Segmentation is one of the most common methods for analyzing and processing medical images, assisting doctors in making accurate diagnoses by providing detailed information about the required body part. However, segmenting medical images presents a number of challenges, including the need for medical professionals to be trained, the fact that it is time-consuming and prone to errors. As a result, it appears that an automated medical image segmentation system is required. Deep learning algorithms have recently demonstrated superior performance for segmentation tasks, particularly semantic segmentation networks that provide a pixel-level understanding of images. U- Net for image segmentation is one of the modern complex networks in the field of medical imaging; several segmentation networks have been built on its foundation with the advancements of Recurrent Residual convolutional units and the construction of recurrent residual convolutional neural network based on U-Net (R2U-Net). R2U-Net is used to perform trachea and bronchial segmentation on a dataset of 36,000 images. With a variety of experiments, the proposed segmentation resulted in a dice-coefficient of 0.8394 on the test dataset. Finally, a number of research issues are raised, indicating the need for future improvements.


Summary Effects of temperature on the rate of germination, measured as the reciprocal of the time taken for half the population to germinate, were studied in cineraria cvs Cindy Blue and Cindy Dark Red. The base, optimum and maximum temperatures for germination were derived respectively as 1.6, 24.8 and 37.8°C in cv. Cindy Blue, close to Tb = 1.9, To = 24.5 and Tm = 38.4°C in cv. Cindy Dark Red. All seeds of each cultivar had a common base temperature but needed different thermal times to germinate. Seed of cv. Cindy Dark Red began to germinate after ca. 30°Cd compared with 35°Cd required by cv. Cindy Blue. A thermal time of ca. 50°Cd was required for half the population to germinate in each cultivar and the thermal requirement for germination fraction >0.5 was similar in both cultivars. The base and maximum temperatures for germination were similar to those determined previously for leaf initiation and flower development.


This paper presents a procedure to integrate the material fracture resistance, quantified by the experimentally measured J-R curve, in the fracture representation of welded tubular joints. This method incorporates a validated η-approach to estimate the elastic-plastic crack driving forces for f atigue cracks initiated at hot-spot locations of the welded tubular joints. The proposed sc aling approach predicates on the fundamental assumption that the fracture resistance measured from the J-R curve, with a small a nd limited amount of crack extension, characterizes the material fracture resistance independent of the specimen geometry. The maximum crack extension allowed in the material testing standard marks the transferability limit of the material J-R curve to the w elded joints. The extension of the fatigue crack in the welded joint leads to an increasing fracture resistance and a decreasing lo ad resistance due to the increased crack area. The validation of this approach utilizes load-deformation responses from two sc ales of experimental specimens: 1) the large-scale welded tubular connection with a fatigue pre-crack; and 2) the large-scale f rame test with predominantly fracture failure at the welded tubular joint. The load-deformation relationship based on the p roposed scheme presents a close agreement with the experimentally recorded load-deformation behavior of the welded tubular joints. The proposed approach, when integrated into the push-over analyses of the large-scale tubular frames, presents an accurate esti mation on the deformation level at which unstable fracture failure occurs and a conservative prediction of the corresponding failure load.


Abstract : Fibroblasts from canine vocal fold tissue have been isolated and maintained in culture. These cells express vimentin and a-smooth muscle actin, the characteristic marker of myofibroblast differentiation. Elastin production by vocal fold fibroblasts was compared to that of skin fibroblasts. The effects of transforming growth factor-Beta and hydrocortisone on elastin production were examined. Vocal fold fibroblasts in culture have a high elastogenic capacity compared to skin fibroblasts, and their elastin production can be enhanced by hydrocortisone (1.3uM) and TCF-Beta (10ng/ml). We conclude that the cells within the vocal fold are myofibroblastic in nature, and have high elastogenic potential in vitro. We suggest that connective tissue remodelling may be a continuous process in the vocal fold.


Due to the difference between web page and plain text document, the concept of web object is introduced in this paper. Besides, the supposed state transition and the emission symbol conditions are improved based on Pseudo two dimension hidden Markov model (P2D-HMM), and a novel web objects information extraction method is proposed. Finally, through an example, it shows that the proposed method has a very high precision for web objects information extraction


There are two main opinions on study of the Tus origin.One is Tuyuhun,anotherisMongolia.The paper generalized some focus questions in their debating,such asTus language.hor adscriptionand the Tus ethicalname,andso on.


Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of rifaximin in treatment of acute bacterial enteropathy. Methods Two hundred and twenty-eight patients were recruited into the randomized, double blind,parallel control study. For rifaximin groups, 1 tablet of rifaximin (0.2 g) and 2 simulated tablets of ciprofloxacin (0.5 g) were taken in the first and third time; 1 tablet of rifaximin (0.2 g) was taken in the second and fourth time. For ciprofloxacin groups, 2 tablets of ciprofloxacin (0.5 g) and 1 simulated tablet of rifaximin (0.2 g) were taken in the first and third time; 1 simulated tablet of rifaximin (0.2 g) was taken in the second and fourth time. Three days per course and four times daily for both groups. Results For patients of acute bacterial enteropathy, rifaximin (116 cases) had an effective rate of 87.9%, ciprofloxacin (112 cases) had a rate of 89.3%. No remarkable difference both in efficacy or safety and in severe adverse reaction was found. Conclusion Compared with ciprofloxacin, rifaximin has the same efficacy and safety in treatment of acute bacterial enteropathy.


Introduction: The gummy smile is characterized by the extensive display of gingiva when smiling and ends up unfavoring the aesthetic aspect, generating dissatisfaction in many patients. This gingival disharmony has several etiologies and, taking into account that each individual presents their uniqueness, it is essential that the dentist knows the cause of each clinical situation, so that an effective, specific and respective treatment plan can be elaborated to the patient's complaint. Objective: The present work aimed to present, through a case report, a gummy smile treatment using the "Flapless" technique. Case report: A 20-year-old female patient sought care in the undergraduate course in dentistry at the Centro Universitário da Serra Gaúcha – FSG, complaining of a gummy smile. The proposed treatment plan was a gingival surgery, using the "Flapless" technique, associated with the application of botulinum toxin, which would intensify the result of the gummy smile correction. However, after the surgical healing, the patient approved the result of the procedure and chose to end the treatment. Conclusion: Based on the clinical case presented, it was possible to conclude that gingival surgery through de Flapless technique was effective for the correction of the gingival smile, the patient obtained the desire result, without the need to associate other techniques to achieve the aesthetics of the smile.


San-Francisco in the US and Natal in Brazil are two coastal cities which are known rather for its tech scene and natural beauty than for its criminal activities. We analyze characteristics of the urban environment in these two cities, deploying a machine learning model to detect categories and hotspots of criminal activities. We propose an extensive set of spatio-temporal & urban features which can significantly improve the accuracy of machine learning models for these tasks, one of which achieved Top 1% performance on a Crime Classification Competition by kaggle.com. Extensive evaluation on several years of crime records from both cities show how some features — such as the street network — carry important information about criminal activities.


Many cybersecurity strategies within and beyond Europe refer to developing effective cyber resilience, but without adequately defining and deconstructing what resilience is, what it looks like at different stages, and the preconditions and governance forms required to achieve it. Approaches to cybersecurity thus far have been theoretically and conceptually eclectic – utilising traditional and critical theories of International Relations (IR) and concepts such as cyber power. This chapter will – in line with the main purpose of this book – draw on existing theorisations of cybersecurity more broadly, and add to them through interrogating resilience and security governance in order to create a holistic approach to assessing the evolution of the European Union's (EU) ecosystem for cybersecurity governance. Moreover, it will seek to provide a frame of reference for not only understanding the 'Internet interconnection system' (ENISA 2011c) but more specifically the conditions that can potentially lead to cybersecurity as resilience across the European space. Furthermore, this chapter will explore and define the concepts of resilience and security governance and delineate how they will be operationalised in analysing EU cybersecurity. The aim will be to fuse the literature on resilience and security governance in order to construct and establish a security as resilience approach. This will allow the characterisation of emerging governance in the EU Cybersecurity Strategy and more importantly, how this equates to achieving an effective security as resilience in Europe. Whilst such a frame no doubt has synergies with existing conceptual work, it will also add to such literature, not least by introducing different understandings of resilience through which cybersecurity governance can be understood and assessed.


Flow past a dual step cylinder has been investigated using experimental flow visualization methods. The dual step cylinder model is comprised of a small diameter cylinder (d) and a large diameter cylinder (D) mounted at the mid-span of the small cylinder. The experiments have been performed for ReD = 1050, D/d = 2, and a range of large cylinder aspect ratios (L/D). The focus of the study is on vortex shedding and vortex interactions occurring in the large and small cylinder wakes. A flow visualization study completed using hydrogen bubble technique and planar laser induced fluorescence has shown that the flow development is highly dependent on the aspect ratio of the large cylinder, L/D. The results identify four distinct flow regimes: (i) for L/D ≥ 17, three vortex shedding cells form in the wake of the large cylinder, one central cell and two cells of lower frequency extending over about 4.5D from the large cylinder ends, (ii) for 7 < L/D ≤ 14, a single vortex shedding cell forms in the wake of the large cylinder, whose shedding frequency decreases with decreasing L/D, (iii) for 2 ≤ L/D ≤ 7, vortex shedding in the wake of the large cylinder is highly three-dimensional, such that each vortex deforms while it is shed into the wake, (iv) for 0.2 ≤ L/D ≤ 1, only small cylinder vortices are shed in the wake and often form vortex connections across the wake of the large cylinder.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


This paper addresses the status and formation of [non-Adj] sequences in French, such as non occupe 'non-occupied', non effacable 'non-erasable'. These sequences can be compared to two other types of negative constructions which are built in morphology, namely [non-N]N (e.g. non occupation, non violence) and [in-Adj] (e.g. inoccupe 'unoccupied', ineffacable 'unerasable'). Taking as a starting point the observation made by Gaatone (1971, 1987) that [non-Adj] have syntactic properties which differ from that of [in-Adj], I use authentic data drawn from different corpora to determine whether [non-Adj] are formed in morphology or in syntax, and I attempt to provide a constructional account (Goldberg, 1995; Croft, 2001; Booij, 2010) of these sequences.


