BACKGROUND: The presence of intrauterine bone fragments is rare. They may prevent pregnancy by an intrauterine device–like effect. Hysteroscopy is required for definitive diagnosis and treatment. CASE: A woman experienced secondary infertility after a dilatation and evacuation at 22 weeks of gestation. She subsequently conceived spontaneously shortly after hysteroscopic removal of numerous intrauterine bone fragments. CONCLUSION: Intrauterine bone fragments may result from retained fetal bones or osseous metaplasia or both. These bone fragments may contribute to infertility, as evidenced by the restoration of fertility after hysteroscopic removal.


Based on a large amount of tests and engineering practices,it is shown that the failure of anchorage system takes place at the interface between anchorage body and rock-soil;so it is necessary to carry out shear rheological experiments for interface mechanics of anchorage system in order to study the mechanism of grout-rock interface and the change characteristics of anchorage force during the rheological period. The results of experiments show that the shear rheological strain grows with time at the certain shear stress level,and grows sharply when shear stress level rises. Under the condition of low shear stress level,the initial rheological stage and steady-state creep stage occurs;however,the accelerating rheological stage will turn up when shear stress exceeds a certain value. With the increment of shear rheology,axial rheological strain of the anchor enhances a little and the anchorage force grows slowly. On the basis of experiment,a nonlinear empirical rheological constitutive model which has a continuous formulation is proposed,which is more reasonable because of its consideration of normal stress and its ability of describing the whole rheological process including primary rheological deformation,secondary rheological deformation and accelerating rheological deformation. For further research on feasibility of the anchorage interface rheological constitutive model,a numerical test is carried out to simulate a shear rheological experiment of sample 3 for 51 hours. It is shown that the results of numerical simulation test coincide very well with that of shear rheological experiment,so it is indicated that the proposed nonlinear rheological model is available.


Case Report: A 37-year-old man with the wide QRS tachycardia visited to our hospital. The wide QRS tachycardia had emerged with paroxysmal Atrial fibrillation (pAf). The QRS configuration during the wide QRS tachycardia was a right bundle branch block pattern with left-axis deviation. Verapamil could terminate the wide QRS tachycardia. We diagnosed the wide QRS tachycardia verapamil-sensitive left posterior fascicular Ventricular Tachycardia (VT). Verapamil-sensitive left posterior fascicular VT had always emerged coexistence with pAf. During the electrophysiological study, verapamil-sensitive posterior fascicular VT was induced by programmed atrial stimulation. We performed segmental pulmonary vein antrum isolation during sinus rhythm. After the isolation of pulmonary veins, the radiofrequency application to the VT circuit was performed. VT could be terminated by radiofrequency application where the earliest purkinje potential preceded the onset of earliest surface QRS by 12 ms during VT. No VT was induced after the radiofrequency applications. Conclusions: This VT is the rare case of verapamil-sensitive posterior fascicular VT associated with pAf. We successfully ablated these double tachycardias.


"Begonia grandis" Dry. (Begoniaceae), previously recognized as endemic to continental China, was recently discovered from southern Taiwan. Close morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analysis elucidated that the species in Taiwan belongs to subspecies "grandis". "Begonia grandis" has a long history in cultivation especially in China and Japan but not in Taiwan. The collection locality in Taiwan had no trace of human activity. Therefore, "B. grandis" is considered to be native to Taiwan. The new finding in Taiwan marks the southernmost distribution record of the species. Unfortunately, the discovered population was destroyed by a landslide due to a typhoon in 2009. Further field survey in neighboring areas is needed to elucidate the current status of "B. grandis" in Taiwan.


Simulated navigations of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) achieved by the minimum time guidance within undersea areas of current disturbances are presented. When an AUV has to transit to a given destination within an area of current disturbance, ingenious guidance enables the minimum time navigation. In this study, a numerical solution procedure for an optimal heading guidance law is developed. As the optimal heading reference, the solution of the optimal guidance law is fed to the heading controller. Simulated optimal navigations are realized on the basis of the dynamics of an AUV 'r2D4'. The r2D4 is a deep-ocean-exploring AUV, developed by the Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo. The developed procedure never fails to derive the optimal heading sequence within a finite computational time, provided that the current velocity in the navigation region is known a priori. As a fail-safe strategy in achieving the optimal navigation, the concept of quasi-optimal navigation is presented. The quasi-optimal navigation is implemented by on-site updates of optimal guidances followed by the heading tracking control.


Surgical ventricular repair (SVR) in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy is aimed to reshape left ventricle (LV) and reduce its volume in order to improve prognosis and quality of life. There are controversies regarding benefit of SVR, especially in patients with severely enlarged LV.

 Our purpose was to investigate prognostic value of LV longitudinal strain for survival and for the improvement of LV function after SVR in patients with anteroapical LV aneurysm.

 218 pts (2005-2018, mean age 63.6 ± 11.2y, 73.9% males) with anteroapical LV aneurysm due to myocardial infarction underwent SVR combined with coronary bypass grafting (77.5%), mitral valve repair (18.3%) and LV thrombectomy (22.0%). Preoperative strain analysis was done retrospectively for 146 patients. Prognostic value of strain was tested in pts according to the LV end systolic volume index (LVESVI) with the cut-off value of 60ml/m². In 17 pts 1-year follow-up with strain quantification was done.

 During a median follow-up of 3.9 years (IQR: 1.0-6.8 years) there were 68 deaths and 1 patient was lost to follow-up. 30-days survival rate was 93.5% (95%CI: 90.3; 96.9%), 5 year survival – 72.5% (95%CI: 66.0-79.6%). Pts who died were significantly older, with higher proportion of diabetes (DM), peripheral artery disease, renal failure (RF) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Baseline ejection fraction (EF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) did not differ significantly. Whereas basal longitudinal strain (BLS) was higher (more negative) in pts who survived (-11.4 ± 3% vs. -10.1 ± 4%, p = 0.027). Risk stratification by tertiles revealed that BLS was a significant predictor of survival. The risk of dying was 3 times higher for pts in the lowest tertile compared to those in the highest tertile (HR: 2.94, 95%CI:1.37-6.25, p = 0.013). When adjusted to age, AF, DM, RF, and previous heart surgery, BLS was an independent predictor of death (HR = 1.14, 95%CI:1.03;1.26, p = 0.032). At 1-year follow-up (12.7 ± 5.1 months) there was significant decrease of LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indices, from 102.8 ± 24.1 ml/m² to 77.9 ± 24 ml/m² (p < 0.001) and from 67 ± 23.2 ml/m² to 44.3 ± 7.6 ml/m² (p < 0.001), correspondingly, and increase of EF from 36.3 ± 9.4% to 44.4 ± 7.6% (p = 0.001). The mean systolic GLS improved from -6.6 ± 2.6% to -8.7 ± 3.2%, p = 0.008. Among 81 segments with baseline hypokinesia, 44 segments (54.3%) recovered their contractility, 36 segments (44.4%) remained hypokinetic and 1 segment deteriorated to akinesia. Mean systolic strain of segments which showed recovery was -6.6 ± 4.0% compared to -3.8 ± 4.5% with no improvement (p = 0.005). Cut-off value of systolic strain for prediction of recovery was -5.4 % (AUC = 0.69, p = 0.004; PPV = 0.73, NPV = 0.61).

 Our study demonstrates that BLS is an independent predictor of survival after SVR in patients with LV anteroapical aneurysm. Furthermore, higher systolic strain predicts recovery of LV regional function at 1-year after SVR.


The article is devoted to the phenomenon of the "monument war" in the North Caucasus in the context of Russian nation-building. The authors analyze the historical dynamics of the commemoration in the North Caucasus, depending on its historical stages and political actors. Further, the article examines the causes of the actual 'war of monuments' in the North Caucasus and formulates its essence. At the same time, the question is raised about the assessment of the position of the authorities regarding this "war" in terms of the policy of "non-decision-making" (according to P. Bachrach and M. S. Baratz). In conclusion, the authors interpret the memorial conflicts in the North Caucasus as a request for a modern (in the spirit of E. Renan) concept of the Russian nation.


Following the general statement for the management of prefrail elderly in colorectal cancer, the following six important clinical questions concerning the management of such patients were raised, discussed and recommended by the working group: 1) The purpose of cancer treatment is extension of both the overall and disability-free survival (healthy life ex-pectancy); 2) The healthcare workers ' team should respect patients ' will and values, and should try to build a consensus on the treatment purpose with patients; 3) Patients who potentially have cognitive impairment need to be evaluated by appro-priate tools and supported by the medical team to make a decision on selecting the treatment plan depending on their cognitive function; 4) Life expectancy will support shared decision-making on the treatment plan; 5) Quality of life measured before and after treatment is an important factor to evaluate healthy life expectancy; and 6) Geriatric assessment before starting the treatment is useful to predict the risk of developing adverse events, prolonged length of hospital stay and death. The prefrail elderly will eventually deteriorate to require nursing care despite cancer treatment. Close collaboration between medical and nursing care is recommended as soon as a diagnosis of cancer is made in those presenting with signifi-cant frailty.


This paper proposes a novel sinusoidal frequency modulated carrier wave (SFMCW) method to reduce the common-mode (CM) electromagnetic interference (EMI) of the power converter. State-of-the-art could spread the EMI energy over a wide bandwidth using frequency modulation (FM) or spread spectrum frequency modulation (SSFM) solutions. It does not require costly, bulky, and heavy filters. However, these techniques exhibit considerable output voltage ripples. This paper proposes a new method to adjust the duty cycle and suppress output ripples to minimize such performance degradation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through SPICE simulation and a medium voltage testbed in the final paper.


