In [2] some results on PS bent functions were recently published. With the help of an alternative proof for the degree of a subclass of PS bent functions, we show that most of the results presented in [2] cannot be applied to the whole class of PS bent functions, but only to a subset of such bent functions.


In English teaching,giving a full play to different functions of music and combining music with English teaching in various ways can not only help students acquire English knowledge and skills,but also develop their qualities in an all_round way.


A super-strong acid, bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide, was combined with imidazole and pyrazole at various molar ratios to prepare series of ionic liquids. The analyses of the conductivity, *H NMR chemical shift, and self-diffusion coefficient indicate that proton conduction in the Bronsted acid-base ionic liquid systems depends on the composition. With excess amines in the systems, fast proton exchange reactions between the protonated amine and neutral species could be envisaged. A comparison of the physicochemical properties of both of the systems has been made to understand the importance of molecular geometry on the proton conduction behavior o f such ionic liquid systems under non-humidifying conditions.


High-order stimulated Raman scattering for pumping by ps and sub-ps pulses is studied in the frame of a time-domain approach without the slowly varying envelope approximation. Formation of pulse trains with sub-fs durations in the ps-pump regime is demonstrated using external phase compensation. For sub-ps excitation a novel broadening mechanism of Raman lines is predicted that leads to a quasicontinuous spectrum and permits one to generate single sub-fs pulses. We predict also essential shortening of a delayed fs-probe pulse by the Raman oscillations without phase control.


The life science is the frontier of natural sciences.It is very important for college students to study and grasp the knowledge of life science in 21 century.The laboratory of life science is a base in which the knowledge of life science can be popularized and the study of life science can be done in a certain extent.In this paper the active function of the laboratory of life science in the construction and development in Dalian University was summarized.


A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an approved and validated method to quantify the environmental impacts of producing a given product. An LCA was recently completed on isolated soy protein (ISP) produced by DuPont Nutrition & Health that was ISO 14044 compliant and reviewed by a third‐party. The LCA study included soy cultivation, bean crushing, ISP production and transportation. The ISP study focuses on findings related to carbon footprint, water and land use footprints. Comparisons are made to meta‐analysis results for common sources of animal‐source proteins.


The increasing use of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) has generated a significant interest in combustion-based power generation technologies, as a replacement of traditional electrochemical batteries which are plagued by low energy densities, short operational lives and low power-to-size and power-to-weight ratios. Moreover, the versatility of integrated combustion-based systems provides added scope for combined heat and power generation. This paper describes a study into the dynamics of premixed flames in a micro-channeled combustor. The details of the design and the geometry of the combustor are presented in the work by Kariuki and Balachandran [1]. This work showed that there were different modes of operation (periodic, a-periodic and stable), and that in the periodic mode the flame accelerated towards the injection manifold after entering the channels. The current study investigates these flames further. We will show that the flame enters the channel and propagates towards the injection manifo...


Abstract Education is an excellent instrument for effecting positive changes in the behaviour of individuals. For expected changes to occur, curriculum is a veritable tool to be used. The need for curriculum innovation and change is a clarion call on all stakeholders in the educational sector. The purpose of education is a factor that affects curriculum innovation and change. Barriers to curriculum innovation and change include perception of stakeholders, organizational structure, non-implementation of educational reforms, absence of follow-up, lack of holistic approach, absence of support, the change process, expectations and attitudes and lack of professional development of the curriculum implementers. That teachers must accept the inevitability of change and understand the rationales for proposed change and innovations is one of the recommendations proffered.


Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of serum C-reactive protein(CRP) in the patients with the acute exacerbation and remission of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),meanwhile to reasch the relationship between CRP and pulmonary function.Methods To select 46 patients and detect the changes of CRP level,leukocyte counts(WBC),neutrophil counts(N),Xiechen(ESR),pulmonary function FEV1% before and after treatment.To compare the changes of this index.Results Patients with COPD aggravating period was higher than other lob CRP index.The after-treatment significant improvement(P0.01).There are negative correlation between CRP level and pulmonary function FEV1% before and after treatment,but there is no significance in statistics(P0.05).Conclusion The serum CRP level is a sensitive index in COPD patients with acute exacerbations,and it is also a good index to judge the early therapeutic efficacy in COPD patients with acute exacerbations.


Abstract Nowadays, the use of quadcopters in daily life has become important due to its capabilities and ability to carry out many tasks in many fields like civil, military, industrial, and agricultural fields. The modelling of the quadcopter and deeply understanding its movements is very important to ensure that the simulations of its behaviour are as close as possible to reality and also helps us to design a flight controller. In this work, we used a modern technique on MATLAB (Simscape) to simulate a quadcopter in real-time. At first, we build a quadcopter using Simscape multibody then we simulated the PID regulator, the command algorithms, and the motor model with the applied forces on the body to achieve the global model that we can use to study the movement of the quadcopter on the three-axis which ensure a stable functioning. The results obtained show the stability of the four movements of the quadcopter (roll, pitch, yaw, and altitude).


A 70-year-old female developed recurrent disease following radiotherapy for primary inoperable breast cancer 5.5 years previously. Salvage mastectomy was performed. Pathology revealed recurrent breast cancer, along with a second primary malignancy, a dermal angiosarcoma. Radical excision of recurrent angiosarcoma failed. Irradiation combined with hyperthermia showed good palliation. The angiosarcoma's possible relation to the initial radiotherapy is discussed.


Authors gratefully thank to referee #1 for his/her thorough reviews and valuable comments which would contribute to improve the manuscript. Authors have revised the manuscript to respond the referee's comments. Authors tried to improve the manuscript by clarifying the ambiguous expressions, and adding 3 Figures (Figs. 5, 10, and 11) with scatter plots between ISABLE_ABLH and conventional ABLHs with respect to time zones and cloud covers. The revised manuscript was edited by a professional Editing company. Major changes are marked in RED in the revised manuscript. I hope that


Schaertl S, Prime M, Wityak J, Dominguez C, Munoz-Sanjuan I, Pacifici RE, et al: A profiling platform for the characterization of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) inhibitors. J Biomol Screen 2010;15:478-487. (Original DOI: 10.1177/1087057110366035) In the June 2010 issue of the Journal of Biomolecular Screening, Figure 5 of the above-mentioned article by Schaertl et al. contained an incorrect structure. The correct structure for "Z-DON" (Z-DON-Val-Pro-Leu-OMe) appears below. The authors apologize for the error.


The ground-based GNSS-R experiments are more favorable than the airborne experiments for research. Since the antennas are set low in ground-based experiments, the reflecting areas are much smaller than that in airborne experiments, so in these small areas the soil has nearly the same soil structure including soil texture, soil moisture and soil surface roughness, then the precision of the GNSS-R inversion can be improved. In this paper, the principle of soil moisture measuring by GNSS-R is described. First the influence on reflected signal power by ionosphere and neutrosphere is eliminated by normalized processing, then the soil moisture is calculated based on geometric optics approximation and dielectric models for the soil. In order to prove the accuracy of GNSS-R observation a field experiment was completed in Wuhan, in which a soil moisture tester (Time Delay Reflectometry-TDR) was used to observe together with the GNSS-R receiver. Comparison between TDR and GNSS-R observations at different sites and times shows that the average error is small. Therefore the ground based experiment is important for quantitative retrieval of soil moisture, and it also can provide good initial conditions for widespread soil moisture monitoring if using GNSS-R receiver network.


In the construction "把+O+VR+L",the absence of "把"(Ba) is closely related to its animacy and controllability.Being influenced by the genre,short chunk forms the dominant part of the object.The semantic features of verbs are different.The semantic of location in the construction is different and this will influence the looming of the location.


Travelling Wave (TW) based fault location is considered as a very accurate model, however, it needs high sampling frequency to detect faults. Also it is a costly method when applied. To overcome the problem of precise fault detection, this paper proposes a zero fault detection and TW theory to determine the location of ground faults in a transmission line. The proposed algorithm is simulated and tested in the PSCAD software. A laboratory setup is developed not only to discuss the problem of existing relays in TW based fault location, but also to compare the proposed method with impedance based fault location algorithms.


Introduction: There is no doubt that early screening program and treatment using Pavlik harness is effective in treating dysplastic unstable hips in infants with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The incidence of avascular necrosis (AVN) of femoral head is (60%) if Pavlik Harness is not used for DDH in late diagnosis (1,2) . Pavlik harness is dynamic splint which is considered to be better than static splints. It prevents hip extension and adduction but allows flexion and abduction of the hip, this leads to reduction and stabilization with (95%) success rate and less than (1%) incidence of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head (1,2,3) (figure 1). Early diagnosis by using ultrasound scan of the hip in the first 6 months of life is the gold standard (5) . Plain radiographs of the pelvis is unhelpful in the first 6 months of life as the femoral head is not ossified to visualize (6,7) . The aim of the current study is to audit the implementation of a screening DDH program a year after setting it up. Abstract:


Three types of groundnut butters (GBs) from two cultivars (GG13 and GG20) were prepared by grinding the shelled and roasted groundnut to which safe and suitable stabilizing ingredients were added. Total protein and fat contents were found higher in GBs than their respective kernels. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) like myristic, palmitic and stearic acids were found significantly higher (P < 0.01) in hydrogenated fat than GBs. GB prepared by using two cultivars - GG13 and GG20 in the ratio of 2:1 (GB-3) had higher oleic acid (48.8%) and linoleic acid (31.2%), essential fatty acid (EFA), poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with highest nutritional quality index (1.77) and optimal oil stability index (1.56). This GB had better fatty acid composition and balanced oil quality compared to GBs prepared from individual cultivars GG13 and GG20 as well as hydrogenated fat. MUFA and PUFA were found higher in GBs than hydrogenated fat. So, it is desirable to make various fortified food products and confectionaries by partial replacement of hydrogenated fat with GBs from human health point of view.


