Relates to a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus such as a vapor deposition apparatus, during the process (e.g., during vapor deposition) the amount of contamination, contamination evaluation method of a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus makes it possible to grasp the evaluation, for example, the vapor deposition apparatus to provide a pollution evaluation method. By manufactured evaluated semiconductor wafer by performing a predetermined process by using the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, and contamination evaluation evaluation target semiconductor wafer and the manufacturing to the sample semiconductor wafers, evaluate contamination in the semiconductor manufacturing device a method for the sample semiconductor wafers surface thereof, a silicon thermal oxide film, a silicon oxide film deposited by CVD, in any one of a coating from the group consisting of amorphous silicon film and a polysilicon film is selected It was so covered.


Abstract : On November 10, 2008, David Rohde, a New York Times reporter, was kidnapped by the Taliban. At the request of the Times, the press "embargoed" that information-they did not report on it in any fashion-for 7 months, until Rohde escaped. To justify their request, the Times made the case to their colleagues that any publicity would put their reporter's life in danger. This effort was so aggressive that Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia written and maintained by its readers, kept constant vigil over Rohde's page, and repeatedly deleted attempts to document the fact of his kidnapping, even though, according to the Times Public Editor, writing on July 5, 2009, the Taliban had already distributed propaganda tapes while Rohde and his associates were captives. This was not the first time that the press would withhold information about a kidnapping when the victim was a reporter. When Jill Carroll, a freelance reporter for the Christian Science Monitor, was abducted in Iraq, a press embargo held for 3 days until al Jazeera broke it (and, of course, once one major outlet reports the story, there is little reason for others to hold back). In Afghanistan, CBC reporter Mellissa Fung was held for a month by the Taliban, and that information was not reported during her captivity, either. This desire to keep press kidnappings quiet reflects a sad lesson learned from the case of Daniel Pearl, the Wall Street Journal reporter kidnapped and killed in Pakistan in 2002. The Journal, and Pearl's family, pushed hard to get his story "play," hoping it would humanize him to his captors, unfortunately to no avail.


This work extends the idea of the Green's relations R,L, I and the usual relation N of ordered groupoids to ordered Γ-groupoids in terms of fuzzy subsets, the concept of the Green's relations R,L, I and the usual relation N of ordered Γ-groupoids is introduced and investigated, which is an interesting for ordered Γ-groupoids and some interesting characterizations of the Green's relations R,L, I and the usual relation N of ordered Γ-groupoids are obtained. Also, we define relations RF ,LF , IF and N F of ordered Γ-groupoids in terms of fuzzy subsets and we prove that RF = R, LF = L, IF = I and N F = N in the same way as of the results of Kehayopulu and Tsingelis [8].


This article seeks to fi ll the gap between well theorized upon constants of the U.S. strategic thinking and the divergent approaches of various administrations to practical actions on the international arena. Grounded in the concept developed by Christopher Hammer, the analysis presents the U.S. foreign policy as the product of a never-ending internal debate about the most optimal ways of promoting values, dealing with international institutions and prioritizing threats within a security perimeter. Taking stock of the choices made by consecutive presidents in each of the three areas the authors study the roots of foreign policy inertia of the sole superpower that resulted in unforced mistakes undermining its own political cohesion as well as hindering the emergence of lasting international architecture to replace the cold-war order. Thus, the article argues that the key feature of the last thirty years – the absence of an enemy as an organizing principle for the U.S. foreign policy – prompted the American public to pay less attention to global events which became the area of opportunistic decisions. Overall, the authors conclude that the mistakes were made precisely when the domestic debates in the U.S. about international relations were absent and note that the current divisions in the American society as an impetus for self-scrutiny and the emergence of China as a focal point for the American elites may result in a more coherent foreign policy and make the U.S. a more responsible international actor.


Under the background of the booming industrial Internet, data acquisition and real-time calculation of industrial equipment have become the key issues of many industrial manufacturing enterprises. Therefore, this paper studies the design and implementation of web log analysis system. In this paper, a real-time industrial equipment big data acquisition and calculation system based on SparkStreaming, HBase and Hive is constructed. On the equipment big data acquisition technology, k-means algorithm in data mining technology is used to classify and integrate the data. Based on Spark framework, the parallel calculation of K-means algorithm is realized, which solves the problem of low efficiency of industrial big data analysis. Experiments show that the development of this system can effectively improve the efficiency of collecting and analyzing big data logs of industrial equipment, and further improve the timeliness and expansibility of transmission.


Abstract Particle migration in porous media is relevant to many applications in chemical and petroleum engineering. The hydrodynamic interactions between the suspension and grain particles affect the distribution and transport of particles during suspension flow through porous media. Continuum models based on Darcy's law are widely used to investigate the macroscopic properties of the system. However, these models are unable to capture the pore scale dynamics and microstructure. We have carried out particle migration studies during transport of suspension in heterogeneous porous media using the Stokesian dynamics simulations. The velocity and concentration distributions were first studied in a large scale constant porosity system, but with different concentration of particles in the two adjacent porous layers. It was found that particle migration across the interface is higher when the difference of concentration is large. Simulations were also carried out for constant areal concentration of particles, where the adjacent layers had different porosity. A high rate of migration near the interface was observed for the larger difference in porosity. It was observed that the hydrodynamic interactions are strongly affected by the increase in the number of grain particles of porous media in comparison to that of suspended particles.


This video demonstrates the results found in the research of a new topic in aerial manipulation. We attempt to successfully collide on the environment with the UAV without crashing. This can be useful to robustly establish contact with the environment in realistic outdoor scenarios, where precise knowledge on the position of the drone might not always available. In the video three different experiments are shown. In all of these experiments, the manipulator arm (in  this case a rotating rod) is in front of the drones center of mass. The first experiment shows the collision of the drone with the environment when the manipulator is rigidly connected to the drone. This causes a severe impact, which destabilizes the drone. It is simply too much energy for the drone to handle. In the second experiment the manipulator arm is connected to the drone via a spring-damper system  to reduce the severeness of the impact. This shows significant improvement, but the drone is unable to maintain contact and bounces. The key to success in this work was to add a mechanical one-direction stop on the manipulator. This stop allows the arm to be pressed in during impact, but prevents the arm from releasing the energy afterwards. The third experiment shows how this works and demonstrates a beautiful smooth impact to achieve contact.


A catalase-based microelectrochemical biosensor developed for real-time neurochemical monitoring of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was characterised in freely-moving rats. The in situ sensitivity of the sensor was assessed by the direct delivery of H2O2 to the local environment of the implanted sensor and by the chemical manipulation of the endogenous concentration of H2O2. Inhibitors of H2O2 enzymatic degradation were utilised including sodium azide (SA) and mercaptosuccinate (MCS). SA and MCS primarily inhibit catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) respectively and the application of each resulted in a significant increase in the H2O2 signal. The selectivity of the sensor was verified by the absence of a change in the signal in response to the peripheral administration of ascorbic acid (AA) compared to controls. Evidence of a disparity between brain H2O2 signalling in the freely-moving animal with respect to the anaesthetised subject was also observed. The enzymatic component of the paired H2O2 sensor was found to be stable over a continuous monitoring period of 12 days, thereby demonstrating the suitability of this sensor for the long-term chronic detection of brain H2O2.


The invention discloses a positioning method of a mobile communication equipment as well as a system for achieving the purposes of saving electric energy and prolonging operating time. The embodiments of the invention combine GPS positioning and SMS positioning information short messages, and send the acquired GPS positioning information by means of SMS positioning information short messages, thepositioning system enters a sleep state after the sending and is again started up after triggering certain conditions, thereby achieving the purposes of saving electric energy and prolonging operating time. The positioning method comprises: starting up a GPS module for acquiring the positioning information of the mobile communication equipment from a GPS system when positioning trigger conditionsare satisfied; generating SMS positioning information short messages containing the positioning information; sending the SMS positioning information short messages to the marked information of a preset positioning information receiving user through an SMS processing module; and setting the GPS module in a sleep state.


This article analyzes the present situation of the middle and small scale construction enterprise.The question is discovered which exists the process in the construction project as well as put forward the measure of solves the question.


Film Delivery Problem , a new problem of optimization grouping , is t he extension of t he Travel2 ing Salesman Problem( TSP) on which has been done research for over ten years. FDP is also a N P difficult problem ,and generally speaking , is harder to solve t han TSP. Making use of t he system of improving dot cod2 ing and punishment f unction , t he t hesis attempt s to limit t he intersection of t he same genes and to replace t he variation parameter in order to avoid t he interference of t he unfeasible solution. Through testing , it can be found t hat t he alternative system of t he standard genetic algorit hm and t he intersection and variation used by FDP cannot mix to get a solution. Based on t he numerous testing , it can be concluded t hat t he improvement of algorit hm prompt s t he f unction to run well in t he aspect of general ast ringent .