In order to transmit and exchange test information transparently in ATS,this paper established the XML Schema model of UUT signal information description based on ATML standard,illustrated it with ATS of some equipment and a better effect was achieved.


The article reveals the specifics of transformational processes in the urban creative environment of modern Russian society in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. The results of a sociological study (method of expert interviews) conducted in 2021 in Saratov as an empirical basis were used. The purpose of this paper is to present the assessment of the various experts who are respondents in this study regarding the pandemic factor of changes in the creative space of a typical Russian city. Almost opposite assessments were revealed regarding the nature of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the urban creative environment as a whole and its individual components. The respondents point out both the negative aspects (for example, a sharp decrease in the volume of client flow in the creative industry of the city, the closure of individual creative facilities and projects), and the positive aspects (the prompt introduction of modern formats for the work of objects in the creative sphere, the creation of new creative projects) of the influence of the phenomenon under consideration. In general, the experts admit that most of the subjects of the urban creative space have somehow adapted to the new, unprecedented conditions and challenges of the external environment, and some of them even received additional opportunities for development. The creative space of the Russian city as a whole demonstrated its stability, flexibility and adaptability and constructive response to challenges. But due to the importance of the creative environment as a factor of improving the quality of life of the population, the state support is needed. The results of the study can be used as the basis for management activities to develop and support the urban creative environment of modern Russian society in difficult socio-economic conditions.


Background: Little has been published on the maximum strength of the shoulder girdle as a function of varying postures. Such information may help aid in job design by better assessing the capabilities of workers. Methods: Female subjects (n=12) were required to hold a weight in place for 4 seconds in one of 6 different functional postures: 0/90 (shoulder flexion angle = 0° and included elbow angle = 90°), 30/90, 60/90, 90/120, 120/150 and 150/180. Postures and weights were chosen at random and measurements were repeated. Final weight adjustments were in increments of 0.1 lb. At least 3 minutes of rest between lifts was provided. Maximum voluntary contractions (MVCs) were required to be reproduced within 2 lbs. Dynamic lifting of the weight and holding in place MVCs ("lift and hold"), as well as only holding the weight in place MVCs ("hold only") were assessed separately. Maximum voluntary torques were also computed and adjusted for arm weight. Ratings of perceived exertion (Borg CR-10) and pain ratings (0–10 scale) were obtained. Results: Maximum voluntary contractions varied greatly, with the strongest to weakest measurements approximating 2:1 ratios. For the 90/120 posture, lift and hold MVC was 14.6±3.0 lb. (range 9.5–19.0). The hold only MVC for 90/120 was 18.1±2.9 lb. (range 13.5–25.3). Similar variability occurred in all postures. Adjusted for arm weight, MVC for lift and hold at 90/120 was 18.1±3.3 lb, while hold only was 21.7±3.2 lb. Across all postures, hold only MVCs were greater than lift and hold MVCs by 4.3 lb. (26%). Lift and hold MVC torque at 120/150 was 217.2±39.3 in-lb. (range 157.5–266.8), while hold only was 280.6±38.0 in-lb. Across all postures, hold only maximum voluntary torques were greater than lift and hold torques by 25%. Except for the 0/90 and 150/180 postures, posture had little effect on hold only maximum voluntary torques. Borg CR-10 ratings averaged 6.6 for lift and hold and 6.9 for hold only (p>0.05). Posture had no effect on pain ratings, which averaged 0.8. Conclusions: Variability in female shoulder girdle lifting strength is substantial. Removing the lifting portion of job tasks likely substantially increases the percentage of workers capable of performing the tasks. Weakest postures are 90/120 and 120/150 and the female lift and hold MVC for those postures is 15 lb. (hold only 19 lb.). 30/90, 60/90 and 150/180 postures are equally strong; MVCs for lift and hold in those postures are 18 lb. (hold only 23 lb.). When overhead work is required, 150/180 posture appears preferable to 90/120 or 120/150. Some screening or selection process may be necessary on some jobs due to the degree of variability in strength.


Japan has a plethora of yōkai, a word variously translated as monsters, spirits, goblins, fantastic beings, or supernatural phenomena. Such things have long played a role in local traditions, belief systems, and folklore, as well as in visual and literary arts, and more recently in commercial and popular culture, including film, manga, anime and games. In fact, yōkai leap with uncanny facility from one platform to another, constantly remediated, and constantly taking on new meanings. They are equally at home in folk and commercial culture, and operate simultaneously within personal, local, regional, and national contexts. It is impossible, and probably fruitless, to make broad generalizations about yōkai, except to say that they are characterized by variety, abundance, and constant change. Given the multi-platform, media mixed, heteroglot exuberance of yōkai then, acts of naming and describing provide order and a rationale of sorts: a semblance of semiotic consistency. A desire for order inspires (or is manifest in) what I call an "encyclopedic mode" of discourse, a tradition of encapsulating each individual monster into a concise and (relatively) self-contained unit in which it is labeled, described, and sometimes illustrated. (1) This is of course the kind of natural-history format that informs modern zoological and botanical systems of taxonomy. In the case of yōkai this format is particularly interesting because, like monsters everywhere, uncanny creatures and phenomena challenge taxonomic systems. Almost by definition, they are the anomalous and out-of-the-ordinary examples that, by refusing to fit into existing parameters, force systems to restructure, regroup and redefine. Alternatively, if we try to cram monsters into a bestiary of their own, we are also confronted with questions that lay bare the very scaffolding of any system of classification, revealing the invisible criteria that determine categorization schemata. It is exactly because yōkai challenge taxonomy—both by disrupting established systems and also by representing a boldly heterogeneous group of phenomena that somehow needs to be organized—that they work as powerful defamiliarizing agents in the often taken-for-granted order(s) of nature. In the current essay, I focus on a few cases involving the labeling of yōkai in which the transference and transformation of names, images, and meanings through different media—the movement of signs through time and space—reveal how the chaos of local variation is marshaled together into a centralized taxonomic system. These examples demonstrate a complex play of signifiers and signifieds whereby images and meanings bleed into other images and other meanings in a process I call, tentatively at least, semantic staining. Like a stained shirt or carpet, an existing "thing" is indelibly colored by contact with another. As with the staining of wood, the object itself is forever altered even as the stain accents the grain and contours of the "original."


We present a comparison of Finite Element Method, I sogeometric Analysis, and Finite Volume Method in numerical simulation of one-dimensional elastic wav e propagation problems with stress discontinuities. The special attention is paid to accuracy of tested num erical methods and the appearance of spurious oscil lations and dissipation effects occurring close to theoretical sharp wavefronts. FEM and FVM are widely accepted a s numerical methods used for numerical solution of hy perbolic (wave-like) problems. IGA, the spline vari ant of FEM, is a modern strategy for numerical solution of partial differential equations. This method is bas ed on splines as shape functions in FEM content. In IGA a nd FEM, the Newmark method, the central difference method, the generalizedα method and the Park method are employed as time in tegrators. All the tested numerical strategies are applied for elastic wave p ropagation in a bar. At the end, main advantages an d disadvantages of the numerical methods in wave prop agation are summed up.


The synthesis of nitrogen-doped single-layer graphene has been achieved on the copper surface by using the nitrogen-containing sole precursor azafullerene. The synthesis process, doping properties, and doping-induced variation of local work function of graphene have been investigated on the atomic scale by combining scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, and density functional theory calculations. Most nitrogen dopants are at the edges of graphene islands and the graphene domain boundaries with the pyridinic configuration. Graphitic nitrogen dopants arrange into curved lines within graphene islands after multiple growth cycles, which results from a doping process guided by the edges of graphene islands. The doping-induced variation of local work function of the graphene surface has been measured on the atomic scale by using scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements. We find that the local work function strongly depends on the atomic bonding configurat...


Background:  Since 2007, Townsville Cancer Centre (Queensland, Australia) has provided routine and urgent medical oncology services to rural and remote communities through videoconferencing. At remote sites, patients were accompanied by doctors and other health workers. The aim of this study was to describe satisfaction of patients and rural health workers with this model of teleoncology.


Purpose.?The purpose of the present investigation was to determine how well ninth graders maintain relative positions in measured broad vo cational interest fields while studying rather intensively the vocational and educational demands in the areas in which they had expressed such inter ests. To this end, a measurement of interest was taken about the middle of March, 1947, and again about the middle of May of the same year. The intervening period varied slightly from case to case, but on the average was about eight weeks in length.


The electronic structure of a series of dibenzofurane and dibenzothiophene derivatives has been studied by means of hybrid density functional theory. The molecular structures of these compounds were obtained through full geometry optimization and then characterized as potential energy surface minima through the pertinent vibrational analysis. The analysis of the frontier orbitals together with the study of aromaticity allows us to make predictions about the reactivity of these molecules and to compare them to the recent findings on carbazole derivatives. Since dibenzofurane, dibenzothiophene, and carbazole are likely to be molecular moieties present in crude oil, their possible role in the formation of asphaltene-like molecules is discussed.


Validation of models that predict the performance of aerospace engine materials depends on the ability to obtain accurate single crystal elastic constants. Resonance Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS) is a nondestructive technique in which the natural resonances of a material are utilized to obtain these constants. Traditional RUS utilizes an analytic approach to determine the resonance frequencies of a specimen given an initial guess set of elastic constants. A nonlinear optimization process then fits the elastic constants to experimentally measured data. This approach is limited both in its ability to handle specimens with complex geometry and to handle polycrystalline materials. These more complex scenarios can be approached by utilizing a finite element forward model to obtain sample resonances.


