A paper money depositing/drawing apparatus is provided to correspond to various needs by flexibly configuring and installing storage boxes according to different operation ways. A paper money depositing/drawing apparatus is equipped with storage boxes(61,70) having a deposited paper money box(60) storing deposited paper moneys, a drawing paper money box storing paper moneys to be drawn, a recycle box(80) storing the deposited paper moneys and the paper moneys to be drawn, and an acceptance box having compartments storing the paper moneys. The acceptance box has storages for storing the paper moneys conveyed through a common slot.


Background. This study evaluated the effect of endoscopic treatment for malignant dysphagia on quality of life (QL) as part of a prospective comparison of Nd:YAG laser therapy and intubation.


This article presents two new algorithms whose purpose is to maintain the Max-RPC domain filtering consistency dur- ing search with a minimal memory footprint and implementa- tion effort. Both are sub-optimal algorithms that make use of support residues, a backtrack-stable and highly efficient data structure which was successfully used to develop the state- of-the-art AC-3 rm algorithm. The two proposed algorithms, Max-RPC rm and L-Max-RPC rm are competitive with best, optimal Max-RPC algorithms, while being considerably sim- pler to implement. L-Max-RPC rm computes an approxima- tion of the Max-RPC consistency, which is guaranteed to be strictly stronger than AC with the same space complexity and better worst-case time complexity than Max-RPC rm . In prac- tice, the difference in filtering power between L-Max-RPC rm and standard Max-RPC is nearly indistinguishable on random problems. Max-RPC rm and L-Max-RPC rm are implemented into the Choco Constraint Solver through a strong consistency global constraint. This work opens new perspectives upon the development of strong consistency algorithms into con- straint solvers.


In this article, Al2O3 – Ethylene glycol nanofluid convective heat transfer in a porous medium has been simulated under the impact of magnetic forces. The Boussinesq-Darcy law and thermal non-equilibrium model are employed. The two-temperature model is utilized. The effect of Hartmann number, Rayleigh number, porosity, volume fraction of the nanoparticl is investigated. Results show that stream line enhances with rise of Rayleigh number while it decreases with increasing Hartmann number and nanoparticle volume fraction. Also, outputs demonstrate that local nusselt number is in a direct relationship with nanoparticle volume fraction and Rayleigh number, but in an inverse relationship with Hartmann number.


On an annual basis, federal and state agencies are responsible for mapping and removing large expanses of aquatic nuisance vegetation from navigable waterways. This study set out to achieve four primary objectives: (1) utilize recent advancements in remote sensing techniques to classify the extent and distribution of aquatic vegetation in coastal ecosystems using satellite imagery, (2) assess primary aquatic vegetation growth and management efforts in coastal Louisiana, (3) statistically identify the ecological drivers that promote growth and infestation of aquatic nuisance vegetation, and (4) develop numerical models and a spatial tool to predict the probability of occurrence and growth of aquatic vegetation given ecological drivers. Moderate spatial resolution multispectral satellite imagery were used in conjunction with environmental variables from available data streams to generate regression models that predict aquatic vegetation occurrence in the eastern coastal region of south Louisiana. Geospatial tools were developed to execute the model logic using recent environmental conditions, thereby predicting aquatic vegetation occurrence and producing classified maps for end users. These products provide more efficient and enhanced capabilities for management of aquatic nuisance vegetation. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR.


New hardware security threats are emerging, meanwhile detection and recognition technologies are immature for unknown types. This paper introduces a relation matrix to analysis perniciousness of IC hardware Trojan. The relation matrix is based on characteristic deployment includes concealment of trigger and harmfulness of payload. Results of this paper can be used to measure the perniciousness of different types of hardware Trojan, also provide a way to predict new hardware threats, in this way help to defend unknown hardware attacks and improve detection efficiency.


The invention relates to a vehicle-mounted garbage can which comprises a garbage can. A panel is arranged above the garbage can; the middle of the panel is movably provided with a sensing door; the panel is also provided with an infrared sensor; a controller and a driving device are arranged in the garbage can; the driving device is connected with the sensing door; and both the infrared sensor and the driving device are connected with the controller. The vehicle-mounted garbage can is suitable for buses.


SUMMARY This paper considers maximum likelihood estimation for the parameters of quasiindependence in a contingency table with a missing or excluded diagonal. Two of the methods discussed derive from the EM algorithm of Dempster, Laird & Rubin (1977), the other two methods being Newton-Raphson and iterative scaling. Iterative scaling is found, empirically, to be the least efficient method.


Leukopenia after radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the virtual multi - standard evidence,and pathogenesis in order to yin and yang,qi and blood deficiency-oriented,heat-toxin,phlegm,blood stasis, exogenous evils such as the standard.Treatment should be both specimens.Induction treatment of spleen Qi, nourishing Qi,Qi Yin,Ziyin heat,heat detoxification,blood circulation nourishing the blood,spleen and kidney Warming Law.Pointed out:with Chinese and Western medicine treatment can significantly improve survival and reduce recurrence rate.


A Dissertation submitted to the graduate school in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of master of physical planning degree of Makerere University.


This research aims to prove about the public perception of spendthrift of a smartphone battery life. Many people assume that their smartphone include wasteful with certain types of the use. In this study, the testing subject is the use of smartphones with a standard battery capacity ranging from 1500–2000 mAh, as well as the parameters of chat applications. Determination of the subject is done by establishing the list of event variables, which consists of 216 events contained in these parameters. The data was collected by doing observation directly in the field. Then, the collected data was processed and analyzed statistically by using the classification method with C4.5 algorithm. We also compared the results of manual calculations with WEKA tool and a simple application to test and evaluate the performance of the algorithm. The results showed that, the performance on manual calculation and simple application simulation generated a maximum accuracy of 100%. While, the WEKA get 93.06% accuracy value and experience a little error because there are some additional conditions performed on the calculation on the WEKA. This research contributes real to the science and add insight to the public that will have a true perception about the battery life of the smartphone.


With the aid of a Pyrolysis-GC/TOF MS technique, the pyrolysis behaviour of two menthyl esters of N-benzoxycarbonyl amino acid was investigated. A clear pattern emerges involving the cleavage of the bond linking the menthyl ring to the carboxy group, followed by further degradation of the fragments. The major pyroproducts were p-menth-1-ene pyrolysed at a higher temperature or p-menth-2-ene pyrolysed at a lower temperature, and various derivatives of cyclohexene pyrolyzed from the menthyl ring. In addition, some of the products were also iden-tified as derivatives of benzene from the pyrolysis of benzyloxyl moiety.


This study analyses the emotional exhaustion of students inhigher education, derived from the extremely technology-relatedstrain associated to the current COVID-19 pandemic in a conservation of resources' approach. Technostress, as source of emotional exhaustion, was investigated in a sample of 333 students in a medium size public university in Spain. Data was collected in May 2020, during the COVID lockdown. After literature review, a structural model was developed, linking technostress with emotional exhaustion. Results confirm the expected cause-effect relationships. In addition, the study reveals two mediator variables that must be considered when managing students′ suffering, perceived stress and intrapersonal conflicts. This study contributes to the academic literature in the field of managing and mitigating suffering. They do so by providing both new knowledge and empirical evidence on the effects of technostress in the new generations that will soon join the working life.


The observation on 6th June 1981 of the Crab Nebula by the Durham high resolution low-energy gamma-ray spectrometer has produced evidence for line features at energies of 404.4 keV and 1049.6 keV with intensities at the top of the atmosphere of (7.2 ± 2.1) x 10(^-3) and (1.9 ± 0.4) x 10 (^-3) photons cm (^-2) s (^-1) respectively. A transient line feature at 78.9 keV has also been detected. This thesis reports on a search for low-energy gamma-ray pulsed emission from the Crab pulsar which has yielded positive results. The period of the Crab pulsar has been correctly determined and its light curve deconvolved. The results on the Crab pulsar spectral analysis agree with a power law ~ E(^-2.2) . No evidence has been found for pulsed line emission from the Crab pulsar.


Background: RIMTCORE study showed (ERS Congress 2015) that IMT within a 3-week-PR leads to benefits concerning PI max and FIV1 but not with respect to QoL (SGRQ, CAT) and 6MWD. This secondary analysis aims to clarify if there are subgroups with clinical benefits. Methods: RCT, 602 COPD patients GOLD grade 2-4 (IG/GC n = 300/302), intention-to-treat-analysis. Results: Significant moderator effects for gender were found in CAT (p<0.001), CCQ (p=0.011) and SGRQ total (p=0.042). Results from selected simple effect analyses are shown in table 1. In women, the IG showed significantly higher effects in CAT. However, in men, the CG showed higher effects in CAT and SGRQ. Additionally significant interaction effects for "PR within 14 days after hospitalization due to AECOPD" versus "stable COPD" were found in SGRQ (p=0.041), where the CG showed higher effects than the IG. Furthermore, but only in the per-protocol-analysis, there was a significant benefit for women of the IG concerning 6MWD (adj. mean diff. + 13.4m). Discussion: The still ongoing evaluation of the long-term results will show whether the slightly poorer results of the IG in men and in patients directly after AECOPD concerning QoL are only passing effects because of the strenuous IMT, or whether these are lasting subgroup differences. In the latter case, the indication for IMT within PR should be reconsidered for these subgroups.


