![][1]

Reduced Rac activation (bottom) leads to more persistent migration.

A slight reduction in the amount of Rac allows cells to move in a more persistent direction, report Pankov et al. on [page 793][2].

The small GTPases Rac and Rho modulate migration speed and chemotaxis, with


Accurate dose measurement of high energy photon beams is important in radiotherapy. Measurement of absorbed dose to water through ionization chamber is the most commonly used method for routine dose evaluation. The international Code of Practice, recommended by International Atomic Energy Agency is one of the widely used code for this purpose. Salient features of this code are given, with special reference to BARC make dosimeter, having a tufnol walled ion chamber. The recent observations made during the testing of this code at different laboratories are discussed. The status of dosimetry in India at primary, secondary and user levels is given. The results of TLD intercomparisons with various radiotherapy centres in the country are discussed.


Fundamentals and theory, running techniques, applications, outlook-traction-batteries, stationary batteries and charging methods: electrochemical energy storage, D. Berndt batteries for electrical powered trucks, H.A. Kiehne power supply conceptsfor driverless industrial trucks, P. Preuss batteries for electric road vehicles, H.A. Kiehne battery-powered traction - the user's point of view, W. Konig safety standards for stationary batteries and battery installations, H. Willmes batteries forstationary power supply, H. Franke the operation of batteries from the view of the user, U.-C. Stahl automobile - starterbatteries, G. Sassmannhausen and E. Nann high energy batteries, C.-H. Dustmann (W. Fischer) solarelectric power supply withbatteries, H.K. Kothe charging methods and techniques - general demand and directions for selection of chargers, E. Wehrle technical aspects of chargers and current transformers - methods for supervision, G. Will standards and regulations for batteriesand battery - plants, H.A. Kiehne. Portable batteries modern portable batteries, an overview and outlook, H.A. Kiehne guidelines for selection, dimensioning and use of portable batteries, H.A. Kiehne (W. Raudzsus). Maintenance-free lead batteries withimmobilized electrolyte, H. Tuphorn lithium batteries - the latest variant of portable electrical energy, W. Jacobi the disposal of portable batteries, J.L. Fricke, N. Knudsen history, H.A.Kiehne.


We report ultrasensitive ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT) based thioctic acid modified gold nanoparticles for the detection of lanthanum ion with excellent sensitivity (50 nM) and selectivity over other cations.


As part of our undergraduate training in Biomedical Engineering, we have developed a series of courses, Longitudinal Design Teams, where groups of students at various levels of their education work together to solve problems at the interface of engineering and biology. The teams function under a pseudo-corporate structure which encourages the solution of practical problems through both theoretical and experimental approaches. We report on one set of IRBapproved experiments, in which student volunteer subjects wore Holter © monitors to record instantaneous heart rate alterations induced during an introductory Physics I exam (N=4) and during a class-based engineering competition requiring mild physical activity (N=6). Data was also collected during presentations (N=2) before a panel of faculty members and professionals. In addition, heart rate (N=15) and acceleration (N=9) data were obtained at several amusement park rides, each of which induced an orthostatic stress on the cardiovascular system. All data was analyzed using custom software developed by students that accurately determined instantaneous heart rate using pixel counting methods and without using any signal processing. Average heart rate values were calculated during intervals to examine global trends as well as instantaneous results. Results showed that in general, undergraduate students observed a significant increase in heart rate before an exam as well as during the final minutes of an exam; however, these trends were neither uniform among subjects nor a measure of their academic performance. As expected, zero gravity conditions induced by several seconds of free fall on amusement park rides increased arterial blood pressure while decreasing measured heart rate. During the deceleration phase of the ride students experienced negative "G" forces that induced a precipitous decrease in arterial blood pressure and a concomitant neurally-mediated increase in heart rate. We believe that our Longitudinal Design Team concept is an effective model for active learning. New students entering the department become excited about engineering, have the opportunity to apply theory taught in coursework to real-life problems, and become familiar with the synergetic design process, all while working in a team setting. Upperclassmen apply what they have studied in a culmination of their undergraduate education, learn to communicate information effectively in a way that new students can easily understand, and recognize the individual skills of each contributing team member so that a quality product results. P ge 902.1 Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2004, American Society for Engineering Education


The exchange of model design data among heterogeneous CAD systems is very difficult because each CAD system has different data structures suitable for its own functions. STEP represents product information in a common computer-interpretable form that is required to remain complete and consistent when the product information is needed to be exchanged among different computer systems. However, STEP has complex architecture to represent point, line, curve and vectors of element. Moreover it can't represent geometry data of feature based models. In this study, a structure of XML document that represents geometry data of feature based models as neutral format has been developed. To use the developed XML document, a converter also has been developed to exchange modules so that it can exchange feature based data models among heterogeneous CAD systems. Developed XML document and Converter have been applied to commercial CAD systems.


We measured dynamical branching distributions of DBM (dense-branching morphology) which was grown experimentally by electrochemical deposition of Zinc. Each subset Mm consisting of branches whose length is m is related to the radius of gyration of the whole pattern Rg as a power low Mm∼RgDR(m). The scaling factor DR is lower than 2 in m=1∼5, and is over 2 in m=6 and more.


The main technological points for designing and processing the injection mould for the refrigerˉator salvers are analyzed.Solutions for glass location before closing the mould and in the course of inˉjection and for controlling the allowance of the thickness dimension of the glass cavity are introduced.The injection mould is easy to operate,low in cost.Good economic benefits have been obtained with the mould.


Extreme positions are rarely useful and almost invariably hinder rather than facilitate progress in clinical science. Dr Jordan (Jordan, 2014) and Dr Paton (Ratcliffe et al. 2014) and their colleagues seem to share this view and, while making a strong case for each of their points, have provided a reasonably balanced appraisal of the evidence surrounding the interventional approaches for resistant hypertension under debate. Importantly, we seem to share common ground in the view that resistant hypertension is a relevant clinical problem, that non-adherence to prescribed medication is common, that alternative and perhaps device-based therapeutic approaches are needed, and that sympathetic overactivity is a major contributor to the pathophysiology of resistant hypertension thereby providing a logical therapeutic target. Our views differ in how this is best achieved.

Dr Jordan elegantly reviews the role of baroreflex circuits in long-term blood pressure (BP) control and how electrical carotid sinus stimulation (CCS) may ameliorate resistant hypertension. While highlighting potential advantages of CCS such as the ability of stimulation adjustment, it becomes clear from his pathophysiological considerations that sympathetic inhibition, specifically suppression of efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity, is an important mediator of CCS-induced depressor responses (Iliescu et al. 2012). Why not target the renal nerves directly when this can be achieved safely with catheter-based approaches (Esler et al. 2010; Bhatt et al. 2014)?

Carotid body (CB) denervation is the least developed and investigated approach, which does not negate the physiological relevance of chemoreceptor activation and its role in modulation of both sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure. Dr Paton promotes the concept of CB tonicity driving sympathetic vasomotor activity chronically, particularly in the scenario of hypertension (Paton et al. 2013). Surgical resection of the CB has been performed to alleviate dyspnoea in patients with obstructive airway disease and coincidentally, a BP reduction was observed in a subgroup of hypertensive patients (Nakayama, 1961). Clearly, recent experimental data is more convincing (McBryde et al. 2013). Nevertheless, evidence for a pivotal role of CB-related mechanisms in human resistant hypertension is weak and the concept far from proven. Major concerns that need to be addressed relate to the potential attenuation or loss of hypoxic ventilatory drive and the potentially serious procedural complications. In keeping with the hypothetical ideals for an interventional approach brought forward by Dr Paton, we would argue that renal denervation remains the most promising therapeutic approach despite the recent setback from a suboptimally conducted clinical trial (Bhatt et al. 2014).


: The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is the most critical component that dominates the performance of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). The multiplier need to perform the butterfly operation in FFT consumes more area, power and time. Therefore, the performance of the OFDM is inversely dominated by the multiplier in the FFT. This paper presents a design of FFT processor with efficient multiplier. The proposed FFT processor with efficient multiplier is developed using Verilog HDL and targeted in Cyclone FPGA (EP4CE115F29C7). The performance evaluation shows that, the proposed design outperforms the conventional FFT architecture in terms of normalized power, power, maximum frequency and logic elements. In specific, the proposed design occupies 17936 logic elements with less than 1% memory bits. Additionally, the proposed design consumes 91.35 mW power at the rate of 347 MHz.