Acute and chronic cutaneous wounds caused by traumas, surgical interventions and a range of chronic diseases such as, for example, diabetes mellitus or chronic venous insufficiency, are widely distributed among the population all over the world, first of all among the aged patients. The treatment of acute and chronic cutaneous wounds is a current challenge for the medicine, which is not completely solved for the present day. Medicines with regenerative activity used currently have certain disadvantages, of which can be mentioned particularly the difficulties in technology and standardization of the drugs of biological origin. A range of zinc compounds (e.g., oxide, sulfate etc.) are used for a long time for the treatment of various skin diseases. Nevertheless for the present time there are some important aspects of the biological activity of zinc coordination compounds which are still not studied in detail enough, particularly the regenerative activity. In this study we investigated the regenerative activity of zinc salicylate. Zinc salicylate was prepared by reaction of an excess of zinc carbonate with salicylic acid in ethanol. Zinc salicylate activity in vitro on metabolic, proliferative and migration state of fibroblasts was investigated in cell culture. It was shown that zinc salicylate stimulates metabolic activity, increases migration state of fibroblasts, contribute to proteins adaptation to damage. Wound healing action of zinc salicylate as an active principal of a polyethyleneglycol-based ointment was studied on the model of linear wound in rats. It was shown high regenerative activity of zinc salicylate vs a standard medicine ("Levomecol").


With the increase of the scale and complexity of the distribution network system, higher requirements are put forward for the perception ability, cognitive ability and decision-making ability of the regulator. Starting from the research of knowledge mapping in the auxiliary decision-making of distribution network regulation, this paper analyzes the research status and scenario requirements from three aspects: information fusion perception, business quality and efficiency improvement, and regulation decision recommendation, and discusses the key technologies and research schemes of the construction of regulation knowledge mapping, knowledge application scenarios, and human-computer hybrid mode. Finally, experiments are carried out on semantic information representation, regulation fault handling and reactive power control business, and future challenges are proposed.


We improve iterative separation-based speaker diarization (ISSD) with quality-aware dynamic masking (QDM). We call the proposed framework QDM-SSD. Compared with ISSD, QDM-SSD enhances the simulated data used for model adaptation through QDM to alleviate the influence of errors in speaker priors. In addition to data quality purification, QDM-SSD also makes the adaptation data sparse by automatically adjusting speaker overlap ratios according to data quality. Furthermore, using a sliding window over the adaptation data, clean regions in speech segments can be better localized. Experiments on the two-speaker conversational telephone speech (CTS) corpus show that the proposed QDM-SSD framework can reduce the diarization error rate (DER) by 18.56% relatively compared with ISSD. Moreover, QDM-SSD is shown to generalize to other two-speaker non-conversation telephone speech data sets where ISSD fails to work. Finally, we demonstrate that QDM-SSD can serve as a front-end to improve the performances of back-end automatic speech recognition.


The present invention relates to a firewall, which is expected to be exposed to fire having a front and back surface opposite, and comprising a wall element, the wall element having wall edges from the frame by a frame element, wherein between the frame and the edge of the wall element there is a gap, the gap is provided along an edge of the wall at the front side of the firewall expanded material, and is provided with elastic sealing material at a position closer to the back side of the firewall, wherein the intumescent material starts to expand the low temperature the elastic sealing material due to thermal lose its sealing function of temperature. According to the present invention, a firewall is a firewall can withstand deformation when exposed to fire, and can better prevent the leakage gap between the structural member through the dust interconnected. The present invention further relates to a frame assembly may be used in the manufacture of the firewall, and a method of manufacturing windows and doors with a frame of the firewall.


Use of indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) is critically important in agricultural production techniques and environmental management in Nigeria. Despite the importance of fisheries to the Nigerian economy and the indispensable role of IKS in it, the use of IKS in fishing households have not been adequately researched. This study identified and examined the extent of awareness and utilization of IKS in fishing in Southwest, Nigeria. Data obtained from 171 fisher-folks, eight key informants and eight FGDs were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and the logistic regression model. The study revealed that 26 IKS items were in use in the study area. A categorization of IKS items based on IKS use index (IKSUI) revealed that 19.0%, 35.0% and 46.0% of IKS items were poorly-used, moderately-used and highly-used, respectively. Also, 15.0%, 33.0% and 52.0% of fisher-folks were categorized as lowusers, moderate-users and high-users of IKS items, respectively. About 71.0% of the fisher-folks believed that fishing is not profitable without use or observation of IKS, 87.0% believed that IKS is better and more effective than Western Knowledge Systems (WKS), 71.0% believed that IKS reduces production cost and 70.0% affirmed that it increases fish catch. About 92.0% of fisher-folks posited that IKS was their only means of increasing catch, sustaining fishing and fishing income. Age of household head, fishing experience and number of elderly people in the household were significantly positively related to IKS use while household's fishing income, household head's education and number of fishing boats/canoes showed negative relationships with IKS use. It is concluded that IKS is very important in fisheries in the study area and that a documentation of fishing IKS be carried out in all major fishing communities in Nigeria.


We introduce SparseMinOver, a maximum margin Perceptron training algorithm based on the MinOver algorithm that can be used for SVM training when the feature vectors are sparse, high-dimensional, and binary. Such feature vectors arise when the CRO feature map is used to map the input space to the feature space. We show that the training algorithm is efficient with this type of feature vector, while preserving the accuracy of the underlying SVM. We demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of this technique on a number of datasets, including TIMIT, for which training a standard SVM with RBF kernel is prohibitively expensive. SparseMinOver relies on storing large indices and is particularly suited to large memory machines. External Posting Date: March 18, 2016 [Fulltext] Internal Posting Date: March 18, 2016 [Fulltext]  Copyright 2016 Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP Support Vector Machines with Sparse Binary High-Dimensional Feature Vectors Kave Eshghi Hewlett Packard Labs 1501 Page Mill Rd. Palo Alto, CA 94304 firstname.lastname@example.com Mehran Kafai Hewlett Packard Labs 1501 Page Mill Rd. Palo Alto, CA 94304 firstname.lastname@example.com


Introduction: Infrared emission by CO2 forms in Mars' mesosphere at 9–10 μm wavelength and is observable from the Earth or in nadir viewing at spectroscopic resolving power λ/Δλ≥10. Emission also has been observed in limb-scanning at low spectroscopic resolution from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) TES instrument, at a tangent height of ~65–70 km. MGS/TES has provided new data on seasonal variability, altitude, and meridional distribution of this emission, which has reignited interest in remote spectroscopic investigations of the physics of the mesosphere. Infrared heterodyne spectroscopic measurements at resolving power ~10 have been acquired in August 2001; June 2003; and October 2008, exploring the variability in temperature and intensity of the mesospheric emission along the meridian and in different Mars seasons. These data make possible the exploration of the thermal profile from surface to the mesosphere.


Outlet diffusion is one of the primary factors of affecting efficiency of a pumping system, and of affecting reclamation of kinetic energy. With a turbulent model, numerical simulation of the outlet diffusion flow for the two purposes pumping station is conducted. A curve outlet diffusion is developed in the model. A case study indicates that the efficiency in the new model is higher than that in any one of other three models. The calculated results coincide well with the experimental data in the new model.


Research conducted over several decades has shown that violent media increase aggression. It is now time to move beyond the question of whether violent media increase aggression to answering the question why violent media increase aggression. The present research tested whether violent video games produce a hostile expectation bias—the tendency to expect others to react to potential conflicts with aggression. Participants (N = 224) played either a violent or nonviolent video game. Next, they read ambiguous story stems about potential interpersonal conflicts. They were asked what the main character will do, say, think, and feel as the story continues. People who played a violent video game described the main character as behaving more aggressively, thinking more aggressive thoughts, and feeling more angry than did people who played a nonviolent video game. These results are consistent with the General Aggression Model.


In a survey of 396 elementary-aged children, 38% labeled themselves shy, 59% responded that they would rather be less shy, 46% felt that being shy was a personal problem, and 47% wanted to participate in a counseling group to ameliorate this problem Sex differences were found; approximately one-quarter of all boys (26%) and one-half of all girls (49%) applied this label to themselves. This finding differs from surveys of adults for whom no sex differences in shyness were noted.


This thesis examines three issues relating to the role of remittances in the process of economic development: the impact on economic growth, the implications of remittances on the real exchange compared to other forms of financial inflows, and the impact of remittances on expenditure patterns of households in a major remittancedependent country, Nepal. The issues are addressed in three self-contained essays, with a stage-setting introductory chapter and a concluding chapter which summarises the key findings. The essays are mainly empirical, but well informed by the relevant analytical literature. The empirical analysis makes use of the latest econometric techniques. Chapter 2 examines the debate on the impact of remittances on economic growth using a new panel dataset covering 74 developing countries over the period 1976– 2010.The novelty of the analysis is that it probes possible nonlinearity and lagged effect of the hypothesized impact of remittances on economic growth using alternative specifications. The results suggest that remittances have a positive impact on growth, with the magnitude of the impact declining beyond a remittance-GDP ratio of 7 to 9 percent. But the marginal impact is not statistically significant. There is also no evidence to suggest that the impact of remittances on growth depends on financial deepening as some previous studies have suggested. Chapter 3 examines the impact of remittances on real exchange rate (RER) using the standard dependent economy model to derive the estimation equation. The analysis is based on a new panel dataset covering 105developing countries during 1980-2011. A key novelty of the paper is the use of a theoretically consistent new real effective rate (REER) index as the dependent variable. The index uses the wholesale price index (WPI) to measure foreign prices and the GDP deflator as the measure of domestic prices whereas the REER index of the IMF, which has been commonly used in in the previous studies, uses CPI to measure both prices. The results reveal that remittances lead to significant appreciation of RER, and the magnitude of appreciation depends on the nature of the exchange rate policy regime. One percentage point increase in the remittance to GDP ratio leads to an appreciation of RER by 0.5 percent and 1.08 percent in the countries with the fixed


The present paper consists of an introduction, in two parts and an appendix.

