Principles of observations and design of onboard equipment for obtaining optical images of low-orbiting space objects during flight at crossed courses are considered. It is noted that photographing from the distance of about 50 km allows to obtain images of space objects with linear resolution of about 1 dm. Simulation model of observation process by satellites-photographers was developed for the modes of their passive and controlled movement. The statistics of observability by one and two satellitesphotographers of low-orbiting space objects are calculated: dynamics of growth of the number of observed objects from distances of 30 and 50 km during one-year observation cycle, and the difference in dynamics in the modes of passive and controlled movement. An algorithm of controlling the motion of satellite-photographer for increasing productivity of obtaining photographs is proposed and described. The simulation of this algorithm has shown that control of the movement of satellite-photographer with reserve of characteristic velocity of 100 m/s provides significant increase in the number of photographed low-orbiting space objects. At distances to the object not exceeding 50 km the effectiveness of observations due to control increases from 80 to 98%, and the proportion of rendezvous from distance of 30 km will be 93%.


In this paper,six outstanding junior tennis player of the Jiangsu's junior sports school were choosen to be the research object.And using the methods of research such as literature,video analysis and statistics to analysis their kinematic parameters when they are serving.Then we find some little fault about their throwingserve Technique.Details need to be adjusted and the serve technology need to be made more perfect.Besides,this research also provide some parameters to the coaches for training improve.


Atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) of III-V compounds is addressed, with particular focus on ALE by chloride source gases of group III elements and hybrids of group V elements. A self-limiting growth mechanism in ALE is the most significant advantage over other epitaxial methods. To realize this mechanism, selections of source gases and the reactor gases and the reactor design are described. The chemistry and growth kinetics of ALE, which also provide interesting information for understanding other vapor phase epitaxy (VPE) processes, are discussed, and a model of the self-limiting growth mechanism for chloride ALE is proposed. As a promising application of ALE, the growth of fine structures using sidewall epitaxy and selective area growth is demonstrated. Prospects for the future are briefly discussed. >


Activity Based Working (ABW) has emerged as a popular management trend among practitioners in the current business environment. In previous research however, aspects of organizational space and its influence on social behavior has been largely ignored, despite their intimate relationship. This study therefore aims to investigate how the concept of ABW is translated and acted upon in practice at a large Nordic bank, contributing to the body of empirical research on organizational space. As analytical tools we have used the theoretical fields of organizational space and the theory of translation. The study has the character of a qualitative, single case study carried out at a large Nordic Bank having implemented ABW. Data was collected through 20 interviews at two different departments as well as with members from the project group initiating the change. Observation and shadowing was also done as a complement to the interviews. The results showed that ABW has been translated in different ways at the office, depending on individual and group needs, and that it has had both intended and unintended consequences. A number of tensions in the form of four paradoxes connected to the use of ABW have also been identified. The study gives insight into how ABW is translated and acted upon in practice, thus providing valuable input to both the case organization as well as to organizations and the field in general.


The flow at critical condition of an open channel is unstable. At critical condition, a small change in specific energy will cause abrupt fluctuation in water depth of the channel. This is because the specific energy curve is almost vertical at critical state. Therefore, if the design depth of the channel is near or equal to critical depth of the channel, the shape of the channel must be altered to avoid a large fluctuation in water depth. In the present study, a nonlinear optimization model is presented for designing an optimal channel section incorporating the critical flow condition of the channel. The optimization model derives the optimal channel section at a desirable difference from the critical condition of the channel so that a small change in the specific energy of the channel will not cause an abrupt change in flow depth. The objective of the optimization model is to minimize the total construction costs of the channel. Manning's equation is used to specify the uniform flow condition in the cha...


This project involves the combination of software and hardware design techniques for the implementation of a voice recording system. The particular system will involve both the interface to record voice clips and to store them in MP3 format in an external storage (USB flash drive). Browsing through and playing existing voice clips will also be a feature of the designed system. In order, therefore, to organize the implementation of this project, we provide an analytic description of its functions and building blocks, as well as a set of milestones which will serve as a guideline for the design.


Many scholars call for systematic empirical research in technical writing. This article reviews the Westley-MacLean communication model and provides an example of the model within a technical communication context. The author suggests use of the Westley-MacLean model as a means to conceptualize the technical communication process, and illustrates how the model can be used as a technical writing paradigm.


The table below of the very best total return performance rankings for Collective Investment Schemes (CIS) in South Africa over the medium to long-term (3-10 years) indicates that ETFs, often more than one, always feature in the top five performing funds over such periods of time.