The use of cement or lime stabilised materials of this type in base construction was commenced by the Main Roads Department (Queensland) approximately 20 years ago. Although in many cases the treatments were successful some early failures, together with the relatively high costs of stabilisation compared to the costs of using the then available natural gravels as bases resulted in a greatly reduced use of this process. The lack of suitable naturally occurring materials in some parts of the state; the high costs of maintaining untreated non-standard gravel and loam bases; and the now more competitive cost of stabilisation has brought about a renewed interest in stabilisation of these materials. To date, the lack of published information of the properties of these cement and lime treated materials has resulted in their exclusion for use as bound bases in the Department's interim pavement design manual. An investigation has been underway for some time to evaluate the performance of both past and recently constructed bases of this type with the view to determining suitable criteria and tests for their design. One of the main aims has been to determine if these bases perform as bound or unbound layers and at what additive contents, be it lime or cement, does this distinction occur. This paper presents a brief summary of the findings to date of this investigation and also discusses stabilisation techniques and the likely effects of construction variability on the properties and performance of bases of this type. The number of the covering abstract for the conference is TRIS No. 393385. (Author/TRRL)


Hurricane Harvey submerged over 25% of Houston in August 2017. Using a treatment intensity difference-in-difference design on consumer credit data, we find that average treatment effects of flooding mask substantial heterogeneity by initial financial well-being and homeownership status. Negative financial outcomes are concentrated among homeowners who entered the hurricane in a weaker financial position. For example, within financially constrained, owner-occupied areas, the average bankruptcy rate was 0.7 percentage points (or 28%) higher in heavily flooded areas after Harvey than in similar areas that did not flood. Being in a floodplain and, hence, having a higher likelihood of flood insurance, largely mitigates these negative effects. Using individual FEMA registrant and SBA loan data, we present evidence that our results may be explained, in part, by severe inequalities in access to federal disaster assistance and loans.


that pushes back against attempts at standardization and instead trusts students and teachers and their ability to think critically and creatively, we advocate an approach that contextualizes literature in a larger conversation and inspires complex and even contentious dialogue, discussion, and contemplation among students in our classroom communities. (Ironically, it is also likely to prepare them for state exams in more effective and motivating ways than test prep exercises can.) Curricula centered on essential questions, "questions that are not answerable with finality in a brief sentence [and aim to] stimulate thought, to provoke inquiry, and to spark more questions—including thoughtful student questions—not just pat answers" (Wiggins & McTighe, 2005, p. 106), and/or big ideas, "themes, issues, and concepts that face teachers and students alike in the 21st century" (George, 2001, p. 81) have the potential to ensure that what matters most about literature makes its way into our classrooms. While this approach is not new, this article reminds us of what is possible in a time when teachers are often asked to achieve the impossible. Given our passion for and advocacy of young adult literature (YA lit), in particular, we draw upon titles for adolescent readers that invite us to discuss why and how to use this literature in ways that foster rich contextualization, especially by posing questions and examining worthwhile ideas. We include references to historical, contemporary, and future-oriented YA fiction that has been well received by middle and high school students and teachers in various regions of the United States, as well as recently published titles that Literature has the potential to allow students and teachers to explore, understand, critique, and emulate alternative ways of living and being reflected in times past, present, and future. Historical fiction exposes readers to stories that are simultaneously real and unreal. They are drawn from the past and shaped by writers living in present history that will soon pass; interpretations remain forever in flux. Yet, these stories "transcend setting in their persistent reminder that the human experience is timeless. That these writers write (and we readers read) these novels attests to the human spirit to question, to explore, to understand the connections that bind us—regardless of the time and place in which we live" (Glenn, 2005). Literature set in contemporary times, as well as the future, affords readers and teachers opportunities to reflect upon current issues—personal, local, and global. It "helps shape our perceptions of people and places in the world. In discussions of literature we have an opportunity to explore the complexity of human difference and human relations, and the conclusions we reach matter. They matter because they tell us who we are and who we can become" (Pace & Townsend, 1999, p. 43). Quite simply, literature matters. We worry, however, that the pervasive external forces that encourage unnecessary simplification and scripted approaches to reading instruction might limit—or eliminate—opportunities for using literature to its full potential. Teachers, particularly those newer to the profession, are increasingly working to navigate the tension between what they perceive they must do and what they know is best for their students. To provide a model


Portions of Highway 101 in Timmins Ontario, near the intersection with Highway 655, are located above and in the vicinity of old mine workings of the famous Hollinger and McIntyre mines. The extraction methods employed at these mines were primarily cut-and-fill and shrinkage stoping to exploit a series of parallel, narrow, steeply dipping gold veins within the Porcupine-Destor Fault. Some of the mine openings (stopes and raises) in this area have been mined up to the bedrock surface and backfilled with unconsolidated sand backfill. Over the years, subsidence has been experienced at a number of properties, particularly in the vicinity of the Highway 101-655 intersection. These events have led to mitigation measures being implemented at various stages over the past half century. Such measures have included sand backfilling of open workings, fencing and the construction of concrete capping structures. This paper discusses the processes used to identify, investigate and remediate the mined out areas where these surface disturbances and potentially unstable crown pillars were threatening to affect surface infrastructure, particularly the main highway. The paper is organized into the following sections: identification of hazardous areas, investigation techniques, assessment and analysis, and remediation options.


For a general cubic equation, linear translation is introduced with some restrictions, which, except some characteristic cases, reduces to solve a supplemen- tary quadratic equation to give a cubic form or otherwise the transformed cubic equations are simply solved via trigonometric functions.


The wide range of developments in social policy has necessitated dividing this commentary into two parts. The first part will examine discrimination law developments; the second part, published inthe next issue, will look at general employment law developments.


Working principles and operational situation of incomplete cophase counter parallel connection rectifying circuit and the differences between incomplete cophase couter and cophase couter parallel connection circuit were analysed. Breakdown reasons of conjugated rectifying voltage transformer and the remedied measures were studied.


Modern archaeology in all parts of the world abounds with unsolved mysteries and riddles. The Classic Maya area of Central America is no exception. One of the less well known, though no less provoking, mysteries being explored at the Guatemalan site of Tikal centers around the function of strange subterranean chambers called chultuns.


During the last decades, a process of specialisation into show jumping (JH) and dressage (DH) has been taking place in the Dutch Warmblood studbook (KWPN). The objectives of this paper were to describe the evolution of the connectedness between JH and DH over the last 15 years and to analyse the change in genetic parameters for some traits in JH and DH. The genetic connectedness between JH and DH, measured as stallions in common, genetic similarity and coefficient of relationship, has been weakening during this period. The specialisation process in JH and DH is expressed in lack of genetic connectedness and in lower genetic correlations between traits measured by JH and DH.


?????? : ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????????. ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? 2013. ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? 2013 ?? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??????. ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? : ????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? : (1) ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?(2) ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????.???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???  88?3 % ?????? ??? ???. ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???81?53 % ?????? ??? ???. ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? 90 % ??? ?? ????? "?????".  ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????
ABSTRACT
MTs AL Munawarah is one of the madrasas under the auspices of the Al Munawarah Islamic Boarding School in Jombang Regency. The curriculum used in the teaching and learning process at this madrasa is the K13 curriculum. This curriculum is very helpful for teachers in developing learning materials in terms of material exploration to how to present the exercises used. The researchers here want to help develop the teaching materials used in accordance with the characteristics of the k13 curriculum. From this development, new K13-based teaching materials emerged that could be used by teachers, especially Arabic teachers. This research approach using developmental (R & D) for Borg and Gall theory consists of: (1) preliminary study, (2) planning, (3) hypothetical model development, (4) hypothetical model review, (5) revision, (6 ) limited trial, (7) revision of test results. From the previous statement, the researchers determined the formulation of the problem: (1) How to prepare reading learning teaching materials using a scientific approach at MTS Al Munawarah Diwek - Jombang. and (2) the characteristics of the preparation of teaching materials for learning to read using a scientific approach at MTS Al Munawarah Diwek - Jombang. Based on the assessment of design experts obtained 88.3% very good standard. The expert's assessment of the content of the book obtained a very good standard of 81.53%. The assessment of the student and teacher questionnaires came in at 90%, which is at the level of "very good." This case shows that this book is very good to use in teaching Arabic from the results of assessments and suggestions from experts and also from the responses of teachers and students.


Non-templated poly(A) tails are added to the 3′-end of most mRNAs, which have important roles in post-transcriptional regulation1–3. Recent studies have revealed that poly(A) tails are not composed purely of A residues, but also contain U, C and G residues internally and at their 3′-ends4–6, revealing new levels of complexity. However, no method is able to analyze these internal and terminal non-A residues simultaneously. Here, we developed a new method called PAIso-seq2 which captures RNA 3′-ends by direct 3′ adaptor ligation and rRNA removal by CRISPR/Cas9. This method allows simultaneous evaluation of the poly(A) tail length and 5′-end, internal, and 3′-end non-A residues together with the full-length cDNA for a transcript. Applying this method, we achieved the first complete transcriptome-wide 3′ tail map of mRNA within the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments of mammalian cells, uncovering differences in poly(A) tail length and non-A residues between these two mRNA populations. A survey of diverse eukaryotic species revealed the conservation of a subset of poly(A) tails containing consecutive U residues in the internal positions, whereas those with consecutive C or G residues were of much lower abundance. Together, we established the first method to be able to comprehensively analyze poly(A) tail 5′-end, internal and 3′-end non-A residues in addition to the length simultaneously, and reveal the first complete mRNA 3′ tail map, providing rich insights into the regulatory roles of poly(A) tails.


The magnetic anisotropy is a prerequisite for a metal complex to behave as a single-molecule magnet (SMM). Unfortunately, today we do not fully understand the relationships between the local structural parameters and the magnetic anisotropy that results at the molecular level. This is an issue that has become recursive in this area. Out of the synthesis work which is still important, but generates a multiplication of SMMs with frustrating properties, there are various studies to understand these relationships among which most are theoretical studies. In this context, we believe that polarized neutron diffraction (PND) can provide an experimental and complementary point of view to these theoretical studies. PND is indeed well known to allow an accurate determination of the spin density in magnetic compounds and in the field of molecular magnetism it has provided unique information on the pathways and the nature of intra- or intermolecular magnetic coupling [1]. In the case of highly anisotropic paramagnetic materials, where local magnetic moments cannot be aligned by an external magnetic field, that is more tricky, but a method based on local magnetic susceptibility tensor, has been recently developed that allows now analysing the data in this case and obtaining the magnetization distribution [2]. This approach was first used for inorganic compounds. Our idea has been to use this approach to go beyond the reconstruction of spin density to study the magnetic anisotropy in molecular systems. In this paper, we present the results of such an approach applied for the first time to metal complexes that are simple mono and dinuclear cobalt(II) complexes.