The Introduction is devoted to the definition of the problem and describes, as a whole, the methods used. The close connection between choosing the set of indicators and constructing the structural scheme of the model is discussed here. The possibility for using graph theory methods for analyzing and evaluating the given set of indicators is shown.

Part I deals with the formal definition of the problem and describes graph theory algorithms employed in model structure analysis.

In Part II, brief characteristics of the models under investigation and analysis of their graph models are given. The methods suggested in the present work appeared in the analysis of three global models: World 3, Mesarovic and Pestel model and MOIRA.

In the Appendix, the sets of indicators of the graph models and the graph models themselves are given.


Selective laser melting rapid prototyping technology was employed to removable partial denture framework fabrication in order to conquer the shortages that denture framework was manufactured by traditional manufacture method using Ti or Ti alloy.Ti alloy removable partial denture framework was built by SLM system developed by ourselves and the optimal parameters gotten by a great deal of technics experiments were employed to the denture frameworks fabrication.The results showed:SLM rapid prototyping technology can fully satisfy to the needs of Ti or Ti alloy denture framework fabrication.


With the incident of the bipole trip caused by a monopole trip in the on-site commissioning of Yunnan-Guangdong high-voltage direct current(HVDC)islanded operation on May 26,2013as an example,the response characteristics of the HVDC reactive power control and generator excitation system after the monopole trip are analyzed.It is pointed out that the anti-regulation with power system stabilizer(PSS)has significantly worsened the overvoltage problem of the islanding system, and inadequate adaptability of the HVDC reactive power control for the frequency and voltage changes after a large disturbance is the direct cause of the bipole trip.The existing overvoltage controls of the islanded HVDC sending system are mainly concentrated on the converter station side,without fully utilizing the voltage control capabilities of generators.In order to better solve the temporary overvoltage problem after HVDC trips,further study on the solution to the PSS anti-regulation problem is required to bring the role of the excitation regulator into full play.The technological ideas of wide-area PSS and high voltage side voltage control are proposed and verified by simulation.


Based on an evolvable platform,evolvable hardware can realize self-reconfiguration through evolutionary algorithms to enable the system to be adaptive,self-organizing,self-repairing.The paper introduces a new evolvable platform,i.e.evolvable motherboard.The operational principle of evolvable hardware based on the evolvable platform is discussed,as well as i+s structure and features.


The relevance of the study was explained by a special public demand for the quality of legal education, ensuring compliance of the content of legal education with modern requirements of the labour market and the tasks of professional activity of lawyers. The purpose of the study was to consider methodological, research and theoretical, legislative, educational, and methodological foundations regarding the practical orientation of the educational process of training lawyers as a paradigm for reforming higher legal education and determining the forms of organising the educational process aimed at improving the quality of legal education. The methodological framework of the study was formed considering philosophical, general scientific, and special scientific methods of scientific cognition. Conceptual approaches to the introduction of possible methodological forms of organising practical training of students into the educational process of higher legal educational institutions were proposed, considering the elements of the Bologna Process and the development of a unified educational space according to the European vector of development of Ukraine. The study considered methodological, scientific and theoretical, legal, and methodological foundations for a general understanding of the practical training of law students in the educational process, its functional purpose in the context of implementing the reform of legal education as a component of legal reform in Ukraine. The study emphasised the necessity of preserving and further developing fundamental higher legal education and combine it with the established national and foreign doctrines of law and the practical orientation of the educational process as a paradigm for reforming legal education in Ukraine. It was concluded that the development of practical skills and abilities of a legal education applicant occurs in the educational process due to various forms of methodological organisation of the educational process. In particular, the authors considered the features of conducting practical classes using case methods and solving incidents, as well as binary classes, practical training, working in a law clinic, performing dual education, taking part in court debates, etc. The practical value of this study lies in the fact that it proved the advisability of preserving the national traditions of higher legal education in the educational process and introducing new, progressive forms of the educational process aimed at improving the quality of higher legal education, which would meet the requirements of the labour market and the challenges facing a modern democratic society, global development trends and tasks of professional activity of lawyers in various fields


We study the general fragmentation process starting from one element of size unity (E = 1). At each elementary step, each existing element of size E can be fragmented into k ( ⩾ 2) elements with probability pk. From the continuous time evolution equation, the size distribution function P(E; t) can be derived exactly in terms of the variable z = −log E, with or without a source term that produces with rate r additional elements of unit size. Different cases are probed, in particular when the probability of breaking an element into k elements follows a power law: pk∝k−1 − η. The asymptotic behavior of P(E; t) for small E (or large z) is determined according to the value of η. When η > 1, the distribution is asymptotically proportional to t1/4exp[−αtlogE][−logE]−3/4?> with α being a positive constant, whereas for η < 1 it is proportional to Eη−1t1/4exp[−αtlogE][−logE]−3/4?> with additional time-dependent corrections that are evaluated accurately with the saddle-point method.


Water quality is often influenced by landscape patterns in a basin. Here we collected water samples from 24 locations in Yuqiao Reservoir Basin, Tianjin, and analyzed the spatial heterogeneity of nitrogen and phosphorus in water using cluster analysis and explored its relationship with landscape spatial patterns. Spatially, these sampling points were divided into 3 groups:Group A, highly polluted sites where water quality was mostly influenced by partially industrial effluents and domestic wastewater; Group B, moderately polluted sites where water quality was mainly affected by soil erosion from orchards due to the slope; and Group C, relatively less polluted sites where the terrain is low and there was little human impact. The percentage of cropland area was positively correlated with TN, PO3-4-P and DTP, while that of construction area was positively correlated with DTP, TN, NH-N and PO3-4-P. The proportion of garden area was positively correlated with TN and NH+4-N. However, the ratio of woodland area was negatively correlated with NH+4-N(r=-0.459). At class-level, landscape indices-number of patches(NP), patch density(PD)and landscape shape index(LSI)were all positively correlated with water phosphorus.Landscape indices were good indicators of water and soil erosion. Our results show that greater fragmentation, larger diversity and more scattered distribution of landscape would cause more nutrient losses.


Aleukemic leukemia cutis (ALC) is a rare condition characterized by invasion of the skin by leukemic blasts before their appearance in the peripheral blood or bone marrow. Usually, patients are diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or lymphoblastic leukemia a few months later, which has a very poor prognosis. In July 2001, a 52-year-old woman presented with cutaneous and subcutaneous asymptomatic nodes covering the abdomen (Fig. 1). Lymph nodes, spleen, and liver were not palpable. A punch biopsy revealed a thick dermal infiltration composed of atypical mononuclear cells with a high mitotic index (Ki67 50%) that were positive for myeloperoxidase, CD43, CD117, Bcl-2, and negative for CD3, CD10, CD20, CD23, CD30, CD34, CD56, CD68, and Tdt (Fig. 2). All those findings lead to the diagnosis of a myeloid leukemia with cutaneous infiltration. A complete blood cell count, chemical analysis and bone marrow biopsy showed no pathological changes. A diagnosis of ALC was established. Treatment with idarubicin, etoposide, and thioguanine was administered, and the patient achieved complete remission after three cycles. Nevertheless, she presented several relapses from 2003 to 2007 with skin lesions without bone marrow involvement that were successfully treated with six cycles of oral idarubicin, etoposide, and thioguanine. In March 2008, following a new skin relapse, a bone marrow aspirate showed a predominance of blasts with features of AML without maturation (AML FAB-M1). Cytogenetic study showed del(7q) without other findings.


Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is an uncommon autoimmune disease with multi-system involvement that manifests as vasculitis, granulomatosis, and necrosis. While its standard form involves the upper and lower respiratory tracts and kidneys, it may essentially involve any organ. We present a case in a young female patient presenting with symptoms of cough with expectoration, fever, dyspnea and chest discomfort, having cavitating lesion in right upper lobe and nodule in left upper lobe with bilateral paranasal sinus involvement on computed tomography. Allergic rhino-sinusitis with pulmonary tuberculosis was suspected, and patient was investigated further. Upon further investigation, renal involvement was detected, and serology revealed cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. WG was suspected and was proven by histopathology of nasal tissue which revealed necrotizing granulomas.


In order to fight corruption, the state is expected to promote integrity, honesty and responsibility among its public officials in accordance with the fundamental principles of its legal systems. In a democracy all public functionaries derive their legal authority from the people, hence they are the trustees of the latter. The ethics is more than the absence of corruption as it is a positive and ideal parameter and frame of reference. Any state functions through a government that has three armsLegislature, Executive and Judiciary and there is a clear separation of powers between them. This article is an attempt to discuss the prime issues of ethics and corruption in the context of these three wings.


