In this paper we consider the ways in which concepts of and attitudes towards 'disability' affect disabled people's ability to move freely within public spaces. We first set the paper in context by briefly discussing recent developments in and ongoing debates on the conceptualisation of disability which have accompanied the growing disability rights movement. Next we examine feminist literature relating to the links between biology and the body and the social status of women and draw out parallels for the analysis of disabled people's social situation. We then discuss a possible framework for the analysis of disabled people's experience of public space. Finally, to illustrate the reflexive relationship between bodily and social experience, we draw on in-depth interview material from a case study of visually impaired people in Reading and Leeds, England.


Aim: To locate the wide type DNA polymerase β(polβ) in the NIH3T3 cell line.Methods: The enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP GAAB2 C3-polβ carrying wild type DNA polyβ gene was transfected into NIH3T3 cell line using the method of lipofeciamine.The location of DNA polβ gene-encoded protein in cells was observed under convert fluorescent microscope.NIH3T3 cells transfected with pEGFP-C3 were used as control.Results: The transfected cells all had GFP expression,which proved that the transfection was successful.The wide type DNA polβ gene GAAB2 encoded protein located mainly in the nuclei of DNA polβ gene transfected NIH3T3 cells and the GFP expression in nuclei was stronger than that in cytoplast;whereas the GFP expression had no difference between cytoplast and nuclei in pEGFP-C3 transfected NIH3T3 cells.Conclusion: Wide type DNA polβ gene-encoded protein locates in the nuclei of NIH3T3 cell line.


Until a few years ago, the Roman site of Allianoi in modern western Turkey was little more than a name. It was famous for its warm springs, which attracted visitors particularly from the bigger city of Pergamum, some fifteen miles away. Galen mentions the hot spring, and his contemporary, the orator Aelius Aristeides, spent some time there on the instructions of the healing god, Asclepius. A series of excavations between 1998 and 2006 brought to light many buildings in this ancient spa town, which was lavishly rebuilt, like much of Pergamum itself, in the time of the Emperor Hadrian (reigned AD 117–38). As well as a main street to the south of the river Ilyas, a large bath complex was discovered on the other side of the river, with pools and statues. Two inscriptions reveal dedications to the healing god Asclepius, whose temple at Pergamum was one of the wonders of the ancient world.


This study aimed to test the null hypothesis that platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), as an immediate postextraction graft material, produces bone that is histomorphometrically no different than bone derived from healing without intervention. The authors compared split-mouth human bone biopsy specimens derived from PRF with bone that had healed without intervention. Eight human bone biopsies were successfully harvested from four patients. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) percent of newly formed osteoid was 9.9% ± 5.9% for specimens derived from PRF, and 4% ± 2.1% for specimens derived from the control sites (P = .089; 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.5-18.1 and 1.6-6.6, respectively). Mean ± SD percent of new mineralized bone was 40.8% ± 10.3% for the PRF specimens and 43.9% ± 16.8% for the control specimens (P = .72, 95% CI, 33.4-55.6 and 19.3-55.5, respectively). Newly formed bone to fibrovascular tissue ratios for specimens in the PRF and control groups were 51%:49% and 48%:52%, respectively. Within the limitations of this study, the null hypothesis could not be rejected. Bone derived from PRF histologically did not differ from bone that healed without intervention.


Traffic flow is simulated in a two-dimensional cellular automaton model with an additional regularity on the initial placement of cars: the equal number of cars in rows and columns of the square lattice. Among the ultimate traffic states, the commensurate velocity states are found, where the mean velocity is constant. Reduction of the randomness shifts the critical density for the traffic jam to the higher densities.


This technical history is intended to provide a technical audience with an introduction to the rendezvous and proximity operations history of the Space Shuttle Program. It details the programmatic constraints and technical challenges encountered during shuttle development in the 1970s and over thirty years of shuttle missions. An overview of rendezvous and proximity operations on many shuttle missions is provided, as well as how some shuttle rendezvous and proximity operations systems and flight techniques evolved to meet new programmatic objectives. This revised edition provides additional information on Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, and Apollo/Soyuz. Some chapters on the Space Shuttle have been updated and expanded. Four special focus chapters have been added to provide more detailed information on shuttle rendezvous. A chapter on the STS-39 mission of April/May 1991 describes the most complex deploy/retrieve mission flown by the shuttle. Another chapter focuses on the Hubble Space Telescope servicing missions. A third chapter gives the reader a detailed look at the February 2010 STS-130 mission to the International Space Station. The fourth chapter answers the question why rendezvous was not completely automated on the Gemini, Apollo, and Space Shuttle vehicles.


Excitable or oscillatory dynamics occur in many models of biological systems, including in particular models of cardiac dynamics. Often such systems are subject to a periodic stimulus, and the question arises as to when they can be entrained. In the first part of this paper we study this question for systems modeled by differential equations that have a periodic solution. Little is assumed about the oscillator, except that in each cycle it has an observable event called a marker event. In electrically active cells such as those in the S A node, the marker event could be taken as the point of maximum transmembrane potential difference. Although there are mathematical models of such cells,' in general it is not required that a detailed model be known in order for the theory to be applicable. Usually the response of an oscillator to a stimulus, as measured by an advance or delay of the next marker event, varies according to the phase at which the stimulus is given.' A plot of the phase shift of the next marker event versus the phase a t which the stimulus is given is called aphase response curve (PRC). These are useful in predicting ranges of entrainment and stability of a periodically perturbed oscillator when the pertubation is a pulse and the component of the flow normal to the periodic orbit decays so rapidly that the effect is simply a translation along the ~ r b i t . ~ ~ In this case, the stimulus-response behavior is well approximated by a smooth circle map, and a great deal is known about the dynamics of such maps6.' Here we show that the P R C can also be used in case the relaxation of the normal components occurs a t a finite rate, provided that the forcing is weak. We find that the shape of the PRC can be computed once the Fourier expansion of the forcing function is known. In particular, when the forcing is a simple sinusoid the P R C is also a simple sinusoid. As an application of the theory we compute the range of entrainment of S A node cells under periodic forcing by acetylcholine, using the model developed by Yanagihara et al.' As we shall see, the range of entrainment predicted by the P R C is very close to the numerically computed range of entrainment. In the second part we consider the phase-locking problem for excitable systems. Such systems are a t least as important in the biological context as forced oscillatory systems, but until recently this aspect has not been studied in any depth. Here an excitable system is one whose dynamics have the following properties: (1) there is a rest point or steady state that is globally attracting relative to some large set in phase space,


Tissue culture is a technique for immunization and separation of tissues in manufactured medium under in vitro condition. It is a gathering of test strategies by utilizing organs, tissues and cell in a simulated medium under in vitro aseptic environment. Banana is real natural product crop in India as Maharashtra stands first in banana creation and efficiency in India. By utilizing miniaturized scale spread system these plants are refined in labs and this technique is a vegetative proliferation. Ordinarily banana is developed by utilizing suckers. In agriculturist's thought, tissue refined plants are getting to be mainstream. This strategy produces infection free plant stocks and is spread by meristem tip culture. In meristem tip culture there is a partition of undifferentiated plant cells which are not valuable cells from shoot tips. Steps required in meristem tip society are: selection of explants, readiness and disinfection of explant, preparation and cleansing of society media, inoculation of explant, hatching of explant in development rooms with looked after temperatures, sub refined of explants, hardening and so on. Banana is imperative organic product crop with 97.5 million tons of generation everywhere throughout the world. In India as it backings work of a great many individuals. Banana development possesses around 20% region among the aggregate region under yield in India. The vast majority of banana yields are developed by planting suckers.


Polyaniline and its composites with PEG, ZnO have been prepared via biomimetic method. The presence of these polymers (PEG) hinders the growth of large particles due to a diffusion-limited process. The particle size decreases from PAni (60.3 nm)>PAni-PEG (42.7 nm)>PAni- ZnO (34.5 nm)>PAni-PEG-ZnO (16.1 nm). These materials have been characterized by FTIR, UV-visible, XRD, SEM, TGA and AC Impedance spectroscopy techniques. The AC Impedance measured data were simulated using CNLS fitting software in the frequency range of 10-3 Hz to 1011 Hz for best resolution using the parameters of the equivalent circuit. It was found that there was a marked difference in AC impedance spectra, corresponding equivalent circuit elements and relaxation times depending on the particle size of the nanomaterials.


The present is an attempt to evaluate the antispermatogenic activity of methanol extract of Nyctanthes arbortristis stem bark in male albino rats. Methanol extract of N. arbortristis stem bark was administered orally to adult male albino rats at the dose level of 100 mg/kg b.wt. for 60 days. On day 61 st the rats were autopsied, the testes and accessory reproductive organs were removed and weighed. The organs were processed for biochemical estimations and histopathological observations. Sperm motility and sperm density in cauda epididymis were also assessed. The results revealed that the Nyctanthes stem bark extract treatment caused a significant decrease in weight of testes and accessory reproductive organs whereas body weight did not showed any significant change when compared to control. Sperm motility as well as sperm density reduced significantly, which resulted in total suppression of fertility. Significant reduction was also observed in biochemical estimation of testicular protein, sialic acid, glycogen and seminal vesicular fructose whereas cholesterol content of testes was increased. A marked diminution in the germ cell population was noticed. Production of spermatids declined by 64.29 %. Seminiferous tubular diameter and Leydig cell nuclear area showed notable reduction. The Sertoli cells count and its cross-sectional surface area was also significantly reduced. There was no significant alteration in the blood and serum parameters throughout the course of investigation. In conclusion Nyctanthes arbortristis methanol stem bark extract causes impairment of testicular function and affects spermatogenesis in male rats.


Abstract A Bochner mean square deviation for random elements of 2-convex Banach lattices is introduced and investigated. Results, analogous to the law of large numbers for squares of random elements are proved in some classes of Köthe function spaces.


