Two aspects of the surface evaluation of bright finished aluminum sheet are discussed. The first section of this paper addresses the relationship of optical gloss to surface roughness provided by first-order light scattering theory and the use of this relationship in characterising the surface roughness of bright aluminum sheet from optical gloss measurements. The second part of this paper examines the attributes of Nomarski DIC microscopy for identifying defects on bright-rolled aluminum surfaces. Comparisons are made between DIC micrographs of a typical surface area containing defects and 3-dimensional microtopographical data generated from identical areas by contact profilometry.


This article is devoted to the inclusive education in Kazakhstan. Particularly, the educational model «Inclusion» used for education of disabled-children is presented. Especial attention is paid to the principle which determines the opportunity of people with disabilities to use the facilities of organization or services, with the same ease as an ordinary healthy person. Also, the materials of the article provide general information about inclusion in educational system of Kazakhstan, its stages and advantages.


Aim: Anemia is considered a common symptom in cancer patients. Its prevalence is high and results in decreased functional capacity and quality of life (QoL). Our investigation focuses on the high impact of anemia on the QoL of anemic cancer patients, and finds an association of age, gender, type of cancer, severity of anemia and treatment status in relation to various QoL aspects. Patients and Methods: 80 patients were enrolled and asked to fill in a QoL questionnaire (QLQ-C30) validated by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). T-test, ANOVA, post Hoc test and linear regressions were performed using the QoL scores to find correlations and associations among the various factors. Results: Patients aged ≥60 years reported better QoL and social functioning. Healthier cognitive functioning was significant with gynecological malignancies. Global health status assessment showed poor QoL scores (32.8±15.6). Fatigue, pain and financial impact of the disease were found to be affecting the patients' overall QoL as seen from high symptom scores. Life-threatening anemic cases reported the worst QoL and least scores for physical, role, cognitive and emotional functioning compared to that of mild and severe cases, indicating a strong association between hemoglobin levels and QoL. Conclusion: It was evident from our observations that the low QoL of anemic cancer patients was largely due to disease burden, low hemoglobin levels and fatigue. Hence it is crucial to consider these and offer guidelines for management of low QoL and improve the anemic conditions for the wellbeing of the patient.


The invention discloses a low-fluctuation permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electric automobile, and relates to the technical field of motors. The low-fluctuation permanent magnet synchronous motor for the electric automobile solves the technical problem of reduction of magnetic resistance torque and tooth groove torque fluctuation. The low-fluctuation permanent magnet synchronous motor comprises a stator and a rotor. A plurality of stator grooves and a plurality of stator teeth are formed in the inner circle of the stator alternately, the ends, facing the rotor, of the stator teeth are tooth ends of the stator teeth, the end faces of the tooth ends of the stator teeth are tooth faces of the stator teeth, the tooth faces of the stator teeth are arc faces with the arc center facing the rotor, and the axis of each arc center is parallel to the center axis of the rotor; the radial cross sections of the stator teeth are characterized in that the radial cross section of each stator tooth is divided into two symmetrical halves through a virtual straight line passing through the axis of the rotor, and the virtual straight line is the tooth end center line of each stator tooth; the edge portion of the tooth face of each stator tooth is beveled along another virtual straight line, the virtual straight lines are the tooth end bevelment lines of the stator teeth, and the tooth end center lines of the stator teeth are perpendicular to the tooth end bevelment lines. The low-fluctuation permanent magnet synchronous motor is especially applicable to electric automobiles.


With rising levels of food and livelihood insecurity among poor farmers, many developing members at the WTO are demanding special safeguard mechanism (SSM) for shielding their agriculture from import surges and price declines. Most of developing members do not have any trade instrument under the WTO to address it except by increasing the applied tariff to bound level. Similar to special agricultural safeguards (SSGs) which is available only to few members, SSM seeks to provide flexibility to developing members to breach the bound tariff in special cases of import surges and price dips in order to minimize its adverse impact. In this context, this study identifies the agricultural products facing import surges in selected developing members namely Ghana, India, Indonesia, Namibia, Philippines, Senegal, Sri Lanka, and Turkey. The uniqueness of this study is derived from the fact that it also evaluates the policy space available to selected members on these tariff lines in terms of tariff overhang under their existing schedules as well as proposed tariff reductions under agriculture negotiations. Beside this, it critically scrutinizes various issues such as cross-check conditions, triggers and remedies in order to highlight the sensitivities of developing members in accessibility, effectiveness, and other technical aspects of this mechanism. The study identifies some of the provisions contained in the most recent version of the negotiating texts which could render the SSM an ineffective policy instrument and difficult to operationalise.


Introduction: External fixators are frequently used for stabilization and treatment of problematic fractures. Pintrack infections cause complications such as osteomyelitis and loss of stability of osteosynthesis. It remains unclear, whether pintrack infection provokes pin loosening, or loss of the pin stability results in pintrack infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the mechanical stability of pins, the incidence of pin track infections and the osseus anchorage of pins. Methods: 27 sheep received an external fixator with 6 Schanz screws (pins). Pin insertion and extraction torque was measured and radiographs were taken postoperatively and postmortem. The daily pin care routine included scoring the pin entries. The animals were sacrificed after 3, 6 and 9 weeks. The pins were analysed microbiologically (incidence of infection: ≥103 colony forming units (CFU)) and histologically. The x-rays and histological slices were scored. Results: Histomorphometrically, the largest callus area and the highest mineralised bone-fraction was found at 6 weeks. The bone density of the periosteal callus increased over time. The cortical bone density decreased over time. The relative extraction torque increased over the course of healing (3w: 53.4% ± 7.1%, w: 61.8% ± 20.7%; 9w: 84.0% ± 44.9% of insertion torque). 5% of 108 pins showed clinical signs of infection; the microbiologically detected infection rate was 3 times higher. Radiologically, 22% of 104 pins showed osteolysis in the cortex (entry or exit), 4% showed medium osteolysis and 2% revealed severe osteolysis along the complete pintrack. An accumulation of pintrack infections (75 %) and the incidence of osteolyses (47% of all osteolyses) were found at 6 weeks. The most severe osteolyses were found at 9 weeks. The histological grading revealed the best results for the earliest time point compared to the latter ones. Discussion: This study reveals an increasing stability of osseous pin-anchorage over the course of healing. As the cortical bone density decreased over time, the increased anchorage-stability can only be explained satisfactorily by the increase of the periosteal callus bone density. The periosteal callus, biggest at 6 weeks, determines the magnitude of extraction force. In contrast to clinical studies, a very low percentage of pintrack infections was observed in this study. However, the microbiologically affirmed infection rate was three times higher than clinically ascertained. The evidence of osteolyses was twice as high as the microbiological infection-rate. The low infection-rate could not prevent evidence of cortical lyses. No correlation was found between infections, osteolyses and pin loosening. Callus formation seems to be essential in pin fixation and should be supported to prevent pin loosening. Targeting only cortical anchorage may fail to avoid pin loosening in external fixation.


The term "appropriate parameters" signifies the correct choice of values has considerable effect on the performance that directs the search process towards the global optima. The performance typically is measured considering both quality of the results obtained and time requires in finding them. A genetic algorithm is a search and optimization technique, whose performance largely depends on various factors – if not tuned appropriately, difficult to get global optima. This paper describes the applicability of orthogonal array and Taguchi approach in tuning the genetic algorithm parameters. The domain of inquiry is grammatical inference has a wide range of applications. The optimal conditions were obtained corresponding to performance and the quality of results with reduced cost and variability. The primary objective of conducting this study is to identify the appropriate parameter setting by which overall performance and quality of results can be enhanced. In addition, a systematic discussion presented will be helpful for researchers in conducting parameters quantification for other algorithms.


We proposed a scheme for the implementation of a "self-contained" quantum refrigerator system by three rf-SQUID qubits, or rather, flux-biased phase qubits. The three qubits play the role of the target, the refrigerator and the heat engine, respectively. We provide the three qubits with different effective temperatures, by imposing external current noises of different strengths. When the effective temperatures satisfy proper conditions, the target qubit could be cooled down. We also show that the efficiency of this system approaches the Carnot upper bound.


Background: Children are known to be less infected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rather than adults. However, children are still a vulnerable group and the incidence of patients admitted to hospital continues to increase. As Indonesia's district has limited resources during pandemic wave, the data on pandemic cases was still underreported especially cases of children.Methods: This retrospective observational study collected data on pediatric case aged 0 – 18 years old, who were hospitalized at dr. Soebandi Hospital, Jember, Indonesia and confirmed to have COVID-19, from March 2020 to the end of March 2021.Results: 40 children were hospitalized and confirmed COVID-19 during the study period, the majority aged 15 – 18 years (40%), male (65%), and had a history of contact (67.5%). The most common symptoms were cough (85%), fever (67.5%), and shortness of breath (40%). Laboratory results showed that the majority had decreased neutrophils and increased lymphocytes, while most of the patient had normal chest X-rays (52.5%). From 5 pediatric patients who had multimorbidity, 4 patients died. All four had common underweight clinical morbidity, while acute respiratory distress syndrome was dominated the cause of death. The mortality rate in this study reached 10%.Conclusion: The majority of pediatric patients were found to have mild to moderate symptoms with good outcomes. Case mortality rate in this study was lower than national data. Meanwhile, the underweight comorbid in children with COVID-19 was worsening the outcome in this study.


Using the research methods of literature,experimental comparison,the paper studies the relationships between rural female residents'body composition and age variation,and discusses the distribution and variation law of body fat content.