Effective targeted drug delivery system has been a dream for an extended time, however it's been mostly annoyed by the complicated chemistry that's concerned within the development of latest systems. Topical drug delivery system has several issues like poor porosity, skin irritation , hypersensitive reactions etc. major issues of new developed chemical entities is their poor solubility in water and pharmacokinetic problems. These poorly-water soluble medication show several issues in formulating them in typical indefinite quantity forms and therefore the crucial issues associated is its terribly low bioavailability. The invention of nanosponge has become a big step towards overcoming these issues. Nanosponge is small sponges with a few virus (250nm-1μm), which may be crammed with a good kind of medication. Nanosponge play very important role in targeting medication delivery in a very controlled manner. This sponge will flow into round the body till move with specific target site and stick on the surface and cathartic drug in controlled manner each oleophilic and deliquescent medication square measure incorporated in nanosponge vital characteristics of those sponges square measure their solubility in liquid from and appropriate for the medication with poor solubility. This review is specializing in the preparation technique, applications of nanosponge, consider the sector of drug delivery. KYEWOEDS: Nanosponge, poor solubility, polymers, synthesis preparation.


Water reclaimed is an effective solution in the shortage of urban water resource.The need of water reclaimed in Yiwu City was analyzed and the reclaimed water quantity,purpose and safeguard policies research were studied.The study had far-reaching practical significance and strategic significance on achieving the goal of eco-city construction.At the same time,the study was a reference to domestic cities with the type of water reuse planning.


This paper introduces a modular single-input and multiple-output (SIMO) converter system achieved by an input-series and output-independent (ISOI) architecture, where the input of each modular converter is connected in series while the output is independent. The system can generate multiple outputs at different power and voltage levels. The system modelling and analysis are presented. The cooperative control scheme is proposed to achieve the independent power and voltage control among different outputs. Under this control strategy, the system features a modular distributed control architecture. Each modular converter is controlled by its own on-board controller without any global information. There is no cross-regulation or communication in the system. At last, the proposed control scheme is verified through simulation and experiment on a modular SIMO system consisted of three buck converter modules.


Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Korean Healthcare Technology R&D project funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare

 CODE-AF investigator
 Background/Introduction: The characteristic of atrial fibrillation (AF), such as the risk of complications, may differ depending on the time after diagnosis.

 This study aimed to compare the baseline characteristics according to the AF diagnosis duration using a large multicenter prospective registry: CODE-AF (COmparison study of Drugs for symptom control and complication prEvention of Atrial Fibrillation).

 A total of 10,021 patients with AF were enrolled between May 2016 to March 2021. We defined patients into two groups: the newly diagnosed (AF duration less than 3 months before enrollment) and the established (AF duration more than 3 months before enrollment) AF groups. We compared the baseline characteristics and the incidence of the composite outcomes (stroke, all-bleeding, heart failure and all-cause death) during follow-up period between the two groups. The survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curve analysis with validation by log-rank test.

 Among the 10,021 patients with AF (age 67.0 ±14.5 years, female 35.7%), patients with newly diagnosed AF were 2181, and those with established AF were 7840. Two groups did not differ between sex, weight, height, and body mass index. The newly diagnosed AF group was younger with higher tobacco and alcohol consumption compared to the established AF group. The established AF group had more comorbidities at the time of enrollment. Also, CHA2DS2-VASc score (2.36 ±1.64 vs. 2.68 ±1.67, p <0.001) and HAS-BLED score (1.55 ±1.02vs. 1.86 ±1.06 p <0.001) were both higher in established AF. The newly diagnosed AF group had a lower proportion of oral anticoagulation prescription (68.6% vs. 73.0%, p <0.001), whereas prescription of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants was higher compared to those with established AF (75.7% vs. 68.9%, p <0.001) (Table). There was no significant difference in the event-free survival during the overall follow-up period on the composite outcomes. However, the newly diagnosed AF group showed a significantly higher risk of the composite outcomes within 90 days of enrollment than the established AF group (hazard ratio 2.01, 95% confidence interval 1.48 to 2.72) (Figure).

 The newly diagnosed AF group showed different characteristics compared to the established AF group. Also, the composite clinical outcomes, including stroke, bleeding, heart failure, and all-cause death, had occurred more frequently during the early period after diagnosis in the newly diagnosed AF group. For the better clinical outcome of patients with newly diagnosed AF, structured assessment and comprehensive management is needed, especially during the early period after diagnosis. Abstract Figure.


This article discussed about the implementation of Knowledge Management (KM) into organtization. KM as a tool to improve productivity of the organization, company or institution. The keyword of succes the implementation of KM is knowledge sharing. It means each people on the organization could share their opinion, ideas, critic, and comments amongs other people in its organization.


The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of Douglas Welch of Nexus Associates to this project. He was responsible for designing and administering the survey, preparing case studies, and providing critical insights into the operations of the New York MEP and other manufacturing extension programs. The material presented in this article is based on work supported by the New York Science and Technology Foundation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the New York Science and Technology Foundation. Abstract


Science subject is one of the curricular fields of study at the Elementary School (SD) level. Due to the low understanding of students towards this subject, especially the application of the inquiry method to improve student learning outcomes in class V SD Negeri 4 Kalimas, the writer makes improvements to learning. This study aims to improve students' learning outcomes and activitiesin science subjects using the inquiry method application material. After carrying out the teaching and learning activities using the inquiry method, student learning outcomes and activities have increased. This was shown from the data collected, that in the pre-cycle learning activities there are only 7 students who got a score ≥ minimun standard achievement with a class average scoreof 41.5. So the description of the data collected can be concluded that the use of the inquiry method can improve students' learning outcomes and activities in science subjects of class V SD Negeri 4 Kalimas. Thus, the inquiry method is one of the effective learning methods in improving students' learning outcomes and activities in science subjects.


The concept of interfacing brains with robots/machines has been capturing human interests for a long time. The technology of the Brain-computer interface (BCI) has been aimed at building an interface between the brain and any electronic/electrical device (such as, smart home appliance, a wheelchair, and robotics devices) with the use of the electroencephalogram (EEG) that can be defined as a non-invasive approach for the measurement of the electrical potentials from the electrodes that have been placed on the scalp, produced by the activity of the brain. Over the past years, pattern classification was a highly challenging research field. Presently, the tasks of the pattern classification. In this paper, we chose motor imagery with the use of the single trial EEG signal, the SOM has been utilized to classify the signal processing algorithm ( FICA). In comparison to other algorithms of the EEG signal analyses. It has achieved a classification accuracy of up to 88.% in comparison with the other method where the reported accuracy has been 65%. The SOM classification algorithm has been fast, simple, efficient, and easy to use. It achieved satisfactory results at the BCI.


ABSTRACT Background: People with type 2 diabetes typically require insulin treatment following failure on hypoglycaemic agents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative cost-effectiveness of insulin glargine versus NPH insulin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the UK. Insulin glargine has been shown to reduce the likelihood of hypoglycaemia and improve HbA1c in type 2 diabetes by comparison with NPH insulin. Methods: The study used a discrete event simulation model designed to forecast the costs and health outcome of a cohort of 1000 subjects over 40 years. The two main scenarios involved a difference in the likelihood of hypoglycaemia or a difference in HbA1c. Prices were in UK£ 2005 costs. Costs and benefits were discounted at 3.5% per year. Effectiveness data were pooled data from randomised clinical trials. Results: The incremental cost–effectiveness ratio of insulin glargine versus NPH insulin was £10 027 per quality adjusted life year under a differential hypoglycaemia-only scenario. The incremental cost–effectiveness ratio of insulin glargine versus NPH insulin was £13 921 per quality adjusted life year under a differential HbA1c-only scenario. In wide-ranging sensitivity analysis, the ICER was consistently below £20 000 per quality adjusted life year gained. Conclusion: This study was the first to evaluate the relative cost-effectiveness of insulin glargine versus NPH insulin. Insulin glargine resulted in significant health benefits and represents excellent value for money for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the UK.


A key aspect of our discovery platform for novel in vivo probes and drug discovery candidates is the use of informatics and curated databases of small molecules with in vivo pharmacological data (Chico et al., Nat Rev Drug Disc. 2009; Chico et al, DMD, 2009; Watterson et al., PLOS ONE 2013). The focus is on deliverables that approximate this "in vivo friendly" chemical space. The pharmaco‐ and chemo‐informatic based decision process provides a filter for compound design and initial synthetic chemistry efforts as well as termination of non‐essential synthetic efforts. Pharmacological screens on initial compounds provide project‐specific filters for recursive medicinal chemistry refinement as well as yielding insights into how structure is related to function.


We have proposed a claw pole type half-wave rectified variable field flux motor (CP-HVFM) with the rotor field winding short-circuited by a diode. And the rotor field flux can be excited and be changed from a zero to its maximum by the stator excitation current. In the previous paper, we designed CP-HVFM with iron powder core. This paper reports the evaluation of the electromagnetic field analysis and the experimental results about the influence that the excitation current gives in torque and efficiency characteristics.


A taxonomic study of the genus Scolymus Tourn. ex L. is presented. Seven taxa are recognised, two of them new to science: Scolymus hispanicus subsp. occidentalis F.M. Vazquez, subsp. nov., and S. hispanicus [subsp. hispanicus] i. decoloratus Fiori ex F.M. Vazquez,/ nov.; a new combination, S. hispanicus [subsp. hispanicus] var. aggregatus (Ruch.) F.M. Vazquez, comb. & stat. nov., is proposed. The type and full synonymy for each taxon are given. A selection of the specimens studied is presented in Appendix I. Some of the taxa are illustrated in figures.


