For performance of endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD), such as with EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HG) [1,2], the fistula must be dilated so that the stent delivery system can be inserted [3]. We demonstrate herein a simplified technique for performing EUS-BD with a novel fine-gauge balloon catheter (REN Biliary Dilation Catheter; Kaneka Corporation, Osaka, Japan). This balloon catheter is designed for use coaxially with a 0.025-inch guidewire (●" Fig.1), having a lumen through which the guidewire can be advanced. In addition the catheter tip is only 3Fr in diameter and is tapered. For an EUS-BD procedure, the dilation device must have a fine gauge and adequate stiffness to dilate the fistula. After the bile duct has been punctured with a 19-gauge aspiration needle, this balloon catheter can easily be inserted without any dilation devices. Therefore, the risk for bile leakage from the fistula may be decreased because no device exchange is needed and the procedure time is reduced. A 77-year-old woman admitted for obstructive jaundice due to pancreatic cancer underwent distal gastric resection with a Roux-en-Y procedure. EUS-HG was selected as the biliary drainage method. First, we punctured the left intrahepatic bile duct with a 19-gauge aspiration needle (●" Fig.2a) and injected contrast medium. The lower biliary duct was obstructed. Then, we inserted the stiff 0.025-inch guidewire (●" Fig.2b). After the guidewire had been inserted into the intestine, the novel balloon catheter was easily and smoothly inserted into the intestine across the stricture site and Fig.2 In a 77-year-old woman with obstructive jaundice due to pancreatic cancer, hepaticogastrostomy is selected as the biliary drainage method. a The intrahepatic bile duct is punctured with a 19-gauge aspiration needle. b The guidewire is inserted into the biliary tract. c The stomach wall is dilated with the novel balloon catheter. d A fully covered metallic stent is placed in antegrade fashion.


Two studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that identification with academic achievement among Latino college students was related to the extent to which their ethnic group and significant others were linked to academic achievement. Participants completed a series of implicit association tests measuring the interrelations among academic achievement, self, and ethnic groups (Study 1) or significant others (Study 2). Study 1 revealed that the more college students identified with Latinos (relative to Caucasians) and stereotyped Latinos as low academic achievers (relative to Caucasians), the less they identified with academic achievement. Study 2 showed that the more Latino college students identified with significant others and viewed these significant others as high academic achievers, the more they identified with academic achievement. These findings are consistent with principles of cognitive consistency and stress the socio-relational facets of the academic self-concept.


Along with developing in depth of building market in our country,the managers of engineering cost have already known gradually that traditional management of budgetary estimate and budget must reform,and the cost management of engineering ought to nestled up against practice of market,and suitable for the needs of market.Do well on cost management of engineering under new situation,deal with economical theory,and there are practical significances, it's also problem urgent need to resolve by many construction enterprises at present.


American Library Association (ALA) standards for the accreditation of library schools emphasize the assessment of student learning outcomes; this is part of a broader accountability movement in higher education. This study reviews accreditors' statements on program assessment, past methods of evaluating library schools, and general definitions of measures of student learning. It then examines fifteen publicly-available "program presentations," self-study documents prepared for ALA-Committee on Accreditation visits and review, for descriptions of direct or indirect measures of student learning outcomes and their use for program-level assessment and improvement. Only seven of the Fifteen presentations describe the use of "direct" measures of student learning. Further research on program-level use of outcomes measurement would strengthen the profession and address external pressures for concrete accountability. Introduction As educational programs housed in institutions of higher education, library science programs are subject to a growing "culture of assessment" that has gained strength in recent years. There are increasing demands from state and national legislators for documentation of student learning1, and accrediting agencies, both regional (general institutional) and professional, have responded. The 1992 American Library Association Committee on Accreditation (COA) Standards for Accreditation of Master's programs in Library and Information Studies2 incorporate specific references to the importance of assessment at several levels. The standard for faculty (HI) requires that faculty "demonstrate skill in academic planning and evaluation." Two other standards are even more direct and explicit: II. Curriculum The curriculum is continually reviewed and receptive to innovation; ils evaluation is used for ongoing appraisal, to make improvements, and to plan for the future. Evaluation of the curriculum includes assessment of students' achievements and their subsequent accomplishments. IV: Students The school applies the results of evaluation of student achievement to program development. Procedures are established for systematic evaluation of the degree to which a program's academic and administrative policies and activities regarding students are achieving its objectives.3 Because the standards specify the importance of evaluation and evaluative data, this article examines program presentations prepared for ALA accreditation - the primary documentation of how the standards are met- to review in what way library and information science (LIS) masters programs report that student learning outcomes are assessed and their evaluation utilized in program planning. Background Professional accreditation is part of overall academic evaluation. The public's view of institutional evaluation has largely revolved around input and process variables. For the 2006 U.S. News and World Report college rankings, the largest single factor (25%) was a reputational survey. Input data (quality of students, faculty characteristics, and spending per student) made up approximately 35%; process variables such as class size approximately 10%; and a type of indirect outcomes data - graduation and retention rates - the remainder.4 The National Survey of Student Engagement, something of a competitor in terms of institutional assessment, is primarily process-oriented, asking students what kinds of educational experiences they have engaged in at their institution.5 There have been relatively few attempts to rate or rank library schools. The U.S. News graduate school rankings for library science and the White studies use only reputational surveys.6 Other researchers have studied faculty (e.g. publications7 and general qualifications8); student or alumni feedback9 and employer feedback.10 Some review administrative inputs such as faculty-student ratio or budgets." To a large degree dissatisfaction with these reputational, input and process oriented approaches contributed to the growing development of an outcomes-based approach, strengthening in the 1980s and 1990s. …


This positioning article explores a reimagining within the field of applied theatre where through the medium of puppetry, the art and artist may become one as a way of healing. Building upon conceptual principles of animism, transference and embodiment, it is proposed that puppeteer
 training be usefully integrated into the higher education applied arts and health curriculum as an extension to existing programmes. Value is given to the metaphorical use of the puppet in both education and therapy. It is proposed that puppeteers may gain value from engaging with cross-disciplinary
 art-based research as a way to further understand puppetry's uses and furthering their own practices.


Cloud pollution on remote sensing images seriously affects the actual use rate of remote sensing images. Therefore, cloud detection of remote sensing images is an indispensable part of image preprocessing and image availability screening. Aiming at the lack of short wave infrared and
 thermal infrared bands in ZY-3 high-resolution satellite images resulting in the poor detection effect, considering the obvious difference in geographic height between cloud and ground surface objects, this paper proposes a thick and thin cloud detection method combining spectral information
 and digital height model (DHM) based on multi-scale features-convolutional neural network (MF-CNN) model. To verify the importance of DHM height information in cloud detection of ZY-3 multi-angle remote sensing images, this paper implements cloud detection comparison of the data set with and
 without DHM height information based on the MF-CNN model. The experimental results show that the ZY-3 multi-angle image with DHM height information can effectively improve the confusion between highlighted surface and thin cloud, which also means the assistance of DHM height information can
 make up for the disadvantage of high-resolution image lacking short wave infrared and thermal infrared bands.


R ATHER THAN DISCUSS THE FULL ARRAY of the programs supported at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, I will focus on a subset of our extensive research on adolescence. First, my training is in social demography, and that makes a conference on the strengths and potentials of adolescents especially appealing. Demographic research examines the full sweep of the population, a perspective sometimes lost when we target a particular "problem." As you heard today, many teens are doing very well. But there is a tension in research: Do we focus on high risk and special groups with clearly identified problems or do we emphasize the broad range of adolescent behavior? It is fruitless to argue one versus the other because we need a balance. Such a balance could help to avoid some pitfalls that come from focusing on defined problem behaviors or people experiencing those problems. Since this is a diverse audience, my goal is to offer some ideas of what sociodemographic research on adolescence can do for you and what you can do for research. Since broad-based research lacks the specific tie with a "problem," it may appear detached from the real and immediate problems of providers. But I propose that there are advantages in such research for all of us. Social and demographic research needs to be informed by the experiences of those who deal with adolescents daily. I believe that the most productive strategy is for these two perspectives to work together. A couple of case studies illustrate that how we conceptualize problems influences how we think of interventions. Social and demographic research can help to define problems more broadly than can clinical insight. There is considerable concern today with changing patterns of family formation and much talk of how fertility has declined, how


The studies dealing with micropolar magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows usually ignore the micromagnetorotation (MMR) effect, by assuming that magnetization and magnetic field vectors are parallel. The main objective of the present investigation is to measure the effect of MMR and the possible differences encountered by ignoring it. The MHD planar Couette micropolar flow is solved analytically considering and by ignoring the MMR effect. Subsequently, the influence of MMR on the velocity and microrotation fields as well as skin friction coefficient, is evaluated for various micropolar size and electric effect parameters and Hartmann numbers. It is concluded that depending on the parameters' combination, as MMR varies, the fluid flow may accelerate, decelerate, or even excite a mixed pattern along the channel height. Thus, the MMR term is a side mechanism, other than the Lorentz force, that transfers or dissipates magnetic energy in the flow direct through microrotation. Acceleration or deceleration of the velocity from 4% to even up to 45% and almost 15% deviation of the skin friction were measured when MMR was considered. The crucial effect of the micromagnetorotation term, which is usually ignored, should be considered for the future design of industrial and bioengineering applications.