The initial thesis of this article is that information and communication technologies have become a structuring dimension of human activity in a close and complex relation with other social, cultural, political and esthetic transformations. It therefore states that the implications of such techno-cultural revolution for education must take these transformations into account and consider the historical process that includes not only the diverse crisis of education in relation to an economical system and to a project of development that requires education to accept its goals, but also the contradictory techno-cognitive transformations of new generations and the configuration of media subjectivities that challenge modern subjectivity and the education institution alike. It finally proposes some reflections on the sense of the school nowadays.How to reference this article: Rueda Ortiz, Rocio, "Educacion y cibercultura: retos para (re)pensar la escuela hoy", Revista Educacion y Pedagogia, Medellin, Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Educacion, vol. 24, num. 62, enero-abril, 2012, pp. 157-171Received: November 2011Accepted: January 2012


Does an increase in active cervical rotation when sitting posture is corrected indicate the need for postural re-education? Tuttle NA, Newsham-West R, Offord S Griffith University, Gold Coast In the spirit of Mythbusters, we used a pragmatic approach to investigate assumptions underlying some aspects of clinical practice. Improvement in active rotation of the cervical spine when the patient's posture is 'corrected' is often included as part of a physical assessment. We set out to determine if this improvement in active movement is a normal response rather than indicative of the need for postural re-education. Active cervical rotation was measured in three postures using a tri-axial orientation sensor in ten asymptomatic volunteers. Rotation in upright sitting was compared with sitting in a slumped posture and upright sitting and with the shoulders elevated. There was a significantly greater rotation in the upright sitting than in the slumped position (p =0.02) of 6.5 degrees (CI 0.1 to 12.9). There was a significant increase in rotation with the shoulders elevated (p=0.01). The seven of the subjects that had an improvement in rotation increased by an average increase of 11.2 degrees (CI 7.1 to 15.3 degrees) which is comparable to the increase reported in the literature for symptomatic patients. Possible causes of these differences will be discussed. Pain responses could not be assessed in our asymptomatic population, but it is suggested that any changes in either range of motion or pain in a patient population need to be greater than the changes in movement that occur with an asymptomatic population before the therapist would be justified in drawing conclusions on the need for postural re-education.


Background and Aims Bowel cleansing (prep) is usually the most demanding and yet important aspect in colonoscopy. Adequate prep is prerequisite for complete, accurate and comfortable colonoscopy. Polyethylene glycol based agents have been deemed the safest category of prep. Moviprep has been the 1st line cleansing agent for patients attending for screening colonoscopy in the North of Tyne Bowel Screening Centre. Recently we have attempted to use Plenvu in some patients as it has less volume (0.5 vs 1 litre) and a different flavour to Moviprep. However it costs more. 6 colonoscopists perform procedures in 4 sites. We had limited supply of Plenvu so we decided to do a 'real-world' service evaluation to determine if the smaller volume would lead to: Comparable bowel cleansing Reduction in proportion of patients unable to complete ingestion of cleansing agent Method Patients due screening colonoscopy were given either Plenvu or Moviprep. The colonoscopists were blinded to the cleansing agent until after they had scored the effect of cleansing using the Boston bowel preparation scale (BBPS) after the procedure. Completion of ingestion of agent, patient demographics and BBPS score were recorded on to an excel spreadsheet and later analysed Results 479 patients were included. Median age was 66 (55 – 71) years. All patients had either face to face or telephone 'pre-assessment' by specialist screening practitioners. 73% of colonoscopies were performed on morning list. Of the 7 patients unable to complete Plenvu, 43% for nausea and 28.5 percent vomited. For Moviprep (19 patients); 21% for nausea and 10.5% vomited. The remainder of the patients reported 'just being unable' to complete the agent. Conclusions In our analysis, there was no significant difference between the efficacy of Plenvu and Moviprep in bowel cleansing. There was no significant difference in the patients ability to complete ingestion of Plenvu vs Moviprep despite the lower volume. This service evaluation does not support a switch to the more expensive cleansing agent.


Plans for the celebration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Society of Automotive Engineers, to be held at French Lick Springs Hotel, French Lick, Indiana, May 25th to 29th, include a presentation of a number of historic motor cars and accessories, displays of early newspaper and magazine automotive advertising, and an exhibit of photographs and editorial accounts of outstanding automotive events which have occurred in the past 25 years.


The title of « firstborn » of the divinities Anbi and Hawkam in Qatabanian inscriptions was reserved for the mukarribs and kings of Qataban. A new inscription, MIFF 99.69 (7th c. B.C.), mentions a man, mdr', with the title of « firstborn » of the divinities Warah and Şarwat: the last deity was a new Qatabanian goddess.


Humic acid compounds have an immunostimulatory effect. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of humic acid on the spleen of mice infected with Escherichia coli. The study used a completely randomized design with six treatments and five replicates. The treatments were normal control, negative control, positive control of isoprinosine, humic acid dose of 62.5; 125; and 250 mg/kg body weight (BW). The results showed that E. coli infection caused diarrhea symptoms and significant weight loss. There were significant differences (P<0.05) on hematocrit value and a total leukocyte count of humic acid, in which isoprinosine treatment was higher than those of negative control and normal control. There was no significant difference in the spleen weight of the mice subjected to the different treatments, but through histologic observations a significant difference (P<0.05) was found in the histologic size of the spleen. Humic acid treatment of 250 and 125 mg/kg BW resulted in the widest white pulp (495.8 ± 58.2 μm) and the highest leukocytes count (6725 ± 1018 cell/mL), respectively. On the red pulp serving as negative control numerous clusters of lymphocyte cells were found.


This article explores the phenomenon of "exclusionary eminent domain"—the exercise of eminent domain that has the effect of excluding low-income households from an otherwise predominantly or entirely middle-class or wealthy neighborhood or locality—and assesses the case for a new state constitutional law doctrine limiting exclusionary eminent domain. An exclusionary eminent domain doctrine would be rooted in the public use clauses of state constitutions, and would result in the application of heightened review to the condemnations of low-income housing in a locality or neighborhood that otherwise has less than its fair share of such housing. An exclusionary eminent domain doctrine would promote full cost internalization by condemning localities, and hence deter excessive condemnations of low-income households and tend to reduce social costs from concentrated poverty.


During the last fifty years, the contribution of the European Council was to achieve this prospectus as the one to promote democracy, the rule of law and protection of Human Rights. In its effort Albania responded really much to the changes occurring both within Albania and Europe too. After major changes in Central and Eastern Europe, the Council of Europe has played a primary role for countries that required adaptation to democratic life and simultaneously respect for Human Rights. But the development and consolidation of democratic stability occupied primary role and certainly had a substantial costs on people. In 1925 the Resident Chamber of International Justice which in its advisory opinion states: " a state that has undertaken so valuable international obligations is bound to make its legislation necessary changes to ensure the execution of accepted commitments " 1So up to where and to what extent the Republic of Albania has respected the following principles of law that except to opinions of instances of international law, on the other hand is one of the basic principles fixed in its Article 5.2 In our paper will present some necessary changes as well as radical for the legal system in order to achieve adequate stability and credibility in Europe! DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v4n1p291


Based on the theory of particle flow code,the failure process of tuffaceous sandstone with a pre-existing circular opening is simulated by numerical experiments under uniaxial,biaxial and triaxial compressions.And the impact of different loading modes is analyzed from the view of peak strength,microcrack and energy.The results show that the failure of rock specimen starts around the opening regardless of loading modes.The deformation of opening under uniaxial compression is different from that under biaxial and triaxial compressions.And a macro-crack is formed on the side of rock specimen under uniaxial compression.Peak strength of rock specimen under triaxial compression is larger than that of biaxial compression at the same confining pressure.And the difference of peak strength between biaxial and triaxial compressions increases with the increase of confining pressure.Crack-initiation stress decreases with the increase of confining pressure under biaxial compression,while crack-initiation stress increases with the increase of confining pressure under triaxial compression.The change process of strain energy can reflect the failure process of rock specimen.And its peak value is greatly influenced by confining pressure.The change process of dissipated energy can reflect the extent of slip and friction between microscopic particles.And its change law is related to loading modes and confining pressure.


Diabetic Data Analysis is a field of research which comes under analytics. Analytics is a subject of statistics to the extent that we read raw data by using computational techniques and then we make sense out of this raw data this is called analysis. An essential function in data mining and analytics is the Data Classification. A machine learning tool known as neural network is capable to perform various tasks in diabetic data analysis. Today, healthcare industries having large amount of data and to access that data analysis process is required, so there arise many complexities. Medicare industries face different kind of challenges, so it is very important to develop data analytics. In this paper an integrated approach is used to predict diabetes from neural network. Neural network can be taken as ubiquitous indicator. From various resources raw data has been collected and compare it to a tool that can be a trained machine for the prediction of diabetes patients. Main aim of integrating approach in neural network is to increase the accurate results in the prediction of diabetic patients. Big data is an approach to resolve the problem in an enhanced manner. A modeling structure is used in this paper.


The purpose of this study is to find out whether there is a significant relationship between: (1) achievement of social development in childhood who have single parents, (2) how is the social behavior of children who have single parents, (3) how childrens social behavior who is cared for by a single mother, (4) how is the social behavior of a child cared for by a single father. This study was an analytic observational study with a cross sectional design. The population of this study was all early childhood education in 3 kindergarten schools in Medan City. The research method used in this study is a qualitative analytical descriptive method. The sampling technique used is Area sampling. Data collection techniques for social development using questionnaires, interviews, documentation and observation. The data analysis technique uses 3 techniques, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. Based on the results of the data analysis and the discussion carried out obtained: (1) There is a difference between the social development of children with single parents and complete parents where children with single parents tend to have unstable emotions. They are easier to cry when disturbed by their friends for those who are cared for by a single mother, for those who are cared for by a single father, they tend to be angry, rebellious and hit when they are disturbed by their friends; (2) engagement parenting conducted in independent and not involved to the other; (3) accessibility is a single parent, father always give time to accompany for playing and activities his child everyday.