Head motion is inevitable in the acquisition of diffusion-weighted images, especially for certain motion-prone subjects and for data gathering of advanced diffusion models with prolonged scan times. Deficient accuracy of motion correction cause deterioration in the quality of diffusion model reconstruction, thus affecting the derived measures. This results in either loss of data, or introducing bias in outcomes from data of different motion levels, or both. Hence minimizing motion effects and reutilizing motion-contaminated data becomes vital to quantitative studies. We have previously developed a 3-dimensional hierarchical convolution neural network (3D H-CNN) for robust diffusion kurtosis mapping from under-sampled data. In this study, we propose to extend this method to motion-contaminated data for robust recovery of diffusion model-derived measures with a process of motion assessment and corrupted volume rejection. We validate the proposed pipeline in two in-vivo datasets. Results from the first dataset of individual subjects show that all the diffusion tensor and kurtosis tensor-derived measures from the new pipeline are minimally sensitive to motion effects, and are comparable to the motion-free reference with as few as eight volumes retained from the motion-contaminated data. Results from the second dataset of a group of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder demonstrate the ability of our approach in ameliorating spurious group differences due to head motion. This method shows great potential for exploiting some valuable but motion-corrupted DWI data which are likely to be discarded otherwise, and applying to data with different motion level thus improving their utilization and statistic power.


Herein, a novel strategy of precursor-engineering coupled with microwave-molten-salt (PE-MWMS) is developed to synthesize graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with an isotype triazine-/heptazine-based g-C3N4 heterojunction for HER photocatalysts under visible light illumination. Four hybrid precursor series of thiourea/melamine, thiourea/dicyandiamide, urea/melamine and urea/dicyandiamide are used to synthesize g-C3N4 heterojunctions via the PE-MWMS process. Control experiments indicate that the components of the precursors and microwave treatment have great effects on the HER performance of g-C3N4 samples. The g-C3N4 samples synthesized with the optimal molar ratios of thiourea/melamine (2/1) and thiourea/dicyandiamide (2/1), urea/melamine (3/1) and urea/dicyandiamide (3/1), exhibit the highest HER rates of 3135, 2519, 2844, and 2565 μmol g-1 h-1, respectively. The amounts of heptazine and triazine units in the g-C3N4 samples can be well adjusted by changing the ratios of hybrid precursors, and play a decisive role in improving their photocatalytic HER activity. Because of the unique composition and microstructure, the efficient separation of electron-hole pairs, the broadening photo-absorption edges as well as the narrowed band gaps, the as-obtained triazine-/heptazine-based g-C3N4 nanostructures exhibit fascinating activity for the HER application.


The anticonvulsant known as Potiga (ezogabine) in the US and as Trobalt (retigabine) in Europe will be discontinued by the manufacturer at the end of June. Details here.


ABSTRACT A new chemically modified carbon paste electrode by 2,2ʹ-((pyridine-2,6-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))diphenol (L) ligand has been made and used as a sensor for determination of trace mercury and cadmium ions with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods. Complexation studies of the ligand with Cu2+, Zn2+, Hg2+, Ni2+ and Cd2+ ions by conductometric method in acetonitrile–ethanol mixture at 25°C show that the ML complexes have formed. The formation constants of complexes were calculated from the computer fitting of the molar conductance–mole ratio data, and the stability of the resulting complexes varied in order of Cd2+ > Hg2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Ni2+. Then a simple and effective chemically modified carbon paste electrode with L was prepared, and the electrochemical properties and applications of the modified electrode were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the detection limit was 0.0494 μg L−1 and 0.0782 μg L−1 for cadmium and mercury ions, respectively, and the linear range for both metal ions were from 1 to 100 μg L−1. The electrode shows high sensitivity, reproducibility and low cost, and was successfully applied to determination of Cd2+ and Hg2+ ions in water samples with recovery in the range of 97–101%.


[Objective]The research aimed to put forward water demand regular which was fit for the tomato growth and achieve water saving,yield increasing and high quality. [Method] The test method of village crop cultivation was adopted to study the tomato growth,physiological property,water consumption,yield and water use efficiency. [Result] The tomato yield and water consumption showed quadratic parabola,which was y =- 11. 634x2+ 703. 84x- 8 714. 3. [Conclusion]The effect of treatment 2 was the best. It could increase the tamato yield and water use efficiency.


Aim: To compare the rise in temperature inside pulp chambers with two different provisional crown prosthesis materials.
Study Design: Comparative -in vitro.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Prosthodontics, Liaquat Medical University Hospital from AUGUST 2019 TO DECEMBER 2019.
Methodology: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mean rise in temperature during provisional restoration utilising Polymethyl methacrylate resin (PMMA) versus bis- glycidyl methacrylate resin (Bis-GMA) at in-vitro laboratory of Prosthodontic department, Liaquat University of Medical and Health, Jamshoro. A total number of 60 extracted maxillary central incisor teeth were selected using non probability consecutive sampling technique. Teeth were divided into two groups on the basis of fabrication material used. In group I; Poly-methyl methacrylate resin (PMMA) was used for provisional restoration and in group II; bis-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) was used for provisional restoration. Tooth preparations were performed following all the principles. Mean temperature rise was recorded and compared for both material over each tooth using radicular approach after placing the provisional restorations in impression mould.
Results: A total number of 60 teeth were selected, out of which 31 (51.67%) were right maxillary central incisor and 29 (48.33%) were left maxillary central incisor. On comparison of mean rise in pulp temperature between the PMMA group and Bis-GMA group, mean rise in temperature was significantly high in PMMA group; 40.59±0.56°C versus 39.40±0.53°C in Bis-GMA group (p-value <0.0001).
Conclusion: The mean rise in pulp temperature using Bis-GMA resin was significantly less as compared to the PMMA material. So Bis-GMA should be preferred over PMMA material for provisional restorations.


Eurofound, the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, has launched new publications and research material on Active Ageing including the new Active Ageing Resource Pack. The Resource Pack on Active Ageing is available here: http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/resourcepacks/activeageing.htm For more up-to-date information on active ageing please click on the following link: http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/europeanyear2012/ for more and up-to-date information on Active Ageing.


The first objective of parallelization is to speed up the program execution. Typically, a program is split into multiple parts that are computed on different computation cores. A usual approach is to balance the load of each core, splitting the computation evenly among them. However, when the program performs computations in floating-point arithmetic, we should pay extra attention to their numerical accuracy. Indeed, floating-point numbers are a finite approximation of real numbers, they are therefore prone to accuracy problems due to the accumulated round-off errors. Concerning the numerical accuracy, parallelism introduces additional problems due to the order of operations between several computation units. Rather than focusing on balancing the load, we focus here on a proper split of the problem driven by the numerical accuracy of the computation. In this paper, we describe a new technique that relies on static analysis by abstract interpretation, and which aims at improving the numerical accuracy of computations by dividing the problem, between computation units, according to the order of magnitude of data.


"PROJECT ENABLE was more than meetAid to Families with Dependent Children ings. It was company-friends like I never program at the state legislature], became had before. I could relax for two hours. I President of an AFDC league, these things, could talk about problems, and someone I didn't dream of doing...." would understand. Just talking about probThe purpose of this article is to share our lems gives you courage to do something impressions of the impact of Project ENabout them." The preceding statement of the ABLE on the parents and surrogate parents meaning of ENABLE was made by a parwho participated in the program and to sugticipant in a parent discussion group in gest some implications for the practice of Georgia. Excerpts from a letter written by an social work in voluntary agencies. Indian mother in Minnesota describe her exThe parent groups were recruited and perience: maintained in a wide variety of settings and "I remember the first time I went to a circumstances throughout the United States. parent discussion group. I only went to see They included residents .of huge high-rise what it was all about as I was a person who housing projects in the ghetto areas of the didn't really care about any thing and never largest cities; plantation sharecroppers in knew what other people did. I thought I was Arkansas; Spanish-speaking people in alone in this world with my children, as when Texas; migrant workers in California labor their Father left I knew I had to see these camps; and residents of the deteriorating kids thru life alone, so I thought. no one houses and housing projects that are typical cared what happen to us, even tho I knew all of the low-income areas of small cities and the people in that first meeting. I felt real towns. One group, entirely composed of good when I heard they had just as much men, met in the back room of a bar in a problems and even more than I. I felt I left California city. Another group of men, ima real load there, and I never missed another prisoned for nonsupport of their families, meeting as it really helped me to share my met within the confines of a prison. In sevproblems with other mothers. . . . eral cities unmarried mothers who had kept "I have come closer to my children. I have their children joined ENABLE groups, and learned I have just as much right in this throughout the nation AFDC mothers beworld as the next, even if I am an Indian. I came enthusiastic, active group members. know how to get help when I need it, and The members of the various groups had one of all things I am not even afraid to speak problem in common: the rearing of children up any more. . . . under the stresses of living on a poverty in"I have done things in ENABLE I have come in an affluent society. never thought I would ever do. I have panThe poor have been subjected to intensive eled [participated in a panel discussion beexamination during the past few years. They fore a large group], gave speeches, went have been described as apathetic, skeptical lobbing [lobbying for improvements in the of the motives of those who come to help,


Bollens attempts to define and analyze five basic kinds of special districts: metropolitan, urban fringe, coterminous, rural and school districts, the latter making up more than four-fifths of such special districts.