Let T be an n-vertex tree and e its edge. By n1(e|T) and n2(e|T) are denoted the number of vertices of T lying on the two sides of e; n1(e|T) + n2(e|T) = n. Conventionally, n1(e|T) ≤ n2(e|T). If T′ and T′′ are two trees with the same number n of vertices, and if their edges e1′,e2′,l,en-1′ and e1′′,e2′′,l,en-1′′ can be labelled so that n1(ei′|T′) = n1(ei′′|T′′) holds for all i=1,2,l,n–1, then T′ and T′′ are said to be equiseparable. Several previously studied molecular–graph–based structure–descriptors have equal values for equiseparable trees, which is a disadvantageous property of these descriptors. In earlier works large families of equiseparable trees have been found. We now show that equiseparability is ubiquitous, and that almost all trees have an equiseparable mate. The same is true for chemical trees.


The constellation of genetic defects following prenatal exposure of the foetus to thalidomide constitutes the thalidomide embryopathy, characterized by typical malformations of the extremities. Thalidomide was a sedative that proved to be very effective against morning sickness and was consumed by many pregnant women in Europe in the 1950's. Later on it became apparent that it was a very potent teratogenic factor that crossed the placental barrier and caused severe genetic birth defects to the foetus, affecting ~ 10.000 children. Today thalidomide is in use again as an effective treatment for a number of diseases like leprosy, multiple myeloma and pulmonary fibrosis. With many patients in Europe reaching maturity, as well as a number of new cases in Africa and South America, the effect of the syndrome is still present.


Background The administration of nebulized lidocaine before fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) is preferred than conventional lidocaine spray methods in reducing complications, reducing the need for additional lidocaine doses, and decreasing the incidence of lidocaine adverse effects. The use of nebulized lidocaine through continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) seems to be superior owing to rapid and deep deposition of the anesthetic agent. The aim of this research is to study if the use of nebulized lidocaine through CPAP is superior to the conventional methods of lidocaine spray before FOB. Patients and methods An observational prospective cohort study was performed in the Chest Department at Ain Shams University hospitals on 40 patients subjected to FOB. They were randomly divided into two groups: group A included 20 patients who underwent FOB using nebulized lidocaine through CPAP, and group B included 20 patients who underwent FOB using conventional lidocaine spray. After doing FOB, we noticed the need for additional doses of lidocaine to complete FOB, duration of FOB, easy entry of the FOB, and incidence of complications. Results Interestingly, patients in group A needed less additional doses of lidocaine spray to complete FOB. Moreover, they had less incidence of coughing and occurrence of gag reflex during FOB, and also less patients' discomfort, but both duration of FOB and easy entry of the FOB are the same in both groups. Conclusion Administration of nebulized lidocaine through CPAP before FOB leads to decreased use of lidocaine with less incidence of its adverse effects when compared with conventional method of lidocaine spray, and also it has better patient acceptance than lidocaine spray owing to its unpleasant taste. So it should be recommended for use before FOB on a wider scale.


Material chemical and biological protection taking selection permeable protection according to the invention, the sheath 10 and the toxicant is block the penetration, and the the functional polymer layer 30, for discharging water, wherein the sheath (10) and the functionality comprises a fabric It comprises a reinforcement layer (40) for supporting the support layer 20, made of a fabric, the sheath 10, support layer 20 and the functional polymer layer 30 disposed between the polymer layer 30, metaplasia method of manufacturing a protective dose selection permeable protective material comprises: a base layer laminating step (S110) for laminating the sheath (10) on one side of the support layer 20, a base polymer, functional polymer, the crosslinking agent and the functional polymer solution was prepared comprising: compounding an anti-foaming agent ( S120), and the sheath 10 are also functional polymeric coating step (S130 to coat the other side of the polymer solution prepared in the above-mentioned functional polymer solution production step (S120) of the non-laminated support layer 20), the functional polymer layer( 30) and the firing step (S140) of firing for a fixed time at a given cost coating support layer 20, the temperature, the laminated reinforcing layer made of a plastic sheath 10, support layer 20 and the functional polymer layer 30 to the fabric but attached to 40, and is not the base layer 20 is formed in the functional polymer layer 30 comprises a surface reinforcing layer bonding step (S150) that is bonded to the reinforcing layer (40).


This study aims to examine the inter-district and inter-village variation of utilization of health services for institutional births in EAG states in presence of rural health program and availability of infrastructures. District Level Household Survey-III (2007–08) data on delivery care and facility information was used for the purpose. Bivariate results examined the utilization pattern by states in presence of correlates of women related while a three-level hierarchical multilevel model illustrates the effect of accessibility, availability of health facility and community health program variables on the utilization of health services for institutional births. The study found a satisfactory improvement in state Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, importantly, in Bihar and Uttaranchal. The study showed that increasing distance from health facility discouraged institutional births and there was a rapid decline of more than 50% for institutional delivery as the distance to public health facility exceeded 10 km. Additionally, skilled female health worker (ANM) and observed improved public health facility led to significantly increase the probability of utilization as compared to non-skilled ANM and not-improved health centers. Adequacy of essential equipment/laboratory services required for maternal care significantly encouraged deliveries at public health facility. District/village variables neighborhood poverty was negatively related to institutional delivery while higher education levels in the village and women's residing in more urbanized districts increased the utilization. "Inter-district" variation was 14 percent whereas "between-villages" variation for the utilization was 11 percent variation once controlled for all the three-level variables in the model. This study suggests that the mere availability of health facilities is necessary but not sufficient condition to promote utilization until the quality of service is inadequate and inaccessible considering the inter-districts variation for the program implementation.


Miscible and/or near miscible CO2 flood are among the most widely used enhanced oil recovery techniques. The successful design and implementation of a miscible gas injection project is dependent upon the accurate determination of MMP[1]-[9], the pressure above which the displacement process becomes multicontact miscible. This paper presents a method to get the characteristics curve of multicontact. The curve can illustrate the character in the Miscible and/or near miscible gas injection processes, based the curve, From the change of characteristics curve of multicontact ,we can known the type of the displacement, and the influence of injection gas to the MMP.


The nonlinear integrated optimization of the CCD camera calibration based on radial alignment constraint was introduced. The Harris algorithm was used to detect the calibration plate corner of the image coordinates so as to ensure the stability and reliability of corners of the board;after the RAC two-step calibration , all the camera model parameters based on radial alignment constraint was nonlinearly integrated optimized by the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm,and the accuracy of the calibration is increased. Experimental results show that this approach has a high accuracy , can significantly reduce every error on the calibration of the CCD camera,and increase the accuracy of three-dimensional measurement with machine vision method.


Abstract : The system of partial differential equations governing the nonlinear transient motion of a cable immersed in a fluid is solved by finite difference methods. This problem may be considered a generalization of the classical vibrating string problem in the following respects: (a) the motion is two dimensional, (b) large dis placements are permitted, (c) forces due to the weight of the cable, buoyancy, virtual inertia of the medium and damping or drag are included, and (d) the cable is assumed to be nonuniform. The numerical solution of this system of equations presented a number of interesting mathematical problems related to: (a) the nonlinear nature of the equations, (b) the determination of a stable numerical procedure, and (c) the determination of an effective computational method. The computation is programmed for a high- speed calculator (UNIVAC system). The solution of this problem is of practical significance in the calculation of the transient forces acting on mooring lines due to the bobbing up and down of ships during the period preceding large scale explosion tests, as well as in many other applications involving mooring or towing operations.


Sustainable mobility is an essential issue to take for the town planning of a great city. When a high tourist flow is present, the city should be provided of low pollutant emission vehicles for the public transport in order to preserve the environment. Venice is an UNESCO World Heritage Site, where the urban public transport is almost exclusively carried out by boats. This paper deals with the design of a new small passenger craft to be operated in the Venice Lagoon with hybrid-electric propulsion. An innovative hullform has been conceived in order to get wave reduction useful to lower both the impact on the foundations of buildings and the energy consumption of the craft. Moreover, a suitable LVDC Integrated Power System has been adopted to enable the Zero Emission Mode navigation.


A method for the synthesis of 7,10-dimethyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1 H -spiro[benzo[ h ]quinazoline-5,1'-cyclopentan]-4(6H)-one has been developed on the basis of ethyl ester of 4'-amino-5',8'-dimethyl-1' H -spiro[cyclopentan-1,2'-naphthalene]-3'-carboxylic acid. The interaction of this spirobenzo[ h ]quinazoline with various alkyl(aryl)halides was used to synthesize a new class of sprobenzo[ h ]quinazoline derivatives containing methyl substituents in the benzene ring. The anticonvulsant, antidepressant, and antibacterial properties of synthesized spirobenzo[ h ]quinazoline derivatives were investigated.


In this paper we present our project that aims at determining accurate distances and proper motions for the Y brown dwarf population using the Hubble Space Telescope. We validate the program with our first results, using a single new epoch of observations of the Y0pec dwarf WISE J163940.83$-$684738.6. These new data allowed us to refine its proper motion and improve the accuracy of its parallax by a factor of three compared to previous determinations, now constrained to $\varpi = 211.11 \pm 0.56$ mas. This newly derived absolute parallax corresponds to a distance of $4.737 \pm 0.013$ pc, an exquisite and unprecedented precision for faint ultracool Y dwarfs.