It is a well-known fact that, according to their dosage, substances can be metabolized in the animal body to different products. Even after administration of unphysiologically high doses of normal food ingredients, metabolic reactions may occur which do not take place under normal conditions and must be ascribed to detoxication reactions. Such reactions must be considered especially when high doses of substances are administered which are normally present in the food in very small quantities, as for instance vitamins, or which occur as intermediary metabolites. Obviously, when experiments with such substances are carried out under physiological conditions and only very small doses are administered, it may be difficult to demonstrate and identify metabolites. It is known that thiamine is converted to thiamine diphosphate in the animal body, and that this derivative is the coenzyme of pyruvate decarboxylase and of transketolase. A. Rossi-Fanelli et al.,l K. H. Kiessling2 and, later, other authors have pointed out that, in addition to thiamine diphosphate, thiamine triphosphate is present in organs such as liver, kidney, and brain; the function of this metabolite, however, is not yet absolutely clear. It does not appear to act as a coenzyme of pyruvate decarboxylase and transketolase.3-6 On the other hand, it was reported that thiamine triphosphate, like adenosine triphosphate, is hydrolyzed to phosphate and thiamine diphosphate by myosin.6 In addition, it was shown that thiamine triphosphate is used as phosphate donator for the phosphorylation of glucose? In addition to thiamine diphosphate and thiamine triphosphate, thiamine monophosphate was found by H. P. Gurtner8 in peripheral nerves. The forms present in greatest quantity were thiamine diand monophosphate. The experiments reported below were carried out to obtain more information on the possible role of thiamine triphosphate or other metabolites of thiamine.


To determine the clinical significance of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), anticardiolipin (aCL) (IgG and IgM) and lupus anticoagulant (LA) were sought at diagnosis in 215 ITP adults with platelets <50 × 109/l. aPL (aCL and/or LA) were detected in 55 patients (26%): aCL alone in 39 (18%), aCL and LA in 15 (7%) and LA alone in one (0·5%). LA was significantly associated with high IgG‐aCL levels (P = 0·001). Among age, sex, initial platelet count, bleeding score, acute or chronic ITP outcome, only younger age was significantly associated with LA‐positivity (mean age 29 ± 14 years vs. 45 ± 20 years, P = 0·002). After a median follow‐up of 31 months, 14/215 (7%) patients developed thrombosis (four arterial, 10 venous and/or pulmonary embolism); four of them (29%) had high aCL levels and LA. Multivariate analysis significantly associated thrombosis events only with age [hazard ratio (HR) = 1·6; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1·2–2·4], LA (HR: 9·9; 95% CI: 2·3–43·4) or high IgG‐aCL level (HR: 7·5; 95% CI; 1·8–31·5). Although the thrombosis rate was low, the significant associations between thrombosis and LA or high aCL level suggest that aPL should be tested at ITP diagnosis.


During the welding of steel-plated structures, geometric distortions and residual stresses are developed. The influence of welding-induced geometric distortions and residual stresses on the compressive ultimate strength in longitudinal direction of plates and stiffened panels were investigated using nonlinear finite element analyses considering a range of plate thicknesses with various levels of residual stresses. The residual stresses in plates and stiffened panels have been modelled carefully and their effects on these structures due to welding-induced imperfections only are studied. The results and insights observed from the current study are presented.


Ketenes contain the functional group CCO. They have been classified as aldoketenes and ketoketenes. The ketenes are prepared by modifications of the general methods for the synthesis of olefins. The ketenes are much more reactive than simple olefins, however, and are more likely to enter into combination with the reagents from wich they are prepared or with solvents used or into self-condensation to yield dimers or polymers, Many of the aldoketenes, which are generally more reactive than ketoketenes, have not been isolated as the pure monomers. The dimers of aldoketenes have some of the properties of ketenes and some are useful.

Keywords:

ketenes;
Ketene dimers;
malonic acid derivatives;
ketoketenes;
dehalogenation;
haloacyl halides;
regeneration;
experimental procedures


We have concluded that with a router using MMTH the power consumption is associated with the bit change rate of the data, and when NAS parallel benchmarks work on NoC, it is reduced by 42.4% on average at 2GHz compared with a traditional FIFO implementation. The performance degradation caused by the delay of the reading time can be mostly saved by the look-ahead technique in the router.


Ausferweil (I), in 1946, discussed the aroma materials of wines in general, and~ suggested, in particular, fhaf the aroma of the muscat grape Fills vinifera L could be cluplicafed by adding linalobl and linalyl acetate mixed in varying proportions with i l ambrekfolide', a l dissolved in an exfraci of elder flowers fo neutral-flavored wines. In 1956, Cordonnier (2) reported on an extensive project fo differentiate between authentic muscat wines and non-muscat wines fo which aroma extracts had been added. By a thin-layer chromatographic technique he was able fo demonstrate significant differences between petroleum ether extracts of authentic muscat and extracts from non-muscat wines fo which either coriander or elder flowers had been added. Although the exact nature of the aroma materials was not deferminect, the Rf and the color produced on spraying v/ikh conc.enfrafed sulfuric acid suggested ihaf the linalobl might be a component of the muscat aroma. In 1957, Webb and Kepner (6) reported an exhaustive study of the volatile materials obtainable from Muscat of Alexandria grapes. No ferpene compounds were defected, probably because they decomposed during the lengthy heating of the extracts during fractional distil afion. Stevens and co-work,ers (5), in 1965, reported a detailed analysis of the


This chapter explores Armstrong's quartet's theme song, "My Brazilian Beauty": a tune that is based upon a cycle of fifths chord progression that would become known as the "ragtime progression." The actual title of the song was "Down on the Amazon" (1903). The chord progression is based on a series of dominant-seventh chords. The relationship between these chords and the barbershop "super seventh," nineteenth century romantic composition, and what theorists describe as "funnel tonality" is discussed.


Purpose: To explore the etiologic role of HPV infection in esophageal carcinoma, the association of HPV-16 E6 with the nuclear matrix of carcinoma cells was investigated. Methods: Two esophageal carcinoma cell lines, EC/CUHK1 and EC/CUHK2, were tested for HPV-16 E6 subgenic fragment by using polymerase chain reaction amplification of virus DNA associated nuclear matrix. RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry were used to visualize the expression of E6 subgene in the cells. Results: The HPV-16 E6 subgenic fragment were found to be present in nuclear matrix-associated DNA, E6 oncoprotein localized in the nucleus where it tightly associate with nuclear matrix after sequential extraction in EC/CUHK2 cells. This phenomenon was not detec-{ted,} however, in EC/CUHK1 cells. Conclusion: The interaction between HPV-16 E6 and nuclear matrix may contribute to the viral induced carcinogenesis in esophageal carcinoma cell line EC/CUHK2.


An experimental setup for complex mono-static radar cross section (RCS) measurements in the 1-10-GHz-frequency band, employing a suitably modified semianechoic chamber, is presented and characterized. The foreseen application is the measurement of the complex RCS of the human body during respiratory activity, to ease the design and optimization of ultrawideband (UWB) radar systems for breath-activity monitoring. The proposed RCS test range is calibrated by means of a readily available aluminum flat panel and its performance is tested against canonical targets, evaluating uncertainty in magnitude, and phase measurements. The setup is then employed to carry out investigations on the complex RCS of a volunteer, focusing on its changes resulting from breath activity. Applying the measured RCS patterns to a specifically developed model, the feasibility of the UWB radar approach for achieving a continuous contact-less monitoring of breath activity in a subject at rest is clearly demonstrated. Finally, experimental tests of the application of the proposed radar technique to real-world scenarios are shown, and the safety of RCS measurements and UWB radar monitoring, with reference to exposure of the monitored subject to the radiated electromagnetic fields, is evaluated.


Evaluating groin pain still evades many clinicians with at times difficulty in determining the cause of pain when no true hernia exists. This study's aim was to evaluate a simple and novel scoring system which is reproducible, to help determine whether conservative measures or surgery is recommended for the management of groin pain attributable to inguinal disruption.

 A retrospective analysis of all patients from 2018 - 2020 that underwent surgery or conservative management for inguinal disruption with at least a 1 year follow up were evaluated. The scoring system is based on MRI and ultrasound imaging as well as clinical findings, with scores given from -2 to +2 based on the defined findings listed. Sensitivity and specificity analysis was conducted for each potential score cut off point.

 A total of 172 patients were evaluated with 33 patients (19%) undergoing conservative management and 139 patients (81%) undergoing surgery. The mean SPoRT score of the physiotherapy group was statistically significantly lower than that of the surgery group (-1.33 vs 1.84, p = 3.55 x 10-25). An optimal cut off of ≤ 0 for physio and ≥ 1 for surgery was established, yielding a sensitivity of 90.9% (95% CI: 75.7% - 0.981%), a specificity of 89.2% (95% CI: 82.8% - 93.8%) and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9356 (95% CI: 0.874 – 0.997).

 SPoRT score of ≤ 0 can recommend a patient should undergo conservative measures or physiotherapy as a mainstay of treatment with a score of ≥ 1 recommending surgery.


In Brazil, the sector of agribusiness suffers with the lack of infrastructure for the production outflow and as transportation costs increase, they affect its competitiveness in the world scenario. In this work, an optimization model was developed to support decision-making to soybeans transport for export, in regions in the state of Para (Brazil) near to Tocantins-Araguaia waterway. The study applied a Linear Programming model, adopting the transport problem, in search of minimizing the costs of alternative routes, restricted to the respective supply and demand limitations. The model aimed to minimize the transport costs from the production centers to the exporting port, through the current infrastructure and suggesting the road and waterway intermodal alternative by means of the interior navigation, considering diverse points for transshipment. The results showed a cost reduction for production outflow in the base year of the study when the intermodal transport was used. Furthermore, the new routes only by waterway created a new transport network configuration, decreasing the road distances for the municipalities production outflow, supporting the increasing of competitiveness of the state, as well as providing wealth generation in the region.