The Solar Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE) is a small spectrometer obtaining solar irradiance measurements in the ultraviolet, 120 to 420 nm. This radiation, especially at wavelengths below 300 nm, is absorbed by the earth's middle and upper atmosphere providing the dominant energy input. Even small changes in this radiation field will have an impact on the atmosphere's composition, temperature, and dynamics. The challenge is to measure solar irradiance with better than 1% relative accuracy over arbitrarily long time periods. The SOLSTICE has the unique capability of observing both the Sun and early type stars using the same optics and detectors. Only apertures and integration times are altered to cover a dynamic range of nine orders of magnitude. Individually these 'standard' stars should vary by only small fractions of a percent over time periods of thousands of years, and the ensemble average flux from twenty or thirty of these stars is an even more stable reference. We describe the SOLSTICE technique and results from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) SOLSTICE that has made daily observations since October 1991. A second generation SOLSTICE is now being designed for the Earth Observing System (EOS), to be flown within the next seven years, hopefully overlapping the UARS mission.


Electronic structure and transport properties of highly defective two‐dimensional sp2 graphene are investigated theoretically.  Classical  molecular  dynamics  are  used  to  generate  large  graphene  planes  containing  a considerable  amount  of  defects.  Then,  a  tight‐binding  Hamiltonian  validated  by  ab  initio  calculations  is constructed  in order to compute quantum transport within a real‐space order‐N Kubo‐Greenwood approach. In contrast to pristine graphene, the highly defective sp2 carbon sheets exhibit high density of states at charge neutrality point raising challenging questions concerning the electronic transport of associated charge carriers. The  analysis  of  the  electronic  wavepacket  dynamics  actually  reveals  extremely  strong multiple  scattering effects yielding to mean free paths as low as 1nm and localization phenomena. Consequently, highly defective graphene is envisioned as a remarkable prototype of 2D Anderson insulating materials.


include socially marginal persons. &dquo;The temporal and social axes in fact intersect at Matt 10:5b-6&dquo; (p. 277). 11 unfolding her thesis, the author treats of the following areas: ichap. 1) the exclusivity logion (Matt 10:5b-6) and Matthean salvation history; (chap. 2) the genealogy; (chap. 3) the infancy; (chap. 4) the centurion and the sons of the kingdom; (chap. 5) the Canaanite woman in context; (chap. 6) the Great Commission ; (chap. 7) the rejection of the Jews (interpretation of the Great Commission with Matt 21:33-43; 22:1-14; 23:37-39, and the eschatological discourse Matt 25:1-13,14-30,31-46); (chap. 8) Jewish Guilt, Jewish Innocence and the True Israel (Matt 11-12; 13:1-51; 27:22-26). The book ends with a full bibliography and indices.


Abstract— Studies were carried out to determine whether rilmenidine, a recently introduced antihypertensive agent with a similar mechanism of action of Clonidine, possesses histamine‐like activity on tissues responding to histamine H2‐receptor agonists. In guinea‐pig isolated atria, both histamine and Clonidine caused concentration‐dependent positive chronotropic effects which were blocked by the histamine H2‐receptor antagonist Cimetidine (5 μM);.in contrast, rilmenidine produced a concentration‐dependent negative chronotropic effect which was not altered by Cimetidine. In stilboestrol‐treated rat isolated uterus contracted by KC1, histamine and Clonidine produces concentration‐dependent relaxations which were blocked by Cimetidine (5 μM); rilmenidine also produced relaxation, but this was not affected by Cimetidine (5 μM). These findings suggest that rilmenidine, unlike Clonidine, does not activate histamine H2‐receptors in either guinea‐pig atria or rat uterus.


Osteomalacia is characterized by a low serum calcium and phosphate with elevated serum alkaline phosphatase. Osteomalacia may be caused by deficiency of vitamin D or phosphate deficiency. Malabsorption syndromes, renal failure and liver disease can result in vitamin D deficiency. Looser's zone are linear areas of low density surrounded by sclerotic borders, which are a feature of osteomalacia. In adults, treatment is with a daily dose of calciferol (20-25 micrograms).


Peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PB-MSCs) show promise as a source of cells for autologous transplantation because they can be harvested through minimally invasive procedures. To ensure adequate numbers of cells for transplantation and tissue regeneration, PB-MSCs must first be cultured and expanded in vitro, but whether long-term passage modifies their properties has been poorly understood. In this study we triggered production of PB-MSCs in rabbits using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and AMD3100, and then isolated and expanded the cells in culture until they reached a state of senescence, usually after about 20 passages. Cultures of low-, middle-, and high-passage numbers were compared in terms of morphology, proliferative capacity, phenotype, differentiation potential, apoptosis, metabolic indicators, and senescence. As passage number increased, MSCs retained their elongated spindle shape, but became larger and flatter, slowed in growth gradually, and increased proportio...


of the thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of M.Appl.Sc Fair Trade Coffee Supply Chains in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea: Do They Give Higher Returns to Smallholders? By Wayne Ismael Powae This research focussed on Fair Trade (FT) coffee supply chains in Papua New Guinea. Three research questions were asked. First, do smallholders in the FT chains receive higher returns than the smallholders in the conventional chains? Secondly, if smallholders in the FT coffee chains receive higher returns from their coffee than the smallholders in the conventional chains, what are the sources of these higher returns? Finally, if smallholders in the FT chains don't receive higher returns than in the conventional chains, what are the constraints to smallholders receiving higher returns from the FT coffee chains than the conventional chains? A conceptual framework for agribusiness supply chain was developed that was used to guide the field work. A comparative case study methodology was selected as an appropriate method for eliciting the required information. Four case study chains were selected. A paired FT and conventional coffee chains from Okapa and another paired FT and conventional chains from Kainantu districts, Eastern Highlands Province were selected for the study. The research found that smallholders in the FT chains and conventional chains receive very similar prices for their coffee (parchment price equivalent). Hence, there was no evidence that smallholders in the FT chains received higher prices or returns from their coffee production than smallholders in conventional chains. This study also found that there was no evidence of FLO certification improving returns to smallholders in the FT chains over those returns received in the conventional chains, but the community that the FT smallholder producers come from did benefit. The sources of these community benefits lies in the shorter FT chains and the distributions of the margin that would have been otherwise made by


Let D = {z ∈ C : |z| < 1} denote the open unit disk and H∞ denote the class of all bounded analytic functions f on the unit disk D with the supremum norm ‖f‖∞ := supz∈D |f(z)|. Also, let B = {f ∈ H∞ : ‖f‖∞ ≤ 1} and B0 = {ω ∈ B : ω(0) = 0}. Note that if |f(z)| = 1 for some z ∈ ∂D, then, by the maximum principle, it follows that f should be unimodular constant functions. So, one can conveniently exclude constant functions. In 1914, the following theorem was proved by Harald Bohr [4] for 0 ≤ r ≤ 1/6 and then, it was improved to 0 ≤ r ≤ 1/3 independently by M. Riesz, I. Schur and F. W. Wiener.


We report the use of ethanol−supercritical carbon dioxide mixtures as solvents in the formation of n-alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold. Results from reflectance−absorption infrared spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveal that the SAMs formed from these environmentally friendly solvent mixtures are highly crystalline and exhibit large resistances against the diffusion of redox probes. Increasing the percentage of ethanol in the solvent results in SAMs with larger average cant angles and lower charge-transfer resistances, consistent with a greater density of defect sites within the film. The ability to control the defect density within the SAM by simply altering the ethanol−carbon dioxide solvent composition represents a straightforward and environmentally friendly strategy for tuning the properties of these molecular films.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on a co-design process that was initiated between government and the private sector in Botswana to redesign current ISD practice with particular focus on finding a solution for learning failure. Learning failure was analysed retrospectively using concepts of "task conscious" and "learning conscious" learning. Design/methodology/approach – On the basis of a typical Botswana ISD project in which the lead researcher participated, inefficiencies and shortcomings in the standardised Botswana ISD process in terms of full utilisation of learning processes to support systems success were examined. Through the Developmental Work Research (DWR) methodology, which is based on Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) principles, IS practitioners from government and the private sector, together with users collaborated to redesign the current Botswana ISD work practice in order to address this shortcoming. Findings – The result has been the incorporation of activity-ba...


In health related research it is common to have multiple outcomes of interest in a single study. These outcomes are often analysed separately, ignoring the correlation between them. One would expect that a multivariate approach would be a more efficient alternative to individual analyses of each outcome. Surprisingly, this is not always the case. In this article we discuss different settings of linear models and compare the multivariate and univariate approaches. We show that for linear regression models, the estimates of the regression parameters associated with covariates that are shared across the outcomes are the same for the multivariate and univariate models while for outcome-specific covariates the multivariate model performs better in terms of efficiency.


Liu Yuxi had been demoted in southern Ba-Chu region for a long period. The extremely different folk-custom and products had been written in his poets,especially in manufacture and basic necessities of live,marriage and amour,religion and stanza,nature sights and products,etc,and revealed the historical folk value.


This study aimed to explore the decolorization effect of eight agents on hydrolyzed apricot sauce.Active carbon was identified as the optimal decolorizing agent based on decolorization rate and organic acid loss rate.The decolorization of hydrolyzed apricot sauce using active carbon was optimized by one-factor-at-a-time method and orthogonal array design.The optimal process parameters were active carbon amount of 1.2 g/100 mL,decolorization temperature of 70 ℃ and decolorization time of 60 min.Under these conditions,the decolorization rate of hydrolyzed apricot sauce was 93.01% and the organic acid loss rate was 5.89%.