Sir, In their paper entitled 'Eczema and Infant diet', Fergusson et al. (1981) conclude that they were unable to demonstrate a significant effect of breast-feeding on the incidence of atopic eczema. They state that, 'children whose milk intake was solely breast-milk for 4 months did not differ from children receiving cows' milk'; the incidence of eczema was 15-39 and 16-61% respectively. However, it is in fact clear from the data reported in this paper that the incidence of eczema was halved by exclusive breast-feeding, if only those infants having an atopic parent are considered. It seems curious that the authors have omitted to draw attention to this important finding. As the incidence of eczema will in any case be higher in this subgroup, any benefit from breast-feeding is more likely to be manifest. The prophylactic benefit of breast-feeding will inevitably be obscured where the study group is unselected in terms of family history of atopy, and this has been a major flaw in the design of several studies of this type. One can conclude from this survey that breast-feeding protects genetically 'at risk' infants, while there is no evidence that this is so for other infants. Diagnosis of atopic eczema in early infancy is notoriously difficult, and other rashes are very common. It is not clear whether the mother or the family doctor made most of the diagnoses in this study. The use of topical corticosteroids is perfectly appropriate for many other eruptions in infancy, particularly for primary irritant napkin dermatitis, which has an incidence similar to that of atopic eczema itself. The type of treatment prescribed therefore provides no information of any value in retrospective confirmation of the accuracy of a diagnosis of atopic eczema.


We developed method of arbitrary nanopatterning inside nanochannels by integration of top-down and bottom-up approaches which is technically supported by our glass room-temperature bonding and high precision position control techniques. With this method, we achieved protein nanopatterning in nanochannels, a core step of the nanochannel-based single molecule analysis.


OBJECTIVE?To study the distribution of genetic polymorphism of the 32 basepair deletion mutation CCR5 gene and evaluate their gentic susceptibility to HIVⅠinfection in Koreans Chinese public of Yanbian.?METHODS?120 cases of genomic DNA were extracted by phenol/chloroform extracting and the 32 basepair deletion of CCR5 gene in genomic DNA were tested by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).?RESULTS?There was no the CCR5Δ32 genotype in observed 120 of in Koreans Chinese public of Yanbian.?CONCLUSION?The Koreans Chinese of Yanbian might have a high susceptibility to HIVⅠstrain, thus we can get same important gentic information on epidemiology, prevention and treatment in Koreans Chinese public of Yanbian.


Tourism is unarguably a major export service of Thailand. However, the tourism industry in Thailand, primarily Phuket which is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the country, has been negatively influenced in recent years by a number of crises - predominantly the economic crisis. Such a crisis has resulted in limited travel budget not only for domestic but also overseas tourists. As one of the most important tourism suppliers, hotel business has also been affected by an economic crisis. Consequently, it is crucial for hotels to understand the characteristics of economic crises and come to terms with the critical factors contributing to successful crisis management in order to sustain tourism businesses through economic crises. To this end, the core aim of this research is to identify the critical factors responsible for effective economic crisis management using hotels in Phuket as a case study. Through qualitative data collection and the analysis of in-depth interviews, the findings of these interviews provide both rich and substantively meaningful understanding of pertinent crisis management issues.


The charge stability diagram for two coupled quantum dots containing up to two electrons is computed in magnetic fields. One- and two-particle Schroedinger equations are solved by exact diagonalization to obtain the chemical potentials and exchange energy in these systems. By analyzing the chemical potentials variation with external biases and magnetic fields, it is possible to distinguish between the weak and strong inter-dot couplings. The variation of the chemical potential curvatures and the double-triple point separations in the stability diagrams confirms the inter-dot coupling decrease with increasing magnetic fields. The computed exchange energies are also found to be significantly smaller than the values estimated from the stability diagram.


Two approaches have been investigated for the MOCVD of high-κ hafnium silicate (HfSixOy) films for gate dielectric applications. The first approach using the novel "single source" precursor [Hf(OSiButMe2)4(Et2NH)], gave a level of Si (∼10 at%) which showed little variation over a range of growth temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The second, more flexible approach, uses two separate Hf and Si sources, Hf(NMe2)4 and ButMe2SiOH, and allows good control of the Si concentration in HfSixOy, depending on the relative precursor ratios, up to a maximum level of 18 at%. The dielectric properties of the HfSixOy films deposited by this method were shown to be very good. In the dual source process it is proposed that an intermediate containing direct Hf–OSiButMe2 bonds is formed in situ in the gas phase. The crystal structure of [Hf(OSiButMe2)4(Et2NH)] is also reported.


This paper scrutinises the supposed benefits of diversity for financial risk management on the dimensions of gender and age. Using employee survey responses from ten large banks we find that females are no more likely than males to manage risk well after controlling for individual risk attitudes. We observe wide dispersion of risk tolerance for both genders in the banking workforce. Gender differences in risk tolerance are decreasing in seniority, suggesting that female managers are very similar (in this regard) to their male counterparts. In contrast, older workers report more desirable risk management behaviour than their younger peers even after controlling for risk tolerance, suggesting that the benefits of experience for risk management go beyond just individual risk attitudes. To better understand the formation of business unit culture we also investigate the relationship between risk culture and demographics at the business unit level. We find no association between gender/age distribution of business units and their risk culture, nor between the gender/age of business unit leaders and their unit's risk culture.


Higher education institutions (HEIs) have been urged to integrate sustainability across all their structural and organizational dimensions. A promising area of research and practice that can help to deliver this is organizational change management for sustainability. While this field has received increasing attention over the past decade, a comprehensive assessment is still lacking. Therefore, a systematic quantitative review was carried out to summarize and synthesize the academic literature on organizational change management approaches that aim to holistically embed sustainability in HEIs. Furthermore, this review aims to illustrate what change factors have been observed and how they have been analyzed, and from this highlight implications for practice and pathways for future research. The literature reviewed puts strong emphasis on change processes and human factors, as well as elements of the institutional framework, such as vision and strategy. The findings highlight the value of strategic and reflective actions, the importance of understanding and actively shaping change processes, and that change towards sustainability requires broad stakeholder input and commitment. This review serves as an important reference point for future research and practice.


The ACPNS Quarterly Case Notes Series summarises nonprofit cases noted in each quarter and links them directly to its full case notes posted to QUT ePrints, an institutional Internet repository of research output of QUT staff and postgraduate students. The papers deposited in QUT ePrints are freely available, with an advanced search facility available.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the hazard perception level of eight safety colors designated by JIS Z9103 using Chinese students residing in Beijing and Nanjing as subjects. These eight colors consist of six safety colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and reddish purple; and two contrast colors: black and white. The perceived hazard levels of the eight colors were rated by 460 Chinese students using a Likert-type scale. The results revealed that the ratings of orange and yellow were not significantly different in Beijing and Nanjing. However, in Beijing, there was a remarkable difference between the withand without-context conditions in the ratings of red and white. It is implied that the ratings of the students residing in Nanjing reflected Chinese characteristics to a greater extent than those residing in Beijing. Key Word : Safety Color, Hazard Perception, China


Negotiating the shadows of the past is a central theme in this analysis of intercountry adoptees. The negotiation is multifaceted and includes adoptees' past experience before their migration to Australia and also includes their experiences of settlement into a new family in a new country. This chapter interrogates the notion that intercountry adoptees lack representation as a collective immigrant community in their own right. While the group is often examined in the context of their adoptive status, few examinations approach them as migrants, thus denying opportunities to understand these aspects of their identities. This chapter explores the notion of a hybrid identity, using this to discuss how intercountry adoptees experience belonging to a possible community. The chapter concludes that intercountry adoptees need to be repositioned as migrants as well is adoptees, and that the process of their settlement and fluid cultural identities are central to their sense of belonging. Examples are taken from a range of adoptees including those from South Korea, China and Ethiopia.


this paper presents an educational experiment involving written productions in various genres in the discipline of sociology, a group of high school. Topics such as organic intellectual, social problems and identity were the most involved the production and research students.


 Abstract— My paper aims to describe how Surabaya facilitates to strengthen ASEAN socio-cultural pillar through her special program called ―Rumah Bahasa‖ (Language House) that has been designed for Surabaya populace preparedness to develop a new identity into a larger ASEAN Community. Language skill is a necessity to enable people interact a superblock as ASEAN community. Surabaya City Government is preparing herself to welcome ASEAN community that comes into effect at the end of this year. As the second largest city in Indonesia, Surabaya has a vital role to strengthen ASEAN socio-cultural pillar through programs. One of her notable program is by establishing ―Rumah Bahasa‖, a free language training for ordinary people. This program is a breakthrough since Surabaya can be an indicator of Indonesia's preparedness to a competition and cooperation within ASEAN. Surabaya also is a home of about three million people with large differences, that has a potency to contributing the successful of the implementation of ASEAN Community. ―Rumah Bahasa‖ facilitates the meeting of different people with different background. Language training provides opportunity, not only for meeting and gathering for Surabaya's citizens, but it is also a ―meeting point‖ that helps Surabaya to form itself to become a centre of activities as well as to form a metropolitan behaviour among its populace.


Creating effective learning experiences with limited educational resources has caused educators to attempt to maximize the value of field trips. A common problem associated with field trips is an anxiety felt by students in new surroundings that can adversely affect their learning. Pre-visit activities prior to a field trip increase attentiveness and learning of students. In some instances, garden staff or teachers inform students about an upcoming field trip by lecturing about the destination or by engaging students in activities relating to the trip. Unfortunately, school budgets and time necessary for such pre-visit activities are not always available. The use of web-based pre-visits prior to field trips may be a more effective learning tool. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of traditional and web-based pre-visit activities on the learning and attitudes of fourth and fifth graders following a field trip to a public garden. Each class was divided in half and assigned to one of the pre-visit treatments. Three forms of assessments were used to measure the students' perceptions and learning. First, observations were made during the field trip. Second, twelve close-ended (Likert scale) questions were used to evaluate attitudinal responses the day following the


In this paper,completeness of eigenfunctions of a class of 4-order differential operators problems with transmission conditions is investigated.Such problems on an appropriate Hilbert space were studied,given that such operator Green function.