The Ishikawa and Murai zero current switching inverter offers promising characteristic for several applications. Nevertheless, to date the control issue was not yet fully addressed. The paper reviews the converter evidencing the nonlinearity, the load-filter resonance issue, and the resonant time duration. An equation for the forecasting of the resonant times is checked. Consequently, a modulator is proposed and described in detail, then verified experimentally. This paper finally proposes and verifies a vector control with active damping. An active damping control structure is defined, tuned, and verified by means of experimental tests taking into account several versions. Although this work does not fully address the control issue it evidences the control requirements of the converter and it is helpful in the converter evaluation and application.


Coding-Aware routing algorithm improves the performance of Network Coding (NC) by selecting the paths with more coding opportunities, thus increasing the throughput of network transmission. However, the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) flight in Flying Ad-hoc Network (FANET) causes network topology changes and calculating coding opportunities is NP-hard complex problem, so the performance of traditional coding-aware routing is limited. We try to solve this problem using reinforcement learning and propose a deep reinforcement learning-based coding-aware routing (RLCAR) that maximizes throughput and coding opportunities. In RLCAR, we define new concepts of coding benefits, throughput and energy distribution, and we put these parameters into the routing metric (Reward function). We evaluate the performance of RLCAR and compare the throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), coding/decoding rate with other coding-aware routings. The results show that RLCAR acquires more coding opportunities and improves the throughput of FANET. And, RLCAR can cope with the dynamic changes of UAV topology.


With the development of energy Internet, the Micro Energy Grid, which includes various forms of energy, including gas, electricity, cold and heat, has developed rapidly. The application of energy storage technology can greatly improve the energy efficiency and reliability of Micro Energy Grid . In this paper, conventional storage technologies such as heat storage, hydrogen storage, electric vehicles and electrochemical energy storage are introduced, and the idea of energy storage technology based on energy hub is put forward.


1. Carbon isotope ratios (δ13CD) of a herbivorous zooplankter, Daphnia middendorfiana and several environmental variables were investigated during four annual production cycles (1988–92) in Smith Lake, Alaska to determine factors that affect the seasonal and interannual variability of δ13CD.

2. δ13CD varied from −44.7 to −31.5 ppt and was significantly correlated with Chl a (r = 0.66, P = 0.0001), weakly correlated with CO2(aq) (r = 0.31, P = 0.07) and uncorrelated with δ13CDIC (r = 0.10, P = 0.70). Carbon isotope fractionation was minimal when Chl a appeared to be optimal. The largest 13C fractionation was associated with the lowest Chl a during early and mid winter periods.

3. δ13CD was also significantly correlated with water temperature (r = 0.480, P = 0.0001) and photoperiod (r = 0.62, P = 0.0001), probably suggesting a critical role of physical forcing, particularly solar energy input, in affecting algal photosynthesis and δ13CD in this subarctic lake.

4. There was a large interannual variability of δ13CD among ice-cover periods which was partly explained by interwinter differences in the amount of snowfall that affected the flux of solar irradiance to the ice-covered lake.

5. Other explanations for δ13CD variability such as species succession, changes in algal cell size and differential use of CO2(aq) and HCO3– were also considered, but cannot account for the observations reported here.


While hysteresis alleviates the ping-pong effect in a cellullar handoff, it also introduces severe outage degradation. In this letter, the handoff triggering condition as well as the unavailability to handoff completion are studied in terms of mobile location and hysteresis factor. It is shown how hysteresis favors high dropped-call probability zones within the service area. The proposed methodology is applicable to both forward and reverse channel analysis. Numerical results are presented and discussed.


This article is about the therapy of a woman who had been the participating mother in a one-year infant observation. She seemed to project aggression onto her lively six-month-old daughter. Few observers have the opportunity to understand the story behind events that occur during an observation, but four years later the mother began individual therapy with the observer. Both the patient and her mother were replacement children, and treatment revealed the transgenerational roots of her projection. The patient's internal world carried the unmourned deaths of at least two fetuses, voids/phantoms nested within one another. The defence of disavowal used to cope with the losses was also trans-generational.