This paper shares the results of a research study with home visitors on the implementation of a statewide training in a type of reflective practice in the north-eastern United States. Home visitors (n = 112) participated in a training and follow up study of the Touchpoints Approach. All home visiting programs in Maine participated in this research, which used survey methods at multiple points in time. The primary research questions examined the effect of training in and application of the Touchpoints Approach on home visitor job satisfaction, competence, and knowledge change. Data were collected immediately after the training and after six months of reflective practice with Touchpoints. Increases in confidence levels and knowledge related to Touchpoints and reflective practice were found. High levels of job satisfaction were present prior to training, and no significant changes in job satisfaction were found. Home visitors increased their ability to critically evaluate their own practice, and qualitative responses revealed increased listening and communication skills. The findings support the continuation of the Touchpoints Approach with home visitors. This study provides insight into a practice approach with children and families that provides a foundation for systems change.


The photoelectric sensor is widely used in the detection field, and its two key parts are the light transmitting and the signal receiving. This paper has designed the pulse modulated light emitting diode constant current source drive circuit, photoelectric diode receiving signal amplifying & filtering circuit and noise eliminating circuit. The noise eliminating circuit has been combined electronic switch with a sampling holder in order to realize the detected light and noise signal being effectively separated by certain software control, and then we could use the differential amplifier to eliminate noise interference signal. Lastly, the experiments verify the effectiveness of this method, and the design combined with the further processing of the software will be greatly to improve the photoelectric sensor' accuracy in some detecting parameters. Introduction Photoelectric sensor is applied widely, and its structure is simple and flexible. Photoelectric detection method is widely used in the field of industrial automation because of its high precision, fast response, non-contact and reliable performance. In the present literatures, the detection principle and the system module design of the photoelectric sensor in different parameters are introduced, and the processing circuit design of the sensor technology is simplified. The literature [1-4] introduce all kinds of application of photoelectric sensor in several parameter detection, were not mentioned in the literature [5] signal processing method, introduces the circuit of a photoelectric sensor, but the literature for suppression of background light interference light did not mention. In this paper, the photodiode as the research object, to suppress the noise and eliminate the noise from background light modulation and amplifying and filtering circuit, light receiving circuit is discussed in detail, as the photoelectric sensor to provide design ideas in the application of signal processing to detect the parameters of the design based on the microprocessor, with further processing will be greatly improved the detection precision of the photoelectric sensor parameters. Design of Pulse Modulation Circuit The light emitting diode due to its simple structure, small volume and used as the preferred device of photoelectric sensor as a detection device, light source, light source must have stable light intensity, which requires light emitting diode should be connected to a constant current[6-9]. Fig. 1 is the driving circuit of light emitting diode, amplifier A1, VT1 regulator, power tube Q1, capacitance C1 and resistance R1 to R9 constant current source circuit. As shown in Fig. 1, setting the voltage regulator voltage at both ends of the Vref, and R2=R6=R, R3=R4, then we can get the Eq. 1-3.


. In this note, we study a specific optimization problem arising in the recently proposed coefficient grouping technique, which is used for the algebraic degree evaluation. Specifically, we show that there exists an efficient algorithm running in time O ( n ) to solve this basic optimization problem relevant to upper bound the algebraic degree. Moreover, the main technique in this efficient algorithm can also be used to further improve the performance of the off-the-shelf solvers to solve other optimization problems in the coefficient grouping technique. We expect that some results in this note can inspire more studies on the coefficient grouping technique.


There is an error in the first sentence and fourth paragraph of the Introduction. The following sentence is incorrect:

Optineurin (tineurin (TE.DATA the MAVS-TRAOptn), also called NRP (NEMO-related protein) or FIP-2 (adenovirus E3-14.7K-interacting protein) exhibits 53% of sequence similarities with NEMO [28, 29].

The correct sentence is:

Optineurin ("optic neuropathy inducing" or Optn), also called NRP (NEMO-related protein) or FIP-2 (adenovirus E3-14.7K-interacting protein) is closely related to NEMO with 53% of sequence similarity [28,29].


Persistent luminescence (PersL) materials containing deep traps have attracted great attention in the field of optical information storage. However, the lack of nanomaterials with satisfactory light storage ability has become one of the main obstacles to the practical applications. In this work, NaMgF3:Tb3+@NaMgF3:Tb3+ nanoparticles are reported which exhibit excellent light storage ability into deep traps upon X‐ray irradiation and controllable photon emissions under thermal stimulation. A surface passivation strategy by constructing a core–shell structure is adopted, which is proved valid to greatly enhance the PersL efficiency. To understand the possible mechanism on the light storage and thermally stimulated PersL in the NaMgF3:Tb3+@NaMgF3 nanoparticles, an energy level diagram is built and the electronic transition processes are clarified. According to the proposed mechanism, the Tb3+ ions possibly serve as both emitting centers and trap centers in the NaMgF3 host during the X‐ray irradiation. Due to the excellent dispersibility and stability in water, luminescent inks containing the nanoparticles are successfully prepared and the applications to inkjet printing optical information storage and information decryption are demonstrated. The developed NaMgF3:Tb3+@NaMgF3 PersL nanoparticles may inspire further research on lanthanide‐activated fluoride PersL nanoparticles and provide new opportunities to the next‐generation information storage and biomedical technologies.


The development of an IRCC (Integrated Real-time Closed-loop Controller) which performs the functions of Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) and Automatic Generation Control (AGC) as well as alleviates the system overloads is discussed. The objective of the IRCC is to adjust the system variables and Lagrange multipliers so as to satisfy the Kuhn-Tucker conditions of optimality, thereby steering the system to a new optimal operating state. The IRCC performs this task on a real-time basis using SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) measurements. The performance of the IRCC is tested under normal as well as contingency operation by simulating the long-term dynamics of a multi-area power system.


Objective To investigate the protection of recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO) on apoptosis of retinal nerve cells cultured in mixed condition with high concentration of glucose in vitro and the expression of Bcl-2.Methods The primary retinal cells of rat cultured for three days were randomized to high-concentration glucose(HCG) group,control group,and treatment groups with different concentrations of rhEPO.Different doses of rhEPO(5,10,20 and 40 kU/L) were addeded into the treatment groups and cultured for 48 h.MTT assay was used to estimate the vitality of the cells,and the expressions of Bcl-2 cells were detected by semi-quantitative immunocytochemistry.Results The cytoactive cultured in HCG was markedly lower than that in the control group(F=74.54,q=21.85,P0.01),but that after treatment with rhEPO was higher than that in HCG group(q=3.66-18.77;P0.05,0.01).The expression of Bcl-2 protein in HCG group was lower than that in the control(F=53.84,q=3.56,P0.05),but that after treatment with different concentrations of rhEPO was higher than that in HCG group(q=10.13-19.14,P0.01).Conclusion rhEPO can decrease the apoptosis of retinal nerve cells cultured in vitro under HCG environment,which is probably associated with up regulation of Bcl-2 expression.


To assess whether more channels are needed to understand speech in noise than in quiet, we processed speech in a manner similar to that of spectral peak–like cochlear implant processors and presented it at a dB signal-to-noise ratio to normal-hearing listeners for identification. The number of analysis filters varied from 8 to 16, and the number of maximum channel amplitudes selected in each cycle varied from 2 to 16. The results show that more channels are needed to understand speech in noise than in quiet, and that high levels of speech understanding can be achieved with 12 channels. Selecting more than 12 channel amplitudes out of 16 channels did not yield significant improvements in recognition performance.


Chapter 1. Cardiology Chapter 2. Dermatology Chapter 3. Endocrinology Chapter 4. Gastroenterology Chapter 5. Hematology Chapter 6. Oncology Chapter 7. Neurology Chapter 8. Nephrology Chapter 9. Rheumatology Chapter 10. Infectious Diseases Chapter 11. Immunology and Allergy Chapter 12. Pulmonology Chapter 13. Clinical Pharmacology Chapter 14. Comprehensive Practice Test Bibliography Index