The utility model discloses a special jig for burring, which comprises a motor and a base. The special jig for burring is characterized in that a slide rail capable of sliding back and forth is arranged on the base, and the distance from a workpiece to a cutter can be adjusted by aids of back and forth sliding of the slide rail. A fixed plate is arranged on the slide rail, a slide way is arranged on the upper portion of the fixed plate, a moving plate is disposed on the slide way, a rotating shaft is arranged on one side of the slide way which is adjacent to two sides of the sliding direction of the moving plate, the cutter is arranged at the front end of the rotating shaft and faces to one edge of the moving plate, a supporting plate is arranged outside the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft penetrates through the rear end of the supporting plate, and a belt pulley is arranged at the rear end of the rotating shaft connected with a motor spindle via a belt. The special jig for burring resolves problems of single burring mode, poor burring effect and damages on metal workpieces in the prior art, and is accurate in positioning, high in operation precision, convenient in use and fine in burring effect.


The aim of this experiment was to replicate the phenomenon reported by Still that the spontaneous alternation of non-rewarded rats declines faster over repeated testing than that of rewarded rats. The present experiment failed to find such an effect. It is suggested that on the basis of these experiments, it would be unwise to attribute any effect on spontaneous alternation behaviour with repeated testing to the rewarding or non-rewarding of rats.


1 The synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) from l‐arginine by rat peritoneal neutrophils (PMN) and the murine macrophage cell‐line J774 and the inhibition of this synthesis by N‐iminoethyl‐l‐ornithine (l‐NIO), NG‐monomethyl‐l‐arginine (l‐NMMA), NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine (l‐NNA) and its methyl ester (l‐NAME) were investigated. 2 l‐NIO was the most potent inhibitor in both types of cells while l‐NMMA was less active. l‐NNA and l‐NAME had no significant effect in PMN and l‐NNA produced only approximately 40% inhibition of the generation of NO in the J774 cells at the highest concentration tested (300 μm). 3 The inhibitory effect of l‐NIO was rapid in onset, requiring 10 min pre‐incubation to achieve its full inhibitory activity, while the other compounds required 20–60 min pre‐incubation to achieve their full effect. 4 The inhibitory effect of l‐NIO (10 μm) on intact cells could not be reversed by l‐arginine (300 μm) but could be prevented by concomitant incubation with this compound (300 μm), while the effect of the other inhibitors could be reversed by a 3–5 fold molar excess of l‐arginine. 5 The NO synthase from both PMN and J774 cells was cytosolic and NADPH‐ but not Ca2+‐dependent, with Km values for l‐arginine of 3.3 ± 0.8 and 4.2 ± 1.1 μm respectively. 6 l‐NIO was the most potent inhibitor of the neutrophil and J774 enzymes with IC50 values of 0.8 ± 0.1 and 3 ± 0.5 μm respectively. Furthermore, the effect of l‐NIO was irreversible. The other three compounds were less potent, reversible inhibitors. 7 The inhibitory effects of all these compounds were enantiomerically specific. 8 These data indicate that l‐NIO is a novel, potent, rapid in onset and irreversible inhibitor of NO synthase in phagocytic cells. The rapid uptake of l‐NIO compared with the other compounds indicates that phagocytic cells have different uptake mechanisms for l‐arginine analogues.


This paper describes a new interactive software especially designed for making driving simulator's virtual environment on a current high-performance graphic workstation. A technique is presented to construct a virtual town interactively and to drive the town real time. This system makes it possible to generate virtual environment such as roads, buildings, traffic lights, signs, traffic flow and so on for the virtual driving in the town. The system consists of three functions: road generation, virtual town construction and driving simulation.<<ETX>>


It has always been recognised that the key to a full understanding of icebreaker powering performance is an accurate knowledge of its constituent parts; ship resistance, propulsor performance and the hydrodynamic interaction between the two. A set of full-scale resistance and propulsive performance tests were carried out to obtain more information on these aspects. Two vessels, the MV TERRY FOX and the MV IKALUK, were selected for the trials. The ships are CASPPR Arctic Class IV icebreakers, with geared-diesel propulsion, the former vessel having twin controllable-pitch propellers, and the latter having twin cp propellers operating in nozzles. Three days of dedicated tests were conducted in Herschel Basin, Yukon. The results of this study included the following: - Vessel resistance in level ice over a range of speeds - Self-propulsion power and thrust over a range of speeds, and - Thrust deduction in level ice and open water of the two systems. The data from these tests can be used to validate or improve the techniques used for predicting icebreaker powering performance from model tests, and empirical or analytical models.


Non-alcoholic liver disease is associated with liver injury, such as steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. During their development, inflammation is occure and organs damage develops by help of cytokines influences. The intensity of injury depends on sex.
The aim of the study was to evaluate changes of interleukins in the blood of male and female rats with hepatosis, hepatitis used by overdrinking of glucose.
Material and methods of investigation. The experiments were performed on 60 male and 60 female outbred rats aged from four monthes (start of experiment). Animals were divided into five groups – control 1 (6 monthes old animals), control 2 (8 monthes old animals), glucose 2 monthes (3), glucose 4 monthes (4), and glucose 2+2 monthes (5).
Determined in the blood serum Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin 1 Beta (IL-1β), Interleukin 4 (IL-4), Interleukin 10 (IL-10).
Results. In 3, 4 and 5 groups we determined increasing of proinflammatory interleukins. When comparing the results of 5 groups with 3 in male rats, lower values of anti-inflammatory interleukins were noted with a reliably insignificant difference in the content of pro-inflammatory interleukins. Interleukins changes were not detected in rats female between groups 5 and 3.When comparing 3 and 4 groups, an increase in TNF-α and IL-1β, a decrease in IL-4 and IL-10 both in males and in females were determing, which depended on the duration of glucose consumption.
When comparing groups 5 and 4 in males rats, only TNF-α decreased, which can be regarded as a decrease in destructive processes when glucose consumption is stopped. In females, we see a decrease in TNF-α and IL-1β, an increase in IL-4 and IL-10, which may indicate a decrease in the effect of glucose or its long-term effect, since the results of groups 3 and 5 in female rats did not differ.
Conclusion. An increase in the content of pro-inflammatory interleukins and a decrease in anti-inflammatory interleukins was detected after 2 months, 4 months of glucose use, which is maintained for 2 months after the cessation of its use only 2 months and depends on the duration of glucose use. In males, the inflammatory reaction is more than in females.


The popular tracking-by-detection paradigm for multi-object tracking (MOT) focuses on solving data association problem, of which a robust similarity model lies in the heart. Most previous works make effort to improve feature representation for individual object while leaving the relations among objects less explored, which may be problematic in some complex scenarios. In this paper, we focus on leveraging the relations among objects to improve robustness of the similarity model. To this end, we propose a novel graph representation that takes both the feature of individual object and the relations among objects into consideration. Besides, a graph matching module is specially designed for the proposed graph representation to alleviate the impact of unreliable relations. With the help of the graph representation and the graph matching module, the proposed graph similarity model, named GSM, is more robust to the occlusion and the targets sharing similar appearance. We conduct extensive experiments on challenging MOT benchmarks and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Eyelid abnormalities, including bilateral and unilateral ptosis, blepharospasm, and apraxia of eyelid opening (AEO), are known to occur following cerebral vascular events, and have been reported with bilateral or nondominant hemisphere vascular lesions.1,2 These abnormalities have rarely been reported with deeper-seated vascular lesions. We present a left-handed hypertensive woman with a left-sided putaminal hemorrhage in whom these three abnormalities were present together.

A 60-year-old left-handed hypertensive woman without any history of neurologic events was admitted with acute onset of right-sided weakness. She was alert and oriented with fluent but dysarthric speech. She had no evidence of orofacial or limb apraxia. She had a central right-sided facial weakness and a right hemiparesis. There was no neglect or sensory loss.

The pupils were 3 mm, symmetrical, and reactive. Extraocular movements were full, including vertical saccades. There was no local corneal disease. During the first 2 days, she rarely opened her eyes spontaneously even when engaged in conversation. She …


Following judgments at first instance and on appeal, it was held that no infringement in trade mark and trade names rights had been committed by HI3G Access AB through its use of the sign 3.


Abstract Objective to analyze breastfeeding in the first hour of life and associated factors in a city in the countryside of Rio de Janeiro. Method a cross-sectional online study, carried out between May 2021 and August 2022, with 97 parturient women in the municipality of Rio das Ostras. In the association between variables, the chi-square test and logistic regression were used. Results among the participants, 77.3% gave birth in the public maternity hospital and 22.7% in the private maternity hospital. The prevalence of breastfeeding in the first hour of life in the delivery room and in rooming-in was, respectively, 21.6% and 58.3%, with significant differences between maternity hospitals. Postpartum women from the public maternity hospital were more likely to not breastfeed in the first hour of life. Having basic education increased the chances of the baby not being breastfed in the delivery room and not having early skin-to-skin contact and not breastfeeding breastfed in rooming-in. Conclusion and implications for practice breastfeeding in the first hour of life did not reach recommended levels and different factors associated with its occurrence were identified, such as education level, place of childbirth and skin-to-skin contact. It is recommended that maternity hospitals implement humanized practices in newborn care to increase breastfeeding rates in the first hour of life.