Objective: To observe the effect of ganciclovir combined interlenkin-Ⅱ on herpes zoster.Method: 50 cases in treatment group were took intravenous injection once a day with 250mg ganciclovir and 100000 u interlenkin-Ⅱ.46 cases in control group used ganciclovir in the same way for 10 days.Result: There's significant difference in treatment group and control group(P0.01).The effect ive rate was 96.00% and 78.26% respectively in treatment group and control group.Conclusion: The combination therapy with ganciclovir and interlenkin-Ⅱ is superior to single using of ganciclovir in treating herpes zoster.


This workshop focussed on interactions between contact and symplectic geometry, gauge theory, and lowdimensional topology. Each of these subjects is an active ar ea of current research and interactions between them have led to breakthroughs on long standing problems. Ou r workshop was a follow-up to the BIRS events Interactions of geometry and topology in low dimensions from March of 2007 andInteractions of Geometry and Topology in dimensions 3 and 4 from March 2009. Because the fields are progressing at a rapid pace, there were many new and interesting results presented at the workshop and new projects were initiated at the workshop as well. Participants were selected from among the world experts in t hese areas. The organizers made an effort to balance interest between the different research areas and t o e sure that the most important current trends were well represented. There was a good mixture of well-establis hed researchers (Honda, Lisca, Matic, Mrowka, Stern) and younger talented mathematicians (Hom, Lekili, M a'u, Vela-Vick, Vertesi, Zarev). This stimulated many lively discussions and enabled a rich exchange of ideas in all directions.


Abstract The importance of forgiveness is being recognised increasingly in psychological and educational circles. However, most work to date has focused on the experience of offering forgiveness to another. This article represents a theoretical and empirical analysis of the much‐neglected experience of accepting another's forgiveness. Most previous theorising suggests the outcomes of receiving forgiveness are positive, but research in related areas implies that this might not always be the case. Quantitative and qualitative data in this article suggest that the effects of accepting another's forgiveness are usually positive. These effects are explored from psychological, social and moral vantage points, and recommendations for moral education programmes are offered.


Abstract For a truncated matrix moment problem, we describe in detail the set of positive definite matrices of measures μ in V2n (this is the set of solutions of the problem of degree 2n) for which the polynomials up to degree n are dense in the corresponding space L2(μ). These matrices of measures are exactly the extremal measures of the set Vn.


The investigation of the back side of single-crystal silicon with the substituted metal film (Ti, Zr) has been carried out. Then film has annealed at the temperature range of 600 -1000$^\circ$С during 1 -7 hours. It has been shown that on the reverse sprayed side during temperature and annealing time increasing the resistivity and photoconductivity is increase too, but the lifetime of nonequilibrium charge carries are decrease. The mechanism of generation of dotted defects on the metal -silicon interface and the subsequent deep penetration has been proposed.


Introduction LUCANTHONE hydrochloride (Nilodin, Miracil D) has been in use for some fifteen years as an oral treatment of schistosomiasis. Blair (1958), reviewing the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of the drug, stressed that many of the published trials were inconclusive, because of inadequate or variable dosage or of too short a follow-up period. The differences between the criteria of cure used by different workers also prevent useful comparison. Newsome (1951) deplored this situation more than ten years ago, but there is still no uniformity in assessing the results of treatment. The special features of the group of patients described in this paper derive from the fact that nearly all were serving soldiers of the Royal Nigerian Army. ThElY spoke English and were above a certain minimum standard of education and intelligence. Hospital accommodation was available so that they could be admitted for supervision of treatment and observation of toxic effects. In general they were exposed to reinfection only when they went home on annual leave for short periods and some were able to avoid this risk altogether. The epidemiology of the disease was explained to each patient at the time of treatment. A much longer period of follow-up was possible than can usually be employed in Africa. In addition, the soldier in Nigeria is a relatively well-off member of the community who need never go hungry. He leads a healthy outdoor life and is looked after by an efficient medical service modelled after the British Army pattern, so that his standard of general health is extremely high.


In this paper, we propose a novel approach to automate the detection of plant diseases in field images captured by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In general, UAVs images have complex backgrounds, making it difficult to accurately identify disease regions on plants. To overcome this challenging problem, we proposed a multi-scale attention-based segmentation network that automatically extracts both plant leaves and disease regions based on the characteristics of each class. The network consists of two branches that independently segment plant and disease regions using a transformer-based self-attention mechanism and a cross-attention module for feature fusion. The proposed method outperforms existing fusion methods and improves segmentation accuracy.


We report on the application of the technique of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for the analysis of liquids. The technique of LIBS offers a fast, simple, real- time method of elemental analysis. With our simple LIBS set- up numerous elements, including the alkali and alkaline earth metals, and a range of toxic heavy metals, have been measured over a wide range of concentrations. In order to provide quantitative data in the evaluation of laser generated plasmas, parameters such as electron densities, plasma temperature, line shape functions, and others need to be measured. The method of measurement utilized in this study is primarily based on the analysis of the hydrogen Balmer lines which exhibit linear Stark broadening. Ca and Al lines, which exhibit quadratic Stark broadening, were also used. During the measurements it also must be established that the plasma is optically thin, and that the assumption of the existence of Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium is valid. Calibration curves for elements such as Na, Ca, Li, Mn, K, Cr, Al, Pb and Cu using H(alpha ), H(beta ) and H(gamma ) lines as a reference and calibration curves for Ca, Cu, Mn, Li and Na using carefully chosen elements as a reference elements added at `reference concentration' were obtained. Emphasis is placed establishing plasma diagnostics for use in non-laboratory environments, for example for the analysis of pollutants in water in harsh environments. Consequently, all spectroscopic measurements were made under standard atmospheric pressure conditions.


Abstract : The outlook for Soviet military intervention abroad this decade is analyzed in view of changing Soviet vital interests. Soviet vital interests are increasingly domestic; foreign vital interests have shrunk to those which will foster Soviet economic survival and ensure continued diplomatic influence in the world. A poor economy, recognition of new means to effect international change, the Soviet nationalities crises, force reductions, and legislative restrictions may make the use of military power less appealing to Soviet leaders in pursuit of foreign vital interests. This will likely cause the Soviet Union to break historic ties with client states, and show less willingness to defend them militarily. These fundamental changes in Soviet national security policy will likely remain even if President Mikhail Gorbachev is removed from office. The historic military rival of the United States will be less likely to risk any foreign confrontation during this decade, especially with the U.S.


Recently, numerous semiconducting materials and its composites are studied for their photocatalysis applications. These materials having different size, shape and controlled morphology in micro, meso and nanoscale exhibits various important surface features having remarkable applications in photocatalytic degradation of toxic pollutants, hydrogen production and adsorbent for wastewater treatment. However different methods are followed to synthesis semiconductors, metal supported/loaded semiconductors, heterostructures, graphene based semiconductors and other newer materials. In addition, the surface morphologies of these materials and composites for its photo catalytic processes can be explained. Finally the photophysical properties of semiconductor and composite materials with unusual texture will be summarized.


With the development of new technologies such as computer network and communication system, the highway traffic net is to be more consummate, traditional charge cannot meet the demand that require quickly, accurately, and efficiently. According to the advanced technologies of highway traffic communication network and the data transmission requirement for toll management system, this paper put forward the project for toll management system of highway traffic based on computer network, used IC card management system as the passing medium, and gives a sufficient discussion on the goal and structure of toll management system.


Abstract—This study is focused on how to obtain the effective or equivalent properties of inhomogeneous materials, which, contrary to the usual metamaterials, are assumed to possess only a sandwich-like form of heterogeneity. More specifically, the aim is to see how the method of inversion, and associated type and amount of data, condition the outcome of the inversion, notably as concerns the possibility or not of exotic features such as simultaneous negative permittivity and permeability in certain frequency intervals. Two inversion schemes are considered and compared: the NicolsonRoss-Weir (NRW) scheme and an optimization scheme. The adopted form of the optimization scheme provides only numerical retrievals, but it applies to any number of far-field data couples, which fact makes it a useful tool for determining whether the retrieved properties of an inhomogeneous material really are independent of the angle of incidence as is required for effective properties. It is shown, via the optimization scheme, that the apparently infinite number of solutions predicted by the NRW scheme is reduced to a single solution — closest to the predictions of a mixture model — when the constraint of independence with respect to angle of incidence is invoked. Moreover, this solution exhibits none of the exotic features of the properties of the usual metamaterials except temporal dispersion and loss even when the component materials of the inhomogeneous layer are neither dispersive nor lossy.


The subject of this article is the mechanism of standardization of the organization and implementation of internal financial audit by the main managers (managers) of budget funds. The need for the latter to implement methodological support for internal financial audit actualizes the need to analyze the provisions of the federal standards for internal financial audit introduced in January 2020. The purpose of the article is to analyze the fundamental changes and innovations of the new standards.  The author uses the methods of empirical, theoretical and comparative research, systematization of information. The results and conclusions of the study can be taken into account by the chief administrators (administrators) of budget funds as recommendations when bringing the methodological support of internal financial audit in line with the requirements of federal standards.