In this work, a model is developed to continuously predict homogeneous and inhomogeneous swelling behavior of pH/temperature sensitive PNIPAM hydrogels. Employing the model, homogeneous swelling of the pH/temperature sensitive hydrogel is investigated for free and biaxial constrained swelling cases. Comparing the model results with the experimental data available in the literature, the validity of the model is confirmed. The model is then employed to investigate inhomogeneous swelling of a spherical shell on a hard core both analytically and numerically for pH or temperature variations. In this regard, numerical tools are developed via preparing a user defined subroutine in ABAQUS software. Then, the complicated problem of contact between the hydrogel shell and a micro-channel with rigid walls is also investigated. Considering the results, we can say that the model is applicable for solving engineering boundary value problem of pH/temperature sensitive hydrogels.


This study provides the latest estimates of the costs of highway crashes involving large trucks and buses by severity. Based on the latest data available, the estimated cost of police-reported crashes involving trucks with a gross weight rating of more than 10,000 pounds averaged $59,153 (in 2000 dollars). The average cost of police-reported crashes involving transit or inter-city buses was $32,548 per crash. These costs represent the present value, computed at a 4 percent discount rate, of all costs over the victim's expected life span that result from a crash. They include medically related costs, emergency services costs, property damage costs, lost productivity, and the monetized value of the pain, suffering, and quality of life that the family loses because of a death or injury.


THE CAPTURE off the coast of Central America of Benthosema pterota (Alcock, 1891) , by California-based tuna clippers, on three known occasions, at the surface during daylight hours is worthy of note. Myctophids are ordinarily believed to be bathypelagic in nature and associated with the twilight zone of the sea. The fact that myctophids make nocturnal migrations to the surface has long been known and many specimens have been taken at the surface during the hours of darkness. The first daylight capture of Benthosema pterota was recorded 13 mi . west of Cape Blanco, Costa Rica, on March 14, 1952, by the tuna clipper "Anna M." The fish were taken with a dip net at 1300 on a clear day from the fishing racks of the vessel. The water was clear and the surface temperature was 82.5°F. The skipper, Ted Sorensen, reported three "balls" of reddishbrown bait at the surface with yellowfin tuna (Neothunnus macropterus) feeding voraciously on them . The fish, as described by Sorensen, were in tight elliptical aggregations measuring about 10 ft . in length and 3 ft . in depth. The tuna feeding upon the mycrophids refused the fish (Cetengraulis mysticetus) used by this vessel for live 'bair when it was offered to them. A second capture of the speciesat the surface during daylight hours was reported by a crew member of the tuna clipper "Sun Traveler"; the capture was made on March 15-20, 1954, 65 mi. southwest of Cafio Island, Costa Rica. Mr . Joseph Silva observed the fish at 10:00. They also appeared as a reddish-brown "ball" being fed on by skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis ) , yel-


Ninety-five percent of ectopic pregnancies occur in the fallopian tube, ampulla being the most common site. Diagnosis and exact location of ectopic pregnancy is usually easy during the first trimester of pregnancy by ultrasonography. However in developing countries, where resources are limited, most women do not undergo ultrasound examination during pregnancy, leading to a late diagnosis. Tubal pregnancies generally rupture between 5 and 9 weeks of gestation. However, some cases of advanced tubal pregnancies have been reported with a different presentation. This event is rare because it is unusual for the fallopian tube to dilate to the point of containing a second or third trimester foetus. We report a case of unruptured advanced tubal pregnancy.


OBJECTIVE:To gain clear idea of rationality of use of antibiotics at five clinical departments of our hospiˉtal.METHODS:571medical charts of inpatients were randomly collected from Departments of General Surgery,Orthopedics,ObsGyn,Pediatrics and Respiratory Tract Diseases.The use of each antibiotic was analysed in respect to the number of patients,days of administration average days of administration,total consumption of antibiotics,DDD and DUI and the sequence was made according to number of cases receiving antibiotics.RESULTS:The five departments had their own characteristics in application of antibiotics.CONCLUSION:Those antibiotics which have been used for many years with reliable therapeutic efˉfect,less ARDs and low cost are still occupying the leading position in consumption.The use of antibiotics is rational on the whole.


The regeneration status of bhojpatra or Himalayan birch (Betula utilis D. Don) was assessed in the two forest divisions of Kashmir with the major focus on regeneration status pertaining to the poor recruitment and seedling establishment in north western Himalayas along the different altitudinal gradient. The regeneration in both the forest divisions was poor and decreased further with increasing altitude but did not show any definite trend along the altitudinal gradient. Density-diameter and regeneration success curve for Betula utilis was not continuous and displayed typical reverse J-shaped structure depicting un-sustainable regeneration success along the altitude. Density of recruits was greater than the density of seedlings (un-established regeneration) indicating anthropogenic interference in terms of grazing and lopping of mature trees for fodder and other uses. The overall regeneration successes varied between 3.38-10.95% on south eastern aspect and 4.47 to 11.16% on south western aspect in Sindh forest division and between 4.84-11.53% in Tangmarg forest division. The diversity index (H/) Betula utilis decreased within the upper diameter classes with maximum diversity in lower diameter (0-25 cm). The correlation between soil parameters, viz. pH, EC, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus depicted the significant positive as well as negative trends with regeneration parameters.


A rotationally vibrating imaging catheter and method of utilization has an array of ultrasound transducers and an actuator along with signal processing, display, and power subsystems. The actuator of the preferred embodiment is a solid-state nitinol actuator. The actuator causes the array to oscillate such that the tip of the catheter may be rotated through an angle equal to or less than 360 degrees. The tip is then capable of rotating back the same amount. This action is repeated until the desired imaging information is acquired. The rotationally vibrating catheter produces more imaging points than a non-rotating imaging catheter and eliminates areas of missing information in the reconstructed image. Rotationally vibrating catheters offer higher image resolution than stationary array catheters and greater flexibility and lower costs than mechanically rotating imaging catheters. The rotationally vibrating array carried on a catheter may also be vibrated or rocked forward and backward to allow for acquisition of three-dimensional information within a region around the transducer array. The addition of adjunctive therapies to the imaging catheter enhances the utility of the instrument. Examples of such therapies include atherectomy, stent placement, thrombectomy and irradiation.


This paper addresses the compression of power quality disturbance events when the monitored signals are composed of several harmonics and transients. We propose the use of a new approach for amplitude, frequency, and phase estimations of multiple sinusoids along with a transform coding technique based on discrete wavelet transform for the compression of monitored signals. The new method can be considered as a modified version of the recently proposed enhanced data compression method (EDCM). Numerical results show that the new method not only provide almost the same performance as that of the EDCM when only the fundamental and transient signals are in the monitored signals, but also overcomes the limitation of the EDCM when applied for compression of the monitored signals composed of many harmonic and transient components.


Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don is an indigenous hardwood species in tropical and warm subtropical zones in China.It is of great ecological and economic value,and is the most popular native hardwood species in these zones with plantation area more than fifty thousand hectare up to date.Here previous studies on B.alnoides are reviewed at aspects of biological and ecological properties,cultivation techniques,collection,conservation and utilization of genetic resources,and ecological benefits of plantations of this species.The common problems in the proceeding of its plantation development are also assessed.Priority is pointed out for further researches on this species.The aim is to accelerate researches on B.alnoides for sustainable development of its plantations.


This paper analyses the differential mortality in Vojvodina according to the
 economic activity and occupations of the population. The analysis covers the
 period from 1971 to 2011. The aim of the research is to determine the
 influence of socio-economic factors on differences in the level of mortality
 among different population groups. In particular, the aim is to detect the
 impact of working conditions and manner of performing the job to the
 differences in the mortality of the population with different occupations.
 Also, the goal is to detect changes in differential mortality according to
 economic activity and occupations of the population during the analysed
 period.


Radiocarbon-dated pollen diagrams from two sites in the southern Boreal forest of Canada have reflected aspects of the local and regional environments since 6,700 and 1,000 BP, respectively. Spruce...