In order to make science more appealing to students, it is imperative that a real-world approach to the principles of chemistry be taught in the classroom enabling students to see the applicability of chemistry to their everyday lives. In this laboratory activity, students were asked to bring in everyday food items that contain food dyes. The students then synthesized the FD&C dyes yellow 5 and yellow 6. The dyes were then run, along with their food items, on a TLC plate in order to determine what dyes were present in the foods and drinks they consume.


As urban and suburban populations grow, the urban fringe has expanded into once-remote forests. With this growth, the complexity and cost associated with harvesting have increased, along with public disputes and the potential for legal actions. To better identify and understand forest border residents' interests and concerns about harvest activities, residents of the McDonald Forest Estates (a neighborhood bordering the Oregon State University Research Forest) were consulted and surveyed prior to a proposed harvest. Results show interesting patterns of preferences for specific harvest treatments and illustrate the more general issues that concern border residents, including buffers, duration of activities, safety, regrowth, and impacts on recreation and aesthetics.


Value stream mapping (VSM) was initially developed to use of the suite of tools to help researcher or practitioner to identify waste in individual value streams and find an appropriate method to its removal. The process itself is simple and straightforward is used to identify waste using lean manufacturing technique, determined causes of the waste through the value stream mapping method and to propose solution to improve workplace environment. In this project is made an attempt to computerize the process though the application of VSM. Computerize value stream system is basically a method which is an internet networking system combining traditional concept of value stream mapping method to be used at manufacturing company to reduce wastes. This paper summarizes the way to develop an internet, online and network based of an efficient computerize value stream system to improve operation value of the manufacturing company. This paper reviews the design of package that will replace the manual method of doing VSM. This package will be applied in a real shop floor environment.


The aim of this study is to develop surrogate models for quick, accurate prediction of thrust forces generated through flapping fin propulsion for given operating conditions and fin geometries. Different network architectures and configurations are explored to model the training data separately for the lead fin and rear fin of a tandem fin setup. We progressively improve the data representation of the input parameter space for model predictions. The models are tested on three unseen fin geometries and the predictions validated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) data. Finally, the orders of magnitude gains in computational performance of these surrogate models, compared to experimental and CFD runs, vs their tradeoff with accuracy is discussed within the context of this tandem fin configuration.


References ^avison, E.J., "A Method for Simplifying Linear Dynamic Systems," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol. AC-11, 1966, pp. 93-101. Chen, C.F. and Shieh, L.S., "A Novel Approach to Linear Model Simplifications," International Journal of Control, Vol. 8, 1968, pp. 561-570. Rao, S.V. and Lamba, S.S., "A New Frequency-Domain Technique for the Simplification of Linear Dynamic Systems," International Journal of Control Vol. 20, 1974, pp. 71-79. Reddy, A.S.S.R., "A Method for Frequency Domain Simplification of Transfer Functions," International Journal of Control, Vol. 23, 1976, pp. 403-409. 5 Parthasarthy, R. and Jayashimha, K.N., "System Reduction Using Stability-Equation Method and Modified Cauer Continued Fraction," Proceedings IEEE, Vol. 70, 1982, pp. 1234-1236. Lepschy, A., Mian, G., and Viaro, U., "Frequency Domain Approach to Model Reduction Problems," Electron Letters, Vol. 18, 1982, pp. 829-830.


We are in an era of fast-paced telecommunications, where faxes, e-mails, cell phones and messaging services have all but replaced what is quickly becoming a lost art: letter writing. People in general are rarely exposed to letter writing on a personal level and may never experience the captivating power of written words in this format. I felt it was necessary to demonstrate the value of written letters with my students and to make an attempt to resurrect this fading practice. My focus while working on this with my students was process and product oriented. In other words, the research component was just as integral to the successful implementation of this project as the letters students would ultimately compose. I needed a context in which to introduce this practice, one that would prove to be significant, intriguing, and hopefully unforgettable in nature. My American history classes were studying the Civil War, and I saw this as the perfect opportunity to introduce letter writing into the curriculum. The year 2003 was Ohio's bicentennial year, and at the time I thought it would be interesting to concentrate on some of the lesser-known individuals from our state and their role in the Civil War. Therefore, we focused on letters authored by Ohio soldiers during the conflict. Primary Sources That Work Before describing the Civil War letter-writing project, I would like to make a clarification regarding primary sources. Too often, primary sources are perceived as long, dry, boring documents that students will never even look at, let alone read. Some educators may espouse this unfortunate misconception as well, based on past exposure to such materials. As a result, valuable resources that serve as highly effective teaching tools go unused. I realize many educators are avid proponents of primary sources and have great success utilizing them in their classrooms. This project is geared toward those social studies teachers and to those educators not quite convinced of what these materials can offer. My approach to teaching history has always been one of connecting students to the past so it becomes relevant and more interesting to them. My goal is to replace cold facts and dates with personal touches that bring the subject to life, if only for a short while. As Ken Burns noted in a foreword he wrote for Ordinary Americans. We must in our historical excavations be more like emotional archaeologists than clinical scientists, exposing to modern air not just the dry facts of life before us, but the moving undercurrent of real human affections and failings. History, especially personal, ordinary Americans' kind of history ... is alive, breathing, contemporary. This is the way history should be told. (1) I enjoy using primary sources as supplemental materials to enhance classroom studies. Always excited and fascinated by the wealth of documentation related to average people and their role in history, I desired to convey this enthusiasm to my students. In this "bottom up" approach to learning history, students acquire a better understanding and appreciation for what is being covered because in essence they are able to find themselves in the past. Once this connection is established, research and learning take precedence over questions about relevance or comments about boredom. The desire to find out more information supersedes all else. When primary sources are used effectively, students generally take over and run with them. This is integral to attaining and maintaining a scholarly atmosphere. Furthermore, students often cannot get enough and seek to discover more information related to what's being covered. This spawns a reciprocal process, as pupils become "teachers" sharing newly acquired knowledge; we learn from each other. In this manner, a higher value is placed on what is learned because ownership of the project is in the student's hands. …


Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effect of surgical wide excision and amniotic membrane transplantation with adjuvant mitomycin C 0.04% eye drops on recurrent conjunctival–corneal intraepithelial neoplasia (CCIN). Methods: The authors applied amniotic membrane transplantation after total surgical excision of a tumor to a patient with recurrent conjunctival–corneal intraepithelial neoplasia. The tumor co-existed as a conjunctival lesion and corneal opacity. After one week, the patient received mitomycin C 0.04% eye drops four times a day for one month to prevent recurrence. Ocular complications and recurrence were evaluated under slit lamp microscopy for one year. Results: Corneal epithelium completely healed within one week after the surgery. Both conjunctival and corneal lesions were completely regressed and no recurrence has been found with follow-up to 24 months. Conclusions: Surgical wide excision and amniotic membrane transplantation with adjuvant topical MMC would be an effective treatment modality for treatment of recurrent CCIN.


We consider the anomalous dimensions of restricted Schur polynomials constructed using $n\ensuremath{\sim}O(N)$ complex adjoint scalars $Z$ and $m$ complex adjoint scalars $Y$. We fix $m\ensuremath{\ll}n$ so that our operators are almost half Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield. At leading order in $\frac{m}{n}$ this system corresponds to a dilute gas of $m$ free magnons. Adding the first correction of order $\frac{m}{n}$ to the anomalous dimension, which arises at two loops, we find nonzero magnon interactions. The form of this new operator mixing is studied in detail for a system of two giant gravitons with four strings attached.


Doctors without appropriate insurance or indemnity cover could have their licence to practise removed, the General Medical Council has said.

The GMC has proposed changes that would award it new powers to withdraw doctors' licences if they failed to have appropriate indemnity cover for "liabilities incurred in their practice."1 Doctors are also at risk of losing their licence if they cannot provide evidence or information that proves that they have such cover in place, the GMC said.

"The new regulations …


Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD, TMJD) is one of the most common dental diseases. The study of the prevalence of TMD in our country and abroad found a significant variability from 12 to 75%.[1-5] Most researchers hold a theory of multifactorial nature of TMJD. At the same time, many authors agree that the occurrence of TMJD is largely due to such predisposing causes as anatomical features of the structure of this joint. However, the individual characteristics of TMJ structure (a significant difference in the shape of the mandibular fossa and the head of mandible, the non-significance of the mandibular fossa, the small size of the head of mandible, and the flattened or stressed convex-concave shape of the articular disc) significantly exacerbate the course of dysfunction if there are any etiologic factors.[6,7]


This study focuses on the development of the Mexican capital urban region over the last 50 years with particular attention given to the new phenomenon of revived growth of medium-sized cities. The author relates these changed urbanization patterns to the economic crises Mexico has faced in recent years. (ANNOTATION)


We - the trouble with words me - something inside them - is there anyone out there? is - telling stories finale.


Changes in extracellular pH (pHo) are common events associated with both physiological conditions and pathological states in brain function. Neuronal activity is associated with extracellular alkalinization and a rapid intracellular acidification whereas significant changes of pHo have also been observed during seizures and spreading depression. In the present study we have investigated regulation of V‐ATPase in hippocampal neurons following metabolic‐induced and activity‐dependent extracellular acid‐base changes. Therefore, dissociated primary hippocampal neurons and organotypic slice cultures have been used as experimental models in vitro. The results show differential regulation mechanisms of V‐ATPase depending on the cause of pathological stimulus. Metabolic acidosis caused translocation of V‐ATPase from intracellular pools towards the membrane, and increased V‐ATPase membrane expression. Acidosis‐induced V‐ATPase redistribution was mainly controlled by Rab11b, as assessed by loss‐of‐function experiments. In contrast, activity‐dependent acidosis resulted in both transcriptional and post‐translational V‐ATPase regulation in hippocampal neurons. The data suggest translolation of V‐ATPase as regulatory mechanism in neurons to cope with changes of pH and provide first evidence for a molecular mechanism underlying transporter trafficking in neurons.


Review article of Frederick Schauer, The Force of Law, Cambridge, Mass . Harvard UP 2015; Allen Buchanan, The Heart of Human Rights, New York, Oxford UP 2013; Samuel Moyn, Human Rights and the Uses of History, New York, Verso 2014; Brian Tierney, Liberty and Law. The Idea of Permissive Natural Law, 1100-1800, Washington, CUA Press 2014 . There has been much talk about revisionism in the history of human rights recently . Most often this term has been associated with Samuel Moyn and his book The Last Utopia . Apart from that the label "new histories of human rights" has also appeared in connection with two conferences taking place in the USA in 2015 .1 What is new about these new histories? In his influential book Moyn rejects the triumphalism of old-style narratives about human rights and argues that real human rights did not appear until the 1970s . Before that, the noble idea had only been abused to protect national states and their sinister interest . To be honest, I do not see much difference between Moyn's alleged revisionism and the enthusiastic language of older human rights histories . The developments in "new democracies" in Eastern Europe after 1989 and the Middle East after 2010 should have warned us that enthusiasm is a very misleading guide, and imitating the American rights-talk does not solve any of the difficult issues of a just political order in a real world . If the idea of human rights is to be of any help in maintaining democracies, it would be more appropriate to require more realism and less enthusiasm in histories of human rights . For I believe that if historiography is to make a meaningful contribution to the study of the phenomenon we call human rights, it has to turn away from illusionary approaches to realism .


The use of Thought Field Therapy (TFT), a brief therapy technique, is examined in a randomized controlled study, to determine if there is a significant difference in the reduction of trauma symptoms between the treated group and the untreated group. Study participants in the waitlist group received treatment after having completing the posttest. Prior to the study, TFT techniques were taught to Rwandan community leaders, who then provided one-time individual trauma-focused TFT interventions to one hundred and sixty four adult survivors of the 1994 Rwandan genocide in their native language, Kinyarwanda. Pre- and post-intervention assessments of trauma symptoms used were the Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI) and the Modified Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale (MPSS) translated into Kinyarwanda. Significant differences were found in trauma symptoms and level of PTSD symptom severity and frequency between the treatment and the waitlist control groups. Participants in the waitlist group experienced significant reductions in trauma symptoms following their subsequent treatments, which took place after the first posttest. These positive outcomes suggest that a one-time, community leader facilitated trauma-focused TFT intervention may be beneficial with protracted PTSD in genocide survivors.


Data augmentation techniques have been focused in recent research as they hold the promise to reduce the need for extensive data acquisition and to enable systematic sampling, e.g., in order to examine underrepresented cases. The question of how and to what extent control over the result is possible and necessary is still open. We propose a novel system for license plate substitution in the wild, which replaces a given license plate within an image crop by another one with a customized pattern. The system is based on a CycleGAN architecture, which respects the plate's pose and dominant image features, such as lighting and image sharpness. Most importantly the system is trained on a set of license plate crops without requiring any label information. We demonstrate the validity of our approach in two sets of experiments: First, a license plate recognition system is trained and evaluated with varying amounts and ratios of synthetic over real-life data, and second, the realism of image features is verified by means of a human acceptance study as well as the Fréchet Inception Distance.


The determination of inflation is one of many examples in which economic outcomes are driven by an intricate interaction between private expectations and government policy. In these instances, achieving a good equilibrium outcome (e.g., low and stable inflation) requires the policymaker to adopt rules that are not only compatible with the desired outcome, but that also avoid the existence of different equilibria: it is a problem of strict implementation. Recently, some solutions to the implementation problem have generated a heated debate, spurred by a surprising disagreement on setting apart equilibrium conditions from restrictions on government policy that must hold under all contingencies. An example of this is the controversy over the fiscal theory of the price level. In this paper, we consider an even more paradoxical case, namely, the zero bound on nominal interest rates. While most people view the bound to be a constraint on monetary policy, which cannot be violated under any contingency, the traditional macroeconomic models, based on a notion of competitive equilibrium adapted for the presence of a big player, make it equally possible to interpret the zero bound as an equilibrium condition. Indeed, negative nominal ∗Department of Economics, University of Minnesota, 271 19th Ave. S., Minneapolis, MN 55455, and Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. I thank V.V. Chari, Mariacristina De Nardi, Vadym Lepetyuk and Chris Phelan for valuable comments. Financial support from NSF is gratefully acknowledged. The views expressed herein are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, the Federal Reserve System or NSF. This is a more detailed version of the paper forthcoming in the 2004 AEA Papers and Proceedings. See e.g., Woodford [10], Sims [9], Kocherlakota and Phelan [4], Bassetto [2]. Schmitt-Grohé and Uribe [7] study a coherent model based on the assumption that it is possible for the


A very hopeful sign of the present day is the earnest, desire for Christian union. Many splits that had oceurred in English Methodism have been healed, while in Canada and Australia the whole of Methodists stand shoulder to shoulder. Family quarrels among Presbyterians have been made up, two sets of English Baptists with widely different origins have merged into one. Now in every important English town will be found a Free Church Council, where representatives of these communions meet, with others from the Congregationalists, to consult and plan for God's work. And commissions are sitting to consider whether any closer federal union is possible. Since 1905 there has been a corresponding movement in America, and last December the third meeting of the "Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America" was held at St. Louis. It is not surprising, to those who know anything of the South, that Southern Baptists are the one great Protestant communion which holds aloof from this organization. But an article published at St. Louis in the Christian Union Quarterly for January, by a Scotch Episcopal rector, has so much of promise in it, that one or two of its positions may be stated, and the theme may be developed further, with certainty of its appreciation by all readers of the Review and Expositor. Wm. Farquhar of Fochabers, studying with a view to union, takes up the question of Catholic order in its relation to the functions of the Catholic church. He begins with the point that the whole "Catholic Church" must be constituted on the analogies to be found in any ordinary human society. Then he considers one by one three functions of the church.


Abstract While reform options such as creating new schools seem tempting, they challenge the ills of public schools with new school creation under the same system. Of interest are the lessons that can be gleaned from teachers at a new small school that serves a Black American population. A theory on declining institutions was used to explore teachers' experiences and the feasibility of exit, voice, and loyalty as mechanisms of recuperation. Interview data concerning the benefits and challenges of working at a small school in a larger system illuminate the realities of changing a system from within. With an investigation of the lessons learned, the educational community was able to explore the viability of a Small School option as an effective way to provide an equitable, free education for non-White students in large urban school districts. Introduction Through school choice and privatization or site-based management, creating new small schools for underserved non-White students has gained popularity and philanthropic support (Au et al., 2005; Lipman, 2005). Across the United States in large districts such as those found in Los Angeles and New York City, over 400 new small schools are being created in an effort to reform and restructure public schooling options (Au et al., 2005; Botas, 2003; CPS, 2004; Rethinking, 2005). In Chicago, a similar effort is occurring. With funding from the Gates Foundation, the Renaissance 2010 initiative in Chicago has a goal of creating 100 new, small schools in six years (Au et al., 2005; CPS, 2004; Lipman, 2005). All of these new schools will be in low-income areas replacing low-performing schools that mostly serve non-White students. In order to investigate the issues associated with small schools, it is necessary to first define their structure, character, and outcomes. While the term "small school" does not have absolute numerical limits, these schools share the following characteristics: small size, preferably no more than 350 students in elementary schools; cohesive, self-selected faculty; substantial autonomy; coherent curricular focus that provides continuous educational experience; inclusive admissions; and positive academic and behavioral standards (Fine & Somerville, 1998). Development is a restructuring strategy aimed at the detachment between teacher and student that often occurs in the large school environments (Ayers, 1999; Ayers, Klonsky, & Lyon, 2000). The creation of smaller schools is requiring considerable changes in how school districts are organized and operated (Clinchy, 2000). In addition to improved outcomes for students, literature on small schools boasts improved outcomes for teachers and administrators (Goldhaber, 2001; Gottfredson, 1985; Gregory, 1992, 2001). Studies have found greater teacher satisfaction in smaller schools (Eberts, Kehoe, & Stone, 1984), as well as increased staff involvement (Gottfredson, 1985), school organization (Gregory, 1992), teacher influence, teacher beliefs, home-school relations, and professional growth (Gladden, 1998; Johnson, 1990). Teachers in small school settings generally report a greater sense of community than teachers in large schools (Christensen, 2005). Some studies show that students in small schools outperform students who attend schools with larger enrollments (Alspaugh & Gao, 2003; Kuziemko, 2006). In addition, a study of New York City public schools found that size and distribution of the gap in test scores across races were negatively correlated, implying that students in small schools experience fewer racial gaps within their schools (Stiefel, Schwartz, & Ellen, 2007). As many new small schools are forming, it is vital that teachers' experiences be analyzed and more importantly, that they be taken into consideration for future educational policy endeavors (Christensen, 2005; CPS, 2004; Lipman, 2005). New and small schools face the challenge of using the same structures, staffing, and resources as regular public schools but with the expectation that they will produce exceptional results. …


Under the condition of strong connectivity, the formation keeping problem of missile formation based on high-order fully actuated system is studied. The time-varying controller of the system is designed for the formation tracking of missile formation and disturbance suppression by upgrading the first-order model to the second-order model and using the parametric approach. The numerical simulation experiments of the system are completed with the introduction of bounded random disturbances. The motion trajectory, position tracking error, velocity tracking error and control force output of the missile formation are analyzed, and the final steady-state error is basically stabilized within 0.1, and the control force is controlled at about 2000 N during the formation holding phase.


In this paper I present the design rationale for a work-in-progress mobile learning project titled Gidder: Groups in Digital Dialogue. The design challenge is to support upper secondary school students as they collaboratively interpret artworks across classroom and museum settings using a combination of wiki and mobile phone technologies.


The notion of social capital has been discussed in detail in the research literature, and its components have been analyzed. However, little research has been conducted into the internal influence relationships between them so as to determine explanatory orders and differentiate between elements which are causes and elements which, on the other hand, are a product or consequence of the former in social capital formation. This article presents the testing and empirical assessment of a model comprising four key variables in this area: sociability, associative activity, identification with everyday spatiality and solidarity. The analysis results show the importance of the variable "informal sociability" in the case of Spain for the development of the remaining elements comprising social capital, as well as the mediating role of the spatial dimension. These aspects are relatively opaque in many analyses about this concept.


The purpose of this research is to know the influence of biogas liquid waste, the effect of N fertilizer and the interaction of the combination of biogas liquid waste fertilizer with N fertilizer, and to determine the dosage of biogas liquid waste, N fertilizer and combination of biogas liquid waste fertilizer with N fertilizer that can increase the production of plants mustard. This research was conducted experimentally using Randomized Block Design (RAK) which was arranged in factorial that consist of 2 factors. The first factor is the provision of biogas wastewater L1 = liquid waste fertilizer biogas 1 liter / m2, L2 = liquid waste fertilizer biogas 3 liters / m2, L3 = liquid waste fertilizer biogas 6 liters / m2, the second factor is the application of N fertilizer,U0 = No N fertilizer, U1 = N fertilizer 11.5 kg / ha equivalent to urea 25 kg / ha, U2 = fertilizer N 23 kg / ha is equivalent to urea 50 kg / ha, from the above treatment, 9 combinations were obtained. Each experimental unit was repeated 3 times to obtain 27 experimental units and each unit of experiment was 20 plants, and 4 plants theree taken as samples. parameters observed for plant height, leaf number, fresh weight and fresh weight are feasible for consumption The interaction of biogas liquid waste and N fertilizer can increase fresh weight and fresh weight is feasible for consumption, but it does not affect the plant height and the number of leaves. The interaction of biogas liquid waste and N fertilizer (6 liters / m2 and 50 kg / ha) gives the growth and production of mustard plant with fresh weight gain worth 22,695 ton / ha. Keywords: Biogas liquid waste, N and mustard greens


There is a strong demand and genuine desire of an educational program that all the study should make adjustment to modern concept and application to common need of life. Progress in any field requires a clear understanding of its elementary concept. Pakistan is a developing country and is facing many problems in education system including of higher rate of illiteracy of its population especially the female population. According to planning commission of Pakistan's report 2010, in 2008-2009 it is estimated approximately above 43% of total and 55% of female. This problem is rooting various other problems also. Majority of Pakistani people are shackled with ageold and functionally useless customs and traditions, which, may result in wastage of humanity effort and material resources. Gender biasless education is receiving much emphasis at present. Our 51% population is female. It is really needed to educate both male and female, who can face all challenges of present technological era. Lack of education especially female education is most significant factor contributing to underdevelopment of Pakistan.


To a sonar operator,a passive sonar target can be taken as a sounder,and the impulse response of the sounder in cepstrum-domain can be drawn from the target radiated-noise by using the LPC cepstrum.A set of features is extracted based on the LPC cepstrum of the impulse response.A neural network target classifier is designed, and the classification experiment for three different classes of target performed.The results of experiment show that the feature extraction method based on LPC cepstrum is useful.


The article describes the history of those aspects of the number and continuity concepts which served the formation of mathematical analysis in the period to the 19th century. Attention is paid to the mathematical discoveries of the 14th, 16th,17th, 18th and 19th centuries. An analysis of the basic number and continuity concepts of the 19th century is given.


Case: We present a 36-year-old man with L1 burst fracture after a sneeze. He was in follow-up for indolent systemic mastocytosis (ISM), and osteoporosis was treated with bisphosphonate. Owing to neurologic impairment, posterior decompressive laminectomy and thoraco-lumbar fusion with cemented screws were performed. Conclusion: Vertebral fractures in young patients affected by ISM required a multidisciplinary approach and a careful preoperative planning to achieve acceptable results. These fractures are so rare that even an experienced spine surgeon may not come across them during his whole career. Nevertheless, diagnostic tool improvement makes its diagnosis more frequent, that is why every spine surgeon should know this disease.


Throughout Earth's history there have been temporal and spatial variations in the amount of visible and ultraviolet radiation received by ecosystems. This paper examines if temporal changes in these forms of energy receipt could have influenced the tempo and mode of plant diversity and speciation, focusing in particular upon Cenozoic time‐scales. Evidence for changing patterns of plant diversity and speciation apparent in various fossil records and molecular phylogenies are considered alongside calculated changes in thermal and solar ultraviolet energy (specifically UV‐B) over the past 50 Myr. We suggest that changes in thermal energy influx (amount and variability) affected the tempo of evolution through its influence upon community dynamics (e.g. population size, diversity, turnover, extinctions). It was not only the amount of thermal energy but also variability in its flux that may have influenced these processes, and ultimately the rate of diversification. We suggest that variations in UV‐B would have influenced the mode and tempo of speciation through changes to genome stability during intervals of elevated UV‐B. We argue, therefore, that although variability in thermal energy and UV‐B fluxes through time may lead to the same end‐point (changing the rate of diversification), the processes responsible are very different and both need to be considered when linking evolutionary processes to energy flux.


This paper presents a new method of damage condition assessment that allows accommodating other types of uncertainties due to ambiguity, vagueness, and fuzziness that are statistically non-describable. In this method, healthy observations are used to construct a fuzzy set representing sound performance characteristics. Additionally, the bounds on the similarities among the structural damage states are prescribed by using the state similarity matrix. Thus, an optimal group fuzzy sets representing damage states such as little, moderate, and severe damage can be inferred as an inverse problem from healthy observations only. The optimal group of damage fuzzy sets is used to classify a set of observations at any unknown state of damage using the principles of fuzzy pattern recognition based on an approximate principle. This method can be embedded into the system of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) to give advice about structural maintenance and life prediction. Finally, a case study, which comes from Reference [9] for damage pattern recognition is presented and discussed. The compared result illustrates our method is more effective and general, so it is very practical in engineering.


Intense competition and pressure from various market participants is prevalent in today's modern and technologically developed society. It is important to keep a high standard of service and custom ...


A model of isodiffracting hollow Gaussian pulsed beams (HGPBs) is presented. Based on the Fourier transform method, an analytical formula for the HGPBs propagating in free space is derived, which enables us to study the spatiotemporal behaviour of the ultrashort pulsed beams. Some interesting phenomena of ultrashort pulsed beams, such as the symmetrical temporal profiles, the dark rings, etc, are discussed in detail and illustrated numerically.


In this article, the objective basis of legal consciousness is understood as the legal actuality a purposeful meaningful practical activity, which expresses the essence of the law and forms the entirety of society's legal phenomena. We draw a distinction between legal actuality and legal reality as a sphere of immediate being of legal phenomena. The contradictions in this sphere are the source for producing the legal consciousness. We also consider the features of professional legal consciousness that define its special role among other types of legal consciousness.


A simple filtration procedure allows the isolation of a factor from Chaoborus spp. which induces morphological change in Daphnia ambigua Scourfield. Neonate morphology is unaffected by exposure to the compound, but adults develop both a large helmet and pronounced spinescence along the carapace margin. The term chemomorphosis is proposed to describe cases in which morphological variation is induced by an exogenous chemical agent. Daphnia ambigua Scourfield is a common inhabitant of lakes and ponds throughout the United States and eastern Canada and south into Central and South America (Brooks 1957; Clark et al. 1980; Matsumura-Tundisi 19 84). Populations of this species typically show marked seasonal shifts in morphology (Brooks 1946). The anterior margin of the head may either be rounded or possess a spikelike helmet, and the extent of spinulation on the carapace margin is conspicuously variable. Brooks ( 19 5 7) noted that individuals with large helmets tended to possess prominent spines on their carapace, suggesting that variation in both characters might be controlled by the same factor. Experimental studies have shown that water temperature plays an important role in determining helmet size in neonates of


The purpose of this study was to obtain a deep understanding of the external elements of discourse in the virus outbreak themed film. The film with the theme of the virus outbreak which was used as the object of research was entitled Contagion. This qualitative descriptive research uses discourse analysis method with qualitative content analysis. Collecting data using documentation techniques through literature study. The steps used in analyzing the external elements of discourse in the virus epidemic-themed film are as follows: 1) watching the film entitled The Contagion carefully and repeatedly in order to understand its content and meaning, then making a synopsis of the film, 2) recording quotations text quotes, 3) analyzing the external elements of discourse in the citation of the film text, 4) discussing and interpreting the research results obtained, 5) formulating and drawing conclusions, and 6) compiling research reports. The validity of research data by means of member checks, accuracy, and adequacy of theories related to the object of research. The results show that the external elements that build discourse in the film The Contagion, which have 12 implicatures with details of 11 data are conversational implicatures or it can be said that conventional implicatures and 1 non-conventional implicature data, namely implications that must draw conclusions based on certain phenomena or situations, then there are 5 presupposition data are included in the factive type, 1 existential data, 5 counterfactual data and 2 non-factive data, then in the context 9 physical context data and 4 socio-psychological context data are found.