This paper describes Heterocerus hardei, a new species of Heteroceridae beetle (Coleoptera) from Bahar Dar in the Gojam region of Ethiopia. The species is closely related to Heterocerus peringueyi Grouvelle 1919 (bredoi group).


AIM: To investigate the effects of low-dose theophylline on differentiation of the naive T lymphocyte. METHODS: Naive T lymphocytes and monocytes were isolated from cord blood in neonate. Theophylline (10 mg·L-1 ) was added in naive T lymphocytes and monocytes which stimulated by PHA (200 mg·L-1 ) for 3 days, and the differentiation of T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokines were measured by enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay ( ELISA ). RESULTS: Theophylline significantly promoted differentiation fromTh1 cells to naive T cells ( P 0.05) , but it had no significant effect on differentiation to Th2. The ratio of Th1/ Th2 was increased ( P 0.05). The production of IL-4 and IL-5 were lower and IFN-γ was higher than that in the control group ( P 0.05). CONCLUSION: Low-dose theophylline can modulate the differentiation of naive T cells and exert its anti-inflammatory effect.


Curing children of cancer is wonderful, but it is not without other risks, as we are beginning to learn. In 1964 only 2% of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) survived five years. 1 Now, if treated with optimal therapy, 50% of these children survive five years or longer. 2 With increased survival, ALL in childhood has revealed its heterogeneous nature. It appears to be a mixture of diseases as indicated by dissimilar natural histories related to such factors as cell surface markers and cytogenetic abnormalities. 3,4 Prognosis is related to these characteristics as well as to age at onset, sex, and initial WBC count. 5 The risk of ALL is increased in certain families, 6 after childhood radiation exposure, 7 and in some immunodeficiency states. 8 Increased survival in ALL has also generated increased reporting of second malignant neoplasms as described by Mosijczuk and Ruymann in this issue of


This study sought to explore the relationship between good governance and economic growth among the East Africa Community (EAC) countries. The study utilized panel data to analyse six major World Bank governance indicators namely: Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law and Control of Corruption effect on economic growth in the respective country and region for the period 1999-2013. The Random effect model (REM) and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimation techniques were employed for comparative analysis. The study showed that among the governance indicators, political stability, quality regulatory and control of corruption were significant. The first two indices were negatively related to economic growth rate while the latter was positively related to economic growth rate. From the OLS models, voice and accountability had a significant effect on economic growth rate in Kenya and Uganda. The quality of regulation had significant effect in Kenya and Tanzania while rule of law was found to be significant only in Kenya. The study suggests that in order to advance the economic performance in EAC countries, the EAC states need to invest in more effective regulation on both public and private institutions to enhance social, political and sustainable economic interactions. Similarly, the government needs to encourage national cohesion and peaceful co-existence that would foster political stability and reduce violence. By investing in good governance through establishment of key institutions of governance are likely to spur economic growth.


In a search for environmentally friendly metal-chelating ligands for industrial applications, the protonation and complex formation equilibria of iminodisuccinic acid (IDS) and 3-hydroxy-2,2′-iminodisuccinic acid (HIDS) with Cd2+, Hg2+, and Pb2+ in aqueous 0.1 mol L−1 NaNO3 solution were studied at 25°C by potentiometric titration. Models for complexation and stability constants of the different complexes were determined for each metal ion using the computer program SUPERQUAD. In all cases, complex formation was dominated by stable ML2− complexes.


Several analytical methods for investigating the problem of vehicle/guideway dynamic interactions are presented. These methods include several digital programs, each tailored to solve a particular aspect of the vehicle/guideway problem. Also included are computerized frequency domain methods for rapid estimation of system sensitivity to principal parameters and for use in selecting candidate guideway parameters. The major tool is the full scale vehicle/guideway dynamic interaction simulation, TRAVSIM, which includes coupled vehicle/guideway dynamics, independently generated guideway roughness profiles, and data processing for obtaining vehicle output data in the various ride quality formats. An example of the use of these methods to analyze the effects of guideway roughness and flexibility on a specific vehicle is illustrated. Roughness parameters are given in terms readily understandable to guideway contractors and include camber, pier settlement, pier survey error and surface finish. Results show that it is possible to vary roughness and cross section parameters and tolerances while achieving equivalent vehicle performance. Therefore, it seems possible to allow the guideway contractor to select the least costly set of tolerances to achieve the specified ride quality.


In the pathogenesis of steroid induced femoral head necrosis only intraand extravascular factors have been discussed. Vasoreactivity of intraosseous femoral head arteries has not previously been investigated. This study investigates the effect of long term glucocorticoid treatment on reactivity of intraosseous femoral head arteries in a porcine model. From 24 immature female Danish Landrace pigs from 12 litters, 12 animals received 100 mg methylprednisolone (orally) daily for 3 months. Their 12 sister pigs served as controls and received no corticosteroid. After sacrificing the animal, resistance arteries (diameter approximately 250 ~.~m) were isolated from the femoral head epiphyseal cancellous bone and mounted as ring preparations on a small vessel myograph for measurement of isometric force development. The vasocontractory response to increasing doses of noradrenaline was not altered by methytprednisolone treatment. After submaximal precontraction by noradrenaline, vasorelaxation by sodium nitroprusside was not altered by methylprednisolone treatment. Only part of both experimental groups showed vasorelaxation to substance P and increasing doses of bradykinin. Increasing dose of endothelin-1 evoked vasoconstriction in both experimental groups. Sensitivity to endothelin-1 was increased after 3 months of methylprednisolone treatment. The response of isolated intraosseous femoral head arteries to endothelin-1 after tong term glucocorticoid treatment in the pig is enhanced and appears to be unchanged for other physiologic vasoactive substances. Presented in part as a Young Investigator Award Competition of the 42 na Annual World Congress International College of Angiology, San Diego, California, June 2000. The experiment complied with the Danish Law on Animal Experiments and was approved by the Danish Ministry of Justice. Correspondence to: W. Drescher, M.D., A.F.I.C.A., Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark Introduction Glucocorticoid treatment is a known etiology for nontraumatic femoral head necrosis, but the pathomechanism of steroid induced femoral head necrosis is still under discussion [15]. It has been shown that short term high dose methylprednisolone treatment reduces bone blood flow in a pig model [4]. Intra[6] and extravascular factors [1,3] have been studied in relation to steroid induced femoral head necrosis. Vasoreactivity of intraosseous femoral head arteries has not previously been investigated [14,21], The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of long term glucocorticoid treatment on vasoreactivity of intraosseous femoral head arteries in a porcine model. Materials and Methods


When set up through an explicit path, dynamic Multi-Segment
Pseudowires (MS-PWs) may be required to provide a simple solution for
1:1 protection with diverse primary and backup MS-PWs for a service,
or to enable controlled signaling (strict or loose) for special MS-
PWs. This document specifies the extensions and procedures required to
enable dynamic MS-PWs to be established along explicit paths.


Basing on the core material and geophysical research methods in wells data, was made the comparing analysis of electrometric facies models. Developed the express method of databases preparation with using of MS Excel software and MS-DOS software environment. Chosen the methodic of adequate sediments affiliation to varying litho-facial sedimentation environment definition. Made the plot of Alymskaya formation productive horizon paleogeographic map. Made the assessment of made work productive importance. Developed data bases express preparation method allow to significantly reduce the time spending on the data preparation and operatively supplement and reconstruct the litho-facial environment. On example of 51 wells was made the litho-facial analysis with using of electrometric models and core data, as well as with using of electrometric models only, what allowed to fully and precisely define the confinement of those or other sediments to certain litho-facial sedimentation environments. Experimental plot of productive horizon was defined by litho-facial zones by common similarity of electrometric models SP-logs in wells. Using of this methodic can make possible to make litho-facial analysis much adequate and qualitatively, with absence and inaccessibility of input information part and basing only on the few number of core and electrometric facial model data. The further using of methodic will allow not only to create the full and detailed conceptual paleogeographic deposit model, but to make the work of bad extraction causes definition and enhanced oil recovery.


The article describes the lean method developed by the authors, which can be used in the development and scientific substantiation of experimental canned food heat treatment regimes for an industrial autoclave at the preliminary selection stage. The ways for improving the lean method to modernized using methods and means of automation are considered. The modernized method application will allow the fishing enterprises to increase efficiency within the lean production concept. The laboratory autoclave AVK-30M, the industrial autoclave ASCAMAT-230 and their automatic control systems are described. The description of experimental study for the development canned food heat treatment regimes is considered.


In our country,the ownership of water is exerted by the government,which is the representation of China,while the utilization of water belongs to natural person and juristic person.The subjects related to water resources bear the dual properties of being administrative and civil.It not only raises the discussion on the characteristics of water right but also cannot meet the needs of water protection and utilization in reality.Defining water characteristics as water possession can contribute to tackling theoretical predicament,preventing the waste of water,and better realizing the value of water.


Jiyuan area,in southern Ordos Basin,is located at the structure unit between Shanbei Slope and Tianhuan Depression.The exploratory degree is low here,thus,the study on depositional system,sedimentary facies,reservoir distribution,traps accumulation,and the hydrocarbon enrichment of the member 3 and 4+5 of Yanchang Formation is not enough.Based on the outcrop,core and well log data,the lithologic characteristics,well log form and sedimentary microfacies are analyzed.The result shows that the member 3 and 4+5 are mainly composed of delta and lacustrine depositional systems,which can be further divided into two subfacies and five microfacies.According to the distribution and evolution rule of the sedimentary microfacies,the depositional model of the study area can be obtained.