Modeling an experimental system often results in a number of alternative models that are justified equally well by the experimental data. In order to discriminate between these models, additional experiments are needed. We present a method for the discrimination of models in the form of semiquantitative differential equations. The method is a generalization of previous work in model discrimination. It is based on an entropy criterion for the selection of the most informative experiment which can handle cases where the models predict multiple qualitative behaviors. The applicability of the method is demonstrated on a real-life example, the discrimination of a set of competing models of the growth of phytoplankton in a bioreactor.


Objective:To understand the bacteria type and drug resistance of Mycobacterium from 99 patients in Xianju County,so as to provide the basis and reference for clinical treatment.Methods: Mycobacterium strains isolated from 99 patients with pulmonary TB were identified by using gene chip method.Further,rpoB gene,katG gene and inhA gene promoter of 88 M.tuberculosis strains were detected.Results:Eighty-eight strains of Mycobacterium isolates were M.tuberculosis complex group,accounting for 88.9%.Eleven strains were non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium,accounting for 11.1%.In the 88 strains of M.tuberculosis complex group,four strains were resistant to rifampicin,four strains were resistant to isoniazid and 6 strains were resistant to both of rifampicin and isoniazid.The resistance rate reached 15.9%.Seventy-four strains were highly sensitive to both of rifampicin and isoniazid,accounting for 84.1%.Conclusion: M.tuberculosis was predominant in the Xianju county of Zhejiang province whereas non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium accounted for more than one-tenth.Mycobacterium complex group were seriously resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid and had become a major threat to the control and treatment of TB.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring,treatment and management of drug-resistance.


This is a quite remarkable book. For the first time an authoritative text for medical, psychiatric, psychological, forensic, and legal professionals has been written which addresses both the clinical and legal dimensions of the paraphilias. Dr. Aggrawal, who teaches forensic medicine at the Maulana Azad Medical College in New Delhi, deftly brings to bear his 25 years of interest and knowledge of sexual deviancy and sex crimes in an authoritative and comprehensive textbook. The book generally follows the organization of the DSM paraphilias, and elucidates in separate chapters their respective definitions, etiology, history, epidemiology, medical characteristics, management, and legal understanding in various U.S. jurisdictions and other selective countries. One of the most enjoyable aspects of this book is Dr. Aggrawal's grasp of ancient references concerning the paraphilias in both religious and historical texts, and his illustrations through the selective use of contemporary clinical and legal cases. The book also contains well-written chapters on rape and sexual harassment, and a comprehensive appendix of paraphilias, no less than 547 cited in the scientific and lay literature. The book, however, is not without its shortcomings, and I offer these in the spirit of improving the second edition, which Dr. Aggrawal invites in his preface. My criticisms fall into two categories; first, there are some striking omissions of authors' research which clearly belong in the text. Most apparent is the complete absence of any mention of psychopathy, which turns out to be the best predictor—along with sexually deviant fantasy—of sexual offending (1). A discussion of psychopathy is essential, especially when sexual offenders and their crimes are addressed. Another example is the absence of reference to Roy Hazelwood et al.'s text (2) on autoerotic asphyxia when discussing this particular paraphilia: a diminutive book which has become a classic. And lastly, the discussion of false memories in relationship to child sexual abuse omits any mention of the work of Elizabeth Loftus, the principal researcher in this area for many years (3). The second category of criticism concerns assertions, or lack thereof, which tend to mislead the reader. The brief discussion of child satanic ritual abuse (p. 52) leaves the impression that such abuse is an actual reality, when, in fact, multiple criminal investigations, many of them originally done by FBI Special Agent Ken Lanning 30 years ago, have failed to reveal any credible evidence that would confirm even one case of child satanic ritual abuse, at least in the United States. Another assertion that is incorrect is Dr. Aggrawal's definition of piquerism which only includes selfinflicted penetration of the body with sharp objects (p. 364). Forensic psychologists and psychiatrists are quite familiar with piquerism as a rare sexual deviancy that is usually perpetrated against another, although admittedly, any systematic research on this paraphilia has yet to be done. Finally, many of the reviews of psychoanalytic formulations concerning etiology in this book are quite dated and some are inaccurate. For example, the assertion that ''according to psychoanalysts, all children have a desire to have sexual relations with family members'' (p. 364) is incorrect, although developmentally children will find pleasure in their genitals during the first year of life even though parents tend to resist any acknowledgment of such observed activity (4). Contemporary writings of psychoanalysts concerning sexuality, and the evolution of psychoanalytic thought, need to be acknowledged and referenced in this book. Despite my criticisms, this book will likely become a fixture in most forensic libraries, and offers a vivid and highly informative guide to realms of human behavior which often pique the curiosity, sometimes disgust, and occasional horror of most people.


The study has checked the condition of awareness in using the principles of pattern recognition and accumulating pattern when juniors solve word problems by the testing and the interview.The Result showed:(1)The solvers had awareness of applying pattern recognition,but the arrangement of applying pattern recognition was different,they didn't realize the nature of pattern cognition.(2)Though the solvers had the awareness,but they didn't have conscientious awareness in applying pattern recognition.(3)The solvers didn't have the awareness of accumulating pattern after solving problems.


The purpose of this study is to investigate how members of disadvantaged communities imagine "other lives," and how such perceptions influence their own lives. This study will explore how society defines things that are unseen but are believed to exist and may impact human existence by having a look at the overseas Javanese population in the Gayo highlands in Aceh. The findings of this study will be used to illustrate how society views these creatures. This study, in contrast to the majority of other studies of overseas Javanese, is interested in how the construction efforts of danyang and prewangan are and how they communicate with each other. Other studies of overseas Javanese focus on topics such as cultural assimilation, conflict, and resilience. The information needed for this study was gleaned through participant observation and in-depth interviews with local Javanese residents of Aceh's Bener Meriah District. Because of the economic and cultural marginalization they face when interacting with the dominant ethnic groups of Gayo and Aceh, which persuades them to seek alternative protection, this article demonstrates that the concepts of danyang and prewangan are part of the identity that was brought from Javanese culture.


The predominant route of electrolyte absorption in the human ileum and colon involves coupled operation of Na+/H+ and Cl−/HCO3− exchangers. The slc26a3 gene product DRA (Down‐Regulated in Adenoma) plays a critical role in intestinal chloride absorption. Decrease in DRA function and/or expression has been implicated in diarrheal disorders associated with infection or inflammation. The strategies for upregulation of DRA, therefore, are novel approaches to treat IBD and diarrheal disorders. In this regard, dexamethasone (DEX), a corticosteroid, is known to have anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Single pharmacological doses of DEX have been shown to stimulate net water and electrolyte absorption. An earlier study demonstrated that DEX increased NHE3 (a key player in Na+ absorption) function and expression in kidney and intestinal epithelial cells. However, the effects of DEX on DRA expression have not been investigated. The objective of the current studies, therefore, was to examine the effect of DEX on expression of apical anion exchanger SLC26A3 and to elucidate the mechanisms involved. Human intestinal Caco‐2 cells transiently transfected with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) were used as a cellular model. Promoter activity was measured by luciferase assays normalized to β‐galactosidase activity. Protein and mRNA expression was measured by immunoblotting and real time PCR, respectively. Results showed that DEX increased DRA mRNA expression in a dose dependent manner with maximum effect at 1mM dose (~70 fold, p<0.05), only when GR was transfected into these cells. DEX, however, did not alter the expression level of another apical anion exchanger, SLC26A6, indicating the specificity of effects. The increase in DRA mRNA by DEX was blocked in the presence of the GR receptor antagonist (RU486, 500 nM) further confirming the involvement of GR. Time‐course of DEX effects showed an induction in DRA mRNA as early as 6 h and was sustained till 24h. Consistent with the mRNA levels, DEX treatment of Caco‐2 cells also increased the DRA protein expression (~3 fold, p<0.05). DEX‐induced upregulation of DRA appeared at least in part to occur via transcriptional mechanism as promoter activity of DRA construct (−1183/+114bp) was stimulated (~2.5 fold) in response to DEX. In addition, the increase in DRA mRNA was partially blocked in the presence of transcription inhibitor, actinomycin D (5 mM). Similar to in vitro results, administration of DEX (2 mg/kg body wt. ip) to mice for 48 h significantly increased colonic DRA mRNA levels (~ 2.5 fold, p<0.05). DRA protein levels were also increased by DEX in mouse colon as verified by western blotting and increased DRA immunostaining at the apical membrane. These studies demonstrate that DEX stimulates DRA expression at least in part via transcriptional mechanisms and suggest that upregulation of DRA may underlie anti‐inflammatory and pro‐absorptive effects of DEX.


Objective: Parents diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are likely to find the emotional aspects of parenting challenging. Research into the difficulties that these parents experience, however, is lacking. The aims of the present study were to (i) gain an understanding of the interactional patterns of mothers with BPD and their infants and (ii) to explore the parenting perceptions of mothers with BPD. Method: Two groups of mother–infant dyads were recruited: mothers with BPD and their infants; and community mothers and their infants. Groups were compared on mother–infant interaction patterns and on maternal self-perceptions of parenting. Results: Mothers with BPD were found to be less sensitive and demonstrated less structuring in their interaction with their infants, and their infants were found to be less attentive, less interested and less eager to interact with their mother. Furthermore, mothers with BPD reported being less satisfied, less competent and more distressed. Conclusions: Early intervention needs to be provided to mothers with BPD to promote maternal sensitivity and maternal perceptions of competence.