The aims were to investigate the accuracy of ultrasound in diagnosis of structural fetal anomalies with special focus on false positive findings (I), to evaluate the additional value of second trim ...


Introduction. Knee osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms greatly limit daily activities and cause functional disability, limiting participation and reducing quality of life. It is necessary to evaluate patients' perspectives to clinical outcomes regarding the quality and success of knee OA management. The Knee Outcome Survey Activity Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADLS) is an instrument to assess these perspectives. This study tests the validity and reliability of a translation of KOS-ADLS.
Methods. This study is a cross-sectional study involving 65 subjects and was conducted in the Medical Rehabilitation Department, Musculoskeletal division of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from 01/10/2020 to 31/08/2021. Results from the Indonesia translation of KOS-ADLS (KOS-

ADLS-Ina) were tested for validity with Pearson correlation with p<0.05 and r>0.3 and reliability was tested with internal consistency of α-cronbach and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ≥ 0.7.Results. The correlation value for total items was 0.461–0.792. As for the internal consistency the α-cronbach set at 0.911 and ICC was 0.969 (0.950–0.981). KOS-ADLS-Ina is proved that both Pearson's correlation and internal consistency values have value above the minimal intended value with significancy p<0.05.
Conclusions. KOS-ADLS-Ina is demonstrated to be a valid and reliable functional capacity instrument to be used in the Indonesian population.


Utility codes for grid-connected Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) have become a standard feature since they are becoming a significant portion of the power grid. However, Doubly-Fed Induction Generators (DFIGs) which make up the bulk of all wind power installations are known to be susceptible to grid disturbances such as voltage sags. In the literature, one of the most robust low voltage ride-through (LVRT) solution for both balanced and unbalanced sags is based on the principle of series voltage compensation used extensively in dynamic voltage restorers (DVRs) and unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) systems. However, the voltage compensation LVRT is expensive as an additional converter is required. This converter however is underutilized idling during normal grid conditions but increases the complexity, cost, size and losses of the entire system.


A diffusion controlling oxidation model, considering scale removal, is developed in an oxygen-containing liquid flow environment. Scale removal is implemented and the effect of the scale removal rate on the formation mechanism of the duplex oxide layer structure is analyzed in the model. The volume expansion effect caused by density difference is coupled with the weight gain during oxidation. A coordinate transform technique is employed to obtain the diffusion equations with advection term. The governing equations are non-dimensionalized and analogized with the Stefan problem and solved numerically by the finite difference method. The non-dimensional parameters are studied and the model is extended to an oxide growth model with duplex layer structure and noble elements. The model is benchmarked with previous results, and good agreement is obtained.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


: BACKGROUND: Recent research shows that vitamin D deficiency could be a risk factor in many chronic diseases like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, some cancers, auto immune disease and tuberculosis. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To determine serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in patients with primary hypertension. This study also attempts to demonstrate an inverse co-relation between vitamin D levels and primary hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 patients who are primary hypertensive were selected, their vitamin D levels measured and the vitamin D levels were compared to age and sex matched non hypertensive controls. STATISTICAL METHODS: Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis has been carried out in the present study. ANOVA test and Chi-square test was applied for quantitative and qualitative data respectively to find significant associations between two variables. RESULTS: It is seen from this study that serum vitamin D levels was lower in hypertensive patients when compared to non-hypertensive controls. Hypertensive patients had lower levels of vitamin D with vitamin D status of deficiency in 50% of the cases and insufficiency in 43.3% of the cases and normal levels in 6.7% of the cases. Non hypertensive controls showed vitamin D status of normal in 66.7% of controls and insufficiency in 33.3% of the controls without deficiency. Age of the cases, duration of hypertension, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure inversely correlated to vitamin D levels. Body mass index, diet of the patient, alcohol consumption, number of anti-hypertensive drugs, drug compliance, family history of hypertension and fundus status did not correlate to vitamin D levels. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the observations of the study, Vitamin D is an independent risk factor that is associated with primary or essential hypertension. The level of vitamin D also correlated inversely to age, duration of hypertension and systolic and diastolic blood pressure.


Highly conductive heavily iodine-doped polyacetylene changes from metallic to nonmetallic by room-temperature aging. For this change, thermoelectric power varies little, suggesting that the transition is not ascribed to change in carrier concentration but to increase of the degrees of disorder. Corresponding to the transition, low temperature magnetoresistance changes from negative to positive on crossing the transition. The magnetoresistance in the metallic region is interpreted in terms of weak localization, while that in the nonmetallic state is explained by field effect to variable range hopping conduction among Anderson localization states. The transition to the nonmetallic state proceeds inhomogeneously.


The star CD-42 ◦ 11721 is a curious B[e] star sometimes pointed as an evolved B[e] supergiant and sometimes as a young HAeBe star, due to very uncertain or even unknown stellar parameters, especially the distance. In this paper, we present new data gained from high-resolution optical spectroscopy and a detailed description of infrared (IR) data of this star. We present a qualitative study of the numerous emission lines in our optical spectra and the classification of their line profiles, which indicate a non-spherically symmetric circumstellar environment. The first real detection of numerous [Fe II] emission lines and of many other permitted and forbidden emission lines is reported. From our optical data, we derive an effective temperature of T eff = 14 000 ± 1000 K, a radius of R∗ = 17.3 ± 0.6 R� , as well as a luminosity of L∗ = (1.0 ± 0.3) × 10 4 L� . We advocate that CD-42 ◦ 11721 might be a post-main-sequence object, even though a pre-main-sequence nature cannot be ruled out due to the uncertain distance. We further found that the spectral energy distribution in the optical and IR can best be fitted with an outflowing disc-forming wind scenario rather than with a spherical symmetric envelope or with a flared disc, supporting our tentative classification as a B[e] supergiant.


The book publishing market has reached a point whereby many books are available in either print or electronic format. Libraries are confronted with a challenge - should a library buy books for its collection in print or electronic format? A recent quantitative study of use at Memorial's Health Sciences Library shows growing use of electronic texts, yet also shows stable use of print texts. Thus, the library is in need of evidence-based qualitative research that can be used to shape collections policy.

Replicating a survey from another institution, researchers at the Health Sciences Library conducted a web-based survey of all Memorial faculty, staff, and students, with three aims: To discover 1) if members of the university community are receptive to electronic books; 2) if they know we already have electronic books; and 3) how they actually use electronic books. This information will be used to shape collections policy, guide the development of instruction programmes, and direct promotional efforts.


One novel carbazole dendritic compound was synthesized by using modified Ullmann condensation reaction.The product was characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance(1H NMR,13C NMR)spectroscopy and time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-Mass).At the same time,the luminescent property and electronic property of the product were evaluated.Results show that the synthetic compound exhibits blue fluorescence at a maximum wavelength of 394 nm and low energy level of highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)as well.


CATSIB is a differential item functioning (DIF) assessment methodology for computerized adaptive test (CAT) data. Kernel smoothing (KS) is a technique for nonparametric estimation of item response functions. In this study an attempt has been made to develop a more efficient DIF procedure for CAT data, KS-CATSIB, by combining CATSIB with kernel smoothing. A correction for smoothing in boundaries is also implemented. It is hoped that such a methodology could provide a more powerful DIF technique for smaller samples while enhancing the interpretation of local DIF analyses. A simulation study was conducted to investigate the DIF estimation bias of KS-CATSIB in comparison to CATSIB with small samples. Sixteen DIF items varying in difficulty and discrimination were considered for this purpose. A sample of 500 examinees was used in the reference group and a sample of 250 examinees was used in the focal group. Preliminary results show that the correction for smoothing in boundaries, even though effective in reducing the bias in estimation, is still larger for KS-CATSIB in comparison with CATSIB. Therefore, DIF estimates associated with KS-CATSIB are statistically biased and would lead to high Type I error rates. Further modifications of KS-CATSIB are necessary before the program is ready for full implementation. (Contains 3 tables and 13 references.) (Author/SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. DIF Assessment of CAT Data: Kernel-Smoothed CATSIB Louis Roussos Law School Admission Council Ratna Nandakumar and Julie Cwikla University of Delaware


Patch test has been used to determine the existance of metal allergy, and the severity thereof has been determined by the change in skin color.In order to obtain an accurate judgment of the change in skin color, the statistical formulation was calculated based on colorimetric investigation into 9 kinds of color characteristics: 1) Spectral reflectance curve, 2) Color difference, 3) Depth of shade, 4) CIE Lab-L*, 5) CIE Lab-a*, 6) CIE Lab-b*, 7) Munsell-H, 8) Munsell-C, and 9) Munsell-V.The rate of the agreement with statistical judgment and that of conventional subjective was 100% in positive reaction, and ranged from 90% to 94% in negative reaction.In conclusion, the original statistical formulation based on colorimetric characteristics showed high level accuracy for determining the change in skin color reaction by the patch test.