Greening the economy requires green innovations, and innovations require investments. Most countries of the world are still relying on conventional (fossil-based) sources of energy. The transition toward green or renewable energy sources is an effective and innovative way to meet ever-increasing demand as a result of the rising population. Another reason for innovations in the field of green energy is the need to mitigate climate change and avoid pollution, especially in developing countries. The monitored investments into renewable energy sources are usually public. Therefore, this paper aims to determine whether the selected countries of the world produced renewable energy efficiently, considering the investments made by public financial institutions and installed electricity capacity for renewable energy sources, for the period 2013–2017 (for a deeper analysis, the year 2017 was chosen). For this purpose, the Stochastic Frontier Analysis model in the logarithmic form of the Cobb-Douglas production function is used, which helps to judge the competitiveness of countries based on effectively transforming the inputs into outputs. Results suggest that the effect of the first variable "installed electricity capacity" on electricity generation was highly statistically significant, and the impact of the second variable "public investments" was characterized as statistically insignificant. The monitored countries were divided into 10 groups according to the different range of estimated output-oriented technical efficiency from 0.00 to 1.00. Most countries should increase the renewable electricity generation approximately by 40-49%, given the level of inputs (16 countries of 6th group with estimated output-oriented technical efficiency 0.51-0.60) for the year 2017.


side the scope of ordinary Occidental opinion and social science, and for redirecting culture change in China, such volumes as this &dquo;Field Study of Country Life in the Yangtze Valley&dquo; are invaluable. On this point one can heartily agree with the author's teacher and sponsor, B. Malinowski. From this viewpoint, also, one who is acquainted with the British educational system and with Chinese proprieties and attitudes can even understand how this study


The pigment composition of Dinophysis norvegica Ehrenberg from the central Baltic Sea differs from the normal pigment pattern found in dinoflagellates, which contain peridinin as a typical marker pigment. In D. norvegica isolated by cell fractionation of field samples, the major carotenoid was alloxanthin, a typical cryptomonad pigment. No evidence was found that the presence of alloxanthin was due to a recent phagotrophic uptake of cryptomonads, so the presence of alloxanthin in D. norvegica may be a consistent feature of a permanent endosymbiosis.


To investigate the effect of annealing temperature and time on the recrystallization behavior and microstructure of Zr-based alloys, the specimens of Zr-0.8Sn-0.4Nb-0.4Fe-0.2Cu, Zr-1Nb, Zircaloy-4, and unalloyed Zr were cold-worked and annealed at 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, for 30 to 5000 minutes. The hardness, microstructure and precipitate of the specimens were investigated by using micro-hardness tester, optical microscope and transmission electron microscope, respectively. The recrystallization of Zr-based alloys occurred between and . As the content of alloying elements increased, the hardness and recrystallization temperature of the alloys increased though the grain sizes after recrystallization decreased. It was supposed that the hardness of Zr-based alloy with Fe or Cu increased during recovery by the formation of Fe or Cu precipitates.


In this article we describe and analyze the emerging audio piracy (MP3) subculture on the Internet. We present the first sociological analysis of this system - a `virtual community' that is revolutionizing the production of popular music. We seek to explain not only the internal social structure of the MP3 community, but also strive to understand how the entire global network of musical distribution and production may be affected by its activity. Particular attention is paid to the role structure that operates within the audio piracy subculture, issues of status and power, the division of labor, as well as questions of social conflict and resolution. The conclusion offers some speculations concerning the impact of MP3 technology on the trajectory of popular music.


Introduction: Echocardiography - transthoracic (TTE) and/or transesophageal (TEE) remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE). Aim of the study: To assess the usefulness of cardiac computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with infective endocarditis. Methods: The study included 79 consecutive patients with IE. Each patient underwent TTE and TEE. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) was performed in 71 patients. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging was performed in 20 patients. Fifty-nine patients were qualified for surgical treatment. Results: Among the patients who underwent CT, 53 were operated. In this group, intraoperative assessment revealed the presence of 11 abscesses/pseudoaneurysms. The combination of CT and echocardiography allowed all abscesses to be diagnosed. Inflammatory infiltration was found intraoperatively in 15 patients. The analysis of total TEE and CT findings showed that supplementing echocardiography with CT had increased the sensitivity of the method for detecting inflammatory infiltration to 76%.The sensitivity of TEE in the diagnosis of cusp perforation, perivalvular leakage and vegetation was higher than CT. CMR revealed vegetations in 15 patients, at echocardiography vegetations were found in 19 patients. Valve perforation was suspected in seven patients at echocardiography, and in six of these patients after CMR. In one patient after Bentall procedure, an inflammatory infiltration was seen around the prosthesis both at CMR and echocardiography. Among the 20 patients who underwent the CMR, the foci of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) were found in 8 cases. The foci were identified in the interventricular septum, left ventricle walls and, in the case of the patient after Bentall procedure, around the aortic prosthesis. The foci were more common in patients with aortic valve IE. Conclusions: 1.Cardiac computed tomography examination is useful in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis and its local complications. 2.Magnetic resonance imaging may serve as a useful method for evaluating the degree of inflammatory process involvement in the myocardium.


Contingencies such as faults, loss of generation or load may produce undesirable relay operations which can lead to cascade tripping causing system catastrophic failure. Thus, security of power system protection is a major concern for utilities. In this article, an approach based on system integrity protection scheme is proposed for enhancing the security of protection functions. Synchronous data measurements from strategic portions in the system are utilized for separating fault from stressed conditions. Determining the vulnerable relays (VR) which may maloperate during a stressed condition and incorporation of remedial strategy are proposed. It includes two algorithms; the first of which computes the relay margin to form a look-up table containing VR at different fault scenario and operating condition, in offline studies. Then, in accordance with the real-time system conditions, the relay characteristics are set for VRs based on the local information to avoid maloperation. The second is activated during critical heavy loading condition that may lead to voltage collapse and determines the load to be shed based upon sensitivity calculations of relay operation margin. The proposed method is tested for an IEEE-39 bus New England system as well as validated on real-time digital simulator (RTDS) platform for various operating scenarios and found to be robust. Thus, improvement in security of protection operation is achieved without compromising the dependability factor.


The letter to congressional leaders warned that without reform, vulnerable populations could lose access to pharmacies, which are the first point-of-care for many.


There is a large variety of treatments of the topic of price discrimination in the most widely used undergraduate principles and intermediate microeconomic textbooks as well as industrial organization texts. In a recent Southern Economic Journal article, Carroll and Coates (1999) set out to bring into focus the issues that ought to be discussed and made clear when teaching price discrimination to undergraduates. Their paper concludes with a list of six points that instructors should follow to spark students' interest and create as little confusion as possible when covering the topic. While in several ways their article is an improvement over many a textbook discussion, I think their contribution can also be improved upon, as it contains some misconceptions and mistakes. Specifically, there are two concerns regarding the coverage of price discrimination in general and both of these affect the paper by Carroll and Coates in particular. The first is mostly technical, but has led to widespread misconceptions about the relationship between the price elasticity of demand and third-degree price discrimination. The other is mainly pedagogical and concerns what can (or should) actually be taken away from the classroom after a discussion of price discrimination, especially regarding implications of price discrimination on economic efficiency.


Abstract Mathematics educators view the equals sign as a bidirectional relation symbol, but the authors have observed that students might not have such flexibility in their understanding of the equals sign. The authors have observed that students have a hard time viewing mathematical properties (for example, ) with bidirectional flexibility, and subsequently wondered if the "direction" that students are presented mathematical properties has an impact on their ability to use the properties successfully. The authors studied this phenomenon in 11 undergraduate, introductory-level mathematics courses (College Algebra and Precalculus) by presenting logarithmic properties in different "directions" and seeing what effect that had on students' ability to apply the logarithmic properties successfully. Our results indicate that, despite careful classroom discussion of the meaning of the properties and sustained problem solving activities, the "direction" that the properties are presented to the students does have an effect on their ability to use the properties successfully.


Reactivation of antigen induced arthritis by bacterial lipopolysachharide (LPS) in a murine model was used to determine whether Terminalia chebula exerts its protective activity via modulation of Toll-like receptors (TLR). Arthritis was induced in 8-9 weeks old female Swiss albino mice by intra-articular antigen challenge following immunization with antigen. Oral administration of LPS caused reactivation of arthritis. Treatment with hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia chebula lowered the plasma level of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α), a TLR4 downstream cytokine and increased the plasma levels of interleukin 2 (IL2), which is TLR2 cytokine, significantly. (p˂ 0.001) The results indicate that Terminalia chebula might be acting as TLR2 agonist or at some intermediary stage between TLR2 activation and IL-2 production. The role of TLR4 in mediating the protective action of TC cannot be ruled out.


Abstract In this article, we study continuous-time Markov decision processes in Polish spaces. The optimality criterion to be maximized is the expected discounted criterion. The transition rates may be unbounded, and the reward rates may have neither upper nor lower bounds. We provide conditions on the controlled system's primitive data under which we prove that the transition functions of possibly non-homogeneous continuous-time Markov processes are regular by using Feller's construction approach to such transition functions. Then, under continuity and compactness conditions we prove the existence of optimal stationary policies by using the technique of extended infinitesimal operators associated with the transition functions of possibly non-homogeneous continuous-time Markov processes, and also provide a recursive way to compute (or at least to approximate) the optimal reward values. The conditions provided in this paper are different from those used in the previous literature, and they are illustrated with an example.


Biodiesel as a clean energy source could reduce environmental pollution compared to fossil fuel, so it is becoming increasingly important. In this study, we investigated the effects of different pilot injection timings from before top dead center (BTDC) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on combustion, engine performance, and exhaust emission characteristics in a common rail diesel engine fueled with canola oil biodiesel-diesel (BD) blend. The pilot injection timing and EGR rate were changed at an engine speed of 2000 rpm fueled with BD20 (20 vol % canola oil and 80 vol % diesel fuel blend). As the injection timing advanced, the combustion pressure, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and peak combustion pressure (P max ) changed slightly. Carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) emissions clearly decreased at BTDC 20° compared with BTDC 5°, but nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions increased slightly. With an increasing EGR rate, the combustion pressure and indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) decreased slightly at BTDC 20° compared to other injection timings. However, the P max showed a remarkable decrease. The BSFC and PM emissions increased slightly, but the NO x emission decreased considerably.