Depression in children and in adolescents refers to an enduring mood change with associated changes in important aspects of daily functioning, such as attention, appetite, and sleep. Suicidal behavior is a symptom, not a diagnosis, linked to depression. While depression is a condition with multiple etiologic factors, most can be encompassed in an interactive model—depression occurs when a vulnerable child interacts with a stressful environment. The point prevalence of depression ranges from 1 to 3% in prepubertal children and from 3 to 9% in adolescents, indicating that advancing age is a risk factor in depression. Thus, any consideration of depression in children and adolescents must consider developmental factors. Children have a relative biologic vulnerability to depression, some more so than others, but this will not be reviewed here. This short report will focus on the relationship of emotional development to spiritual factors in the onset and maintenance of depression in children and adolescents. Unarguably, the primary emotional developmental need of young children is to be safely and securely attached, or bonded, to parent or to caregiver. This protects against depression and, when absent, is strongly associated with depression. Children who lack an attachment to a caregiver do not internalize a sense of self-efficacy and are prone to the development of the cognitive distortions so prominent in many instances of adult depression (eg, "I am not a person worthy of others' interest," or, in the vernacular of children, "No one loves me"). Interestingly, children who experience a constant availability of parents can be prone to depression as well. In such instances, children are not given the opportunity to learn from a specific challenge, as the overly available parent often removes the problem before the child has had a chance to address it himself. Adolescence is the period of development during which a child negotiates the transition from the dependence of childhood to the independence of young adulthood. Perturbations in this process are also associated with depression and associated symptoms. Families who restrict their adolescent's developing need for autonomy often encounter strong resistance. In the temperamentally-assertive youth, this can clinically present as anger and, indeed, as rage. In the more timid adolescent, depression can result in a sense of helplessness and of feeling trapped. On the other hand, parents who do not provide appropriate limits, structure, and supervision for their children can engender depression, hopelessness, and a feeling of alienation from others. Adolescents can become suicidal when their hopelessness seems without end and their problems seem without solution. Emotional development in children and adolescents must consider the influence of the family. Whether it is the child's need for trust and attachment or the adolescent's need for independence, the family regulates this process. The family's spiritual perspective, or worldview, has only recently begun to receive significant attention in psychiatry, although it is certainly an important component which should be considered in any family assessment. A healthy family environment with a high degree of marital commitment is instrumental in providing mental health benefits for children and adolescents. Research findings have supported a positive association between spirituality/religiosity and such supportive family environments. Spirituality also models forgiveness for transgressions, a component in healing, increasingly recognized in secular settings. In the right balance, families with a spiritual orientation are often available to their children because they believe God is available to them. Their spiritual resources and those of a spiritual community are an antidote to depression. In adolescence, spiritual families set clear limits on behavior, especially developing sexual impulses. These limits are freeing in that they protect adolescents from early sexual activity, increasingly seen as a major risk factor in adolescent depression. Yet these familial factors—availability in childhood and structure and limits in adolescence—can become contributors to psychopathology if taken to the extreme. Spiritual perspectives often can fuel overavailability or overprotectiveness. From the Bingham Child Guidance Center and the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY.


This graduation project has the goal to design a series of courtyards and well-functioning culture center in the historic city block of Antwerp.


The binding of popular food supplement and a well-known anti-oxidant,
 dihydro-alpha-lipoic acid (DHLA) to human serum albumin (HSA) was
 characterised. The binding was monitored by several spectroscopic methods
 together with molecular docking approach. HSA was able to bind DHLA with
 moderate affinity, 1.00?0.05?104 M-1. Spectroscopic data demonstrated that
 the preferential binding site for DHLA on HSA is IIA (Sudlow I). Both
 experimental and molecular docking analysis identified electrostatic (salt
 bridges) and hydrogen bonds as the key interactions involved in DHLA binding
 to HSA. Molecular docking confirmed that Sudlow I site could accommodate
 DHLA and ligand is bound to the protein in a specific conformation. The
 molecular dynamic simulation showed that the formed complex is stable.
 Binding of DHLA does not affect the structure of protein, but it thermally
 stabilises HSA. Bound DHLA had no effect on the susceptibility of HSA to
 trypsin digestion. Since DHLA is a commonly used food supplement, the
 knowledge of its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic properties in an
 organism is very important. This study further expands it by providing a
 detailed analysis of its interaction with HSA, the primary drug transporter
 in the circulation.


should be generally favourable it should grow steadily. It will not meet with a favourable reception everywhere and may even grow up to be delinquent and counter-productive if adequate care is not taken. At the present, the editors of this Bulletin have kept up a sensible mix of articles raising quantitative methodological issues (Bernard Cohn, ' Notes for a discussion on the uses and abuses of quantification in the study of modern Indian social history', in the first number), articles introducing the use of computers for the historian (article by K. N. Chaudhuri in the first number and a description of computer packages in the second number, 1974), articles describing the fruits of quantitative research (the article by Miss Vicziany on the demand for Indian cotton in the second number), as well as articles cautioning us about the quality of data. From the point of view of the historian, there are articles on social history, economic history, business history, and political history. The coverage is thus fairly broad. The expression ' quantitative methods ' can describe a whole host of things some of which are fairly non-controversial. Thus in recording and storing data it should be obvious that a computer has the advantage over an individual. The gain here is in the scale of operation, since the computer can do the work of many recording clerks, and in efficiency since one can minimize human errors of transcribing, copying, loss of data sheets, etc. Given that the data are there (and the well-trained historian still needs his knowledge of history to judge their quality), it seems also sensible that if you want to add, subtract, multiply, and divide, a slide rule is overtaken by a desk calculator which in turn can be overtaken by a computer. There are pitfalls here. If the data are not ohecked for quality before storage and if oare is not taken to check their consistency, lack of punching errors, etc., results are bound to be dubious. To a large extent the computer minimizes the dull, unimaginative work, but at the same time leaves the historian to display intelligence and imagination on his own. No more is there any glory in copying out records accurately and having them printed and preserved. Simple arithmetic should no longer take up the historian's valuable time. But that also requires that future quantitative work should reflect a higher quality of imagination and intelligence as a fruit of the time saved by the use of computers.


Aims We examined the characteristics, outcomes, and effects of hirudin vs heparin treatment of diabetic patients across the spectrum of acute coronary syndromes.

Methods and Results We studied the 12142 patients enrolled in the randomized GUSTO-IIb study. Diabetic patients (n=2175) were older, more often female, more often had prior cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia, and less often were current smokers. Diabetic patients had a higher overall incidence of death or (re)infarction at 30 days (13·1% vs 8·5%, P =0·0001), whether they presented with ST-segment elevation (13·9% vs 9·9%, P =0·0017) or not (12·8% vs 7·8%, P =0·0001), and at 6 months (18·8% vs 11·4%, P =0·0001). Among diabetic patients, hirudin was associated with a tendency toward a lower risk of death or (re)infarction at 30 days (12·2% vs 13·9% with heparin) and 6 months (17·8% vs 20·2%). Diabetic patients had more major bleeding, stroke, heart failure, shock, atrioventricular block, and atrial arrhythmias, but no increased risk for ocular bleeding.

Conclusions Diabetic patients with acute coronary syndromes had worse 30-day and 6-month outcomes, particularly those without ST-segment elevation. The statistically non-significant trend toward improved outcomes with hirudin was similar among patients with and without diabetes, with a greater point estimate for the absolute difference in patients with diabetes.


The invention relates to a converter assembly for converting a primary light into secondary light comprising at least one body having a lichtkonvertierende structure with open pores and is held laterally by a frame, wherein the surfaces of both the light-converting structure and the inner sides of the frame with a transparent layer are covered, such that each of said body forms an area in which a property of the incident light, and preferably the wavelength is changed. In specific embodiments, the converter arrangement can be for example, part of display arrangements or of miniaturized components. The invention also provides a process for producing the converter assembly.


We demonstrate a three-terminal waveguide avalanche photodiode detector (3TAPD) with −6V breakdown voltage, 18.6GHz 3dB bandwidth. Design, simulation of the device is discussed.


Abstract This paper will describe quality skills training that P.T. Caltex Pacific Indonesia (CPI) initiated in 1993 within the Petroleum Engineering (PE) Department and other related disciplines. The role of training in implementing total quality improvement will be discussed, as will other aspects of CPI's quality improvement efforts.


