The calibration process for an adaptive optics system using modal control computes the reconstructor matrix in terms of a matrix whose columns are the measurements from a wavefront sensor. Each column of wavefront sensor measurements corresponds to a mode that is applied to the mirror. Since the measured gradients are corrupted by errors, the accuracy of the computed reconstructor is degraded by large condition numbers of the gradient matrix. A common method used to limit the condition number of this matrix is to reject all higher order modes when the condition number reaches the maximum desired value. However, it is possible (even likely) that one or a few modes are responsible for much of the increase in the condition number. By rejecting only those modes, an increased number of modes could be controlled. Unfortunately, computing the condition number of the gradient matrix for all possible combinations of modes is prohibitive. This paper uses a genetic optimization algorithm to increase the number of modes that are retained for control. The genetic algorithm maximizes the number of modes retained. A bound on the condition number of the gradient matrix is imposed. The paper applies this method to both the ALFA adaptive optics system on Calar Alto (with 37 subapertures), and a proposed CHEOPS adaptive optics system with 1652 subapertures.


MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are an abundant class of small non-coding RNAs,which are single-stranded RNA of 18-25 nt.Researches have showed that microRNAs has play an important role in regulating the tumorigenesis.Tumor angiogenesis is a key step in invasion and metastasis of solid tumors,the current researches are going to focus on the anti-angiogenesis therapy.Studies have shown that microRNAs involved in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis,which affect tumorigenesis by adjusting tumor angiogenesis factors.


there is provided a process for the preparation of a phenol-modified aromatic hydrocarbon formaldehyde resin of low viscosity (C) which includes performing a condensation reaction with an aromatic hydrocarbon-formaldehyde resin (A) and a phenol (B) in the presence of an acid catalyst , The method includes: terminating the condensation reaction, if a reaction mixture having a viscosity at 25 ° C from 200 to 1500 mPa.s, by adding an inorganic basic compound and / or a tertiary amine compound having a boiling point of 300 ° C or more ; and distilling and removing the unreacted phenol (B) and a low boiling component after completion of the condensation reaction, whereby a phenol-modified aromatic hydrocarbon formaldehyde resin of low viscosity can be produced, which remains in the liquid state and contains small amount of the unreacted phenols, and wherein the increase in viscosity even after removal of low boiling components is small.


A dot matrix display subsystem was placed within the electronic instrument cluster of a test vehicle for the purpose of demonstrating the capability of presenting text and graphic information within a relatively limited package space. This paper focuses on the design efforts for prototyping a dot matrix display subsystem as well as some recommended enhancements for a future application.


To strengthen awareness of the need for cooperation, between public and private partners, and between countries, a new exercise set-up was developed. The VITEX exercise set-up is a table top exercise that aims to bring relevant networks together, and supports cooperation and collaboration between those networks. The exercise set-up forms the basis of the exercise, in which different scenarios – relating to the various critical infrastructure sectors - can be trained. Thus it contributes to a shared understanding of what the Critical Infrastructures means within Member States are and how European cooperation can contribute to improve the resilience of Critical Infrastructure.


Cyclooxygenase (COX) is reported to play a significant role in neurodegeneration. Recent studies have shown that chronic ethanol administration up‐regulates cyclooxygenase expression. In the present study we examined the effect of nimesulide (a preferential COX‐2 inhibitor), rofecoxib (a highly selective COX‐2 inhibitor) or naproxen (a non‐selective COX‐inhibitor displaying high affinity towards the COX‐1 isoenzyme) on alcohol‐induced withdrawal symptoms. Mice were made physically dependent on alcohol by the chronic administration of ethanol (2g/kg of 10% v/v), intragastrically, twice on day 1 and then once‐daily on successive days for a total of 7 days. Nimesulide [2.5mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)], rofecoxib (2mg/kg, i.p.) or naproxen (7mg/kg, i.p.) were administered daily for 7 days before administering alcohol intragastrically. After 24 hours of the last alcohol administration, the treatments were reversed and the mice were tested for withdrawal, so that the animals that had received COX‐inhibitors followed 30 minutes later by ethanol on days 1–7 were challenged with saline. Similarly, the animals which received saline followed 30 minutes later by ethanol received only saline. Behavioural analysis revealed hyperlocomotor activity, increased anxious response and increased hyperalgesia in mice. Also, alcohol withdrawal decreased the threshold for Pentylenetetrazole‐(PTZ)‐induced convulsions. Pretreatment with COX‐inhibitors rofecoxib (2mg/kg, i.p.) or nimesulide (2.5mg/kg, i.p.) displayed significant protection against ethanol‐induced withdrawal symptoms, while naproxen (7mg/kg, i.p.) was not effective in reversing alcohol‐induced withdrawal symptoms. The results of the present study suggest strongly the possible role of cyclooxygenases, particularly COX‐2 inhibitors, on ethanol‐induced withdrawal symptoms and the potential use of COX‐2 inhibitors in their prevention and treatment.


Instructions for using Mashups in QUT Blackboard sites, a function that allows coordinators to integrate multimedia content from external websites.


Objective To design and develop a magnetically drived axial left ventricular assist device,and evaluate its performance. Methods For the test of hemolysis in vitro mock circuit,a particular blood bag was used as a mock circulation loop and the sheep blood were used as the circulating medium. The normalized index of hemoglobin (NIH) was used to measure the hemolysis. The in vivo adaptability was tested through 12 hours in animal experiments with 3 goats. Results The NIH for the axial blood pump was (0.158 ± 0.043) mg/L. There were no mechanical breakdowns in 12 hours animal experiments; the free hemoglobin (FHb) of each experimental animal started rising just after circulation; the highest value was 164.8 mg/L. Conclusion The results obtained from the in vivo testing and animal experiment indicated that this is an acceptable design for blood pump,and worth to further improvement.


Literature on message framing effects on persuasive communication shows mixed results. It appears that framing effects depend on different factors that activate different processes. We report the results of an experiment in which smokers and non-smokers judged some characteristics of messages describing negative consequences of smoking or positive consequences of not smoking. Positive consequences were framed either as gains or avoided losses and negative consequences were framed either as losses or as foregone gains. Results show that perceived persuasive efficacy increases with loss and gain messages, particularly when gain messages are evaluated by smokers and loss messages describe long-term consequences.


On the basis of on-the-spot investigation and detection,the water quality of pollution source of Dawu river was assessed by using the method of equivalent standard lording.On this basis,the water pollution characteristics of Dawu river were analysed and the results indicated that the main pollutant was heavy metal pollution and acid water pollution, as well as main pollution source.These provided scientific and credible proof to control water pollution.


Curriculum reform is the crucial part of this stage's education reform. Since its practice in the 90th academic year, Grade 1-9 Curriculum has introduced another stage of curriculum reform. Under the trend of combining individual subjects into learning areas, health and physical education were combined as "Health and Physical Education Learning Area". The researcher attempted to understand the effectiveness of this learning area through students' learning satisfaction. Hence, the primary goals of this research were to study the Penghu County elementary school students' learning satisfaction towards "Health and Physical education Learning Area", compare how students with different background differ in terms of their satisfaction towards this learning area, and what could be done to upgrade students learning satisfaction. The "Health and Physical Education Area Satisfaction Questionnaire" designed by the researcher was used to survey all elementary school fifth-graders in Penghu County. A total number of 940 questionnaires were sent out and 897 responded. The returned rate for this study was 95%. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA were computed using the software SPSS10.0 for data analysis. The results indicated that (a) elementary school students' learning satisfaction and effect of Health and Physical Education Area were moderately high in Penghu County; (b) learning effect had the highest satisfaction, followed by peer relationship, teacher instruction, learning environment, teaching material and school administration; (c) no significant difference was found on students' learning satisfaction between two genders; (d) schools with 13 classes or more showed greater satisfaction compared with those with less than 12classes; (e) teaching each subjects separately had higher satisfaction than teaching as a combined area; (f) ways to improve satisfaction included adopting team competition, purchasing more equipment, offering sufficient classes, and providing a variety of curriculum. These were ranked top of the four aspects of teacher instruction, learning environment, school administration and teaching material respectively. The results of this research could be used as reference for the instruction of Health and Physical Education Area, with the hope to upgrade students' learning satisfaction and improve the effectiveness of this learning area, and achieve the ultimate goal of the well-being of the students.


The survey of the Shangri-La Songzanlin Temple "Welcoming Buddha Day" ceremony,examines the relationship between music and ceremony,and from the perspective of the individual observation,describes the interaction between ceremony of music and ceremony faith "validity" pointing out that :reading,singing(song),playing(music) as a structured representation system,in "Welcoming Buddha Day" ceremony,not only constitute an important way of cultural impact statements,but also constitute important ethnic groups in Tibet psychological experience and emotional memory.Referred to as a cultural symbol for the ceremony,music has become an important carrier of the unique history of the Tibetan ethnic society in the public domain statements.


Honey bee colonies have to struggle for their existence during dearth periods. Colonies must be fed with artificially formulated diets to maintain bee population. In the present study, efforts were made to develop highly palatable, nutritionally balanced and economically viable pollen supplement or substitute for Apis mellifera. Diet 3 composed of soy flour-1part, brewer's yeast-1part, soy protein hydrolysate-1part, sugar-1part, glucose-1part proved to be best for honeybees in terms of biochemical composition, net consumption, positive influence on colony parameters and input cost involved.