By using the boundary-value Green-function technique, effects of absorption, resonant scattering and polarization are incorporated in the solution of the Takagi–Taupin equations for three-beam diffraction in finite perfect crystals. It is shown how such features may influence the dynamical interactions. The potential of three-beam interference acting as a phase-sensitive probe for resonant scattering is demonstrated. Depending on the applied model used for the calculations of the corrections to the atomic scattering factor, profile asymmetry reversal is theoretically predicted to occur near the photoelectric threshold in a finite germanium crystal. Significant distortions of the three-beam profiles are found for polarized incident radiation, especially for reflection triplets having an invariant phase sum near 90°.


A series of 2-methoxy- and 2-oxyphenyl-1-dialkylaminoalkylimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles have been synthesized and characterized with respect to pharmacological properties. Some of the synthesized compounds exhibit antioxidant, membranotropic, antiaggregant, hemorheological, anticalmodulin, and hypotensive properties, and behave as antagonists of serotonin (5-HT 3 ) and purine (P2Y 1 ) receptors. The obtained data show good prospects for the synthesis and screening of biologically active substances in this class of compounds.


Abstract : Overview: Our traditional engineering environment. Interface drivers. Closed systems. The new Global Technical Means. Implications for knowledge systems.


Wearable devices with first person cameras, such as Google Glass, are becoming ubiquitous. Additionally, the importance of security will increase as these devices are likely to capture private or sensitive photos. In this paper we introduce a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) which is capable of detecting various security risks with relatively high accuracy. Our approach is also capable of classifying images within approximately half a second–fast enough for a rapid, mobile environment. We also investigate numerous routes for improving accuracy with our CNN classifier including object segmentation and artificial data generation. Finally we verify our approach using a manually collected dataset which was tested using two different Android devices.


Emotions represent feelings about people in several situations. Various machine learning algorithms have been developed for emotion detection in a multimedia element, such as an image or a video. These techniques can be measured by comparing their accuracy with a given dataset in order to determine which algorithm can be selected among others. This paper deals with the comparison of three implementations of emotion recognition in faces, each implemented with specific technology. OpenCV is an open-source library of functions and packages mostly used for computer-vision analysis and applications. Cognitive services, as well as Google Cloud AI, are sets of APIs which provide machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms to develop smart applications capable of integrate computer-vision, speech, knowledge, and language processing features. Three Android mobile applications were developed in order to test the performance between an OpenCV algorithm for emotion recognition, an implementation of Emotion cognitive service, and a Google Cloud Vision deployment for emotion-detection in faces. For this research, one thousand tests were carried out per experiment. Our findings show that the OpenCV implementation got the best performance, which can be improved by increasing the sample size per emotion during the training step.


This paper outlines the evolution and current status of multimedia technology, mainly as established by the commercially influential MPEG audio/video standards. The recent MPEG-4 standard's novel concepts and some potential applications for future e-business systems are discussed. Noticeable features are mechanisms which allow interactive video to be created as well as audio/video coding and transmission techniques which support streaming of this type of data with good quality over low bitrate connections, including wireless networks. Furthermore, our research on, and a prototype application for, content-based video indexing and searching is presented. The system allows to conveniently query video databases using high-level, semantic features. It builds on techniques similar to the upcoming MPEG-7 standard which specifies descriptive elements for multimedia contents. Example scenarios are given where such a content-based search facility may be incorporated as a basic technology into e-business systems or enhance e-business processes, respectively.


An analysis of Very Low Frequency propagation in the atmosphere in the 10-14 kHz range leads to a discussion of some of the more significant causes of phase perturbation. The method of generating sky-wave corrections to predict the Omega phase is discussed. Composite Omega is considered as a means of lane identification and of reducing Omega navigation error. A simple technique for generating trapezoidal model (T-model) phase prediction is presented and compared with the Navy predictions and actual phase measurements. The T-model prediction analysis illustrates the ability to account for the major phase shift created by the diurnal effects on the lower ionosphere. An analysis of the Navy sky-wave correction table is used to provide information about spatial and temporal correlation of phase correction relative to the differential mode of operation.


Knowledge representation is a subarea of artificial intelligence concerned with understanding, designing, and implementing ways of representing information in computers so that programs can use this information to: derive information that is implied by it; to converse with people in natural languages; to plan future activities; and solve problems in areas that normally require human expertise. INTRODUCTION Knowledge representation is a subarea of Artificial Intelligence concerned with understanding, designing, and implementing ways of representing information in computers so that programs can use it:. to derive information that is implied by it,. to converse with people in natural languages,. to plan future activities,. to solve problems in areas that normally require human expertise. Deriving information that is implied by the information already present is a form of reasoning. Because knowledge representation schemes are useless without the ability to reason with them, the field is usually known as`knowledge representation and reasoning'. Many philosophers consider knowledge to be justified true belief. Thus, if John believes that the world is flat, we would not say that John knows that the world is flat, because he is wrongÐ`the world is flat' is not true. Also, it may be that Sally believes that the first player in chess can always win, Betty believes that the second player can always win, and Mary believes that, with optimal play on both sides, chess will always end in a tie. One of them is correct, but we would still not say that any of them knows the answer, because their belief cannot have been justified by a complete analysis of the game. A computer system could not limit its information to knowledge in this strict sense, so it would be more accurate to say that the topic being discussed is belief representation rather than knowledge representation. Nevertheless, we will continue to usèknowledge representation', because that has become accepted as the name of this subject. The field of knowledge representation began, around 1958, with an investigation of how a computer might be able to represent and use the kind of common-sense knowledge we have when we CONTENTS Introduction Representing common-sense knowledge Predicate calculus and other logical representation schemes Procedural representations Production systems


Moon-based Earth observations have attracted significant attention across many large-scale phenomena. As the only natural satellite of the Earth, and having a stable lunar surface as well as a particular orbit, Moon-based Earth observations allow the Earth to be viewed as a single point. Furthermore, in contrast with artificial satellites, the varied inclination of Moon-based observations can improve angular samplings of specific locations on Earth. However, the potential for estimating the global outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) from the Earth with such a platform has not yet been fully explored. To evaluate the possibility of calculating OLR using specific Earth observation geometry, we constructed a model to estimate Moon-based OLR measurements and investigated the potential of a Moon-based platform to acquire the necessary data to estimate global mean OLR. The primary method of our study is the discretization of the observational scope into various elements and the consequent integration of the OLR of all elements. Our results indicate that a Moon-based platform is suitable for global sampling related to the calculation of global mean OLR. By separating the geometric and anisotropic factors from the measurement calculations, we ensured that measured values include the effects of the Moon-based Earth observation geometry and the anisotropy of the scenes in the observational scope. Although our results indicate that higher measured values can be achieved if the platform is located near the center of the lunar disk, a maximum difference between locations of approximately 9 × 10−4 W m−2 indicates that the effect of location is too small to remarkably improve observation performance of the platform. In conclusion, our analysis demonstrates that a Moon-based platform has the potential to provide continuous, adequate, and long-term data for estimating global mean OLR.


Lattice QCD results on the spectroscopy of charmonium(like) states and open charm mesons are reviewed. Near-threshold states X(3872) and D_{s0}^*(2317) were treated rigorously for the first time and the searches for Z_c^+(3900), X(4140) and $cc\bar u\bar d$ were carried out. The first simulations of the resonances with charm quarks have been performed, including the determination of their strong decay widths. Spectroscopy of highly excited charmed, charmonium and hybrid states has been calculated.


Significant growth in residential solar photovoltaic (PV) installations and the ongoing decline in battery costs have increased interest in household solar battery energy storage projects in Finland in recent years. Among various potential applications, considerable attention is drawn to the use of the battery energy storage system (BESS) for the purpose of the households' self-consumption enhancement. This study presents the results of a techno-economic study of the LiFePO4-based battery storage added to residential roof-top PV installations in Finland to maximise self-utilisation of on-site solar energy generation. Using a comprehensive DC model of BESS, the battery charge and discharge levels under the typical household load and PV production conditions are simulated. The estimates of the average retail electricity prices are used to assess the value that the customer-sited solar battery storage can provide to the household end-users in Finland. The economic attractiveness of the battery storage projects is evaluated considering the present and forecasted BESS costs and the electricity tariff levels in Finland and the conditions for profitable operation of the solar energy storage systems are determined.


Introduction: Policy Implementation and Surface Mining Act Legislative and Administrative Legacy Interest Groups and Implementation Courts and Implementation State-Level Implementation Table of Cases Select Bibliography Index


ETIOLOGY AND ENTRANCE That the etiology of cholecystitis depends on bacterial infection is the generally accepted opinion; and it is believed that cholelithiasis may result from cholecystitis, and that cholelithiasis, having once become a condition or lesion, may then become a factor in the production of cholecystitis. While it is generally conceded that the portal circulation is the avenue of entrance, the bacteria may enter the common duct by way of the duodenum; or possibly through the hepatic artery and the lymphatics they may find their way to the biliary tracts. And while normally the liver acts as a toxin filter, yet, when overtaxed, its filtration must be but imperfectly accomplished, and the effects of this non-fulfilment of function in so important an organ as the liver are liable to be disastrous. INFECTION These etiologic infections may be mixed or simple; if mixed, one organism may prevail to-day and may


Results obtained from a new, 600-Hz, 624-subaperture, two- dimensional optical wavefront sensor for fluid-optic interaction applica- tions are presented. This instrument can operate at 1 kHz as currently configured and is extendable to 8 kHz with a minor modification. The new sensor uses the small-aperture beam technique for measurements in the streamwise direction, and scanned beams for cross-stream wave- front measurements. Wavefront aberrations produced by a low-speed, heated mixing layer are presented, and the accompanying measurement uncertainty is evaluated. © 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engi- neers. (S0091-3286(00)02012-2)


The output power of PV module varies with module temperature, solar insolation and loads. And in order to quickly and accurately track the sun, it is necessary to track the maximum power point (MPP) all the time. After studying various algorithms, a new algorithm was presented in this paper based on online short-circuit current,open-circuit voltage, and variable step of perturbation and observation method. This algorithm could track MPP change rapidly and accurately without the disturbance of photovoltaic system, and also can reduce the power oscillation around MPP and the light mutation of the false judgement phenomenon. A theoretical analysis and the designed principle of the proposed algorithm are described in detail. And some experiment and simulation results are made to demonstrate that the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and also the proposed could reach MPP which is faster than traditional P&O method about 0.2s. The system has a good dynamic and steady-state performance.