Recent work on Asser's Vita Alfredi has pursued two separate but complementary directions. While one set of scholars has returned to the question of authenticity, asking whether the work is a genuine ninth-century text or a forgery, the other has focused on the problem of audience. (1) Because it is written in Latin, the Vita Alfredi stands out from other Alfredian texts like the Old English Bede and Old English Orosius, histories that, together with the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, suggest the importance of vernacular historical writing at Alfred's court. Nonetheless, the evidence overwhelmingly indicates that Asser's text is genuinely from the ninth century. (2) With regard to the question of audience, most scholars agree that Asser's life of Alfred was probably not intended to circulate at court, and many offer Asser's associates in Wales as likely readers. (3) That these questions have dominated Asser scholarship points to one of the central difficulties of reading the Vita Alfredi. Asser's combination of annals from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle with scenes from Alfred's life is an appealing story, but the ways in which the text diverges from Carolingian models of history and royal biography--models upon which we know Asser drew--have made it difficult for scholars to appreciate the cultural importance of the Vita Alfredi. (4) I begin with the Alfred annals of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Asser's treatment of the annalist's lordship ideology is crucial to understanding what I see as the significance of his text. Blending Carolingian and Anglo-Saxon theories of ideal leadership, the Vita Alfredi interprets, supplements, and then authorizes the discourse of collective identity articulated in the Chronicle. In the Chronicle annals for 871-891, the king's defense of his realm and creation of a unified kingdom are presented as an issue of his lordship relations. Though Alfred wins and defends his kingdom on the battlefield, the annalist exploits the doubled language and rituals of lordship and peace-making to suggest that the king wins his kingdom with his performance of lordship. Thus in the foundation narrative for Alfred's realm, images of the king's lordship are so powerful that nation of origin seems not to matter. (5) Be they Dane or Anglo-Saxon, the noble men who unite themselves under Alfred become members of what the Alfred annalist calls the Angelcynn. (6) By the end of these annals, Alfred's lordship is both a defining ethos for the king's people and an expression of their cultural and political identity. (7) In that Asser retains the annalist's particular formulation of Alfred's royal power, I suggest that he accepts the cultural function performed by the Alfred annals. In that he translates the annalist's work into Latin and into the form and ideology of ninth-century Carolingian historical biography, borrowing explicitly from well-known examples of Carolingian mirrors for princes, I suggest that Asser uses his Vita Alfredi to proclaim to the Latinate Christian world the Alfred annalist's articulation of royal power. (8) Asser's careful translation and supplementation of the Alfred annals legitimizes the annalist's work by distinguishing it from and then reintegrating it into Carolingian traditions of kingship theory. Thus performing a linguistic and cultural translation of the Alfred annalist's text, Asser shifts the reader's focus from the king's defense of his kingdom to the political and cultural life of the court and the personal life of the king. Though the Danish invaders continue to assault the land, the emphasis on Alfred's childhood, struggle for literacy, and domestic life suggests first that Asser's interests extend beyond Alfred's fight for military security and second that it is not enough to read the Vita Alfredi as a translation of the Chronicle. To explain Asser's interpretation of the annals, the Vita Alfredi is most frequently compared to Einhard's Life of Charlemagne. But as James Campbell has pointed out, Asser's text in its combination of annals and biography also stands alongside the lives of Louis the Pious by Thegan and the "Astronomer" (anonymous); it can even be compared to Notker of St. …


Pointing and tracking applications usually require relative gimbal angles to be measured for reporting and controlling the line-of-sight angular position. Depending on the application, angular resolution and/or accuracy might jointly or independently determine the angle transducer requirements. In the past decade, encoders have been increasingly taking the place of inductive devices where the measurement of angles over a wide range is required. This is primarily due to the fact that encoders are now achieving very high resolution in smaller sizes than was previously possible. These advances in resolution are primarily due to improved encoder disk and detector technology along with developments in interpolation techniques. Measurement accuracy, on the other hand, is primarily determined by mounting and bearing eccentricity as it is with all angular measurement devices. For very demanding accuracy requirements, some type of calibration of the assembled system may be the only solution, in which case transducer repeatability is paramount. This paper describes a unique encoder-to-digital tracking converter concept for improving interpolation of optical encoders. The new method relies on Fraunhofer diffraction models to correct the non-ideal sin/cos outputs of the encoder detectors. Diffraction model concepts are used in the interpolation filters to predict the phase of non-ideal sin and cosine encoder outputs. The new method also minimizes many of the open loop pre-processing requirements and assumptions that limit interpolation accuracy and rate loop noise performance in ratiometric tracking converter designs.


Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium well known for its ability to acquire genes for resistance to antimicrobial drugs. A few years after the discovery of penicillin, which initiated the era of antibiotics, resistance to this drug had already been reported in hospitals and in a few decades also became a problem within the communities. Likewise, shortly after the introduction of methicillin as a therapeutic option, the resistance was observed. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics is an important factor contributing to the emergence of new resistant strains. This pathogen has the ability to spread rapidly and asymptomatically among healthy individuals. Infections caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have reached a global share and are increasing in hospitals and community, including countries that previously had a low prevalence of MRSA history, exposing a significant diversity of clones identified. Outbreaks of infections caused by strains of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) have been reported worldwide, including Brazil, where there is currently an epidemic of CA-MRSA. The present article intends to review the molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its evolution, with a focus on the clones distributed in Brazil.


Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the intensit y of the pain experienced during vascular needle insertion and fistula care in hemodialysis patients . Methods. This descriptive study, 102 individuals who a fistu la on hemodialysis treatment and agreed to participate were included. Data were collected with a questionnaire of 15 questions developed by the r es archer after reviewing the literature and the visual pain scale. Descriptive statistics, student t test, mann -whitney u, oneway anova were used for data analysis. Results. It was found out that mean age of the participant i ndividuals 50.6±14.7, mean duration of hemodialysis was 5.8±4.1 years and mean duration of fistula 38. 4±25.6 months. We found that 70.6% of the patients wa hed the fistula area with water and soap, 88.2% checked th thrill sound daily Indıvıduals were found to e xp rience of the moderate (4.8±2.6) level pain following need l insertion into a fistula. Age, sex, education, d uration of hemodialysis and fistula has been found to be a no statistically significant relationship between the pain experienced of individuals (p>0.05). Subjects who s lept on the extremity had a higher pain value than those that did not and the difference was statistically signif icant (p<0.05). Conclusion. It was determined that hemodialysis patients experi enced pain following needle insertion into a fistula. Based on these results, hemodialysis nurse s must offer education, care and support for patien ts who moderate pain during arteriovenous fistula needle i ns rtion to assist them in making a successful cope with pain.


Recognition that it is both possible and important to teach secondary school students about bioethics issues and theory has grown slowly within the field of bioethics. In the late 1970s and 1980s, a few first-generation pioneers recognized the teaching and learning opportunities inherent in bioethics and obtained pilot grants to educate high school teachers about bioethics issues. In the 1990s and 2000s, second-generation efforts explored the possibilities of bioethics in secondary schools using a range of approaches, models, and funding sources. A third generation of programs that are now emerging benefits from more stable funding and offers materials that may be accessed by teachers across a country or around the world; a number of these programs are endorsed by national entities. An historical overview of these efforts to teach bioethics in high schools highlights some essential steps that must be taken to meet the challenge of teaching bioethics in pre-college settings.


The aim of the present Study was to evaluate the effects of homeopathic medication containing two nosodes, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus dysgalactiae in the treatment of subclinical mastitis.Three hundreds dairy cows were selected during the lactation period from one herd with a high somatic cell count (400000 ≤SCC≤1000000 cells/ml) with no signs of clinical mastitis. California mastitis tests (CMT), somatic cell count (SCC) and bacteriological culture (BC) were performed on each sample. All of the cows were assigned in a blind, randomized study, divided into two groups, treatment homeopathic nosodes group (160 cows) and placebo control group (140 cows), with a 5 ml daily amount for a period of 5 days. After treatment initiation, milk samples were taken from each group to determine the SCC and conduct a bacteriological culture. Data from the study was used to compare the two groups of cows on day 0, day 21 and day 28. After treatment, the SCC was significantly lower in the treated group compared with the control group on day 21 and 28, and a significant difference was seen between the BC results in the two groups. The results of the present study showed that the use of a homeopathic nosode for sub-clinical mastitis during the lactation period had a significant effect on treatment and the decreasing incidence of this disease. On the other hand, as there are no residues in the milk, and due to the lower costs involved, it is more economical.


A man's bone marrow, an organ the size of the liver, produces each hour 1010 red cells (give or take a bit), and half that number of granulocytes and platelets. At that, 50 per cent of the marrow is fatty tissue. But with an appropriate stress it all becomes as cellular again as it is in childhood, and its output can increase to many times the normal. By measuring its product, analyzing aspirated samples and studying stained sections, we have learned much, and yet we remain puzzled by some obvious characteristics of the marrow. Why is it always in a . . .


The GPS technology has been widely applied in the dynamic monitoring for large bridges or other engineerings with its advantages of all-weather,high precision,high frequency and real-time.But the mintoring data would inevitably include the gross error and noise because of all kinds of factors,and the processing and analysis of the data would be effected by the abnormal values and noise.In order to eliminate or weaken the influence of the gross error and noise on analysis results,relying on the GPS monitoring data of Sutong Bridge's pylon,the wavelet analysis and 3σ criterion are introduced to detect the gross error,and the detected results are analyzed and compared.In view of the advantages and disadvantages of both methods,the wavelet transform denoising analysis method with 3σ criterion is applied in gross error detection and trend extraction,then its validity is verified by measured data.At last,the dynamic monitoring data of the pylon is analyzed in time domain,and some valuable conclusions are acquired.


SUMMARY Nine rice genotypes were classed as tolerant, moderately tolerant, susceptible and highly susceptible, depending on their growth retardation and the intensity of lime-induced iron chlorosis. All except genotypes IET 7972 and IET 7973 showed varying degreees of chlorosis and corresponding decreases in shoot dry matter production. Chlorosis was negatively correlated with the orthophenanthroline reactive Fe2+ iron content of the leaves, the concentration of which accounted for 82% of the variability in chlorosis. However, total iron concentration in the leaves and the Fe/Mn, Fe/Cu and K/Fe ratios were not significantly correlated with dry matter accumulation in the plants.