HEMANGIOMA about the head and neck is in itself not a rarity in the field of otolaryngology. Weaver 1 recently reported three cases: In one hemangioma involved the external ear; in another, the middle ear and mastoid, while in a third it occurred in the ethmoid region. However, a case of hemangioma of the external ear, face, and pharyngeal and laryngeal mucosa of sufficient extent to become a source of respiratory obstruction is sufficiently uncommon to warrant its presentation. LITERARY EVOLUTION OF THE DISEASE Sturge, 2 in 1879, first described a case of an epileptiform seizure (which he attributed to a lesion of one of the vasomotor centers of the brain) in an adult having a "port-wine stain" of the face. Kalischer, 3 in 1897, first reported on the various changes in the brain of a child who had both a port-wine mark on the face and scalp and a


The synthesis of methyl 4,7-anhydro-5,6,8-tri-O-benzyl-2,3-dideoxy-D-allo-oct-2-ynoate (2) and its D-altro isomer (5) is reported; the ester (5) reacts with benzyl azide to give two isomeric triazoles (10) and (11).


Liang Bua Site Cave is an important residential cave for the development of world history due to the existence in reserved evidences of human evolution in form of a discovery of different species hominins called Homo floresiensis. This particular hominin lived by hunting and gathering food. This present study aims at describing excavated endemic faunas in Liang Bua Site Cave and discussing the utilization of rats as the source of calories for Homo floresiensis in the end of Pleistocene era in Liang Bua. The data in this study are gathered through literature review, observation result from excavation, and interview. The data are analysed by employing qualitative analysis method and zooarchelogy analysis. Echological theory and subsistence theory are used as the rationale for reviewing how the utilization of environmental resources was done by human in the past. The findings of faunas in Liang Bua Cave Site are divided into two groups, namely endemic fauna's group which is found in pleistocene layer, and  modern faunas which is found in holocene layer. The endemic fauna's group of Liang Bua consists of various species such as komodo (Varanus komodoensis), giant stork (Leptoptilos robustus), pygmy stegodon (Stegodon florensis insularis), and 8 rat species such as the giant Papagomys armandvilley (1000g-1200g), the huge Papagomys theodorverhoeveni (700g-1000g) and Spelaeomys florensis (600g-900g), the large Hooijeromys nusatenggara (450g-1000g), the medium Paulamys naso (200g-300g) and Komodomys rintjanus (140g), the small Rattus hainaldi and Rattus exulans (50g). These endemic faunas are discovered on the same layer as Homo floresiensis and associated with lithic artifacts. Therefore, it is assumed that Homo floresiensis hunted these faunas to sustain its life.


PATIENTS WITH asthma are missing out on vital advice to helpthem control their symptoms, according to figures released by the National Asthma Campaign.


nificantly greater density of myotubes differentiated on laminin as compared to fibronectin, collagen IV, and collagen I lines. Next, we examined myotube formation on 20, 50, 100, and 200mm line widths of LAM with line spacings of 10, 15, 20, and 30mm and found that uniaxial myotube formation was achieved on widths less than 200mm and spacings greater than 15mm. MTFs grown on line widths‡ 50mm exhibited twitch stresses> 10 kPa. These results demonstrate that the skeletal MTF assay is a viable tool for elucidating how ECM composition and micropattering influence muscle formation and contractile function. Future work will focus on understanding how micropatterned ECM cues influence myogenesis and contractility of primary human myoblasts and establishing the MTF assay as a clinically relevant platform for in vitro drug screening.


The final series of experiments is described in which measurements are made on the wear and damage done to the barrels of superimposed and side-by-side shotguns, from which lead and soft iron were fired. A considerable amount of damage had occurred with the soft iron during the firing of 300 rounds or less, and subsequent firing of 700 rounds caused less severe damage. The lead pellets caused a measurable amount of wear but not of the same magnitude as the soft iron. The criteria established for a successful
candidate to replace lead in shotshells has been met by the 50% lead-iron pellets previously evaluated and this program has therefore been concluded.


This article proposes viable solutions to the traveling freelance teacher problem, which is similar to the traveling salesman with the time window problem. Freelance teachers are usually paid higher than fully employed teachers, but they are often offered fewer hours and a less consistent schedule. However, freelancers can work at more than one private school, private students, and charity-based work at a local hall or religious places such as a mosque. Mosques in Indonesia are located both in urban areas, where many mosques are nearby and in remote villages, sparsely populated rural areas, where the travel time between mosques is significant. The traveling teacher problem is solved by clustering teaching locations using the K-means clustering approach, and clusters are joined to end the route with the shortest distance. This study used the K-means to automatically search for unknown clusters of learning centers similar to a teacher's geolocation. Results show that using K-Means, the approach can recommend a similar learning center to the teacher's requirement at a cluster number index of about 83%. This study also revealed that the best number of clusters was determined by cluster number index, cluster sum of squared errors, silhouette, and time taken.


By presenting the position and role of demonstrating experiments in physics teaching, the essay points out and analyzes the prevalent problems in demonstrating experiments in physics teaching. And it explores the strategies and ways in improving demonstrating experiments.


In this paper the definition and quality of computational reflection are given over the definition of structure reflection. However, as a new programming technology and language semantics description method, Monad has received more and more attention of researchers. As a result it is important to investigate the union of Monad and reflection. The reflection quality of Monad is given and proved in this paper, on the basis of which the corresponding operations in reflection are also defined and proved by shift and reset operations of CPS. Based on the discussion in the paper, it is easy to construct a reflective Monad-oriented program.


The most recent estimate of blackbird damage to ripening sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in North Dakota in 1980 exceeded $6 million. Although less than 5% of the sunflower fields in the state received greater than 10% damage in each of four past survey years, as much as 50% of the total state-wide damage occurred in these fields. This loss can be combated with cost-effective controlSuccessful control requires timely action when blackbirds are in large concentrations. Frightening blackbirds from fields early in the damage season disperses damage and this can result in compensatory growth by sunflower, whereby yields at harvest are largely unaffected. INTRODUCTION North Dakota produced 72 percent of the United States sunflower crop on about 3.5 million acres of land in 1982 (Statistical Reporting Service 1983). Production has increased rapidly since 1959 when only about 13,500 acres were harvested (Thomason 1974). With the expansion of sunflower into every county in North Dakota came an increasing number of complaints of seed losses caused by blackbirds. Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) are primarily responsible for the damage, although Common Grackles (Quiscalus quiscula) and Yellow-headed Blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) are becoming increasingly important. The oil varieties of seed are preferred by Red-winged Blackbirds and bear the brunt of the damage (Besser 1978). State-wide losses to blackbirds are significant and warrant our attention. Damage is not uniformly Yo U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Denver Wildlife Research Center9 Bldg. 169 Denver Federal Center9 P. 0. Box 25266, Denver, Colorado 80225-0266 distributed, rather it is localized and at each foci proportional to the size of nearby marsh roosts. The patterns of damage (how muchs where, and when) to ripening sunflower are highly variable and are influenced by the numbers and species of birds together with the sex and age composition and origin (migratory or resident birds) of the depredating flocks. Weather, planting and harvest dates, crop maturity, and field location in relation to marsh roosts also contribute to variability in damage patterns. This paper briefly summarizes findings from several recent blackbird damage assessment studies conducted on ripening sunflower in North Dakota by personnel of the Denver Wildlife Research Center (DWRC), U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). Data from which blackbird damage patterns were established were collected by DWRC personnel during state-wide9 county-wide, local, and individual sunflower field objective surveys. Our purpose is to summarize the characteristics of these damage patterns in order to develop a practical management strategy. EXTENT AND MAGNITUDE OF DAMAGE North Dakota produced 183,150 tons of sunflower seed on 407,000 acres in 1972 and 1,252,200 tons on 1,880,000 acres in 1978 (Lilleboe 1979). In 19729 blackbirds consumed 1.4% of the North Dakota sunflower crop in 11 eastern counties — the principal areas for the crop (Henne et al. 1979); the damage amounted to $3009000. In 1978, sunflower was grown in all North Dakota counties and the loss to birds was estimated at 1.2% of the crop or $3.2 million (Besser and DeHaven 1980). Thus, blackbirds destroyed 2,564 tons (12.6 Ib/acre) and 15,026 tons (16.0 lb/acre) in 1972 and 1978, respectively (Table 1).


Yellowtail rockfish, Sebastes flavidus, are an important component of the British Columbia (B.C.) trawl fishery. Annual catches of 4000–5000 t represent about 20% of the total rockfish (Sebastes spp.) landings and over 5% of the total domestic trawl landings from the B.C. coast (Rutherford, 1996). The stock assessments for these species have typically relied upon population dynamics models tuned with catchper-unit-of-effort indices (Stanley, 1993) or swept-area surveys (Leaman and Stanley, 1993). However, problems with both these methods have led us to investigate more direct methods. Previous hydroacoustic work indicated that some of the trawlcaught rockfishes are aggregating species and that they are usually found associated with specific bathymetric features (Wilkins, 1986; Leaman et al., 1990; Kieser et al., 1992; Richards et al., 1991). Submersible observations and acoustic tagging of a small number of fish confirmed this association for yellowtail rockfish (Pearcy et al., 1989), although the acoustic tagging did not indicate consistent diel patterns (Pearcy, 1992). This aggregating behavior off the bottom in predictable locations suggests that this species may be a suitable candidate Diel vertical migration by yellowtail rockfish, Sebastes flavidus, and its impact on acoustic biomass estimation


Simple Summary Diffuse liver diseases have a high incidence among the general population and even higher in patients with a solid cancer. Since many patients with a solid tumor die of liver metastases, the aim of this systematic review of the literature was to explore the correlation between diffuse liver diseases and the risk of having liver metastases at diagnosis or during follow-up. To summarize the results of included studies, a meta-analysis was also conducted. The results of our systematic review should encourage the research community to further investigate the complex relationship between the liver's microscopic environment and metastases, which may also affect prognosis and response to therapy. Abstract This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of diffuse liver diseases (DLD) on the risk of synchronous (S-) or metachronous (M-) liver metastases (LMs) in patients with solid neoplasms. Relevant databases were searched for systematic reviews and cross-sectional or cohort studies published since 1990 comparing the risk of LMs in patients with and without DLD (steatosis, viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, fibrosis) in non-liver solid cancer patients. Outcomes were prevalence of S-LMs, cumulative risk of M-LMs and LM-free survival. Risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We report the pooled relative risks (RR) for S-LMs and hazard ratios (HR) for M-LMs. Subgroup analyses included DLD, primary site and continent. Nineteen studies were included (n = 37,591 patients), the majority on colorectal cancer. ROB appraisal results were mixed. Patients with DLD had a lower risk of S-LMs (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.34–0.76), with a higher effect for cirrhosis and a slightly higher risk of M-LMs (HR 1.11 95% CI, 1.03–1.19), despite a lower risk of M-LMs in patients with vs without viral hepatitis (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.40–0.82). There may have been a publication bias in favor of studies reporting a lower risk for patients with DLD. DLD are protective against S-LMs and slightly protective against M-LMs for viral hepatitis only.


An experiment was conducted at Dr. B.S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth Dapoli, Maharashtra to assess the effect of feeding crop residue-based complete ration on nutrient utilization and growth performance of Konkan Kanyal goats. In this experiment 16th Konkan Kanyal bucks similar age and body weights were selected randomly and allocated into four iso-nitrogenous rations viz., T0 (conventional feed + concentrate mixture), T1 (60% Maize stover + 40% conc. mix), T2 (60% Nagali straw + 40% conc. mix.) and T3 (60% Proso-millet straw + 40% conc. mix) with randomized block design in each treatment there were four goats.


A floating sphere composite low density cement slurry system was developed in lab. Its action mechanism was discussed. The optimum composition of the additives in the system was determined as follows: hardening accelerator CK21 2% .dispersant SZA -20.8%-1.0% .filtration reducer TD - 80 1.2% , micro silicon 8% ,the dosage of retarder adjusted as the need of work thickening time. The results of lab study showed that the system had the characters of low density, high compressive strength and good setting stability. It was an effective material to improve the cementing quality in low - pressure wells which was prone to leak off.


@RacheGabriel @dr_dennis The very first thing the university president said to me when we met at the new faculty welcome social, even before the


Logopenic Progressive Aphasia is a rare language disorder characterised by repetition and naming difficulties, reflecting the progressive degeneration of left-lateralized peri-sylvian temporal and inferior parietal regions. Mounting evidence suggests that cognitive impairments in this syndrome extend beyond the language domain to include episodic encoding and retrieval disturbances. To date, it remains unknown whether autobiographical memories from across the lifespan are also subject to decline, yet this information is critical to arrive at a comprehensive understanding of the Logopenic syndrome. The objective of this study was to provide the first in depth examination of autobiographical memory function in Logopenic Progressive Aphasia using the Autobiographical Interview, a validated semi-structured interview which assesses recollection of the past under free and probed recall conditions. Autobiographical memory performance in 10 well-characterised Logopenic Progressive Aphasia patients was contrasted with that of 18 typical amnestic Alzheimers disease and 16 healthy Control participants. Relative to Controls, Logopenic Progressive Aphasia cases showed marked impairment in the free recall of episodic details, scoring comparably to disease-matched cases of Alzheimers disease. This impairment was evident across all time periods and persisted even when formal structured probing was provided. Importantly, controlling for overall level of language disruption failed to ameliorate the autobiographical memory impairment in the Logopenic Progressive Aphasia group, suggesting a genuine amnesia spanning recent and remote memories. Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed that total episodic information retrieved in Logopenic Progressive Aphasia was associated with decreased grey matter intensity predominantly in a bilateral posterior parietal network. Taken together, our findings reveal for the first time the presence of marked remote and recent autobiographical memory impairments in Logopenic Progressive Aphasia, that cannot be explained solely due to their language difficulties or disease staging. Our findings hold important clinical implications for the accurate characterization of Logopenic Progressive Aphasia, and suggest that episodic memory difficulties should be considered as one of the core clinical features of this syndrome.


The perennial wild species Hordeum bulbosumis closely related to cultivated barley (H. vulgare) and possesses useful traits such as disease resistance. Introgression of desirable genes into barley has recently been achieved by backcrossing fertile triploid hybrids between H. vulgare (2x) and H. bulbosum (4x) to barley. Single and double monosomic chromosome substitution plants were also developed from similar crosses, but consistent chromosome pairing and stability has been difficult to achieve. Since temperature influences chromosome behaviour in H. vulgare×H. bulbosum hybrids, the effect of two temperatures (15 and 21°C) on dividing somatic ovary wall cells and pollen mother cells was investigated. At 21°C, most of the plants contained higher proportions of cells with less than the full chromosome complement, indicating elimination of the H. bulbosum monosomes. However, at 21°C, homoelogous chromosome pairing tended to be greater than at 15T. To promote high chromosome pairing and stability, optimum temperatures should be further determined to enable genetic recombination to take place.


Screening tests in bacteriology are not new. However, recent mechanized and automated techniques have greatly increased our technical capacity in this respect, which could lead to an uncritical extension of screening, with the accumulation of large amounts of data which are impossible to assess. Normal values must first be established and this may require detailed surveys of, for example, the antibody levels found in populations and the significance or lack of significance of particular bacteria or viruses in the material from which they are isolated. The uses to which screening tests are put need care. In Britain, the labour of routine screening of food handlers for enteric pathogens is considered scarcely worth while except in special circumstances such as contact of the food handler with relevant infectious disease (Howie, 1970). Those who press for such vast screening programmes need to say if the food handlers should be screened annually, monthly, or dailyand why one interval is chosen rather than another. On the other hand, the screening of waterworks employees to detect typhoid and paratyphoid carriers is probably worth doing because the work is not on such a scale as seriously to divert resources from more productive use.


When electrons from a plasma enter a water surface, they collide with the water molecules and lose their energy, eventually becoming hydrated electrons, which are an important species for radical formation in liquid water. Although gas discharge plasmas in contact with water are an easy source of hydrated electrons, their production processes are not clearly understood. In this study, Monte Carlo simulations of electrons in liquid water were performed to investigate the production of a hydrated electron and radical species by low-energy electron irradiation of the water surface from an atmospheric-pressure plasma. The incident electrons were assumed to have a Maxwellian energy distribution with mean electron energy ranging from 1 to 10 eV. The production of hydrated electrons by electron irradiation of 3 eV reached a peak near the gas–liquid interface, and the electrons spread to a depth of approximately 17 nm. OH and H are also generated near the water surface.


The correlation between conduction and lifetime in HfSiON films has been characterized with reference to the inhomogeneous distribution of defects. The electrical effects that are induced by the nitrogen have been also investigated. The temperature dependence of the leakage current revealed that the inclusion of nitrogen atoms transformed the defect levels, leading to a reduction in leakage current and improved breakdown lifetime. Moreover, it was also found that nitridation leads to a suppression of the dispersion of defects. The characteristics of oxygen vacancies were demonstrated in terms of nitridation effects.


Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT) is aimed at treating allergy by modifying the immunological response to allergens.
 However, administration of the causative allergen by Subcutaneous Immunotherapy (SCIT) to a sensitized patient
 may result in severe, and rarely fatal, systemic reactions. The identification of risk factors for anaphylaxis, especially
 concomitant uncontrolled asthma, has led to a significant reduction, but not yet elimination, in fatalities. The
 option of Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT) has been shown to be safer, with no fatalities reported thus far and
 including rare episodes of anaphylaxis, but the fact that the treatment is self-administered by the patient requires
 precautions and careful education.


ABSTRACT This paper examines the use of single-source, survey-based targeting data to complement ratings data for television media planning. we argue that the essence of targeting rests in determining the relative concentration of product users in various media audiences. This product-media concentration reflects the motivation and lifestyles of product and media users and is unlikely to vary significantly over time or across markets. Using data from SMRB, we argue that the product-media selectivity captured in the selectivity-index can be combined with conventionally measured ratings data to accurately estimate target market ratings. These, in turn, can be used for more accurate, cost-efficient television media planning.


Flood is one of the worst natural disasters that cause significant economic damage and loss of lives. Flood estimation is often required in the design and safety assessment of water infrastructure like bridges, culverts and flood control levees. Rainfall runoff model is often used in design flood estimation, which needs various inputs such as rainfall and catchment characteristics including rainfall duration, rainfall intensity, rainfall temporal patterns and losses. Loss is defined as the amount of precipitation in a rainfall event that does not appear as direct surface runoff at the stream gauge. The objective of this paper is to derive improved initial and continuing loss values using data from selected catchments in New South Wales (NSW). In this paper, a total of 253 rainfall runoff events are selected from five NSW catchments. From the analyses, the median initial loss has been found to be 17 mm which is closer to the lower limit of the Australian Rainfall and Runoff (ARR) 1987 recommended value of 10-35 mm. The median continuing loss value has been found to be 0.94 mm/h which is 62% lower than the ARR recommended value of 2.5 mm/h. The resulting design floods from the observed loss values are likely to be higher than those obtained from the ARR 1987 recommended loss values.


Significance On June 10, 2020, as part of the Black Lives Matter movement, scientists in the United States and throughout the world paused to consider how systematic racism affects the scientific enterprise. As a result, many academic departments are now assessing policies and practices that may contribute to this situation. This paper provides evidence of the nature of inequities related to race–ethnicity and gender in graduate school experiences and career plans of PhD students in one science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) discipline, chemistry. The results can help promote understanding of the problems and guide efforts toward equity within STEM and, potentially, other academic areas. In turn, these changes can strengthen the scientific enterprise and the well-being of society. Recent events prompted scientists in the United States and throughout the world to consider how systematic racism affects the scientific enterprise. This paper provides evidence of inequities related to race–ethnicity and gender in graduate school experiences and career plans of PhD students in the top 100 ranked departments in one science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) discipline, chemistry. Mixed-model regression analyses were used to examine factors that might moderate these differences. The results show that graduate students who identified as a member of a racial/ethnic group traditionally underrepresented in chemistry (underrepresented minorities, URM) were significantly less likely than other students to report that their financial support was sufficient to meet their needs. They were also less likely to report having supportive relationships with peers and postdocs. Women, and especially URM women, were significantly less likely to report supportive relationships with advisors. Despite their more negative experiences in graduate school, students who identified as URM expressed greater commitment to finishing their degree and staying in the field. When there was at least one faculty member within their departments who also identified as URM they were also more likely than other students to aspire to a university professorship with an emphasis on research. Men were significantly more likely than women to express strong commitment to finishing the PhD and remaining in chemistry, but this difference was stronger in top-ranked departments. Men were also more likely than women to aspire to a professorship with an emphasis on research, and this difference remained when individual and departmental-level variables were controlled.


This paper focuses on the capital structure determinants of venture capital backed firms prior to the venture capital investment event. The analyses are carried out on a matched sample of Spanish venture capital backed firms at the expansion stage and similar firms that did not receive venture funding. In the former, the results show that the structure of assets, size and growth opportunities have a positive impact on the debt ratio. Conversely, only profitability is negatively related to the leverage ratio in non venture capital backed firms. Overall, there is stronger evidence on the Pecking Order Theory for venture capital backed firms.


Cognitive growth results from dialectical interactions among different modes of learning and mental attentional capacity. These interactions explain truly novel (creative) performances. The different


Using the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method for conjugate heat transfer problems can provide improved accuracy close to the fluid‐solid interface, localizing the data exchange process, which may further enhance the convergence and stability of the entire computation. This paper presents a framework for the simulation of conjugate heat transfer problems using DG methods on unstructured grids. Based on an existing DG solver for the incompressible Navier‐Stokes equation, the fluid advection‐diffusion equation, Boussinesq term, and solid heat equation are introduced using an explicit DG formulation. A Dirichlet‐Neumann partitioning strategy has been implemented to achieve the data exchange process via the numerical flux of interface quadrature points in the fluid‐solid interface. Formal h and p convergence studies employing the method of manufactured solutions demonstrate that the expected order of accuracy is achieved. The algorithm is then further validated against 3 existing benchmark cases, including a thermally driven cavity, conjugate thermally driven cavity, and a thermally driven cavity with conducting solid, at Rayleigh numbers from 1000 to 100 000. The computational effort is documented in detail demonstrating clearly that, for all cases, the highest‐order accurate algorithm has several magnitudes lower error than first‐ or second‐order schemes for a given computational effort.


In the context of India's changed socio-economic and political environment, communal identity is a subject of agonized debate. 1 In generally, women would like to choose and inhabit multiplicity identity and searching for identity from different Caste, gender, language, nation, region and classes, which are prime struggle for them. They are not denied access to the environment but they are denied all possible rights because they do not know their right, personalities and identity what the community is providing them. The Tribal women in Odisha at least are not becoming conscious or more awake to the point that children must go to school and to get other facilities. Most of women in Tribal belt do their work in forest land or under the local builders and contractors, their income go to husband's pocket and also for other household expenditure. In the same way female children are compelled to support and help to mother in field, mother and children are totally unaware of education and information from the word. Therefore Tribal women get marry in the age of 14, became a mother in age of 15, grandmother in the age of 30 and dies in age of 40. Women in Tribal belt are being defined as just being without proper identity. Women in Tribal belt have been failed to notice for their identity. 1 Indian democracy, writes a commentator, seems inexorably to be moving 'towards the politics of identity which represent and uphold the interests of specific groups based on religious, ethnic, caste, linguistic and minority indefinites. This appears to be the almost natural outcome of a democratic process. As people belonging to different groups become conscious of their indemnities and of their rights and aspirations, they form political parties and try to influence the political process to serve their group interests'. Arjun Sengupta,


Thanks to recent development of geospatial information technology, geospatial information has become essential for disaster response activities. Advancement of Web mapping technology allows us to understand the situation by overlaying various location-specific data on a base maps on the web, and specify the areas which the activities should be focused on. Distribution of reasonable image processing software applying SfM and MVS theory has brought the innovation of auquisition methods of disaster information. 3D modelling technology enables realistic understandings of the relationship between disaster and topography. Geospatial information technology also can support the proper judgement of preparation and emergency response against disaster by the individuals and local communities through such as hazard mapping and information seivices using mobile devices. For instance, mobile phone applications to assist the evacuation of residents and network analysis system of evacuation routes as the risk communication tool among local community have been rapidly popularizing. Thus, spatial presentation technology, the result of geography and cartography, is now more and more taking vital role for all the stages of disaster response and risk management.


Aims: The objective was to determine if perinatal factors and umbilical cord characteristics showed any association with left-handedness in a set of twin subjects.

Subjects: Twins born from 1977 to 1991 and registered in the ongoing East Flanders Prospective Twin Survey (EFPTS) were studied.

Methods: Handedness as the outcome measure was assessed by the Strien (Preference score) questionnaire and the Bishop's card-reaching test (Performance score). Perinatal and umbilical cord characteristics were compared in left and right-handed subjects, adjusting for twin clustering in the data. Random effects logistic modelling was used to predict the odds of being left-handed.

Findings: Out of the 15 factors tested, only 2 had statistically significant relationships with left-handedness when assessed by Strien questionnaire.

Left-handedness was less common in older fathers (odds ratio (OR) per year increase in age=0.95 (0.91-1.00) and in non-primiparous births (OR=0.68 (0.48-0.97)) Left-handedness was also less common in subjects with undefined and mixed umbilical cord windings (OR= 0.61 (0.37-1.00) when compared to clockwise windings), though the factor as a whole was not significant (p=0.13).
Bishop's test did not confirm these findings.
Conclusion: Perinatal factors studied were not found to be significantly associated with
left-handedness.


Eosinophilic granuloma (EG) is an uncommon tumor of bone and soft tissue usually presenting in children. The clinical and radiological features of EG are highly valuable but not sufficient for diagnosis. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry give confirmatory diagnosis. We present here a case of EG localized to the radial head which was diagnosed histopathologically. Immunohistochemistry was done for CD1a, which was positive in our case confirming the diagnosis.


III. OLD BUSINESS A. Facilities 1. Technical Rescue Prop Repair and Certification 2. Education Center Classroom Renovation 3. NORTAF Request Facilities Improvement/Expansion 4. Vertical Training Prop – Relocation of Electric Controls B. Grounds 1. Vehicle Maintenance Support Position 2. Fuel Purchase from Village of Glenview C. Capital Improvement Plan 1. Infrastructure & Training Prop Priorities (Attachment 03) 2. Financial Considerations


Reduction of indium boryl precursors to give two- and three-dimensional M-M bonded networks is influenced by the choice of supporting ligand. While the unprecedented nanoscale cluster [In68 (boryl)12 ]- (with an In12 @In44 @In12 (boryl)12 concentric structure), can be isolated from the potassium reduction of a bis(boryl)indium(III) chloride precursor, analogous reduction of the corresponding (benzamidinate)InIII Br(boryl) system gives a near-planar (and weakly aromatic) tetranuclear [In4 (boryl)4 ]2- system.


An extensive sample of M, L, and T dwarfs identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has been compiled. The sample of 718 dwarfs includes 677 new objects (629 M dwarfs and 48 L dwarfs), together with 41 that have been previously published. All new objects and some of the previously published ones have new optical spectra obtained either with the SDSS spectrographs or with the Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m ARC telescope. Spectral types and SDSS colors are available for all objects; approximately 35% also have near-infrared magnitudes measured by 2MASS (Two Micron All Sky Survey) or on the Mauna Kea system. We use this sample to characterize the color–spectral type and color-color relations of late-type dwarfs in the SDSS filters and to derive spectroscopic and photometric parallax relations for use in future studies of the luminosity and mass functions based on SDSS data. We find that the i* - z* and i* - J colors provide good spectral type and absolute magnitude (Mi*) estimates for M and L dwarfs. Our distance estimates for the current sample indicate that SDSS is finding early M dwarfs out to ∼1.5 kpc, L dwarfs to ∼100 pc, and T dwarfs to ∼20 pc. The T dwarf photometric data show large scatter and are therefore less reliable for spectral type and distance estimation.


In this presentation, we present a procedure and an illustrative application of user-written mathematical optimization programs-Linear Programming(LP) and Mixed Integer Linear Programming(MILP). The LP and MILP programs in Stata will allow researchers to easily access the Stata system and to conduct not only the statistical optimization procedure but also the mathematical optimization. Unfortunately, to date no mathematical programming options for optimization are available in Stata, but a statistical model is available. The user-written mathematical optimization approach in Stata will provide some possible future extensions of non-parametric optimization programming.


Internal combustion (IC) engines are used in a variety of stationary applications ranging from power generation to inert gas production. Both spark ignition and compression ignition engines can be found. Depending on the application, stationary IC engines range in size from relatively small (~50 hp) for agricultural irrigation purposes to thousands of horsepower for power generation. Often when used for power generation, several large engines will be used in parallel to meet the load requirements. A variety of fuels can be used for IC engines including diesel and gasoline among others. The actual fuel used depends on the owners /operators preference but can be application dependent as well. The operation of IC engines results in the emission of hydrocarbons (NMHC or VOC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter (PM). The actual concentration of these criteria pollutants varies from engine to engine, mode of operation, and is strongly related to the type of fuel used. Various emission control technologies exist for IC engines which can afford substantial reductions in all four criteria pollutants listed above. However depending on whether the engine is being run rich, lean, or stoichiometrically and the emission control technology used, the targeted emissions vary as do the levels of control. For example, an oxidation catalyst can be used to control NMHC, CO, and PM emissions from diesel engines which inherently operate in a lean environment, whereas selective catalytic reduction (SCR) could be used to additionally control NOx emissions. More recently, lean-NOx catalysts have been demonstrated to provide greater than a 80 percent reduction in NOx emissions from a stationary diesel engine, while providing significant CO, NMHC, and PM control as well.


A singular class of polymer reactions can be caused by mechanical stress. Sufficient storage of mechanical energy to break chemical bonds in the main chain is generally possible only on deformation of polymers of high molecular weight. The corresponding appropriate conditions of high stress may occur in both polymer processing and use. This review summarizes reports of such polymer stress reactions published principally after 1980. The survey is organized by polymer type and by analysis technique.


Research shows that jaw deviations follow lexical and phrasal stress patterns reflecting the rhythmic structure of English [Erickson (2002), (2010), Erickson et al. (in press), Menezes (2003), Menezes et al. (2003)]. Syllable strength thus can be determined by the amount of jaw displacement regardless of the target vowel. This study systematically analyzes jaw displacement based on the intrinsic variations in vowel height. EMA recordings were analyzed of one speaker producing a short phrase wherein 11 English vowels were spoken in a controlled phonetic environment. The phrase used was "Type X first" where, X was a closed monosyllabic word containing the target vowel surrounded by stop consonants. Stop consonants allow the jaw to start from the bite plane and return to the bite plane therefore all deviations of the jaw are attributed to the articulation of the vowel. The target word was produced in phrase initial, middle and final positions. Comparisons were made across vowel height, tongue root advancemen...


This supporting Document is intended to be used to help locate problems with the 300 Area Treated Effluent Disposal Facility (TEDF) computer Control System.


Objective:study the effects of the Tradition Tibetan Herb Myricaria germanica (L.) Desv.on the acute inflammation and the SOD in the issue.Methods:used the mice as the experimenting animals and the xylene as the inflammation to create the acute inflammation model.Perfusion stomach 7 days by using the water-dissolved Traditional Tibetan Herb Myricaria germanica (L.) Desv.Dosage-high(7.5 g·kg~(-1))and low(3.75 g·kg~(-1),and then measuring the inflammation and the SOD.Results:the high and low dosage of the water-dissolved component of Tradition Tibetan Herb Myricaria germanica (L.) Desv.can restrain notably the tumefaction in auricle which caused by xylene,and the content of the SOD is higher than that in the comparing group and lower than the model group.Conclusion:Traditional Tibetan Herb Myricaria germanica (L.) Desv.can restrain notably the acute inflammation as well as the increasing of the free radical in mice' issue caused by the acute inflammation.


By using an agarose single cell cytotoxicity assay, in combination with rosetting with IgG‐ or IgM‐coated ox red blood cells for detection of Fc receptors for IgG (FcγR) or IgM (FcμR), it was found that 60% of natural killer (NK) cells are FcγR+ and 17% FcμR+. This system was further used to investigate the consequence of FcμR and FcγR triggering on NK killing as measured on the single effector cell level. It was found that stimulation of the FcγR, but not the FcμR, resulted in substantial NK inhibition. In order for NK cells to be inhibited by IgG‐coated ox red blood cells, they must first be exposed to the IgG‐containing complex prior to conjugation with the target. While exposure of the FcμR to immune complexes can block up to 57% of NK activity, the particulate immune complexes do not interfere with binding of effector cells to targets. Modulation of Fcγ R by capping at 37°C does not interfere with the NK inhibition for up to 3 h, though after 20 h, when FcγR+ cells are almost completely modulated, NK activity has fully returned. Although to a lesser extent, the soluble immune complex human transferrin‐anti‐transferrin also reduces NK cell activity when activating effector cell FcγR prior to target cell binding. Also, pretreatment of target cells with high concentrations of specific antibody toward membrane antigens can block NK activity while not inhibiting target cell binding as evidenced by anti‐IgM IgG binding to Daudi cells. The regulatory influence of the FcγR on the NK system is discussed in terms of other functions associated with this receptor and in terms of its possible biological significance.


Computer games involve a rich visual environment, which is usually associated with a fascinating pastime. But what about the visuality of games aimed at solving deep social, scientific, civil problems, where gaming pleasure should be realized along with the achievement of non-game goals? According to the concept of procedural rhetoric (Ian Bogost), any game convinces a person, through simulated situations, to make decisions and take subsequent actions. In the authors' opinion, images in games work in the same way for proceduralism and support of player's actions. To illustrate the scientific discussions about the engaging visuality of computer games, the article reviews publications on the topic (Graeme Kirkpatrick, Paul Atkinson and Farzad Parsayi, Asaf Friedman). Further, the authors offer an image classification for the visual content analysis, which takes into account the stimulating role of images in overcoming game challenges and gaining control over the game world. According to this classification, the visual component of a computer game may contain the following images: image-action; image-perception; imageemotion; image-development. Like many researchers of dynamic images, the authors refer to G. Deleuze's concept of image-motion. However, they rethink his ideas in relation to the nature of computer games, the visual expression plane of which is not so much a spectacle for aesthetic experience, but rather an environment where the observed is a stimulus for the player's physical response. The stimulating role of images is considered in the article on the example of "serious" games designed to help people socially and psychologically. Four game cases (Gris, 2018; Auti-Sim, 2013; SnowWorld, 2003; Dreams, 2020) are analyzed, each embodying a dominant image variant—action, perception, emotion, or development—spurring players to different reactions. The classification discussed and the analysis performed contribute to a better understanding of the nature of computer games.


Accurate values for the location of absorption maxima are important in qualitative analysis by spectrophotometry and for theoretical calculations. Accuracy should increase with sharpness of curvature. For instruments recording linearly in one of three ordinates (T, A, or logA), experience shows that optimum peak sharpness occurs respectively at intermediate transmittance and high absorbance, but independent of logA. Using an empirical equation for the shape of a maximum, the curvature is measured by the second derivative, which can be maximized by inspection or by taking the derivative of this with respect to the ordinate, equating to zero, and solving. When nine published equations are put into the three ordinate forms and differentiated, six give results consistent with experience. On the basis of this result and other factors, four of the equations are recommended as superior, namely the Cauchy function, the Gaussian function, and two combinations of these. Comparison of numerical values for curvatures with the three ordinates predict accuracy to be about equal at T = 37%, A =0.43, and any value of logA, but greatest for A linear if A is increased.


The momentum distribution for the eta' meson produced through the inclusive decay B --> eta'X is investigated under two decay mechanisms: b-->eta's and b-->eta'sg. Although these two mechanisms can explain the recently observed decay rate of B-->eta'X, the momentum spectra for the eta' meson predicted by them are significantly different. Thus a detailed experiment is proposed to distinguish the two cases.


Abstract. The purpose of this study is to find out how the concept of applying character education with the habituation model at SDN Mluweh 01 and whether the application of character education with the habituation model can improve student discipline at SDN Mluweh 01. School Action Research (PTS) is conducted at SDN Mluweh 01 Ungaran Timur District Semarang Regency. The subjects in this PTS are Mluweh 01 Public Elementary School, Ungaran Timur District, Semarang Regency with 183 students divided into 6 classes. The results of this study are that the character education applied with the habituation model in Mluweh 01 Elementary School there are three values namely, religious values, grades discipline, and the value of caring for the environment. While the application of character values through habituation in SDN Mluweh 01 is carried out through programmed activities, routine activities, and spontaneous activities. The application of character education with the habituation model can improve student discipline. This can be seen in the results of a research questionnaire about student discipline that has increased in each cycle. In the pre-cycle stage, student discipline only reached 50%. In the first cycle, the level of student discipline increased and was at 69%. While in the second cycle, the level of student discipline reached 91%. So it can be concluded that the application of character education with the habituation model can improve the discipline of students of SDN Mluweh 01.


"Bloat", a term that has existed in the technical community for many years, has recently received attention in the popular press. The term has a negative connotation implying that human, or system performance is diminished in some way when "bloat" exists. Yet "bloat" is seldom clearly defined and is often a catch-all phrase to suggest that software is filled with unnecessary features. However, to date there are no studies that explore how users actually experience complex functionality-filled software applications and most importantly, the extent to which they experience them in similar/different ways. The significance of understanding users' experience is in the implications this understanding has for design. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, we carried out a study to gain a better understanding of the experiences of 53 members of the general population who use a popular word processor, Microsoft Word, Office 97. As a result we are able to further specify the term "bloat", distinguishing an objective and subjective dimension. It is the discovery of the subjective dimension that opens the design space and raises new challenges for interface designers. There is certainly more to "bloat" than meets the eye.


The temporal evolution of optical nonlinearities is an important element in the choice of materials suitable for applications such as optical switches, real-time optical correlators, and optical memories. In this paper, we report a study of the nonlinear optical properties of a (1) saturable absorber (rhodamine 6G) in solution (water and methanol) and also embedded in a polyvinyl alcohol matrix and (2) a thin film of glass doped with CdSxSe1-x microcrystallites. The temporal response of the phase-conjugate signal obtained by degenerate four-wave mixing, as well as the dynamic of higher-order resonant signals have been investigated by means of a frequency-doubled picosecond Nd:YAG laser. Intensity-dependent relaxation times have been found for some materials. Merit figures (defined as the ratio between the nonlinear susceptibility and its relaxation time) of these media have been considered for different polarization configurations. Physical mechanisms involved in the grating relaxation for these different media will be discussed.


House in the countryside built on three levels for sale in Atessa near the sea and the mountains of Majella.


The paper offers the ways of increasing the efficiency and intensifying the student's independent learning activity. The opportunity of revealing students' metacognitive skills, independence and self-directed learning in the process of education is discussed. It is very important in modern education not only to transfer a certain sum of knowledge, but also to create ability to acquire new knowledge and to study independently. There is a focus on the students' individual selforganizing and self-regulating independent work as the dominant form of students' learning and cognitive activity. The special role is played by metacognitive skills, which are used for solving different problems of studying and different tasks in students' future profession. But there are some difficulties: opportunity to measure precisely the existence of metacognitive skills, opportunity to train metacognitive skills and the choice of methods and techniques in achieving the goal. The paper is focused on self-directed learning, self-instruction and learning to learn as the main requisites for students' professional success. It also offers some methods and assessment methods of metacognitive skills formation. One of the main issues is the assessment of metacognitive awareness and its interpretation. In the paper the usage of technology training metacognitive skills and methods of the assessment of metacognitive awareness is considered.


This article discusses the Fresh Ideas poster session at AWWA's Annual Conference and Exposition (ACE). The goals for the session are to get new members involved in AWWA, encourage student and Young Professionals (YP) participation from all areas of the water industry, get section YP and MAC members involved in section conference program activities, stimulate progressive thinking, and reduce the financial hardship for new members who want to attend ACE. The article discusses AWWA section involvement in the poster session, criteria for judging the Fresh Ideas posters at ACE, results from ACE 2008, and the Fresh Ideas poster session for ACE 2009.


Background: Gastrointestinal hemorrhage from ruptured esophageal varices is of concern in Africa where gastrointestinal fibroscopy for diagnosis is lacking. Purpose: To determine the performance of the length of the spleen, of the platelet count in the diagnosis of esophageal varices (OVs) by specifying the diagnostic thresholds in order to facilitate the prophylaxis of varicose hemorrhages in black African cirrhotic patients. Material and Method: This was a prospective study with a descriptive and analytical aim on cirrhotic patients hospitalized at the university hospital of Bouake (Ivory Coast) from 2017 to 2019. The patients included in the study were the cirrhotic of black race hospitalized having carried out an abdominal ultrasound with measurement of the spleen diameter (SD), an eso-gastro-duodenal endoscopy, and a blood count with platelet count (PC). The first primary endpoint was the diagnosis of esophageal varices in cirrhosis. Cirrhosis was retained by the combination of clinical, biological, ultrasound and endoscopic arguments. The OVs were distributed according to size and the presence of red signs. The platelet count, and the measurement of the spleen to calculate the PC/SD ratio were the second endpoint. The secondary endpoints studied were, the viral and ethyl etiologies of the cirrhosis, the Chlid-Pugh prognostic score. Performance was assessed using the ROC curve. The difference was significant for p less than 0.05. Results: The study included 101 patients; they were 79 men (78.2%) and 22 women (21.8%). The mean age of the cirrhotic patients was 48 ± 14. Esophageal varices were present in (n = 93; 92%) of cases. The different etiologies were hepatitis B virus (HBV) (n = 65; 78.3%), hepatitis C virus (HCV) (n = 21; 25, 3%), and alcohol (n = 6; 7.2%). Platelet count (PC) 130 mm) and PC/SD ratio 102 mm predicted 75% of OVs (AUROC = 0.797). CP with a cutoff 129 mm predicted large OVs. Conclusion: Platelet count, spleen diamater, and PC/SD ratio were all performant for the diagnosis of OVs in our setting with better diagnostic performance for PC/SD. This report could help initiate prophylactic treatment for OVs rupture in cirrhotic patients in health centers where gastrointestinal endoscopy is lacking.


MPOOL is an object-oriented extension to the MPI library, based on three categories of objects, called units, groups and schemes. Units are active objects composed of data (state) and procedures (like traditional passive objects), but with the additional ability to store incoming messages in a queue while they are active and to send messages in parallel to other units; moreover, different units may be active simultaneously. Groups and schemes are passive objects used for the composition of units and the co-ordination of their actions. Groups manage collective communications and synchronization operations such as barriers. Schemes compose units' actions through the use of a set of constructs derived by path expressions. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract Many of today's central banks in Latin America were established in the interwar period. During the 1920s, most of them were designed under the influence of money doctors. The main mandate of these new institutions was to cope with inflation and provide exchange stability. This article analyses how these central banks responded to the onset of the Great Depression. I show that, in accordance with the requirements of the monetary regime, central banks initially acted to prevent capital outflows and to protect their gold reserves. This led to a credit drop to the private sector. Additional credit was made available once governments decided to intervene more actively in the economy, thereby disregarding the advice of money doctors. The central banks that were founded in the 1930s, and the reforms introduced to those already operating, were conceived to face the effects of the crisis.


Abstract Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) is a promising desalination technology for locations where low-cost energy (e.g., waste heat or geothermal energy) is readily available. Modelin...


The 2‐(benzo[d]thiazole‐2′‐yl)‐N‐alkylanilines have previously revealed the presence of a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond. This in turn gives rise to a more complicated multiplet for the protons attached to the carbon adjacent to the amino group. This intramolecular hydrogen bond was investigated by a deuterium exchange experiment using heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, 15 N and 2H). We observed changes in the multiplet structure and chemical shifts providing further evidence that the deuterium replaces the hydrogen in the intramolecular hydrogen bond. A time course study of the D2O exchange confirmed the presence of a strong hydrogen bond. The comparison of the structures obtained by X‐ray crystallography showed a very small difference in planarity between the two‐substituted and four‐substituted amino compounds. In both the cases, the phenyl ring is not absolutely coplanar with the thiazole unit. The existence of this intramolecular hydrogen bond in 2‐(benzo[d]thiazole‐2′‐yl)‐N‐alkylanilines was further confirmed by single crystal X‐ray crystallography. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


We present a novel empirical benchmark for analyzing credit risk using "pseudo firms" that purchase traded assets financed with equity and zero-coupon bonds. By no-arbitrage, the bonds are equivalent to Treasuries minus put options on pseudo-firm assets. Empirically, like corporate spreads, pseudo-bond spreads are large, countercyclical, and predict lower economic growth. Using this framework, we find that bond market illiquidity, investors' over-estimation of default risks, corporate frictions, and constraints on aggregate credit supply do not seem to explain excessive observed credit spreads, but, instead, a risk premium for tail and idiosyncratic asset risks is the primary determinant of corporate spreads. For their comments, we thank Pierluigi Balduzzi, Jack Bao, Hui Chen, Alexander David, Darrell Duffie, Peter Feldḧutter, Stefano Giglio, Zhiguo He, John Heaton, J.B. Heaton, Steven Heston, Erica Li, Francis Longstaff, Monika Piazzesi, Juliana Salomao, Steve Schaefer, Yang Song, Suresh Sundaresan, Andrea Vedolin, and seminar participants at Bocconi University, Stockholm School of Economics, Bank of Canada, Federal Reserve Board, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, University of Maryland, University of Chicago Booth School of Business, the Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance, AQR, CICF, the 2014 NBER Asset Pricing meeting, the 2015 European Summer Symposium in Financial Markets, the 2016 European Finance Association, London Business School, Boston College, Oxford University, and Copenhagen Business School. We thank Bryan Kelly for helping with CME data. The views expressed herein are the authors' and do not necessarily reflect those of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, nor any institutions with which any of the authors are affiliated. A previous version of this paper was briefly circulated with the title "The Empirical Merton Model." Veronesi acknowledges financial support from the Fama-Miller Center for Research in Finance and by the Center for Research in Security Prices at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. Contact information: Christopher L. Culp: email@example.com; Yoshio Nozawa: email@example.com; and Pietro Veronesi: email@example.com.


Abstract This paper proposes a stochastic multi-period pricing model based on the default option value with insurance cycle to examine the interactions among pricing, surplus allocation and solvency for a multiline insurer. The proposed innovative model captures the dynamic aspects of capitalization and the impact of dynamic premium setting on the insurer's solvency and risk management. We derived the equilibrium premium for different insurance contract designs. Our results show that the allocation of surplus per line affects the default of the other lines and depends on the correlation between the solvency ratio and the loss ratio of the line. The presence of the insurance cycle can boost solvency provided that the insurer adopts the right underwriting strategy. Based on the correlation between the solvency ratio and the loss ratio of the line, the insurer can make strategic decision about fair pricing. This makes it possible to reconcile the objectives of pricing with the insurer's solvency and its strategic decision-making in a long-term perspective.


The effects of plant water stress on beneficial and pest insects infesting Delta pine- 50 short-staple cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and Puma S-7 long-staple cotton, Gossypium barbadense L., were studied in 1993 and 1994 in large replicated field plots in central Arizona. Seasonal densities of eggs, nymphs, or adults of the sweet potato whitely, Belicia tabaci (Genius), were reduced 45-69% and 22-36% in plots irrigated weekly compared with those irrigated biweekly in 1993 and 1994, respectively. In 1993, DPL-50 had more white flies of, ill stages than Puma S - 7, but crop termination dates had no effect on seasonal densities of white flies. In 1994, fenpropathrin and faceplate insecticide applications provided greater control of white flies than buprofezin, an insect growth-regulating insecticide. Application thresholds of 1 adult whitely per leaf resulted in lower whitely densities than thresholds of 5 or 10 adults per leaf. In 1994, pink boll worm larvae, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), were reduced in plots treated with fenpropathrin and faceplate and in plots treated for B. tabaci . at the threshold of 1 adult per leaf. More Lyes Hesperus Knight were found in plots irrigated weekly than biweekly in both years. Leaf water potentials (-bars), measured at 3, 7, or 14 d after irrigation in 1993, indicated greater plant water stress in cotton irrigated biweekly at 7 and 14 d after irrigation than in that irrigated weekly at 7 d after irrigation. Yields of seed cotton were greater at thresholds of 1 than at 5 or 10 adult white flies per leaf. Combining reduced plant water stress of weekly irrigation with fenpropathrin and faceplate applied at a threshold of 1 adult whitely per leaf provided the best control of B. tabaci .


Soil aggregates are among crucial factors for determining both the quality and erosion resistance of soils. Biochar is a soil amendment that has seen increasing use to improve specific soil properties, mainly the physical structure and the preserving capacity of water and nutrients, as well as sequestration of soil organic carbon. In this study, we applied the rice husk biochar (RHB) and cattle manure compost (COM) in a sandy loam rural soil, which is widely distributed in southern Taiwan, to investigate the combined effects of the biochar and compost on soil aggregation and dynamic change of organic carbon fractions. Through our incubation experiment, both biochar and compost could promote the soil aggregation after eight weeks incubation. The total amounts of macroaggregates (MaAs, >2.0 mm) and mesoaggregates (MeAs, 0.25–2.0 mm) increased by 1.3–9%. During aggregation processes, a considerably greater amount of the soil organic carbon was found to enrich mainly in MaAs and MeAs in all treatments. The COM addition in the soil further promotes organic carbon enrichment in microaggregates (MiAs, <0.25 mm) + fine particles and MeAs after incubation. Increasing labile organic C (LOC) fractions were significantly found in MaAs and MeAs during aggregation processes, whereas decreasing LOC fractions were found in MiAs. The input of fresh organic matter (RHB and COM) initial acts as binding agents in MiAs, and then further enhances the formation of MeAs and MaAs gradually. In conclusion, RHB promotes the physical protection of organic C by increasing soil aggregation and is hence a management option to enhance the C sequestration potential.


The social web has empowered us to easily share information, express opinions, and engage in discussions on events around the world. While users of social media platforms often o↵er help and emotional support to others (the good), they also spam (the bad) and harass others as well as even manipulate others via fake news (the ugly). In order to both leverage the positive e↵ects and mitigate the negative e↵ects of using social media, intent mining provides a computational approach to proactively analyze social media data. This chapter introduces an intent taxonomy of social media usage with examples and describes methods and future challenges to mine the intentional uses of social media.


In Hungary, the wages of government workers were frozen and in some cases reduced between 2008 and 2012. Within this very diverse set of employees, resident physicians were the only group capable of taking successful collective action and achieving wage increases that were extended to the entire health-care sector. However, the 2011 mass resignation campaign organized by the Hungarian Association of Resident Physicians was not unique in the Visegrád region. 1 Similar protest events took place in Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Most importantly, in all these cases (including Hungary) the protest organizers took advantage of the issue of medical emigration and the resulting labour shortages. After the 2004 EU-enlargement, the westward migration of healthcare professionals from these countries intensified, causing further deterioration in health service coverage and quality. On the other hand, large-scale emigration increased the bargaining power of employees who remained in their home countries. Trade unions and professional associations used the issue of emigration to justify their wage demands and claimed that the only way to stop the exodus of professionals was to raise salaries at home. Furthermore , knowing how easy it is to find a job abroad, trade unions and professional associations of doctors launched mass resignation campaigns to back up their claims. Results were similar across the region: in all four countries, significant wage increases were achieved for all healthcare workers, but above all for doctors. Besides, in all cases, contentious action – most importantly in the form of resignation campaigns-proved to be more effective than collective bargaining. Protesters addressed their claims not to employer associations but directly to the central government. Similarly, in most instances the results were underwritten by statutory laws or government orders rather than by collective agreements. This was the case even in Slovakia and the Czech Republic where industry-level collective bargaining is stronger than in Hun-gary. Nevertheless, there were serious crosscountry differences with regard to the timing of the events, the main actors involved and their relationship. The most pronounced conflicts between the government and trade unions and amongst trade unions could be observed in Slovakia, while disputes in Hungary were resolved in a relatively peaceful manner. Within the region, Poland experienced the first major wave of emigration-related healthcare protest in 2007. The bargaining dispute lasted for almost a year and revolved around doctors' call for a starting monthly salary of 5000 zlotys (approximately 1300 euros at 2007 …


Received: September 28, 2016 Revised: December 05, 2016 Accepted: December 06, 2016 Abstract: Background: Numerous studies on educational and developmental psychology have concluded that students' affective relationships with their teachers are crucial for their academic motivation and commitment to school. Frequently the relationship is evaluated from the teacher's point of view, but the importance of considering the children's perspective has been highlighted by many authors.


The primary objective of this study was to compare water use efficiencies between subsurface drip irrigation and furrow irrigation. The uniformity of used drip lines was tested to determine if clogging would be a threat to the long-term success of a subsurface drip irrigation system. Three crops, cantaloupe, lettuce, and bell pepper, were grown in four plots for each irrigation system. Significantly less water was applied with subsurface drip irrigation than with furrow irrigation (29.5 % less for cantaloupe and 43.2 % less for bell poppet) in order to produce similar crop yields. Water use efficiencies with subsurface drip irrigation were significantly higher than those with furrow irrigation fur cantaloupe (P-value


Abstract . Lately appeared the issue of same-sex marriage in the Indonesian media that is triggered by the issue of foreign funds to support the existence of gays in Indonesia. Many parties issued their public statement in respond to the issue, including professional organizations in the field of psychiatry and psychology. This paper is going to discuss the issue of same-sex marriage through a review on the legal and socio-cultural aspects of homosexual existence and gay marriage in Indonesian context . The implications of gay marriage to the functioning of family will also be discussed .


Western-trained scholars often come back to their countries of origin with a new set of knowledge, epistemologies, ideologies, language and classroom pedagogical practices. Upon their return and reentering academics at home, they often have to re-engage with the dominant local knowledge shaping English language policy, research, teaching and learning. This process needs more scholarly attention, particularly in language issues in comparative education. Through semi-structured interviews, this qualitative case study paper explores the ways in which two Western-trained Saudi professors re-engage with the English teaching and learning of their university in Saudi Arabia. It argues that the oscillation between (i) a strong desire for belonging to the global knowledge economy and becoming globally competitive, and (ii) a tension of preserving local knowledge and thoughts have led Western-trained Saudi professors to enter into multiple cross-roads, including self-negotiation, self-consciousness, and ambivalent positions throughout their classroom pedagogical practices. The paper concludes with some pedagogical implications and recommendation for further research.


One of the most important issues in companies is investigation on the relationship between CEO Tenure with quality of Accruals, cash turnover coverage, cash current debt coverage and cash interest coverage. So, this survey examines it in the Iranian capital market with using the data of 104 companies in Tehran Stock Exchange covering time series data from 2006 to 2011. The observations of study are 520. To estimate the relationship between the CEO Tenure as a dependent variable and quality of Accruals, cash turnover coverage, cash current debt coverage and cash interest coverage as independent variables are applied the multiple regression models. The findings of research show that there is directly relationship between the dependent variable and independent variables.


To overcome this situation, the Deutsches Zentrum für Luftund Raumfahrt (DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany) initiated the installation of the COperative Network for Giove Observations (CONGO) two years ago. In a joint effort with Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie (BKG, Frankfurt, Germany) it grew to a global network with currently 10 stations. Whereas the GESS network operates the same receiver and antenna type at all sites, the CONGO stations include equipment from different manufacturers. This heterogeneous configuration more closely resembles a future GNSS network for scientific applications where hardware biases will play an important role.


Category Fuz of fuzzy sets has a similar function to the topos Set. But Category Fuz forms a weak topos. We show that supports split weakly(SSW) and with some properties, implicity axiom of choice(IAC) holds in weak topos Fuz. So weak axiom of choice(WAC) holds in weak topos Fuz. Also we show that weak extensionality principle for arrow holds in weak topos Fuz.


Thursday 21st October 1937. Sir Frederic Kenyon, President, in the chair. Dr. Philip Nelson, F.S.A., read a paper on Limoges thirteenth-century enamel altar-cruets (p .49), and exhibited a twelfth-century bronze crucifix figure, a French thirteenth-century filigree cross, and a bronze dragon staffhead of the thirteenth century. Mr. Hilary Jenkinson, F.S.A., read a paper on a new Great Seal of Henry V, exhibited by Mr. Herbert Chitty, F.S.A., by permission of the Warden and Fellows of Winchester College. Mr. Dudley Buxton, F.S.A., exhibited a leaden funerary chalice, paten, and cruets from Spain.


Abstract We calibrate the calving parameterisation implemented in the Open Global Glacier Model via two methods (velocity constraint and surface mass balance (SMB) constraint) and assess the impact of accounting for frontal ablation on the ice volume estimate of Greenland tidewater peripheral glaciers (PGs). We estimate an average regional frontal ablation flux of 7.38±3.45 Gta−1 after calibrating the model with two different satellite velocity products, and of 0.69±0.49 Gta−1 if the model is constrained using frontal ablation fluxes derived from independent modelled SMB averaged over an equilibrium reference period (1961–90). This second method makes the assumption that most PGs during that time have an equilibrium between mass gain via SMB and mass loss via frontal ablation. This assumption serves as a basis to assess the order of magnitude of dynamic mass loss of glaciers when compared to the SMB imbalance. The differences between results from both methods indicate how strong the dynamic imbalance might have been for PGs during that reference period. Including frontal ablation increases the estimated regional ice volume of PGs, from 14.47 to 14.64±0.12 mm sea level equivalent when using the SMB method and to 15.84±0.32 mm sea level equivalent when using the velocity method.


Previous studies have suggested that acute normovolaemic haemodilution (ANH) reduces the need for heterologous blood transfusion in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) surgery and may thus improve postoperative outcome by reducing the systemic inflammatory response. Controlled studies are lacking. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effects of ANH on the systemic inflammatory response, clinical outcome and use of bank blood after AAA repair.