Clerodendron infortunatum Linn is widely used for the treatment of malaria and vermifuge, scorpion and snake bites, tumors, inflammation, bronchitis and in wound healing. The present study was carried out to estimate the variation in the amounts of Gallic acid, Rutin and Quercetin in Clerodendron infortunatum Linn.leaves extracts collected in different seasons using high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC).In this study, leaves of C. infortunatum were subjected to methanol extractions using Soxhlet method and cold maceration. The leaves were collected in different seasons in the months of December (Sample A -Shishir rutu-Winter season) and July (Sample B -Varsha Rutu -Rainy season). The methanolic extracts were subjected to HPTLC study & using CAmag HPTLC system, employing a mixture of toluene:ethyl acetate:formic acid:methanol(3:6:1.6:0.4 ) as the mobile phase with densitometric scanning at 254nm. Quantity of Quercetin is found in both samples, extracted by Soxhlet method. Its quantity is higher in the winter season. Quantity of Gallic acidis found in both samples. Its quantity is the same in Sample B by Soxhlet extraction method & maceration method respectively. Quantity of Rutin is found in both the samples extracted by Soxhlet & maceration methods. It is higher in the sample-A. The present HPTLC method is used for the detection and quantization of Gallic acid, Quercetin and Rutin of C. infortunatum leaves. It needs to study the season wise and region wise variation of phytochemicals in useful parts of all other plants by different extraction methods.


As of 2014, there were few reliable publication sources of epidemiology data for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) in France, particularly with regard to indolent forms such as Follicular Lymphoma (FL), Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (WM) and Marginal Zone Lymphoma (MZL). In addition, epidemiology registries provide useful data on disease incidence but no information can be directly obtained on the number of relapsed patients, especially in the rare iNHL subtypes. At the same time, many new and effective drugs will be made available to the Hematologist/Oncologist community. As a consequence, there will be an increase in the complexity of therapeutic algorithms. We undertook an innovative modeling approach to address the need for a greater understanding of the number of relapsed patients available to these new therapies. The objective of the model was to determine the yearly incidence of first line and later lines of therapy patients from 2014 to 2018 and in consequence, provide relevant data to determine precisely which population might be in need for the new compounds and bring accurate data that could be implemented into a prospective economic model. First, we used the "Registre Regional des Hemopathies Malignes de Basse-Normandie" (RRHMBN) to collect real world patient characteristics, such as patient subgroups and tumor staging. The RRHMBN is dedicated to Hematological malignancies and supported by official Health Authorities: "Institut National du Cancer"(INCA) and "Institut National de Veille Sanitaire" (INVS). Then, we applied these data to the French National Network of Registers "FRANCIM" incidence and survival data (table 1 below). Finally, we applied the results from medical literature to progression free survival for each standard of care treatment in our epidemiological model. The table below shows yearly the number of patients in need for treatment in first and subsequent lines of therapy as produced by our model. Our modeling approach compensates for a lack of real world information on relapsed iNHL. We have shown that there is a significant number of relapsed patients who are in need of new treatments in France. The model is able to answer the question of how many patients are in need of novel therapies in later lines through 2018 and provide for iNHL investigators efficient prospective data that can be integrated into medico-economic model development. Furthermore, these data address a current medical need for the development of a new iNHL algorithm, necessitated by the expected arrival of new treatment options for patients in the relapsed setting. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The problem of searching occurrences of a pattern P[0...m-1] in the text T[0...n-1] with m ≤ n, where the symbols of P and T are drawn from some alphabet Σ of size σ, is called exact string matching problem. The problem of searching a set of patterns P0, P1, P2...Pr-1, r ≥ 1, in the given text T is called multi-pattern string matching problem. This problem has been previously solved by bit-parallel strings matching algorithms: shift-or and Backward non-deterministic DAWG matching (BNDM). In this paper, we extend BNDM algorithm with q-gram (B. Durian et al., 2008) for multiple patterns, where patterns are taken as "limited expressions". We define limited expression as subset of extended patterns excluding regular expression, optional and repeatable characters. Some examples are: patterns in case sensitive, patterns containing classes of characters etc. The set of r multiple patterns can be handled by converting into single pattern P by using either classes of characters or concatenating the characters of each patterns. We assume that each pattern is of equal size m and total length of pattern (after pre-processing) is less than or equal to word length (w) of computer used. We compare the performance of multi-patterns q-gram BNDM algorithm with already existing BNDM algorithm.


procedure. Thereby, 40 steroids were found in the urine and two of them, pregnanetetrol200 and pregnenetetrol-200, which have so far not been reported in biological reports, were identified in the patients' urine. The differences in the steroid synthesis, as for sex and age, were confirmed by the re sults. Although the ratio, androsterone (An)/etiocholanolone (Et) was not so characteristic of sex as has been reported, a ratio: 1113-H0-An/11O-HO-Et was more characteristic of sex. That is, normal adult females had ratios below 5.1, and normal adult males were divided into two groups: one with a ratio below 5.1 and the other. The patients excreted not only large quantities of steroids lacking the hydroxyl group at C-21 position, which were never found in any of the urine from the normals, but also significant amounts of 21-HO-steroids that might explain steroid synthesis through by-pass ways or efficiencies of synthesis in these cases. The excretion and the ratios differed to an appreciable degree among the cases but not so greatly between the twin cases. This suggests that the detailing urinary steroid excretion represents a proper genetic expression of the enzyme activities on the biosynthesis and the metabolisms of steroids.


With the development of the natural gas industry, the contradiction between upstream gas sources' supply and downstream consumers' demand has become more and more prominent. In order to improve the supply reliability of the natural gas pipeline network, the construction and development of gas storage facilities (GSFs) have become an inevitable trend. Considering different time scales and GSFs constraint equations, this paper establishes the capacity design and scheduling optimization model of GSFs in natural gas pipeline network system under multi-period. The GAMS modeling system and DICOPT solver are adopted to solve the optimization models. Firstly, based on long-term seasonal consumer demand fluctuations and natural gas price changes, the optimal construction capacity and injection and withdrawal scheduling arrangements of underground gas storage (UGS) under different supply scenarios are determined by considering it's peak shaving and hedging functions. The construction of UGS can not only make up for the gas shortage of consumers but also bring considerable economic benefits to the pipeline network system. Secondly, considering the gas storage potential of the pipeline, the optimization strategy of cooperative scheduling of UGS and line-pack is solved under the fluctuation of short-term consumer demand. The reasonable application of line-pack greatly improves the gas supply flexibility of pipeline network system.


The aim of this article is to determine the role of administrative science with regard to the governance concept. It is argued that governance in the way it is employed in current discussions is not restricted to an analytical function, but comprises certain normative connotations. This leads to risks and potential distortions in the analysis of administrative structures. The paradoxes of New Public Management serve as an example of governance offering an interpretation whose coherence is at least questionable. Against this background, administrative science is depicted as the discipline which offers the methodological tools for preventing possible new interpretations from becoming misconception.


A 50-year-old Nigerian man presented in January 2017 with extensive widespread nodules on his face, trunk and limbs (Fig. 1). Some had become ulcerated or necrotic, while others had resolved spontaneously. The patient had some small volume inguinal lymphadenopathy but was systemically well. He had been diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 2010, but had not received treatment because he had a high CD4 count (1758 9 10/L) and this was the procedure in the guidelines at that time. His comorbidities included chronic hepatitis B and Type 2 diabetes. In 2014, he developed biopsy-proven eczema unresponsive to topical treatments, and was treated with two short courses of oral prednisolone, but the condition flared soon afterwards. The patient was started on oral ciclosporin 150 mg twice daily in January 2016, which was increased to 200 mg twice daily and then 250 mg twice daily (5 mg/kg/day) in March 2016. In April 2016, he developed left axillary lymphadenopathy, and following excision biopsy and positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT), he was diagnosed with stage IV Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and his ciclosporin was stopped. He was then treated with six cycles of ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine) chemotherapy and antiretroviral therapy with emtricitabine/tenofovir (Truvada; Gilead Sciences, Cambridge, UK) and raltegravir. His HIV viral load was suppressed within 2 months and his CD4 count remained at > 800 9 10/L. The end-of-treatment PET-CT scan showed a significant reduction in the size and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avidity of the lymphadenopathy but without complete resolution. A repeat inguinal lymph node biopsy in December 2016 showed no evidence of HL. This was therefore interpreted as complete remission of HL, with the persistent lymphadenopathy due to active eczema. Skin biopsies were taken from the nodules and an inguinal lymph node and histological examination revealed a prominent dermal lymphoid infiltrate with a predominance of large lymphoid blasts, positive for CD30 expression, and negative for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). PET-CT showed widespread metabolic cutaneous activity with increased metabolic activity in the axillary and inguinal nodes but no deep lymphadenopathy. The differential diagnosis of CD30+ ALK-negative neoplasms involving the skin includes primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (cALCL), systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (sALCL) with secondary skin involvement, transformed mycosis fungoides (MF) and lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP). A review of the original eczematous biopsy excluded MF. LyP was considered unlikely due to the large tumours, peripheral lymphadenopathy and the lack of complete resolution of all lesions. As the patient was systemically well with ALK negativity and superficial lymphadenopathy and no organ involvement, these findings favoured a diagnosis of cALCL with secondary lymph node involvement. The patient was started on treatment with the antiCD30 agent brentuximab vedotin as an intravenous infusion once every 3 weeks at 1.8 mg/m. Following two cycles, the cutaneous lesions regressed and there were no new lesions or lymphadenopathy. He tolerated treatment well, with no infusion reactions or significant adverse effects (AEs). PET-CT after Cycle 4 Correspondence: Dr Sonia Wolf, Department of Haemato-Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, EC1A 7BE, UK E-mail: email@example.com


Health care professionals should become familiar with the follow up of a newborn (NB) growth as well as the techniques and the criteria used in its evaluation. It aimed to evaluate the weight gain of premature newborns at a Neonatal Unit and describe the variables on feeding and types of milk, medications, and gastrointestinal alterations that have been influencing on their weight gain. Exploratory-descriptive study carried out with eighteen premature newborns hospitalized in a maternity of Fortaleza-Ceara-Brazil, from July to August 2005. The data about daily weight, ways and type of feeding, use of medications, gastrointestinal alterations were extracted from patient´s records. It was identified that 16 (88.9%) were moderate preterm, and 10 (55.6%) were low birth weight (<2.500g) babies. The findings showed a gain of 20 to 30g of weight per day, which is considered satisfactory; however, it had influences on the nutrition with the use of nutritional supplements and antibiotics. It was concluded that the weight evaluation of premature babies is a strategy to promote health at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.


Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect is known to be one of the main phenomena in quantum optics. The effect occurs when two identical single-photon waves enter a 1:1 beam splitter, one in each input port. When the photons are identical, they will extinguish each other. One of the main elements of the HOM interferometer is the beam splitter, which has its own coefficients of reflection $R = 1/2$ and transmission $ T = 1/2 $. In this work, the general mechanism of the interaction of two photons in a beam splitter is considered using an analytical solution, which shows that in the HOM theory of the effect it is necessary to know (including when planning the experiment) not only $ R = 1/2 $ and $ T = 1/2 $, but also their root-mean-square fluctuations $ \Delta R ^ 2, \Delta T ^ 2 $, which arise due to the dependence of $R = R(\omega_1, \omega_2) $ and $ T = T (\omega_1, \omega_2) $ on the frequencies where $\omega_1, \omega_2$ are the frequencies of the first and second photons, respectively. Under certain conditions, specifically when the dependence of the fluctuations $ \Delta R^2 $ and $ \Delta T^2 $ can be neglected and $ R=T=1/2 $ is chosen, the developed theory coincides with previously known results.


of two complex variables in different regions Mosaed M. Makky and Mohamed O. Soltan Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, South Valley University (Qena-Egypt) Email: email@example.com, email@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract In this paper we derive the effectiveness of similar transposed sets of polynomials of two complex variables in origin, when the constituent sets are originally effective under a normalizing conditions for these sets. Moreover, when the constituent sets under the normalizing conditions are algebraic and functional sets, the effectiveness of similar transposed sets of polynomials in open hyperspheres is given here. Finally the effectiveness of similar transposed sets of polynomials and effectiveness of inverse similar transposed sets of polynomials are studied here.


Genetic and environmental factors interact to regulate Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. The strongest genetic risk factor for the development of late-onset AD is the ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE4). APOE encodes the apolipoprotein (apoE) cholesterol transporter, which has a role in lipid homeostasis. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome are primary modifiable risk factors for AD and may exacerbate these genetic vulnerabilities. Indeed, recent research from our lab demonstrated a significant interaction between obesity and APOE genotype in the regulation of AD-like pathology in EFAD mice in which obesogenic diet increased pathology in APOE4 but not APOE3 genotype. Because increased inflammation is implicated in driving AD pathogenesis and is associated with the deleterious effects of both obesity and APOE4, inflammation represents a compelling candidate mechanism by which obesity and APOE4 interact to accelerate the development of AD. To gain insight into this possibility, the current research compared the effects of normal and obesogenic diet in male mice with APOE3 versus APOE4 genotype on inflammatory indices systemically and in brain. Further, we considered downstream effects of these interactions, focusing on metabolic and behavioral outcomes. Experimentally, adult male mice (N = 34) with knock-in of human APOE3 (E3) or APOE4 (E4) were maintained on Western diet (WD; high in saturated fat and sugars) or standard chow for 12 weeks beginning at age 3 months. Expression of microglia/macrophage markers, cytokines, and immune response factors were determined peripherally (e.g., plasma, adipose tissue) and in brain. In addition, mice were assessed on a range of metabolic (e.g., adiposity, glucose tolerance, fasting levels of glucose, insulin, and leptin) and behavioral (e.g., spontaneous alternation behavior, elevated plus maze) measures. Results from this investigation will provide novel insight into the interactions between APOE and diet-induced obesity, which will inform on the mechanisms contributing to their cooperative actions in regulating AD pathology. Abstract Citation 1 2 3Citation 1 2 3 1 2 3 Effects of APOE genotype and obesity on metabolic and inflammato... https://abstractsonline.com/pp8/#!/4649/presentation/19514 1 of 1 10/23/18, 12:15 PM


I hope everyone is having a good New Year so far. For Optical Engineering, 2014 is going to be the continuation of some dramatic changes that we implemented in 2013. We added five major categories overseen by senior editors in the areas of:

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Imaging Components, Systems, and Processing

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Instrumentation, Techniques, and Measurement

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Optical Design and Engineering

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Fiber Optics, Communications, and Lasers

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Materials, Devices, and Sensors.


By increasing the consumption of energy in all over the world, a sharp shortage in sources and an increasing in costs of energy face the consumers in all different sectors, so the energy conservation becomes more important to apply. This research presents an energy auditing case study in Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) facilities in addition to economical evaluations using payback method. The energy audit team worked in the facilities at many systems such as electrical system, and mechanical system (Boilers and chillers). In electrical system the team chooses the new electrical tariff, improves the power factor and installs electronic ballast. Also an efficiency test was performed for two steam boilers; these tests were based on flue gas measurement, calculating radiation and convection losses and direct measurement of the amount of diesel consumed during the test. In addition to that there were monitoring for the power consumption of chillers for a period of 8 days to observe the running time for each one, and the refrigeration capacity was determined by measuring the condenser water flow rate, water temperature difference and chiller power consumption. During this study it was found that the total annual saving is equal to117,053 JD which represents 10.4 % from the total energy bill.


Abstract Objective To determine whether the use of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, separately, is associated with a decreased risk of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and type 2 diabetes. Design Population based cohort study using an active comparator, new user design. Setting The United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked with the Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care and Office for National Statistics databases. Participants Three active comparator, new user cohorts of patients starting the study drugs (GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, or SGLT-2 inhibitors) or sulfonylureas with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The first cohort included 1252 patients starting GLP-1 receptor agonists and 14 259 starting sulfonylureas, the second cohort included 8731 patients starting DPP-4 inhibitors and 18 204 starting sulfonylureas, and the third cohort included 2956 patients starting SGLT-2 inhibitors and 10 841 starting sulfonylureas. Main outcome measures Cox proportional hazards models with propensity score fine stratification weighting were fitted to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of severe exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (defined as hospital admission for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), separately for GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, and SGLT-2 inhibitors. Whether these drugs were associated with a decreased risk of moderate exacerbation (defined as a co-prescription of an oral corticosteroid and an antibiotic along with an outpatient diagnosis of acute chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation on the same day) was also assessed. Results Compared with sulfonylureas, GLP-1 receptor agonists were associated with a 30% decreased risk of severe exacerbation (3.5 v 5.0 events per 100 person years; hazard ratio 0.70, 95% confidence interval 0.49 to 0.99) and moderate exacerbation (0.63, 0.43 to 0.94). DPP-4 inhibitors were associated with a modestly decreased incidence of severe exacerbation (4.6 v. 5.1 events per 100 person years; hazard ratio 0.91, 0.82 to 1.02) and moderate exacerbation (0.93, 0.82 to 1.07), with confidence intervals including the null value. Finally, SGLT-2 inhibitors were associated with a 38% decreased risk of severe exacerbation (2.4 v 3.9 events per 100 person years; hazard ratio 0.62, 0.48 to 0.81) but not moderate exacerbation (1.02, 0.83 to 1.27). Conclusions In this population based study, GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors were associated with a reduced risk of severe exacerbations compared with sulfonylureas in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and type 2 diabetes. DPP-4 inhibitors were not clearly associated with a decreased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations.


Due to its location on the northwestern corner of the subcontinent, considered epicenter of the great inter- change of biota between North and South America, the department of Choco represents one of the most important terrestrial and aquatic environments in terms of biodiversity in the American tropics. In addition, the entire area of the department is part of in the Biogeographic Choco, which corresponds to a large proportion of conservation corridor Choco-Manabi, hotspot of biodiversity, as well as the Terrestrial Ecore- gion Priority (ETP) Tumbes-Choco-Magdalena. It has been documented, that chiropterans constitute one  of the most important components of such diversity. Although there are many e orts that compile the chiropterological information of the department, important advances on the documentation of this group of mammals for the region make urgent a constant evaluation of the bat diversity for the department. On this line of ideas, we present an updated list of bats for the department of Choco, which include species that have been reported in national lists and are represented in scienti c collections of national and international institutions. We report a total of 132 Chocoan bat species, corresponding to 64,4% of the chiropteranfau-na of Colombia. Among this diversity there are six species considered at risk threat (IUCN). This diversity is grouped into 59 genera, seven families and 12 subfamilies. This study increases the Chocoan richness of bats in 49%, going from 83 to 132 species. This results position the Choco as the department with the highest number of species of bats in the country, and one of the areas with the greatest bat diversity in the hemisphere. The subregion with the highest species richness in the department was Atrato with 82 species and the municipality with the highest number recorded species was Quibdo with 72 species. However, our analyses suggest a high biotic potential for the region, and at the same time, point out on the scarcity of studies and knowledge and the poor geographic coverage of diversity inventories; a serious situation if we consider the multiple and constant human pressures on nature in this portion of the country. Habitat fragmentation caused by di erent human activities (agriculture, cattle, and mining) as well as hunting are some of the most relevant anthropogenic pressures. In this scenario, it is evident the need for further research in the department, involving taxonomic and eco- logical aspects, which contribute to a better understanding of this group and provide useful tools for the conservation of bats in northwestern Colombia.