The application of the split window variance ratio (SWVR) technique for estimating precipitable water values to AVHRR data in order to study regional and mesoscale moisture variability over land is examined. The formulation of the SWVR technique is based on the strong correlation between precipitable water and the split window channel transmittance ratio. The square of the transmittance ratio is estimated from the observed brightness temperature scene variations. The application of the SWVR technique to AVHRR data for the retrieval of total precipitable water involves calculating the split wind channel image variances and then relating the variance ratio to precipitable water. Preliminary results of the application of the SWVR technique to several passes of AVHRR imagery indicate that precipitable water values consistent with ground truth and other remote sensing measurements can be derived from AVHRR data.


As the population density increases in their areas, many of the heavy and light rail properties are adding to their existing route structure. This places a strain on the control center as this facility and its staff must provide continuing quality service, accommodate the testing required for the extension(s), and smoothly integrate the new facilities and operation into the existing system. Before the extension(s) arrives, three areas in the control center must be addressed to successfully integrate the extension into the system. The graphical display must be modified, the controllers station have to be revised/expanded and the computer systems modified. The graphical display has to be modified not only to include the new section, but also in a logical fashion with the same graphics. The display needs to communicate the same information for all sections of the system in the same format. The controllers positions needs to be revised to include the new extension(s) and any new functionality. Human factors considerations must be checked, including the coverage for busy and calm periods. The computer systems are updated to reflect not only changes in the physical plant, but also new technology, functionality and operating procedures. The first major interface for the control center with the extension(s) is the testing phase. This should start small and grow as more items and plant are added in order to be able to efficiently troubleshoot problems. The testing should be in the control center to test all of the new facilities, but it should have its own staff so that conflicting priorities can be addressed. Successful completion of testing brings certification and turnover to operations. At Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) this occurs seven weeks before opening, and this final period is used for training, schedule simulation, drills and burn in. This period allows failure to occur and bugs to be worked out without practicing on the passengers, and the training allows the staff to feel comfortable with the facility and its operations, before the rigid time frames of revenue services.


Very few books on international relations have been able to simplify historical facts in an integrated fashion. With this novel Antonio Maria Costa introduces an innovative narrative, one that blends historical facts and personal experiences, reality and illusion, past and present. Writing skillfully, with the knowledge of a professional economist, Costa analyzes current worldwide events in a creative manner: economic, political and social problems are examined in the light of historical evidence in different parts of the world (Europe, the US, China, Russia and the Middle East), over different time frames.


A 39-year-old man presented to us with complaints of suddenonset, painless, right-side drooping of eyelid without loss of vision of 5 days in duration. He was a diagnosed case of Takayasu arteritis (TA) type V (left subclavian, left renal, and aorta) in 2017 and was on prednisolone 5 mg/d and oral methotrexate 10 mg every week. At the time of presentation, he had no history of fever, headache, vomiting, jaw claudication, giddiness, limb claudication, carotidynia, or abdominal pain. There was no temporal tenderness, skin rash, muscle weakness, or any other signs of vasculitis or other connective tissue diseases. He was hypertensive on metoprolol 50 mg/d. He did not have a history of tuberculosis or diabetes mellitus. On examination, there was complete right ptosis, fixed dilated pupil, and restriction in adduction, upward, and downward movement suggestive of third cranial nerve palsy (Figure A). His visual acuity was normal in both eyes. Other cranial nerves examination including fundoscopy examination was normal. Other central nervous system examination was unremarkable. There was no proptosis or ocular tenderness. There was absent left brachial and radial artery pulse; all other peripheral pulses were felt. There was no bruit. There were no other systemic examination findings. Investigations revealed raised C-reactive protein (CRP; 23.78 mg/L) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (52 mm in the first hour). Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with magnetic resonance angiography revealed T2 central hyperintensity involving bilateral optic nerve, with the right side more than the left one. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and antinuclear antibody (indirect immunofluorescence), hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV were negative. In view of sudden-onset third cranial nerve palsy along with raised inflammatory markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP), active vasculitis was suspected and initiated on 1 mg/kg prednisolone (60 mg/d) with mycophenolate (2 g/d) as steroid-sparing agent. On follow-up after 2 weeks, the ptosis and eyeball movements recovered completely (Figure B), and CRP decreased to 4.6 mg/L.


The main problem of learning literature in school and college is the lack of experience and weakness of students' ability in literature. The experience and abilities in the literature include experience of appreciation and expression, both oral and written. Meanwhile, theoretically and the demands of the curriculum, appreciation experience and students' ability in expression are the main goals of literary learning. This is a fundamental problem of literary learning, the gap between the expected with the reality that occurred. One of the skills of literary expression is theatre activities, in which the activities are required to appreciate the high story played. Therefore it is necessary to design the learning process of creative in the theatre world from start creation and appreciation of the script to the show. This research will parse the full picture of the model of literary activities in the world of theatre in the sixth semester students who contracted theatre courses in the Department of Language Education and Indonesian Literature at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Untirta through the development method. The output in this research is the product of creative process of theatre in the form of students' work in theatre and long term goal is expected to create qualified human resources in the future.


Field experiment data for determination of Pivot and Pulsar herbicides applying efficiency by different ways of cultivation in the Middle Volga Region Steppe conditions were shown. It was established that the choice of basic tillage method has significant influence for the efficiency of herbicides. The combination of deep subsurface primary tillage and crop spraying herbicides is the most effective in destroying weeds and to obtain a high yield of soybean.


S. Larochelle, 1,* A. Mehta,2 L. Lu,3 P. K. Mang, 3 O. P. Vajk,1,† N. Kaneko, 2,‡ J. W. Lynn,4 L. Zhou,2,§ and M. Greven2,3 1Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA 2Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, California 94309, USA 3Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA 4NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA sReceived 18 May 2004; published 31 January 2005 d


Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is a new communication paradigm that enables the communication process between these vehicles which acts as nodes in the network. Various methods of data dissemination in VANET are used to inform the vehicles about the dynamic road traffic conditions for achieving safe and efficient transportation. Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) is a reactive routing protocol designed for the adhoc networks. AODV is an unicast routing protocol which establishes a route only when a node wants to send data packets. AODV involves route discovery and route maintenance process. Due to large delay in the route discovery process and due to route failure which may require a new route discovery process, the data transmission rate decreases and network overhead increases. In this paper we have discussed AODV protocol and its comparison with OLSR and DSR routing protocol.


The purpose of this clinical study is to check whether there is a connection between the appearance as well as the gravity degree of a lung failure and the polymorphism 894 G/ T of the endothelialen NO-synthase. With the present polymorphism it concerns an exchange of the bases guanine to thymine what leads to again an amino acid exchange of glutamate to Aspartat. This amino acid exchange causes a decreased enzyme activity and with it also a decreased NO-concentration in the area of the venous and arterial vessels. Up to now it could be proved with decreased NO-concentrations the physiological effects of the NO as for example the vascular protection as well as the inhibition of the occurance of thrombosis are diminished and it is more likely to suffer from cardiovascular but also from lung illnesses. In this study 500 patients were examined who had to undergo an operation with connection with the HLM or, however, a long time artificial respiration had taken place. The different genotypes have been identified by a PCR. Three groups of homozygous carriers of the G- allele, heterozygous carriers of GT and again homozygous carriers of the T- allele came out. As a significance level a p-value from <0.05 was fixed. In the whole show of the results it can be seen that there is no direct connection between the polymorphism and the appearance of a lung failure. In all three genotype groups lung failure appears, however, the significance level is not reached. Concerning the mortality there is a significance between the three different groups. In the group homozygous group of t- allele carriers a clearly raised mortality of 30% is to be registered after elective carried out interventions. But there is to mark that the group enclosed homozygous carriers of the T- allele is very small. All together no direct connection can be ascertained. The study is defeated by some restrictions. Not certainly an influence of a neighbouring polymorphism on the results is to be excluded. Besides, the distribution of the genotypes is not def eated by the HWG.


Lazy learning is a memory-based learning technique that defers processing of the dataset until it receives request for prediction. The idea is to store all observations from a process in a database and then to estimate a local model by selecting portions of data that belong to a small neighborhood around the current operating point. The bottleneck of lazy learning is management of large datasets and searching for the relevant neighbors. This paper aims to this question and the k-means cluster algorithm is cast into lazy learning framework. Using this strategy, the nearest neighbors searching process can be turned into hierarchical searching process with two levels and a lot of searching time for lazy learning can be saved. Another contribution of this paper is that a new similar criterion between two examples is advanced. Using this criterion, the k-vector nearest neighbors (k-VNN) technique is used to find the region surrounding the query point and the updating database strategy can be obtained without need any further computation. Furthermore, this updating strategy can save a lot of memory space and decrease the neighbors searching process. The advantages of those methodologies are demonstrated on nonlinear function prediction.