Research in economics has traditionally been (and to a large degree still is) based on the development and analysis of highly stylized, analytically tractable models. However, thanks to the recent developments in computer technology and numerical methods, large-scale simulation is increasingly becoming a powerful and attractive new approach for understanding the characteristics of economic systems and deriving economic policy recommendations. In particular, by explicitly modeling the decentralized interaction of heterogeneous economic agents in systems such as markets, industries or organizations, agent-based computational economics (ACE) attempts to transcend the numerous oversimplifying assumptions underlying most mainstream analytical models.1 Recently published summaries of previous ACE work, most notably a volume of the Handbook of Computational Economics dedicated to ACE (Tesfatsion and Judd, 2006), demonstrate that agent-based modeling has not only been employed with success in many different fields of economics, but also that the majority of the existing work is of descriptive rather than normative nature. The aim of this special issue is to focus on the normative potential of the agent-based approach, in particular on the usefulness of ACE models for the evaluation and design of economic policy measures. Extensive discussions of the potential merits of the agent-based approach for economic modeling can be found, for example, in Pyka and Fagiolo (2007), Tesfatsion (2006), Axtell (2000) and Kirman (1997). Central themes in these discussions are the ability of ACE models to capture explicitly the relationship between structured interaction of heterogeneous individuals and the emerging patterns at the macroeconomic level, and to incorporate different types of boundedly rational individual behavior. In addition, a simulation approach allows us to study the open-ended dynamics (including the transient phase) of the economic system under consideration rather than restrict our attention to the existence and (local) stability analysis of equilibria or characterizations of limit distributions. Most of this discussion is based on a view of ACE models as means for economic theorizing (i.e. as a tool to gain a better understanding of general economic mechanisms in rather abstract settings). Without doubt ACE models have great potential in that domain. In the domain of economic policy, however, it seems that the ability to evaluate policies and institutional changes in rather specific models of particular economic environments (e.g. particular markets and/or industries, specific auction types, etc.) has additionally motivated researchers to rely on ACE models.2 An important aspect in this respect is that political decision makers might be more willing to trust findings based on rather detailed simulation models where they see a lot of the economic structure they are familiar with than in general insights obtained in rather abstract mathematical


Present work is focused on air flow and thermal visualization over radiators of power transformer by experimental and advanced numerical simulations using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for ONAF (Oil Natural and Air Forced) cooling configuration. Experiments are performed on in-house radiator test facility and commercial software is used for simulations. The study is performed on a group of 5 radiators with 27 fins, and 2 fans (of 1m diameter). Good agreement, between the numerical and experimental results, is reported for air flow, temperature distribution over the radiators and heat dissipation. For air flow visualization, simple threads (thin strand of cotton) are used to understand the air leakage from the sideways of radiators for vertical air flow and for temperature distribution over the radiator surface thermography is used. It is observed that CFD predicted regions of air leakage and temperature distribution matches well with experimental results. The study is useful for transformer designers and manufacturers, to understand the air flow distribution over radiators.


View of Torpedo Geyser at Whakarewarewa. There is a hut on the hill in the distance and a wooden footbridge in the foreground. Photograph taken by William A Price in Jan 1908.
Inscriptions: Photographer's title on negative - bottom right - Protd. W.A.P. 10.1.08.; Photographer's title on negative - bottom left - Torpedo Geyser. Whakarewarewa. 1358.
William Archer Price lived and practised in Queen Street, Northcote, 1909-1910. Source: New Zealand Post Office directories
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).
Physical Description: Dry plate glass negative 4.75 x 6.5 inches


Objective To discuss the necessity of building military pharmacy.Methods Military pharmacy in terms of disciplinary concepts,disciplinary identity from the scientific community,the direction and meaning of disciplinary construction.Results The need to construct military pharmacy was specified from the perspective of military development and military graduate education.Conclusion Construction of military pharmacy will help enhance our military core capabilities and medical support capacity to perform diverse military tasks,ensure drug safety,and enhance the ability of military pharmacy personnel training.Construction of military pharmacy disciplines is to follow the basic rules of disciplinary development and to adapt to the development of military graduate education.


When considering the energy saving of atmospheric and v acuum distillation unit, the reduction of process energy should be ultimate. Mea nwhile, reducing preliminary energy and increasing the heat recovery rate are th e key. This paper utilizes the three grade model to analyze the energy consumpti on of atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit in order to find efficient ways o f energy saving.


Scenario decomposition algorithms for stochastic programs compute bounds by dualizing all nonanticipativity constraints and solving individual scenario problems independently. We develop an approac...


We thank Dr Walsh for the insightful comments. Before addressing our concerns we would like to clarify that the numbers that Walsh refer to are not risks but relate to instantaneous hazard rates at the end of the study period. The magnitude of these rates can to a large extent be explained as an artifact of the fact that men starting treatment of 5a-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) have more contact with urologists and are hence often diagnosed earlier than they otherwise would have been. A risk measure that is more relevant is seen in Figure 1 (1), where the cumulative incidence shows approximately one-half the 8-year risk of prostate cancer in the exposed group and no decrease in Gleason Score of at least 8 disease. Nonetheless, these values are still remarkably low and, as pointed out by Dr Walsh, need to be interpreted with caution. We certainly agree with this and hope this caution was conveyed in our discussion about potential study biases and by the fact that our conclusion did not focus on a potential decreased risk of 5-ARI use but rather on the reassuring results of not observing any increased risk. To further draw attention to this, Thompson et al. wrote in the accompanying editorial ". . .with the fall in prostate specific antigen (PSA) with treatment, there may have been fewer biopsies among this group of subjects. While some of these factors may bias the study against finasteride, others have the opposite effect. In a cohort design, it is impossible to correct for these biases, and the results should be interpreted with caution" (2). The Swedish guidelines state that PSA among 5-ARI patients should be corrected when deciding about prostate biopsy referrals for these men. Although a recent publication found that the Swedish prostate biopsy guidelines are not followed satisfactorily (3), we argue that ascertainment bias is unlikely to explain all of the reduction in prostate cancer risk among 5-ARI users. In fact, we estimated the relative risk of 5-ARI users vs nonusers by means of data from the prospective and population-based Stockholm3 prostate cancer diagnostic trial (4), which used prespecified rules for biopsy decisions. Among 160 biopsied 5ARI users, we observed a relative risk of 0.61 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1⁄4 0.42 to 0.84) for all prostate cancer and 0.73 (95% CI 1⁄4 0.45 to 1.11) for a Gleason score of at least 7 cancer compared with biopsied nonusers (n1⁄4 6535 men). Our article reports results from the largest population-based study of its kind, and because it represents a clinical cohort it includes all levels of PSA and reflects the target population for 5-ARI prescriptions. Despite its inherent limitations, we believe it adds to the evidence that 5-ARIs can be used without increased risk for high-grade prostate cancer. However, we do not believe that there is adequate evidence for using the drug as prevention for prostate cancer. For this we have to rely on clinical trials. Dr Walsh preferred using the phrase "risk of prostate cancer diagnosis," and in reflection of the discussion above, we agree that this is a more accurate phrasing.


Direct-simulation Monte Carlo method is a stochastic analogue based to physics.Application of DSMC method to vacuum pump performance is introduced.


The effect of lithium chloride (LiCl) salt on vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of the binary ethanol-water system has been experimentally investigated at atmospheric pressure using modified Othmer equilibrium still. An effect of salt content in the range of 0 to 10 wt % has been investigated. The addition of lithium chloride to the solvent mixture produced an important salting-out effect over the alcohol and the azeotrope tends to be shifted when the salt content increased. The experimental data were correlated by the following models Margules, Van Laar, Wilson, NRTL, UNIFAC equation.


A new titanium-based chiral Lewis acid 1 has been developed using (1R,2R)-1,2-bis-(2methoxyphenyl)-ethane-1,2-diol as a chiral vicinal diol ligand. This chiral catalyst was found to exhibit uniformly high enantioselectivity towards carboxylic ester dienophiles in Diels-Alder reactions. The chiral vicinal ligand (1R,2R)-1,2-bis-(2-methoxyphenyl)-ethane-1,2-diol is inexpensive and is easily accessible. Keyword: Chiral Lewis acid, Chiral vicinal ligand, Diels-Alder reaction, Dienophiles, Carboxylic esters.


To determine the structure of foundation on a building construction is based on the building function. Foundation is a part of building structure that sustains the loading of above structure then continue it to the ground. In the building execution of Hampton's Park apartment, there were some obstacles, those are Cold Joint between the first and second layer at tower 1, and the high ground water table (MAT) at the construction site. To overcome this problem is done by using Calbond liquid and Dewatering method. It can be concluded that, raft foundation is chosen as the main foundation based on the environmental factors and the extent of land on the project, and ground conditions with ground water level is high.


The Alvand plutonic complex is located in Sanandaj- Sirjan Zone in south and west of Hamedan. Petrographic studies indicate that this body is composed of mafic intrusive rocks, porphyry granitoids and leoucocratic granitoids with various enclaves such as surmicaceous, mafic microgranular and felsic microgranular enclaves. Field, petrography and geochemical studies show that enclaves, the host rock and mafic rocks have calc-alkaline affinity and aluminum saturation index of the host rock is peraluminous and mafic microgranular enclaves and mafic rocks are metaluminous and in the boundary between metaluminous and peraluminous field. On the basis of spider diagrams, all rocks are depleted in HFSE and enriched in LILE. which is particular of rocks of the subdution zones. The complexity of the morphology of the enclaves (fractal dimension) confirms the importance of magma mixing in this body. Fractal dimensions of the enclaves vary between 1.08 to 1.21 and the frequency of Dbox=1.1 is the highest one in histogram. According to the fractal dimensions of enclaves, the logarithm of viscosity ration of the host rock and the enclave ranges from 0.48 to 0.74 with most values clustering around 0.51. Since the microgranolar mafic enclaves in the Alvand Plutonic complex are seen in different forms, this suggests that the effect of magma mingling (mechanical mixing) on the enclaves and the host have been various in different parts of the Alvand body so that from border of mafic body to center of granitoid body enclaves become smaller and fewer; and their fractal dimensions decrease.