The reasons of large vibration and insufficient capacity of the circulating pump is mainly the unsuitable position of the centerline between two shafts,changing of the upper table plate,rectifying verticality so as to lead the deviation of the centerline between two shafts increased against the center position of the radial bearing,intermediate bearing and pump casing,wearing of blade because of damaging during pump operation and installing deviation leading to insufficient capacity.All defaults such as pump vibration and insufficient capacity have been removed after adjustment like coaxial adjustment between the centerline of two shafts and the bearing seat,sealing washer and foundation seat.Suitable blade degree changing during the installation has removed the defaults like pump vibration and insuficient capacity.


Abstract : The use of filament-wound fiber-glass liquid-hydrogen propellant tank structures should result in a considerable weight savings compared to conventional metal tanks providing that a suitable internal liner can be developed. This report investigates the use of plastic tape liners bonded to the inner surface of the filament-wound structure. The compatibility of liners, made of Teflon and Mylar tape, with respect to the filament-wound shell was studied experimentally using liquid hydrogen and theoretically using an analytical technique derived in this report. The investigation shows for bonded liners used at the temperature of liquid hydrogen (normal boiling point 20 deg K) that Teflon is incompatible with the filament-wound structure and Mylar is limited.


Correspondence HemrajB.Dodiya, TheUniversity ofChicago, Chicago, IL,USA. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Background: In prior efforts, we demonstrated reduced amyloidosis and altered microgliosis in long-term antibiotics (abx)-treated APPPS1-21 male mice. Restoration of the gut microbiome into abx-treated male mice by fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) established a causality between the gut microbiome and amyloidosis. We have used FMT studies using our current short-term abx APPPS1-21 mice to evaluate the microbiome-microglia-amyloidosis axis. Method: Short-term, postnatal abx (4mg/ml Kanamycin, 0.35mg/ml Gentamicin, 8500U/ml Colistin, 2.15mg/ml Metronidazole, 0.45mg/ml Vancomycin: post-natal day 14 to day 21) was performed. To establish causality, we performed FMT (200μl of 5mg/ml fecal slurry daily gavage) into abx-treated APPPS1-21 male mice. Pathogenicity of the gut microbiome in WT or Tg mice were confirmed using age-matched FMT from WT and Tg controls into abx-treated male mice. We performed total RNAseq transcriptome analysis to evaluate potential mechanism(s). The role of microglial cells were evaluated in PLX6522 (CSF-1 receptor inhibitor)-treated FMT-transplanted abxtreatedAPPPS1-21malemice. Nineweeks oldGFAPPPS1-21were used to characterize the amyloidosis and glial cells in both genders. Result: An early life abx treatment resulted in gut microbiota changes in a sexdependentmanner.Onlymalemice showed reducedamyloidosis andalteredmicroglial phenotypes. Age matched Tg FMT or WT FMT resulted in higher amyloidosis in abxtreated male mice. RNAseq analysis of total cortical RNA showed significantly different mRNA levels that occurred in a sex-specific manner and changes in abx-treated malemicewere restoredwith FMT.GOtermanalysis showedgliogenesis andmicroglia development as significantly altered pathways in abx-treated male group only. To confirm the exact role of the microglia in this model, we employed PLX6522 in FMTtreated ABX-male mice. Microglia depletion did not result in an FMT-dependent increase in amyloidosis in abx-treated male mice. Finally, germ-free APPPS1-21 mice showed reduced amyloidosis that occurs in a sex-specific manner.


Search logs, which contain rich and up-to-date information about users' needs and preferences, have become a critical data source for search engines. Recently, more and more data-driven applications are being developed in search engines based on search logs, such as query suggestion, keyword bidding, and dissatisfactory query analysis. In this paper, by observing that many data-driven applications in search engines highly rely on online mining of search logs, we develop an OLAP system on search logs which serves as an infrastructure supporting various data-driven applications. An empirical study using real data of over two billion query sessions demonstrates the usefulness and feasibility of our design.


TIEBAS, M.' A., BIURRUN, R., ESPARZA, M. J. (1992): Metodos de lucha quimica para el control del zabro del cerral, Zabrus tenebrioides (Goeze, 1777) (Col., Carabidae) en Navarra. Bol. San. Veg. Plagas, 18 (1): 149-159. The population of the phytophagous coleopteron Zabrus tenebrioides showed a substantial increase during the 1989-1990 season, affecting winter cereals over a large area in Navarra (Spain). The pest level reached 70 larvae per square metre in some samples. These high levels led to carrying out two tests in the following season to evaluate the efficiency of some treatement systems. Various insecticides were used in three application ways: pre-sowing granulated, seed disinfection and spraying when the first damages were noticed. Pre-sowing and spraying treatments were the most efficient. Seed disinfection produced irregular results, possibly due to soil type.


Summary

Brown trout of different weights (range 8-358 g) were fed to satiation at fifteen different water temperatures (range 3.8–21.6°C. Both the weight of the trout (Wg) and the water temperature (T°C) affected the maximum weight of food (Q mg) consumed in a meal, and the relationship between the three variables was well described by a multiple regression equation which can be used to estimate the value of Q (with 95% confidence limits) for trout of different weights at different temperatures between 3.8°C and 21.6°C. The satiation time (with 95% confidence limits) can also be estimated from a multiple regression equation for trout of different weights at temperatures between 6.8°C and 18.1°C. Estimates from the multiple regression equations were applicable to a wide range of food organisms with the exception of larvae ofTenebrio molitor (mealworms). Appetite (measured by voluntary food intake) varied with temperature and was greatest between 13.3°C and 18.4°C. From comparisons with the results of other workers, it was concluded that the maximum amount of food consumed in a meal may provide sufficient calories for both the daily metabolic requirements and the daily maintenance requirements of a trout at temperatures between 3.8°C and 18.4°C, but not at temperatures above 18.4°C.


The driving forces in developing a methodology to convert board-level designs to chip are design productivity and profit. The methodology gives significant productivity through reuse of existing designs. It must overcome on-chip system design bottlenecks; functional verification and timing convergence. Decisions must be made on components to be integrated on the same silicon, and hardware-software co-simulation strategy. This paper describes a system-on-a-chip design approach in developing a robotic controller for industrial applications.


With the fast enlargement of higher education scale, the problem of graduate employment has become more and more severe and leads to the focus of educators and economists. Thus they have discussed the causes of graduate unemployment from different fields. This paper analyzes the phenomenon of graduate unemployment theoretically from the point of the theory of the segmented labor market, the theory of job search, the theory of reserved wages and the theory of job competition.


. On the basis of deep analysis of Boomerang algorithm principle, combined with the characteristics of the key arrangement of the DES block cipher, the 8 round DES attack experiment and the 9 round DES attack experiment were designed based on the Boomerang algorithm. The value of calculation complexity of DES block cipher is only 40 and the analysis performance is greatly improved by the method of Boomerang attack.


We take into account some additive mappings in Banach ∗-algebras with derivations. We will first study the conditions for additive mappings with derivations on Banach ∗-algebras. Then we prove some theorems involving linear mappings on Banach ∗-algebras with derivations. So derivations on C∗-algebra are characterized.


Objective:To investigate the effect of traditional Chinese medicine Prunella vulgaris on Fas Ligand mRNA expression of human Bladder Cancer Cell line T24.Methods:The inhibition concentration 50% (IC50) of Prunella vulgaris was detected by MTT assay.Bladder Cancer Cell line T24 were treated by different concentrations (0.5IC50, IC50) of Prunella vulgaris.The changes of Fas Ligand mRNA were detected by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method (RT-PCR) and invasive ability of T24 cells was measured by Transwell-ECM.Results:Fas Ligand mRNA increased after treated by Prunella vulgaris upregulated (p 0.05); Transwell-ECM showed that the higher concentration Prunella vulgaris increased apoptosis rate of lymphocyte induced of T24 cells(p 0.05).The different concentrations teams of Prunella vulgaris have statistical significance (p0.05).Conclusion:Prunella vulgaris can up-regulated the expression of functional Fas Ligand mRNA of human Bladder Cancer Cell line T24.And, the up regulative action raised invasive ability ofcancer cells.


Renal transplantation (RTx) may result in the development of liver disorder/hepatic cancer or hepatitis C virus (HCV)- related membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, which may lead to graft loss, in renal failure patients with previously untreated HCV infection. Long-term survival is longer in HCV antibody-positive renal transplant recipients than in HCV antibody-negative/-positive dialysis patients, whereas renal graft survival and patient survival are lower in HCV antibody-positive renal transplant recipients than in HCV antibody-negative patients; thus, HCV treatment should be administered to HCV antibodypositive renal transplant recipients. Interferon/ribavirin (IFN/Rib) therapy is one of the current HCV treatments in Japan. In renal failure patients including those undergoing hemodialysis, Rib is contraindicated because of possible kidney function problems; IFN monotherapy is indicated for these patients. However, in clinical practice, IFN monotherapy is not performed adequately because of efficacy problems or adverse reactions to IFN, leading to the presence of many HCV carriers and patients with previous HCV infection among hemodialysis patients in the RTx waiting list. The sustained virological response in patients receiving IFN therapy after RTx is low. Many patients discontinue the therapy and some develop graft loss because of IFN-related acute rejection. Therefore, dialysis patients with HCV infection who are scheduled for RTx should first receive IFN therapy. In Japan, daclatasvir/ asunaprevir combination therapy was introduced as an IFN-free antiviral therapy in September 2015. However, its safety in dialysis patients has not been established, and these patients still require IFN therapy. We report the current state of renal transplant recipients with HCV at our hospital.