Scattering by a dichroic plate depends on three processes: reflection and transmission on the dichroic plate,propagation through holes in the plate,and the radiation from the opening of holes in the plate.Based on the views,a simple design method for dichroic plate filters is presented.The method is fast and suit to use in millimeter wave or submillimeter wave.By means of the method,an W band circular perforated plate filter is designed,fabricated and tested,the results show the effectness of the method.


Gilles Girard : An inventory of L. S. Mercier's manuscripts. ; The manuscripts of Louis-Sebastien Mercier (1740-1814), preserved in the 'Bibliotheque de l'Arsenal ' (Paris), being relatively little known, we have thought it would be a useful project to prepare an inventory of them. The list of the manuscripts of these twenty-three boxes, containing some ten thousand leaves, must be reduced here, of necessity, considering the limits imposed on this article. Additionably, we have given only the manuscripts of the most significant unedited texts and have indicated, without going into detail, the manuscripts of the most important edited texts.


The soft magnetic properties of Ni81Fe19 films respectively with Ti, Ta and Cr substrates used for micro-fluxgate have been studied in this paper. The films were characterized using transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The testing results showed that Ta substrate film, due to its ladder rising hysteresis loop, is more appropriate for fluxgate core in these four kinds of Ni81Fe19 films, film with no substrate and film with Ti substrate take the second place and the Cr substrate film would not be suitable as fluxgate core because of its bad soft magnetic properties.


Extracellular enzymatic activity (EEA), production, respiration, and composition of the bacterial community were determined along environmental gradients in the river‐impacted coastal waters in the South China Sea during summer in order to examine the links of EEA, metabolic activity, and composition of the bacterial community. The initial step of substrate utilization was coupled with metabolic activity of the bacterial community. The activity of leucine aminopeptidase was closely related to the level of phytoplankton biomass, suggesting that leucine‐containing compounds primarily resulted from phytoplankton, which was likely partly responsible for the close link between bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in marine environments. A shift from the dominance of leucine aminopeptidase in EEA in eutrophic environments to chitobiases in pristine waters was attributed to bacterial preference for leucine‐containing compounds and spatial variability in substrate supply. Spatial pattern of the enzymatic rates along an environmental gradient differed at the community and the cellular level. The enzymatic rates of the bacterial community decreased offshore, which were linked to substrate supply and the bacterial community composition. However, cell‐specific enzymatic rates were modulated by not only the bacterial community composition but also the carbon partition between anabolic and catabolic processes as environmental conditions changed, both of which eventually altered bacterial abundance. Functional redundancy of bacterial groups existed despite shifts in the bacterial community composition, suggesting that the bacterial community might maximize their function of hydrolyzing substrates across marine environments. Our findings improved the understanding of the connection of extracellular enzymatic activity, metabolic activity, and community composition of bacterioplankton.


In this paper we present our work on developing a fast, memory efficient and student friendly implementation of the A∗ algorithm for use in teaching using the game Dalek World. We first present our criteria for evaluating an implementation of the A∗ namely that it should be easy for students to understand, support multiple heuristics and demonstrate some of the optimisation issues which are relevant to implementing path finding. We compare three candidate A∗ implementations using various data structures to hold the open and closed lists. We conclude that our own implementation based on the STL map and priority queue data structures is both the easiest to learn from and also the fastest.


The n_TOF neutron time-of-flight facility at CERN is used for high quality nuclear data measurements from thermal energy up to hundreds of MeV. In line with the CERN open data policy, the n_TOF Collaboration takes actions to preserve its unique data, facilitate access to them in standardised format, and allow their re-use by a wide community in the fields of nuclear physics, nuclear astrophysics and various nuclear technologies. The present contribution briefly describes the n_TOF outcomes, as well as the status of dissemination and preservation of n_TOF final data in the international EXFOR library.


BERNSTEIN, M. H. 1971a. Cutaneous and respiratory evaporation in Painted Quail Excalfactoria chinensis during ontogeny of thermoregulation. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 38A:611-617. BERNSTEIN. M. H. 1971b. Cutaneous water loss in small ' birds. Condor 73:468-469. CALDER, W. A., AND K. SCHMIDT-NIELSEN. 1967, Temperature regulation and evaporation in the Pigeon and the Roadrunner. Amer. J. Physiol. 213:883-889. LASIEWSKI, R. C. 1969. Physiological responses to heat stress in the Poor-will. Amer. J. Physiol. 217: 1504-1509. LASIEUISKI, R. C., A. L. ACOSTA, AND M. H. BERNSTEIN. 1966. Evaporative water loss in birds. I. Characteristics of the open flow method of determination, and their relation to estimates of thermoregulatory ability. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 19:445457. LASIEWSKI, R. C., AND W. A. CALDER. 1970. A preliminary allometric analysis of respiratory variables in resting birds. Respir. Physiol. 11: 152-166. LOWE, C. H., AND D. S. HINDS. 1969. Thermoregulation in desert populations of Roadrunners


A case of ankylosing spondylitis in a patient with a cauda equina syndrome is reported. A lumbar myelogram revealed erosions of the bones of the neural canal with enclosed multiple intraspinal cysts.


• NIH/NIDDK Action Plan for Liver Disease Research and Progress Review p. 1-2 • Morgan Foundation p. 3 • NIH/NIDDK IBD Genetics Consortium p. 4 • Other NIH Funding Opportunities p. 5 • CCFA Research Awards p. 5 • American Liver Foundation p. 6 • PSC Partners Seeking a Cure Funding Proposals p. 7-9 • Time magazine article: Ken, Patty and John Shepherd p. 9 • Highlight This Weekend on Your Calendar p. 10 • Update on Donations to PSC Partners Seeking a Cure p. 11 • Revised PSC Brochure p. 11 • Recent Developments in IBD Genetics p. 12-16 • Recent PSC Literature p. 17-18 www.pscpartners.org Working together to provide research, education, and support for people affected by Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis


Summary. - Some inadequacy in the traditional description of the phenomenon of electro-magnetic field radiation created by a point charge moving along a straight line with an acceleration is found and discussed in this paper in detail. The possibility of simultaneous coexistence of Newton instantaneous long-range interaction and Faraday-Maxwell short-rang interaction is pointed out.


To assess whether and how the effects of monetary policy shocks depend on credit market conditions, we introduce endogenous regime switching in the parameters of a Multivariate Autoregressive Index model. We develop a Bayesian framework to estimate dynamic responses to structural shocks using the proposed nonlinear vector autoregressive model applied to a large number of endogenous variables. The computed responses of economic activity and prices to monetary policy tightening/easing and large/small shocks are asymmetric. And these asymmetries are explained by the effect of monetary policy shocks on credit conditions and the probability of regime changes.


Services offered on today's networks are rapidly evolving in scope and availability as new access technologies come into view- enabling multimedia interactive distance learning, virtual reality, video teleconferencing applications to be within the reach of wide customer base. Voice, and video-based multimedia applications are expected to represent significant portion of the WWW traffic. It is an inherently challenging task to provide strict delay bound guarantees to these multimedia delay-sensitive applications in the'best effort Internet. As today's service providers search for new solutions to keep up with those challenges, increase revenues, and simplify operational costs, Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is emerging to be the choice for the core network infrastructure for new multi-service networks. MPLS provides the means to carry out Traffic Engineering (TE) on Internet Service Provider (ISP) backbone networks. By combining MPLS in a Differentiated Services (DiffServ) network we can offer more guarantees to delay-sensitive applications. Since applications vary in their ability to withstand delays, we define sub-classes of traffic to classify packets flowing with different delay and packet loss characteristics. A probe packet approach is adopted to monitor the delay on preestablished Label Switched Paths (LSPs). We demonstrate, through simulations, that our proposed model performs reasonably well with voice, and video traffic.