McArdle's disease is an inherited disease that results from a lack of functional muscle glycogen phosphorylase. We report here the identification of a C to T transition in exon 1 of the muscle phosphorylase gene found in all patients studied. This base pair mutation results in the substitution of a stop codon (TGA) for the codon (CGA) for Arg49 in the mature protein, and generates a novel restriction site for NlaIII. Of sixteen McArdle's patients, ten are homozygous for this mutation; the remainder are heterozygous. Additional unidentified mutations must lead to the McArdle's phenotype in the latter group of patients.


The paper proposes a multi-path routing algorithm for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks,that is Energy Priority-Variety Multi-Path Routing Algorithm.EPMRA fulfills the historical data transmission by network on the basis of routing hops,remains energy parameters and energy consumption parameters.Furthermore,EPMRA can select a robust,reliable and load-balance routing from multi-path routings according to the real-time parameter.Therefore it can assure energy consumption more even,transmission more reliable and longer lifecycle for the wireless network.Simulation results under TOSSIM show that the algorithm has better performance in energy conservation,stability,extending network lifecycle.


In this contribution we present a new, objective-based controller which works on the basis of a Pareto set, that is the solution of a multiobjective optimization problem. The controller can be used for self-optimizing systems to adapt the system behavior in terms of the desired objectives in spite of unknown disturbances over time. New system configurations are computed, that fit best to the current situation. The objective-based control is realized by means of a discrete controller which operates in a large sample time due to objective evaluation. Parametric reduced models are used to shorten the simulation time during controller design. An active suspension system of a railbound vehicle serves as an application example. The controller is tested with different linear models of the suspension system and is finally applied to a Hardware-in-the-Loop test rig.


During aging at a temperature ranging from 650-950 ℃,the ferric matrix in duplex stainless steels undergoes various decomposition processes which could form the precipitates of the Sigma (σ) and Chi(χ) phases,as well as nitrides.It is well known that these precipitates lead to a reduction in creep ductility and adversely affect toughness and corrosion properties of steel.This experiment carried out qualitative and quantitative analyses of intermetallic phases and nitrides and established an analytical procedure,including specimen preparation,the choosing of the electrolyte and electrolytic systems,electrolytic isolation,wet chemical separation,and physical and chemical analysis,etc.The residues were collected by ultrasonic cleaning and filtration after galvanostatic electrolysis.Dynamic laser scattering sizer (DLS-sizer),scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to examine their structure,modality and size.Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD),oxygen-nitrogen analyzer and wet chemical analysis.Furthermore,there is a discussion on the effect of isothermal treatment on precipitation that occurs at different temperatures for different periods of time.


It is increasingly known how attractive activities in the Natural Environment are in general and school in particular, therefore to lead part of education outside the classroom can be very positive. Aiming to make the learning attractive and ensure that knowledge obtained through the experience and make them more meaningful, we find convenient to use the Photographic Rally as a teaching tool. This activity can provide us great possibilities to address different objectives. The approach and the features that will give you the right to one group or another and may be school children or adults. This activity gives us a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary work that integrates several subjects. Knowledge of the urban environment, such as natural provides a more holistic development of students. We propose a series of steps for processing and various examples.


Rapid technology growth and accessibility have changed the way people in the modern, developed world interact. The doubling of computing power every two years over the past 40 years as predicted by Intel co-founder Gordon Moore combined with the advent of the Internet has underpinned an accelerating pace of technological innovation in almost every industry. As a result, each modern generation has come of age in a time of new and ever more ubiquitous technology. Technology has not only changed the way we access information for shopping, socializing, and entertainment; it has also changed the way we work. But in most cases, outside of high-tech startup companies, the firms and enterprises in which we work have not evolved to keep up with and reflect the same pace of change.


The year witnessed a wide range of characteristically vibrant literary publishing across all genres in West Africa. Self-publishing continues to remain an attractive option in Nigeria and other West African countries, especially for young writers who are just launching themselves in the literary arena; and self-published authors are now taking on the additional responsibility of self-marketing their works. In a few instances, young writers are setting up small-scale publishing outlets. A good example is Joy Isi Bewaji's Eternal Creations Limited, which published Bewaji's Eko Dialogue, a collection of short stories dealing with the different social and economic tensions inherent in urban life. Bewaji uses Lagos as a metaphor for the contemporary African city where people struggle to make sense of lives that are rendered more depressing by various contending interests. Eko Dialogue has been nominated for the Drumline Media Best Book Collection Award. Bewaji's outfi t also publishes Genevieve magazine, which mainly deals with issues affecting women. The Igbo-descended African American Nnedi Okorafor-Mbachu won the 2008 Wole Soyinka Prize for Literature in Africa for her novel Zahrah the Windseeker (2005), defeating contenders from South Africa, Ghana, Benin and Côte D'Ivoire. The two runners-up, Uzodinma Iweala's Beasts of No Nation and Wale Okediran's The Weaving Loom (second and third, respectively), were also by Nigerians. Like much earlier Nigerian writing, Zahrah the Windseeker is based on the Nigerian Civil War. The novel explores Nigerian ways of life and world-views, what Olu Obafemi, the Head of the panel of judges for the Soyinka Prize, called "a highly technological world based on Nigerian myths and culture". Sefi Atta's presence on the Nigerian literary scene was further reinforced with the publication of her second novel, Swallow. This confi rms Atta as a writer with a deep interest in the socio-political trajectory of society.


The population dynamics of beaver was studied in SE Ohio from 1974 to 1978. All members of a local population were marked. Family units were a closed social system consisting of a monogamous adult pair, yearlings and kits. Two-year-old beaver dispersed from their natal site in the spring of their third summer of life. The average family unit size prior to dispersal was 5.85, between dispersal and birth of kits was 4.09, and after the birth of kits 6.04. Average annual litter size was 2.7. Litter size varied among years but not among family units. Outbreeding was the rule, only one parentprogeny pair bond formed after the over-winter loss of the adult male. This pair bond lasted only one breeding season, however. Members of each family unit remained together throughout the year and all members, including the adult male, participated in care of the kits.


In the article,we analysised the rainstorm process using conventional information,encryption data,strength,speed and wind profile data of Doppler radar,discussed the atmospheric circulation system in the westing process of the subtropical high;revealed the different reasons caused two heavy precipitation(more than 10 mm per hour) and the possibility of small and medium-scale system existed,displayed the vertical distribution of the wind field over the stations in the rainstorm process and the close relationship between the transmission、strengthen of the level air-jet and the heavy precipitation,and then proved that the heavy precipitation was caused by the transmission and strengthen of the low-level jet.


Mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters of the decidious teeth were measured in a sample of 100 Mulatto children from the Dominican Republic. Mean values for mesiodistal dimensions tended to be larger in boys than girls whereas the reverse applied for buccolingual dimensions, suggesting a possible difference in tooth shape between the sexes. Incisors and canines showed greater variability in crown-size than molars, a finding consistent with observations in other populations. Data derived from odontometric studies of human populations may be applied in many areas, including genetic, anthropological and forensic investigations, as well as in clinical dentistry. Furthermore, comparisons of tooth size and variability within populations provide an insight into the control mechanisms of odontogenesis. Although many studies of permanent tooth size have been published, there are still relatively few reports relating to the deciduous dentition. This study provides data on crown size in the deciduous dentition of children from the Dominican Republic and includes reference to sexual dimorphism in the mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters. Study Population and Methods Dental casts were obtained of the deciduous teeth of 100 Dominican Mulatto children, aged from 3 to 5 years, from Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, located in the Caribbean Archipelago. The sample, including 51 boys and 49 girls, consisted of unrelated children who were attending preschool institutions. Only children with a full complement of deciduous teeth, no restorations and no clinically detectable caries or tooth wear were included. Although it was not possible to ascertain prenatal nutritional conditions, none of the children suffered from dietary deficiencies or starvation after birth. At least 70% of the Dominican peo1Centro de Odontologia Pediatrica, P.O. Box 2753, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. 2Department of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia. Human Biology, February 1985, Vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 27-31 © Wayne State University Press, 1985 This content downloaded from 126.96.36.199 on Wed, 22 Jun 2016 05:42:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 28 F. Garcia-Goday, M. Michelen and G. Townsend pie are Spanish-speaking Mulattos whose ancestors were Black slaves from Africa and White settlers from Spain, whilst the remaining 30% consist of Whites of European descent and Blacks. Mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters were recorded to an accuracy of 0. 10mm using vernier calipers according to the definitions of Seipel (1946) and Moorrees et al. (1957). Double determinations of tooth measurements showed that experimental errors were small, standard deviations of a single determination (Dahlberg, 1940) ranging from 0.09mm


This paper shows that unfavourable audit reports cause significant falls in executive compensation. Economically, the effects are larger than accounting and market performance measures, and are particularly strong when: reports are modified for issues other than going-concern uncertainties; or, reports are newly modified. The first finding is consistent with the view that managers control the quality of financial reporting whereas going-concern uncertainties can arise due to exogenous changes in operating conditions. The second finding is consistent with prior evidence that newly modified reports signal more serious problems than repeated modified reports. Finally, there is a weak positive association between modified reports and CEO turnover. Overall, the results indicate that modified reports are costly to company executives.