Linear modulators are useful for electromagnetic field sensing1 and as external modulators in communication and cable television systems2. Theoretically, a passively-biased modulator can be achieved with a difference in interferometer arm lengths, to give an intrinsic 90° phase bias angle. Fabrication tolerances result in error from 90° but can be corrected by using excimer laser ablation to phase-tune the angle3. Here we describe the thermal stability of modulator phase angle ϕ0 for dielectrically packaged devices, and we compare stability before and after ablation. The effect of humidity on the magnitude and stability of ϕ0 is investigated. Beaumont et al.4 showed that humidity significantly affects modulator stability under conditions of constant DC bias voltage. However, the interferometers studied were in Z-cut LiNbO3 with a silicon dioxide buffer layer. Many effects were thought to be due to a surface phenomenon associated with the SiO2. In our work we are concerned with X-cut LiNbO3 devices where no buffer layer is required. Such devices show no longterm drift, as opposed to those with SiO2 buffers5.


Abstract There are certain place names in the name authority file that cause difficulties because their established forms do not reflect political realities. Names of jurisdictions are established on the basis of Resource Description & Access and the LC-PCC policy statements. The difficulties stem in part from the policy of the Library of Congress, as a U.S. government agency, to adhere to the decisions of the U.S. Board on Geographic Names, but also from a misunderstanding of the role of that board. The cases of Crimea, Taiwan, and Myanmar are examined. Recommendations are made for changes to the access points.


In a part of Ohio the Wisconsin ice sheet advanced into a region of considerable relief, up to and just over the main preglacial divide. The effects of glaciation on a region of deep valleys, the character of the glacial boundary, and the deposits—especially the kames and kame terraces in the valleys—will be described in detail. The geology—stratigraphic, economic, and glacial—of all of Holmes County has been studied, but this paper is concerned with the glaciation of the northwestern part, because the glacial phenomena of a hilly region are well developed here. Northwestern Holmes County is bounded on the north by Ashland and Wayne counties and on the west by Ashland County. This area lies in Washington, Ripley, and portions of Knox and Monroe townships, and is shown on the Loudonville quadrangle of the United States Geological Survey. The areal map accompanying is drawn on a portion of that sheet.


In this article we present results of a survey conducted with three mathematics teachers on the relationship between their knowledge about the concept of function and their pedagogical practices developed on this topic. To achieve this study we have considered the three strands of the object of study's knowledge defined by Shulman (1986): knowledge of content, curriculum knowledge and pedagogical knowledge. We worked with teachers of the 1st year of high school and we defined Functions as a central theme for research. We conducted a qualitative research and we used as a tool for data collection semi-structured interviews. The analysis of the interviews indicated that the initial training of teachers does not seem to have worked sufficiently the three forms of knowledge defined by Shulman (1986), as we observed anxieties and insecurities in all three collected testimonies, due to gaps that could/should have been worked over the initial training course.


In adaptive testing, item selection is sequentially optimized during the test. Because the optimization takes place over a pool of items calibrated with estimation error, capitalization on chance is likely to occur. How serious the consequences of this phenomenon are depends not only on the distribution of the estimation errors in the pool or the conditional ratio of the test length to the pool size given ability, but may also depend on the structure of the item selection criterion used. A simulation study demonstrated a dramatic impact of capitalization on estimation errors on ability estimation. Four different strategies to minimize the likelihood of capitalization on error in computerized adaptive testing are discussed.


We hypothesise that properties of space could underly some patterns observed in nature. We explore the possibility that the observed variety of matter particles and the pattern of their properties arise due to the non-orientability of the manifold representing space.


Potatoes are one of the seasonal vegetables that are widely produced in Indonesia. The development of knowledge makes it easier for farmers to improve farming skills, so potatoes are not only found in the Dieng Wonosobo area, but are starting to be planted in various regions in Indonesia, one of which is Tawangmangu. Dieng and Tawangmangu areas are the same in the province of Central Java. Often the obstacles experienced by farmers to date are the marketing of potatoes at a selling price that benefits farmers. This research was conducted to compare marketing sales of potatoes in the Dieng and Tawangmangu mountains. The scope of the research object is in accordance with the problems to be studied, namely the marketing of potato products, with a research unit of potato farmers in the Dieng mountains and Tawangmangu, Central Java. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The results of the research are the marketing design of the Dieng and Tawangmangu mountain ranges.


Summary The minor γA/γ' fibrinogen isoform contains a high affinity binding site for thrombin exosite II that is lacking in the major γA/γA fibrinogen isoform. We therefore investigated the biological consequences of the γ' chain binding to thrombin. Thrombin-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited by γA/γ' fibrinogen.Carboxyl terminal peptide fragment γ'410–427 from the γ' chain was also inhibitory, with an IC50 of ∼200 µM in whole plasma. Deletion of the peptide from either the amino or carboxyl end significantly decreased inhibition. In contrast to thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, aggregation induced by epinephrine, ADP, arachidonic acid, or SFLLRN peptide showed little inhibition by the γ' peptide. The inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation was not due to direct inhibition of the thrombin active site, since cleavage of a small peptidyl substrate was 91% of normal even in the presence of 1 mM γ'410–427.The γ'410–427 peptide blocked platelet adhesion to immobilized thrombin under both static and flow conditions,blocked soluble thrombin binding to platelet GPIbα, and inhibited PAR1 cleavage by thrombin. These results suggest that the γ' chain of fibrinogen inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation by binding to thrombin exosite II. Thrombin that is bound to the γ' chain is thereby prevented from activating platelets, while retaining its amidolytic activity.


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DISPOSABLE SANITARY SANITARY DISPOSABLE GARMENTS GARMENTS COMPRISING MATERIALS FOR TOP LAYER AND / OR LATER PREPARED BASED POLYMERS glycolic acid, lactic acid and mixtures thereof. Also presented sanitary ware DISPOSABLE with absorbent cores containing oxidized cellulose. Also presented diapers, sanitary napkins, PANTIES AND SIMILAR PREPARED MATERIALS ABOVE.


Energy conservation is important for mobile ad hoc networks where devices are expected to work for longer periods of time without the need for charging their batteries. Therefore there is a need of an intelligent routing protocol that can minimize overhead and ensure the use of minimum energy routes. In Progressive Energy Efficient Routing, energy efficient shortest paths are selected with minimum energy consumption. Here due to the single path routing, there occur end-to-end delay, routing overhead and packet loss. Therefore to overcome these issues, PEER can be extended for multipath routing. Link-stability metrics and energy aware metrics can be applied for path selection. By this method, stable links are selected. In this study, energy efficient routing is done with maximum life time. The proposed Link-Stability and Energy Aware Multipath Routing gives good performance results in terms of packet delivery ratio, packet drop, energy consumption and delay compared with Progressive Energy Efficient Routing.


This study aims to describe: Efforts to improve pedagogical competence by conducting microteaching of PGMI FAI students of Muhammadiyah University of West Sumatra, (2) The Role of Microteaching Supporting Lecturers in improving pedagogical competencies of PGMI FAI students at Muhammadiyah University, West Sumatra. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The subjects in this study were students of PGMI FAI Muhammadiyah University of West Sumatra in 2018/2019 who had conducted microteaching in improving pedagogical competence. Data collection techniques used were in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The validity of the data in this study is triangulation (triangulation of sources and triangulation of techniques) and observationality. Data analysis techniques applied were data reduction, data display, and data verification. The conclusions in this study are: (1) there are various activities carried out in the implementation of microteaching as an effort to improve pedagogical competence of PGMI FAI students at Muhammadiyah University, West Sumatra. The implementation of these activities provides increased pedagogical competence of students which includes the ability to manage learning, understanding of students, learning design, learning implementation, use of learning technology, evaluation of learning outcomes, and student development. (2) The Role of Microteaching Supporting Lecturers in improving pedagogical competencies of PGMI FAI students at Muhammadiyah University, West Sumatra. This role includes the role of lecturers as educators, instructors, mentors, trainers, and developers in the implementation of microteaching programs.
Keywords: competence, pedagogy, microteaching


Educational Data Mining is an emerging discipline that focuses on applying Data Mining tools and techniques to educationally related data. The discipline focuses on analyzing educational data to develop models for improving learning experiences and institutional effectiveness. A literature review on educational data mining follows, which covers topics such as student retention and attrition, personal recommender systems with in education and how data mining can be used to analyze course management system data. Gaps in the current literature and opportunities for further research are presented.


In recent times, the market for sensor applications that use MEMS (accelerator, gas, pressure, etc.) has greatly expanded. In the future, MEMS devices are expected to provide innovations for new chip functions and to enable the "More than Moore" era.


Middle aged female with no comorbidities had presented with swelling in nasolabial region two decades back. She underwent excision of the tumor, reported as basal cell carcinoma. One decade later she developed another lesion in forehead, biopsy reported as squamous cell carcinoma with close margin. After excision of the tumor, she had received external beam radiation of dose 4500cGy in 15 fractions with electrons because of its close margins and high risk features. Eight years later, she again presented with two swellings in right forehead and she had underwent surgical excision. Biopsy from one swelling reported as basal cell carcinoma. Size of the tumor was 1 cm and depth of invasion was 2 mm. Surgical margins were negative. The second swelling's histology was showing features of Bowen's disease with epidermodysplasia. After surgery she was on follow up. Two years later, she again presented with swellings in right and left eyebrows. Surgical resection was done for both swellings. Biopsy from right eyebrow swelling was reported as basal cell carcinoma. Size of the tumor was 1cm and depth of invasion was 2 mm. Surgical margins were positive. Left eyebrow swellings histology was showing features of Bowen's disease with epidermodysplasia verruciformis. She received external beam radiation of dose 4500cGy in 15 fractions with electrons because of margin positivity. In spite of this condition her ECOG performance status is 0 (Fully active, able to carry on all pre-disease performance without restriction). She is on follow up after treatment till now.