For reprints or further information please email:  firstname.lastname@example.com This work was supported by Fight For Sight [#1353], the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology (at Moorfields Eye Hospital and the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology), and the Leverhulme trust [1] Salomao & Ventura (1995) Inv. Opth. & Vis. Sci, 36, 657--670 [2] Teller et al (1986) Dev. Med. & Child Neuro., 28, 779--789 Future Work 6 4.1


Objective: To investigate the effect of Lishui Tongluo Capsule(LSTLC) on the da mage of rats with acute cerebral ischemic and its effective mechanism.Methods: The rats with acute whole-cerebral ischemia were used as models. 50 common male W istar rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group, and hig h-dosed,low-dosed groups of LSTLC. After perfusing stomach and obtaining tissues ,we measurate the levels of IL-8,TNF-α,and water in the cerebric tissues, and o bserve the pathomorphologic changes with optical microscope.Results:① The conte nts of IL-8,TNF-αin the serum of model group increased greatly than sham-operat ion group(P0.05) after acute cerebral ischemia.The levels of IL-8,TNF-αred uce in the two LSTLC groups (P0.05). the high levels of IL-8,TNF-αwere dec reased in the high-dosed of LSTLC group (P0.05).It was remarkable in low-do sed LSTLC group too(P0.05).② The content of water increased evidently in t he cerebric tissues after acute cerebral ischemia.Compared with model group, the cure effects were remarkable on decreasing the levels of water in high-dosed of LSTLC group (P0.05). It was remarkable in low-dosed LSTLC group too(P 0.05).③ Histopathological investigation showed that there were serious cerebric edema and pathologic changes of nerve cells in acute cerebral ischemic model gr oup.High-dosed and low-dosed groups of LSTLC were remarkable in improving cerebr al mydrops and pathologic changes of nerve cells which were induced by acute cer ebral ischemia.Conclusions:Obvious pathomorphologic changes and the high content s of IL-8,TNF-αin the serum and water in cerebric tissues with acute cerebral i schemic are pathological and physiological basis of acute ischemic apoplexy. LST LC can greatly improve the pathomorphology of the rats cerebral tissues with acu te cerebric ischemia.Its mechanism of action may be related to reducing the cont ents of water in cerebric tissues.


The system of prescription charges is impenetrable and inequitable, with the list of those exempt so long and confusing that those who cannot afford to pay can miss out.


The aim of this article is to investigate the vision of self-knowledge and the human ability to know oneself and also in relation to the source, starting from the ancient Greeks and exploring their sources of inspiration. Everything is pursued in relation to the affirmation: Man's self-consciousness is a mirror of the source Consciousness, which knows itself through people. There are a few arguments in relation to this: Self-awareness as a self-concern reflected in the universe, appears in pre-Socratic thinkers and outlined in Plato in the triadic vision, and much later is the subject of well-defined study in psychology. Therefore, a good knowledge of the subject starts from the first mentions. The perspective of Stoic philosophers in which self-concern is organized in the form of a set of clearly defined rules, well-defined procedures, a true process of transformation that is completed with the creation of an attitude of alignment Man-Universe / Universal Nature. It is the best represented system of self-conscious work of all the schools of philosophy up to that time.


The successful exploration and appraisal of a field requires deep insight into the petroleum system of the given basin. Fluid inclusion petrography and microthermometry combined with the geochemical analysis of source rock extracts, crude oil, and the petroleum trapped within fluid inclusions by Molecular Composition of Inclusions (MCI) procedures offer additional information about the petroleum system. The case study from the Pannonian Basin represents the use of fluid inclusions as the witnesses of geological and geochemical processes in a fractured reservoir and the adjacent sedimentary basin. In the study area, fractures in volcanic carrier beds and reservoir rocks were cemented by different minerals, in particular by zeolites. Based on fracture-filling mineral sequences as well as their textural relationships, four distinct vein types can be distinguished, but only the youngest one preserves the migrated hydrocarbon-bearing fluid trapped in zeolites (analcime, heulandite) and allows oil to accumulate in a reservoir scale. Petrographically, two different petroleum inclusion assemblages could be distinguished. The very infrequent, single primary HC1 inclusions with weak yellow fluorescence colour were trapped earlier than the abundant primary HC2 inclusions with intense blue fluorescence colour. The UV-fluorescence micro-spectroscopy strengthened the distinction of the two different types and established the similarity of crude oil produced in the area and late (HC2) fluid inclusion oil. Based on the homogenization temperatures of the primary aqueous inclusions co-genetic with HC2 petroleum-bearing inclusions, the migration of the HC2 fluid in the fracture system took place in the temperature range of 130-160 °C. Molecular composition of the fluid inclusion oil was correlated with rock extracts of representative source rock samples (MS1, MS2) and crude oil produced in the area. The biomarker signatures of the fluid inclusion oil and the crude oil are very similar to each other. The crude oil looks unbiodegraded, akin to MS2 rock extract. Both oils appear to represent a marine (carbonate) influenced source facies but deposited in a slightly more anoxic environment than the source rock samples derived, probably from a deeper part of the basin. The results confirm that fluid inclusion measurements could be used as effective exploration tools for comprehension of the petroleum system in the area.


After the opening of a Korea-Japan public culture, the film area, including a Korean-Japanese-made film and an exchange of various parts of the film is also opened and being absorbed naturally. In this study, we are going to investigate the design case of film poster that released both in Korea and Japan. From the appealing image of the two countries' same film but different film poster, we are trying to compare and analyze expressional elements of design by film genre. So in order to contribute to the development of film poster design that can be communicate to the audience. Depends on the result of comparative analysis of Korea-Japan film poster for Korean film, Korean film posters are focused on main character's photograph for every film genre. However, Japanese film posters are not focused on main characters but expressing main visual images that based on film scenario. Furthermore, in the lyrical genre of Korean drama or comedy film, bright and warm colors are dominant color. In the case of Japanese drama, they used white color as background of poster. In the Japanese comedy film, they used more primary color and stronger images than Korea. In the case of action, adventure, and war genre from both in Korea and Japan, Korea used a similar layout and color for all three different genres. However, in Japan, they used various designs for each genre. Which means that Korea produced model based commercial posters without any distinction of film genre. But unlike the representation of Korean film poster, Japanese film poster has various design expression in each genre. Therefore, Korean film poster design production should be more various and original for the future. And also need to develop poster design expression that implied contents. From this design analysis, we expect the development of diverse expression of Korea-Japan film poster.


This article discusses the composition,structure and function of lipid rafts and the mechanism of lipid rafts in signal transduction plus or minus regulation,T cell signal transduction,signal transduction process of sperm membrane.Caveolins and its participation in signal transduction process have close relationship with glucose transport,diabetes and its complications.


— The aim of this project was to evaluate the performance of high performance concretes(HPC) Containing supplementary cementitious materials. In the last millennium concrete had demanding requirements both in terms technical performance and economy and yet greatly varied from architectural masterpieces to the simplest of utilities. The main aim of the project is first to prepare the Strength of concrete of grade M40 with locally available ingredients and then to study the effects of different proportions of Alccofine and fly ash in the mix and to find optimum range of Alccofine and fly ash content in the mix. The Alccofine and fly ash is added by weight of cement as a replacement. The concrete specimens will test at different age level for mechanical properties of concrete, namely, cube compressive strength, flexural Strength.


Abstract The use of the OPTLC method has been extended to the separation of the acidic fraction of the total lipid extract derived from a given blood element. This newly developed method is suitable for the interclass separation of sulphatides and gangliosides and further intraclass separation of gangliosides on the same TLC plate with step gradient development. The elutions can be performed on 10 × 10 cm (or larger) HPTLC plates with 13 parallels on each one. The chromatograms were stained either with orcinol-H2SO4 to show class separation (in this case only a single isocratic elution was performed) or with rescrcinol-HCl reagent to visualize the ganglioside intraclass separation. The chromatograms were evaluated by spectrodensitometric scanning and the reproducibility of the separation was determined.


Composites of hydroxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) has been obtained. Phthalocyanines get noncovalently adsorbed onto CNTs surface by π–π stacking. Conversion of β-form of phthalocyanine to α-form gives clear evidence of composite formation. Only carboxyl and hydroxyl CNTs react with phthalocyanine while no reaction occurs for amided CNTs. High selectivity in the thin film resistors of SWNT–OH + CuPc composites toward NOx gases is observed. The response for NOx is 10 times and 100 times more then that of ammonia and Sox, respectively. This makes the SWNT–OH + CuPc composite a candidate for detection of NOx—a common pollutant.


Ethical behavior is learned throughout a lifetime. Good morals, taught first at Mother's knee as she teaches the sharing of toys, continue into the formative years. Religious organizations reinforce the message each week through teaching the Ten Commandments [5], the scriptures and sermons, but ethical discussions should not stop at the church doors.

The newly connected world of personal computing and mobile devices adds another dimension to the world of interactive behavior. One just needs to pick up a newspaper in any city to learn of bullying that occurs over the Internet [9] and of posted videos causing undue hardship and sometimes even death for the victim [1].

In the University's Computing Sciences (CS) Department a full course in ethics is taught as part of the ABET requirement in the junior year to computer science majors. Non-computer science majors are introduced to the subject of ethical computer behavior in the freshman course, Computing and the Web. This ethics introduction does not fulfill any university or ABET requirements but the author feels strongly that it is important to expose non-majors to the subject of computer ethics early in their university studies. This paper addresses ethics in the non-major freshman course. While ethics is not the main focus of the non-major course, ethics are discussed each week and a new topic is debated. The questions have changed over the years due to student suggestions and changes in the computer field. The techniques have also evolved and data collected. The findings are presented in this paper.


Objective - The objective of this paper is to unfold the nature of excessive behavior in the Islamic economics framework.

Methodology/Technique - This is a library research based on the various studies that specifically discuss excessive behavior and Islamic consumer behavior. The study uses a rating system to identify the relevance of content to the study and analyze content analysis.