The present essay aims to demonstrate with a theoretical and statistical analysis
Has changed the course of minority cultures thanks to the
International cooperation, in addition, to identify the key actors who
Minority groups to grow and expand in all corners of the world.
world.


| In our study, ZnONPs was prepared and characterized for investigation of pituitary-testes axis function in adult male rats. Fifty healthy adult male rats selected, weighted 300 ± 50 gm, randomly divided to five group each group have ten animals. One of them group consider as control group and other four group designed as (G1, G2, G3 and G4) group which receive oral dose of ZnONPs in different concentration (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kgB.W) respectively for 56 day. Blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture for serum collection in (zero time, 28 and 56 day of experiment). The results showed significant (P<0.05) elevation of testosterone and FSH hormones concentration in G3 and G4 after 56 day of experimental period as a compared with zero time and 28 day of experiment, whereas LH and inhibin B hormones concentration showed a significant (P<0.05) decrement in all group at 56 day as a compared with control group and other period time. Histological study of testes and pituitary gland showed different pathological changes on these two gland's tissue and cells as mild to severe effects especially at dose (20 and 40 mg/kg B.W). Histometric study of seminiferous tubules illustrated a significant (P<0.05) elevation of seminiferous tubules diameters in G4 group, whereas showed non-significant (P˃0.05) differences in number of interstitial cells in treated groups.


Development of methods for high-throughput production of nanoparticles (NPs) in a reproducible and controlled manner is important for the translation of NPs to the clinic. We report a simple and versatile coaxial turbulent jet mixer platform for high-throughput preparation of various functional NPs in a reproducible and controllable manner. With a production rate sufficiently high for in vivo studies, clinical trials, and industrial scale production, this approach has the potential to improve the homogeneity and provide better quality control in the translation of nanomedicines to the clinic.


We give a complete solution to the local classification program of higher rank partially hyperbolic algebraic actions. We show $C^\infty$ local rigidity of abelian ergodic algebraic actions for symmetric space examples, twisted symmetric space examples and automorphisms on nilmanifolds. The method is a combination of representation theory, harmonic analysis and a KAM iteration. A striking feature of the method is no specific information from representation theory is needed. It is the first time local rigidity for non-accessible partially hyperbolic actions has ever been obtained other than torus examples. Even for Anosov actions, our results are new: it is the first time twisted spaces with non-abelian nilradical have been treated in the literature.


Analysis of needle electromyography signal is used for the differentiation of neuropathy and myopathy condition from the normal. Amplitude based features such as root mean square and mean absolute value are used to differentiate between normal and pathological signals. Tunable-Q wavelet transform is used to decompose the frequency bands of the signal. Further, the same set of features are used to analyse each frequency bands. The results show that the proposed approach is able to distinguish between normal and different pathological electromyography signals better than the conventional time domain analysis. It is also observed that myopathy and neuropathy signals are comprised of high frequency components than low frequency components as compared to normal signal. The proposed method yields a higher significance with a p-value <0.05 between normal and each pathological signal such as neuropathy and myopathy.


In this article, the adaptive stabilization problem is addressed for a class of nonlinearly parameterized systems with quantized input. The quantizer parameters and virtual control coefficients are unknown, and the linearization of the nonlinear systems is uncontrollable. A novel nonlinear time‐varying model is proposed to deal with the quantized input. Through the proposed nonlinear model, the quantized adaptive control problem is converted into the adaptive stabilization problem for nonlinear high‐order system with unknown virtual control coefficients. Then, based on the tuning function approach and adding power integrator technique, adaptive laws and an adaptive state feedback controller are designed. Further, it is shown that by adjusting some design parameters, the proposed scheme enables the stabilization error converges to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the origin. Simulation is also provided to verify the validity of proposed scheme.


The first light source 1a is a first light flux having a first wavelength emitted, the second light source 1b includes a second light flux having a second wavelength different from the first wavelength, the first It emits a third light flux having a third wavelength different from of the wavelength and a second wavelength, a collimator lens 6, first objective lens 9 and the second objective lens 10 of the first to third light flux the condensed as convergent light on the optical disk, the first composite photodetector 13 detects the light beam reflected from the optical disk. First composite photodetector 13 includes a first quartered light-receiving portion 13a for receiving the light beam reflected from the optical disk of at least one light flux among the first to third light fluxes, from the optical disk of the remaining light flux and a second quarter-split light receiving portion 13b for receiving the reflected light beam. By this configuration, compatible with respect to at least three types of optical discs, it is possible to realize miniaturization.


Subsurface interpretation and modeling are crucial to the success of reservoir exploration and production, which often involves integrating multiple types of subsurface data and accomplishing a series of subtasks consecutively and/or in parallel. Those tasks include data processing and conditioning, structural mapping, property modeling, and others. With the emergence of machine learning (ML), each component of the subsurface modeling and interpretation workflow now has elements of ML automation incorporated into individual steps. However, there have been few attempts to generate an integrated end-to-end workflow that incorporates ML at every stage. This paper presents an end-to-end solution for subsurface modeling and interpretation that is powered by multiple convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Its performance is demonstrated on the Groningen gas field. The workflow can be subdivided into four parts, with the initial phase focusing on data preconditioning, particularly log quality control and reconstruction. Phase two focuses on seismic property estimation (i.e., relative geologic time) and structural feature identification and extraction (i.e., fault and salt). Phase three combines seismic feature extraction, log data, derived seismic properties, and interpretations to generate a 3D rock property model containing modeled gamma ray, density, velocity, and porosity properties. The final component is to validate the estimated subsurface properties by CNN-based seismic image simulation. The results demonstrated in the Groningen field show high accuracy, strong lateral consistency, and a good match with the dominant subsurface features documented in this area, including the Zechstein salt, the complex fault system, and the Rotliegend reservoir model. We conclude that this end-to-end workflow can be readily applied to other fields to provide a one-click solution for efficient subsurface modeling and interpretation.


This study aimed to identify the role of school management in facing drop out at government schools in Khan Younis Governorate from the point of view of teachers, revealing whether there are statistically significant differences between the average estimates of the sample members attributed to variables (gender, qualification, years of service, educational level). The study was based on the descriptive/analytical approach, with a sample consisted of (232) male and female teachers, who were asked to fill in a questionnaire consisting of (49) items.The study found that teachers' assessment of the role of school management in facing drop out was high, by a percentage of  (81.3%),; according to fields, the leadership role ranked in the first order, followed by the technical affairs "supervision" role ", and then the administrative role, and finally the social role. It also found that there are significant differences between the average of the sample estimates due to qualification and the years of service in favor of the bachelor's degree and the teachers with in service (more than 10 years), while there were no statistically significant differences between the average estimates of the sample estimates due to the variables: gender and educational level. The study recommended the importance of conducing workshops and lectures to present the developed countries experiments in facing schools' drop out  and train the school management on stress release as well as the organizational effectiveness.


A rapid multiplex PCR-polyactylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE) system was developed to detect genetically modified food.The genes modified steadily(35S,NOS,EPSPS,Cry1A and NPTII) in transgenic soybean,corn,cole,and the inherent control genes in plants(soybean Lectin,corn IVR and cole Napin) were selected as the target genes.And then nine primer pairs for the multiplex PCR were designed and screened out.A rapid detection system was developed for the transgenic food,which will take only 1-2 days for the entire detection,by combining the multiplex PCR with the high sensitive polyactylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE).185 commercial food samples in Zhuhai were detected to investigate whether they were genetically modified,and the ratio of positive samples was 27.6%.The method was proved to be simple,rapid and sensitive with low cost.We also know the generals of the genetically modified foods in Zhuhai by this test.


Abstract In the context of climate change, it is important to minimize the changes that are introduced in the territory adjacent to the object of human economic activity. In some cases, this can be done with the help of drainage-screened modules – an anti-filtration screen that redistributes the zone of influence of the drain placed near it. As a result, the drain regulates to a greater extent the zone of human economic activity (drainage system, tailing dump, populated area, etc.) and to a lesser extent lowers the level of groundwater in the adjacent territory. The use of drainage-screened modules in tailing farms, for the organized storage of mineral waste of enterprises makes it possible to increase the filtration stability of dike, ensuring the uniform operation of the tailing dams, as well as reliable removal of intercepted groundwater. This is achieved because in the tailing farm the dikes are intensified by drainage-screened modules. Water, filtered through the body of the dike and under it, is intercepted by a drain. A part of the filtration flow, which is not intercepted by the drain, is stopped by the anti-filtration screen.


The article deals with the problems of subject sphere poetics in the new drama represented by A. Chekhov's, L. Andreev's and M. Gorky's plays. It is proved that the writers' individual solutions of the problem of hero by the methods worked out in the 19th century psychological novel (mostly by Tolstoy and Dostoevsky) speak about the writers' contemporary vision of the dialogic nature of the human ego and the existence of different approaches to the interpretation of its contradictions, thus opening prospects for further development of Russian drama.