Engine oil deterioration level affects working and performance of internal combustion engine. Hence, it is necessary to compare the deterioration level of engine oils, with focus on kinematic viscosity, oxidation, nitration etc. which are important oil testing parameters. If without quantifying the remaining useful life of the engine oil, it is changed too early, results in insu�cient use of already depleting resources and also unwanted impact on environment while disposing. Changing the engine oil too late with deteriorated quality, will hamper the performance of engine. To determine optimum point for changing engine oil, in present study oil testing is carried out for vehicle which is due for servicing. The oil samples collected randomly from vehicles which came to an authorized service station for servicing covering a large range from the �rst servicing to the �fth servicing were tested. Oil samples were �rst tested by a viscometer and FTIR spectroscopy in a laboratory as per standard. The samples were then tested on a setup of sensors designed and developed by the authors. The results provided a fairly strong positive relationship between important engine oil deterioration parameters such as kinematic viscosity, oxidation and nitration with the determination coe�cient R 2 = 0.97.Out of total collected samples about 8% samples were within usable limit. The study uncovers different oil deterioration sensor methods which provide low cost, on-site handy solutions for oil condition monitoring and the forecasting of the remaining useful life of the engine oil.


Electric vehicle (EV) technology has the potential to help reduce CO2 emissions and harmful air pollution in urban areas. However, the current performance of the battery technology and plug-in charging infrastructure limit the extent to which the EV technology can be introduced and transport applications in which it can be utilised. Wireless power transfer technology could be used to develop a network of charging points and road sections capable of supplying power wirelessly to EVs that allow opportunistic charging of EVs to overcome the issues of limited range and long charging times. This article describes the principles behind the technology and discusses its possible applications in transport, opportunities that it may provide, and current issues and challenges to adoption. Case studies and examples of activities around the world where this technology is being developed, trialled or implemented are provided to support the discussion.


of Thesis Investigating Accuracy of the Reconfigurable Optical Computer (ROC) in Metatronics for Solving Partial Differential Equations Nanoscale area metatronic analog circuitry utilizes relative permittivity between material interfaces to confine and direct electric displacement field and electric displacement current density operating at f = 193 THz. This is interesting because we have shown that we can map an analog finite difference algorithm into metatronics, while avoiding the partial differential equation (PDE) decreasing accuracy at increasing node density issue encountered by microscale area photonic analog circuitry also operating at f = 193 THz The microscale area electronic analog circuitry, operating at f ≈ 300 GHz, and the nanoscale area metatronic circuitry both exhibit partial differential equation (PDE) solution increasing accuracy at increasing node density, in the same fashion to a software driven digital hardware based finite difference algorithm PDE solution approaching the accuracy of analytically derived pde solution through increased node density. With the proper allocation of hardware source and sample location for the metatronic and electronic circuitry we have shown that both analog hardwares can operate in constant time 0(1), and thus merit integration into larger software based parallel multi grid methods. However, the larger metatronic operating frequency increases its Shannon–Hartley theorem limited repetition rate (clock speed) into the Terahertz, while the smaller electronic operating frequency relegates its Shannon–Hartley theorem limited repetition rate (clock speed) to the Gigahertz. Through the use of resistors, capacitors, and inductors the electronic circuit can be reconfigured to solve Laplace, Poisson, diffusion, and wave partial differential equations. In principal the metatronic circuit can bias its epsilon near zero material to induce changes in its relative permittivity inducing metatronic capacitance and inductance. Although this has not been shown in simulation at this point. Metatronic resistance occurs when the imaginary components of the epsilon near zeros material is not equal to zero.


We describe a method that enables specific and efficient conjugation of hydrazide-moieties to an IgG targeting the tumor neovasculature. The resulting chemically defined, homogeneous hydrazone-linked IgG conjugates remain immunoreactive and have a half-life of approximately 18 hours at physiological pH and temperature suitable for localized delivery of toxic drugs.


Based on a survey of the original language data, this article investigates the use of compound directional complements. With reference to the present situation of teaching compound directional complements, this paper puts forward three suggestions for improving our teaching.


President Jiang Zemin pointed out the aim of"all-round well-off society"in the report of the 16th Representative Conference of the CPC.One of the aims is to improve the thoughts and morals' quality of the whole nation.Universities are the cradle of bringing up the constructors and successors of the socialist construction.As the educator of the university,how to carry out the work of the moral education has become the important issue.


The theories of reproduction which were closely followed in the field of sociology of education throughout the early decades are still relevant today. I consider the contributions of Bourdieu and Bernstein to be the most important and worthwhile for analysis and application in our educational system and our present day education. While the French theories focus more on the structure of reproduction and its varied forms, the British theories are more concerned with the process of transmission, in other words the process by which power relations become relationships of communication.


The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine composition for pain relief and detumescence after fracture. The traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises the following traditional Chinese medicine raw materials in parts by weight: zedoary, pepper, asarum, eupolyphaga sinensis, safflower, Los powder, cinnamon twig, cloves, myrrh, white muscardine silkworm, rhizoma typhonii, liquorice, nutmeg, lycopus lucidus, Sichuan angelica and achyranthes. The traditional Chinese medicine composition disclosed by the invention has the benefits that the traditional Chinese medicine composition is people-oriented, is nonhazardous, is obvious in treatment effect and has the efficacies of invigorating spleen and kidney, warming Yang Qi, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis and inducing diuresis to disperse swell; after being taken, the traditional Chinese medicine composition directly reaches lesions, so that the human body's immunity can be effectively adjusted, the tumidness and the pain at affected parts are improved, both Qi-stagnation and blood stasis are eliminated, smooth meridians are kept, the heart and abdomen coordination is realized, and the purposes of balancing yin and yang, eliminating symptoms and adjusting the patient's whole body function are finally achieved.


Path following algorithms employ information from phase residues or data quality, typically in a independent mode for the difference between the distribution discreteness of residues and the distribution continuity of data quality values. Residues are taken as sources for interface propagation, and the quality of phase data weigh against the propagation velocity; then a combined application of residues and data quality would result in better effects in unwrapping. In this paper, the novel priority map-guided phase unwrapping method based on interface propagation is proposed, and the proposed priority measure is a combination of the distance from residues and data quality. Such a design based on interface propagation provides a more reliable scheme than classic path following algorithms.


In the previous paper (O. Kitao and T. Ogawa, Mol. Phys., 101, 3-17 (2003).), we have proposed the consistent charge equilibration (CQEq) method. The CQEq energy term was combined with the universal force field (UFF) to develop the CQEq with UFF (CUFF). In this article, to confirm the accuracy of the CUFF, geometry optimizations by the CUFF were performed for a series of amino acid molecules. The CUFF can well reproduce the HF/6-31G** geometries aside from some flexible dihedral angles. The partial charges obtained by the CQEq deviate somewhat from those by the restrained electrostatic potential fit; this result suggested us a way to improve the CQEq and the CUFF.


Left atrial compression by adjacent structures or digestive organs can be a clinically significant cause of hemodynamic compromise. Although echocardiography enables the clinicians to make a differential diagnosis successfully in most cases, computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging can provide valuable and complementary information to make the diagnosis clear. We present a case of non-aneurysmatic segment of descending aorta compressing the left atrium that could cause atrial fibrillation, hemodynamic compromise and pulmonary congestion.


Traditional neural networks (NNs) have been widely used in prediction intervals (PIs) construction method, with many improved models have been proposed. However, there are not satisfactory prediction results when dealing with some complex prediction problems which have many relative influence factors of the target value and high noise because of the complexity. To get prediction value effectively, a novel method proposed for the construction of PIs with deep belief networks (DBNs) and bootstrap. We apply the DBNs with many hidden layers to predict data. In addition, a cost function based on PIs is introduced into the prediction model which based on DBN to get a better network. Bootstrap technique is used to simplify the process of construction of PIs and improve the ability of anti-interference. Finally, we make experiments in five synthetic and real cases to point the performance of the proposed method. The results show the effectiveness of our method in improving the quality of PIs, especially for some complex problems.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) in treating HIV,and observe the resistance of HAART in AIDS patients.Methods Twenty-three HIV patients receiving free HAART for one to three years were investigated.The plasma viral load,drug resistance to HIV-1,CD4+ T cell count were tested and routine laboratory examinations were performed in our study.Results After one to fhnee-year HAART treatment,HIV viral load of six patients(26.1%) declined to the undetectable level,while the viral load of 17 patients(73.9%) kept at a high level.Resistance to HIV-1 occurred in five cases(21.7%).Only nine patients(39.1%) had good treatment compliance.Conclusion HAART has a poor therapeutic effect on patients with HIV/AIDS with a high rate of drug resistance and poor treatment compliance.