Multicore systems have emerged as a cost-effective option for the growing demands for high-performance, low-energy computing. Thread management has long been a source of concern for developers, as overheads associated with it reduce the overall throughput of the multicore processor systems. One of the most complex problems with multicore processors is determining the optimal number of threads for the execution of multithreaded programs. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel solution based on a modified symbiotic organism search (MSOS) algorithm which is a bio-inspired algorithm used for optimization in various engineering domains. This technique uses mutualism, commensalism and parasitism behaviours seen in organisms for searching the optimal solutions in the available search space. The algorithm is simulated on the NVIDIA DGX Intel-Xeon E5-2698-v4 server with PARSEC 3.0 benchmark suit.  The results show that keeping the thread count equal to the number of processors available in the system is not necessarily the best strategy to get maximum speedup when running multithreaded programs. It was also observed that when programs are run with the optimal thread count, the execution time is substantially decreased, resulting in energy savings due to the use of fewer processors than are available in the system.


The relationship between men of letters and prostitutes in the Tang and Song Dynasties has exerted an important effect on the process of the creation of Ci.This paper attempts to make clear the factors of the culture. aesthetics and spirit in the relationship from three main aspects: the prostitute system in the then society and the quality of the prostitutes themselves; the cultural style and features of the association that the creators of Ci had with the prostitutes; the affective attitude of the creators of Ci to the prostitutes.


Mechanical engineering curricula typically include courses in classical mechanics and continuum mechanics. Classical mechanics is governe d by the Newtonian axioms, which lead to ordinary differential equations as the equations f motion. The mathematical description of continuum mechanics, on the other hand, is based on partial differential equations, describing the conservation laws and the constitutive relation s. The underlying theories of ordinary and partially differential equations are usually covere d in different mathematics courses, and a typical approach to a first discussion of partial d ifferential equations in engineering mathematics is the heuristic derivation of the tran sversal wave equation of a vibrating string. Another approach, the continuum limit of the loaded string, leads to the one-dimensional longitudinal wave equation. Both approaches start from the ordinary differentia l equations of Newtonian mechanics and lead to partial differential equations of continuum mechanics. The advantage of the continuum limit of a chain of masses connected by s prings is that it is easily comprehensible for students and, in addition, many materials respo nd t small perturbations just as if they were a system of coupled oscillators. This harmonic scillator response to perturbations leads in a continuum model to the appearance of wave phen om a. For the visualization of such wave phenomena, a com puter program that simulates a twodimensional spring-mass system has been developed w ithin an undergraduate student project. The model consists of a rectangular lattice of regu larly spaced point masses connected to each other and to the rigid boundary by a network of mas sless springs. The force on each mass is computed due to its spring connections with its nei ghbors, along with external forces such as gravity. Energy dissipation can be added to the mod el n demand by viscoelastic damping. The motion of each particle is governed by Newton's second law, which requires the solution of a system of coupled ordinary differential equati ons. This is done in the C# programming language via a variety of implemented numerical int egration schemes. The computer program allows the visualization of the motion of the point masses, which can be initiated by the displacement of an arbitrary number of masses via m ouse drag. The motion of a single mass connected by springs to the adjacent walls closely resembles the behavior of the well-known harmonic oscillator. The introduction of additional masses brings particle interaction into effect, which leads to en ergy transfer in the system. When the number of involved mass points is increased, the moving pa rticles increasingly appear to the observer as a continuous system. This is due to a scale chan ge that links the microstructure of coupled particles with the macroscopic behavior of a contin uous material, which includes wave behavior like interference effects. The dynamic vis ual output of the program can increase and enhance understanding of various wave phenomena and is therefore well suited as both a teaching aid and an analysis tool.


In this paper, mathematically simplified steering system models(Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ) are derived and proved. Model I shows the relationship between steering system support stiffness and steering system(column, wheel & shaft etc.) stiffness and model Ⅱ, Ⅲ are introduced to know vibration characteristic factor effect in the steering support stiffness.


Studies on the capability for repair of UV-induced DNA damage (Das et al., 1981) and repression of alkaline phosphatase (APase) (Roy et al., 1982) in Vibrio cholerae indicated that these properties might be dependent on the conditions of maintenance of the culture. It is generally observed that the virulence of pathogenic strains of classical vibrios and the amount of enterotoxin produced by them are reduced during laboratory maintenance (Craig, 197 1). Animal passage of laboratory strains enhances both vimlence and the level of toxin production, taking advantage of the selective mechanisms operating in uiuo (Wilson & Miles, 1975). Although several investigators have postulated that enterotoxin production might have an important role in the physiology of classical vibrios (Honda & Finkelstein, 1979; Richards & Douglas, 1978; Ganguly & Greenough, 1975), no systematic work has yet been reported on the phenotypic changes occurring during laboratory maintenance of strains when the enterotoxin production decreases. It is in this context that the present report compares enterotoxin production, the capability for dark repair of UV-induced damage to DNA and the stability of APase in three laboratory strains of V. cholerae before and after animal passage. The results presented show that during laboratory maintenance, DNA repair capabilities and the stability of APase were reduced along with the reduction in the toxinogenicity of strain 569B. These properties could be restored by animal passage of the strain. For comparison, similar studies were performed using nontoxinogenic strain EW6 and mildly toxinogenic strain 154.


A several-fold increase in the surface brightness of the scattered light component of the southern Herbig-Haro object HH46 took place between January 1984 and May 1986. A more subtle change in the shape of the nebula also occurred in that a small region, formerly only prominent in the infrared, is now the brightest part of the reflection nebula in visible red light. The change is due either to a flaring of the adjacent but still invisible young stellar object or to a partial clearing of the dust which still surrounds it. In May 1987, the nebula still appeared bright suggesting that the change may be a long-term one.


PURPOSE: A VOC(Volatile Organic Compound) reducing device for a liquid cargo storage tank is provided to reduce VOC when a sudden pressure drop at the top of a vertical pipe is achieved when loading liquid cargo. CONSTITUTION: A VOC reducing device comprises an upper horizontal pipe(20), a vertical pipe(30), a lower horizontal pipe(40), a main pipe(110), an auxiliary pipe(120), a first valve(114), and a second valve(124). The main pipe is extended from the front end of the lower horizontal pipe. The auxiliary pipe is branched from the lower horizontal pipe or the vertical pipe. The first and second valves are installed in the main pipe and the auxiliary pipe, respectively. The resistance against the flow of liquid cargo in the auxiliary pipe is larger than the main pipe. The first and second valves are selectively operated according to the level of the liquid cargo in a liquid cargo storage tank.


Objective of the current research was to evaluate the effects of crossbreeding the French Lacaune breed with Romanian indigenous Turcana sheep on milk production traits in crossbred ewes. Milk yield in Turcana ewes was on average 77.98±2.73 kg, with limits ranging between 64.67kg and 92.01kg. While in the F1 Lacaune x Turcana, the average milk production was of 109.04±4.70 kg, with limits ranging between 89.23kg and 129.76kg. The F1 Lacaune x Turcana ewes outperformed significantly (p 0.05) on the fat percentage from milk. Current results show that by using Lacaune rams for crossbreeding with the unimproved Turcana, the progeny will have significantly higher milk yields, and thus, the farm returns could be much improved in sheep enterprises that practice the semi-intensive pasture-based farming system. Thus, current results should be advertised to both farmers and the breeders associations, in order for the sheep farmers to take advantage of the breed complementarity found between the specialized Lacaune and the local Turcana.


Majorization-minimization (MM) is a family of optimization methods that iteratively reduce a loss by minimizing a locally-tight upper bound, called a majorizer. Traditionally, majorizers were derived by hand, and MM was only applicable to a small number of well-studied problems. We present optimizers that instead derive majorizers automatically, using a recent generalization of Taylor mode automatic differentiation. These universal MM optimizers can be applied to arbitrary problems and converge from any starting point, with no hyperparameter tuning.


Newton's laws have engendered much discussion over several centuries. Today, the internet is awash with a plethora of information on this topic. We find many references to Newton's laws, often discussions of various types of misunderstandings and ways to explain them. Here we present an intriguing example that shows an assumption hidden in Newton's third law that is often overlooked. As is well known, the first law defines an inertial frame of reference and the second law determines the acceleration of a particle in such a frame due to an external force. The third law describes forces exerted on each other in a two-particle system, and allows us to extend the second law to a system of particles. Students are often taught that the three laws are independent. Here we present an example that challenges this assumption. At first glance, it seems to show that, at least for a special case, the third law follows from the second law. However, a careful examination of the assumptions demonstrates that is not quite the case. Ultimately, the example does illustrate the significance of the concept of mass in linking Newton's dynamical principles.


Let L\subset V=\bR^{k,l} be a maximally isotropic subspace. It is shown that any simply connected Lie group with a bi-invariant flat pseudo-Riemannian metric of signature (k,l) is 2-step nilpotent and is defined by an element \eta \in \Lambda^3L\subset \Lambda^3V. If \eta is of type (3,0)+(0,3) with respect to a skew-symmetric endomorphism J with J^2=\e Id, then the Lie group {\cal L}(\eta) is endowed with a left-invariant nearly K\"ahler structure if \e =-1 and with a left-invariant nearly para-K\"ahler structure if \e =+1. This construction exhausts all complete simply connected flat nearly (para-)K\"ahler manifolds. If \eta \neq 0 has rational coefficients with respect to some basis, then {\cal L}(\eta) admits a lattice \Gamma, and the quotient \Gamma\setminus {\cal L}(\eta) is a compact inhomogeneous nearly (para-)K\"ahler manifold. The first non-trivial example occurs in six dimensions.