This work is aimed at studying the possibility of reusing waste glass from crushed containers as aggregate for preparing mortars. At present, this kind of reuse is still not common due to the risk of alkali–silica reaction (ASR) between alkalis of the cement and silica of the waste glass. This expansive reaction can cause great problems of cracking and, consequently, it can be extremely deleterious for the mortar durability. The influence of both size and colour of recycled glass coming from crushed containers on the durability of mortars is studied. The attention is focused on both mechanical behaviour, investigated by means of bending and compression tests, as well as durability, studied by means of accelerated tests for evaluating the tendency to expand under alkaline environment due to ASR. Several mortars are prepared by replacing at different rate the quartz sand with coarse glass cullet of different colours: clear (i.e. uncoloured), green and amber. Then, pulverised clear glass is added to the mortar mixtures, also in the presence of class F fly ash. Results obtained show that by using both green and amber glass cullet the mortars are stable, as well as by using powder glass, which also shows a significant pozzolanic effect. On the other hand, considerable expansion due to ASR is detected by using clear glass cullet.


In this paper, we discuss the development of electronic atlas in China, with focus on the issues of visualization. We particularly categorise this development into four periods, and then analyse the characters in each period and discuss the visualization issues. The four periods are highlighted: 1) Infant period ( 2001) characterized as web mapping and adaptive map design with products of Internet maps and atlas as well as adaptive maps. It is obvious that the development follows the logical way from static to dynamic, and even real time visualization, from single user to multiple users, from presentation to exploration for effective communication and knowledge construction. Current research and development projects are focused on customisation of atlas information systems for real-time tasks, Internet operability, small displays and mobile environments. The major challenges involved in each of such customisation processes are identified and commented in relation to the further development of visualization.


Abstract With the previous development of a new test of leg power based on scientific principles, the problem of the components of the term muscular power was investigated. A test of leg speed using the bicycle ergometer was refined and had a test-retest reliability 0.969 when subsequently used on the experimental sample of 62 adult males. The factors of leg speed and leg power were then compared and a correlation of +0.470 was established. This was mathematically lower than figures relating speed and power obtained by previous researches in this field and was probably due to the differences in the criterion measures together with sample and experimental error.


Universities are important innovation hubs for sustainable development. As universities worldwide are striving to provide conducive living and learning environments for their students and staff, the mobility of campus users is one of the challenges that have to be overcome immediately. In order to understand the issues of campus mobility, this study was conducted to evaluate a component of mobility, i.e. its walkability features and potential. The location of this study was in Universiti Malaya. We divided the study in two stages: 1. Students' surveys to find out their perceptions on the features, potential and policy on walkability. 2. Direct observations and measurements of the existing walkability conditions (vehicular and pedestrian circulation and the street elements that constitute a walkable environment). The main findings were as follows: Most students perceived the overall walkability environment at UM did not give them a positive walking experience on campus. Street elements that are user-friendly were found to be lacking although there existed some positive ones, e.g. traffic calming devices especially at pedestrian crossing area. Although this is a case study of UM, we feel that the issues are of general interest to other university campuses, especially those located in major cities and having the same organizational structure. We would therefore recommend university management to conduct periodical campus walkability evaluation and to take the user's perceptions seriously so as to provide better adaptation solutions to their campus sustainability projects.


According to WHO, transgender people are more likely to suffer from a broad range of health

 high HIV prevalence, low access to health, discrimination, violence, rejection, unemployement, poverty, housing insecurity, and marginalisation. Structural macho-sexism is one of the main causes not only of violence, but also of lack of protective legislation and policy to this population. Developing research regarding transgender people's life experience in the streets and their pathways to healthcare is of major importance to achieve a more equitable society and public health system.
 This qualitative research is a chapter of the book "Experiências do Cuidado na Rua" ("Living Care in the Streets"). From the experience of offering care in downtown Campinas to people living in the streets, 2 case reports were selected. The narratives were collected in a field journal. Both participants were female transgenders living in the context of Brazil's Universal Health System. National policy and legislation were confronted with narrative analysis of the participants, to show the barriers to receiving proper and humanistic care.
 Some narratives show the clear violence suffered from law enforcement personnel: "We used to be beaten by the Police because we were prostituting ourselves". Others show a transphobic moralistic context: "Last week a transexual had her heart torn here in Campinas, and a Saint image was put in her chest! I'm afraid to walk alone in the streets at night. "Yet others show a clear transphobic and problematic position from the now president Bolsonaro which reflects in transphobic sympathizers in hate speeches: "Nowadays [after presidential election] we hear in the streets 'let's send them to Bolsonaro!'", as sending someone to the guillotine.
 The narratives show a clear need of global and local actions towards a more accepting society, and actions must be taken in a broad range of fields, such as human rights legislation, policy and surveillance.

 This research show the neglect for the transgender population and the lack of protective measures, which reflects in access to the health care system and actual care. A growth of discrimination and hate speeches directly related to the election of an extremist-right national administration has been observed.


Methods for the determination of the frequency dependent hyperpolarizabilities, β(−2ω;ω,ω), β(−ω;ω,0), and β(0;ω,−ω) at the self‐consistent field (SCF) level of theory are discussed and compared. Two efficient alternatives are proposed; one involves determination of appropriate response vectors which arise in first‐order perturbation theory at frequency ω, and the other involves solving first‐order perturbation theory equations at frequency 0 (static), ω and 2ω. Neither approach involves solution of the second‐order perturbation theory equations. The method is illustrated with application to formaldehyde and methyl fluoride using large one‐particle basis sets. The basis set requirement for convergence of this property at the SCF level of theory is investigated. Basis sets including up to d functions on first row atoms and p functions on hydrogen incorporating diffuse functions appear to be adequate. The effect of electron correlation on the static hyperpolarizability is estimated using second‐order Mo/lle...


Against the backdrop of the global economic slowdown, the Bangladesh economy has performed strongly over the past few years. Despite the fallout from the Euro debt crisis still contributing to an uncertain economic environment, the Bangladesh economy has pursued accommodative monetary and fiscal policies. However, if the global economic slowdown is much more prolonged than the current forecasts indicate, the impact on Bangladesh is expected to be adverse. The economy has persevered so far in the face of global recession, but the domestic challenges are manifold with respect to soaring inflation, import-export imbalances, devaluation of the currency, a slow growth of remittances, increasing budget deficit and government borrowing. This paper provides an overview of the Bangladesh economy with respect to its fiscal, monetary and trade performance. The aim is twofold – to assess the current state of the economy, followed by an appraisal of Bangladesh's economic outlook and opportunities ahead.


The introduction and marketing of third-generation mobile services has not been enough to make them a commercial success. User involvement and user innovations are apparently needed before such success can be achieved. We handed out mobile phones with video capability to test users to see what kind of meaningful contexts they might find for watching streaming mobile video. There were at least two different contexts in which they considered it natural to view mobile video. Firstly, they were able to avoid boring situations by entertaining themselves. Secondly, mobile video made it possible to share experiences with other people. Singing karaoke together or watching cartoons with children offered fun moments and represented a type of use not frequently found in visions of mobile entertainment.


This paper presents a study on how natural language words that designate types of spatial entities (metropolis, city, creek, etc.) can automatically be translated to the entity classification used in OpenStreetMap (OSM) that assigns key-value tags to entities. The problem of identifying key-value pairs for querying OSM occurs in geographic information retrieval based on natural language text and is difficult for three reasons: Conceptualisation of entities in natural language text and in OSM often differs. Even classification of a single entity type is subject to variations throughout the OSM database. Language is rich and offers many words to communicate nuances of a single entity type. The contribution of this paper is to analyse the contribution of semantic word similarity using Word-Net to identify a mapping from natural language to OSM tags. We present a strategy to identify key-value pairs for natural language words using WordNet and analyse its effectiveness.


In this study, a series of novel quasi-deep eutectic solvents (QDESs) based on organic base and thiourea (TU) and its derivatives were formed. Among them, DBU/TU or methylthiourea (MTU) could be us...


Simply a way of cooling devices each radiator, an oil cooler, after the cooler for cleaning and maintenance of the construction machine cooling device, there are provided with a fan (26) while the upstream side in parallel mounted on the ventilation path a radiator (. 11A) and the oil cooler (12) in the frame opening portion (1a) (. 1) and an opening portion (1a) or at the heat sink (11), an oil cooler (12) and the aftercooler (13), a radiator (. 11A) and the oil cooler (12) or heat sink (11), an oil cooler (12) and an after-cooler (13) has at least one detachable.


Purpose – This paper aims to establish a basis for considering and then studying the affective psychology found in subjective assessments encountered in managing facility provision, in this case in Australian local government.Design/methodology/approach – The literature was used to construct a suite of models that provides a legitimate basis to consider affective, subjective and other assessments in the field. A psychologically‐based orientational qualitative enquiry using an Affective Lexicon was used for an empirical study.Findings – The study found that affect is pervasive in the management of local government facilities. It was found in expectations facility management has concerning consequences of its work, stakeholders' expectations and evaluations, and had utility in managing facility projects. A Scheme of Affective Management is proposed that uses a suite of techniques to achieve affective outcomes and consequences from facility management. These results challenge so‐called objectivity in the fie...


The origins of many families who moved to Glamorgan from the West Country and the Midlands during the early part of the Industrial Revolution are often unknown, as the parish registers are incomplete and official records did not appear until later in 1838. This study is concerned with tracing the origins of one such family, called Morley, who appeared in the Vale of Neath in the early eighteenth century. They were yeomen whose descendants became involved in the fledgling tinplate industry there as the family expanded. Links between early family members have been established by exploring their wills, where available, and original source material from the National Library for Wales. Further connections have been made possible by using the accepted English genealogical practice of tracing the family by following the sequence of family Christian names. This process has successfully enabled connections to be made between the family in Glamorgan and their antecedents in Carmarthenshire. The progenitor of this family has been identified as originating from Bayton in Worcestershire and it is believed that the family originallydescended from the Morleys of Norfolk in the thirteenth century.