Recent years have seen a proliferation of identities long stigmatized and silenced by the universalist paradigm of the Enlightenment. Its manifestations in Africa include a new wave of cultural nationalism, designated by its advocates both on the African continent and the American diaspora as "Afrocentrism" rather than "Negritude". Another group of intellectuals, in the light of the consequences of political variants of cultural nationalism over the last few decades, reject the new nationalism, opting instead, in this era of so-called globalization, for a cosmopolitan world view. In this article I argue that despite their apparent opposition these two approaches are locked into one and the same paradigm.


The invention discloses a brush roller mounting type rotating block which comprises a rotating block body. The two ends of the rotating block body are provided with mounting holes. A mounting groove and a plurality of fixing holes are formed in the middle of the rotating block body. The fixing holes are formed in a circular shape. Inserting columns are arranged at the fixing holes and are provided with connecting rings. The connecting rings are buckled to the side wall of the rotating block body. The connecting rings and the rotating block body are connected through fixing pins. A brush roller can be arranged at the mounting holes, driving shafts can be directly inserted to the connecting rings and the inserting columns, the rotating block can be driven to rotate by a driving motor, and accordingly the brush roller can carry out rotating conveniently.


The purpose of this study was to obtain the information about cardiac contractility dynamical changes after once heavy load training on treadmill,summarized its variation characteristics and explored the relationship between this change and the levels of cardiac free radical,calcium ions.32 grown male SD rats,randomly divides into normal control group(group A),instantly after exercise group(group B),and 3h after exercise group(group C),and 24h after exercise group(group D).The cardiac contractility signal of group D was used to monitor before exercise and different time after exercise by exercise cardiac contractility monitor.The levels of all groups rats serum cardiac troponin-I(cTnI),cardiac superoxide dismutase(SOD,malondialdehyde(MDA)and Ca2+ were determined.The result showed that first heard sound(S1) amplitude of rats was lower in instantly after exercise,and was further and significant lower in much time follow instantly after exercise,but the amplitude of S1 returned to normal levels at 24 hours after exercise.Exercise caused serum cTnI concentration was significant lower,and caused cardiac SOD activity was significant lower,cardiac MDA quantitative was significant higher and Ca2+ concentration was significant higher.These changes were the most obvious of group C.It is concluded that heavy load training may lead rats cardiac contractility to drop,and the most obvious changes occurred convalescence after exercise,but it was reversible.It also hints that there might be some certain relationship between lowing of cardiac contractility and free radical increase,calcium overload.


Bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BoHV-4) is a gamma-herpesvirus that has been isolated from apparently asymptomatic animals and from cattle with a variety of clinical signs. The pathogenic role of BoHV-4 remains unclear and it is unknown whether the virus acts as a primary pathogen or whether it facilitates secondary infections After natural or experimental infections, BoHV-4 can establish latency, mainly in cells of the monocyte/macrophage linage. Latent virus can be reactivated after glucocorticoid treatment or by stress factors. In 2007, BoHV-4 was isolated for the first time in Argentina, from samples of bovine abortions. In the present study, we used viral isolation, nested PCR and restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) to investigate the presence of BoHV-4 in bovine leukocytes from a single herd of dairy cattle with reproductive problems. In this work, we demonstrated that BoHV-4 genome is present in the leukocytes of a high proportion (63.4%) of animals, probably in a latent or persistent state. BoHV-4 was isolated from one out of eleven peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) samples. By REA we demonstrated the existence of genomic variation among the strains circulating in this particular herd. Furthermore, all PBL samples evaluated in this study differed from the American prototype strain, DN 599. Overall, this work demonstrated that BoHV-4 is present in the leukocyte fraction of dairy cattle and that viral strains present in this herd are genetically divergent. Although BoHV-4 was detected in a herd with a background of reproductive disorders, it is not possible to conclude that the virus is the primary responsible for these conditions.


Mesoporous silica SBA-15 molecular sieve has been synthesized and incorporated with aluminum via three different postsynthesis procedures by reacting SBA-15 with AlCl3 in dry ethanol (route 1), wit...


The demand for electricity power consumption (PC) is growing lots due to the upward thrust of hardware and the development of the population. Hence it is mandatory to predict energy to enhance its management and co-operation among the energy utilized in a construction and the power grid. There is a problem for predicting the Energy Consumption Prediction (ECP) due to tremendous problems like climate conditions and the effective behaviour of tenants. We present a keen crossover approach that joins Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) method which is a Deep Learning technique through three steps which achieves better prediction results when compared to other existing techniques.


This paper focuses on the link between the musical thought of Iannis Xenakis and theories of systems thinking. It will be demonstrated how the composer interprets in his musical thought, concepts of systems thinking, such as markovian stochastic music, or in the formulation of second order sonorities, which resulted in the formation of a new music paradigm. Finally, we shall examine how these lines of thought evolved, as for instance in the music of Agostino Di Scipio or in my own music.


A comparison between the resonant performance of the third iteration Hilbert monopole and a spiral shaped one of the same size and resonant frequency is presented. Quality factor, bandwidth, efficiency and radiation patterns are investigated. Although the Hilbert monopole total wire length is longer, it shows nearly the same radiation efficiency yet a lower quality factor. Hence the higher compression efficiency of the spiral shaped monopole does not provide any advantage in the antenna electromagnetic performance. Differences in radiation pattern are also observed. It is demonstrated that antenna resonance performance depends on its geometry, and not only on its size or wire length.


The paper describes the design and construction of the Garden Island Causeway in Cockburn Sound. The site investigations undertaken are outlined and the contractual arrangements and the reasons for their adoption are stated. The design philosophy for the rubble mound causeway and certain special features of the high level bridge design are followed by a detailed description of the construction of the rubble mound. The construction of the high level bridge is not included. A companion paper on the planning and marine environmental investigations for the causeway is also to be presented at the Conference.


Thermodiffusion is shown to produce both qualitative and quantitative changes in the pattern of the distribution of the silicon deposition rate along the reactor. With decreasing temperature in the deposition zone or pressure in the reactor the kinetic reaction becomes the rate limiting stage of the process. In this case the factor influencing the kinetic reaction have a pronounced effect on the epitaxial layer. The approximate formulas are obtained, which permit calculating the process schedules for different geometry of the reactor.


Various possibilities to support the automated construction of state diagrams of the OMT method are considered. The proposed facilities are planned to be included in a prototype environment whose basic components are editors for scenarios and state diagrams. The considered support covers automatic means for synthesizing a state diagram on the basis of scenarios, for making the state diagramas compact as possible, for determininga satisfactory layout for the state diagram, and for maintainingconsistency between scenarios and state diagrams. The prototype environment| called SCED| currently supports editing of scenarios and automatic synthesis of state diagrams.


 Abstract — Some results of strongly continuous semigroup ( -semigroup) of functional analysis of bounded linear operator defining on a separable Banach spaces like hypercyclic, topologically transitive, chaotic, mixing, weekly mixing and topologically ergrodic have been discussed. The generalization of hypercyclic, topologically transitive, chaotic, mixing, weakly mixing and topologically ergrodic for the direct sum of two and /or hence to n -semigroup strongly continuous dynamic system of semigroups in infinite dimensional separable Banach space have been developed with proofs and discusses


This issue is a collection of articles that explore the images of Africa and African peoples in contemporary German society. Its scope is broad, and its overall aim is to delineate and analyze the social, economic, political, and cultural images that are reflected in Germany, its society, literature, and culture. The articles cover several of the important and most recent themes dealing with Africans and the portrayal and Africans in literary works. Not only do they illustrate similarities and differences in the kinds of questions that are being asked in studies of Blacks in European contexts, but they also demonstrate a variety of approaches, ranging from theoretical to in-depth practical case studies. Although our focus in this issue is on the image of Africa in German society, it is evident that many of the problems and experiences shared by Blacks in Germany are also common to Blacks in other European societies. Indeed, the recent Fifth Annual Cross-Cultural Black Women's Studies Summer Institute on "Black People and the European Community," held in Berlin, Germany, underscored the commonality of problems and aspirations among African-descended people living in Europe. In this introductory chapter, I shall review some of the major themes and theoretical stances that have emerged in the recent literature on Blacks in German Society and highlight the way in which the contributors to this volume address these themes and issues. Marilyn Sephocle's article, "Anton Wilhelm Amo," reflects on the life of the African professor of the 18th century, who became by virtue of his intellectual ambition one of the most outstanding


The present invention is passively cooled powerful light sources inside the sensor, to a particle sensor which can prolong the life of the light source without the need for additional power thereby. The sensor includes a light source, the optical interaction with the sample fluid flowing through the sample chamber, for detecting the particles in the sample fluid. Sample fluid leaving the sample chamber is directed to the thermal contact with the light source, thereby cooling the light source. Sample fluid came into thermal contact with the light source is continuously removed from the sensor, to ensure that the light source is sufficiently cooled. To facilitate thermal contact with the light source and the sample fluid, the plenum, the heat sink, and a variety of factors including the airflow cavity used. Related method of cooling one or more heat generating device in the particle sensor is provided. .FIELD 1


[Objective] To investigate the CT manifestation and the relation with clinical sympotisms in the lung-bleeding disease caused by leptospira.[Methods] Retrospectively analysing the pulmonary CT manifestation and clinical datas from 17 patiens infected by the leptospira.[Result] Three case with dot and flake tiny shadows spreaded widely;six cases with dot and flake tiny spreadwide shadows accompanying flekle and slice ones;six cases with flake and downy shadows spreaded diffusedly and desensely accompanying tiny dot ones;two case majored by matted,slice and plaque shadows accompanying tiny dot ones.In the above cases the state of illness becomes more and more serious in turn,the last one died of emptysis.[Conclusion] The CT performances in the lung-bleeding disease caused by the leptospira vary abundantly,coexist simultaneously and are charactered by distributing mainly in the above,right,out part and after of the lung and the severity is determined by the magnitude,the modality and the size of the focus.