Objective:To explore the methods of decerebrate rigidity experiments in order to seek for a new experimenting method with higher successful rate so that it can be more easily performed by students.Methods:The cephalic flesh of anesthetized rabbits was opened,and the cranial bones were exposed,and then at the upper position of the sutura coronalis and sulura lambdoidea's intersection a foramen was drilled with bone drill the diameter of which is 0.5cm,a stabbing frog needle was inserted into the inside of cranium till its bottom and come off towards the both sides so as to cut off the truncus encephalicus.Results:Such appearances of decerebrate rigidity took place in the rabbits as the heads and tails rising,the vertebrates rigidifying,the limbs stretching and so on.Conclusion:The combining experiments of decerebrate rigidity by the way of microcoraniotomy can show the advantageous features as followed: simpler,less bleeding with drilling a foramen and cutting off truncus encephalicus directly,higher rate of success and saving the course-teaching time.Therefore,it is easy to perform in the students'experiments and promote the rate of experimenting success.


: In the US, menstrual education, which provides key information about menstrual hygiene and health to both young girls and boys, historically lacks biologically accurate information about the menstrual cycle and perpetuates harmful perceptions about female reproductive health. When people are unable to differentiate between normal and abnormal menstrual bleeding, based on a lack of quality menstrual education, common gynecological conditions often remain underreported. This raises a question as to how girls' menstrual education experiences influence the ways in which they perceive normal menstrual bleeding and seek treatment for common abnormalities, such as heavy, painful, or irregular menstrual bleeding. A mixed methods approach allowed evaluation of girls' abilities to recognize abnormal menstrual bleeding. A literature review established relevant historical and social context on the prevalence and quality of menstrual education in the US. Then, five focus groups, each including five to eight college-aged women, totaling thirty-three participants, allowed for macro-level analysis of current challenges and gaps in knowledge related to menstruation [5] . To better examine the relationship between menstrual education and reproductive health outcomes, twelve semi-structured, one-on-one interviews allowed micro-level analysis. Those interviews consisted of women diagnosed with endometriosis [6] and polycystic ovary [7] syndrome, common gynecological conditions that include abnormal menstrual bleeding.


This study aims to explore the changes of teacher motivation from an Activity Theory (AT)perspective. Beginning with a brief review of teacher...


Aiming at the safety problem of vehicle lane change in highway maintenance operation area, a survey plan for vehicle lane change traffic data based on the combination of drone and video materials was developed. The vehicle trajectory was collected to analyze the maintenance work of highways in different lanes and vehicle lane change characteristics in the zone. The research shows that when the number of lanes increases, the lane change distance of the forced lane change on the closed lane increases, and the distance between the starting point and the working area increases. The closer to the closed lane, the higher the lane change probability of the vehicle, and the vehicle trajectory is concentrated. The probability of free lane change in the pass lane, the distance between the start point of the lane change and the work area and the lane change distance increases with the increase of number of lanes.


In general, nitrogen and phosphorus in eutrophic water are absorbed by submerged plants for growth, which is considered as a feature and frequently applied in sustainable wastewater treatment. These plants are entirely submerged at the bottom of the water, absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus
 by roots, stems, leaves and epidermal cells. Compared with other species of aquatic plants, submerged plants show certain advantages in the aspects of planting area, total biomass and total removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Rational utilization of submerged plants is an effective way to
 remove nitrogen and phosphorus from eutrophic water. Submerged macrophyte has been at the focus of attention in recent years as an alternative system for aquatic plant wastewater treatment with several applications in eutrophication. Aiming at the pollution control scheme of inland lakes,
 in this study, the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by Hydrilla verticillaya (H. verticillaya) and Vallisneria natans (V. natans) were studied and compared in monoculture and mixed-culture plantings, thus screened the best submerged plants. Results showed that
 the removal capacity for ammonium (NH+4–N), Nitrate (NO–3–N) and total phosphorus (TP) from high to low was NH+4–N, NO–3–N, and TP. Reasonable allocation of plants can
 improve the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus. The order of removal capacity for different submerged plants to pollutants was: mixed culture V. natans and H. verticillaya > H. verticillaya > V. natans. The transformation of NO–3–N
 to NH+4–N was considered as the NH+4–N removal mechanism.


A discrete-trials procedure was used to examine choice behavior in pigeons presented with two alternatives, each comprising a sequence of three fixed-ratio schedules of food delivery. A specific discriminative stimulus was correlated with each sequence and pigeons were presented with a specified number of forced-exposure and choice trials in each session. Three phases were implemented in an effort to investigate the conditions under which fixed ratios other than the first in a sequence of three affect choice


ARMOUR, J. See JENNINGS, F. W. ARTHUR, DON. R. and CHAUDHURI, R. P. A revision of Nosomma monstrosum (Nuttall and Warburton, 1908) Ixodoidea; Ixodidae. (With 18 Figures in the Text), 391 AVERY, R. A. Host parasite relations of some hymenolepidid tapeworms, 6 P AWACHIE, J. B. E. The ecology of Echinorhynchus truttae Schrank, 1788 (Acanthocephala) in a trout stream in North Wales. (With 6 Figures in the Text), 747


EMM(equipment maintenance management)is of important economic value and IMM(industrial maintenance management),an implement of EMM,is effective and efficiently in accomplish the maintenance target.But hindrances like multi-target,multi-variable and multi-uncertainness baffle the implement of IMM.Thus,a comprehensive framework model for maintenance management decision-making is proposed,together with decision analyzing model provided in the paper,can well deal with the problems faced by IMM implement.


An important difference between military and commercial telecommunication networks is that commercial networks, which mostly interconnect fixed installations, rely heavily on fiber optic transmission while military networks, which are mostly mobile, must rely on radio communication. Fiber optic is an ideal transmission medium for today's growing demand for service. It offers a tremendous amount of bandwidth which is relatively error free and low in cost. Radio transmission, on the other hand, offers limited bandwidth which is relatively high in errors and relatively high in equipment and logistics support costs. Technical comparison, however, is irrelevant since, for an army on the move, it is impossible to stop and lay fiber optic cables in order to obtain better performance. The Army, therefore, has to live with the shortcomings of radio transmission and find ways to improve the technology in order to support its special and growing need for service, i.e., the need for mobility and large bandwidths. Enter the High Capacity Trunk Radio (HCTR) and the High Capacity Line of Sight (HCLOS) radio system, two current Army programs which will utilize advanced radio technologies to provide improved wideband radio communication for tactical applications.


The conceptual design and error performance of a CO2 laser ranging system are analyzed. Ranging signal and subsystem processing alternatives are identified, and their comprehensive evaluation yields preferred candidate solutions which are analyzed to derive range and range rate error contributions. The performance results are presented in the form of extensive tables and figures which identify the ranging accuracy compromises as a function of the key system design parameters and subsystem performance indexes. The ranging errors obtained are noted to be within the high accuracy requirements of existing NASA/GSFC missions with a proper system design.


A recent paper by Jones et al. (1981) shows that Drosophila pseudoobscura flies released in the open desert can travel long distances. These investigators uggest that such migration can lead to considerable gene flow, and may account for the similarity of allozyme frequencies among populations of this species. It is possible, however, that the vagility of flies released in the desert is not their natural behavior. One would like to know if flies will leave favorable or already-populated areas and traverse those less favorable. We report here two release experiments in Death Valley, California, that demonstrate Drosophila will in fact leave oases and venture into the surrounding desert, and also travel from one oasis to another across many kilometers of desert. These results support the hypothesis that Drosophila migration may be more extensive than previously supposed. Our first experiment was at Travertine Springs in Death Valley (36? 26' N, 116? 49' W), an oasis 4.2 km southeast of Furnace Creek Ranch. (Furnace Creek Ranch is a commercial date grove and tourist complex with year-round irrigation.) The Travertine oasis area (fig. 1) forms an oval about 350 m long by 80 m wide (long axis NE to SW), and consists of a clump of date palms and several small springs. The water from these springs forms a net of rivulets traversing an area of grasses, mesquite (Prosopis), and tamarisk (Tamarix). To the southwest the oasis is bordered by a road, a dry wash about 100 m wide, and cliffs rising abruptly from the far side of the wash. To the northeast the oasis borders on open desert, which is an old alluvial fan. Here the vegetation is mainly saltbush (Atriplex) and creosote (Larrea), and the area is similar to the desert release site described by Jones et al. (1981). The release population consisted of about 30,000 Drosophila collected over 48 h at the Furnace Creek Ranch date grove. The sample consisted of about 20% D. pseudoobscura ("black flies"; identity confirmed by karyotyping of a sample) and the rest of roughly equal proportions of D. melanogaster and D. simulans (collectively, "yellow flies"): These flies were divided into three approximately equal groups, each of which was marked with a different color of micronized fluorescent dust. The groups were released shortly after sunset at 6:15 p.m., March 31, 1980. One group was released at the northeastern end of the oasis at the major spring outlet, one group at the base of the cliffs 450 m SW of the oasis release site, and the third group in the desert 350 m NE of the oasis release site. Flies were collected the next evening along a 1,600 m trapline extending from the base of the cliffs through the oasis and 1,150 m into the desert. The trapline contained 42 buckets of banana bait, spaced 33 m apart except for irregularities resulting from terrain and a few widely spaced buckets in the desert (fig. 1). Recaptured flies were scored the same evening under ultraviolet light. The results are given in table 1. These data are summarized by dividing the recapture trapline into three areas: the desert east of the oasis (23 baits), the dry