Vegetables crops are important in human nutrition and its importance in daily nutrition is getting increases all around the world. Rapid germination and emergence of seedlings are essential for successful crop establishment, importance of good and high crop establishment is recognized by researchers and as well as by farmers they are major challenges in successful crop production (Chivasa et al., 1998 and Murungu et al., 2004). Main reasons for the successful crop stand are high germination percent and good vigor of seedlings (Noor et al., 2013). Modern strategic approaches are however International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 06 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

https://www.ijcmas.com/8-6-2019/Dipika Mal, et al.pdf


Scanning tunneling microscopy was used to study the sputtered and annealed (110) surfaces of ${\mathrm{Mo}}_{3}$Si and ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{3}$Si. Both surfaces show extended and atomically flat terraces, but in the case of ${\mathrm{Mo}}_{3}$Si there is also a uniform distribution of Mo crystallites. This difference in morphology is discussed in terms of different preferential sputtering effects. In both cases, measured step heights show that the ideally bulk-truncated surfaces are either purely Si or metal terminated. Atomically resolved images suggest that the ${\mathrm{Mo}}_{3}$Si surface is Si terminated, but although no atomic resolution could be obtained for the ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{3}$Si surface, there are indications that this surface is instead metal terminated.


A device for producing a known pressure at designated points in a progressive plane sound wave is described. The method of using this "absolute pressure generator" to effect the free‐field calibration of a velocity microphone over a limited frequency range is outlined, and the results compared with a Rayleigh‐disk calibration. Suggestions are given for extending the range over which the generator can be used as a microphone calibrating agency.


A theory for the internal rotation in molecules where the internal rotor is not a symmetric top has been formulated. The principal feature of the theory is the expansion of the rotational constants for the molecule in a converging series of sinnα and cosnα. This allows for the straightforward evaluation of certain integrals appearing in the development of the theory.In addition, the theory is applied specifically to CH2DCOH, CD2HCOH, and CHOOCH2D in the analysis of the microwave rotational spectra for these molecules. For CH2DCOH the height of the potential barrier hindering the internal motion is found to be V=410 cm—1, which is consistent with the barrier height for other species of acetaldehyde. To fit the spectra of CD2HCOH and CHOOCH2D a slight rotation of the effective principal axes must be made to obtain a consistent potential barrier.The results of the calculation indicate that (1) the theory is readily applicable in the determination of the barrier heights of the more general molecules, and (2) ...


Deductivism is explained and defended. The thesis holds that logic generally, both formal and informal, is primarily concerned with the normative distinction between good and bad reasoning, and interprets good reasoning as minimally deductively valid inference. If deductivism is true, then it follows that all fallacies of reasoning, including the so-called informal or rhetorical fallacies, are deductively invalid. Deductivism as an ideology nevertheless cuts across the distinction between formal and informal logic. To defend deductivism against potential counterexamples, it is necessary to show that common fallacies are reconstructible as deductively invalid inferences. The present essay undertakes the groundwork of such a defense by arguing that even inductive argumentation, including inductive fallacies, along with circular reasoning, can be interpreted deductively. A large selection of other informal fallacies are also reconstructed as explicit deductive invalidities following a pattern that can be used to bring other fallacies under the deductivist umbrella.


Rhizomania, caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), is becoming more prevalent in the Red River Valley sugarbeet production region and is nearly endemic in the southern Minnesota sugarbeet production region. Resistant cultivars and crop rotation have been the main tactics used to manage the disease. More rhizomania management options may be needed in the future due to the recent spread of the 'P' strain in Europe and appearance of a new strain of BNYVV in California that are able to cause disease on Rhizomania-resistant cultivars that use the 'Holly' gene (Harju et al., 2002; Liu et al., 2003). The effect of tillage has not been evaluated for effects on rhizomania. It is possible that deeper tillage prior to planting may allow better drainage and better root growth thus providing a less adequate environment for disease infection. The use of fumigation has been evaluated for control of rhizomania in California, Texas, and the United Kingdom (Harveson and Rush, 1994; Henry et al., 1992; Martin and Whitney, 1990), but has not been evaluated in North Dakota and Minnesota. The systemic acquired resistance (SAR) inducer 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole-7-thiocarboxylic acid-Smethyl-ester manufactured by Syngenta and known as Actigard in the U.S. and BION in Europe has been evaluated for control of rhizomania of sugarbeet in Germany (Mouhanna and Schlosser, 1998).


A new experiment platform has been constructed to study the ionization with a rotating magnetic field, which is 2 meters in length and 35 cm in diameter. Two sets of antennas with a diameter of 40cm are fed separately by two pulsed power units based on thyratron. The maximum discharge voltage exceeds 40 kV with current 20kA, and the frequency is 83 kHz. Adjust the phase difference of the two power supply currents by 90 degrees to form a rotating magnetic field. The background magnetic field at the central axis of the vacuum chamber is 500G, corresponding to current of 400 A. Total capacitive stored energy is 30 kJ. A set of gas-puffing injecting system have been designed and installed. In this work, We will mainly describe our rotating magnetic field experimental platform in detail.


Psychometric measures in the computing environment have been employed for many years. Many instruments have been proposed to help understand and attempt to predict user's actions or inactions in the computing environment. This study moves toward a deeper awareness of computer users by investigating the correlation between four IT-related measures: computer usage, computer locus of control (Kay, 1990), computer literacy (Kay, 1990), and end-user satisfaction (Doll and Torkzadeh, 1988). Six hypotheses were proposed; all except one were supported. Reasons for the lack of findings on this hypothesis, along with a discussion of the five hypotheses that were supported are presented, as well as some interesting findings concerning the factor level scales of each measure.


Background: The effect of the calcium channel blockers on the cardiovascular system is implemented judiciously in different conditions related to cardiovascular system such as angina pectoris, hypertension, and in cardiac arrhythmias but the aspect that deals with the impact of blockade of calcium channels in other systems like endocrine system remains eclipsed. These effects generally go unnoticed and the present study was formulated to elucidate the serum T 3 , T 4 , TSH levels after administration of calcium channel blockers and to observe the resultant side effect on the endocrine glands, if any by this commonly used group of drugs. Methods: The study was conducted on male albino rabbits, they were divided in three groups of ten each and each group received one of the calcium channel blockers- Verapamil, Diltiazem and Nifedipine for three months. At the end of each month the serum T 3, T 4 , TSH levels were evaluated by chemiluminisence. Results: It was found that on continuous daily administration of calcium channel blockers there was a gradual fall in levels of T 3 and T 4 with rise in TSH levels in comparison to the control value taken before initiating the drug therapy . Conclusion: These findings could have potential clinical implications and this study proposes the importance of blood thyroid hormone level follow up in the long-term calcium channel blocker therapy .


A computer model was developed simulating flow and aeration requirements for a range of farm sizes, from 50 to 2000 hectares. Climatic effects and water quality upset conditions were included in the model as well as routine flow and aeration requirements. Several sensitivity runs were executed to determine the effect of the individual variables on the requirements. The results indicated that for farm sizes exceeding 200 hectares, water requirements drop dramatically from 50 liters/s to less than 15 liters/second/hectare, while aeration requirements dropped from 8 to 6 HP/hectare. For a 1000 hectare farm the seawater flow requirements drop from 50 to 15 cms, which represents a major saving in capital costs.


Abstract: As part of a major study on the seismic response of bridge systems with conventional and advanced details, a large-scale specimen of a four-span bridge incorporating several innovative plastic hinges was recently studied on the shake tables at the University of Nevada, Reno. The bridge model included six columns, each pair of which utilized a different unconventional detail at bottom plastic hinges: superelastic shape memory alloys combined with polyvinyl fiber concrete, post-tensioned columns, and columns with built-in rubber pads as base isolators. The upper plastic hinges were of conventional reinforced concrete (RC) construction. Experimental results showed a superior performance of the innovative details compared with conventional RC in terms of damage and residual displacements. Aiming for a widespread implementation of the innovative details in the engineering practice, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanics involved in the innovative details implemented in the bridge is crucial. Therefore, an analytical model of the bridge was developed on OpenSees to study the performance of the bridge specimen. Several elements and solution algorithms from the OpenSees library were attempted and incorporated in the model of the bridge to replicate the response of different plastic hinges. Diverse formulations such as gap and contact elements were implemented to simulate the bridge-abutment interaction. Prior to finalizing the design, the OpenSees model was used to select the location of different piers and the shake table testing program. Post-experimental analyses showed good agreement between the measured and calculated results overall. This article presents the modeling process and the correlation between the calculated and measured results.


Broughton's interests in chronology and translation converged in one final field that, despite being the most obscure to a modern reader, had a surprising impact on one of the most famous texts of the period: the King James Bible (or Authorized Version, 1611). This field is the academic study of biblical genealogy, and it is represented in the extensive genealogical diagrams that begin the AV. These diagrams have long remained mysterious to historians. It is commonly presumed that Broughton, along with the antiquarian John Speed, was responsible for their production, but many other questions about their creation and meaning have yet to be answered. In answering such questions, this chapter offers the first account of the purpose and sources of the AV genealogies, as well as introducing previously unknown drafts that testify to their composition. Moreover, it argues that this early genealogical work with Speed represented the beginning of a broader, more persistent concern that would preoccupy Broughton for the rest of his life: how to make cutting-edge biblical scholarship accessible to a wider public.