A coaxial fed hexagonal dielectric resonator antenna (HDRA) is investigated experimentally. The return loss, impedance matching, radiation pattern, beam widths and gain of the antenna are measured and discussed. The antenna resonates at 2.05GHz with a 3dB bandwidth of 2.4% and an average gain of /spl sim/7.7dB in the band.


In his forthcoming article, Originalism: Standard and Procedure, Stephen Sachs describes an unending debate between advocates of originalism and their critics. Originalists argue that certain historic facts play a role in determining the meaning of constitutional provisions. Critics respond that making determinations about these facts is difficult, if not impossible for judges, attorneys, and the general public. Sachs seeks to rise above this debate, arguing that originalism should not be treated as a procedure for interpreting the constitution, but instead as a standard by which interpretations may be judged. Even if originalism does not set forth a set of rules for its implementation, it is still of use to the extent that it provides an account of what interpretations are correct or mistaken, and may point interpreters toward "rules of thumb" for interpreting the Constitution.

This Article takes issue with this approach. First, Sachs argues that treating originalism as a standard, rather than a procedure, effectively avoids critiques over difficulties of implementing originalism. But whether originalism can be implemented remains an important consideration when choosing between standards of interpretation. If a standard typically cannot be implemented that standard is less preferable to an alternate standard of interpretation that is easier to implement. Second, the move to a focus on standards further alienates discussions that are already technical and theoretical from the practical realities that judges, attorneys, and the general public face. Even if treating originalism as a standard avoids implementation critiques, theorizing about originalism at this level is even less useful for actors in the real world.

Originalism is not like other instances in law where statutes or opinions refer to other opinions, statutes, or third-party publications. Instead, originalism requires rigorous and complex analysis of historic facts to determine the original public meaning of constitutional provisions—an undertaking that most judges, attorneys, members of the public, and even legal academics may find challenging. Treating originalism as a standard does not avoid this concern—and even if it did, these issues should be confronted, rather than evaded.


The report elaborated the background and achievement to construct the seed-breeding base of fine breeds in eastern agricultural area of Qinghai province, and depicted detailedly the main operating way to construct the seed-breeding base.


The plasma testosterone levels of male peripubertal root voles were unaffected by the main effects of gestational (GP) or Lactational (LP) photoperiodic treatments,but the main effects of postweaning(PP) photoperiodic treatments to plasma testosterone levels significantly affected the plasma testosterone levels.Besides,in GP or LP,short day length(SDL or p )photoperiodic treatments stimulastr the secrotion of plasma testosterone,but in PP,LDL photoperiodic treatments exhibited the much significantly promoting action(P0 01).Compared with testosterone,the effects of PP photoperiod to plasma estradiol levels were in the other way round,i.e,SDL photoperiodic treatments in PP promote the plasma estradiol levels.and LP photoperiodic treatments significantly affected the estradiol levels (P0 05).


Objective:To study the curative effect and mechanism of reposition with lifting,rotation,pushing and removing technique in treating atlanto-axial subluxation.Methods:Eighty patients who suffered from atlanto-axial subluxation were randomly allocated into manipulation group and traction group,with manipulation group receiving the lifting,rotation,pushing and removing technique while traction group receiving occipito-mandible traction.The evaluative indexes included improvements in symptoms and signs,axial separation space of atlanto-axial joint in x-ray films and probable adverse reactions.Results:In manipulation group,12 cases were cured,15 cases got excellent results,12 cases showed effectiveness and 6 cases were ineffective.In traction group,3 cases were cured,8 cases were markedly effective,12 cases were effective and 12 cases were ineffective.The total effective rate in the two groups was 86.67% and 65.71% respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P0.01).In reducing the axial separation space of atlanto-axial joint,the results were excellent in 13 cases,moderately good in 17 cases,effective in 10 cases and poor in 5 cases in manipulation group.The total effective rate was 88.89%.While in traction group,the total effective rate was 62.86%,with excellent results obtained in 5 cases,moderate effectiveness in 9 cases,average in 8 cases and ineffectiveness in 13 cases.There was obvious difference between the two groups(P0.01).Conclusion:Compared with occipito-mandible traction,reposition with lifting,rotation,pushing and removing technique is more effective in improving patients' symptoms and reducing anatomical shift of atlas and axis vertebrae,which is a simple,safe and effective method for atlanto-axial subluxation.


A rocket-borne multilayer multianode proportional counter observation of Cas A and Tycho supernovae remnants shows no evidence for periodic emissions in the period range from 1 millisecond to 13 seconds. Comparison of inferred incident photon spectra and electromagnetic flux intensity as a function of energy rules out simple synchrotron or isothermal models for both Cas A and Tycho. It is concluded that there must still be a contemporary source of energy in the source region to connect the radio and X-ray emission from these remnants.


Aiming at the problem that interior permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG) has larger harmonic and vibration,using non-uniform air gap to weaken slot harmonic and cogging torque is proposed.The running mechanism of non-uniform air gap was analyzed and discussed the change law of the PMSG's parameters such as no-load back electromotive force(EMF),output power,efficiency and total harmonic distortion(THD).Through the field-circuit method,with an interior permanent magnet synchronous generator(IPM) as an example for the simulation,the results shows that non-uniform air gap can effectively improve the waveform of air gap field,it's THD drop from 4.86% to 2.48% and the cogging torque lower by 40%.


The relationship between Agency (self-assertion and independence) and Communion (nurturance and expressivity) and paranatal adjustment was studied in 32 primi-parious women. It was predicted that Agentic women would be ambivalent about the maternal role during pregnancy, but would adjust to the role subsequently. Communal women were anticipated to be unambivalent and adjust without problems to the role. Agency and Communion scores were constructed from the women's self-descriptions and their mothers' descriptions of them on a 56 item adjective Q-sort. Attitudes to the maternal role were assessed by a projective technique and paranatal adjustment by the Goldberg Health Questionnaire at 4 points: shortly before pregnancy, after the 1st trimester of pregnancy and 6 weeks and 12 months after delivery. The predictions were confirmed. Contextual relationships were sought by studying husbands and the marriage. The matching of personality characteristics in the couples were found to create interpersonal climates similar to those the wives had experienced with their mothers. The husbands emphasized satisfactions in those areas of the marital relationship where their Agentic or Communal wives had their primary social competence, factors which may also have contributed to the adaptation of the wives as mothers.


River is an important water source for human living and production Management of its water quality and pollution sources is one of the major tasks of river basin management of water environment All rivers in a river basin form a river network Some kinds of GIS software provide a module specially for solving network related issues Based on an analysis of the features of river water environmental system, this paper studies the method of application of GIS network analysis technology to river water pollution tracing,which include establishment of digital river network model and river water environmental database, integration of associated with river water environmental data, and implementation of river water pollution tracing In addition, a prototype study has been carried out in the Hanjiang River basin


A common question asked by researchers is, "What sample size do I need for my study?" Over the years, several rules of thumb have been proposed. In reality there is no rule of thumb that applies to all situations. The sample size needed for a study depends on many factors, including the size of the model, distribution of the variables, amount of missing data, reliability of the variables, and strength of the relations among the variables. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how substantive researchers can use a Monte Carlo study to decide on sample size and determine power. Two models are used as examples, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model and a growth model. The analyses are carried out using the Mplus program (Muthén& Muthén 1998).


At the chemical process in the volume of a liquid reaction mixture in the presence of two specific groups of oxidizers in a metal reactor or reactor using metal elements, favourable conditions for abnormally rapid oxidation of the metal with subsequent destruction at room or close to them temperatures may appear. The condition for destruction is the process according to the cycle scheme with the regeneration of the metal oxidizer, which may initially be present in the system in catalytic or close to them quantities. In the presence of several metal elements, the destruction occurs all at the same time, but in different proportions. As a result, this leads to a deterioration in the characteristics of the process, and the process of destruction in the apparatus (reactor) can be accompanied by the emergence of a far unsafe, unpredictable situation.