BACKGROUND
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common peripheral nerve disorder of the wrist. Nonsurgical treatments e.g. laser therapy may cause potential beneficial effects.

AIM
To compare the dose dependent effects of low level laser therapy (LLLT) and high intensity laser therapy (HILT) on pain and electrophysiology studies in patients with CTS.

DESIGN
Double-blind randomized controlled trial.

SETTING
Outpatient physiotherapy clinic.

POPULATION
Ninety-eight participants with CTS, aged between 20 to 60 years, were randomly assigned to five groups.

METHODS
All participants undertook four standard exercises, with one group serving as exercise-only controls. Patients were randomly allocated to either high or low fluence LLLT or high or low fluence HILT received over 5 sessions. All patients were assessed by visual analogue scale, median compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and sensory nerve conduction studies before and 3 weeks after the interventions.

RESULTS
VAS was significantly lower in all groups after 3 weeks (P<0.05). CMAP latency decreased in all groups. The interaction of group and time (5×2) was significant for pain (P<0.001), the latency of CMAP (P=0.001) and CMAP amplitude (P=0.02). The interaction of group and time was not significant for the CMAP conduction velocity, sensory nerve latency and amplitude (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
HILT with a power of 1.6 W and low fluence of 8 J/cm2 was superior in reduction of pain and improvement of the median motor nerve electrophysiological studies compared to LLLT and exercise-only control groups.

CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT
LLLT and HILT in conjunction with exercise program are effective in reducing pain and improving median motor nerve conduction studies of the patients with CTS. It seems that high power and low fluence laser therapy is better than LLLT and exercise interventions to treat these patients.


Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity all over the world. Mortality and morbidity would be affected positively by clear definition of the risk factors for ACS, early and accurate diagnosis, and optimal treatment (1,2). To evaluate the risk factor of ACS, in addition to classical risk factors several biochemical indicators may be used (3,4). Vitamin D is a hormone which has multiple effects throughout the body. In addition to its classical effects on the musculoskeletal system, it regulates hormone secretion, immune functions and cell proliferation and differentiation. In epidemiological studies, it has been shown that Vitamin D levels are related to many diseases such as carcinomas, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (5,6). In previous studies, conflicting outcomes have been reported with regard to the vitamin D levels in ACS. In this study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between vitamin D level and ACS.


The aim of this research is to study the factors affecting a mechanical coating of fennel seeds. These factors are coating speed, temperature and time, and seed batch. The main results in this study were: The maximum fennel-seed germinations of 55.9, 61.2 and 42.9 % were obtained by using coating-unit speed of 28 rpm, coating time of 15 minute, coating temperature of 30 C and coating with "Fe + Zn", "Fe + Zn + Cersan" and clay respectively. Meanwhile, the minimum fennel-seed germinations of 3.5, 4.5 and 1.5 % were obtained by using coating-unit speed of 36 rpm, coating time of 65 minute, coating temperature of 70 C and coating with the same constitutions respectively. The maximum machine capacity of coated fennel-seeds of 4.8 kg/h was obtained using seeds-batch mass of 2.5 kg and coating-unit speed of 36 rpm. Meanwhile, the minimum machine capacity of coated fennel-seeds of 0.65 kg/h was obtained using seeds-batch mass of 0.5 kg and coating-unit speed of 20 rpm. The operation and production costs at optimum parameters (batch mass of 2.5 kg, coating-unit speed of 28 rpm, coating temperature of 30 C, coating time of 15 minutes and coating with "Fe + Zn + Cersan") were 10.63 L. E./h and 3037 L.E./ton respectively.


The chemical sector as a whole has been quick to recognise the clear advantages of dry vacuum pumps over traditional wet technologies, and dry vacuum pumps are now well established around the world as an efficient, reliable option.


1 In agreement with the literature, correlation of the ability of a series of agonists and antagonists to displace [3H]-rauwolscine binding shows the &2-adrenoceptors of HT29 cells, NG108-15 cells, OK cells and homogenates of rat sublingual gland to represent four distinct subtypes. 2 [3H]-rauwolscine also bound with high affinity (KD = 0.30 ± 0.10 mM) to a human retinoblastoma cell line (Y79). Specific binding represents 73% of total binding, and a Bm. of 38 ± 1 fmol mg-' protein was determined. 3 Correlation of antagonist affinities against [3H]-rauwolscine with corresponding values in the other four tissue sources showed the Y79 cells to resemble most closely the OK cells, the prototype example of


This paper explores the impact of international emissions trading (IET) among Korea, China, and Japan, three countries that would form the largest potential carbon market in the world. The Nationally Determined Contribution for each country forms the basis of scenario analyses using GCAM (Global Change Assessment Model). As expected, China emerges as the sole net seller of emissions permits while Korea and Japan are the net purchasers of emission permits produced by China. All participants enjoy gains from emissions trading. The implementation of IET changes the power systems of Korea and Japan by favoring increased conventional fossil fuel usage over renewable power technologies or attached carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, while China's power system moves in the opposite direction, by boosting the deployment of renewables and CCS-attached technologies. Considering the counterproductive incentives for Korea and Japan to consume more carbon-intensive energy sources, each country should consider such issues carefully before officially adopting IET as the pillar of climate policy.


Nano-sized hydroxyapatite(HAP) was synthesized by hydro-thermal method with the help of ultrasonic wave by reacting CaCO3 and Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O[n(Ca)/n(P)=1.67].The HAP was prepared and characterized via fourier transform infrared spectroscope(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscope(TEM).A mechanism of hydroxyapatite's crystal growth in hydrothermal synthesis procedure was discussed on the basis of the crystallography theories,preparation of precursor solution,formation of crystal nucleus.


In this paper, the shift and splitting of the energy levels in the circular polarized alternating electric field were modelled for an Ar atom. Moreover, calculations of the transition probabilities needed for obtaining the spectral line intensities and lifetimes were carried out. An anisotropy of the probabilities for transitions between Stark levels was investigated.


Facing the health challenges,some new public health approaches are proposed and should be concerned.It is urgently need to train high quality personnel on public health.


The article introduces the previously unstudied heavy engineering Uralmash Plant newspaper Za Tyazheloye Mashinostroyeniye published between 1934 and 1937; the newspaper is studied as a meta-text and a historical literary source where the editors and party leaders created a utopian image of an ideal city. During the period in question, L. L. Averbakh was secretary of the plant party committee and later secretary of the Ordzhonikidze district committee of Sverdlovsk, and partook in creative writing and literary criticism. The author analyzes the stylistic peculiarities of the key text underlying utopianism in the newspaper, To Herbert G. Wells. My Country and Uralmash in 1950 that creates an image of a future city based on the comparison of an imaginative future with the most urgent issues of reality. The author makes a supposition that it was L. L. Averbakh who authored the article as he had a substantial experience of editorial work and enthusiastically participated in the newspaper publication process. The article describes the main methods the Editorial Board used to create the image of a socialist city of the future and its introduction to the reader as one existing in reality. The fact that the editors of the newspaper perceived the Uralmash Plant as a single unity is proved by the choice of lexical means employed to characterize it, namely, "the socialist city", "our city", "the city of Uralmash", "the city of Soviet machines", "the city of happiness", "Sergo-City", "beautiful Uralmash". The article explores the role the Editorial Board assigned to the dwellers of Uralmash district; provided they observed the limits, they were allowed to criticize certain shortcomings, while the authors of articles used a multitude of grammar means (such as plural forms of first person proper pronouns and verbs) to create an illusion of conjoint actions. Together with the image of a new city of happiness, the newspaper of the Plant created a new calendar based on the date the Uralmash was launched which also manifested itself through other memorable dates. The shift to a new calendar is also emphasized by the constant contrast of the old world and the new one as well as the creation of an image of people of a new era. The author analyzes the image of the inhabitants of the utopian city who are described by means of constant metonymies gold and currency fund, and reveals the special everyday life canon of the first developers of the plant and determines the role the newspaper played in the process of Uralmash district population formation with them starting to realize their being a special group of people, standing higher than others up the social ladder. Additionally, the article explores the theme of childhood and the succession of generations in newspaper articles: it was children that were meant to become the lofty aim of the future for whose sake the constructors of the socialist city had to overcome so many hardships. The author singles out a number of lexical units recurrent in the articles such as happiness, joy, rejoicement used in different grammar forms to create the emotional tone of the newspaper. It turning to books published during the 1950s and devoted to the history of the Uralmash plant and to the memoirs of the inhabitants of the district leads the author to conclude that the basic elements of utopia one finds in the newspaper Za Tyazheloye Mashinostoryeniye got deeply rooted in the district's inhabitants' minds and formed their identity.


Issue

AppsTerv is a project to improve the quality and attractiveness of web-based applications for mental health, to increase the level and range of counselling services available for young people, and to raise mental health awareness among youth, parents and specialists in Estonia.