The howardite, eucrite and diogenite (HED) meteorites likely originate from asteroid 4-Vesta, the first of two asteroids targeted by NASA's Dawn mission]. Howardites are polymict breccias dominantly composed of basaltic (eucrite) and orthopyroxenitic (diogenite) material. They are believed to originate from the surface of Vesta, and may represent the regolithic surface layer. Many howardites contain "regolith"-like features including fragmental breccias clasts, carbonaceous chondrite fragments and melt clasts (impact and volcanic). Though such features may relate to asteroid regolith formation processes, the exact regolithic nature of the howardite suite is not well defined.


The flotation of metal ions was investigated using Biphenyland diethyl dithiophosphoric acids. From their flotation behavior, the metal ions were classified into three groups. The ions of first group [Au(III), Pd(II), Sb(III), In(III), Cd(II), Bi(III), Cu(II) and Pb(II) ] floated effectively under acidic conditions. The maximum yields of the ions of second group [Zn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II)] appeared at around pH=10.On the other hand, the floatability of ions belonging to the third group [Fe(III), Ga(III), Cr(III), Cr(VI), Ti(IV), Hf(IV), Al(III) and U(VI)] was lower than those of the first and second groups. These results could be fairly well understood in terms of HSAB (hard and soft acids and bases) prediction.


In this paper we consider the problem of the distributed deadlock resolu tion. Starting from a high level specification of the problem and the resolution algorithm for a system with single request model, we provide successive levels of decreasing ab straction of the initial specification in order to achieve a solution in a complete distributed system. The successive refinements and the final distributed deadlock resolution algo rithm are formaly described and proved by using the Input-Output Automata Model. The proposed solution is a modification of the algorithms in Mitchell and Merritt (1984) and Gonzalez de Mendivil et al. (1993) and preserves a similar message traffic to resolve a deadlock.


Two approaches for solving numerical continuous domain constrained optimization problems are proposed and experimented with. The first approach is based on particle swarm optimization algorithm with a new mutation operator in its velocity updating rule. Also, a gradient mutation is proposed and incorporated into the algorithm. This algorithm uses ε-level constraint handling method. The second approach is based on covariance matrix adaptation evolutionary strategy with the same method for handling constraints. It is experimentally shown that the first approach needs less number of function evaluations than the second one to find a feasible solution while the second approach is more effective in optimizing the objective value. Thus, a hybrid approach is proposed (third approach) which uses the first approach for locating potentially different feasible solutions and the second approach for further improving the solutions found so far. Also, a multi-swarm mechanism is used in which several instances of the first approach are run to locate potentially different feasible solutions. The proposed hybrid approach is applied to 18 standard constrained optimization benchmarks with up to 30 dimensions. Comparisons with two other state-of-the-art approaches show that the hybrid approach performs better in terms of finding feasible solutions and minimizing the objective function.


Abstract : This paper reviews methods for the parameterization of orthogonal matrices. Examples of where such parameterization can be used are presented. Keywords: Cayley transformation; Diagonalization, Simultaneous; Eulerian angles; Haar measure; Orthogonal group; Rotation groups.


Rice blast, caused by the fungus Pyricularia oryzae L., is considered one of the main threats to world rice production. The development of resistant cultivars is one of the best and sustainable control alternatives. Plant breeding efforts have been accelerated by genetic mapping (linkage and associative) and marker assisted selection. On the other hand, genomic editing techniques, such as meganucleases (MNs), Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator–like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindrome Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), can be used to promote specific genetic modifications. Likewise, transgenics can also be used to manipulate specific genes. In this sense, this work aims to characterize rice blast and elucidate available biotechnological alternatives to accelerate the development of improved rice cultivars resistant to rice blast.


Background: A recent randomized clinical trial raised a concern about the safety of rivastigmine, one of the drugs used to treat dementia. We examined the comparative cardiovascular safety of dementia medications in a sample of Medicare patients. Methods: We identified a cohort of new-users of dementia medications (donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, or memantine) aged 65 years or more in the national 5% Medicare sample (July 1, 2006 to December 31, 2007). We assessed the association between use of dementia drugs and subsequent myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), or atrioventricular (AV) block/syncope hospitalizations Patients were censored at death or at the end of the study period; Cox proportional hazard model was used to compare cardiovascular events among users of the individual dementia medications on an intention-to-treat approach. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis using a time-varying exposure approach. Results: Overall, 19,844 initiators of dementia drugs were identified; donepezil (n= 13,179), galantamine (n=709), rivastigmine (n=1,030), memantine (n=3578), or a combination of these (n= 1348). Median age was 82 years (interquartile range [IQR] 77-87); most patients were women (74%) and Caucasian (80%). During a median follow-up of 230 days (IQR: 112-355), 741 CV composite events were identified. The initiation of rivastigmine was not associated with increased CV risk relative to initiating donepezil (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62-1.27). Similarly, initiation of galantamine (HR 0.70, CI: 0.45-1.09), memantine (HR 0.84, CI: 0.69-1.02), or a combination (HR 1.19; CI: 0.91-1.55) was not associated with increased CV events relative to donepezil. The results were similar among subgroups of patients with HF or MI and in the sensitivity analysis modeling time-varying exposure. Conclusions: In a large cohort of Medicare beneficiaries, we observed no increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients who initiated rivastigmine. All currently marketed dementia drugs had a similar cardiovascular safety within one year of their initiation. Further long-term monitoring of these agents is indicated.Funding(This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, National Center)


Neuroradiology is a relatively young subspecialty of radiology. The growth of this subspecialty as well as the growth of the broader domain of radiology is due in part to the great technical achievements being made in our time. Another part of our body of knowledge, however, comes out of reassessment of material that has been with us for a relatively long period of time. Thus neglected aspects of radiologic anatomy take on a new meaning when our attention is drawn to the anatomy in question, and finally pathologic anatomy is recognized radiographically where it was passed over previously. It is the purpose of this report to draw the attention of radiologists to the anterior and posterior spinal arteries. In a series of several hundred vertebral angiographies, the anterior spinal artery has been identified by us in the lateral view in 50 % of cases, and in a much smaller proportion of cases we could identify the posterior spinal plexus. In a recent series ofvertebral angiographies performed via the brachial route reported by THOMAS et coll., the anterior spinal artery could be identified in 2 % of cases and KRAYENBUHL & YASARGIL (1957) identified these vessels positively in only three cases from their large senes. Because of the constant location of the anterior spinal artery in the anterior


A mobile communication terminal having a dual display unit and a photographing method using the same are provided to capture two still images of the same or different subjects simultaneously or with delay by using a dual camera and obtain a new still image by synthesizing the captured still images, thereby easily and variously displaying the images captured from the dual camera by using the dual display units. A photographing method using a dual camera comprises the following steps of: providing a preview function to the first and second display units installed in a terminal with respect to the first and second external images each received in real time through the first and second cameras installed in the terminal(S100); respectively capturing the first and second still images through the first and second camera according to at least one or more still image photographing signals received from the outside(S110); and displaying the captured first and second still images on at least one or more of the first and second display units(S120).


We predict the branching ratios and $\mathrm{CP}$ asymmetries of the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}\mathrm{KK}$ decays using the perturbative QCD factorization theorem, in which tree, penguin, and annihilation contributions, including both factorizable and nonfactorizable ones, are expressed as convolutions of hard six-quark amplitudes with universal meson wave functions. The unitarity angle ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{3}=90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ and the B and K meson wave functions extracted from experimental data of the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}K\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ decays are employed. Since the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}\mathrm{KK}$ decays are sensitive to final-state interaction effects, the comparision of our predictions with future data can test the neglect of these effects in the above formalism. The $\mathrm{CP}$ asymmetry in the ${B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{K}^{0}$ modes and the ${B}_{d}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{K}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}$ branching ratios depend on annihilation and nonfactorizable amplitudes. The $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}\mathrm{KK}$ data can also verify the evaluation of these contributions.


Optical fluorescence microscopy provides molecular specificity and high contrast, which are powerful aspects in biomedical researches. Moreover, super-resolution microscopy techniques have broken through the diffraction-limited resolution, which had hindered optical microscopy. Among various techniques, stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy quasi-instantaneously reduces the size of the effective focal spot by suppressing the peripheral fluorescence of the excited spot with an additional depletion laser, while also providing optical sectioning. With these advantages, the usage of STED microscopy is increasing in the various field of research. Nevertheless, STED microscopy has been continuously improved to answer more biological questions. This review summarises the recent advancements and new techniques implemented for STED microscopy, including microscopy architectures, multicolour ability, deep-tissue imaging, aberration correction, three-dimensional super-resolution, fast measurement, photostability, and multimodality. It is expected that STED microscopy will further evolve and become an more widely useful tool for life sciences.


In ch. 2 of In a Better World, E. Baccarini claims that certain genetic interventions (additive enhancements and treatments) are permissible, whereas suppressive enhancements are impermissible. He connects these claims to an ideal of fair equality of opportunity, understood as a public reason. In this note, I make two points. First, an ideal of fair equality of opportunity in a post-genomic society commits us to the view that certain genetic interventions are prima facie required, not simply permissible. Second, a nondiscriminatory or affirmational view of disability makes some suppressive enhancements permissible, at least if reproductive freedom is assumed.


The publication of the findings of the second Swiss National Forest Inventory triggered wide fundamental debate on the issue of large-diameter wood in Switzerland. On the initiative of the then Swiss Forest Agency at the Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape, a «large-diameter wood» workshop was held in Lyss in December 1999. The issue was overshadowed by the occurrence of hurricane Lothar, which swept across northern Europe at the end of December 1999. Nevertheless, in recent years various actors have been actively engaged in this area. Following a short presentation of the key aspects of the forestry and timber sector in Switzerland, which are of significance to this issue, this paper provides a detailed account of the «large-diameter wood» workshop in Lyss. This is followed by an exploration of some elements of the package of measures formulated at the time – with particular emphasis on the projects supported by the federal authorities – and an outline of the current status of their i...