Preface 1. Introduction What Is Philosophy of Mind? Metaphysical Preliminaries Mind-Body Supervenience Materialism and Physicalism Varieties of Mental Phenomena Is There a "Mark of the Mental"? For Further Reading Notes 2. Mind as Immaterial Substance: Descartes's Dualism Descartes's Interactionist Substance Dualism Why Minds and Bodies Are Distinct: Some Arguments Princess Elisabeth Against Descartes The "Pairing Problem": Another Causal Argument Immaterial Minds in Space? Substance Dualism and Property Dualism For Further Reading Notes 3. Mind and Behavior: Behaviorism The Cartesian Theater and the "Beetle in the Box" What Is Behavior? Logical Behaviorism: A Positivist Argument A Behavioral Translation of "Paul Has a Toothache" Difficulties with Behavioral Definitions Do Pains Entail Pain Behavior? Ontological Behaviorism The Real Relationship Between Pain and Pain Behavior Behaviorism in Psychology Why Behavior Matters to Mind For Further Reading Notes 4. Mind as the Brain: The Psychoneural Identity Theory Mind-Brain Correlations Making Sense of Mind-Brain Correlations The Argument from Simplicity Explanatory Arguments for Psychoneural Identity An Argument from Mental Causation Against Psychoneural Identity Theory Reductive and Nonreductive Physicalism For Further Reading Notes 5. Mind as a Computing Machine: Machine Functionalism Multiple Realizability and the Functional Conception of Mind Functional Properties and Their Realizers: Definitions Functionalism and Behaviorism Turing Machines Physical Realizers of Turing Machines Machine Functionalism: Motivations and Claims Machine Functionalism: Further Issues Can Machines Think? The Turing Test Computationalism and the "Chinese Room" For Further Reading Notes 6. Mind as a Causal System: Causal-Theoretical Functionalism The Ramsey-Lewis Method Choosing an Underlying Psychology Functionalism as Physicalism: Psychological Reality Objections and Difficulties Roles Versus Realizers: The Status of Cognitive Science For Further Reading Notes 7. Mental Causation Agency and Mental Causation Mental Causation, Mental Realism, and Epiphenomenalism Psychophysical Laws and "Anomalous Monism" Is Anomalous Monism a Form of Epiphenomenalism? Counterfactuals to the Rescue? Physical Causal Closure and the "Exclusion Argument" The "Supervenience Argument" and Epiphenomenalism Further Issues: The Extrinsicness of Mental States For Further Reading Notes 8. Mental Content Interpretation Theory The Causal-Correlational Approach: Informational Semantics Misrepresentation and the Teleological Approach Narrow Content and Wide Content: Content Externalism The Metaphysics of Wide Content States Is Narrow Content Possible? Two Problems for Content Externalism For Further Reading Notes 9. What Is Consciousness? Some Views on Consciousness Nagel and His Inscrutable Bats Phenomenal Consciousness and Access Consciousness Consciousness and Subjectivity Does Consciousness Involve Higher-Order Perception or Thought? Transparency of Experience and Qualia Representationalism For Further Reading Notes 10. Consciousness and the Mind-Body Problem The "Explanatory Gap" and the "Hard Problem" Does Consciousness Supervene on Physical Properties? Closing the Explanatory Gap: Reduction and Reductive Explanation Functional Analysis and Reductive Explanation Consciousness and Brain Science What Mary, the Super Vision Scientist, Didn't Know The Limits of Physicalism For Further Reading Notes References Index


A series of mononuclear tethered complexes, RhIII(η5:η1-Cp′-NHR), in which the η5-peralkylcyclopentadienyl group and the ligated protic amine group are connected by suitable carbon chains, were newly prepared and structurally characterized. Their catalytic performance in the reductive amination of carbonyl compounds was significantly influenced by the chain length of the tether, which possibly plays a key role in determining the reaction course.


Classification has been an active field in machine learning for decades. With many methods proposed for various topics in classification, this paper intends to show some initial ideas and findings in one classification scenario where accuracy of only one or a few classes is greatly valued, while the other classes are not important. Using a neural network model and challenging real world dataset, our preliminary results showed the accuracy of important class was significantly improved by sacrificing the accuracy of unimportant classes.


Reproductive sexuality is the inevitable precondition for what is actually wasted in The Waste Land. The poem exists in a dialectical queer time that simultaneously propels, reverses, and freezes the motion of heterotemporality.


Naruto's training with Jiraiya intensifies, while Orochimaru uses threats to coerce a legendary kunoichi into helping him. But will her tragic past play a part in destroying Naruto's future? Note: Exclusive collectible stickers INSIDE!


. We prove that the periodic layer potentials for the Laplace operator depend real analytically on the density function, on the supporting hypersurface, and on the periodicity parameters.


Objective: In order to see the effect of treating refractory Hyperbilirubinemia by specific adsorption.Methods:We have selected 11 patients observed by random.All the patients mere be treated by routine therapy and by specific bilirubin at the same time.Results:The patients were treated la times by specific bilirubin adsorption.8 cases were effective and 2cases were improved.One patient was cured by hepatic transplantation after combined treating with plasma exchange and plasma perfusion.The therapeutic efficacy was 100%.Conclusion:The specific bilirubin adsorption is an important artificial liver therapy.It Can highly improve the hyperbilirubinemia clearance rate.However,the patients of serious hepatitis with hyperbilirubinemia clearance rate.However,the patients of serious hepatitis with hyperbilirubinemia can not be treated singly by specific bilirubin adsorption.They should by treated


The study of inclusive education has an early history in EU countries. It has gone through many stages in its formation from ancient times to the present day. At first the persons with disabilities were excluded from society, but today almost every country in the world agrees, that people with disabilities should live integrated in our society as it is possible. Therefore, we decided to conduct a cross-case analysis on the example of two European countries – France and Sweden.Involving persons with special educational needs in the educational process of HEI on the example of inclusive education model is not an easy process. It requires the development and application of new regulations at both, theoretical and practical levels.Authorities were interested in the problem of access to the HEI primarily in the late 20th century. However, this was accompanied with many problems. This led the public to think about who could get a higher education and who could not. It was necessary to train staff and administration, to equip universities with special equipment and prepare textbooks. This is still in the process of refinement, as not all countries can boast of a complete solution to this problem. Much has been done, but much more remains to be done.An important element in the education system is still the school, the basic level. Students come from school and get the bulk of their education there. It is noteworthy, what they got from school and what we could give them in the high school.


The Sustainable Development Goals which world leaders agreed on in 2015 are focused on people, peace and planet. Achieving goals requires a transformational, integrated, and universal agenda that is based on effective policies, sufficient finance, and true partnerships.


In this paper we focus on a class of special nonsymmetric cone optimization problem called circular cone optimization problem, which has a convex quadratic function as the objective function and an intersection of a non-self-dual circular cone and linear equations as the constraint condition. Firstly we establish the algebraic relationships between the circular cone and the second-order cone and translate the original problem from the circular cone optimization problem to the second-order cone optimization problem.
Then we present kernel-function based primal-dual interior-point algorithms for solving this special circular cone optimization
and derive the iteration bounds for large- and small-update methods.
Finally, some preliminary numerical results are provided to demonstrate the computational performance of the proposed algorithms.


PURPOSE: An automatic population technique of the lexeme of using the word linkage graph. Linkage words are constituted with words used in the actual data. It includes in the lexeme population to the new coined word or the foreign language. CONSTITUTION: In the same time prevalence table of the term frequency table and two words is the web document, noun is extracted. The mutual information between the different two words is calculated. The word linkage graph uses the linkage word satisfying the mutual information of the critical over and connects information. The word linkage graph smalls and it partitions to lower part populations of many numbers. The population result it about the mutual information threshold is selected by using the population evaluation index. The keyword which most strongly shows the meaning of population is selected among linkage words.


Various commercial and scientific applications require analysis of user behaviour in the Internet. New web user sessions classification method is the main goal of proposed research. In this paper web usage analysis is described. Previously Levenshtein metric was applied to web sessions domain in hierarchical clustering. Test results show that the proposed clustering method has good accuracy in this application domain. Further research steps are described in detail.


A cylindrical cell useful for rotating-disk studies has been analyzed for its primary , resistance. Values of the resistance are given for a large number of cell configurations. The resistance calculations permit the simpler resistance formulas for infinite cells to be applied to the design of finite cells •


Abstract : The problem of turbulent mixing between two compressible streams in a constant area duct is analyzed. The velocity and temperature profiles were worked in the main region of the mixing chamber for axi-symmetric case. Turbulent free jet experimental data is used, to obtain expressions for velocity and temperature as a function of the distance from the inlet to the mixing chamber. It is found that energy diffuses more rapidly than momentum for ducted mixing. The results of the theoretical analysis indicate increasing tendency towards segregation of the streams for decreasing initial velocity difference between the mixing streams. On the basis of the mixing chamber length required to achieve adequate degree of mixing, it is concluded that a corrugated rim primary nozzle is needed to accelerate the mixing rate by increasing the contact surface between the streams. (Author)


Regeneration
Resident tissue stem cells called satellite cells repair muscle after injury. However, how satellite cells operate inside living tissue is unclear. Gurevich et al. exploited the optical clarity of zebrafish larvae and used a series of genetic approaches to study muscle injury. After


TO THE EDITOR: The article by Nowakowski et al 1 reported the results from their phase II study, in which lenalidomide was administered in addition to standard first-line R-CHOP (rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) to 64 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In that study, the authors compared the study cohort to an historical control group of 87 patients who received R-CHOP alone. They concluded that the additionoflenalidomide25mg(administeredfromday1today10)to R-CHOP overcomes the inferior prognosis associated with non‐ germinal center B-cell or activated B-cell (ABC) types of DLBCL treated with R-CHOP alone. The rationale for selecting the ABC subtype of DLBCL (ABCDLBCL) as a targeted subgroup for treatment with lenalidomide is strong,becausethisagentisaknowninhibitorofthenuclearfactorB pathway that is constitutively activated in ABC-DLBCL 2,3 ; however, we would advise caution in the interpretation of the results of Nowakowski et al. First, an historical control group was used for the comparison. Second and more important, the Hans algorithm, an immunohistochemistry(IHC)method,wasusedtodeterminethecell