The invention relates to a method for activating operating modes in a medical device, in particular of ventilation modes on a ventilator (1) such as IMV (Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation), CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) or HFV (high frequency ventilation). The activation is carried out with an external electronic, optical or magnetic storage medium such as a smart card (2) on which there is data, the bestimmmen the available operating modes and possibly the duration of their availability. The data on the smart card (2) is read by a reading and writing unit (3) of the ventilator (1). The data can be encoded, the duration of the availability of a ventilation mode, by running a time account (9) are controlled on the smart card, each time a certain ventilation mode is used by the the respective time units are deducted from the time account (9).


This study aimed to examine and analyze the influence of the characteristics of Corporate Governance, profitability, and reputation of KAP on audit report lags in Real Estate and Property Companies in Indonesia. This study also tested and analyzed the moderating influence of company size in the relationship between the characteristics of Corporate Governance, profitability, and the reputation of the KAP on audit report lag. This type of research is causal research. The population in this study are Real Estate and Property companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2012-2016 with 61 companies. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling based on certain criteria. Based on these criteria, the number of observations was 170 units of analysis. The results of the research show that the characteristics of corporate governance, profitability, and reputation of KAP simultaneously influence and are significant for audit report lag. Institutional ownership, independent commissioners and profitability have a negative and significant effect on audit report lag. While the reputation of KAP has a positive and significant effect on audit report lag. Managerial ownership and audit committees influence and are not significant to the audit report lag in real estate and property companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Company size is proven to not be able to moderate (strengthen) the relationship between corporate governance characteristic variables, profitability and KAP reputation with audit report lag variables on real estate and property companies.


ABSTRACT We report on a novel strategy for the detection of mRNA targets derived from Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts by the use of oligonucleotide-gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles are functionalized with oligonucleotides which are complementary to unique sequences present on the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) DNA/RNA target. The results indicate that the presence of HPS70 targets of increasing complexity causes the formation of oligonucleotide-gold nanoparticle networks which can be visually monitored via a simple colorimetric readout measured by a total internal reflection imaging setup. Furthermore, the induced expression of HSP70 mRNA in Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts via a simple heat shock process provides nonenzymatic amplification such that the HSP70 mRNA derived from as few as 5 × 103 purified C. parvum oocysts was successfully detected. Taken together, these results support the use of oligonucleotide-gold nanoparticles for the molecular diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis, offering new opportunities for the further development of point-of-care diagnostic assays with low-cost, robust reagents and simple colorimetric detection.


In this paper, we use Euler's Formula and Astrotheology Physics to determine the mathematical mechanism that may be used by the Fed. Chairman to set interest rates and projected inflation. I call this "Cusack-Bernanke Solution "or the "Q-B Solution."


Allocating river recreation use to commercial and private sectors on white water rivers has been highly controversial. How this process is implemented may affect not only the availability of recreation opportunities to individual users, but may also negatively impact the user's desire to escape from the pressures and stresses of everyday life. In a study of users of Idaho's Middle Fork of the Salmon River, an Even-Pool allotment technique was preferred over others by the commercial, private, and rejectee individuals sampled. A lottery technique for rationing private use permits was preferred by private users and rejectees, while commercial users preferred Advance Reservation. No relationship was found between the users' stress release/escape expectations and their preferences for the different allotment and rationing techniques studies. Such results suggest that river managers may have considerable latitude in selecting allocation techniques that do not adversely affect on-site recreation experiences.


The purpose of this study was to compare major theories of laryngeal vibration. The basic hypothesis of the study was that the differences and similarities between the major theories of laryngeal vibration could be made evident and clear through a comparative study. It was assumed that there are two or more theories of laryngeal vibration and that all the major theories of laryngeal vibration from 1945 to the present have been described in written form in English.


There is widespread recognition that Britain should do more to exploit the science base of its universities. Often, the problem is presented as arising from a lack of information or unhelpful attitudes amongst key participants. This paper argues that the high financial risk involved in mounting an effective technology transfer operation could also be a key factor. It concludes that, to succeed, technology transfer must be both in the national interest and the interest of the institutions concerned. A number of specific measures are proposed to help ensure that this balance exists.


Atmospheric turbulence can cause significant degradation to video over long horizontal paths. The refractive index fluctuations along the path from scene to camera lead to blur, varying across the frame and from frame to frame. Computationally inexpensive methods model this effect with an MTF blur function; however this technique neglects anisoplanatic effects. Wave optics techniques have been developed taking into account anisoplanatism, but ignoring scintillation, and spatial and temporal effects. Since long horizontal paths over varied surfaces (e.g. water to land or vice versa) will encounter varying turbulence strength along the path, the turbulence strength should be defined independently at each phase screen. Also important, turbulence strength can vary over short time scales (<1s), so a physically accurate simulation must allow time-dependent phase screens. We will present results of a wave optics simulation technique that includes these spatial and temporal variations. The results will provide validation for turbulence removal algorithms.


Upon becoming Conservative leader, David Cameron, and his Shadow Chancellor, George Osborne, initially sought to compete with Labour by pledging increased expenditure on education and the NHS, and thereby insisting that tax cuts would have to wait. Rather than cutting taxation overall, the emphasis was on restructuring and simplifying Britain's tax system, and shifting the burden towards the better off, mainly thorough promoting environmental taxes. However, the economic collapse at the end of 2008 has prompted the Conservatives to modify this new economic stance, by insisting that they will no longer match Labour's planned increases in public expenditure, but, instead, will increase it at a lower rate. This is intended to reduce the need to increase government borrowing during the recession, and thereby ensure that when the economy recovers, the proceeds of economic growth can be shared between higher public expenditure and lower taxation, rather than being spent on repaying government debt for many years ahead.


Gesture semantic recognition is a vital process of motion recognition. An accurate and stable recognition method helps to identify semantic meaning of a continuous motion. In this work, the semantic meaning is represented by a sequence of motion primitives. This work proposes a method based on spatial and temporal reasoning. Both spatial and temporal rules of motion primitives are used to estimate the current state of motion. The motion primitives adopted in this work are transport empty (TE), transport loaded (TL), grasp (G), and release (RL) from Gilbreth's therbligs. The results show that the average recognition rate is 94.44% out of three different tasks.


Lymphomas are an uncommon complication of solid organ transplantation and rarely occur after marrow transplantation. When post‐marrow transplant lymphomas have occurred, they have been of donor cell origin and when sought, Epstein‐Barr virus DNA has been found in the tumor. A 21‐year‐old woman developed a poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma 6 months after bone marrow transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia in remission. Cyclosporin A had been used as an immunosuppressant. A chromosomal polymorphism demonstrated that the tumor was of host origin and contained a monoclonal tumor marker, 46, XX INV 4 (p16q12). The tumor did not contain the DNA of the Epstein‐Barr virus.


The activity of scientists aims for new knowledge, in medicine particularly about illnesses, their aetiology, diagnosis and, of course, therapy. The success of scientific activity can be measured, for instance, by the quantity and quality of publications, as well as by their effect on specialised literature, and by their consequences in clinical practice. The main objective of this study was to establish an overview of the productivity and the success of cardiological research in Switzerland by analysing its publication output. All members of the Swiss Society of Cardiology and, for comparison, of the Swiss Society for Oncology were included in this study. All publications dating from 1986 to 2000 by these authors were recorded, including their impact factor and citation index. In both cardiology and oncology, the number of publications has steadily increased over the years. The highest number of publications in both fields originated from the germanspeaking part of Switzerland, followed by the french-speaking region. Throughout, more articles were published on cardiological themes, the exception being the italian-speaking part of Switzerland, which produced more papers regarding oncological themes than cardiological ones. The comparison of universities showed Zurich publishing the most in cardiology, followed by Berne, Lausanne, Geneva and Basel, while in oncology the leading university in terms of number of publications was Berne, followed by Basel, Zurich, Geneva and Lausanne. The average impact factor of a publication in cardiology was 4.1, slightly higher than in oncology (3.9). On average however, oncological publications were cited more often (13.4 vs. 12.9; p ≤0.001). The highest citation count of a single publication was 1855 in cardiology, 437 in oncology. 35.7% of publications in cardiology and 30.3% in oncology were never cited. The number of total citations for an individual scientist ranged from 0 to 14 642 in cardiology, and from 0 to 4698 in oncology. The analysis of scientific productivity of two comparable fields of research in Switzerland, and the regional and individual differences shown, might be of value for future evaluations of scientists, groups and institutions and, as a consequence, be taken into consideration for the allocation of funds and resources.


Antibodies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS are generally protective, however, this protection is usually serotype-specific. Thus the generation of antibodies against the more conserved core-lipid A epitopes has a potential for being more broadly cross reactive. Our laboratory has previously produced several monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against the core region and lipid A region of P. aeruginosa LPS. In this study, we cloned the immunoglobulin genes from mAb 7-4, an antibody with specificity for the inner core region of P. aeruginosa LPS. VH and VL genes of 7-4 were cloned into both of the M13-derived phagemid vectors, pComb3 and pComb8. 14 pComb3/VH/VL and 6 pComb8/VH /VL recombinant clones were isolated. The presence of recombinant F(ab) molecules in the periplasmic extracts of Escherichia coli was confirmed by Western immunoblots of these extracts with goat anti-mouse F(ab')2 and goat anti-mouse kappa light chain antibodies under non-reduced conditions. Recombinant 7-4 antibody also interacted with LPS prepared from a rough mutant P. aeruginosa strain AK43 in Western immunoblotting, and ELISA as well as with whole cells of AK43 in immunofluorescence. Thus, recombinant 7-4 antibodies expressed in E. coli are structurally and functionally correct.