Gondar, Ethiopia, expanded dramatically in the late 1930s as a colonial administrative center for Italian East Africa. David Rifkind shows how urban design and architecture functioned in Gondar between 1936 and 1941 as key tools of Italian colonial policy. Italian urbanism throughout the fascist era illustrates the disquieting compatibility of progressive planning and authoritarian politics, and in Gondar modern urban design was used to define imperial identity for both Italian settlers and African colonial subjects. Gondar: Architecture and Urbanism for Italy9s Fascist Empire documents the striking sensitivity to topography and historical preservation that Italian designers brought to their colonial mission as well as the skill with which they adapted to the material and political challenges of working in Italy9s overseas dominions.


INTRODUCTION 21st century learning demands a change from conventional teacher-centered into studentcentered. In this case, teacher has a very important role to change learning patterns. In this case, learning is an effort made by teachers deliberately to convey knowledge, organize and create a learning environment with the help of various methods, so that students can carry out learning activities effectively and efficiently to get maximum results (Uzuntiryaki 2010). . According to the Curriculum of 2013, learning activity must be student-centered. However, the implementation of the Curriculum of 2013 has not been fully implemented according to its objectives. Many teachers in schools apply the lecturing method with question and answer sessions. The lecture method keeps students from being passive in learning. In addition, the lecturing method makes students less understanding in the learning process. Based on the results of observations and interviews at State Senior High School of 1 East Rote, East Nusa Tenggara in the odd semester of 2019/2020 academic year, the learning process is still ineffective because students do not understand the teacher's explanation. As a result, students tend to be passive and have low learning outcomes. In the learning process ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to determine the cognitive and effective learning outcomes of chemistry students using a scientifically based guided inquiry learning model. This study employed a quantitative methodology.. The population in this study consisted of 58 students from class XI at State Senior High School 1 Rote Timur, NTT For the 2019/2020 academic yea. Cluster random sampling was used to select the sample, which included two experimental and control classes. Tests, questionnaires, and observation sheets were used to collect data. The independent test samples t-test was used to analyze student learning outcomes. The finding showed that learning outcomes using the ScientificBased Guided Inquiry Model and the direct method differs significantly from average high school learning outcomes. The results of the two aspects of learning outcomes, namely aspects of knowledge, and attitudes show a value of p <0.05 so that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus, there are differences in student learning outcomes given the learning method using guided inquiry with students using conventional learning. However, from the results of data analysis, it was obtained that the p-value for the knowledge aspect was 0.000, the pvalue for the attitude aspect was 0.038.


Background:  There is a link between conjunctiva and nose. Nasal allergy is suspected to be involved in some cases of conjunctivitis. This work aims to investigate the possible role of nasal allergy in seasonal (SAC) and perennial (PAC) allergic conjunctivitis and the value of nasal challenges with allergens (nasal provocation tests [NPTs]) for the diagnostic procedures of the conjunctivitis.


Traditionally, imitation learning has focused on using isolated demonstrations of a particular skill [3]. The demonstration is usually provided in the form of kinesthetic teaching, which requires the user to spend sufficient time to provide the right training data. This constrained setup for imitation learning is difficult to scale to real world scenarios, where robots have to be able to execute a combination of different skills. To learn these skills, the robots would require a large number of robot-tailored demonstrations, since at least one isolated demonstration has to be provided for every individual skill. In order to improve the scalability of imitation learning, we propose a framework that can learn to imitate skills from a set of unstructured and unlabeled demonstrations of various tasks. As a motivating example, consider a highly unstructured data source, e.g. a video of a person cooking a meal. A complex activity, such as cooking, involves a set of simpler skills such as grasping, reaching, cutting, pouring, etc. In order to learn from such data, three components are required: i) the ability to map the image stream to state-action pairs that can be executed by a robot, ii) the ability to segment the data into simple skills, and iii) the ability to imitate each of the segmented skills. In this work, we tackle the latter two components, leaving the first one for future work. In this paper, we present a novel imitation learning method that learns a multi-modal stochastic policy, which is able to imitate a number of automatically segmented tasks using a set of unstructured and unlabeled demonstrations. Our results indicate that the presented technique can separate the demonstrations into sensible individual skills and imitate these skills using a learned multi-modal policy.


The extended semantic realism (ESR) model embodies the mathematical formalism of standard (Hilbert space) quantum mechanics (QM) in a noncontextual framework, reinterpreting quantum probabilities as conditional instead of absolute. We provide here a Hilbert space representation of the discrete generalized observables introduced by the ESR model that satisfy a simple physical condition, propose a generalization of the projection postulate and suggest a possible mathematical description of an ideal measurement process in terms of evolution of the compound system made up of the measured system and the measuring apparatus.


It is difficult to realistically simulate the complex terrain of the real world for the traditional three-dimensional terrain visualization based on Face model. In this paper,on fully understanding the basic concepts of the voxel and its features,some common voxel models were analyzed. It focused on the the research and application of voxels on the multi-resolution three-dimensional terrain visualization. The result could provide a reference for establishing the virtual geographic environment based on"volume model".


This project compares state-of-the-art Free Software Optical Character Recognition (OCR) programs. Particularly, their results over old books pages were evaluated. Moreover, in order to optimize the recognition for this kind of data input, methods that are not implemented in the programs were proposed and their results were analyzed as well.


The invention relates to a lighting device for outline drawing of motor vehicles with the tailgate open to increase their visibility at dusk and in the dark. It is contemplated that a light emitting device for contour drawing of motor vehicles (10) with an opened tailgate (12) is provided, wherein at least one belonging to the vehicle lamp (18, 20, 26) and the at least one light-addressing control unit (16) are present , The at least one lamp (18, 20, 26) by opening the tailgate (12) by means of said control unit (16) automatically turns on whereby the overall visibility of the external contours of the motor vehicle is increased. The invention is characterized in that through at least one reflector element (22, 24) the radiation of the at least one lamp (18, 20, 26) is influenced such that characterized in particular the visibility of the edges in the rear region of the motor vehicle (10) on all sides increases ,


In mouse and human neurons, axonally secreted amyloid precursor protein (APP) fragments are processed in the cell body before being sorted into the axon in a process that requires endocytosis for the processing, but not axonal delivery, of APP.


A thermobalance for analysis of plutonium samples is described. Thermogravimetry curves for plutonium metal and its nitrate, sulfate, and oxalate were determined in air at temperatures between 20 deg and 1250 deg C, and the oxides produced were examined microscopically and by x-ray powder diffraction. No conclusive evidence of formation of suboxides of plutonium was observed. The final dioxides from all samples except the nitrate contained excess oxygen after 4 hours at 1250 deg C, indicating that a higher tem perature is required to form the stoichiometric dioxide by ignition of these materials in air. The ignition products of the nitrate were slightly deficient in oxygen, having an O/ Pu atom ratio of 1.989. The crystal structure of all of the products was face-centered isometric, fluorite type, with alpha /sub 0/ = 5.395 plus or minus 0.001 A. Only the sulfate formed a stable intermediate, anhydrous plutonium sulfate, which might be used in the gravimetric determination of plutonium. (auth)


ABSTRACT Louping ill virus (LIV) is a zoonotic virus causing fatal encephalitis in young sheep and grouse. We have recovered the complete genome sequence from a spinal cord sample prepared from a lamb that was naturally infected with LIV. This is only the second LIV genome sequence reported and the first prepared from a clinical sample.


Part 1 Gearing up: staying warm and dry setting up a fish house finding fish electronically cutting the ice customizing your gear. Part 2 Catching the fish: walleye northern pike panfish jumbo perch trout hardwater exotics. Part 3 Having fun on hardwater: fishing competitions mansions on ice cooking the cat.


By using perturbation theory, we show that a hydrogen atom with magnetic moment due to the orbital angular momentum of the electron has "hidden momentum" in the presence of an external electric field. This means that the atomic electronic cloud has a nonzero linear momentum in its center-of-mass rest frame due to a relativistic effect. This is completely analogous to the hidden momentum that a classical current loop has in the presence of an external electric field. We discuss that this effect is essential for the validity of the Lorentz force law in quantum systems. We also connect our results to the long-standing Abraham-Minkowski debate about the momentum of light in material media.