Findings - The nature of excessive behavior is condemned by Islam and is fully agreed upon by Muslim scholars. The extent of excessive behavior is not limited to certain levels of consumption. The Muslim consumer may unaware of doing the practice under the influence of a particular setting, where the pleasure of the practice is felt temporarily.

Novelty - This study clarifies the terminology and nature of excessive behavior, which is unclear in previous studies conducted by Muslim scholars.

Type of Paper: Review.

Keywords: Excessive Behavior; Islamic Economics; Consumer Behavior; Miscellaneous.

JEL Classification: A13, D01, P40, Y80

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2019.4.1(6)


The World Natural Gas market is assuming growing importance in the coming years. Looking at past trends, we can see that world wide natural gas use has grown remarkably over the last three decades, registering an annual average growth rate of 2.7%. Before the oil price boom of 1973, not much attention was given to gas and it used to be flared off. Between 1978-98, the natural gas showed an uninterrupted, rapid pace of growth - the only fossil fuel to do so. Its annual average growth reached 3.4% between 1978-98 period. Natural Gas use almost doubled in absolute terms increasing by 810 million tones of oil from 1,139 m ton in 1978 to 1,949 m ton in 1998. Its share in the world primary energy rose to 21% in 1998.


Although brown eye spot of coffee, caused by Cerco-spora coffeicola, is important for coffee production in Brazil, there is a general lack of knowledge regarding the disease. In this study, we evaluated the variability of both the cultural and aggressiveness traits of 60 isolates from coffee plants grown under conventional and organic systems in three regions of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Variability among the isolates was detected with regard to all of the traits and was unrelated to an effect of either the region or cropping system. Mycelial growth, cercosporin production and sporulation were assessed in the laboratory. Of the 60 isolates, 27 did not sporulate at 25°C; the mycelial growth of all of the isolates and cercosporin production by 18 of the isolates linearly increased as the temperature rose from 18 to 26°C. We inoculated six selected isolates on plants of two coffee cultivars ('Catuai Vermelho IAC44' and 'Catucai Vermelho 785-15') and evaluated the incubation period (IP), latent period (LP) and disease severity. All three of these traits were affected by temperature postinoculation and KCl amendment. The significant correlations were as follows: IP and LP in both cultivars; severity and leaf fall in both cultivars; and cercosporin production in vitro and severity values in 'Catucai Vermelho 785-15'. In conclusion, we found that (i) C. coffeicola is highly variable for both cultural and aggressiveness traits; (ii) laboratory and glasshouse experiments were suitable to assess the pathogen variability; (iii) research protocols should account for the effect of environmental factors, such as temperature and KCl, on the traits evaluated; and (iv) these protocols should include the assessment of the IP instead of the LP, as both are correlated, and the IP is easier to evaluate.


The basic skill training is one of the important indispensable components in teaching the piano.It changes with the improvement of studying it.According to different degrees the contents of basic skill training can be divided into three kinds: primary,intermediate and advanced stages.This paper elaborates the importance of the three stages of the basic skill training in teaching the piano in detail.Meanwhile,according to the teaching practice,it mainly analyzes the feelings in the basic skill training of primary and intermediate stages,as well as how to master the methods of training in a scientific way.


Temporal Distortions is 18-20 minutes in length and is written for an orchestra including 2 flutes (2nd flute doubling on piccolo), 2 oboes, 2 Bb clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, 2 trombones, timpani, 3 percussionists playing tri-toms, vibraphone, snare/tenor drum, medium suspended cymbal, Glockenspiel, bass drum, and large tam-tam; and multiple string parts for violin I a & b, violin II a & b, viola a & b, cello and double bass. Temporal Distortions was inspired by the theoretical concept of "wormholes" in space, where matter is warped through distorted passages connecting distant and diverse parts of the universe. The work is in three sections, connected without break. The first section, Space, emerges as a wide, expansive musical area where themes and gestures are freely presented. Gradually, these materials come into phase with one another, building to a climax. A transition follows, leading into the middle section, Wormholes, where the materials are frequently and suddenly transformed into other temporal elements. The third section, Comets, was inspired by the collision of the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with the planet Jupiter in July of 1993. Driving, underlying rhythms propel the thematic material through a series of statements which split into more and more substatements. This leads into a turbulent, explosive section and a final wormhole which returns to the opening material. Five basic temporal elements -- sustaining, aligned/non-repeating, aligned/repeating, non-aligned/repeating, and non-aligned/non-repeating -- are derived and demonstrated. Relationships between these elements are examined, and basic transformations are discussed. These elements serve as the basis for a theory of temporal analysis applicable to both metered and non-metered music. Chapter I presents this theory, and Chapter II discusses its application as a compositional method in Temporal Distortions.


Entanglement distribution will form the backbone of many future distributed quantum technologies, especially the quantum internet. The act of purifying multiple noisy entangled states into a single one of higher quality has no analogue in classical networking and as such, this transforms the way in which we will consider future algorithms for routing entanglement. We outline the differences that arise because of this, demonstrate some elementary formalisms for `multi-path entanglement routing', and discuss the philosophical differences that arise when comparing this regime to conventional digital network theory. We also present a software package, QuNet, that uses novel `quantum cost-vector analysis' to simulate and benchmark routing in multi-user entanglement networks in a way that is is highly scalable in network size and the number of competing users. Our software accommodates both ground- and space-based networks, and implements efficient multi-user time-optimisation for mitigating congestion when quantum memories are available.


For any 1 ≤ p, q < ∞, we determine the optimal constant Cp,q such that the following holds. If (hk)k≥0 is the Haar system on [0, 1], then for any vectors ak from a separable Hilbert space H and ek ∈ {−1, 1}, k = 0, 1, 2, . . ., we have n X k=0 ekakhk q,∞ ≤ Cp,q n X k=0 akhk p . This is generalized to the sharp weak-type inequality ||Y ||q,∞ ≤ Cp,q ||X||p, where X, Y stand for H-valued martingales such that Y is differentially subordinate to X.


The fitness-proportionate selection is the basic selection method for genetic algorithm,but it tends toward resulting in the premature convergence and the random walk phenomena.The paper analyzes causes of the two phenomenas by experiment,and argues for adopting a self-adaptive proportional selection strategy to adjust dynamically the selection intensity according to the change of the population state,so adjust dynamically the balance of the refining performance and the reforming performance of genetic algorithm.The analysis and comparative experiment show that the new selection strtegy can overcome the premature convergence and the random walk phenomena.


Subject. Data from the compulsory Danish National IVF Registry from 1994 and 1995 regarding treatments, abortions and complications following assisted reproductive technologies.


A simple, reliable and rapid method for the spectrophotometric determina tion of carboxyhemoglobin in fresh blood is described. A blood hemolysate is prepared by diluting a blood sample with 0.4 percent NH4 OH. Addition of sodium dithionite deoxygenates hemoglobin (and reduces methemoglobin if present) without affecting carboxyhemoglobin. Comparison of the 541/555 nm absorbance ratio for the hemolysate with the ratio obtained for solutions with known concentrations of carboxyhemoglobin serves as a means to determine the percent of carboxyhemoglobin present in the sample. Bilirubin and methemoglobin do not interfere with the procedure, and the standard curve is linear over the entire analytical range.


One kind of the wet dust removal system and a sewage treatment apparatus system constituted by a body which is dust removal system installed sequentially from bottom to top of the tower the gas baffles, spray pipe, and a dust catching means consisting of a demister; gas baffle consists of a set of fin-shaped flow deflector arranged in a plane transverse, soot captured by the dust capture mechanism dense mesh plate and "people" shaped dust collecting plates. Sewage treatment system which consists of water tank, water pump, a filter belt, water recovery mechanism, sludge drying means slag and dust collecting means. This dusty gas dust removal device may be implemented five dust, dust is high, by increasing the number of layers of soot capturing means, dust removal rate of gas containing more than 5 micron particles of up to 98%; small dusty gas resistance, low energy consumption; a dust collector and sewerage, and can reduce the environmental footprint equipment investment, dust treated effluent can be recycled, saving water.


In my previous report, I have discussed upon the results of the quantitative analysis of food of five sorts of salmons, all of which have the common habitat. Here, I want to discuss upon the vertical or horizontal segregation of habitats, distribution of fishes on net, number of shoals caught by the net and the popu, lation of shoals, on the basis of the results of my own observations on board the Hosyo-maru No. 3, one of the investigation vessels of Japan Fishery Co. Ltd. dur ing the period from 20th to 22nd of July 1952 al about 100 miles west of Cape Lopatcka. Before going further, I must express my hearty thanks to Prof. Dr. D. MIYADI (Kyoto University) fo his kind guidance and criticisms given to my work. And also I must record here my sincere thanks toDr. M. MORISITA (Kytlsyu University) who taught me the statistical method, Prof. Dr. I. MATSUI (Shimonoseki College of Fisheries) and Dr. T. TOKIOKA (Kyoto University) who gave me many valuable advices, Captain Y. SASAKI of the Shyunkotsu-maru, Chief inspector M. TOCHINAI and to Mr. T. IT6, the director of the Tenryu-maru fleet, who afforded me many facilities for collecting the data usedfor this investigation.


According to the development trends of coating industry,the necessity on the course of coating and painting technology for polymer specialty was introduced.In order to improve the quality and effect of teaching,the teaching content,method and means of this course were suggested,which can stimulate students' interest in learning,improve students' abilities of practice and creativity.


The 68 patients suffering from well-advanced heart disease but not from congestive failure, had an averag~ venous pressure of 7·6 centimetres, but with a gradual fluctuation between maximum and minimum. The highest reading was recorded in the "rheumatic-hypertension-arteriosclerosis group". Berger has illustrated his article with some useful graphs containing simultaneous readings of vital capacity, weight, cedema and venous pressure over a series of ten to twelve determinations. He noted also the distinct correlation between the consistently rising venous pressure and the appearance of cardiac failure as has been described by Eyster. However, the usual clinical signs were apparent just as soon as the elevation of venous pressure. The highest venous pressure obtained in the normal group did not exceed 10·4 centimetres, which agrees with previously published figures. There is thus considerable normal variation, which must decrease the value of the test in the abnormal state. It further appears that venous pressure can become elevated above normal without other signs of cardiac failure being present and without seeming to presage a threatened cardiac decompensation. The exact nature of this mechanism is not clear. Variations in intramuscular tone of skeletal muscle influences the venous return to the heart, or it is possible that venous spasm may occur, a kind of essential venous hypertension. There is no doubt that marked local venous spasm can occur when a vein is injured. for example, by venipuncture. Berger concludes that venous pressure itself cannot be used to prognose the onset of congestive failure. The sign of a raised venous pressure is therefore not a most reliable or necessarily an early sign of failure. Lewis has insisted for many years upon the importance of clinical observations of venous pressure; even rough bedside tests of the observations of the degree of venous distension have been accorded considerable significance. There is no question but that such observations are of confirmatory value and of censiderable aid in estimating the daily progress in one direction or the other of congestive heart failure; but it seems, from the present study, that a rise of venous pressure may occasionally occur in quite normal subjects, and that as an early sign of impending cardiac breakdown it must be considered as no better than the objective information referred to at the commencement of this comment.


Our latest research from search engine optimization projects shows the effect of the semantic kernel of a website. It is a unique set of keywords that depends on time as well as the current state of the search engine vector space model. Therefore, the problem of mathematical modeling of changes in the semantic kernel of a website within a period of a month a year is becoming urgent. The kernel is formed from three clusters of keywords: product (service), geography (location) and time (duration). The article proposes a model for representing the semantic kernel of a website. This view is supported by a description of the kernel based on the semantic web, followed by its presentation in the form of a resource description framework (RDF) schema. An algorithm for forming a kernel based on hierarchical clustering (agglomerative nesting) is also considered.


The utility model discloses a rotary engraving machine. The rotary engraving machine comprises a working platform; the sides of the working platform are provided with a left side beam and a right side beam respectively; a cross beam which is crossed on the working platform and can move in a longitudinal direction is arranged between the left side beam and the right side beam; the cross beam is provided with a tool rest which can move in the vertical and horizontal directions; each tool rest is provided with more than one tool; the working platform is provided with rotation clamping mechanisms with the number the same as that of the tools; each rotation clamping mechanism consists of a positioning strip, a rotation claw disc, a center, a front tailstock, a rear tailstock, and a rotation motor; the positioning strips are arranged on the working platform and are parallel to side beam guide rails; the front tailstocks and the rear tailstocks are all arranged on the positioning strips; the rear tailstocks can move and are positioned on the positioning strips in the longitudinal direction; the rotation claw discs are arranged on the front tailstocks, and the centers are arranged on the rear tailstocks; and the rotary engraving machine can perform all-dimensional engraving, and is high in efficiency.


It is often said that popularity of perfumes does not so much change year after year as that of colors or costumes. We can see, however, transitions in popurality retracing their developments from old till latest days.Formerly the perfumes appeared in such simple types as Hungarian Water or Eau de Cologne, succeeded by single floral, floral bouquet or oriental types, for example as Quelques Fleurs, Narcisse Noir or Mitsouko.With gradual appearance of aliphatic aldehyde, so-called aldehyde types like Reve d'Or, Chanel, Arpege, etc. were created one after another in the nineteen-twenties which can be said the first golden age of French perfumes.These basic tones had not changed so much until the end of the World War II when remarkably new perfumes such as Miss Dior, Bandit, Ma Griffe, etc. were introduced. The characteristics of these perfumes may properly be said to have green, spicy and animal notes added as modifiers.In these several years Madame Rochas, Caleche, Cabochard and more recently Graffitti, Idole, Eau, Chant d'Aromes, Enthousiasme, Parce Que, Fete, Diorling, L'Insolent, kalispera have entered as new creations. In my own opinion, however, the perfumes of this series seem to be not so unique, but the variants in some point or another of the traditional perfumes introduced after the War.From a viewpoint of transitions in European notes it can be said that heavy balsamic notes in Chypre de Coty, Mitsouko or Emeraude are now dying out and aldehyde notes are declining compared with the age of Chanel No. 5. On the contrary we see light floral top-notes of Muguet, Gardenia, Carnation, etc. have become emphasized with use as modifiers of green notes such as leather or quinoline, or of fruity and spicy notes. It may be described on the whole that the perfumes now in vogue have become more of a simple Bouquet type with modest expression of characteristics, consealing, as it were, their individualties within.Meanwhile in America such sharp and pungent notes in as those Ma Griffe are more popular than straight floral, olassic and heavy oriental notes.As to new chemicals they have been utilized throughut the world particularly in recent years, and in America it seems that this tendency is most remarkable in the perfumes of middle class used in make-ups, creams, soaps, and so on.The above descriptions are my general idea with regard to the tendency of odors represented by Extraits.


Farmers markets selling locally grown produce were once vital components of urban food systems. In the modern era an extended wholesale supply system has reduced markets to negligible importance in provisioning. Yet the number of farmers markets in the United States has grown dramatically in the past thirty years. Examination of the literature on American farmers markets in the twentieth century reveals cycles of expansion and decline. Four surges in numbers are reported, with the most rapid rise following the passage of Public Law 94–463, the Farmer‐to‐Consumer Direct Marketing Act of 1976. Between 1970 and 1986, markets in some states increased tenfold, with the national total rising nearly 500 percent by one estimate. Beginning in the late 1980s, farmers markets entered another growth phase, which continues. Research into farmers markets is hindered by the lack of consistency in classification, by incomplete descriptions of market characteristics, and by lost data.


The author has clarified the semantic load and content of the terms «reality» and «actuality», and identified their common and distinctive features. She has considered doctrinal approaches to the definition of the terms «legal actuality» and «legal reality». Based on their analysis, her own approach to understanding the content of the category «legal reality» has been suggested. The necessity of differentiation and further correct use of the categories «actuality» and «reality» within the framework of historical and legal research has been proved. The content of the term-concept «legal actuality», its structure and characteristics have been determined. In accordance with the established historical and legal paradigm, it has been determined that only everything possible, objective, already feasible can be valid. The meaning of the term-concept «legal actuality» has been revealed as a system of actually existing or existed phenomena and processes, legal in their essence or nature, which are determined by continuous changes (development) and a specific period of time. The author's position on the methodological correctness of the use of these terms in historical and legal research has been formulated. A characteristic feature of knowledge of the phenomena and processes of historical and legal reality is retrospectiveness. Cognition is carried out from the present to the past, from consequences to causes. At the same time, the perspective nature of such knowledge (especially in the history of Ukrainian political and legal thought) has been revealed, thanks to which modern historical and legal research focuses on patterns, causes and consequences of changes in feasible (real) phenomena and processes in state and law in a particular period.


Paper Usually, Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) is a dynamic background thus complicated to supply a perfect resolution to convince the Quality of Service (QoS) needs for many applications. In this paper, we introduce a mechanism, namely Bandwidth and Mobility based Stable Route (BMSR) Formation for increasing network efficiency in MANET. In this mechanism, we choose the relay node by the node mobility, bandwidth and quality of link. This mechanism considerably increases the node reliability and stability in the network. Thus it diminishes the probability of link breaks and the overhead. The simulation analysis indicates that the proposed method provides guarantee QoS and network efficiency.


We report a study on micro-magnetic devices which are key components for high performance telecommunication systems. First, we developed new soft-magnetic multilayer films in order to realize superior micro-magnetic devices. These films exhibited ∼10 2 times higher [permeability x cut-off frequency] values in the MHz-GHz frequency range than conventional materials. Next, we applied these films to a small thin-film noise filter and a new type of magnetic sensor. The noise filter and magnetic sensor were ∼1/10 2 smaller and ∼20 times more sensitive, respectively, than conventional devices.


Aluminium sulphate (alum), an inorganic salt, is the most widely used coagulant in wastewater treatment, due to its proven performance, cost-effectiveness and availability. However, the use of aluminium-based coagulant has become under scrutiny. Besides the large amount of sludge produced, high level of aluminium remaining in the treated water has raised concern on public health. Previous research has pointed out that the intake of large amount of aluminium salt may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. To reduce the large intake of aluminium salt in the treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME), this research examined the comparative suitability of alum and combinations of alum as the primary coagulant with other coagulants (ferric chloride, zeolite, chitosan and moringa oleifera ) for the treatment of (POME) at optimum conditions of both coagulants. It also ascertain which combined coagulants with alum and an anionic polymer has the potential for higher pollutants removal. Results obtained revealed that, addition of 1 g/L of ferric chloride, 0.4 g/L chitosan and 1 g/L zeolite each to different dose of alum, were able to reduce alum dose from 4 g/L to 2 g/L, 3 g/L and 2 g/L. However, 2 g/L moringa oleifera addition could not reduce alum dose as high removal efficiencies for most parameters were obtained at 4 g/L alum + 2 g/L moringa oleifera .


The capital city of Jakarta as the center of socio-economic activities has to maintain the stability of its economy, including the stability of staple food prices such as rice, onion, and chili prices. To make a strategic plan for anticipatory action, one of the ways is by doing forecasting. The problem in forecasting staple food prices is the fact that those staple foods have high volatility prices. It makes the conditional variance of residual become inconstant. This research applied the Hybrid ANN-GARCH model that combined Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model. This method has used to predict rice, onion, red chili, and cayenne pepper prices in Jakarta. The data divided into two categories, training and testing data. The result shows that the Hybrid ANN-GARCH model produced smaller RMSE and MAPE values than ARIMA model. Based on the accuracy value of the model, it can be concluded that Hybrid ANN-GARCH better than ARIMA in forecasting the price of the four commodities.


As early as 1848, the presence of a basement membrane was recognized by Todd and Bowman' who discussed the appearance of synovial and serous membranes. They stated that the epithelium rests "immediately on a continuous basement membrane of excessive tenuity, apparently identical with that which supports the epithelium of mucous membranes." It i s now known that the basement membrane i s one of the most ubiquitous extracellular structures of multicellular organisms. Its strategic position on the boundary between tissues of different types indicates that important functions are associated with this structure.Z The te rm "basement membrane' ' or ig i n al I y denoted a light microscopic layer more than one micron thick, situated between the epidermis and the dermis. This term was used to denote both a subepithelial reticular network of argyrophilic fibers and a homogeneous layer of polysaccharide-containing material within approximately the same region? Since a continuous, dense layer 200-3OOA thick was demonstrated ultrastructurally, the term "basement membrane" was also applied to this layer? It i s separated from the epidermal basal cells by a less dense zone, the "lamina I ~ c i d a . " ~ The term basal lamina has been used both in this paper and that of others to avoid confusion: since the term basement membrane has a different connotation in light and electron microscopy. In light microscopy the term


The article explores legislation on legal status of natural monopolies in the field of energy, court practice and the Treaty on Eurasian economic union. The meaning of principles of Energy law in regulation of activity of natural monopolies and competitive relations in the sphere of energy. Conclusion is made regarding usefulness of unification of the legislation currently in force.


This article is a result of a research aimed at getting the masters ́ degree. It is entitled  ̈ a methodological alternative to develop the oral communication based on the technical vocabulary in the third year of gastronomy services students at Jose Machado Rodriguez Polithecnical School in Manzanillo Municipality. It deals with some considerations linked to the teaching-learning process of the English Language in the context of Technical and Professional Education. It also focuses on general limitations that hinder the students ́ acquisition of knowledge and development of language skills. It is based on some 1 Profesor Instructor. Universidad de Granma. Investigador del Departamento de Lenguas Extranjeras, Cuba. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Bernardo Buduen Saborit. 74 Revista Magazine de las Ciencias. Publicación cuatrimestral. Vol. 4, Año 2019, No. 1 (Enero-Marzo) theoretical conceptions to overcome them in the English lesson, departing from psychopedagogical interpretations.


Orientation-tuned spatial filters in visual cortex are widely held to act as 'orientation detectors,' but our experiments on the perception of stationary 2-D plaids require a new view. When two sinusoidal gratings at different orientations (say 1 c/deg, plus or minus 45 deg from vertical) are superimposed to form a standard plaid they do not in general look like two sets of oblique contours (diamonds) but more like a blurred checkerboard (squares) with vertical and horizontal edges, although the Fourier components are oblique. The pattern of edges seen in this plaid and others corresponds to the zero-crossings (ZCs) in the output of a circular filter, but adaptation and masking experiments suggest that oriented filters are being summed to emulate circular filtering, before ZC analysis. At low contrasts or after adaptation to an intermediate orientation, the combination can fail or be 'broken,' and the diamond structure of the components is seen instead. Adding a low contrast 3rd harmonic to one or both components in square-wave phase also changed the plaid's appearance from squares to diamonds, but adapting to the 3rd harmonic enhanced the square appearance. Filters can evidently switch from combining across orientation to combining across spatial frequency, perhaps reflecting a preference for sharp edges. The combination stage of edge detection may involve variably weighted summing of oriented filters in monocular pathways, and the idea of 'orientation detectors' is no longer useful for understanding the perceived spatial structure of these 2-D plaid images.


This paper reports a post-hoc analysis of the influence of lexical difficulty of cue sentences on performance in an elicited imitation (EI) task to assess oral production skills for 645 child L2 English learners in instructional settings. This formed part of a large-scale investigation into effectiveness of foreign language teaching in Polish primary schools. EI item design and scoring, IRT and post-hoc lexical analysis of items is described in detail. The research aim was to resolve how much the lexical complexity of items (lexical density, morphological complexity, function word density, and sentence length) contributed to item difficulty and scores. Sentence length, as number of words, predicted better than number of syllables. Function words also contributed, and their importance to EI item construction is discussed. It is suggested that future research should examine phonological aspects of cue sentences to explain potential sources for variability. EI is shown to be a reliable and robust method for young L2 learners with potential for classroom assessment by teachers for emergent oral production skills.


Mikania micrantha H.B.K is an invasive alien weed in South China. To help understand the mechanisms of its invasiveness, we studied its seed germination ecophysiology. We found that the optimal temperatures for seed germination were 25, 30, 15/30℃ (night/day), and an ambient temperature (24-32℃). Germination percentage (GP) in dark was less than 10%, and it increased with increasing light intensity up to 700 Ix. However, GP and germination index (GI) did not change significantly when light was more than 700 and 550 lx, respectively. Germination was enhanced by white, yellow and red light more than far-red, blue, and green light. Light sensitivity and germination of seeds increased with increasing dark incubation time. Newly ripened seeds exhibited innate dormancy that was released by a two-month after-ripening period in dry storage. Except at a storage temperature of -5℃, seed GP decreased when storage time exceeded the after-ripening period, and this decrease was more pronounced from a storage temperature of 4℃ to 15℃ to ambient 24-32℃. Percentage seedling emergence was lower and slower when seeds were covered deeper in soil, and no emergence occurred when seeds were buried at 1.5 and 1.75 cm in clayey and sandy soil, respectively. With increased soil moisture content (MC) from 8% to about 20%, seedling emergence became increased and quickened. However, an MC greater than 23% reduced emergence. These responses of seed germination to various treatments indicate that this weed is well adapted to environments in South China.


With the globalization of world economy, China's electronic industry market uncertainty also increases. Real option theory is of great help for electronics industry investment risks and uncertainties in question. Since the 1990s, the real option theory in the United States began to rise. This paper first introduces real option theory and its development are briefly reviewed, then using this theory to stray into XiangCheng electronic (Dongguan) Co., LTD. ("PCB division") investment made analysis, use binary tree model of real option theory solve value of XiangCheng "PCB division", compare its results with net present value, And real option in the evaluation of project of superiority, we can see the real option theory by analyzing more reasonable. Then the new options investment theory that is suitable under uncertainty is introduced into the domestic electronic industry.


An analysis of the space processing applications payload equipment was conducted. The primary objective was to perform a review and an update of the space processing activity research equipment requirements and specifications that were derived in the first study. The analysis is based on the six major experimental classes of: (1) biological applications, (2) chemical processes in fluids, (3) crystal growth, (4) glass technology, (5) metallurgical processes, and (6) physical processes in fluids. Tables of data are prepared to show the functional requirements for the areas of investigation.


The tectonic location of Gansu Province is unique,and structural features are complex.On the basis of the results of former researchers and new progress on paleo-plate tectonics before Mesozoic,it is deemed that Gansu Province is located at convergence of such 6 plates as Siberia,Kazakhastan,Tarim,the North China,Qaidam-Qilian and Yangtze,the north to Hongshishan ophiolite zone belongs into Kazakhastan Plates,the south to Liuyuan-Daqishan-Zhangfangshan ophiolite zone into Tarim Plates,between Sibera Plates and Tarim Plates is Kazakhastan Plates,the south to A'erjin strike-slip fault,Longshoushan fault and Nanshan in north Qilian corridor-the east and middle section of Maomaoshan ophiolite zone belongs into Qaidamu-Qilian Plates,the north to Longshoushan fault and Nanshan in north Qilian corridor-the east and middle section of Maomaoshan ophiolite zone into the North China,Guanzizhen ophiolite zone in Tianshui which is in the edge of west Qinling is the boundary between Qaidamu-Qilian Plates and Yangtze Plates.12 secondary units and 22 third units are divide in terms of deep fault within plate and formation.


Ce-Co-La-O composite oxide support was prepared by a modified coprecipitation method and the Cu-based catalyst(Cu/Ce-Co-La-O) was then obtained through incipient impregnation;the performance of the Cu/Ce-Co-La-O catalyst in the selective reduction of NO with propylene in excess oxygen was investigated and the relationship between the catalyst structure and performance was explored by means of surface area measurement,X-ray diffraction(XRD),temperature-programmed reduction(H2-TPR),pyridine absorption infrared spectrum(Py-IR),thermal gravimetric analysis(TG) and scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results indicated that Co promoter can increase the amount of Brnsted acidic sites of the Cu-based catalyst and enhance its reducibility.La promoter can further increase the amount of Brnsted acidic sites and the catalyst thermal stability.Meanwhile,Ce-Co-La-O may form a sosoloid and have a synergistic effect on the catalytic performance of Cu/Ce-Co-La-O.Consequently,the Cu/Ce-Co-La-O catalyst exhibits excellent low-temperature activity and thermal stability in the selective reduction of NO;the conversion of NO reaches a maximum of 81.6% at 250 ℃ and is still 52.5% even at 600 ℃.


An increasing number of people are in need of help at home (elderly, isolated and/or disabled persons, people with mild cognitive impairment). Several solutions can be considered to provide tele-care to these people and to maintain them as long as possible at home. In recent years, we are witnessing a gradual migration of traditional telephone service network i.e. Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) world to the Internet Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). This phenomenon is playing a major role in telecommunication developments due to its advantages, operational infrastructure simplification and significant reduction in the cost of communication services that are linked to them. The likelihood of implementing a Voice and Video over IP solution will be helpful for elderly people to have connection with their families, RobotCompanion and medical professionals especially in the field of trust relationship concerning their health condition. This paper describes how VoIP solution can be used to advance communication process by means of controlling a robot machine and especially with the use of ASR system like Julius. abstract environment.