Water is probably the most important molecule for the thermal properties of dense, interstellar gas, and as such plays a decisive role in establishing the rate at which molecular clouds collapse towards star formation. The synthesis of water is thought to be mainly due to dissociative recombination of H{sub 3}O{sup +} with electrons, although experiments have, as yet, provided no evidence that H{sub 2}O is a product of the reaction. Here we present the first observation of water synthesis from the recombination of H{sub 3}O{sup +}, with a branching ratio of 33{percent}. This value is in good agreement with existing observations of the / ratio in interstellar clouds. It is found that considerable fragmentation occurs during the recombination, in contradiction with the usual two-body dissociation assumption. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


This study investigates the dynamics of information flow between foreign currencies and the Jakarta Composite Index (JKSE) in the pre-, during and post-2014 Indonesian Presidential elections. Based on a systematic analytical framework, the study provides a clearer picture to link the foreign currencies of trade partners to Jakarta Stock Exchange. Using the VAR model with daily data from 2 January 2013 to 31 July 2015, our results show: First, JKSE appears to be endogenous during the pre-election period. The endogenous relationship implies that the EUR, HKD and CNY influence the benchmark index. Second, JKSE appears to be exogenous during the election year. The exogenous relationship implies information flow from JKSE to six foreign currencies. Third, during the postelection period, there is information flow from the Japanese Yen and Saudi Riyal to JKSE. In addition, there is information outflow from JKSE to three foreign currencies. This study concludes that the foreign currency market is subtly linked to JKSE. Our results imply a need to guard against capital flight during uncertainties as the foreign fund may exit the market. Deeper economic ties can be made with foreign trade partners willing to inject capital during economic recovery in the short run.


truth stands behind all aspects of revealed law. Yet, nowhere in this chapter is there any mention that the Temple Scroll otherwise disagrees with the sectarian belief in progressive revelation, instead asserting a singular revelation at Sinai that the author recaptures by appropriating the divine authorial voice. Indeed, throughout the volume, we hear more about what unites the various legal approaches in Second Temple Judaism than about the rough edges that might allow us to uncover a richer tapestry of ancient Jewish society. This stands in contrast to the much more nuanced understanding of early rabbinic Judaism that Shemesh presents. Shemesh delivers a wealth of material to consider. But this volume never quite matches its comprehensive ambitions. This work is not the comprehensive history of the origins and development of halakhah that Geiger, Frankel, and more recent scholars have sought. Similarly, while the notes and bibliography reflect engagement with the wealth of recent scholarship, the body of the work itself gives the reader less of a sense of the location of Shemesh's work in the history of scholarship on law in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Geiger and Frankel are important conversation partners, but any study of the relationship of the Dead Sea Scrolls with wider currents in Sadducean law and rabbinic literature would well benefit from deeper engagement with the vast research on these issues in the work of Baumgarten and Schiffman. The original oral nature of the material likely contributes to the brevity of the final published version. Even in such a compressed form, however, Shemesh enriches our knowledge of the intersection of rabbinic halakhah and its Second Temple period antecedents.


The author's method for calculating heat transfer in locomotive flues is applied to determine the heat transfer in the superheater flues and tubes. It is applied to three sets of experimental data obtained from two locomotives on the Altoona locomotive test plant. In each case the firebox temperature and the rate of flow of the gases of combustion through the flues are taken as points of departure. The Fry method is used to calculate the temperature drop along the evaporative flues and along the superheater flues, and the transfer of heat to the evaporative surface of the flues containing the superheater pipes and to the superheater pipes. The results of the calculations indicated are shown in tabular form in comparison with the observed results.


Aiming at improving the working device's performance defects of displacement tracking,the low response speed,a multi-body dynamic model of the loader's working device was created by building its three-dimensional model with Catia embedded in the VL Motion,defining its bodies,the joints and the corresponding driving interface of coupled simulation.According to the analysis of the hydraulic system of the working device,the electro-hydraulic system with the interface of VL Motion was built-in AMEsim.And the coupled simulation was performed by exchanging the variable's data through the interface in the plane of VL Motion and AMEsim.The classical control strategy of PID closed loop control was taken to optimize the defects.The simulation results indicate that with the coupled simulation plant,the working device's comprehensive properties controlled by PID closed loop have been improved greatly,its response speed becomes faster and tracking displacement error is less than 2%.


As part of overall ocean dynamic satellite research, the atmospheric correction microwave radiometer (ACMR) used to correct atmospheric path delay in the radar altimeter has been developed recently. The ACMR, composed of an observing antenna (OA) and calibration antenna, operates at 18.7, 23.8, and 37 GHz for improving atmospheric retrieval accuracy. The dual-polarized OA is realized by an offset deployable dish and the common corrugated horn feeding subsystem, while the calibration antenna uses three corrugated horns. The deployable reflector is made of carbon fiber composite (CFRP) supported by a CFRP frame that connects to the satellite deck, and the deployment of the dish is implemented by two hinges. The feeding subsystem has a loaded-ring corrugated horn, an ultra-wideband orthomode transducer (OMT) that covers almost 2:1 bandwidth ratio and bandpass filters. Compromise is made to guarantee that the root-mean-square errors of the deviation of the phase center from the focal point are as small as possible for the three frequencies. Measured results of the OA showed that the voltage standing-wave ratios (VSWRs) are lower than 1.5 while the cross-polarization levels are below −20 dB throughout the all working bands. Furthermore, the radiation patterns have sidelobe levels below −20 dB, and the antenna main beam efficiencies are all above 90% for the tri-band. The calibration horn antennas have VSWR below 1.2 throughout the tri-band, too. Thermal and vibration tests confirm that the antenna is suitable for space use.


A printed board includes an insulating body (11) that has a flat surface and includes insulating cloth (111) including first fibers and second fibers that cross the first fibers at right angles on the flat surface, and printed wiring (12) including a plurality of signal lines that run parallel to each other and are laid out on the flat surface of the insulating body so that a direction of the signal lines is tilted to a direction of the first or second fibers at an angle which is determined based on board-cutting efficiency of the insulating body (11) and a predetermined delay-time difference between the signal lines.


An analysis of some parameters of vegetation structure (coberture -%-, density and specific diversity) is presented for plant formations in the Mocagua island (Colombian Amazonia). The structure of the vegetation types ranging from simple river beach zone, aquatic and floodplain environments, to complex arrangement in forest formations. The average number of individuals with DAP > 10 cm (58/0.1 ha) is lower than other similar regions. In addition, we describe the types of vegetation founded according with floristic affinities, wich is related to the water content in the sustrata.Tha natural vegetation comprise from aquatic communities of Oxyearyum eubense - Pontederia rotundifolia, to continental ones of Rheedia madruno- Palieourea eroeea, Triehilia pallida - Sommera sabiceoides, phases of Montriehardia arboreseens and Ceeropia latiloba, Paspalum repens and Ceeropia latiloba, and Leptochloa seabra and Torulinium maeroeephalum.


For high-density and high-speed magnetooptical (MO) recording, the use of magnetic multi-valued (MMV) MO media has been proposed. [rf:1] A quadri-valued recording has been achieved using this media and a field modulation recording method. For practical use of this media, it is important to reduce the critical magnetic field to minimize the applied field for realizing the quadri-valued recording. We have achieved reduction of the critical magnetic field down to 150 Oe using a new coupled film, TbFeCo/GdTbFeCo.


After emphasizing on the use of discrete signals in the literature on cellular automata, we show how these signals have been considered on their own. We then present their continuous counterpart: abstract geometrical computation and signal machines. Finally we relate them to other models of computation, classical and analog.


in the article, the questions on necessity of preparation and development of personnel potential in the building industry of Russia, as a competitive industry not only in Russia, but in also abroad are considered. One of the innovative approaches was the development of the educational program through the introduction of BIM technologies, which will allow making effective decisions at all stages of the life cycle of the construction site. The concept of the article was the introduction into the educational process of a new discipline "Building Information Modeling", which is working through a through-project course project from a volume planning solution to a construction project based on information modeling of buildings, which will allow the graduate of the university to obtain general knowledge of building construction and develop practical skills when working in BIM technology tools.


Tonight, I'm not going to talk about the Department of Energy's role in support of materials research because there is a bigger issue that we need to be talking about—the role science and technology can and must play in driving the U.S. economy. We ought to be focusing on the real business of science, and, like it or not, science is a business. In the Clinton administration we are focusing on using science and technology as a strategic weapon and on what I'm calling the new war, the economy war. Why would the administration and I be saying that? If you recall, the theme of the campaign waged by Bill Clinton was the economy. Then early on, when he took leadership, he staged an economic summit, and immediately joined in a partnership with Al Gore to begin focusing on science and technology and articulating clearly the goals that he saw for driving the economy. People quite clearly didn't focus on the Department of Energy during that early dialogue. Most people had no idea that the national laboratories exist, that there is a strong nexus between the labs and the research community and, perhaps most importantly, that there is great work going on in materials research, much of it supported through the Department of Energy's budget.


Preparing nanoscale patterns with bright and high resolution structural colors for object decoration remains a challenge. Herein, the authors propose a strategy for fabricating surface‐universal and large‐area photonic crystal monolayer membrane with stable plasmonic coloration based on polydopamine (PDA) modification, self‐assembly, transfer printing, and e‐beam evaporation. In practice, the membrane is achieved with different diameters of silica and polystyrene (PS) colloidal nanoparticles through layer‐by‐layer (LBL) self‐assembled method. The photonic crystals are prepared on the PDA‐coated substrates and experimental spectra of different periodic plasma substrates with 20 nm‐gold‐coating are obtained and analyzed. Based on this, different plasma display patterns are prepared and solvent‐response plasma pattern is fabricated. Compared with traditional coloration method, this method is low‐cost, stable, and surface‐universal and can be used to proceed large‐area plasmonic coloration, which will be promising in the fields of plasma display, optical sensor and anti‐counterfeiting.