Objective: Organizational set up of a hospital is broadly responsible to the transfer of services, their usefulness, and structural performance in patient outcomes. In current research, we study the relationship between hospital characteristics and several dimensions of patient satisfaction. Methods: Cross sectional data of 1680 patients admitted in 14 public and private hospitals located in Lahore, Pakistan was collected through a self-administered questionnaire during March, 2015 to August, 2015. Pearson and Spearman correlation techniques were used in SPSS 21 to find the desired relationships. Results: Patients were significantly (p<0.05) less satisfied in old aged hospitals as compared to the hospitals recently start operating. High income patients were less satisfied with the hospital than the low income patients. In addition, patients with long duration of stay at hospital were more satisfied than the short stay. Conclusion: Patient satisfaction is a key component in choosing a hospital for receiving services and also for recommending it to others. It indicates the service quality as well as its delivery. A common tool to improve the quality of care in hospital is to conduct a patients' satisfaction survey to explore the factors and areas affecting the satisfaction level and also to find out the reasons for dissatisfaction. Original Research Article Sherwani et al.; JPRI, 33(20B): 64-69, 2021; Article no.JPRI.67013 65


As for other food-born contaminants, the gastro-intestinal tract represents the first barrier against deoxynivalenol (DON). This mycotoxin frequently co-occurs with other type B trichothecenes (TCTs B) namely 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), nivalenol (NIV) and fusarenon-X (FX). At the cellular level, DON binding to ribosomal RNA results in the inhibition of protein synthesis and triggers the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway that have been linked to immune response mechanisms. Thus, intestinal epithelial cell renewing is considered a putative target in DON toxicity. Moreover, based on the ability of DON to disturb the state of homeostasis of the inflammatory response in the intestine mimicking what is found in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), it is proposed that this mycotoxin may play a role in such diseases. However, very few is known about the intestinal toxicity of the other co-occuring TCT B, and their combined effects eventually. By means of in vitro human and porcine intestinal epithelial cells models and an ex vivo porcine jejunal explants model, we assessed the individual toxicity of five TCT B (DON, 3- and 15-ADON, NIV and FX) toward the intestine and we analyzed their combined toxicity in terms of additivity, synergy or antagonism. The tested TCT B significantly impaired the intestinal epithelial cell growth in the micromolar range, in increasing order of potency 3-ADON, DON, 15-ADON, NIV and FX. The toxicity of low doses of TCT B was synergistic. For mycotoxin concentrations corresponding to exposure levels reported for French and European consumers, the amplitude of this synergy ranged between 3 and 10. Benchmark dose analyses of the transcriptional data also showed that the exposure of the intestine to mycotoxin concentrations as low as 0.04µM for FX, 0.1µM for DON and 0.1µM for NIV could be associated to a significant activation of the inflammatory response mechanisms. Taken together, these results suggest that epithelial cell renewing and pro-inflammatory effects at the intestinal level may be consider very sensitive biomarkers for the assessment of the individual toxicity and interactions between the co-occurring TCTs B.


A Geographic Information System is an information system optimized to operate on geographically referenced data. A Computer Aided Drafting software package duplicates the tasks involved with drafting on a computer system, often combining frequently performed routines to increase productivity. The integration of GIS and CAD brings together the underlying tools of both technologies resulting in a new environment that will empower the software developer of CAD systems to create the next generation of applications for the ultimate end user. With the abundance of CAD based applications developed for the engineering community, it is the engineer that will be first to reap the benefits of an integrated GIS and CAD system.


We prove that if $\vec{R}$ is a computable sequence of subsets of $\omega$ which admits no computable cohesive set, then no 3-generic computes any $\vec{R}$-cohesive set; and there exists a Martin-L\"{o}f random which computes no $\vec{R}$-cohesive set.


By analyzing the cDNA sequences of carboxyltransferase alpha subunits(α-CTs) from Arabidopsis thaliana and Glycine max,and combination RT-PCR, 3′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (3′-RACE) and Genome walking techniques, the full length cDNA of plastid α-CT from embryos of Brassica napus between 20 and 29 days after flowering was cloned. Homologous analysis showed that the amino acid sequence deduced from it shares 85% and 59% homology with those of α-CT in Arabidopsis thaliana and Glycine max, respectively. The sequence encoding mature peptide that was absent from chloroplast transit peptide has been inserted into expression vector pHBM625 and expressed successfully in Escherichia coli by Western blotting analysis.


dataset supports grant jacob james a et al 2018 real time particle pollution sensing using machine learning optics expressassigned doi is https doi org 10 5258 soton d0436


Structural health monitoring (SHM) based on guided waves (GW) shows great sensitivity to the appearance of damage allowing to assess the structural integrity. However, due to the complexities of GW propagation in composite components and its sensitivity to the measurement instrumentation and technique, a useful implementation of a GW-based monitoring system requires an accurate analysis of the reconstruction methodology and of the collected data as well. This paper deals with the experimental characterization a previously proposed SHM system for the identification of small emerging delaminations in composites using a sparse array of surface ultrasonic transducers. The ultrasonic-GW tomographic technique is presented and experimental tests carried out on a typical composite structure demonstrates the effectiveness of the damage reconstruction and localization. A metrological investigation is then carried out to highlight potential criticalities in the proposed methodology as a preliminary step towards reduction of the measurement uncertainty. Such characterization is based upon statistical analysis of repeated measurements to analyze repeatability of the methodology with the aim to improve the system's decision-making procedure.


Prior research is unclear on the role of case merits in resolution of legal audit disputes. Using the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) as a lens, we examine their role based on interviews of 42 audit litigation attorneys and trial consultants. Our results indicate that the role of case merits systematically differs between the two sides of audit litigation. Auditors' (plaintiffs') litigators believe they can achieve favorable outcomes by increasing the role of merit-relevant (merit-irrelevant) information in juror resolutions using trial venues, jurors, arguments, and argument delivery tactics. Litigators emphasize that this difference arises from the unique features of audit litigation. Our results validate a framework we developed based on ELM. The framework outlines how litigators believe they could increase the likelihood that jurors will use merit-relevant (merit-irrelevant) information in case resolutions. We discuss implications and suggest multiple venues for future research.


Public transport systems and the competitiveness of the European rail industry requires innovative solutions, which can enhance comfort and performance as well as reduce system costs. In competition with other transport systems environmental friendly trains and track systems with high interoperative capabilities are more and more important. Within the project High Efficiency Motor Bogie for modern Trains (HEMBOT), a new light-weight motor bogie has been developed by component producers, research institutes and end-users introducing modern development technologies and lightweight materials in a simultaneous approach. The capabilities and potential of this development were demonstrated by extensive testing of a prototype mounted on a locomotive.


By applying the concept of Lukasiewicz fuzzy set to BE-algebras, the notions of Lukasiewicz fuzzy BE-algebra and Lukasiewicz fuzzy BE-filter are introduced, and their properties are investigated. Characterizations of Lukasiewicz fuzzy BE-algebra and Lukasiewicz fuzzy BE-filter are discussed, and the relationship between fuzzy BE-algebra (resp., fuzzy BE-filter) and Lukasiewicz fuzzy BE-algebra (resp., Lukasiewicz fuzzy BE-filter) is established. The conditions for the ∈-set, q-set and O-set of Lukasiewicz fuzzy set to be BE-subalgebras are explored. Lukasiewicz fuzzy BE-filter is created by using BE-filter.


A great deal of disinformation has been proffered concerning the prospects for the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The elephant in the room is the USA. The USA is the last but most important hold-out. Without a US adoption of IFRS, IFRS will be relegated to a second-rate set of standards, used by countries that cannot afford (or meet) the 'gold standard' set by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the US Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). We will show that in the USA, IFRS is dead-in-the-water. Yet many commentators, officials and observers are in denial. Their motivations range from simple ignorance to downright malfeasance.


SUMMARY In field experiments at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture in Nigeria, two cow-pea cultivars, TVU-1209 and FARV-13 and a composite maize cultivar were intercropped at plant densities of 10000, 20000, 30000 and 40000 plants/ha in a split-plot design. There were four replications of each density. Results showed that increasing cow-pea plant density increased the number of days to flowering but decreased the numbers of branches and of leaves per plant in both monoculture and mixture. Different varietal responses to plant density were observed for other growth measurements. While TVU-1209 yielded the highest dry matter at 20000 plants/ha in monoculture and mixture, FARV-13 did so at 40000 plants/ha in monoculture and at 20000 in mixture. Some yield components decreased while others were unaffected by increasing plant density. Similar response pattern was observed for maize. Both leaf area index and light interception were greater in FARV-13 than in TVU-1209.


The distribution of labelled assimilates following the assimilation of 14CO2 in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) by single leaves at different nodes was investigated using autoradiographic technique. In the vegetative stage growing leaves assimilated most of the 14carbon, while the fully expanded leaves exported most of its radiocarbon to the apices, young expanding leaves and to the roots. Soon after the formation of the pegs and the growth and development of the pods, the developing pods become the major sinks. At this stage translocation from the foliage of each branch was restricted mostly to the pods produced by this branch.


Economic globalisation and the way multinational enterprise groups (MNE groups) organise themselves have led to increasingly complex organisations. This is why during the last decade Eurostat and the European National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) have worked closely together to implement a relevant and consistent cross-border view of MNE groups. In particular, they have committed to looking beyond the purely legal definition of the legal unit, capturing instead the 'enterprise' in the economic meaning. This method is called "Profiling" and it involves the direct dialogue with the MNEs' representatives. Through collaborative work, Eurostat and European NSIs have created a database on MNE groups located in Europe and their enterprises delineated by European Profiling. In this paper we present: 1) short background information on this collaborative work; 2) first quantitative results from this database and first findings on MNE groups; 3) a first analysis on electricity-producing groups, as an example of the use of European Profiling to better measure the MNE groups' activities.


Power consumption in data centers is significant across the globe. The use of cloud-based services, e.g., infrastructure as a service and software as a service (such as Google Docs, Microsoft Office 365, Salesforce.com), is becoming a standard practice in modern IT frameworks. This paradigm shift in the IT industry indicates that the demand for data-center-based services will continue to increase in the future, with concomitant increases in power consumption. In such a scenario, optimizing the IT resources to improve energy efficiency is a necessity. The first step of such an optimization at the application level is knowing how much energy an application is consuming. One of the main challenges in this domain is developing a software-based energy metering tool that can measure an OS processes' energy consumption. Many existing solutions depend on an external watt-meter or other hardware-based enhancements, these are not practical for real-world use in data centers. To overcome the limitations of existing solutions, we have developed an OS process-level power metering tool that can accurately estimate the energy usage of each OS process running on a Linux server without an online watt-meter. Based on a set of experiments, we demonstrated that our method and implementation provides energy consumption estimation for complex e-business applications with above 95% accuracy.