Problem

Access to mental health services may be …


Worldwide, wetlands cover about 9% of the land surface and are recognized as bio-networks that offer living prospects when managed properly. Despite the present resource management regime, many wetlands in Uganda are being degraded due to mining, construction, agricultural and industrial activity, and little attention has been paid to the effectiveness of wetland conservation. The goal of this research was to evaluate Nyamuriro wetland conservation and management practices in Muko Sub-County, Rubanda District, in south-western Uganda. The study was guided by specific objectives, which included investigating the management approaches used in Nyamuriro wetland conservation, identifying the management challenges preventing Nyamuriro wetland conservation, and evaluating sustainable solutions to the challenges preventing Nyamuriro wetland conservation. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional research design that included qualitative and quantitative data gathering and analysis techniques. A total of 109 people participated in the study using simple random and purposive sampling approaches. In this study, data was collected using questionnaires, key informant interviews, and observational approaches. Most respondents strongly agree that wetland restoration is the best management approach for Nyamuriro wetland conservation (Mean = 4.87, SD = 0.547). Corruption was the most significant hindrance to the conservation of Nyamuriro wetland among the management problems (Mean = 3.41, SD = 0.467). Overall, the data showed that there was a significant positive association between conservation management techniques but not between viable Nyamuriro wetland conservation measures. The study recommended that strict laws and procedures should be put in place to ease restrictions on wetland conservation.


The fibers of Kevlar 29 and poly (3, 8-phenanthridinonediyl terephthalamide) made from the liquid crystalline solutions were hydrolyzed with 20wt% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide at 100°C and 200°C to the considerable degrees of degradation and examined with an optical and a scanning electron microscope. The hydrolyzed fibers were found fractured both transversally and longitudinally along two different types of cleavage planes. The transverse cleavage planes with an average spacing of about 0.3μm were related to the zigzag-shaped fibrillar structure of fiber. The longitudinal cleavage planes consisted of cylindrical surface arranged coaxially one after another around fiber axis, contrary to the existing conception of the radially arranged pleated sheets. The spacing of longitudinal cleavage planes was estimated at 0.2-0.3μm. The etching of aromatic polyamide fibers by sodium hydroxide visualized the latent image of structure generated in the course of fiber formation by the wet-spinning of liquid crystals.


The balance of the population and land and environmental disruption question that population growth cause facilitate the formulation of appropriate thoughts of people.The scientific development view is set up on the basis of sustainable development view as structuring the theoretical direction of the harmonious society,it is overall,system,comprehensive development view.Regard scientific development view as the instructing of appropriate demographic theory and take the place of the important subject now when the thinking has become appropriate demographic theory.


The 2016 US presidential election, which brought Donald J. Trump to power, raised concerns that his ascendency could undermine US democracy promotion and enable illiberal regimes to resist calls for reform. This article seeks to hold this argument up to empirical scrutiny via a framing analysis of coverage of the US election in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). To some extent, the analysis supports the claim: throughout the election, the KSA media offered several substantive criticisms of democracy. However, Trump's campaign also served as a catalyst for a discussion about the merits of democracy, revealing some admiration for its key principles, and an acknowledgement of the challenges it faces in the 21st century.


-Objective: Immediate effect of Maitland Mobilization versus Muscle Energy Technique on non-specific neck pain associated with forward head posture in auto drivers. Design: Simple Random Sampling. Methodology: A total 45 patients were included as per pre-define inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned into two groups each having 20 patients. Group A was given Maitland Mobilization (Anteroposterior and Posteroanterior Glide) while Group B was given Muscle Energy Technique (Sub occipital Muscle Release) for once. The patient' outcome measures were assessed by visual analog scale and measurement of craniovertebral angle with ON Protractor smartphone application. Pre and Post treatment values were recorded for comparison of results. Results: Results revealed that means and S.D of both group were clinically significant but statically the group of the patients treated with Group A MM managed pain CVA (pre= 45.66 ± 3.72, post= 45.66 ± 3.72), VAS ( pre= 6.75 ± 1.29, post= 2.45 ± 1.92) is better than group B of patient treated with Muscle Energy Technique in terms of pain. On CVA (pre= 47.09 ± 1.66, post= 49.48 ± 1.44) on VAS (pre= 6.4 ± 1.31, post= 4.7 ± 1.21). Conclusion: The result of study suggest that both the Maitland Mobilization and Muscle Energy Technique improves the symptoms of neck pain. Better improvement was shown by Maitland Mobilization group than Muscle Energy Technique group. Based on these results Maitland mobilization should be the treatment choice for non-specific neck pain associated with forward head posture.


Geocaching is described as both orienteering and a worldwide treasure hunt. Tracking geocaches, locating waypoints, and hiding caches are part of this incredibly popular pastime and have begun to b...


Numerical studies of Flux Tubes in d = 3,4 QCD and the strong evidence thereby for them being described by free Bosonic String theory to order R−3, where R is the string length, will be briefly reviewed. The Polchinski‐Strominger Effective String Theory approach and our recent work in constructing them to all orders will then be described. A proof will be presented that to all orders these theories have the same spectrum as free Bosonic String Theory. I will conclude my attempts to compliment these results on the basis of canonical QFT and the implications for QCD‐Strings.


This paper summarizes and evaluates various approaches, methods, and techniques for pursuing fairness in artificial intelligence (AI) systems. It examines the merits and shortcomings of these measures and proposes practical guidelines for defining, measuring, and preventing bias in AI. In particular, it cautions against some of the simplistic, yet common, methods for evaluating bias in AI systems, and offers more sophisticated and effective alternatives. The paper also addresses widespread controversies and confusions in the field by providing a common language among different stakeholders of high-impact AI systems. It describes various trade-offs involving AI fairness, and provides practical recommendations for balancing them. It offers techniques for evaluating the costs and benefits of fairness targets, and defines the role of human judgment in setting these targets. This paper provides discussions and guidelines for AI practitioners, organization leaders, and policymakers, as well as various links to additional materials for a more technical audience. Numerous real-world examples are provided to clarify the concepts, challenges, and recommendations from a practical perspective. accuracy and utility. In turn, lower accuracy reduces fairness at an individual level. A methodical approach toward closing the gap between groups involves revisiting the measures of equal treatment (e.g., examination of input data, representation of groups, self-reinforcing feedback loops, and feature selection). In certain cases, and when legally permitted, the AI designer may deliberately include certain demographics in the model to close the gaps at the group level (as in the example of using commute times to predict attrition). The inclusion of demographics in the model also enables the co-optimization of fairness and accuracy. These advanced techniques should only be employed by sophisticated developers who can fully examine the impact of such attributes on accuracy and bias.


The complete text of the scripts, from the 12 programmes which made up the TV comedy series, "Fawlty Towers". The scripts of the programmes that turned Basil and Sybil, Polly, the Major and the hapless Manuel into international cult figures, are complemented by photographs.


Bridget Anderson and Julia O'Connell Davidson prepared this report as independent consultants to the International Organization for Migration. Opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of IOM. _______________ IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental body, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks are due to the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Sida and Save the Children Sweden, which funded the pilot research reported here and to the following people who were involved in research design and data collection: The support of the Economic and Social Research Council of Great Britain (Award No. R000239794) is also gratefully acknowledged, and we are indebted to Esther Bott who is working with us on the ESRC funded project. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect those who funded or took part in the research. 3. The Sex Sector 16 3.1 Masculinity, social conformity and the use of commercial sex 17 3.2 The demand for youthful prostitutes 19 3.3 Demand for migrant sex workers 20 3.4 Attitudes towards trafficked and otherwise " unfree " prostitutes 23 4. Domestic Work 27 4.1 The social profile of an employer 28 4.2 Reasons for employing migrants in private households 29 4.3 Contract and duty 33 4.4 Age and domestic work 34 4.5 Attitudes towards trafficked and otherwise unfree domestic workers 35 4.6 Denying, humanizing and rationalizing the exploitation of unfree/ trafficked workers 37 The ASEM Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (2001), stressed the need to encourage research on the demand for the most common forms of exploitation of trafficked women and children, in particular for commercial sex services, and recommended a multi-country study into the demand side of trafficking as one of its follow-up actions. In response to this recommendation, the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Sida and Save the Children Sweden, commissioned the authors to coordinate a pilot research study on the demand underlying two sectors where the labour/services of trafficked persons are known to be subject to exploitation: prostitution and domestic work. This report sets …


The most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage is uterine inertia in the cesarean section.Timely and effective hemostatic method in the cesarean section will reduce not only the risk of hysterectomy due to postpartum hemorrhage and amount of bleeding greatly but also the happen of postoperative complications,that may improve the maternal quality of life in the future.The paper mainly discusses methods of treatment of uterine inertia in the cesarean section.


When self assembled monolayers (SAMs) containing redox centres behave ideally it is a relatively straight forward process to interpret cyclic sweep voltammograms and extract
 thermodynamic and kinetic information. Unfortunately it is rare that the criteria for ideality are met and other models have to be developed from which to extract information. This review
 discusses some of the factors which influence the cyclic voltammetry of redox SAMs in particular focussing on how double layer effects influence reversible and irreversible voltammograms.
 The differences between Butler-Volmer kinetics and Marcus theory kinetics are also discussed.


The present invention relates to a medicament for the treatment of eczema, which is a pharmaceutical drug prepared in accordance with the following parts by weight: 4 to 8 parts Acanthopanax, Euonymus feather 3 to 6 parts, 2 to 5 parts of Bupleurum, 3 to 6 parts Alisma, Plantago 0.1 to 1 part, 3 to 6 parts of honeysuckle, Dictamni 2 to 6 parts, alum 1 to 4 parts, 3 to 7 parts by lily and Cnidium 2 to 6 parts. Drugs prescribed for the treatment of eczema the present invention is a simple, clear effect, patient compliance strong, is suitable for mass in clinical practice.


Materials and Methods 2 samples of each allergen were examined, one 6 years old, the other manufactured a few days before. All allergens had been stored at room temperature, enclosed in their original opaque packaging, 9110 in petrolatum, only formaldehyde in water. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) or colorimetry (C) were used for chemical analysis (Table 1). Patch tests with both series of allergens were performed in 26 sensitized patients, using Van der Bend square chambers and Scanpor tape, on opposite sides of the upper back. Patches were removed after 2 days and results read 1 h and 1 day later.