Nitrogen-15 chemical shifts and coupling constants are reported for the range of hydrazido(2–)-complexes [MX(15N15NR1R2)(dppe)2]+{X = Cl, Br, I, or HSO4; M = Mo or W; R1= H, R2= H, Me, or Et [and 15N2R1R2=15N15[graphic omitted]H2]; dppe = Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2}, [W(NCPrn)(15N15NH2)(dppe)2]HSO4, and [MX2(15N15NH2)(PMe2Ph)3](X = Cl, I, or HSO4). Nitrogen-15 n.m.r. spectroscopy is used to demonstrate the formation of hydrazido(2–)-complexes by the reaction of trans-[M(15N2)2-(dppe)2] and [M(15N2)2(dppe)(depe)](depe = Et2PCH2CH2PEt2) with HBr, and to monitor the reaction of [MoI2(15N15NH2)(PMe2Ph)3] with HI in thf to give 15NH3. Chemical shift data are also reported for the imido-complex cations [MoX(15NR)(dppe)]+(X = Cl, Br, or OMe; R = H or Me) and the nitrido-complexes [Mo(15N)(S2CNEt2)3], [MX(15N)(dppe)2], [ReCl2(15N)(PPrnPh2)2], [ReCl2(15N)(PMe2Ph)3], and [ReCl(15N)(dppe)2]Cl.


Thermolysis of Ru(IEt2Me2)(PPh3)2(CO)H2 (IEt2Me2 = 1,3-bis(ethyl)-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene) in the presence of CH2CHSiMe3 results in C−H activation of an NCH2CH2−H bond; the process can be reversed by H2 or alcohols to give different isomers of the starting dihydride complex.


Northern rock sole Lepidopsetta polyxystra females from the Kodiak Island area, Alaska, reached 50% maturity at 328 mm LT and an average age of 7 years. In contrast, southern rock sole Lepidopsetta bilineata females reached 50% maturity at 347 mm LT and an average age of 9 years. Spawning started in midwinter for northern rock sole and peaked during the spring, while spawning for southern rock sole occurred during the summer. The bottom depth for spawning northern rock sole ranged from 43 to 61 m and averaged 45 m; spawning depth for southern rock sole ranged from 35 to 120m and averaged 78m. Both species appeared to develop a single stock of oocytes and to ovulate them in a single spawning. Northern rock sole females grew faster overall (K=0.24) than southern rock sole females (K=0.12) but reached a smaller maximum length (L∞=430 mm) than southern rock sole (L∞=520mm). Males of both species grew more slowly than females after 5 years of age and reached a smaller maximum length.


Formaldehyde (HCHO) is one of the most common indoor pollutants. Long time exposure to the environment with HCHO concentration above 0.1mg/m can cause harm to human body. In order to remove HCHO efficiently, The TiO2/AC network film was prepared by loading nanometer particle TiO2 on the surface of activated carbon. The photocatalytic degradation of gaseous HCHO was performed by TiO2/AC network film under the irradiation of UV365nm, UV254nm and UV254+185nm, respectively. The results show that the adsorption of AC network and byproduct ozone (O3) oxidation simultaneously can promote the degradation of the HCHO; under the illumination of UV254+185nm, HCHO can be degraded more effectively. The produced ozone can also be degraded below 0.214 mg/m that are required by Chinese indoor air quality standard. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ISHVACCOBEE 2015.


PURPOSE: A multi-channel time schedule system and a method therefor are provided to perform a real-time service with respect to a multi-channel by delaying voice and image data to support the real-time service by a specific time or previously transmitting the voice and image data. CONSTITUTION: A data buffer unit(210) of an RNC(Radio Network Controller)(200) stores data received from a CN(Core Network)(100) in a data buffer, and confirms whether the corresponding data buffer is full or empty. A frame control unit(230) of the RNC(200) receives state information about the data buffer from the data buffer unit(210), and delays a received frame or generates a time alignment control frame about advance information. A frame control unit(130) of the CN(100) analyzes the time alignment control frame received from the RNC(200), and confirms time schedule information. A time alignment scheduler(150) of the CN(100) receives time schedule information from the frame control unit(130), and stores a pointer indicating a channel in which delay or advance is requested and time schedule information in the location of the corresponding pointer. The time alignment scheduler(150) compares corresponding time schedule information with previously stored information, and controls the transmission of data stored in a data buffer unit(110) of the CN(100) according to time analysis with respect to the corresponding channel.


The inter-coordinate transformation relation between target body coordinate and ground-based radar coordinate is defined and derived,the azimuth and the elevation of line of the sight of radar in target body coordinate are obtained in this paper.All-airspace static RCS value can be available by establishing typical stealth aircraft models,including F-22,in software FEKO and the RCS characteristic variation of the dynamic target is simulated and analyzed by using Matlab.The simulation results show that different altitudes and route shortcuts all can influence the RCS series of maneuver target,and the RCS value is lower when the target takes some proper pitch movement.Also the simulation can provide a foundation for the design of flight track for stealth aircraft in simulating active attack.


The following study depicts the economic crisis and how much it has affected the consumer's purchasing power within acquiring real estate in Thessaloniki area. At length, a survey dealing with the current prevailing situation in Thessaloniki is conducted on the real estate domain and whether the residents of this specific area have been affected negatively or not. Methodology: quantitative dada haw been collected for this study through the use of a questionnaire where the sample has been chosen with a simple and random sampling. It consists of 123 participants who are residents of Thessaloniki. Moreover, the validity and the reliability of the questionnaire have been investigated. So, the rate of the indicator was (Cronbach's a) for this questionnaire was shaped to 0,77 The closed-ended questions are on a LIKERT-type scale so to restrict alternative answers and to facilitate their codification and analysis on SPSS 21..
Results: Almost half of the respondent tend to agree that the economic crisis makes the purchase of a home impossible (43,6%) and that the future is uncertain (57,7%) although they seemed to agree that they would desire a house of their own (65,8%) it is also important that the participants tended to agree that the abundance of real estate's offers causes a decline in their price and that the lack of cash flow is one of the main reasons why the credit institutions do not provide residential loans. Finally, the majority of those inquires consider that the state and the policies it enforces worsen the crisis in the real estate market. Conclusion: All in all, the study findings denote that the economic crisis has affected investment preferences concerning both the size and the value of the desirable residence. In addition, the oversupply of the real estate market has provoked price decline in dwelling since it exceeds demand and finally, the constant tax reforms act as a limiting factor towards the purchasing of a real estate.


The method and technological conditions for extraction of extract procyanidins from Caribbean pine bark were systema-tically investigated.Three different extraction methods,including conventional solvent extraction,ultrasonic wave extraction and microwave-assisted extraction were compared.The results indicated that the extraction yield of procyanidins was highest when 70 % ethanol was used as solvent.Ultrasonic wave extraction and microwave-assisted extraction are better among the three extraction methods.Ultrasonic wave extraction can get a high yield in a short-time extraction process.However in microwave-assisted extraction the solvent extraction time after the effect of microwave should be prolonged to obtain a high extraction yield.For ultrasonic wave extraction,the optimum conditions were as follows:extraction temperature 50 ℃,ultrasonic wave power 100 W,the ratio of raw materials to ethanol 1∶11,and extraction time 1.5 h.The optimum conditions of microwave-assisted extraction were microwave power 200 W,radiation time with microwave 30 s,the ratio of solid to liquid 1∶11,extraction temperature 50 ℃,and extraction time 6 h.As the results,the yields of procyanidins from Caribbean pine bark were 7.47 % and 7.69 % respectively under above conditions.


Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease affecting the mucosa in the colon. Despite significant progress and expansion of the therapeutic armamentarium for UC, there are currently no curative medications available and some cases require colectomy. In this communication, we report the case of a 38 years old male patients with a five-year history of UC who had involvement of the entire colon and was medically refractory. The patient had received treatment with steroids, mesalazine, infliximab, and adalimumab, but failed to achieve remission in the process. He had non-remitting symptoms with endoscopic and histologic evidence of severe disease, and experienced episodes of significant lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Ultimately, the patient was advised to undergo colectomy, but he refused; instead, he adopted a lifestyle modification approach—the health triangle method. In short, this approach emphasizes three aspects of nutrition, use of herbal medicines, and interventions (called aamal-e-yadavi in Traditional Iranian Medicine) like oiling, cupping, and phlebotomy (hejamat). These interventions can improve the cellular energy balance and truly cure the autoimmune disease if adopted over the long term. After three years, the patient reported substantial improvement in symptoms, and the colonoscopy and Case Study Akbari and Ramezani; JPRI, 33(3): 54-58, 2021; Article no.JPRI.64998 55 histology showed evidence of remission. This case indicated the potential efficacy and safety of complementary and alternative approaches in patients with UC; however, the health triangle method needs to be investigated in randomized controlled trials.


This study examined gender, seasonal and school versus after-school timedifferences in physical activity levels assessed by pedometer. Year 6 primary school children (n= 256) wore pedometers for five days in winterand for the same period of time in the summer. Two-way analysis of varianceshowed that boys acquired significantly higher mean daily step counts than girls in winter (15,480 ± 4153 vs 11,160 ± 2694), and summer (17,624 ± 5035 vs 13,607 ± 4396). Children's mean dailystep counts were significantly higher in summer than in winter. Children attained significantly higher mean step counts during after-school time than during school time. No significant differences could be found between activity levels on school days or on Sundays. Expected daily step counts are utilized to describe the physical activity levels of the children.