Residual stresses develop in thin film interconnects mainly as a result of deposition conditions and multiple thermal loading cycles during the manufacturing flow. Understanding the relation between the distribution of residual stress and the interconnect microstructure is of key importance to manage the nucleation and growth of defects that can lead to failure under reliability testing and use conditions. Dislocation dynamics simulations are performed in nanocrystalline copper subjected to cyclic loading to quantify the distribution of residual stresses as a function of grain misorientation and grain size distribution. The outcomes of this work help to evaluate the effect of microstructure in thin films failure by identifying potential voiding sites. Furthermore, the simulations show how dislocation structures are influenced by texture and grain size distribution that affect the residual stress. For example, when dislocation loops reach the opposite grain boundary during loading, these dislocations remain locked during unloading.


This research belongs to a descriptive qualitative study, which describes the phenomena of the translation of adverb in the novel A Stranger in the Mirror by Sydney Sheldon into Indonesian version Sosok Asing dalam Cermin by Hidayat
Saleh. The objectives of the study are to describe the types of translation used to translate the sentence containing adverb with suffix-ly in the novel, to identify the variations of translation shift of adverb in the novel, and to describe the appropriateness of the translation of adverb in the novel. The data of this research are all sentences containing adverb with suffix-ly found in the last twenty chapters in the novel A Stranger in the Mirror. The method of analysis in this study is comparison between source language (SL) and target language (TL). The result of the study shows that all collected data are classified into three types of translations, they are 7 or 6,0 % data are translated into word-forword translation, and 110 or 94,0 % data are classified into literal translation. The
variation of translation shifts of adverb in the novel A Stranger in the Mirror can be translated into Indonesian adverb, adjective phrase, Adjective, Verb, Verb Phrase, and untranslated. The study shows that there are 82 or 70,1 % data are translated into adverb, 28 or 23,9 % data are translated into Adjective, 3 or 2,6 % are translated into adjective phrase, 1 or 0,9 % datum is translated into Verb, 1 or 0,9 % datum are translated into Verb Phrase, and 2 or 1,7 % data are not translated in the TL. The English-Indonesian translation of adverb in the novel A Stranger in
the Mirror is appropriate. It can be known from 117 data, they are 102 or 87,2 % are translated appropriately in accordance with the context, and 15 data or 12,8 %
data which are translated inappropriately in accordance with the context. The inappropriate translation of the adverb in the novel A Stranger in the Mirror caused by the important thing in the sentence is not translated. It means that there is a part of sentence is omitted. Considering the result of the analysis, the researcher guides that the level of appropriateness of the sentence containing
adverb with suffix-ly in the novel A Stranger in the Mirror, i.e. Sosok Asing dalam Cermin is very good. The researcher hope that this research will be useful
in adding the about literary translation.


IN COMMON with other branches of medicine there has been a profound upheaval in the practice of the specialty of dermatology during recent years. Several of the more important advances will serve to illustrate the general trend. It is now agreed that those confining their practice to dermatology must have a good working knowledge of almost all other branches of medicine and be particularly well grounded in internal medicine. General practitioners and specialists in other fields also have a frequent opportunity to observe pathologic changes in the skin; there appears to be less tendency now to ignore such disorders or to consider them trivial and of no consequence. The astute and well trained observer has an excellent opportunity to observe changes in the skin that may have farreaching effects in the internal economy. Physicians should be aware of the importance of many skin conditions. It should be particularly kept in mind that apparently innocent lesions may actually be a threat to life. For instance, a recent patient exhibited a lesion present for 15 years and localized to approximately one-half the nail bed of one finger. During the preceding few weeks there was some increase in size. The lesion was non-pigmented, slightly exudative and was asymptomatic. In spite of the atypical appear-


For cultivating the talents in application technology field,the teaching of "experiment of electronic circuit" in independent college is analyzed.Some beneficial exploration and reform were conducted in three aspects,such as enriching teaching content for training creativity;questioning in the teaching process,and reasonable arrangement of examination etc.


In literature, it has been widely accepted that knowledge management (KM) success ratio in private companies depends on the corporate size and type of industries. However, there are few studies concerning the procedures about building knowledge management system in state-run corporations. Especially. as the Korean Government advocated the slogan saying. The Strong Nation with Knowledge and Information, the need to investigate the knowledge management case about state-run corporations instead of private companies becomes more urgent. In this respect, this paper is aimed at introducing how knowledge management system has been successfully incorporated in KAMCO, and summarizing several fact findings which are deemed noteworthy for other similar studies.


It's provided a selection of basis on Xe-lamp sources of output full spectrum of solar simulator by inducing light-emitting principle, spectral characteristics, power calculation and so on. than combined with the test result by spectrometer is presented evaluation method of spectroscopy. At last It summarized the methods of Xe-lamp source installation and accessories use.


How to obtain a high accuracy in the pipeline inspection with ultrasonic wave technique for the thin wall pipe is a problem to be solved. In the light of this problem,take the inspection of Cangzhou-Tianjin Oil Pipeline as an example,this paper introduces the selection principle of ultrasonic wave inspector and probe, preparation before inspection and waveform recognition, puts forward requirements on laboratory experiment and site inspection about this technique.


In order to study the effects of active and semi-active technologies on pantograph performances,dynamic models for sliding mode active and semi-active control of pantographs are established.Based on the models,dynamic performances of the high-speed pantograph-catenary system under passive control,sliding mode active control,and sliding mode semi-active control are simulated using software Simulink.The influences of active control and semi-active control on the dynamic performances and current-receiving quality of the pantograph-catenary system are analyzed.The results show that the pantograph-catenary vibration can be suppressed effectively by the sliding mode active or semi-active control strategies,with a vibration magnitude reduction of 10% to 20%.The pantograph semi-active control is characterized by low external energy demand,unconditional stability of the control process,close effect to the active control,and will become an important method to improve the vibration performance of pantographs in high-speed conditions.


Beckmann rearrangement of Δ4-6-hydroxyimino steroids gave solely the products of vinyl migration. Compounds having a 3-hydroxy or 3-acetoxy group suffer elimination of the substituent during the reaction.


Objective To study the natural infection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Achatina fulica and Ampullaria gigas from Zhaoqing city of Guangdong Province.Method 255 of Achatina fulica and 315 of Ampullaria gigas from the city were examined with digestion method,then the infective larvae from the snails were used to infect mice.Result The infection rate and average infectiosity(No.3rd-stage larva/snail)of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Achatina fulica were 12.55% and 15.66,in Ampullaria gigas were 10.79% and 41.65 respectively.Fourth stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis were found in brain of the infected mice and there was specific IgM in sera of all infected mice.Conclusion There are infection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Achatina fulica and Ampullaria gigas from Zhaoqing City.The two kinds of snails may have equal important role in transmission of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the district.


A part for inhalation devices, the component has a first end and a second end for connection to the body of the inhaler. Path extends within the component from the first end to flow inhalants to the second end. The first end portion includes a blind cavity which is separate from the route, including the organoleptic materials. And such inhalation device having a second end that is configured to accommodate a first end portion and inhalants generating components connected to the component is also disclosed inhalation device. Conduit extends through the body between the first and second ends.


The problem of trajectory planning and control design for underactuated mechanicalsystems is a nontrivial task due to the presence of passive degrees of freedom in them. Inthis thesis, the virtual ...


B 1952 and 1968, world trade increased nearly three times. During this period, the trade turnover of all the developing countries taken together nearly doubled itself. However, India's foreign trade increased by barely 42 per cent over these years. Indeed, the rate of growth of the Indian economy has been faster than the growth rate of India's foreign trade. While the overall rate of growth attained in India over these years was 3.5 per cent per annum, the growth rate of foreign trade in terms of value was only 2 per cent. As a result, exports as a percentage of India's national income declined from 5.3 per cent in 1952-53 to 4.1 per cent in 1967-68.


This paper presents the evaluation of the pilot of a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) called Understanding Dementia. The business case identified potential benefits of: ability to deliver high quality expert knowledge about dementia on an international scale; a dataset for dementia research of international perspectives on dementia care; enhanced reputation of the University and providing a pathway to traditional course for non-traditional students. The development team used a design-based research approach guided by the evaluation-research framework for e-learning and the concept of an 'e-learning life cycle' in (Phillips et al. 2012). The paper describes the evaluation-research design and results for the pilot phase. It shows how data analysis from the pilot informed the pedagogical and technical aspects of the learning design for the first full release and the value of a planned, evaluation research approach informing design from pilot to maturity.


. The article presents the positive qualities of textile and round-row slings, describes the materials from which they are made, as well as deformation and mechanical characteristics. Conditions and requirements for load-handling devices are specified. Thanks to the development of the production of high-strength synthetic fibers, the use of textile slings has become available for both large factories and small enterprises. Currently, textile slings are becoming more and more popular load-grabbing devices. The ease, flexibility and high load capacity of this type of sling allows you to solve many tasks in the field of lifting and moving loads, which until recently were considered impossible. Textile slings Textile belt slings purpose cargo slings on a textile basis".