Work done in several areas to advance the state of the art of magnetic mass spectrometers is described. The calculations and data necessary for the design of inhomogeneous field mass spectrometers, and the calculation of ion trajectories through such fields are presented. The development and testing of solid state ion detection devices providing the capability of counting single ions is discussed. New techniques in the preparation and operation of thermal-ionization ion sources are described. Data obtained on the concentrations of copper in rainfall and uranium in air samples using the improved thermal ionization techniques are presented. The design of a closed system static mass spectrometer for isotopic analyses is discussed. A summary of instrumental aspects of a four-stage mass spectrometer comprising two electrostatic and two 90 deg. magnetic lenses with a 122-cm radius used to study the interaction of ions with solids is presented.


Colorado's FirstBank illustrated how taking a loan, mortgage, money saving and more should be less complicated and stressful through series of print ads, online ads and tv spots. All elements of the campaign are amusing, and it makes its point without being to goofy or over the top. With the print ads they really took…


Objective To explore the clinical application of 64 multi-slice CT(MSCT) in evaluation of primary osteoporosis.Methods 840 patients were clinically diagnosed as primary osteoporosis and were examined by 64 MSCT.300 patients were evaluated the lower grade osteoporosis(A group) and 300 patients were evaluated the moderate osteoporosis(B group),240 patients were evaluated serious osteoporosis(C group).All cases were assessed whether there was compression fracture with them.Results There were no significant difference between A group and B group(P0.05).There was significant difference between A group and C group and between B group and C group(P0.05).The risk of the compression fracture caused by C group obviously exceeded the one of A group and B group.Conclusions 64 MSCT can evaluate the extent of the primarily osteoporosis and predict the adventures of the compression fracture.


Cybersecurity threats exploit the increased complexity and connectivity of critical infrastructure systems. This paper investigates the context and use of key security technologies, processes, challenges and use cases for the design of advanced integrated architectures with security, safety, and real-time performance considerations. In such architectures, deterministic Ethernet standards are used as a baseline for system integration in closed embedded systems or open mixed criticality systems. Security-informed safety development processes for integrated architectures are required to prevent catastrophic failures caused by environmental and cyber threats, due to expanding number of security threats in complex and increasingly open systems. State-ofart safety/security processes for integrated systems in cross-industry environments are considered and similarities examined, for different types of integrated architectures. In integrated systems and IMA which share common resources, multi-level secure systems and composable modular architectures such as MILS based on separation kernels and ARINC653 API are gaining importance for design of safe and secure distributed applications with real-time performance requirements. Network security is a core component of the overall cyber-security and defense-in-depth capability for distributed architectures. Protection mechanism for information, interface and system integrity, communication availability, and data confidentiality are required for design of safe and secure integrated embedded infrastructure. In deterministic Ethernet networks with Time-Triggered Ethernet (SAE AS6802) and ARINC664 services, the network partitioning, dataflow isolation, configuration protection, per-flow traffic policing, link and end-to-end encryptions or authentication, and internal network device partitioned architecture can actively support security measures for mixed-criticality applications. This can be useful for design of open networked systems which can also accept previously unknown softtime and/or bursty traffic, while hosting highly critical functions with temporal boundaries. After an overview of security issues in networks within integrated architectures, this paper continues with discussion of MACsec and IPsec mechanisms, packet firewalls, secure shells and Denial-OfService (DoS) protection mechanisms for secure and deterministic L2/L3 networking. Introduction While safety protects the environment and humans from the system and catastrophic events, security protects the system from environmental and cyber-threats. Cybersecurity threats exploit the increased complexity and connectivity of critical infrastructure systems. Different vital assets, integrated transportation systems, onboard electronics, or avionics can be harmed by rogue cyber activities, and can create hazards to safety, financial stability, and reputation to OEMs, 1st Tiers, or transportation in general. Organizational risk objectives, the changing threat environment and business/mission requirements determine the level of cybersecurity risk management, to ensure sustainable operation of systems and society. The design and integration of systems which are resilient, and have a convincing safety case always need to take into account security threats and protection mechanisms, to avoid threats which have the potential to work around safety properties and create catastrophic system failures. This paper addresses system integration capabilities and considerations relevant to integrated system and network security. Integrated Systems and Security Advanced integrated systems for transportation applications are critical for the wellbeing of modern society. Aircraft, railway and automotive systems are converging toward similar integrated and technology capabilities – and the number of threats is growing. These systems and their respective embedded platforms become more open to accommodate different functions and provide optimized performance, such as IMA (Integrate Modular Avionics) tied to cabin functions or air traffic management, industrial Internet-Of-Things (IIoT), railway controls systems and TCMS or emerging automotive CAR2X architectures [16]. The embedded resources and assets are shared among different functions and components, but under certain conditions only or frequently also accessible to the external world. In advanced integrated real-time architectures which can host different critical and non-critical functions, the safety and security capabilities may impose additional performance limitations, such as the limitations on communication paths and additional processing latencies – to the point where only careful trade-offs and criteria selection can help to design sustainable and affordable system architectures. Integrated systems represent a set of embedded resources which can be adaptively used for hosting mixed criticality functions – hard RT, real-time and soft-time, with different functional, safety and performance requirements.


Objective: To study the relationship between P300 and Personality Characteristics. Methods: Twenty subjects were assessed on the Oddball-Task and the Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Results: The P300 amplitude was negatively related to the Persistence and the Harm Avoidance dimension scores of TCI; P300 latency was negatively related to the Novelty Seeking score of TCI. Conclusion: The personality of healthy subjects is related to the P300.


In recent years, it has been a great issue that the output is increased but with decrease in the income. The bottle-neck which restricts the farmers from increasing the income has transferred from the producing field to the circulation field. The low level of agricultural supply has limited the development of agriculture and incomes of farmers. It has a necessary trend to develop the supply chain management model for the agriculture products. The key is to make integration in the supply chain system, lower the cost of agriculture products circulation, improve the competence of the agriculture products and increase the income of the farmers. This paper starts from the concept of the supply chain of the agriculture products. The characters of the agricultural products and its supply chain are discussed in the paper. Then, this paper analyses the agriculture supply chain model based on supply chain management. Finally, this paper proposed the establishment of China's agricultural supply chain solutions. The purpose of this paper is to help develop the agricultural supply chain.


Heating of a single‐electron transistor (SET) caused by the current flowing through it is considered. The current and the temperature increase should be calculated self‐consistently taking into account various paths of the heat drain. Even if there is no heat drain from the central electrode of the SET due to transfer of phonons, the temperature of this electrode remains finite because electron tunneling decreases the temperature difference between the central and outer electrodes. Overheating effects can cause hysteresis in the I‐V curve of the SET in the vicinity of the Coulomb blockade threshold.


Recent observations of stellar hydrogen Ly-α line absorption during transits of some hot Jupiter exoplanets suggest the presence of a dense, fast wind that is blowing from planetary atmosphere (Vidal-Madjar et al. 2003; Ben-Jaffel 2007). Modeling efforts include 1D hydrodynamic models (Murray-Clay et al. 2009; Yelle 2004; Garćıa Muñoz 2007) and 2D isothermal magnetized wind models (Trammel et al. 2014), among others. In this work, we model the 2D structure of the irradiated upper atmosphere of a hot Jupiter planet and its interaction with the planetary magnetic field. We calculate self consistently the heating by stellar UV radiation and the cooling of the atmosphere by Lyα emission. We solve for the ionization structure assuming a 100% hydrogen atmosphere, accounting for the radiative ionization, recombination and advection of the gas. We show the effect of stellar tides and planetary magnetic field on the planet outflow and calculate the Ly-α transmission spectra of the resulting atmosphere.


Current commercially available diode lasers with output powers above a few watts lack beam quality, i.e. the ability to be precisely focused. Recent advances in coherent coupling 1,2 of such lasers open view to a new generation of high power, high beam quality, low cost lasers suitable for a wide range of technical applications such as microshaping or cutting. Therefore, we couple bars of 25 diode lasers with total output powers of 25-40 Watts and specially coated lowreflection front facets. Mutual coherence is achieved in external resonators as opposed to the internal resonator absent in our case. Additional elements like mode stops can improve beam quality. Here we present results on the coupling of gain-guided broad-area diode lasers in external resonators, both of single emitters and bars of 25 emitters. Also numerical simulations concerning the mutual coherence of the single emitters have been performed.


Construction products contributing to the chemical pollution can be problematic in all life-cycle phases of a product, prompting the question: are building certification systems supporting the reduction of substances of very high concern? This paper looks at major certification systems in use in Nordic countries: LEED, BREEAM-UK, -SE, -NO, and DGNB and their scope of chemical screening of building products, to assess whether the EU's Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) are effectively screened in sustainable building projects. Of EU's SVHCs documented in building materials, as evidenced by usage data in the Nordic Substance database, what percentage are effectively curtailed or prohibited in certified building projects? There are great variations in how a building certification system addresses the use of hazardous chemicals in building products. Chemical screening in certification systems is not comprehensive and existing screening in many cases is not aimed at the hazardous chemicals, which are actually in use in the European building industry. To address the burgeoning chemical pollution, the industry requires transformation to focus on elimination of hazardous chemicals in building products. Certification systems need to support this with screening that is more relevant, in short a screening that targets the most pernicious, as well as the most prevalent SVHCs found in the building industry in an approach that entails is a realistic work process for building industry consultants. Building products must have content declarations to provide the transparency necessary for this evaluation, allowing consultants as well as manufacturers to increase awareness of problematic substances and focus on healthier alternatives.


Genetic algorithms (GAs) have parallelism among applications of genetic operators to individuals, but in order to extract high performance of a GPU, parallelizing each genetic operator is desirable. This paper presents parallelization of the OX (order crossover) operator and experimentally show that our parallelized OX is effective on a GPU based on the CUDA architecture. The experiments with an NVIDIA GeForce GTX580 GPU show that our GPU program for the traveling salesman problem (TSP) is about up to 101.3 times faster than the corresponding CPU program on a single core of 2.67 GHz Intel Xeon X5550.


SUMMARY

Direct sampling of volatiles emanating from pears is shown to be a potentially useful and non-destructive means of assessing fruit ripeness as it is affected by time or treatment such as exposure to ionizing radiation.


Potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) is the second most important food crop in Kenya after maize (MOA, 2007). However, increased production in Kenya has been constrained by various factors including pests and diseases. Potato cyst nematode (PCN) is…


The paper carries out a review of the main functional aspects of an electro-energetic system, principles which lead to an evolution or even to a paradigm change the the control of such complex systems. The repositioning of the physical and information systems, mainly through the development of the computing and communication distributed entities, lead to a new structuring of the control approach in power systems, in accordance to the modern Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) paradigm.


This paper uses the task-content-of-occupations framework to analyze trends in employment and wages of female and male workers in the Indian labor market from 1994 to 2017. Workers are classified into four main occupational categories: nonroutine cognitive, routine cognitive, nonroutine manual, and routine manual. Decomposing the changes in employment shares into between-industry changes and within-industry changes across occupational categories reveals that within-industry employment changes have increasingly played an important role, suggesting the growing importance of using the task-content framework to analyze labor market trends. The biggest increase in employment shares is for nonroutine cognitive occupations for both female and male workers. The wage analysis reveals that, on average, the gender wage gap has been lowest in routine cognitive occupations for most of the period of analysis. However, the analysis finds no consistent, significant changes in wages based on occupational specialization during the period of analysis.


"World-class" manufacturing companies have recognized the economic importance of the decisions made during the engineering design phase of the life of a product. 75% to 95% of a product's cost is committed before manufacturing begins . Initiatives such as concurrent engineering, target costing, and quality function deployment are a result of this recognition of the impact the design process has on product cost.


The present invention relates to a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning apparatus (1), comprising a first and at least one heating member (9) / or cooling, at least a second member (13), a first member ( 9) and a second member (13) common to the power supply circuit (3) and a power supply circuit (3) of the manipulator (4). The first member and the second member cooperate to output the selected temperature of the air. The device is characterized in that it further comprises a first power supply relay member (9) (5) for cutting off. Relay (5) may be independent manipulator (4) is activated, and arranged in the circuit, so that the power supply to the second member (13) is independent of the relay (5) is active.


In this paper, I describe the Safety Research Institute and give details concerning the institute's human factors textbook and the educational program that has been developed using this textbook. The human factors textbook was created in order to shed light on human factors and mechanisms leading to human error. Thirty-two items were selected from general knowledge about human factors and these items were discussed using familiar examples and clear, non-technical explanations. An educational program, consisting of a series of lectures based on the principles covered in the textbook, has been created in order to further the understanding of human factors. The contents of the educational program have been arranged based on the needs of the students. Furthermore, we conducted a survey in which students were given a questionnaire in order to examine the educational effects of the textbook and lectures, and we are using these results to refine our programs. According to the results of the questionnaire, the lectures have received high ratings in terms of understandability and satisfaction. The results regarding the level of difficulty indicate the material covered in the lectures was at a level appropriate for the students.


The present invention relates to a method of forming the same MOS transistor structure (200,210,400) (300, 500), with respect to reduced gate leakage current and provide a high-k dielectric gate insulating film (202, 402) , while the decrease remote scattering simultaneously, thereby improving the carrier mobility of the resulting transistor.


Abstract : This monograph reviews the experiences of the US Army in planning and conducting rear operations during the Korean War and examines our current rear operations doctrine in light of these experiences. This review is significant because doctrine is developed based upon an army's war experiences or the wartime conditions it expects to encounter. During the Korean War the experiences of many leaders in the Army, and especially those of the Army staff in Washington, were grounded in the campaigns against the Wehrmacht in North Africa and Europe during World War II. It was natural to assume that these leaders' experiences would color their decisions regarding doctrine and force structure. In fighting the North Korean People's Army (NKPA) our army faced an enemy trained in the tactics of the Soviet Army and experienced what our current force may see in a future conflict. An analysis of these experiences may offer some insights into the requirements for an effective rear operations doctrine and its related tactics designed to fight Soviet deep operations. The study's analysis reviews both the US Army's and the NKPA's doctrines and tactics for rear operations and guerrilla warfare, respectively. The collision of these two doctrines is then reviewed to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the US Army's doctrine.


Nitromethane have been studied as a model for energetic materials. The phase diagram of Nitromethane has been investitaged by Raman scattering in the pressure and temperature range of 0–25 GPa and 293–423 K respectively. The phase transitions and the decomposition limits have been detected by analysis of the evolution of different Raman modes.


Writing usually regarded as the difficult skill to learn, because the learners need to
master other skills of English such as reading, speaking, and listening. Therefore learning
writing is complex activity for students because the learner needs to understand grammatical,
syntax, and vocabulary of the target language. This study analyzed on students" difficulty in
constructing descriptive text. The analysis was focused on the difficulty in constructing
descriptive text by following its generic structure and language feature. The aims of this
study were to Identify and describe the difficulties the students encountered in composing the
generic structure and language feature of descriptive texts. Qualitative research was the
method of this research. The subjects of this study were 27 of seventh year students of SMP
Miftahul Khoir Trowulan. The finding showed that the result of this research was all of
students didn"t have difficulty in constructing identification of descriptive texts; all of them
gave the general information about the famous person. But there were two students had
difficulty in constructing description of descriptive texts, and there were eight student had
difficulty in constructing simple present tense (subject-verb agreement).
Key words: Students' Difficulty, Descriptive Text, Generic Structure, Language Feature.


This "Inside the Vault" newsletter contains two issues. Issue 1 contains a lead article, "Reading the Fed's Playbook," a question-and-answer section, and a bulletin board. The Federal Reserve's primary mission is to ensure that enough money and credit are available to sustain economic growth without inflation. The article explains the Federal Reserve's monetary policy actions and provides recent history about the Fed's actions. The question-and-answer section focuses on gender wage discrimination. The newsletter contains an economic snapshot of the first quarter of 2001. Issue 2 contains an article, "The Cycling Economy," a question-and-answer section, and a bulletin board. The article considers whether the U.S. economy is growing or whether it is in a recession. The question-and-answer section focuses on the "yield curve," asking what it is and what causes it to be inverted. The section also asks about long-term interest rates. The newsletter contains an economic snapshot of the third quarter of 2001. (BT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Inside the Vault, 2001.


This paper proposes the development of a solar simulator in the parameterization of photovoltaic (PV) modules, employing Light Emitting Diodes (LED) as a light source, with its wavelength very similar to the Sun spectrum. The whole system was built with five types of LEDs, with different wavelengths, in order to emulate the sun spectrum absorbed by silicon PV cells. The LEDs can be activated independently, as well as its intensity, making it possible to create different irradiance profiles. The experimental results showed good approximation between the standard I×V curve and the solar simulator curve.


"Biometrics" means "life measurement" .The term is usually associated with the use of unique physiological characteristics to identify an individual. Biometrics is used in computer science as a means of identification and access control. It is also used to identify individuals in groups that are under surveillance. Latent finger prints are inadvertent impressions left by fingers on surfaces of objects. The main difficulties in latent fingerprint matching are unclear ridge structure, small finger area, and large non-linear distortion while rolled fingerprint are of larger size and contain more minutiae. Latent fingerprint identification is of critical importance to law enforcement agencies in identifying suspects. While tremendous progress has been made in plain and rolled fingerprint matching, latent fingerprint matching continues to be a difficult problem. The eventual goal of research is to propose a system for matching latent fingerprints to rolled fingerprints that is needed in forensics applications. The system will match latent fingerprints to rolled fingerprints that is needed in forensics applications. In this paper we will apply latent fingerprint algorithm to develop a minutiae-based fingerprint matcher that takes into account the specific characteristics of the latent matching problem.The experimental results indicate that singularity, ridge quality map, and ridge flow map are the most effective features in improving the matching accuracy. The matching module consists of minutiae matching, orientation field matching.


We consider a simple modification of the Chow group CH^2(Spec(k),3) using only linear subvarieties in affine spaces and show that it maps surjectively to the Bloch group B(k) for any infinite field k. We also describe the kernel of this map.


A new gas jet type Z-pinch source of 13.5 nm radiation, which has the characteristics of a gas jet electrodes configuration and the scheme for radial extraction of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light, has been developed. The gas jet type Z-pinch discharge has two nozzles and two diffusers. The EUV beam is collected from the side of pinch plasma, generated in between the inner nozzle and corresponding diffuser, at the radial direction. The design feature of the gas jet type Z-pinch source accommodates the cylindrical annular shape helium (He) gas curtain that is produced by the outer nozzle. The dimension of pinch plasma is FWHM diameter of 0.07 mm and length of 0.34 mm. The EUV output in 2 % bandwidth at 13.5 nm is 0.78 mJ/sr/pulse.