Work zones are not only traffic bottlenecks, but also critical points for the safety of both vehicle occupants and workers. Vehicle speed is a key factor to estimate traffic efficiency and understand safety in work zones. However, the knowledge about how the speed of cars and trucks changes on different lanes in the work zone environment is limited. In this paper, the authors report on a study about the driving behavior and speed changes in a work zone environment considering the lane and location deviation. A typical 6-lane highway segment in Shanghai, China has been selected to collect data by seven (7) digital cameras along the work zone. Free flow speeds of 50 passenger cars and trucks on each lane at each data collection section have been extracted from the videos manually. The statistical analysis shows that vehicles' compliance with the temporary speed limit is extremely low because the speed limit is much lower than desired/possible speed. Speed deviation caused by vehicle type, lane and distance upstream to the work is evident, which indicates a considerable error if studying work zone speed behavior with these three factors ignored. The authors find that the change of speed along the work zone can be divided into two stages (a constant stage and a linear deceleration stage), and a linear regression model for free flow speed prediction of cars and trucks is developed based on normal section speed, lane and location with different distance to work zone.


Several ways were employed in the reinforcement of a science and technology complex building. Beams were strengthened by sticking steel plates outside at less steel consumption and low costs; and columns were easily reinforced with steel enclosures. In addition, fine crack grouting and bar embedding were adopted in the reinforcement. Site load test shows that the building has been effectively reinforced, satisfying the requirements of the national code being in force presently.


The Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Programs (CACREP) is a new accrediting agency (September of 1981). The purpose of this study was to survey the accredited programs of CACREP. Department heads from these programs were asked to respond to a number of questions concerning the characteristics of their faculty, students, program, and admission criteria. The majority of departments reported that the accreditation procedure had a significant positive impact on their program. Descriptive data and general comments from the accredited departments are reported.


The structure of riparian areas was preliminarily classified and the influencing factors were macroscopically analyzed in this paper.According to the texture and slope of riparian nature structure,the riparian areas in the upper reaches of the Yalong River were classified as 30 types.In terms of riparian structure the standard of grade 1 was the existence or nonexistence of the islet in the middle of a river;the standard of grade 2 was the riparian texture;the standard of grade 3 was the grade of cushion slopes;the standard of grade 4 was the slope grade and types of buffer areas.Additionally,the factors of terrain,physiognomy,artificial disturbance and vegetation characters ware of great significance to shaping or adjusting the diversity of riparian structure.


We present a kinematic analysis of 152 low surface gravity M7-L8 dwarfs by adding 18 new parallaxes (including 10 for comparative field objects), 38 new radial velocities, and 19 new proper motions. We also add low- or moderate-resolution near-infrared spectra for 43 sources confirming their low surface gravity features. Among the full sample, we find 39 objects to be high-likelihood or new bona fide members of nearby moving groups, 92 objects to be ambiguous members and 21 objects that are non-members. Using this age-calibrated sample, we investigate trends in gravity classification, photometric color, absolute magnitude, color–magnitude, luminosity, and effective temperature. We find that gravity classification and photometric color clearly separate 5–130 Myr sources from >3 Gyr field objects, but they do not correlate one to one with the narrower 5–130 Myr age range. Sources with the same spectral subtype in the same group have systematically redder colors, but they are distributed between 1 and 4σ from the field sequences and the most extreme outlier switches between intermediate- and low-gravity sources either confirmed in a group or not. The absolute magnitudes of low-gravity sources from the J band through W3 show a flux redistribution when compared to equivalently typed field brown dwarfs that is correlated with spectral subtype. Low-gravity, late-type L dwarfs are fainter at J than the field sequence but brighter by W3. Low-gravity M dwarfs are >1 mag brighter than field dwarfs in all bands from J through W3. Clouds, which are a far more dominant opacity source for L dwarfs, are the likely cause. On color–magnitude diagrams, the latest-type, low-gravity L dwarfs drive the elbow of the L/T transition up to 1 mag redder and 1 mag fainter than field dwarfs at MJ but are consistent with or brighter than the elbow at MW1 and MW2. We conclude that low-gravity dwarfs carry an extreme version of the cloud conditions of field objects to lower temperatures, which logically extends into the lowest-mass, directly imaged exoplanets. Furthermore, there is an indication on color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs; such as MJ versus (J–W2)) of increasingly redder sequences separated by gravity classification, although it is not consistent across all CMD combinations. Examining bolometric luminosities for planets and low-gravity objects, we confirm that (in general) young M dwarfs are overluminous while young L dwarfs are normal compared to the field. Using model extracted radii, this translates into normal to slightly warmer M dwarf temperatures compared to the field sequence and lower temperatures for L dwarfs with no obvious correlation with the assigned moving group.


Woolf is a counter-traditional modernist novelist. But at first she became more proficient in the literary world by her traditional novel writing. Her early works basically followed the traditional novel mode of the 19th century, in which there was the obvious transitional mark from realism to stream of consciousness. Although Woolf highly praises modernism, she has the profound understanding of its deficiency in the experimental stage.


1. The international scheme with headquarters at De Bilt, Netherlands, which supplies for each Greenwich day a magnetic character figure varying from 0·0 (very quiet) to 2·0 (very disturbed), has been in operation since January 1, 1906. The publication in 1926 of the results for 1925 brought up to 20 the number of complete years for which data are available. Of late, owing partly to a supposed connection between wireless and magnetic phenomena, the existence of a 27-day interval in magnetic disturbance has received increased attention. Further, Dr. Deslandres, of Meudon Observatory, has put forward the view that, in addition to the 27-day interval T, there are shorter intervals i T/6, where i is integral. Thus the time seemed to have arrived for carrying out a more exhaustive enquiry than was possible when the international character figures were first used to prove the existence of the 27-day interval. The length of the interval has been generally accepted as evidence that its ultimate cause is resident in the sun. In accordance with ideas prevalent since the time of the late Prof. Kr. Birkeland, it is supposed that magnetic disturbance is due to the discharge from the sun of some form of electricity carrier, and it is often assumed, following Birkeland, that sunspots are the areas where the discharge originates. During the 20 years 1906 to 1925, sunspot frequency and the mean annual solar latitude of spots have varied as shown in Table I. In our treatment of the subject, the 11 years 1906 to 1909, 1915 to 1920 and 1925 are regarded as years of many sunspots, the remaining 9 years as years of few sunspots.Again, 1906, 1907, 1913 to 1918, and 1923 to 1925 are regarded as years of high spot latitude, the remaining 9 years as years of low spot latitude. The reason for grouping the years was the large part played by "accident" in individual years.


The rapid economic development of Hong Kong has attracted the worldwide attention. With an area of no more than!092 square kilometers, it is a great wonder for Hongkong to develop from the originally small fishing village into the international economic and financial center within thirty years. Hong Kong, known as "Pearl of the Oriental " , has not only become the Chief of the "Four Dragons" , but also enjoyed a lot of top criteria in the world. This article focuses on the studies of the processes and the causes of Hong Kong' s economic development which can be of great interest to the mainland.


We apply the nonperturbative convergent close-coupling (CCC) and time-dependent close coupling (TDCC) formalisms to calculate fully differential energy and angular resolved cross sections of double photoionization (DPI) of lithium. The equal energy sharing case is considered in which dynamics of the DPI process can be adequately described by two symmetrized singlet and triplet amplitudes. The angular width of these amplitudes serves as a measure of the strength of the angular correlation between the two ejected electrons. This width is interpreted in terms of the spin of the photoelectron pair.


We study the problem of object retrieval in scenarios where visual sensing is absent, object shapes are unknown beforehand and objects can move freely, like grabbing objects out of a drawer. Successful solutions require localizing free objects, identifying specific object instances, and then grasping the identified objects, only using touch feedback. Unlike vision, where cameras can observe the entire scene, touch sensors are local and only observe parts of the scene that are in contact with the manipulator. Moreover, information gathering via touch sensors necessitates applying forces on the touched surface which may disturb the scene itself. Reasoning with touch, therefore, requires careful exploration and integration of information over time - a challenge we tackle. We present a system capable of using sparse tactile feedback from fingertip touch sensors on a dexterous hand to localize, identify and grasp novel objects without any visual feedback. Videos are available at https://sites.google.com/view/tactofind.


It was reported that the carbon supported Pt and phosphorictungstenic acid (PWA) (Pt-PWA/C) catalysts were prepared with mixing the carbon supported Pt (Pt/C) catalyst and PWA solution. It was found that because PWA covered on the Pt surface possesses the oxygen affinity and the ability for inhibiting the permeation of methanol the Pt-PWA/C catalyst can increase the electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and inhibit the electrooxidation of methanol comparing with the Pt/C catalyst. When the weight ratio of PWA and Pt/C in the PWA-Pt/C catalyst is 1, the composite catalyst showed the best performance. Comparing with the Pt/C catalyst, the reduction current of oxygen is increased by about 38% and the oxidation current of methanol is decreased by about 76% at the Pt-PWA/C electrode with the best weight ratio. Therefore, the Pt-PWA/C with the suitable weight ratio can be used as a cathodic catalyst in the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC).