In the present study, an up-to-date assessment of the magnitude of the current Urban Heat Island (UHI) intensity in urban areas in the Netherlands has been made. The underlying question is whether or not thermal comfort will be a critical issue considering urbanization and climate change in the next decades. The assessment is based on a literature review, preliminary results from recent meteorological observations in the urban canopy in Rotterdam and Arnhem, as well as on datasets provided by hobby meteorologists. The results from the recent meteorological observations are largely consistent with the results obtained from the hobby meteorologists data. All point to the existence of a considerable maximum UHI (UHI max ) in densely built areas in the Netherlands under favorable meteorological conditions, i.e. under calm and clear (cloudless) conditions, with 95 percentile values ranging from 3 to 8 K. The UHI max values determined for Dutch urban areas, are of the same order of magnitude as those reported for other European cities. However, no clear relationship between city size (here defined as the logarithmic value of the number of inhabitants) and UHI intensity was found suggesting that not only large settlements but also smaller ones may show significant UHI effects. Our results indicate that considering future developments in climate and urbanization, thermal comfort and heat stress will likely become critical in many urban areas in the Netherlands.


We demonstrate the experimental study of the axial intensity distribution of a quasi-Bessel beam with a droplet structure of the central core, formed by an axicon with the round-tip, and the results of the theoretical calculations. We show that the period of droplet quasi-Bessel beam is determined by the shape of the surface rounding and the angle at the top of the axicon lens and depends on the distance to it. The analysis of this dependence makes it possible to restore the shape of the round-tip of the axicon without 3D scanning. Keywords: bessel beams, axicon, droplet beams.


Effect of structure of laminated wood on bending strength after cyclic loading. Laminated wood is
particularly suitable for the production of seating and bedding furniture, for its suitable properties. The work is
focused on the changes of the bending properties of laminated wood from beech and poplar veneers after its
dynamic loading by cyclic bending. As we increase the number of cycles, we notice a decrease in flexural
strength, a slight increase in flexural modulus, and a decrease in the number of cycles. Also the increase in the
minimum bending radius as well as the flexural coefficient.


Through questionnaires the article surveys the current situations of the non-English majors' English listening and speaking in the college where the author works.Analysis shows there some problems existing:listening and speaking is poor,learning objective is one-sided,learning method is simplistic,hard training is not enough,psychological quality and the abilities of listening and speaking need to be improved.Meanwhile,six feasible suggestions are put forward to improve the students' listening and speaking.


Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that affects over 25 million Americans. Large epidemiological studies have shown that individuals with diabetes are at increased risk of many types of cancer; including those often treated with the cardiotoxic anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX).


The study of service value networks adds a new dimension of investigation to industrial systems: human networks. Existing literature shows humans hyper-network to co-create value within and outside of the traditional structures of an organization or an extended enterprise—such as social networking for innovation and e-commerce for supply chain. Since human networks tend to be composite and multi-dimensional, they need new results to understand how networks collide during economic activities and what new coalesced networks will result. The hyper-network model uniquely describes this multi-layered evolving nature of human networks and reveals some of the basic networking properties either directly from the initial community base networks or directly from the colliding single networks. This article answers an important question about service value networks: What are the connection patterns of a network of networks, such as the distribution of the number of connections at a node—the degree distribution? We develop formulae to determine four prototypical classes of hyper-networks, which constitute a baseline analysis to the new study of network evolution for network science and service science.


HIGHLAND NEW GUINEA HUNTER-GATHERERS: THE EVIDENCE OF NOMBE ROCKSHELTER, SIMBU WITH EMPHASIS ON THE PLEISTOCENE Nombe rockshelter was excavated by M-J. Mountain between 1971 and 1980. Human activity is first documented at the site at about 25,000 bp and continues through to the present. Four extinct Pleistocene herbivores, Protemnodon nombe, Protemnodon tumbuna, Dendrolagus noibano and a diprotodontid, occur in late Pleistocene strata together with human artefacts. Large quantities of animal bone were recovered and the analysis of these supplies the major data for the research. Three main issues are addressed: 1. The nature of the relationship between the early humans and their environment through the period that covers the late glacial maximum at about 18,000 bp. 2. The relationship between humans and the extinct species, including the thylacine, Thylacinus cynocephalus, which was a major predator at the site, contributing bone to the deposits during the Pleistocene. 3. The use of faunal evidence as an indicator of economic and subsistence activities as well as local environmental changes. The data show that the human activity during the late Pleistocene at Nombe was sporadic over the period from about 25,000 bp to about 15,000 bp. Hunters were probably targeting the large herbivores living in high altitude forest and other species adapted to high altitude cold environments. Humans and large herbivores coexisted for about 10,000 years before the animals disappeared from the record. This coexistence does not suggest a rapid demise through human overkill. Palynological evidence suggests that people were deliberately firing small patches of highland forest as early as 30,000 bp. Such clearing could have been used to promote forest-edge plants especially Pandanus, which has rich oily nuts. These small clearings could also have been used as an aid to hunting. By the end of the Pleistocene, human hunting had switched to emphasise medium and smaller forest animals, especially fruit bats, macropodids, phalangers and possums. Bat hunting was especially important at Nombe, which is in a limestone area with many caves. In the early Holocene the temperatures rose and sub-alpine grasslands were greatly reduced as forest spread to higher altitudes. The archaeological evidence shows that more sites were occupied by 10,000 bp than before and the faunal


PURPOSE: An open cable set top box diagnosing system and the method thereof are provided to previously diagnose the operation status of a set top through a POD(Point Of Deployment) module by adding a diagnosis resource to a resource defined for POD interface. CONSTITUTION: The operation status of the set top is checked through a security module of a cable head-end by adding a diagnosing resource which can check the operation status of the set top to a resource layer defined for the interface between the security module and the set top in an open cable set top box in which the security module and the set top are separated. Set top manufacturing makers are connected to the cable head-end through a network for enabling the bidirectional telecommunication to the cable head-end. The cable head-end periodically checks the operation status of the set top through the security module, and informs the diagnosis information of a set top having a problem of the corresponding set top manufacturing makers through the network in real time.


This file contains data used for the analsyis for the paper "Accounting for Uncertainty in Multi-Criteria Sustainability Assessments at Farm Level: Improving the Robustness of the SMART-Farm Tool". Data format: .csv


Background:
 Termination of resuscitation (TOR) rules for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have been constructed for better utilization of hospital healthcare resources and increasing the availability of care for other patients. However, TOR rules in the prehospital settings are not legally implemented in Japan. Thus, almost all OHCA patients are transported to the hospital, regardless to the possibility of successful resuscitation.

 Objective:
 To validate the TOR-ALS rule in the Japanese population and to establish a new TOR rule for terminating ongoing resuscitation just after hospital arrival.

 Methods:
 The Fire and Disaster Management Agency (FDMA) of Japan developed a nationwide database of a prospective population-based cohort using an Utstein-style template for OHCA patients since January 2005. Data from January 2005 to December 2012 of this database was used for the current analysis. We constructed a new TOR rule consisting of 5 factors (no-witness, no-ROSC, asystole for the initial rhythm, no-defibrillation, age). Positive predictive value(PPV), negative predictive value(NPV), sensitivity, specificity and receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve to predict Cerebral Performance Category(CPC) 3 to 5 at one-month for the TOR-ALS rule (no-witness, no-bystander, no-return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), no-defibrillation before hospital arrival) and the new rule.

 Results:
 In the database, 925,288 patients were documented for the study period. Adult patients 18 years or older with OHCA without external causes of arrest were included, resulting in 708,933(77%) patients in the present analysis. Values were as followed for the TOR-ALS rule, PPV99.88%, NPV3.27%, sensitivity31.41%, specificity98.39%, Area Under Curve(AUC)-ROC0.649, and for the new rule, PPV99.96%, NPV3.40%, sensitivity33.45%, specificity99.40%, AUC-ROC0.664.

 Conclusion:
 The new TOR rule has a higher PPV and specificity to predict unfavorable outcome of OHCA in a Japanese population. Validation is required to prove the clinical utility of the rule.


The fierce competition in global scenario investigates youth to embark the challenges of life. Unfortunately shifting life styles, nuclear homes, materialistic desires and redundant pedagogy of education has paved way for an upsurge growth in stress, anxiety, suicidal tendencies among youth. They lack the desired leadership, creative, emotional intelligence skills, which sums up together as life skills, required for sustainability in personal and professional dimensions. The crux of the problem is that critical thinking, problem solving and application of concepts are in short supply among youth, as they never had exposure to it. In respect to India more than 700 million Indians are expected to be of working age group by 2022; although by FICCI skills report 2012 only 25% professionals are employable. The scenario is alarming, as by year 2030, half of India's population will be younger than 28. The research paper tries to co-relate the lack of life skills education in youth's formative years which leads to low conceptual, creative ability leading to dearth of leaders in pipeline through a pilot survey of MBA students regarding their life skills quotient. The paper proposes to nurture leadership skills by imparting life skills education in the foundation days itself.


This paper investigates the active control of the supersonic flutter motion of an elastically supported rectangular sandwich plate, which has a tunable electrorheological (ER) fluid core and rests on a Winkler–Pasternak elastic foundation, subjected to an arbitrary flow of various yaw angles. The classical thin plate theory is adopted. The ER fluid core is modeled as a first order Kelvin–Voigt material, and the quasi-steady first order supersonic piston theory is employed for the aerodynamic loading. The generalized Fourier expansions in conjunction with Galerkin method are employed to formulate the governing equations in the state-space domain. The critical dynamic pressures at which unstable panel oscillations occur are obtained for a square sandwich plate, with or without an interacting soft/stiff elastic foundation, for selected applied electric field strengths and flow yaw angles. The Runge–Kutta method is then used to calculate the open-loop aeroelastic response of the system in various basic loading configurations. Subsequently, a sliding mode control (SMC) synthesis is set up to actively suppress the closed loop system response in yawed supersonic flight conditions with imposed excitations. The results demonstrate the performance, effectiveness, and insensitivity with respect to the spillover of the proposed SMC-based control system.


A survey on household waste sorting and disposal habits was conducted in Sweden to investigate behavioral patterns of recycling in a context in which wide measures are taken to promote and encourage pro-environmental behavior by making it easy and convenient. 207 residents of three cities in southern Sweden, Lund, Malmo and Helsingborg, responded to an online questionnaire survey. Relations between waste sorting/disposing habits with facilities, gender and knowledge of waste treatment were analyzed with some emphasis on food waste sorting. Recycling rates were generally high and reasons for sorting indicated that food waste sorting was a norm-based behavior. However, there were also indications that convenience was a precondition. Recycling rates were higher when dedicated containers for disposing (recycling) items were provided and the collection point was closer. There was a striking gender difference in food waste sorting. Single male households did not sort food waste at all while more than 90% of other groups did when provided the collection service. This was interpreted as differences in lifestyles rather than attitudes based on other data. Relations between recycling rates with house-ownership and knowledge of waste treatment fees were found and effects of reference groups were also suggested. The authors plan to replicate the survey in Japan to compare the results and draw implications for designing policies, services and environments for promoting waste sorting/recycling. (Less)


The study of high-value applications promising energy storage technology has been closely watched scientific community and the business community, which has become one of the hotspots of international energy research community. This paper describes the classification of energy storage technology, we discussed its working principle, technical status, development prospects and the advantages and disadvantages. To provide a reference for further study of energy storage technology.


Abstract. Flooding has been the most severe hazard in China from time immemorial, due
to its special geographical, climatic and socio-economic conditions. In
recent years, against the background of global climate change and rapid
urbanization, extreme hydro-meteorological events have obviously increased
in China, in turn affecting the sustainable social and economic development.
This paper analyses how modern flood risk management has evolved from the
early "build and protect" flood control approach to a broader flood risk
management approach by analyzing what has happened in China and the role of
major floods in this evolution. The development of flood forecasting models
and systems in terms of how they have informed decision-making as flood risk
management has evolved over the years. The challenging of recognizing and
dealing with forecast uncertainty and flood risk in decision-making is also
analyzed in the paper.


An investigation was carried out to assess the characteristics of leachate and its impact on surrounding agricultural land of the Matuail landfill site, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Leachate samples were collected from active dumping areas; soil and plant samples from three different sites of surrounding agricultural areas. Water quality parameters like pH, DO, BOD, COD, TDS were measured for leachate samples and heavy metals like Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni were analyzed for leachate, soil and plant samples. The results showed that untreated leachate concentrations of DO, BOD, COD and TDS were 1.34, 96, 1343 and 7120 mg/l, respectively that exceeded inland surface water standard but the concentrations of DO (7.49 mg/l), BOD (10 mg/l) and TDS (790/l) in the treated leachate pond were found within the permissible limits. The leachate samples are not contaminated with heavy metals as these are present below the toxic limits. The heavy metal concentrations in agricultural soils are below the permissible limits except Pb; but in plants the concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb exceeded the critical limits. Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(1): 31-39, June-2016


It has been 21 years since project construction supervision found its way in China in 1988.As a part of China's infrastructure construction,electric fence projects have since adopted construction supervision.However,there are some problems,for example,the misunderstanding about the work of supervision,the deviation about the extent and authorization of the supervision,the lack of charge of supervision fees;the low quality of supervision workers and the imperfact management. All these hinders the development of construction supervision undertaking.


Thoracic epidural anesthesia(TEA)is a widely used technique for analgesia after thoracic surgery. However, it has several adverse effects. The erector spinae plane block(ESPB)is a relatively simple and safe technique. This study aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy of ESPB and TEA. Patients who underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery(VATS)were assigned to either the ESPB or TEA group. Numerical Rating Scale(NRS)pain scores were recorded at rest and during move-ment in both groups until 2 days after surgery. Adverse effects were also recorded. Although the average NRS score in the ESPB group was less than 2 at rest and less than 4 during movement, these scores were significantly higher than those in the TEA group. There were significantly fewer patients with hypotension in the ESPB group. The ESPB is associated with low NRS scores and provides effective pain relief in patients undergoing VATS. The ESPB has the advantage of conferring a lower incidence of adverse effects.


Abstract Just over twenty-three years ago, the right to strike or protest received an explicit constitutional entrenchment and thus, legal protection. This would progressively empower citizens, including students, to protest against any infringement or deprivation of their rights or entitlements, and poor service delivery by any stakeholder in the institutions of learning, the government or private sector even. Today, South Africa is inundated with multiplicity of nationwide protests, most of which have been accompanied by appalling levels of violence, anarchy and criminality. Unexpectedly, students have had their share in such protests, and it could be argued, they have been an inspiration to various communities. Hence, this article proffers a critical reflection of the conduct of students during protests at the institutions of higher learning. The article seeks to understand and or explain variables that motivate students to vandalise property or antagonise those that opt to be passive or non-participants of such protests. In comparison to variables identified concerning the 1976 student protests, which were ideologically well grounded, the article attempts to describe contemporary students' thinking towards protests and why vandalism and anarchism have become, not only conventional, but so intensely socialised. The article adopts content analysis method, and employs crowd theory and collective behaviour approach as tools of analysis. It is asserted that lack of ideological strategy underpinning South Africa's unending revolution, which is needed to inform students' struggles, is responsible for pervasive tendencies of vandalism and destruction of property during student protests.


We study the discrete inverse problem of reconstructing finite subsets of the n-dimensional integer lattice Zn that are only accessible via their line sums (discrete X-rays) in a finite set of lattice directions. Special emphasis is placed on the question of when such sets are uniquely determined by the data and on the difficulty of the related algorithmic problems. Such questions are motivated by demands from the material sciences for the reconstruction of crystalline structures from images produced by quantitative high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.


Objective/Aims:  To assess the effect of prophylactic administration of fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP) in the form of reconstituted blood in children undergoing craniofacial reconstruction. The outcomes of interest included immediate postoperative coagulation laboratory test results, postoperative surgical drain output, and the number of unique blood donor exposures incurred.


With increasing need of technologies like video conferencing, video streaming and video compression plays a vital role in broadcasting. In this video compression is used to compress data redundancy which arises from spatial and temporal correlation between frames. To overcome such temporal redundancies the Motion Estimation technique involved to make more popular video compression standards. Motion Estimation is a technique for computing displacement motion vectors between objects. This Motion Estimation Computing Array (MECA) is used in video encoding applications to calculate the best motion vector between the current frame and reference frames. This paper proposes an optimization framework for motion estimation using technique known Frame Rate Up Conversion (FRUC). The proposed FRUC technique relates low computational complexity and to improves the picture quality.


Migratory flows from Venezuela to Colombia have challenged the mechanisms of coherence and coordination in public policies implemented by the Colombian State between 2015-2018. This situation has generated a challenge for local public management in the border municipalities of the country, especially in Cucuta and Villa del Rosario in Norte de Santander, the object of the present analysis.
The present applied research is carried out under the typology of practices based on diagnoses, focusing on the identification of the challenges and potentialities of the institutional response. Likewise, it analyzes the consistency between coherence and coordination based on the analysis of future vision, national strategy, government objectives, sectoral strategies, management models and budget based on results and monitoring.
Colombia has not been a country with a tradition of receiving a migrant population, its migration policies have historically been due to the assistance and management of the Colombian diaspora abroad. In that sense, the migration from Venezuela contemplates some characteristics of special socio-economic vulnerability, which generates overload in the competence services of the territorial entities. However, these territorial entities have no competence in the migration issue, which implies that better levels of coordination between the nation and the territory are needed, since they are not established at the present time.


The preliminary results on the search for hard diffraction in pp collisions with the D0 detector at Fermilab are presented. The presence of forward rapidity gaps is observed in events with high transverse momentum jet production at the center of mass energies 1800 and 630 GeV. The fraction of events with rapidity gaps is significantly higher than that expected due to multiplicity fluctuations and is consistent with predictions for hard single diffractive jet production. A class of events containing central dijets and two forward rapidity gaps is observed at {radical}s = 1800 GeV consistent with a hard double pomeron exchange event topology.


A kind of huge amoeboid organism named {¥it Physarum} plasmodium constructs a intricate network of veins for circulating nutrients and signals over the entire body. The network shape is drastically re-organized within an hour in response to external conditions. We may extract an algorithm for optimal design of functional network from the primitive organism.


This research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (project no. 2013-022313) and Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) (N0000993).


The radiotomography problem is considered to reconstruct global ionospheric structures using the signal of the Earth's orbital satellites. It is shown that the direct transition from methods derived in non-ionospheric fields of geophysics to ionospheric studies is rather difficult and the authors suggest a different approach to the reconstruction of the electron density with respect to the difference between linear integrals of phase-difference radiotomography. A comparison of this method with the classical scheme with respect to phase integrals has been made. An advantage of the suggested method is shown. Some results are presented as applied to the experimental data recorded in the auroral region and in the southern part of the subauroral region. The reconstruction results of the ionospheric structures in these regions are demonstrated. The results show that as applied to ionospheric studies the phase-difference radiotomography seems to be promising


The accomplishment of developing assignments is a critical aspect for prospective teachers in the teaching and learning process. The prospective students' competence in developing assignments requires further investigation. The creative thinking process of prospective teacher students in developing different tasks. This difference is what generates creativity in developing tasks. The research conducted by (Catherine, 2009) showed several innovative techniques for generating new problems in mathematics. However, it was not sufficient to develop the given assignments. This study aimed to analyze the creative thinking process of prospective teachers in developing mathematics assignment. Twenty-five (25) prospective teachers conducting teaching practice became the subjects of this study. The research findings showed that creative thinking process of prospective teachers in developing assignments was creative and innovative in developing new assignments.


Wittgenstein and Judaism: A Triumph of Concealment, by Ranjit Chatterjee. New York: Peter Long, 2005. 207pp. $62.95. Ranjit Chatterjee proffers the radical thesis that "Wittgenstein wished to lead his reader on slowly from the gentile to the Jewish world of thought as part of the deep solution to philosophical (or religious and ethical) problems" (p. 189). In one sense, this is a new thesis: no one has yet argued that Wittgenstein was a Jewish proselytizer. In another sense, it is not a new thesis: several authors have argued that Wittgenstein was a religious man, perhaps a religious mystic. The first difficulty with a thesis of this sort is that Wittgenstein famously told his friend M.O.C. Drury that he was not a religious man. Wittgenstein deeply respected religious ways of living. He once said, "All genuine expressions of religion are wonderful" (Rush Rhees, ed., Ludwig Wittgenstein: Personal Recollections, [Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Littlefield, 1981], p. 108). But he would have been the first to remind us that respect and appreciation are not the same as appropriation. Arguments for a religious Wittgenstein sound tortuous in the face of words like these, penned in 1946: "I cannot kneel to pray because it's as though my knees were stiff. I am afraid of dissolution (of my own dissolution), should I become soft" (Wittgenstein, Culture and Value [Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980], p. 56e). Chatterjee's way of addressing this first difficulty is to argue that Wittgenstein was forced to conceal his Jewish commitment. The work thus includes a great deal of valuable material concerning the conditions in which Wittgenstein lived and worked. Chatterjee convincingly demonstrates why a Jewish intellectual in the Europe of the mid-twentieth century might go to great lengths to conceal his Jewishness. The author is also quite adept at juxtaposing a dizzying array of admittedly perplexing quotes and comments from numerous sources, contributing to the notion that Wittgenstein was a religious mystic of a sort. But the further case that Wittgenstein practiced concealment in order to advance Judaism is much more difficult to make. One difficulty accompanies any thesis of concealment. Whatever evidence counts against the thesis that Wittgenstein was devoted to a Jewish way of thinking is attributed to concealment. Thus I can imagine that Chatterjee's book might inspire devotion or incite indignation. But in that case one might wonder whether he is proffering a thesis at all. There is a second difficulty that ought to be addressed when arguing that Wittgenstein was a religious man. This is the question of what Wittgenstein may have thought of the relation between religion and philosophy. Chatterjee ignores this problem by collapsing philosophy into the religious and ethical. …


In this paper we investigate special generalized q-Genocchi measures. We introduce q-Genocchi measures with weight !. The present paper deals with q-extension of Genocchi measure. Some earlier results of T. Kim in terms of q- Genocchi polynomials can be deduced. We apply the method of generating function, which are exploited to derive further classes of q-Genocchi polynomials and develop q-Genocchi measures. To be more precise, we present the integral representation of p-adic q-Genocchi measure with weight ! which yields a deeper insight into the effectiveness of this type of generalizations. Generalized q-Genocchi numbers with weight ! possess a number of interesting properties which we state in this paper


Chronic active Epstein–Barr virus infection (CAEBV) has been considered to be a non-neoplastic T-cell lymphoproliferative disease associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. In EBV-associated diseases, the cell phenotype-dependent differences in EBV latent gene expression may reflect the strategy of the virus in relation to latent infection. We previously reported that EBV latent gene expression was restricted; EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) transcripts were consistently detected in all spleen samples from five CAEBV patients, but EBNA2 transcripts were detected in only one sample. EBV latent gene expression is controlled by distinct usage of three EBNA promoters (Cp, Wp and Qp). In this study, we examined the EBNA promoter usage by RT-PCR and the methylation status in the Cp and Wp regions using bisulfite PCR analysis in spleen samples from CAEBV patients. EBNA1 transcripts were unexpectedly initiated not from Qp but from Cp in all samples in spite of the restricted form of latency. Furthermore, while Cp was active, Cp was heavily methylated, indicating that CAEBV has unique EBV latent gene expression, EBNA promoter usage and EBNA promoter methylation status, in part due to unique splicing of Cp-initiated transcripts and an activation mechanism in hypermethylated Cp. INTRODUCTION Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that persists for the lifetime of the infected host and is associated with an array of conditions that range from asymptomatic infection and infectious mononucleosis (IM) to lethal lymphoid and epithelial malignancies, such as lymphopro-liferative disease (LPD), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin's disease (HD) and B-cell lymphoma in the immunocompromised host (Griffin, 2000). EBV has been recognized as a B-lymphotropic virus. However, recent evidence indicates that EBV can also infect T cells (Jones et al., 1988; Kikuta et al., 1988). EBV may play a role in the development of non-neoplastic T-cell LPD, including chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) CAEBV is characterized by IM-like symptoms, such as fever, lymphadeno-pathy, splenomegaly and hepatitis, which persist over a period of months to several years. Laboratory findings include anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and hyper-gammaglobulinaemia with extremely high titres of anti-bodies against EBV lytic-cycle proteins (Rickinson, 1986; Schooley et al., 1986). In EBV-positive neoplastic T-cell lymphoma, viral transcripts consisting of EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1), latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and LMP2A/2B have been detected by RT-PCR (Chen et al., 1993). This expression pattern is characteristic of latency II EBV infection. We previously reported that EBNA1 transcripts were consistently detected in all …


The present invention relates to a closed type hydroponic excluded devices, and water culture methods for fast-growing plants in the zero-emission in, and insulating and the outside, the inner wall surface is to configure a plant growth chamber and the machine room to form a confined space treated by the reflecting surface body, the plant's office chain inside both sides of the body is that the chain drive with the drive of is driven motor winding in zigzag is guided to the tray circulation device configured to transfer the trade, the seeds of the plant seeded in sequence, the chain and the inner body zigzag the plumbing equipment to adequately supply according to the water and nutrients necessary the plants to grow in the growth level of a plant in a tray for conveying the water and nutrient supply, and simultaneously the rotation of the tool in a closed body inside humidity and temperature an interior environment that supplies the plant to grow properly fit gives an appropriate amount of CO Setting unit, and a configuration with sterile equipment for sterile aerobic bacteria to inhibit the plants that live in the main inner air, and a closed space is also installed a plurality of true Light inside the plant storage chamber and at the same time the inner surface reflectance 90% or more this and 400 ~ 700nm equal the frequency artisan and solar wavelength formed such that, and so that the interior finish 360 ~ 541lux, and maintaining the humidity in the plant's office as 55-64%, in each of the plant growth reasonable temperature of 20 ℃ and maintained at (each difference according to the plant) ~ 40 ℃, and the CO C) the water to the N, P, a potassium nutrient mix was diluted 1,000 ~ 15,000-fold automatically create the correct environmental conditions for plant growth. The present invention is the get a pollution-free food is not at all contaminated by growing the harmful agricultural chemicals and so on does not use any, as well as plants in a closed space of a sterile interior to the human body and the environmental conditions the plants grow in Sikkim grow plants set automatically and can grow the amount of all the features automate the harvesting of the mass-produced bar, scale about 8 hectares to get one day career 800Kg cultivated in about 18,000 square meters land with a minimum of space and manpower, and 100 flat When movable by installing the scale 1 of the career yields relative to the exponentially growing population growth, such as to yield an amount of cultivation in agricultural land of about 22 square to 10 ton increasing the limited farmland as cultivating hameuroseo arithmetic average food production is very innovative inventions to solve the serious reality.


For the sensitivity of the portal vein data to classical liver functional segmentation method, a liver segmentation method based on hierarchical vascular tree combined with the Couinaud theory and portal vein distribution characteristics was proposed. Firstly, liver and vessels were extracted from the abdominal CT image by image segmentation and skeletonization methods. Secondly, secondary subtree set was determined through statistical analysis on average radius of vascular branches,so as to divide the secondary subtree set into several different classes by k-means + + clustering algorithm according to their own blood-supply area. Thirdly, shortest distance based classification algorithm was used to segment the liver into parts.Finally, the internal anatomical structure of liver and its vascular system were demonstrated using three-dimensional visualization technology, and then annotations were made on liver segments to extract clinical interest information. The experimental result shows that the method can obtain good results when vascular tree contains plenty branches and complex structure. Furthermore, for considering the impact of major secondary branches, the final liver segment distribution and attribute results are in line with the Couinaud liver segment theory.


Young people's involvement in community-based research is not a new phenomenon, but rather a limited practice. Although young people have valuable insights to share, their voices are often missing from the research process. To address this void, Youth Enrichment Services (YES) engages youth from under-resourced contexts and creates authentic learning experiences by connecting them to social issues that impact their lives. YES' most recent project is highlighted in this study, where teenage youth of color examined the social and environmental conditions that contributed to heightened lead exposure in a Pittsburgh Community. Using community-based participation research, students became the study's architects, data gatherers, and analysts thereby centering their critical perspectives in an adult-centric research regime. This study offers insight into how the employed peer-teaching, field-based learning model equipped students to facilitate their own geospatial learning to address toxic lead exposure. The results suggest that by harnessing and then channeling the varied interest and technical skill levels of students, peer teaching models significantly enhanced technical learning outcomes when implemented in an applied, community-oriented research context. Integrating technical skills education with youth driven CBPR adds the critical dimension of youth experience into the research process and allows students to own their knowledge development.


There are numerous instrumental tools available to monitor the perceived quality of speech communication networks. However, these tools give no insight into the cause of a quality degradation. In this paper, we present a new method for quality diagnosis of speech communication networks that builds upon recent developments in the field of semantic image segmentation. The proposed model works non-intrusively, without the need for a clean reference signal. We use the deep convolutional network architecture SegNet and label each pixel of a speech spectrogram image as either clean or with its corresponding distortion. This way, quality degradations can directly be located in the time and frequency domain. To train the model, we created a large database with four different distortion types: packet-loss, background noise, GSM buzz, and bandwidth limitation. While processing the speech files, we also generated corresponding ground-truth labels with which we trained SegNet. Our experiments show promising results of this new diagnostic approach with a mIoU of 0.75.


The aim of the study was to develop a structured observational technique to assess the emotional state of children between three and seven years of age in different environmental situations. The instrument that was developed relates to a theoretical model of emotion with four basic components, namely; activation, orientation, evaluation, and emotional control. The development of the observational technique proceeded by defining and weighting a large number of explicit behaviors, where after real-life observations of children were carried out in order to determine the reliability, internal consistency and construct validity of the instrument. As concerns validity, hypotheses based on earlier findings were tested. On the whole the results were satisfactory. The instrument fulfilled the requirements of internal consistency and interobserver reliability. Results from a forthcoming study also show convergence between the activation scale and personality as measured by Pitkanen's personality test. The results suggest that the instrument may be useful when evaluating improvements in children's environments.


Purpose
This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
It is one of the curious aspects of business that, despite the fact commerce has been around for millennia, the study of it is barely 100 years old. Whether it is the first business school (nineteenth century) or the first business journal (twentieth century), there is no rich tradition in the academic study for it. As a result – at least in scholarly circles – some academics can be a bit sniffy about it as a research pursuit, arguing it is merely an "applied" area, as opposed to the "pure" areas such as mathematics or chemistry.

Originality/value
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Abstract Interest-rate smoothing is traditionally attributed to the gradual adjustment of monetary policy to shocks. Rudebusch (2002) argues that smoothing can also arise spuriously if an autocorrelated variable is incorrectly excluded from the estimated reaction function. This paper presents a model which discriminates between these two explanations using U.S. data. We find that both seem to matter, but that policy inertia appears to be less important than suggested by the existing literature. Further, the excluded variable is likely to reflect financial market conditions.


have been more direct comparison to female proprietors in other western cities, such as Denver, Phoenix, or Los Angeles. Until more scholarship is completed, however, it will be difficult to say with certainty whether San Francisco's women were an unusual case or not. But, in the meantime, Capital Intentions serves as an excellent introduction to business women in the urban west, one that will be useful to anyone seeking to know more about how and why women made their livings in America's cities.


At the Mount, we recently adopted the Instructional Skills Workshop (ISW), which is an experiential peer-to-peer teaching development opportunity. In this report, we reflect on the successes and challenges of our first iteration of this workshop in August 2018. We share how this experience has impacted our faculty and what its implications could be for implementation across Atlantic Canada. Our adoption of the ISW works in tandem with a larger project to establish this internationally-recognized workshop in Atlantic Canada. One of the goals of this report is to share best practices with faculty and facilitators at other institutions who are also beginning to deliver these workshops. We know that trial and error is a part of the teaching experience and we want to use the pilot as a jumping-off point to create a richer dialogue about teaching both at the Mount and across Atlantic Canada.


This report describes methods used to collect and process tidal, current and salinity data for the Rappahannock River and Mobjack Bay, Virginia. Data was collected as part of a study which investigates water utilization and control in the Chesapeake Bay Basin. Field procedures, equipment and data processing techniques are discussed in full.


Our earlier work on the possibility of spontaneous generation of plasma waves in current driven lower dimensional solid state systems is reviewed and extended, and new directions are suggested. Feasibility of plasma wave generation has been shown for uniform lower dimensional systems, and some modulated systems. The merits and problems for each system are enumerated. New directions to circumvent some of these problems are suggested. Prospects for experimental verification and potential device applications are discussed.


Most of the existing characteristic extraction methods just use simple shape characteristics and exist problem of low walking and running recognition rate.This paper combines the velocity characteristics of movement and the Principal Component Analysis(PCA) shape characteristics obtained after more accurate segmentation and unifying the size of images.It uses Support Vector Machine(SVM) to recognize seven kinds of human behaviors including running,squat,standing,bending,waving,directing and walking from eight directions.Experimental results show that walking and running get higher recognition rate.


WOLF, GEORGE. Hypothalamic regulation of sodium intake: relations to preoptic and tegmental function. Am. J. Physiol. 213(G): 1433-1438. 1967.-Rats with lesions of the septum, lateral preoptic area, or ventral tegmental area of Tsai showed no impairment of sodium appetite after adrenalectomy, acute sodium depletion, or deoxycorticosterone treatment. Rats with lesions of the lateral hypothalamus at the level of the ventromedial nucleus manifested severe impairment of sodium appetite after each of these manipulations. The results raise questions regarding the location of areas receiving information which is critical for regulation of sodium intake from the lateral hypothalamic area.


The rational decision of mining capacity is one of the key technologies in super-huge coal mine with durative,steady and high efficiency production.Taking Jisan coal mine for example,based on the analysis of data,the mining capacity of Jisan coal mine was predicted multiobjectively using the possibility-satisfiability method from the demand and possibility.14 factors were analyzed with possibility-satisfiability method and combined partly.The rational mining capacity and its depending conditions of Jisan coal mine were obtained.The results show that the velocity of across faults should be increased and the coal seam occupied by villages should be released to the maximum to achieve the mining capacity of 1 000 ten thousand t/a for Jisan coal mine.On the present condition of mining technology of it,600 ten thousand t/a is the most rational mining capacity,and the possibility-satisfiability degree is 0.93.


CdSe and CdS0.25Se0.75 thin films were grown by the Chemical Bath Deposition technique at different temperatures (50-90°C) and deposition times (5-180 min). Both kinds of films are polycrystalline, constituted by nanostructured clusters of particles. CdSe films consist in a mixture of cubic and hexagonal phases (4-8 nm crystal size), whereas only the hexagonal phase is observed in the CdS0.25Se0.75 ones (6±1 nm crystal size). A decrease on the CdSe films density was observed due to the sulfur introduction into the crystal lattice. The composition of the ternary films is affected by both temperature and deposition time. The Band gap values (Eg) are affected by temperature, atomic composition and deposition time, decreasing from 2.09 to 1.93 eV, showing a quantum confinement effect mainly in the CdSe films. The films thickness, ranging from 30 to 600 nm, increases as a function of temperature and deposition time. Photoluminiscence signal is improved after thermal treatment, evidenced by the radiative broad bands observed at 1.84 and 2.20 eV.


PURPOSE Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer. Pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) predicts better survival. Early prediction of the treatment response can potentially triage non-responding patients to alternative protocol treatments, spare them of the unneeded toxicity, and improve pCR. We evaluated the ability of radiomic textural analysis of intratumoral and peritumoral regions on the dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) MRI images obtained early during NAST to predict pCR. MATERIALS AND METHODS This IRB-approved prospective study (NCT02276443) included 182 patients with biopsy proven stage I-III TNBC who had multiparametric MRIs at baseline (BL), post 2 cycles (C2), and post 4 cycles (C4) of NAST before surgery. Tumors and peritumoral regions of 5 mm and 10 mm in thickness were segmented on the 2.5 minutes DCE subtraction images and on the b=800 DWI images. Ten histogram-based first order texture features including mean, minimum, maximum, standard deviation, kurtosis, skewness, 1st, 5th, 95th, and 99th percentile, and 300 radiomic Grey Level Co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) features along with their absolute and relative differences between the 3 imaging time points were extracted from the tumors and from the peritumoral regions with an in-house Matlab toolbox. Treatment response at surgery (pCR vs non-pCR) was documented. The samples were divided into training and testing datasets by a 2:1 ratio. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC ROC) was calculated for univariate analysis in predicting pCR. Logistic regression with elastic net regularization was performed for texture feature selection. Parameter optimization was performed by using 5-fold cross-validation based on mean cross-validated AUC in the training set. RESULTS Of 182 TNBC patients, 88 (48%) had pCR and 94 (52%) did not achieve pCR. Eight multivariate models combining radiomic features from both DCE and DWI tumoral and peritumoral regions had AUC > 0.8 (0.807-0.831) with p-value < 0.001 in both training and testing sets. The highest AUC=0.831 was obtained from a model consisting of 15 radiomic features: tumor DWI (5 GLCM features) at C2, peritumoral region on DCE (skewness) at C2, tumor DCE (1st, 5th percentile) at C4, tumor DWI (3 GLCM features) at C4, peritumoral region DWI (1 GLCM feature) at C4, and the relative difference between C4/C2 on DCE (5th, 95th percentile and mean). CONCLUSION Multi-parametric MRI-based radiomics models from the tumor and the peritumoral regions showed high accuracy as potential early predictors of NAST response in TNBC patients.
 Citation Format: Rania M. Mohamed, Bikash Panthi, Beatriz Adrada, Rosalind Candelaria, Mary S. Guirguis, Wei Yang, Medine Boge, Miral Patel, Nabil Elshafeey, Sanaz Pashapoor, Zijian Zhou, Jong Bum Son, Ken-Pin Hwang, H. T. Carisa Le-Petross, Jessica Leung, Marion E. Scoggins, Gary J. Whitman, Zhan Xu, Deanna L. Lane, Tanya Moseley, Frances Perez, Jason White, Elizabeth Ravenberg, Alyson Clayborn, Mark Pagel, Huiqin Chen, Jia Sun, Peng Wei, Alastair M. Thompson, Stacy Moulder, Anil Korkut, Lei Huo, Kelly K. Hunt, Jennifer K. Litton, Vicente Valero, Debu Tripathy, Clinton Yam, Jingfei Ma, Gaiane Rauch. Multi-Parametric MRI-Based Radiomics Models from Tumor and Peritumoral Regions as Potential Predictors of Treatment Response to Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-01-06.


In this paper a wide difference of output power is achieved between linear cavity and ring cavity. A comparison process is proposed between three fiber laser configurations. These configurations are ring cavity (RC), single stage linear cavity (SSLC) and double stage linear laser (DSLC). A comparison investigation is presented between the RC and SSLC where a high output power and high side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) is recorded for the SSLC compared with RC. In the mean while the DSLC shows a dominant output power of 18 dBm compared to RC and SSLC.


Sports, like politics and religion, is a subject to be avoided if peace and quiet are to be maximized. Asking a fan "whose team is best" is akin to speculation about whose god is best. Yet an important difference exists: Even if gods have won-lost records, the statistics are not readily available. Sport, however, results in violent disagreements despite well-documented records. Many disputes center on teams with "great potential" somehow wasted or, conversely, those teams with seemingly inferior talent that consistently "play over their heads" and compile excellent records. Does the best team always win? By estimating a production frontier, this paper considers the possibility that a team with the greatest potential may not prevail as league champion due to inefficient use of its available resources. Estimating the production function also allows us to examine the determinants of a team's performance.


Safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) depends on surgeon's experience, operative difficulty, utilisation of traditional safety markers, adapting the dissection technique and, where possible, displaying the critical view of safety (CVS) to confirm cystic pedicle structures prior to division. The Safe Cholecystectomy Multi-Society Practice Guidelines and State of the Art Consensus Conference on Prevention of Bile Duct Injury During Cholecystectomy identified no direct comparative evidence to support the CVS over other methods of anatomic identification. The aim of this study, therefore, was to examine the consistency of safety markers guiding the dissection and to determine the value of displaying the CVS.

 A pilot study was conducted, reviewing video recordings of 241 LCs (144 retrospective and 97 prospective). The consistency of the Rouvier Sulcus (RS), the cystic lymph node (CLN), identification of the common bile duct (CBD) and duodenum and a new marker; the "cystic duct fold" (CDF), the peritoneal fold stretching between the retracted Hartman's Pouch and the CBD guiding the dissection at its distal end over the gallbladder neck, was documented. Data on the safety marker used to commence dissection, gallbladder condition, the LC difficulty grade, the selected technique and whether the CVS was achieved was recorded and analysed.

 Although the CBD and duodenum were visualised in 77%, the CDF was identifiable in 56% (CLN in 52.3%, RS in 50.2%) and the most consistently used to commence dissection in 51.4% (CLN 17.4%, CBD in 11.6% and RS in 6.6%). 12.8% required access to the infundibulum using sub-serosal or trans-vesical dissection (41% had acute cholecystitis, empyema or gangrenous gallbladders). Infundibular dissection was used in 88%. CVS was achievable in 56.8%. The CDF dropped form 87% in difficulty grades 1 and 2 to 16.5% in grades 4 and 5 with the CLN used in 21% of these difficult LCs.

 A new safety marker, the CDF is proposed, being more reliable and safer on account of starting the dissection away from the CBD and potentially aberrant ducts, contrary to the line of RS. The CLN is more reliable in difficult LC, especially with acute inflammation. Infundibular dissection remains the default approach to "target identification" required to display the CVS. The true value of the CVS, as an end product of the process of dissection, lies in "target confirmation" before dividing any structures and in clearing the cystic plate to avoid injury to Couinaud Types C, F and hepato-cystic ducts.


White cultural hegemony has been used as a determinant of identity privilege in The Bahamas since the beginning of British colonialism. This ideal justifies and confers the dominance of whiteness while also including a moral responsibility to enforce the racial hierarchy as a part of a "global cognitive dysfunction" (Mills 18) that sees non-white actors as intrinsically lesser; an understanding Charles Mills argues is needed to uphold a racialized social contract. This "grammar of racial difference" inculcates the need for whiteness to act as savior through the subjugation and cultural integration of the "other" (Mahmud). However, beyond its role as a dysfunction, this conception of a moral obligation—or colloquially, a 'white savior complex'—guides understandings of why colonial leaders forged hegemonic relationships with the U.S. despite the country's apparent intent to achieve independence. These relationships were a strategic part of a colonial-savior complex and adherence to a global system that values 'whiteness.'
This paper suggests that despite independence, The Bahamas remains subjected to the dependency role under a system of white privilege, resulting from colonial agreements made with the United States, and multi-national agencies, and regulatory bodies that enforce a hegemonic reconstruction of influence. Ergo, the cultural hegemony of the United States as an industrialized giant merely filled the void that the British rule left behind.


The structure of domains and their evolution with temperature in potassium niobate (KNbO3) single crystals were studied by synchrotron radiation topography at Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory. The 90° domain disappears after the phase transition at about 224 °C, while the 60° (or 120°) domain still exists in the specimen.


Most of The Pane Island Coastal communities are not yet aware of the potential of Sargassum in their coastal area even though its benefits as a foodstuff is quite high, for this reason, it is necessary to have scientific information about the importance of the nutritional content of Sargassum sp. such as proximate chemical composition and crude fibers as a components of functional food product. The proximate chemical composition and crude fibers of Sargassum were studied to understand the nutritional profile. The results show that physical-chemical parameters of waters play an essential role in the nutrients composition of Sargassum. Among the two seaweeds, S. cristaefolium contained highest protein and carbohydrates content (8.54% and 7.25%, respectively) and S. crassifolium possessed highest ash, fat and crude fiber (41.52%, 0.30%, and 24.54%, respectively). Nutrient content and crude fiber in Sargassum cristaefolium and Sargassum crassifolium can be used as components of functional foods.


EdgeScale is a new platform that leverages serveless cloud computing to enable storage and processing on a hierarchy of data centers positioned over the geographic span of a network between the end-user device and the traditional wide-area cloud datacenter. EdgeScale applications are structured as lightweight stateless handlers that can be rapidely instantiated on demand. EdgeScale provides a scalable and persistent storage service that automatically migrates application state across the data center hierarchy to optimize access latency and reduce bandwidth consumption.


JJ Rousseau's descriptions on beauty of nature can be found in his works,mile,The Confessions,The New Heloise,and etc.This paper,based on reviewing these materials,explained the relationship between the deep experience of emotion and production of beauty of nature.The paper,on the macro background of two types of beauty of nature,also discussed the JJ Rousseau's aesthetic tendency which was beyond ancient beauty and classical arts.Understanding JJ Rousseau's ideology of beauty of nature has the great significance on the study of western literature development of romanticism,modernism,and post modernism.


Single crystal of l-histidine hydrochloride monohydrate (LHHC) was successfully grown by slow evaporation technique. The cell parameters and the crystallinity of the grown crystal were estimated by the single crystal. Mechanical strength of the grown crystal was analyzed using Vickers microhardness tester. Nonlinear optical property of the crystal was confirmed by Kurtz and Perry powder technique. AC conductivity and photoconductivity experiments are also carried out and the results are discussed.


It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of decorative panel, it can also make noninflammability, processability and weatherability good while with weatherability, stain resistance and solvent resistance.Noninflammability decoration sheet (10) is obtained by stacking gradually weatherability resin bed (4) and fluororesin layer (5) on substrate layer (1), and with noninflammability, wherein weatherability resin bed (4) is made up of the mixture of acrylic resin and acrylic resin rubber, and the mass ratio of acrylic resin rubber and acrylic resin is 30:70 to 60:In the range of 40, the ratio of fluororesin layer (5) and weatherability resin bed (4) is 10:90 to 40:In the range of 60.


The main factors of callus induction,callus differentiation and rooting of sedum spectabile boreau were studied by using leaf as explants.The results showed that the best medium for callus induction from leaf segments was MS with 2 mg/L 6-BA and 1.0 mg/L NAA,and the callus induction ratio reached to 93.3%.The MS medium supplemented with 2mg/L 6-BA and 0.1mg/L NAA was favorable for the differentiation and proliferation of buds,and the average regeneration plantlets per explants was 22.4.All the regeneration plantlets could root exuberantly after transferred to 1/2MS+IBA1.0 mg/L.


This paper describes the NiuTrans neural machine translation systems of the WMT22 General MT constrained task. We participate in four directions, including Chinese→English, English→Croatian, and Livonian↔English. Our models are based on several advanced Transformer variants, e.g., Transformer-ODE, Universal Multiscale Transformer (UMST). The main workflow consists of data filtering, large-scale data augmentation (i.e., iterative back-translation, iterative knowledge distillation), and specific-domain fine-tuning. Moreover, we try several multi-domain methods, such as a multi-domain model structure and a multi-domain data clustering method, to rise to this year's newly proposed multi-domain test set challenge. For low-resource scenarios, we build a multi-language translation model to enhance the performance, and try to use the pre-trained language model (mBERT) to initialize the translation model.


This column discusses the Fourth Annual Technical Conference on Potable Water and Public Health in Caracas, Venezuela. The focus of the seminar was improving water treatment for pathogenic microorganism removal, with an underlying theme of enhancing existing water regulations in the country. Other technical presentations focused on a field and laboratory investigation on Giardia and Cryptosporidium, water treatment optimization, and disinfectants/disinfection by‐products. In arranging the seminar, a partnering effort with contributions from private, academic, water utility, and professional organization entities was able to show a connection between water quality, optimization of water treatment, and public health.


Leptin acts in the brain to decrease food intake and promote energy expenditure by increasing sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) to thermogenic brown adipose tissue. Leptin also increases SNA to other beds including kidney with implications for obesity-induced hypertension. We previously demonstrated the importance the arcuate nucleus (Arc) of the hypothalamus in mediating leptin-induced increases in regional SNA, but the specific neuronal population within the Arc that mediates these responses is unknown. We hypothesized that agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and/or proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons of the Arc are critical for the increases in SNA in response to leptin. To test this, we generated mice lacking the leptin receptor specifically in AgRP or POMC neurons by crossing the LepR flox/flox mice with AgRP Cre or POMC Cre mice. Consistent with previous reports, both AgRP Cre/ LepR flox/flox mice and POMC Cre /LepR flox/flox mice have a slightly elevated body weight relative to littermate controls. Next, we used multifiber sympathetic nerve recording to assess the SNA effects of leptin. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of leptin (2 μg) led to a comparable increase in renal SNA in control mice (210±93%) and AgRP Cre /LepR flox/flox mice (191±53%). AgRP Cre/ LepR flox/flox mice also displayed a normal lumbar SNA response to ICV leptin (384±86%) relative to controls (325±46%). In contrast, POMC Cre /LepR flox/flox mice exhibited a significantly reduced renal SNA response to ICV leptin (5±17%) as compared to controls (174±45%). Lumbar SNA response to leptin was also blunted in POMC Cre /LepR flox/flox mice (24±21%) as compared to controls (358±53%). Thus, deletion of the leptin receptor from POMC neurons, but not AgRP neurons, interferes with the ability of leptin to increase sympathetic traffic. These results demonstrate that the sympathetic nerve responses evoked by leptin emanate from leptin action on POMC neurons.


Abstract Claisen rearrangement of electron-deficient O-allylated phenols, including fluorine-modified phenols, is facilitated in aqueous media at high temperatures and pressures under flow conditions, as opposed to organic solvents. The O-allylation of phenols can be coupled with the Claisen rearrangement in an integrated flow system.


1 Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United-Kingdom. 2 Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Armand-Trousseau Hospital, AP-HP and University Paris VI, Paris, France. 3 Department of Biology, University College London, London, United-Kingdom. 4 Department of Pediatric Nephrology Reference Centre for Rare Renal Diseases, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, University of Lyon, Lyon, France. 5 Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert-Debré Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France. 6 Department of Pediatric Pharmacology Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Investigation Center CIC9202, Robert-Debré Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.


A silicon steel product with low iron loss for a low-noise transformer, and manufacturing method thereof. The silicon steel product comprises: a silicon steel substrate, a magnesium silicate bottom layer formed on a surface of the silicon steel substrate, and an insulation coating applied on the magnesium silicate bottom layer. The magnesium silicate bottom layer has a normal reflection (R) of 40-60% for visible light. The silicon steel product with low iron loss for a low-noise transformer achieves normal reflection of visible light by stringent control of the magnesium silicate bottom layer of the silicon steel substrate. The magnesium silicate bottom layer has a uniform gloss to reduce iron loss and minimize magnetically driven expansion and contraction, resulting in low noise and making the silicon steel product especially suitable for a transformer.


Carcinoma of the facial region often requires radical surgical excision, which results in varying amount of tissue loss of the facial structures. Such defects cause serious functional as well as esthetic complications. This paper describes the maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient having right lateral midfacial defect combined with a mandibular defect on the same side; by using a maxillary resection obturator, widened occlusal table and a facial prosthesis.


Presents the design strategy applied in order to develop the architecture and to realize an ASIC DSP, which is capable of performing all digital baseband algorithms for a GSM Mobile within one VLSI ASIC.<<ETX>>


The invention discloses a pot seedling fertilizing and transplanting device. A fertilizer delivery tube is fixed at the hollow point of the interior behind the cutting edge of a furrow opener, two wing-shaped soil filling plates are separated for a certain distance and fixed on the rear part of the furrow opener, the furrow opener, the fertilizer delivery tube and the soil filling plats are fixedinto a whole, a furrowing wheel driven via a transmission chain wheel is rotationally supported between the two soil filling plates, the rear part of the furrowing wheel is hung and fixed on the axleon a rack, a reversed conical body type seedling guiding tube hung and fixed on the rack is arranged at the rear upper part of the furrowing wheel, two soil closing plates hung and fixed on the rack are separated at a certain distance, closely approach to the ground and arranged at the rear lower part of the seedling guiding tube, a pair of press wheels which are arranged into a butterfly shape opposite to the working direction of the machine are arranged behind the soil closing plates, and the press wheels are rotationally supported on the axle hung and fixed on the rack. The pot seedling fertilizing and transplanting device integrates functions of furrowing, fertilizing, seedling dropping and moulding, can be suitable for the pot seedling transplanting of the field crops of various vegetables, cotton, corn, tobacco and beet, etc., and the pot seedling transplanting effect is good.


Objective To Explore changes and significance of neuropeptide in cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type(CSA) Methods NPY,ET,CGRP and ANP were measured with radio immunity methods in 30 cases of CSA treated with massage and 30 normal volunterr.Results Before treating,NPY,ET and ANP in CSA cases were higher than those in normal group,but CGRP vas contrary(P0 05).After treating,NPY?ET and ANP were lowered,while CGRP increased compared with pre treating(P0 05).Conclusion NPY,ET,CGRP and ANP may play important role in regulation of nerve and fluid function of CSA.


The article picks off the typical foot-verbs from Ezhou dialect. It threshes their fonts, enunciates and meaning. It researches their etymological note and starting point.


The telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) was discovered in the beginning of 1980s. This enzyme is able to preserve the chromosomes integrity by adding to their ends a specific nucleotide sequences called "telomeres" (1,2).


The interference of drugs on laboratory test results is discussed. Drug interference can be due to the pharmacological properties of a drug the toxic effects of the drug on the patient or an incompatibility of the drug with the test procedure. Formulations containing estrogens will cause falsely elevated values in thyroid funcion tests such as the protein-bound iodine and thyroxine tests. The progestational component in oral contraceptives has been known to increase serum cholesterol levels. Drug toxicity can interfere with liver function tests the determination of serum amylase levels and creatine phosphokinase tests. Ascorbic acid nalidixic acid and parenterally administered tetracyclines are examples of drugs that interfere with testing procedures especially tests of urinary glucose. Phenothiaxines have been found to produce false negative results in immunologic pregnancy tests. It is recommended that the physician be aware of the patients complete medication history (including over-the-counter drugs) be knowledgeable enough of test procedures to rule out drug interference and be certain that a diagnostic or therapeutic decision is based on the most specific laboratory determination possible.


The replacement of sand/cement by certain percentage of silica fumes, resulted in the improvement in compressive strength of the mortar. Silica fumes to the highly pozzolanic materials because it consists essentially of silica in non- crystalline form with a high specific surface. It is used to improve the mechanical properties of the concrete. The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of silica fume on the compressive strength of mortar. Three proportions of mixes viz mix 1:3, mix 1:4 and mix 1:6 with different percentages of silica fumes replacement with sand/cement were used. The maximum increase in strength at the age of 28 days when sand is replaced by 15% of silica fume has been observed as 40% and in case of cement replaced with 15% of silica fume, the observed increase in compressive strength of mortar comes out to be 28%. A quantitative cost analysis shows that with the replacement of cement and sand by silica fume, the in cost is more when sand is replaced and it is less when cement is replaced.


The study investigated the effects of different methods of application of selected mordants on dyeing woven cotton with natural dyes from the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina. The effects analyzed are color fastness to; light, washing, wet and dry rubbing and color characteristics on CIELab color coordinates. The aqueous extraction method was used to extract the dye. Some selected mordants were used for dyeing viz ; alum, potassium dichromate, ferrous sulphate, iron water and ash water. The mordanting methods used includes; pre-mordanting, simultaneous mordanting and post-mordanting. In the control dyeing without the use of mordants, very good fastness were registered with the following fastness ratings; for washing (4R), dry rubbing (5), wet rubbing (5) and light (5). The natural dye is therefore a substantive dye since it is very fast without mordants. The use of mordants improved color fastness to light from ratings of (5) to (6) for most mordants with post-mordanting methods registering the best results.  Multiple colors were produced with different mordants therefore the plant leaves possess polygenetic dye. Post- mordanting method registered the best color strengths K/S values and it exhibited the best color saturation values C. In all cases post-mordanting method gave the best color characteristics with the most brilliant colors on fabrics and good color fastness with all mordants.  However, there was no observable effect of mordanting methods on the yellowness or greenness of color. Keywords : Vernonia Amygdalina , post-mordanting, color fastness, substantive dye


Changes in the nature and availability of parallel systems have led to increasing demand for programming languages and tools that support portability across multiple parallel platforms. In particular, users now look for support in migrating existing codes to new or different platforms, in transporting codes among a variety of systems without sacrificing performance, and in taking advantage of multiple systems for their program development activities. This paper reviews the requirements for multi-platform languages and tools. It describes the levels at which transportable parallelism can be supported and suggests criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of that support.<<ETX>>


We introduce interval number and boxicity for digraphs, analogous to the corresponding concepts for graphs. The results are: 1) i(D) maxf + (D); ? (D)g, which is sharp. 2) The largest interval number of an n-vertex digraph is between (1?o(1)) n 4lg 2n and n lg n + 2. 3) The largest boxicity of an n-vertex digraph is dn=2e.


Objective: To study the effect of a new easy method, lighting acupoint with medical multifocal frequency spectrum instrument, in acute bronchial asthma in children. Methods: Using random allocation control test .Routine combined treatments were used in control and observation group, and lighting acupoint with medical multifocal frequency spectrum instrument in observation group. Results: In observation group effect rate was 48.21%; effective rate 44.64%; and the total effective was 92.45%. In control group effectual rate was 28.55%;effective rate 51.92%; and the total effective rate was 80.77%. There was significant difference between the two groups (P0.01). Conclusion: Treating acute bronchial asthma in children by using medical multifocal frequency spectrum instrument may be effective, painless, easy to accept and popularized in grass-root hospitals.


In this paper, thermal performance of solar pond for different condition was numerically investigated by using discrete ordinates method to facilitate a greater understanding of the effects of relative various condition on thermal performance improvement of solar pond. For this, a 3-D prototypes of solar ponds with square cross-sections were simulated for the oversoil and subsoil, insulated and uninsulated, open on and off conditions. The direction of sunlight (zenith angle and the solar elevation) was automatically computed from the latitude, longitude, time zone, date, and time. The estimated solar position is accurate for a date between year 2000 and 2199, due to an approximation used in the Julian Day calendar calculation. Seasonal temperature variation of solar pond was calculated for the full period of one year starting from March and calculated data were compared with experiment to validate simulation accuracy of heat transfer model. Result indicates that temperatures in the summer time were calculated at around 55?C, while temperatures in the winter were in the range of 20 to 30?C and temperature changes between 30?C and 40?C in spring and autumn.


We have investigated a thin-layer chromatography method1 for the quantitative measurement of free and conjugated bile acids in duodenal juice. Evaluation of solvent systems and colour spray reagents has enabled us to select conditions which improve the resolution, sensitivity and colour stability of the method. The modified method, using high-performance thin-layer chromatography and densitometry, is rapid, accurate, reproducible and practicable. The technique deserves wider routine use.


Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare autosomal recessive multisystem disorder with a short life expectancy. During adoles- cence pulmonary complications are common in A-T patients, and respiratory failure is the most important cause of death. Therefore me- chanical ventilation is often considered in these patients. In this study we retrospectively evaluated the clinical characteristics and ICU course of three consecutive adolescent A-T patients who were mechanically ventilated for respiratory failure. None of these patients had a history of respiratory infection. In all patients volume-pressure ratios indicated severe restrictive lung dysfunction. This was supported by data on pre-admission lung function testing. All three patients died of hypercapnic respiratory failure during ICU admission. The study shows that severe restrictive lung function is a common finding in adolescent A-T patients which may seriously complicate ventilatory treatment. Preadmission lung function testing is essential for the optimal medical management of these patients.


As a Latina at a Hispanic Serving Institution, I joined the Peer-Led Team Learning (PLTL) program at the University of Texas at El Paso to overcome my language insecurity, gain confidence, persevere, and become a more successful student. Peer leading has helped me boost my confidence, gain better communication and time management skills, learn to work under pressure, manage difficult situations, and improve my ability to work with diverse students. In addition, it increased my sense of responsibility. The PLTL program is advantageous for both students and Peer Leaders alike because each group learns from the other while overcoming challenges together. Peer Leaders learn to communicate effectively while allowing space and time for students to make mistakes, collaborate with one another, and learn through engaging activities. As a Latina Peer Leader, I was also able to foster collaboration between Hispanic and non-Hispanic students, promoting inclusion in a friendly workshop environment that promoted high participation.


An edible dual-component antistaling filming agent for fruit and vegetables containing the component A for antistaling and green keeping purposes and the component B for water-proof purpose. Its filmformed on the surface of fruit and vegetable features high transparency, good antibacterial function, selective air permeability and high effect.


The paper explains diffculty of charge for central heating after residential commercialization, reasonably designs and reforms the old heating system,installs heat flowmeter and temperature control valve every house, improves heat efficiency,reduces heat loss every link,makes user pay fees reasably according to heat value, and solves difficulty of charge for heating in real estate management.


Because of the effects of various factors in remote sensing image acquisition process, the remote sensing image has a low quality. This paper uses histogram equalization, histogram specification and wavelet transformation respectively to realize image enhancement. The image is satellite remote sensing image of pingtan island of Fujian province. The histogram equalization can adjust the whole image contrast automatically. While histogram specification enhances the contrast of a grayscale range selectively. Wavelet transform is an analysis method of time-ftequency localization.


This modern and trendy 100-room city hotel is designed for holidaymaking couples and families looking for good value. It is ideal for either short holiday breaks or long stays. The charming property offers a lobby area, 24-hour room service, two meeting..


Urban-induced thermal stress can threaten human health, especially during heat waves (HWs). The growth of cities further exacerbates this effect. Here, weather research and forecasting (WRF) with an urban canopy model (UCM) is used to assess the effects of megacities and their growth on the thermal regime of proximal cities during heat waves. Analysis of the heat fluxes shows that advection impacts cities downwind. Results indicate that as urban areas change size (50%–100% and 100–150% of their current size), the local 2 m temperature increases by 2.7 and 1.7 °C, and the 2 m specific humidity decreases by 2.1 and 1.4 g kg−1, respectively. A small city downwind is impacted with a 0.3–0.4 °C increase in 2 m temperature. Green roof is a potential mitigation strategy for these regions (i.e., beyond the megacity). With 50% green roofs in an urban area, a 0.5 °C decrease in 2 m temperature and 0.6 g kg−1 increase in specific humidity is simulated. Urbanization upwind of a megacity will contribute to regional climate change.


ABSTRACT Using nationally representative data generated by the normal, day-to-day operation of schools, this research tested the major conclusions drawn from case studies focusing on principal effectiveness. On the basis of detailed information regarding individual student characteristics and achievements, detailed characteristics of teachers and their instructional choices and methods, and detailed information on the characteristics and behavior of principals, relevant changes in the educational process and in student outcomes were measured in relation to particular types of principal behavior. After the introduction, section 2 reviews the literature on the principal's role in student achievement. In section 3, a general contextual model for student achievement is presented, and the research methodology is described in detail, including the educational production function approach to the model and the specification of the variables for principal behavior and attributes. The empirical results are presented in section 4. The study concludes that principals directly affect student achievement through providing strong leadership and reduci,g conflicts among the participants in the educational process. Reidrences are included, along with an appendix listing variables used in the analysis. (T8)


At the end of the closing day of financial year 2004-05, Sabui sat in his office feeling happy about his company crossing the Rs. 10 million sales mark for the first time. His customers had acknowledged his expertise in design and fabrication engineering of crane components like operator's cabin and cable trolley, and consistently gave him repeat orders. It was a tribute to his technical expertise, but inside his heart he knew that he could have done better if he was not constrained by his plant's capacity. He wanted Pagoda to become the largest producer of operator's cabins in the world by 2010, yet he knew that continuing with the current way would not lead him anywhere near that goal. He was also keen on exporting his products but was aware of severe competition in those markets.


Currently, aging has become an important topic as the amount of older adults is increasing. Therefore, there are efforts to prolong an active life of older people, and ICT, both devices and services may assist them in this process. The purpose of this study is to explore the use of the internet among older people in the Czech Republic with respect to their age and gender. The key methods exploited in this study include a questionnaire survey. The results indicate that the age is a decisive factor in the use of the internet by seniors. However, the gender seems not to belong to important factors. Generally, older people mostly use the internet for socialising (communication, sharing images), gaining information and exploiting e-services (banking, shopping). The results also suggest that they should be trained in the use of the internet and considering the collected information.


The authors consider hidden Markov models (HMMs) whose latent process has m ≥ 2 states and whose state‐dependent distributions arise from a general one‐parameter family. They propose a test of the hypothesis m = 2. Their procedure is an extension to HMMs of the modified likelihood ratio statistic proposed by Chen, Chen & Kalbfleisch (2004) for testing two states in a finite mixture. The authors determine the asymptotic distribution of their test under the hypothesis m = 2 and investigate its finite‐sample properties in a simulation study. Their test is based on inference for the marginal mixture distribution of the HMM. In order to illustrate the additional difficulties due to the dependence structure of the HMM, they show how to test general regular hypotheses on the marginal mixture of HMMs via a quasi‐modified likelihood ratio. They also discuss two applications.


Patient. —A Chinaman; aged 64, a laborer, for the past fifteen years had been troubled by a rupture which had gradually increased in size. On several occasions there had been difficulty in reducing the contents, but he had always finally succeeded. He had never used a truss. Four days previous to his admittance to the hospital, the swelling had increased in size and he had been unable to reduce it. He had suffered considerable pain. The bowels had moved once. According to the patient's statement, which was corroborated by that of his friends and relatives, he had not vomited at all. Physical Examination. —The patient was a fairly well-nourished man; pulse was 120; temperature 101; respiration embarrassed. The abdomen was greatly distended and tympanitic. The right inguinal region showed a tense, tender swelling involving the right side of the scrotum. The skin over the swelling was reddened and edematous. There


This article is an excerpt of a research report by the same title. An earlier version of the report will appear as a chapter in R. Bennett and W. Ward (eds.), Construction Versus Choice in Cognitive Measurement, to be published by Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.


Purpose. To establish the patterns of sugar beet growth and development under application of measures to increase the crop tolerance to drought stress in the zone of unstable moisture of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine.
Methods. The research was carried out in the experimental field of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (50.023194, 30.173895) during 2014–2018. The research scheme included the soil application of the moisture retaining agent Aquasorb (300 kg/ha), Mirazonit soil bacteria concentrate (20 kg/ha), application of the plant growth regulator Kelpak SC (2 l/ha, BBCH 14 + 4 l/ha, BBCH 18) and microfertilizers Alpha-Grow-Extra Beet (3 l/ha, BBCH 18) and Micro-Mineralis Beet (1.5 l/ha, BBCH 18). Aquasorb was applied during early spring tillage with the Amazone ZA-TS 3200 spreader. The soil was treated with the Mirazonit soil bacteria concentrate (20 l/ha) prior to cultivation using an Amazone UF field mounted sprayer at a flow rate of 200 l/ha.
Results. Aquasorb moisture retaining agent at the application rate of 300 kg/ha ensured additional 5 mm of soil water in the soil layer of 0–20 cm, which is extremely important at the beginning of the vegetation season. In addition, hydrogel particles located close to the soil surface increase the soil water absorption capacity during rainfalls. Combined action of Aquasorb and Mirazonit ensured the most optimal indicators of plant density at the end of the vegetation season (108–109.3 thousand plants/ha). Most probably, this could be explained by the high efficiency of this biopreparation against the seedling borer. In particular, with an average prevalence of this pest in the 2.73% of the sowings, only 1.4–1.7% of sugar beet plants were damaged due to the complex action of hydrogel and Mirazonit. The use of plant growth regulator Kelpak SC had a positive effect on the formation of the length of lateral roots in the phase of leaf closure in the row (BBCH 30). In the phase of leaf closure between rows (BBCH 39) under the application of Aquasorb, the plants had 18.8 mm longer lateral roots, which ultimately ensured the formation of a higher root mass by 11.9 g/plant. At the same time, the effect of growth regulator on the length of the roots, both separately and in combination with other agricultural measures, was not detected.
Conclusions. The best conditions for the growth and development of sugar beet plants were created in the treatment with the combined application of all studied agrotechnical practices. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the improvement of crop cultivation technology in the zone of unstable soil moisture of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine based on the comprehensive application of measures that contribute to increasing the crop tolerance to drought stress.


This thesis relates to: EL JUEGO Y SU INCIDENCIA EN EL DESARROLLO SOCIO – AFECTIVO DE LOS NINOS Y NINAS DE PRIMER ANO DE EDUCACION GENERAL BASICA DE LA ESCUELA "CIUDAD DE ZUMBA" PARROQUIA ZUMBA CANTON CHINCHIPE PERIODO LECTIVO 2014-2015. LINEAMIENTOS PROPOSITIVOS, conducted according to the provisions of the Rules of Academic System of it was Loja National University. The General Objective: To determine the incidence of the Game as a factor Socio-Affective development factor. How it affects the game Affective Development Partner of children of first year of basic general education school " City Zumba " Zumba parish Canton Chinchipe . School period 2014-2015 ? proactive guidelines
The methods used for the preparation of this research work were: Scientific, inductive, deductive, analytical, Synthetic, Descriptive, and Statistical Model, the same that served efficiently helps to achieve children the proposed goal. The techniques and instruments used were a teacher surveg of children in the first of Basic General Education First year "Ciudad de Zumba" School Chinchipe canton to establish the type of games that the teacher applies in its Survey Daily Working Hours; assess the Socio-Affective development.
According to the results teachers survey representing 100%, it was concluded that games practice with children in the classroom are the motors Games and Traditional Games.
According to the results of the test Ebee Leon Gross was determined that 58% investigates children had affective development of Highly Satisfactory, 32% Satisfactory and 10% Unsatisfactory,


perspectives ISSN 1360–3108 print/ISSN 1460–7018 online © 2010 Taylor & Francis http://www.informaworld.com DOI: 10.1080/13603108.2010.517427 Taylor and Francis PSP_A_517427. gm 10.1080/13603108.2010.517427 Perspectives 360-3108 (pri t)/1460-7018 (online) Original Article 2 1 & Francis 0 0 002010 Ro erBrown rogerbrown4@goo lemail.com In Policy Watch, Professor Roger Brown provides expert analysis on key policy issues in higher education. This regular column seeks to provide readers with up-to-date briefings on recent policy developments in the sector in order to help inform their leadership, management and professional services activities and roles.


Background We compared pain relief after total hip arthroplasty using periarticular intraoperative injection along with single dose post operative injection of local anesthetic (THA) with the well-established practice of epidural infusion. Methods 70 patients undergoing elective THA under combined spinal anaesthesia were randomly assigned to receive either (1) continuous epidural infusion (group B) or (2) infiltration around the hip joint with a mixture of 100 ml of bupivacaine (2 mg/ml) + 1ml ketorolac (30mg/ml) and 0.5ml epinephrine (1mg/ml) at the conclusion of surgery combined with one postoperative intraarticular injection of 20 ml. of Bupivacaine 0.5% + 1ml ketorolac (30mg/ml)+ 0.5 ml. epinephrine (1mg/ml) through an intraarticular catheter (group A). All patients received acetoaminophen 1gm 8 hourly for 72 hrs and injection ketoralac 30mg every 6 hourly IV(15mg if >65 yr 30mg if 7) was treated by injection fentanyl 20 μg bolus at 10 min. interval till VAS reduced to 4 after 15 min. then injection fentanyl 20 μg bolus was given at 10 min interval till VAS Results Narcotic consumption was significantly reduced in group A compared to group B (p=0.007). Pain levels at rest and during mobilization were similar in both groups during first 24 hrs but significantly reduced in group A after cessation of treatment. Interpretation Wound infiltration combined with intraarticular injection of local Anaesthetics provides good pain relief for patients undergoing THA.


The invention discloses a wireless positioning method and a base station and belongs to the technical field of positioning. The wireless positioning method includes that the base station acquires navigation messages comprising positioning information, generates positioning signals with the navigation messages and transmits the positioning signals to a terminal so that the terminal can acquire the navigation messages in the positioning signals and realize positioning according to the positioning information in the navigation messages. The base station acquires the navigation messages comprising the positioning information and transmits the positioning signals with the navigation messages to the terminal, and accordingly, the terminal can automatic position according to the positioning information in the navigation messages, and further, computing load of servers can be reduced. Additionally, compared with the method of positioning in the OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) modulation manner, the wireless positioning method can improve positioning accuracy and reduce positioning complexity.


Reaction of C-β-D-glycopyranosyl-1,4-dimethoxybenzenes with acetyl nitrate afforded 2-(β-D-glycopyranosyl)-1,4-dimethoxy-5-nitrobenzenes in high yields. These were converted smoothly (reduction to amines, N-acylation, oxidation, and reduction) into the corresponding C-glycosyl-hydro(benzo)quinone derivatives, with different amide-based substituents at C-5. Reduction of the nitro compounds to amines proceeded smoothly by catalytic hydrogen transfer with HCO 2 NH 4 .


This paper presents an auto-annotation system with simple pre-processed segmentation for digital color image. Recently, annotation techniques become one popular method for image retrieval system in image database management, image recognition system and so on. In the paper, we propose a two-step approach for image annotation. Firstly, the color image is needed to be segmented into two parts: the main object is assumed as the foreground part, and the other will be the background part, and then, only the features of the foreground part (main object) are used for annotation of global images. Here, it is assumed that only a single main object is included in the color image, so annotation problem can be considered as a kind of classification problem, and all the images in database can be automatically categorized by neural network. After image annotating, user can easily retrieve the similar set of images with the same conception that user needs. Finally, we compare the performance of the proposed systems with different processing methods. Experimental results show efficiency of the proposed annotation system.


This research attempts to identify tourists' shopping motives in Hainan in relation to their socio-demographic and trip characteristics in the context of Chinese domestic tourism during COVID-19. Using a motivational market segmentation approach, the study revealed three motivations: obtaining local cultural products, high quality gifts at good prices, and a diverse range of high quality products. Three distinctive groups emerged by motivational profile, namely, efficiency seekers, want-it-all shoppers, and unwilling shoppers. Significant differences in tourist shopping behavior were identified among the three groups regarding gender, age, income, region, and tourism motivation. The findings of this research will provide destination management organizations, tourism practitioners, and policy makers of both local and national governments with practical directions by which to approach the target markets, understand their needs, and understand the benefits they seek against the background of the integration of culture and tourism.


Aeration plays an important role in the treatment of activated sludge and the velocity of bubble rising in water is of critical effect upon aeration.Based on the experimental study, a K e mathematical model for gas liquid two phase turbulent flow is established.The calculated result is in good agreement with experimental data.


ABSTRACT Sustained neurotransmission requires the tight coupling of synaptic vesicle (SV) exocytosis and endocytosis. The mechanisms underlying this coupling are poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that a cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), encoded by the foraging (for) gene in Drosophila melanogaster, is critical for this process using a for null mutant, genomic rescues and tissue-specific rescues. We uncoupled the exocytic and endocytic functions of FOR in neurotransmission using a temperature-sensitive shibire mutant in conjunction with fluorescein-assisted light inactivation of FOR. We discovered a dual role for presynaptic FOR, in which FOR inhibits SV exocytosis during low-frequency stimulation by negatively regulating presynaptic Ca2+ levels and maintains neurotransmission during high-frequency stimulation by facilitating SV endocytosis. Additionally, glial FOR negatively regulated nerve terminal growth through TGF-β signalling, and this developmental effect was independent of the effects of FOR on neurotransmission. Overall, FOR plays a critical role in coupling SV exocytosis and endocytosis, thereby balancing these two components to maintain sustained neurotransmission. Summary: This work highlights the multifaceted nature of kinases and provides mechanistic insight into how neurons balance synaptic vesicle exocytosis and endocytosis by identifying a cGMP-dependent protein kinase as a key regulator.


This essay traces posthuman thought in stories about dogs and children by nineteenth-century American author Elizabeth Stuart Phelps. Drawing from the writings of Phelps and her anti-vivisectionist contemporaries and from recent posthuman philosophy, I analyze the ways in which Phelps' focus on medical experimentation became a way for her to theorize the place of the nonhuman animal in fiction for children.