Boosting is one of the most well-known and effective techniques in machine learning. The success of using boosting for training a face detector [28] has paved the way of using boosting for training object detectors and made it widely used in computer vision. In this work we present a new framework for fast and automatic detection of vehicle license plate based on boosting learning algorithm. Beside the traditional Haar-like features, we propose to use local binary pattern (LBP) feature for its robust and discriminative power. The boosting classifiers are trained on these features and then combined in an efficient way to achieve high performance. An intensive set of experiments have been conducted. The results show that the classifier with LBP outperform that of Haar-like in the same scenario for the license plate detection problem. By combining them in an reasonable way, our proposed system can perform in real time for detection of license plates with the accuracy up to 100%, outperform state-of-the-art approaches.


This paper shows the mathematical modeling of heat and mass transfer in transient state of cylindrical bars of low carbon steel subjected to carburizing process. The model solution for the two phenomena was performed using a one-dimensional analysis in the radius direction, using the numerical method of finite differences; also a sensitivity analysis by varying the coefficient of convective heat transfer (h) is performed. The modeling results show that this carburization steel is strongly dependent on h. These results suggest that if it can increase the value of h in this kind of process could reduce the time of process for this heat treatment. Additionally, an experimental procedure was established by carburization of a steel AISI SAE 1010, which develops cementing solid phase and the specimen steel and micrographic hardness profiles obtained from samples of the specimen analysis was performed, to determine the penetration depth of the carbon and validate this result over the values obtained by the computer model.


The article deals with experimental investigation of the influence of openings orientation on the punching resistance of flat slabs. Within the experiments, two isolated fragments of flat slabs were tested. Both specimens were weakened by two symmetrically placed openings with dimensions of 240 mm × 150 mm adjusted to the shorter side of the elongated column with cross-section of 950 mm × 150 mm. The specimens differed from each other by the orientation of the openings in relation to the support. In addition to the comparison of deformations, the actual control perimeter lengths of the tested specimens were calculated based on the results. Compared to the theoretical lengths of the control perimeters according to EC2, the reduction of the control perimeter appears to be conservative.


The invention relates to the field of system monitoring, and especially relates to a PetriNet-based system operation and maintenance monitoring method and a PetriNet-based system operation and maintenance monitoring system. The method comprises the following steps: a system needing to be monitored is selected, a model is established layer by layer according to the idea of PetriNet, and properties are configured; the established model is verified, the model is modified step by step until the model is correct if the model does not pass verification, and the established model is stored in a database; the established model is acquired from the database, the model is instantiated on one or more servers, and the instance is started and run on the servers; the servers return the running state and parameters of the instance in real time and store the running state and parameters of the instance in the database; and the running state of the instance on the one or more servers is acquired from the database and displayed in real time, and an alarm prompt is issued when an instance fault is found. The running situation of a plurality of complex systems can be monitored in an automated mode, and a variety of faults of a related host system can be timely found and accurately positioned.


Jakarta has been experiencing land subsidence for ten years due toerecting weight building and intensive extraction of groundwater for society drink water through ground water wells. Many groundwater extraction for drinkingwater has caused intensive scouring of land rock and further triggering land subsidence developed widely in coastal area of Jakarta. Measurement of the land subsidence has been performed by various experts and institutes. Between 1974 to 2010 subsidence has happened between 3 to 4.1 meters especially in Jakarta coastal area. Two major causes of the subsidence are identified. The first major cause is a result of erecting weight building such as hotels, appartments, and various human activities buildings. The second major cause is extracting ground water from aquifers bellow Jakarta land due to water deep wells down to the aquifer and traditional shallow water well of shallow or subsurface uncovered ground water. Weighter building and higher debit of water flow from deep water wells has fastened and deepened the land subsidence. Continuous measurement of land subsidence by means of geodetic as well as geophysical earth behaviour measurements need to be performed to monitor the rate, location as well as mapping of the land subsidence.


High-performance integrated circuits (ICs) require extremely low impedance power distribution. The low voltage, high current requirements of these devices must be provided by decoupling capacitors very close to the IC. Currently this decoupling is provided by discrete surface mount capacitors with relatively high parasitic inductance, requiring many devices in parallel to provide low impedance at high frequencies. Thin film, large area tantalum pentoxide (TaO) dielectric capacitors exhibit very low parasitic inductance, but have been limited in capacitance density to 100nF/cm for single layer devices. Multilayer thin film capacitors can substantially increase the available capacitance. These multilayer thin film capacitors can be fabricated in a variety of ways, allowing them to be embedded between FR-4 layers, under ICs, or even embedded in IC packages. We previously described the initial results of two-layer capacitors fabricated on silicon . These devices had two dielectric layers and three copper plates. Recently we extended the technology to three dielectric layers, and fabricated devices with dielectrics as thin as 1000, to yield a total capacitance density of 0.6F/cm. Capacitors were fabricated on silicon wafers by sputtering a metal plate topped with tantalum, and then wet anodizing the tantalum layer. The process was repeated to create a multilayer stack. The stack was then patterned from top to bottom by successive lithographic and etching steps. This paper will describe the fabrication process in detail. Detailed electrical properties for the resulting two and three layer devices, such as capacitance density, leakage current, breakdown voltage, and impedance will be presented. Using the three-layer process, we fabricated devices for inclusion in a 3-D electronic assembly for a DARPA program, and these devices will be described. Screening and test methods to ensure device reliability will be briefly discussed.


The concept of asymptotic stability is studied for a class of dissipative semi-linear infinite-dimensional Banach state space systems with nonlinearity defined on a convex subset of the state space. Stability criteria are established, which are based on a weaker technical condition of the m-dissipativity. These theoretical results are applied to a class of transport-reaction processes. Different types of nonlinearity are studied by adapting the criteria given in the early portions of the paper.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of producing terephthalic acid from para-xylene, which includes preparing a mixture comprising para-xylene, a solvent, a bromine source, a catalyst and optionally ammonium acetate; and oxidising the para-xylene by bringing the mixture into contact with an oxidising agent in oxidative conditions to obtain a solid oxidation product, where said solid oxidation product comprises terephthalic acid, 4-carboxybenzaldehyde and para-toluic acid; where the solvent comprises a carboxylic acid having 1-7 carbon atoms, dialkylimidazole ionic liquid and optionally water, under the condition that the ratio of the ionic liquid to carboxylic acid in said solvent is in the range of 1:10 to 10:1 by weight; and where the catalyst contains at least one of the following elements: cobalt, titanium, manganese, chromium, copper, nickel, vanadium, iron, molybdenum, tin, cerium and zirconium. EFFECT: method enables to control content of different impurities in the solid oxidation product. 16 cl, 1 tbl, 9 ex


Death is the last experience of all human life, and it is the crisis that comes with the greatest sorrow for the remaining family. Therefore, funeral ceremonies can be solemn and meaningful events and at the same time, minor differences and mistakes can be the cause of great conflicts among family members or community members. Korean society has recognized 'burial' as the main interment method. Since 1990, however, 'cremation' has been increasing due to environmental and economic causes.
In Korean Christian society, the idea that 'burial' is biblical and consistent with Christian tradition has been dominant for a long time, but theological discussion about interment methods are actively proceeding according to the influence of social change. On the other hand, the Adventist Church in Korea has not been discussing funeral culture. The purpose of this study is to collect opinions regarding deaths and funerals of Korean Adventist Church members for further theological discussions.
According to the findings of this study, Korean Adventists prefer 'cremation', like other Korean people. However, since the preference for 'burial' is still high in the older age group, the study suggested that on the denominational level dialogue between the generations should be coordinated with the concept of interment methods and prepare a ritual manual, funeral facilities, and sites for 'cremation'.


The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has a plan to move away from fee-for-service reimbursement to a global payment system, under which providers receive a risk-adjusted payment per person. However, not everyone is as optimistic about the approach as Atrius Health's Gene Lindsey, left, who says "Global payment can work, and it can work beautifully".


The Coral Reefs of Cuba. III. Cross-bar Reef and Coral Terrace, Two Related Phenomenona of the Bank Reef Los arrecifes de corales de Cuba. III. Arrecife de tranca y terraza de corales, dos fenomenos parientes del arrecife banco

Aqualungs were used for the study of the coral reefs of Cuba, about which comparatively little has been known so far. Their small dimensions and their position close to the coastline or in the central part of the island plateau, instead of along the shelf edge, can be attributed to the inhibiting and delaying influence of glacial periods. The different types of reefs and other coral habitats originated as a result of geological, hydrological and biological factors, while the formation of coral associations was dependent on the prevailing physical and chemical features of the environment. The following is a description of the cross-bar reef and the coral terrace, two coral habitats. The present work continues earlier articles related to the subject and published in this periodical.


Billion of people create trillions of connections through social media every single day. The increasing use of social media has led to dramatic changes in the of way science, government, healthcare, entertainment and enterprise operate. Large-scale participation in Technology-Mediated Social Participation (TMSP) system has opened up incredible new opportunities to deploy online crowd. This descriptive-correlational research used social network analysis (SNA) on data gathered from Fanpage Facebook of Greenpeace Indonesia related to important critical issues, the bushfires in 2015. SNA identifies relations on each member by sociometrics parameter such as three centrality (degree, closeness and betweenesse) for measuring and finding the most important actor in the online community. This paper use Fruchterman Rein-gold algorithm to visualize the online community in a graph, while Clauset-Newman-Moore is a technique to identify groups in community. As the result found 3735 vertices related to actors, 6927 edges as relation, 14 main actors in size order and 22 groups in Greenpeace Indonesia online community. This research contributes to organize some information for Greenpeace Indonesia managing their potency in online community to identify human behaviour.