Much evidence exists that culturally responsive and equitable teaching practices are challenging to develop. Evidence exists that in-the-moment coaching of 'rehearsals' of practice can help foster mathematics teaching strategies, but how such coaching can assist the development of culturally responsive practice is less clear. Drawn from a larger study into rehearsals of practice, this article illustrates how teacher educator modelling of instructional activities with in-the-moment coaching can provide opportunities for professional noticing of culturally responsive teaching practices. Such opportunities were identified across seven videos of rehearsals of practice in which teacher educator pairs modelled and coached mathematics teaching. Examples are discussed in relation to facilitation of professional noticing and two aspects of a framework of 'cultural competencies' for teachers of indigenous Māori learners. Implications include enhanced equity of access to mathematics learning through pre-service teachers being able to notice, discuss, and use culturally responsive teaching practices.


The optical spectroscopy and dynamics of three materials; Eu3+IY2SiO5, Pr3+IY2SiO5, and Tm3+IY2SiO5 that are of interest for application in persistent spectral holeburning optical memory and signal processing devices were investigated using linear and nonlinear spectroscopic techniques. Two-pulse photon echoes have been used to measure the homogeneous linewidths. The effects of instantaneous spectral diffusion were systematically studied to allow accurate determination of the optical resonance widths, and external magnetic fields were applied to characterize the effects of fluctuating nuclear spins of the host lattice on dephasing of the dopant ion. The 7F0 —> 5D0 transition of 0.1% Eu3"1" in the two crystallographic sites of Y2SiO5 was studied using photon echoes. Using this material, we succeeded in measuring the narrowest optical resonance in a solid by shielding the crystal from stray electromagnetic fields and using sufficiently low laser power to minimize contributions from instantaneous diffusion. The homogeneous linewidths measured in a magnetic field of 100 G are 122 Hz (site I) and 167 Hz (site 2). These widths are dominated by population decay, but up to 20 Hz is attributed to 89Y spin fluctuations which have been reduced by the applied magnetic field. Similar studies were performed to determine the contributions to the homogeneous linewidth of the 3H U (I) —> 1D2(I) transition for both sites of 0.02% Pr3"1" in Y2SiO5. Linewidths of 2.1 kHz (site I) and 0.85 kHz (site 2) were obtained with an applied magnetic field of 77 G. A significant contribution of 89Y nuclear spin fluctuations to the zero-field homogeneous linewidth was found. Optically detected nuclear magnetic resonance measurements determined the hyperfine structure of the 3H4 ground state for each site, and photon echo nuclear double resonance was used to determine the hyperfine levels of the lowest component of the 1D2 manifold. Absorption, fluorescence, fluorescence excitation and Zeeman experiments were performed to characterize the crystal field levels of 0.1% Tm3+ in Y2SiO5. Small splittings of only 13 cm"1 (site I) and 1 .6 'em '1 (site 2) were found for the lowest components of the 3H5 ground state multiplet. The homogeneous linewidth of the 3H5 —> 3Ht transition was also measured yielding widths of 57 kHz (site I) and 241 kHz (site 2) in zero magnetic field. These unexpectedly large widths were attributed to the accidental magnetic sensitivity of Tm3+ in this host due to the presence of enhanced nuclear magnetic moments resulting from the energy level structure.


Previous work [B. Yurke, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 4, 1557 (1987)] published on quantizing Josephson parametric amplifiers has involved a constrained Lagrangian. This paper proposes a simpler, consistent Hamiltonian approach to quantizing a Josephson parametric amplifier, without constriants.


Background: Adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) is one of the leading reasons for emergency surgical admissions. Current guidelines recommend the conservative approach, unless operative intervention is indicated. Case: Here, we present a case of a young male who underwent early laparoscopic adhesiolysis for ASBO. Discussion: Nonoperative management resolves majority of ASBO cases but has high recurrence. Early surgical management (ESM) has been shown to reduce recurrence rate and long-term health consequences. Conclusion: ESM can be considered for recurrent ASBO in younger patients with fewer comorbidities.


Access to higher education is critical for minority populations and emergent bilingual students. However, the language used by higher education institutions to communicate with prospective students is often too complex; concretely, many institutions in the US publish admissions application instructions far above the average reading level of a typical high school graduate, often near the 13th or 14th grade level. This leads to an unnecessary barrier between students and access to higher education. This work aims to tackle this challenge via text simplification. We present PSAT (Professionally Simplified Admissions Texts), a dataset with 112 admissions instructions randomly selected from higher education institutions across the US. These texts are then professionally simplified, and verified and accepted by subject-matter experts who are full-time employees in admissions offices at various institutions. Additionally, PSAT comes with manual alignments of 1,883 original-simplified sentence pairs. The result is a first-of-its-kind corpus for the evaluation and fine-tuning of text simplification systems in a high-stakes genre distinct from existing simplification resources.


75 Background: Andecaliximab (ADX) is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). Preclinical studies suggest that MMP9 inhibition relieves immune suppression and promotes T-cell infiltration to potentiate checkpoint blockade. Methods: Phase 2, open-label, randomized study of the efficacy and safety of ADX + nivolumab (NIVO) vs. NIVO alone in patients with pre-treated metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma. Patients were randomized to either ADX 800 mg IV + NIVO 3 mg/kg IV, or NIVO 3 mg/kg IV alone, and stratified by tumor PD-L1 status. Treatment was administered every 2 weeks. Re-staging CT scans were performed every 8 weeks to evaluate response. Primary endpoint: objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints: progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs). Results: Of the 144 patients randomized, 141 were treated, 109 (76%) completed tumor assessment. 81% of patients were white, with 69% male and a mean (SD) age of 59 (12) years. ORR (95% CI) was 11.1% (4.9–20.7%) in patients receiving ADX + NIVO, and 6.9% (2.3–15.5%) in those receiving NIVO alone, p = 0.6. Kaplan-Meier estimated median (95% CI) PFS was 1.8 (1.8–2.0) months in patients receiving ADX + NIVO, and 1.9 (1.7–1.9) months in those receiving NIVO alone, p = 0.2. Kaplan-Meier estimated median (95% CI) OS was 7.2 (5.2–9.1) months in patients receiving ADX + NIVO, and 5.9 (3.5–8.6) months in those receiving NIVO alone, p = 0.4. AEs leading to treatment discontinuation occurred in 1 patient in the ADX + NIVO group, and in 1 patient in NIVO-only group. PD-L1 and mismatch repair deficient subgroup analyses will be presented. Exploratory biomarker analyses will be submitted separately. Conclusions: Addition of ADX to NIVO did not improve ORR, PFS, or OS compared with NIVO alone in patients with pre-treated metastatic gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma. Combination of ADX with NIVO had a favorable safety and tolerability profile. Clinical trial information: NCT02864381.


The colleges are important in the RD of Tianjin. After analyzing RD personnel data of Tianjin colleges in 2000, the article find that there are many problems such as the RD personnel is insufficiency, too fluid, too separate and lack of outstanding meritocracies etc. The article also provides the corresponding countermeasure and measures.


The increased rigidity of the delta robot manipulator is ensured by the fact that three kinematic chains intersect in its executive link. This leads to the appearance of three nonlinear geometric constraints, which extremely complicate the mathematical modeling of its dynamics due to the presence of three dependent coordinates. In the report, due to the transition to differentiated equations of constraints and the use of methods of analytical mechanics of systems with redundant coordinates, for the first time, a complete nonlinear mathematical model of the dynamics of a delta robot was built taking into account transient processes in executive electric drives.


OBJECTIVE To prepare ocular cationic liposome-in situ gels coated by N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) with vitamin A palmitate(VAP)as the model drug,and investigate their corneal retention and irritation behavior.METHODS The system (VAPL-ISG) was prepared by the film dispersion method combined with stirring in ice-water bath.The in vitro corneal retention behavior was evaluated by sessile bubble technique and captive bubble technique.Ocular irritation test was performed based on the Draize method.RESULTS Images of TEM showed that VAPL-ISG was uniformly distributed.The system presented electropositivity after TMC coating.The TMC-coated VAPL-ISG exhibited longer corneal retention time and better wettability compared with Oculotect Gel and VAPL-ISG without TMC-coating,while showed promising ocular compatibility.CONCLUSION VAPL-ISG had both the advantages of cationic liposome and in situ gel after TMC coating.It could extend the corneal retention time with good ocular compatibility.The system was valuable to be studied further.


There are two main purposes of this study. The first is to determine the basic difficulties of students in solving problems about the theory of special relativity, and the second is to identify the possible causes leading to these difficulties. To achieve these goals, 3 open-ended questions were administered to the participants. These questions were answered by 78 students who had been enrolled in a modern physics course. Out of 78 students, 24 students were selected for interviewing. Commonly used textbooks were also analyzed in order to determine whether there are differences in content. The results of the analysis showed that the students had difficulties in selecting the proper frames of reference. In addition, they could not use the concepts included in the fundamental equations accurately in accordance with their meanings. The main reasons behind these difficulties seem to be the improper generalizations of students. Moreover, the different representations of the fundamental equations in the various textbooks were also seen as the reason for the difficulties students encountered.
Key words: problem solving, student difficulties, special relativity.