Nowadays, the curative effect of partial splenic embolization (PSE) is outstanding. It has been widely used in clinical practice and can be used as the complementary therapy of cirrhosis and spleen hyperfunction, while the clinical curative effect is supervised by a lot of factors. By searching the related references, the writer summarized some of the factors that affected the clinical experience, to expect this new technology for better clinical application.


Purpose
Although drawing from neoinstitutional theoretical apparatus and ontology, management fashion theory is understood as a theory that explains the transitory nature of popular ideas and practices while institutional theory explains their stabilization, persistence and further institutionalization. In a nutshell, it seems that being opposed to each other, these two theories describe and predict different, incommensurable diffusion trajectories and organizational behaviour patterns. The purpose of this paper is to unify these two competing perspectives.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper makes an attempt toward further unification of management fashion theory with new institutionalism by offering an alternative understanding and conceptualization of institutional change and deinstitutionalization and by distinguishing emerging concepts from already popular fashions.

Findings
Most emerging concepts never achieve popularity and disappear while few of them achieve massive media attention and diffuse widely becoming new management fashions. Once these concepts have achieved a wide popularity institutional forces would favor them and lead to further institutionalization. Institutional change is understood not as a deinstitutionalization of existing management fashion in terms of erosion, discontinuity or disappearance but as a decline in its media coverage while media attention focuses on new fashionable concept. The former management fashion gets institutionalized, institutional change occurs in terms of shifting attention toward new fashion and diffusion and institutionalization cycle restarts. Institutional prediction of isomorphism and institutionalization as irreversible tendencies thus can be unified with MF prediction about the bell-shaped curves in fashions' popularity. Therefore, postulates and predictions of management fashion theory can be derived from new institutionalism and vice versa.

Practical implications
The paper aims to cover, generalize and explain different trajectories of various management and organizational concepts, deducing theoretical propositions from both institutional theory and management fashion theory. Theoretical and methodological ideas offered in this paper can be helpful in future research on management fashions and diffusion. Studies on the evolution of management concept can benefit from proposed categorization and causal relationships between different stages of the life cycle.

Originality/value
Unifying seemingly conflicting and disparate perspectives and views allows making organization theory more coherent in terms of both explanatory power and ontological commensurability. Following other mature sciences, we share the same notion of progress, namely, the aim of achieving unification and demonstrating that different organizational theories still describe the same reality.


Indium nitride under high pressure (up to $50\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$) was analyzed by means of Raman spectroscopy. The wurtzite to rocksalt phase transition was evidenced at the pressure of $13.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$ and the pressure dependence of vibration modes of both structures was investigated, leading to the determination of linear pressure coefficients and mode Gr\"uneisen parameters. Influence of the pressure dependence of the energy gap on the spectra intensity is also discussed.


The intent of this article is to explore Levi-Strauss's mythical thinking and bricolage as valid concepts to explain, at least in part, the relationship between architecture (and its author) and its geographical and cultural context. The goal is to establish a reasonable parallelism between the forms of operation of the primary mind described by Levi-Strauss and the process of designing the architecture of the Finnish architect Reima Pietila. We will go through the example of Dipoli, the most paradigmatical work by Pietila, and his thought as he left it written. First, we analyzed the approach of Raili and Reima Pietila to primitivist elements in both formal and cultural ways, as a means to create and strengthen links between building, territory and society. Later we address the use of language as a tool, in both the creation of knowledge -by the primary mind- and in architectural production -by the architect-. The presence of the author in the composition and his handling of his creative repertoire stand the next sections. Finally, we analyze how Pietila achieve a sense of wholeness through linking his architecture with the environment.


A technique combining the pseudospectral time- domain with the alternating-direction implicit method to solve three dimensional electromagnetic problems is investigated. The proposed method with a suitable well-posed perfectly matched layer is developed as an accurate and flexible tool for the simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation and scattering in conductive and inhomogeneous media. This approach allows for an accurate treatment of curved geometries with a high efficiency. Numerical results show an excellent agreement with experiments for the prototyping of a patch-fed dielectric rod antenna at V-band.


The goal of a fault injection attack is to extract a secret key which is embedded in a cryptographic device by injecting a fault during execution of the algorithm. In particular, an attacker can extract the master key of the advanced encryption standard (AES) using only a one-byte fault injection. We propose a new countermeasure method resistant to fault injection attacks by checking the differential byte of the input and output in the encryption process and key expansion process, respectively. Based on the result of computer simulations and practical experiments, we suggest that our proposed AES implementation against fault attack has a superior error detection ability and improved efficiency compared with previous existing methods.


The triple responses in tomato seedlings were studied under different stress,IAA,ABA and ethylene.The results showed that LiCl,ABA and drought could promote triple response in tomato seedling,induce produc-tion of stress ethylene,and has synergy with ethylene in effect to the seedling.IAA and lower concentration of sali-cylic acid increased hypocotyl length of seedling,improved growth and resisted each other with ethylene.


Given Ω ⊂ ℝ N (N ≥ 2) a bounded smooth domain we establish a Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg type inequality on Ω in the case when a variable exponent p(x), of class C 1, is involved. Our main result is proved under the assumption that there exists a smooth vector function , satisfying and for any x ∈ Ω. Particularly, we supplement a result by Fan et al. [X. Fan, Q. Zhang, and D. Zhao, Eigenvalues of p(x)-Laplacian Dirichlet problem, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 302 (2005), pp. 306–317] regarding the positivity of the first eigenvalue of the p(x)-Laplace operator. Moreover, we provide an application of our result to the study of degenerate PDEs involving variable exponent growth conditions.


(57) Abstract: The present invention provides a CMOS compatible lateral DMOS transistor, and a method of making such transistors. An object of the present invention is to propose a method of producing a CMOS-compatible lateral DMOS transistor, such a transistor, wherein the transistor by an appropriate layout configuration, for very high drain voltage, or It can be selectively designed for power amplification at very high frequencies, and can be manufactured with little additional cost compared to customary submicron fabrication technique for CMOS circuits. Gate dielectric CMOS-compatible lateral DMOS transistor of the present invention, a current under the control gate flows (active) has a uniform thickness in the entire region. Under the control gate determines the threshold voltage of the transistor, is disposed near the surface of the zone (well region) having a high doping concentration, whereby this zone, all under the control gate in the active region It occupies an area, and a control gate, to end with a so-called drift space between the highly-doped drain region. The entire surface of the drift space is covered by the low concentration of the doped zones compared to doped drain region in a high concentration, where it has a conductivity type of the same type as the drain region (VLDD) .


A method is proposed to estimate the rotor time constant TR  of an induction motor without measurements of the rotor speed/position. The method consists of solving for the roots of a polynomial equation in TR whose coefficients depend only on the stator currents, stator voltages, and their derivatives. Experimental results are presented


This paper tackles the need for the elaboration of the theoretical basis and the development of practical recommendations for integrating the principles of a socially responsible concept into the strategic development of domestic enterprises. Achieving this task appears to be important in order to consolidate private and public priorities of increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian business. Our paper is based on an own and original survey. The basis for the survey became the information obtained through the survey of 500 respondents of small, medium and large enterprises of the Odessa region by the method of personal interviews, talks and questionnaires in 2016. The obtained results of the study were analyzed on the basis of a systematic approach using the method of structuring, empirical research and statistical analysis, expert evaluations and comparison, generalization, analysis and synthesis. Our results demonstrate that a socially responsible strategy of the development of enterprises of the region of any production size should consider the harmonization of the socially-economic interests of the concerned parties in order to prevent the emergence of economic conflicts.


Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to develop alternative analytical measures for the degree of operating leverage ( Design/methodology/approach - – The elasticity measures are constructed according to a theoretical formulation of optimal production level that corresponds to demand shocks for given predetermined levels of fixed cost. Findings - – The paper suggests two main findings. First, the analytical marginal Research limitations/implications - – This paper should be extended to encompass multiple shocks on demand and supply while investigating the empirical multi variants distribution of the shocks. Practical implications - – The model can be used by managers who are well informed about the fixed and variable costs of their firm. The model determines the mean profit- risk trade off which is an important factor in all investment decision problems. Originality/value - – Surprisingly and according to the best knowledge, this paper is the first attempt in the literature for alternative analytical


Supervisors' opportunity to observe incumbents' performance (i.e., how often a supervisor typically sees an employee's performance) has been suggested to be important for accurate performance rating and to be a moderator of criterion‐related validity. Here we test these suggestions and present empirical evidence for the effects of opportunity to observe. In Study 1, supervisors in a multi‐occupation/organization criterion‐related validation study for a biodata measure indicated the opportunity they had to observe incumbents. The data were split according to different levels of opportunity to observe. Higher validities were found when opportunity to observe was maximal. In Study 2, this finding was replicated using a cognitive ability test. These results suggest that psychologists should consider measuring opportunity to observe in criterion‐related validity studies.


In order to take full advantage of the tailorability of composite materials, the response of unsymmetric composite laminates is studied in an integrated analytical/ex perimental program. The laminates tested include a symmetric and an unsymmetric layup, [0 2/452] s and [04/454] I , constructed of the IM7/977-2 graphite epoxy material system pro duced by Fiberite. The test conditions simulated mclude both ambient and hot/wet condi tions in addition to tension and torsion. A quasi three-dimensional finite element program is used to evaluate the stress-strain response of these laminates. These responses are com pared with experimental observations.