During the past two decades, pedigree analysis has documented inbreeding depression in many captive populations. This and subsequent research has led to a recognition that inbreeding depression is a potentially important determinate of small population fitness, in both captivity and the wild. Modern captive‐breeding programmes now universally avoid inbreeding. We use simulation to investigate how much traditional pedigree analysis will reveal about the effect of inbreeding in such populations. We find that pedigrees typical of breeding programmes designed to avoid inbreeding have low statistical power to detect inbreeding depression.


In this work, we propose a straightforward method to derive Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) key pairs from embeddings created using Deep Learning and Metric Learning approaches. We also show that these keys allows the derivation of cryptocurrencies (such as Bitcoin) addresses that can be used to transfer and receive funds, allowing novel Blockchain-based applications that can be used to transfer funds or data directly to domains such as image, text, sound or any other domain where Deep Learning can extract high-quality embeddings; providing thus a novel integration between the properties of the Blockchain-based technologies such as trust minimization and decentralization together with the high-quality learned representations from Deep Learning techniques.


The authors investigated how climate extreme events altered GPP, Reco and NEE across global FLUXNET data sites. The key findings include that heatwave, drought, and heatwave*drought control GPP, Reco, and NEE differently, and the duration of the extreme events also control CO2 flux behaviors. Those findings have great relevance in global carbon cycle community, and will be useful for developing LSMs to better reflect climate extremes and C cycles. I have a few comments.


Local development is an integral part of the progress of a country. It directly affects the improvement of their citizens' life. The role of the local government is to provide better services and more effective governing by bringing the government closer to its citizens and providing a better understanding of their needs. Good governance is about efficiency, democracy, and accountability, that is principles of the foundation of an independent and competent local government. The following paper takes a closer look at the multilevel government of the European Union, focusing on the importance and role of the local government. This paper points out all the aspects of cooperation between the smallest units of government of each member state and the European Union, to show the ways in which it affects and improves governance at these two levels. This paper explains the mutual role of these two levels of government (multi-level governance) and analyzes the principle of subsidiarity, the political and institutional aspects of how this cooperation was created, and what effects it brings.


Recently, writer identification has been studied and it has a wide variety of applications, more specifically in biometric and forensic science. This paper presents the use of texture features in identifying the writer from the handwritten document image. The texture features are extracted based on the co-occurrence histograms of wavelet decomposed images, which capture the information about relationships between each high frequency subband and that in low frequency subband of the transformed image at the corresponding level. The correlation between the subbands at the same resolution exhibits a strong relationship, indicating that this information is significant for characterizing a texture. This scheme is tested on two scripts namely, Kannada and English. The experiments are performed by considering 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 writers at a time. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the texture features in identifying the writer.


Despite some evidence that the father's role is particularly crucial for the child's academic experiences and performance, only a few studies have examined influences of father involvement and the child's attachment security on the child's self-beliefs, sense of school belongingness and academic achievement, and the focus has been mostly on Western cultures. The present study investigated these links in Turkish university students, also looking at the potential relationship between father-child attachment security and academic self-efficacy and achievement. Students (N=192) completed a narrative-based method for assessing attachment scripts and an online questionnaire for the assessment of academic belongingness, self-efficacy and achievement. Results showed that father involvement during childhood was associated with self-esteem and sense of school belongingness in university years. However, father involvement in childhood was not related to attachment, and thus, attachment security did not mediate the relationship between father involvement in childhood and academic success in university. The self-report method for measuring academic self-efficacy and success may be a considerable limitation in the study. Nonetheless, findings highlight the importance of fathering behaviours during childhood for academic experiences and achievement also in early adulthood and extend the literature by contributing non-Western data. (Less)


Significant structural trimming of neuronal structures in the cerebral cortex has long been considered as a primary cause of various age-related cortical dysfunctions. While recent findings provided additional data to support this notion, current understanding of cortical neuronal functions in aging also revealed the relationship of neuronal plasticity and imbalances between different neurotransmitter systems with the formation of age-related cortical dysfunctions. Manipulating these age-related alterations in neuronal function may be a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of cortical dysfunctions in aging. This review will focus our current understanding of age-related changes in neuronal structures and functions in the cerebral cortex. Implication of these age-related alterations will be discussed. The importance of the cerebral cortex in various motor and cognitive functions have drawn scientists' attention to the study of its age-related modifications in the last few decades. Although substantial structural and neurochemical changes in the aged cerebral cortex have been frequently reported, these changes displayed both temporal and regional specificity with age. In the following sections, critical findings regarding modifications in the aged cerebral cortex will be reviewed.


BY rigidity of the rules and conventions of a small group has been found to be particularly suited to the lad's attaiinH. T. P. YOUNG, M.B., CH.B. ments his subsequent adjustment to the community at MIEDICAL OFFICER, H.M. PRISON, WORMWOOD SCRUS large may be one of considerable difficulty. It is probable that, among youths of this type, gang delinquency, In a recent publication' Professor McDougall has described where a common risk is shared, provides an objective, and character as " that part of the personality which is the reduction in the feeling of personal responsibility specially concerned in action, which manifests itself most which acconpanies adherence to a group supplies an inclearly in the higher forms of volition, and which is centive and helps to unite its members. The racing gang, gradually developed in and through social intercourse." which was much in evidence a few years ago, is an Character, in this special sense, together with intelligence, example of anti-social grouping of this kind, and in contemperament, disposition, and temper, constitutes the victs serving terms of penal servitude, where the environpersonality, in the opinion of this authority, and he is at mental factor is more prominent, a similar uniformity of pains to differentiate character from that which is repreemotion is attained. sented by the " sum total of those features, properties, or qualities of an individual organism (or of a species or HEREDITY, ENVIRONMIENT, AND THE DELINQUENT other natural group) which are peculiar to it and serve to The relative importance of environment and hereditv distinguish it from other individuals, species, or groups." in the causation of crime has recently been tested by The first of these quotations forms the basis of the Professor Lange2 in mono-zygotic and di-zygotic twins present study. the former, in the proportion of ten to three, were found The great primary instincts, which may be regarded as to show a close resemblance in the nature of the offences forces causing prolonged states of psycho-physical tension, committed by each twin, while in the latter, in the proare the sources from which character, in common with portion of seventeen to two, the position was reversed. other mental qualities, draws the energy upon which its The limited effect of environment was also shown in a activity depends. Among these instinctive forces are further comparison between these dissimilar twins and certain broad trends disposing the individual towards other siblings. life within the community, and, in conjunction with the Whatever instinct is sufficiently dynamic to obtrude intelligence, determining the extent to which he is capable itself with abnormal force and frequency tends to provoke of adapting himself to it. Their object may be solely in the mind of its possessor, to a corresponding degree, of a protective nature, or, as seems more probable, they a feeling of antagonism to his surroundings, which is apt may initiate and sustain a process by which the boundto affect his attitude towards the community. On the aries of the self-regarding s;entiment are extended, and those other hand, where all instincts are relatively weak, the ideals of conduct are acquired which are inaccessible to the environment would appear confused and perplexing, not individual but are essential to the evolution of the race. infrequently leading the subject to take a fatalistic view of It .would appear, therefore, that in carrying out their his position. functions, these trends act as a counterbalance to promptThe foregoing suggestions, even when full allowance is ings of an asocial kind, which thus meet with obstructive made for the selective action of the individual on his influences both at instinctive levels and at higher ones. environment, do not afford an adequate explanation of In these higher planes there is found a tendency to invent the increase in adolescent crime which occurs during apparently logical reasons for the influences of instinct, periods of economic difficulty. It is upon the feeling of unand to attribute the ensuing impulse to those reasons, certainty and apprehoensiveness concerning the future, ariswithout always recognizing the fact that they are not the ing from the persistency of large-scale social problems such original motives. Conscious awareness of this process is, as those of industrialism, that responsibility for this to some extent, inversely related to the strength of the appears to rest, for the necessity for social equilibrium and emotional tone with which the fundamental urge was incontinuity of purpose is at no time more urgent than in vested. In the case of motives of the herd type this the unstable period of adolescence. Adjustment, in the mechanism appears to have been largely responsible for absence of certain standards by which to effect it, is thus the development of codes of conduct which are acceptable rendered more difficult, and maladjustment, in these cirto the community, and by means of which man satisfies stances, is conducive of crime, if it may not be said to be himself that his attraction towards membership of the ynonymous with it. herd is the outcome of his reasoning and is subject to his The effect of an adverse environment can only be volition. The prevalence of such codes, notwithstanding m i g t ; , , ~~~~~~~~~~measured in general terms, but with the object of ascerthe wide dissimilarity to be found among them, suggests t t l e w . . . . . , ~ ~~~~~~~ tainin the local environmental influences which are detrithat their final cause is deep-seated, and that they are not merely conditions imposed on the individual in exchange histsusceptiilityltocthe, a lre numer offect for the privilege of living within the community to suit his susceptibility to them, a 'large number of young the repuirements of the momenth offenders have been systematically examined. One Ther rements of ter wel-d m ent. thousand of the records of these cases have been taken to he presence Of a fairly ell efined age-level at which f mabcgun frth.sjettpeetudr the child's egocentric point of view is replaced by one form a background for the subject at present under . X . ,. . ~~~~~~~review. IDcluded in this number are thirty group s or in which social considerations predominate, and the , I i t advance from principles of a purely utilitarian nature to gangs, in which three or more lads were concerned tothoebae o ticlan oalsncin, nctp gether, totalling one hundred cases. In every case the


Sir, About the later end of April 1669, being at Westchester with my Lord Bishop of that Diocess, in the company of Fr. Willugbby Esq; I had the good fortune to meet with a young Porpess a convenient size for Dissection, brought thither by some Fishermen.who caught him upon the Sands, where the Tide had left him; in the Anatomy whereof I observed some things omitted by Rondeletius in his Description of the Dolphin.


During each ovarian cycle, numerous follicles are in competition for their survival; only a few of them ovulate and participate to the reproduction as fertilizable oocyte. Therefore, the development of ovarian follicles participates in the survival of mammals species, and a better understanding of this selection process is required to improve the treatment of infertility or the reproduction potential in domestic species. In this work, we introduce the system of nonlinear PDEs modeling the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles. Then we study the dynamics of this system of nonlinear PDEs using analysis and dynamical systems tools.


The critical fluctuations and pinning effects in the vortex state of twinned superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O single crystals are investigated. A second-order vortex-solid melting transition is manifested by the universal static and dynamic exponents \ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\approxeq}2/3 and z\ensuremath{\approxeq}3 and the universal vortex-transport functions, independent of the experimental techniques and the magnitude and orientation of the applied magnetic fields. The vortex-correlation length and the critical-relaxation rate are also determined.


The smuggled salt dealing was rampant increasingly in later Qing Dynasty and the Republican Period of Yunnan.Smuggled salt had intensively stricken on the official salt trade market and local financial revenue.Also,it had some active influence on society of that time.


One of the first in Russia, the Department of Ophthalmology at the Kazan Medical Institute, founded in 1867, produced a pleiad of remarkable scientists whose works were devoted to the most topical problems of ophthalmology. The works of Professors E. V. Adamyuk (1839-1906), A. G. Agababov (1863-1922), V. V. Chirkovsky (1875-1956), V. E. Adamyuk (1877-1950), A. N. Murzin (1885-1953) created Kazan school of ophthalmologists, which was always responsive to the needs of practical healthcare, was in the forefront of struggle with blindness and with the most frequent eye diseases. Thus, the name of the world famous founder of the chair E. V. Adamyuk is connected with the formation of the national ophthalmology. His doctoral thesis "About the intraocular pressure" was a significant event in the world literature. The main scientific direction of the research carried out at the Department of Ophthalmology since the first days of its establishment up to the present time was the study of the problem of glaucoma.


The deoxynivalenol content, presence of kernels infected by Fusarium spp. pathogens and the frequency of visually scabby kernels in wheat intended for human consumption were monitored in 2003–2005. About 1000 samples provided by growers from various regions of the Czech Republic were analysed each year. Immunochemical assay ELISA-based kits for the analysis of deoxynivalenol content were employed. In 2003, 2004 and 2005, deoxynivalenol was detected at the maximum levels of 5090 μg.kg −1 , 18300 μg.kg −1 and 4437 μg.kg −1 , respectively. Significant correlations were found between the deoxynivalenol content and percentage of kernels infected by Fusarium spp. pathogens, and percentage of visually scabby kernels. In all years under study, the relationship between the deoxynivalenol content and percentage of visually scabby kernels was closer than that between the deoxynivalenol content and percentage of kernels infected by Fusarium spp.


The majority of tunnels being used for JR group are pre-WWII time construction. Their time-worn structure is the problem of great concern. In addition to such structural defects, much deformation results from earth pressure acting on the structure. Furthermore, as the urban land utilization has been highly developed, there appear diversified factors to be considered in seeking an ideal way of tunnel maintenance. In the meantime, no review has been made yet on the technical standards applicable to the railway tunnel maintenance since their enforcement in 1974. This paper presents a manual compiled for the tunnel maontenance crew including newly developed technologies.


The authors would like to make the following corrections in relation to the published paper (Parker and Spennemann 2020) [...]


Mycoplasma hominis (Mh) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) were isolated in 1937 and 1954, respectively [1]. Researches proved the both organisms colonize the human genital tract and may been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, which may play a role in chorioamnionitis, salpingitis, bacterial vaginosis, and post-partum endometritis [2]. Sole presence of these microorganisms in the vaginal flora might be insufficient to cause pathological issues, but their combination with other factors such as bacterial vaginosis or cervical incompetence may be additionally needed to induce preterm birth [3]. Mh and Uu been confirmed relatively easy to culture [1]. However, to our knowledge, no studies have been proceeded to ascertain the optimum culture time for Mh and Uu in pregnant women, the present study was carried out to confirm the optimum culture time (from specimen collection to inoculation) for both organisms.


Experiments with the metastable superheated water atomization proved the significant increase of the submicron droplets mass fraction at the outlet of convergent-divergent nozzle from 0.45-0.55 to 0.75-0.9 with an increase of the inlet water temperature from170to255°C. Two different approaches to dimensionless treatment of the atomization processdata and determining the boundary of the zone of flashing predominance are compared. The analysis of two approaches to dimensionless treatment of experimental and calculating results concerning transition to predominating role of nucleation in the process of superheated liquid atomization in convergent-divergent nozzles is done.


The authors have developed an impervious soil liner for waste landfill using excavated materials and bentonite, gravel, fused slag, or soil stabilizer. This method is called the E. S. L.(Eco Soil Liner) method. This report first describes the relation between mix conditions and compactability, permeability, and the mixture's strength properties. Next, it describes the application of fused slag as a substitute for gravel as the soil liner aimed at achieving zero emission. The results of the investigation are as follows. (1) The compactability of the mixtures depends on the properties of the sand/bentonite mixture for mixture gravel ratios up to 40%. (2) The permeability of the mixture depends on the bentonite to sand ratio for mixture gravel ratios ranges up to 60%, and it can be reduced effectively at the rate of 10~15%.(3)φcu increases as gravel rate increases in providing that the bentonite/sand ratio is constant. (4) Soil liner using fused slag has about the same permeability and strength properties as that using gravel.


Wildfires are a major source of gas‐phase ammonia (NH3) to the atmosphere. Quantifying the evolution and fate of this NH3 is important to understanding the formation of secondary aerosol in smoke and its accompanying effects on radiative balance and nitrogen deposition. Here, we use data from the Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorption, and Nitrogen (WE‐CAN) to add new empirical constraints on the e‐folding loss timescale of NH3 and its relationship with particulate ammonium (pNH4) within wildfire smoke plumes in the western U.S. during summer 2018. We show that the e‐folding loss timescale of NH3 with respect to particle‐phase partitioning ranges from ∼24 to ∼4000 min (median of 55 min). Within these same plumes, oxidation of nitrogen oxides is observed concurrent with increases in the fraction of pNH4 in each plume sampled, suggesting that formation of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) is likely. We find wide variability in how close our in situ measurements of NH4NO3 are to those expected in a dry thermodynamic equilibrium, and find that NH4NO3 is most likely to form in fresh, dense smoke plumes injected at higher altitudes and colder temperatures. In chemically older smoke we observe correlations between both the fraction of pNH4 and the fraction of particulate nitrate (pNO3) in the aerosol with temperature, providing additional evidence of the presence of NH4NO3 and the influence of injection height on gas‐particle partitioning of NH3.


The process and the caculation of p-dichlorobenzene by Gas Chromatography and internal standard analysis method were introduced. The method was showed that convenience and reliability by the effect of determination.


Corporate Bond market is an elementary part of a modern capital market.It has become an urgent task to strengthen the system building up of China's corporate bond market.Key issues to consider in the process of bettering China's bond market include: how to improve and perfect the legal system of the corporate bond market;how to clearly position the corporate bond market,the defining and building up of an integrated supervision system and the interdependent growth between the corporate bond market and the stock market as well as the listed companies.


Feed forward inhibition is a recurrent organization in sensory systems.To explore the functional role of this synaptic architecture on the nociceptive integration in the dorsal horn network, we study the transfer of a nociceptive signal, using both NEURON modeling and hybrid method approach. Our result shows that the efficacy and the reliability of the sensory signal transfer are controlled by the inhibitory strength, the precise timing between excitatory and inhibitory input, as well as the post synaptic cellular intrinsic properties. These mechanisms might be involved in the physiopathology of chronic neuropathic pain.


Home Health Care Management & Practice / February 2008 / Volume 20, Number 2, 199-202 DOI: 10.1177/1084822307309064 © 2008 Sage Publications The adaptation needs of international nurses were highlighted in the recent series of conferences titled Creating a Positive Work Environment for Internationally Recruited Nurses, sponsored by the International Council of Nurses (ICN) and the Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nursing Schools (CGFNS) in London, San Francisco, and Chicago. In the coming years, ICN and CGFNS will take such conferences to other countries that are major destinations for international nurses, such as Canada and Australia.


The antimicrobial activities and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts of Aspilia africana were evaluated against five bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli . Ethanolic and hot aqueous extracts of leaves of the plant were collected were obtained by standard methods. The antimicrobial activity was assayed using a modified agar well diffusion method. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of Aspilia africana exerted antimicrobial effect on the test organisms at concentrations of 12.5mg/ml, 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 100mg/ml while the hot aqueous extract exerted no antibacterial activity.. The ethanolic extract of Aspilia africana showed the highest antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (31.5m) and lowest activity (17.5mm) against Streptococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli at 100mg/ml concentration. The Minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the ethanolic extracts was 12.5mg/ml for all the organisms. The antibacterial activity of the extract could be enhanced if the components are purified. This plant therefore holds a promise as a potential source of new drug for treating infections caused by these clinical pathogens.


I Ref. 1, Goodman and Breslin determined the effect of hydrostatic pressure on an extensible cable in a heavy liquid by an integration of the fluid pressure on the cable surface. A different and more direct approach to this problem has been presented for the case of an inextensible cable, but, as will be seen in the following, the extensibility of the cable is easy to include. Let us first consider a segment of the cable of length ds. The total buoyance of the segment with "open ends" equals wb = pgA0ds and acts in the vertical z direction (see Fig. 1). Because of the assumption of an incompressible material, there will be no strain due to this pure hydrostatic pressure. Now, in order to compensate for the lack of pressure at the ends of the segment, we have to introduce axial tension as shown in Fig. 1. This axial tension introduces strain in the segment such that the area changes from A0 to A0/(l +e). Combination of the two end forces and the buoyant force wb results in a net buoyant force dFn, which acts in the center of gravity of the segment in a direction normal to the centerline and with the mangitude


Alkylthiols are very reactive and highly volatile compounds, and thus it is difficult to determine these in the water phase. In the present work, an in situ derivatization step prior to solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has been developed for their determination in water samples. The dinitrobenzylation reaction was selected because the high chemical stability of the corresponding thioethers formed provides a significant increase in the distribution coefficient between the SPME fibre and the aqueous phase, and a potential increase in the selectivity and sensitivity. Therefore, different derivatization reaction conditions (i.e. pH, temperature, reaction time and derivatizating reagent concentration) have been studied. Then, the main parameters affecting to the SPME process, that is coating selection, extraction time profile, extraction and desorption temperatures, have been optimized. Finally, a method based on a simple 2,4-dinitrophenylation reaction at pH 8–10, in 60 min at 75°C, coupled to direct SPME using PDMS-DVB fibres at 30°C for 45 min is proposed. The performance of the method provided a good linearity and precision data, and the detection limits were in the low ng L−1 level.


Various storage methods are used to maintain viability of rust fungus spores for several years, including liquid nitrogen (Cunningham, 1973; Dahmen et al, 1983; Kilpatrick et al, 1971), lyophilization (Shain, 1979; Sharp and Smith, 1957), and vacuum drying (Flor, 1954, 1967; Green, 1981; Hughes and Macer, 1964; Sackston, 1960; Sharp and Smith, 1957; Stewart, 1956). Few studies have been made ofthe long-term storage of urediniospores using vacuum drying (or "non-freeze lyophilization" as it has been inaccurately termed). Stewart (1956) employed the technique first, using Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. avenae Erikss. & Henn., P. graminis Pers. f. sp. secalis Erikss. & Henn., and P. graminis f. sp. tritici urediniospores. Spores remained viable for 10 months stored at room temperature, and per cent viability was greatly increased by mixing spores with hemin prior to evacuating. Sharp and Smith (1957) found that urediniospores of P. coronata and P. graminis f. sp. avenae were viable after 5Vi yr with the vacuum-dry method. Urediniospores of different races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici and P. striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici remained viable for 3 ?2-6 yr when vacuumdried spores were stored at 1 C (Hughes and Macer, 1964). Urediniospores of P. helianthi remained viable and infective after 4V2 yr storage at -10 to -22 C (Sackston, 1960). Flor (1967) demonstrated that Melampsora lini (Ehrenb.) Lev. urediniospores stored by vacuum drying remained viable and highly infective over a span of nine years, while those stored merely in stoppered vials at -10 C exhibited less than 1% germination after 3% yr (Flor, 1954). Green (1981) stated that urediniospores of P. graminis f. sp. tritici are commonly preserved by vacuum drying in his laboratory, and they have remained viable for nearly 25 yr, although no experimental data were provided. The purpose of this study was to determine the viability and virulence of urediniospores of M. lini races that were collected, vacuum-desiccated and stored under refrigeration over a span of three decades by Dr. H. H. Flor.


Purpose – The purpose of this practice briefing paper is to provide an exploratory review of the sustainability agendas being addressed and publicly reported by the UK's leading data centre operators.Design/methodology/approach – The paper begins with a short discussion of the characteristics of sustainability and an outline of the origins and development of data centres within the UK. The paper draws its empirical material from the most recent information on sustainability posted on the UK's leading data centre operators' corporate web sites.Findings – The findings reveal that all the UK's leading data centre operators provide only limited information on their commitment to sustainability with the dominant focus being on its environmental dimension and with little attention being paid to social and economic issues. More critically the authors argue that these commitments are driven more by the search for efficiency gains, that they are couched within existing business models centred on continuing growth ...


Since 1967, when the U.S. Navy Navigation System was released to the general public, the accuracy of geodetic and geodynamic satellite Doppler positioning using satellite Doppler has improved steadily. This improvement is due mainly to refinements in hardware, refraction, and orbital modeling. Point positioning, using a minimum of 30 passes and the U.S. Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) precise ephemeris, has reached submeter accuracy. Relative positioning among several simultaneously observing stations separated by distances up to 250 km and using a minimum of 30 passes has a typical accuracy below 0.5 m (1σ). Current hardware design and errors in modeling of delays in the wet portion of the troposphere limit the achievable accuracy in relative positioning at the 0.1- to 0.5-m (1σ) level, unless errors in receiver phase and tropospheric refraction delays are continuously measured (calibrated). Also, a crystal oscillator of lower short-term stability (≥ 5 × 10−12/100 s) increases the Doppler data noise and causes a positive correlation persisting over several minutes. Geodetic and geodynamic Doppler data reductions usually involve meticulous modeling for instrumental, atmospheric, and orbital errors as well as careful Doppler data editing. A short-arc orbit computation employed in such satellite Doppler reductions requires a gravitational potential expanded to at least degree and order 10 if the orbit shape accuracy is to be comparable to DMA precise ephemeris. Satellite Doppler positioning has had a significant impact on geodetic datum definition and the establishment of national and continental networks of unprecedented accuracy. Satellite Doppler methods, apart from providing one of the most accurate continuous methods of polar motion monitoring, have also been found useful in other geodynamical and ice motion studies. This review concentrates mainly on system performance, models, and computational methods.


There is close relationship between inflation and economic development. In this article, the author will use the consumer price index(CPI) to measure inflation and empirical analyze the relationship between the inflation and economic growth of China. The results show that a long-term stable and balanced relationship exists between the inflation and economic growth, which is the inflation in the short term can contribute to economic growth, however, if inflation continues to spread and aggravation will bring adverse effects to economic growth. How to coordinate the relationship between inflation and economic growth require us to seek balance between inflation and economic growth. We need to prevent high inflation while maintain a reasonable economic growth.


The specific nature of municipal property makes it possible to use it as a tool for development of the municipal territory. Efficient municipal management should be aimed at coordinating goals and objectives of all management subjects related to municipal property objects. The efficient municipal property management system requires a new body coordinating activities of all participants in the existing management system. It is useful to apply the foreign experience of municipal property management and implement international and Russian quality management standards into the activities of local authorities.


This essay aims to discuss the relationship between democracy as a way of life and human rights. In this text we find an inventory of some of the main premises that explain the democratic creed of Dewey. We associate this inventory with our interpretation of the significant strength of Dewey's democracy to achieve a reflection on human rights. Under conditions of lives marked by coercion, human rights are no more than concessions. In the democratic way of life human rights are protected from the outset, for in this way of life people will continually undertake a moral effort not to allow themselves to be seduced by the power that subjects some men over others.


One of the successful methods in classification problems is feature selection. Feature selection algorithms; try to classify an instance with lower dimension, instead of huge number of required features, with higher and acceptable accuracy. In fact an instance may contain useless features which might result to misclassification. An appropriate feature selection methods tries to increase the effect of significant features while ignores insignificant subset of features. In this work feature selection is formulated as an optimization problem and a novel feature selection procedure in order to achieve to a better classification results is proposed. Experiments over a standard benchmark demonstrate that applying Bee Colony Optimization in the context of feature selection is a feasible approach and improves the classification results.


Micro finance programs are treated as a key strategy in addressing development issues across nations since the last three decades. This study attempts to explore on the much debated question of the role of microfinance as a financial intermediary for enhancing women empowerment A primary survey has been carried out to capture the realistic experiences and observation from the beneficiaries of Micro sate branch of Hyderabad, a unique initiative of Indian Bank for microfinance operations intended to improve the status of women. The empirical findings of the study suggests that microfinance   has a profound influence on the economic status, decision making power, knowledge and self worthiness of women participants of self help group linkage program in Hyderabad.  The microfinance related loan availement and its productive utilization found to be causing significant differences in women empowerment levels, measured through women empowerment index (WEI), of the loan availed participants as compared to the non- loan availed.  The study confirms that as an anti poverty tool, microfinance has its own limitations to reach the bottom of the poor. However, it is found effective in graduating the poor, not the poorest, and lower middle class to a higher standard of living. Though different studies at various places and points of time differ in their conclusion, the present study acknowledge that despite of bottlenecks, microfinance is capable of graduating struggling poor from their shackles and helps to upscale them to a better living and playing significantly positive role in upgrading women empowerment.