Two introgressive groups of zheng 58-teosinte and B 73-teosinte were exploited by the method that one generation of hybrid and three generations of backcross and five generations of selfing with maize as receptors and teosinte as chromosome fragment donor. Then investigation on phenotype of the ears of each line was carried on. Results showes that in B 73-teosinte introgressive group,ear length of 83% family on 9- 14 cm,ear rows of 85% on 12- 16; the line grain number of 58% on 17- 23,grain length of 92. 5% family was concentrated in the 0. 7- 1. 0 cm,diameter of shaft of 73. 5% on 1. 8- 2. 4 cm,hundred grain weight of 34. 5% concentrated in 18- 23 grams,43. 5% concentrated in 28 and 33 grams. In zheng 58-teosinte introgressive group,ear length of 83. 5% is focused on the 10- 15 cm; ear rows of 47. 5% is 10 lines,the line grain number of 83% on 14- 25,grain length of 70. 5% concentrated in the 0. 8- 0. 9 cm,diameter of shaft of 84. 5% concentrated in the 1. 8- 2. 4 cm,hundred grain weight of 74. 5% concentrated in 28- 33 g. We develop 211 polymorphism molecular markers between zheng 58 and teosinte by sequencing,including 199 SNPs marker and 12 INDEL marker. This study not only supplies new germplasm for maize but also provides moleculars markers for next gene clone,accelerating the progress of maize breeding.


It is very important for the IMF and the WTO to cooperate in order to achieve the consistency of international macro-economic policies and to avoid the conflicts of common members' rights and obligations.The two international organizations have already established overall cooperation and corresponding legal mechanism in routine and jurisdiction.According to the regulations and related WTO dispute settlement cases,the IMF becomes more involved in the internal affairs of the WTO while the WTO reserves its right to conduct independent judgment by dispute settlement procedures.


This paper provides an inside look at the C2RM and documents some of its more subtle aspects. More specifically, the taxonomy of the C2RM and its use with object-oriented benchmarks for modeling command and control are illustrated. In addition, the paper reviews known criticisms of the C2RM, attempts to dispel some of the apparent myths, and clarifies with specific examples possible areas of confusion. The objective of the C2RM is to provide a standard, object-oriented, open system architecture, and open system interconnection framework to be used in modeling and simulating C2ed objects. In developing technology and applications of managed objects for command and control (i.e., C2 objects) it is intended to promote standardization of key C2 protocols and interfaces for interactions among heterogeneous and distributed resources of C2 systems.<<ETX>>


The invention discloses a rotating mechanism for an obstacle crossing arm of an overhead power transmission line patrol robot. The rotating mechanism comprises multiple rotating guide boards 1, a self-rotating mechanism and an integrated rotating mechanism. The rotating mechanism has the advantages that 1, the drive is less, the operation is simple and easy, according to the rotating mechanism, a drive motor is mounted in each of the self-rotating mechanism and the integrated rotating mechanism, the functions of the drive motors are separated, and the operation is simple and easy; and 2, the function is complete, the rotating mechanism is equipped with the self-rotating mechanism and the integrated rotating mechanism, therefore, self-rotation and integrated rotation can be finished, and the line patrol robot can span an angle tower to work.


Due to its potential to drive the next wave of ecommerce, mobile commerce has attracted much attention from both practitioners and researchers. In this paper, we develop a theoretical framework to study the adoption and use of mcommerce from the information processing perspective. Based on the information processing framework, we propose that the fit between the information processing need of m-commerce users and the information processing capacity of mobile applications positively affects the perceived usefulness of users, which in turn influences their intention to adopt and use m-commerce. Keywords-mobile commerce (m-commerce); information processing theory; usability; adoption


[Purpose /significance] This study aims at exploring factors influencing continuance intention to use mobile social networking sites (SNS). Specifically, this study attempts to investigate the effects of stress and regret. [Method /process] 226 valid data from working stuff were collected via questionnaires and further analyzed using SEM. [Result /conclusion] Results show that, stress and regret have significant impacts on continuance intention to use mobile SNS. Also, technology-work conflict and technology-personal conflict have significant influences on stress, and excessive use has a significant effect on regret.


Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. All research projects making conclusions or recommendations based on environmentally related measurements and funded by the Environmental Protection Agency are required to participate in the Agency Quality Assurance Program. This project was conducted under an approved Quality Assurance Project Plan. The procedures specified in this plan were used without exception. Information on the plan and documentation of the quality assurance activities and results are available from the Principal Investigator. iii Foreword The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is charged by Congress to protect the Nation's land, air, and water resources. Under a mandate of national environmental laws, the Agency strives to formulate and implement actions leading to a compatible balance between human activities and the ability of natural systems to support and nurture life. To meet these mandates, EPA's research program is providing data and technical support for solving environmental problems of today and building a science knowledge base necessary to manage our ecological resources wisely, understand how pollutants affect our health, and prevent or reduce environmental risks in the future. The National Risk Management Research Laboratory is the Agency's center for investigation of technological and management approaches for reducing risks from threats to human health and the environment. The focus of the laboratory's research program is on methods for the prevention and control of pollution to air, land, water, and subsurface resources; protection of water quality in public water systems; remediation of contaminated sites and ground water; and prevention and control of indoor air pollution. The goal of this research effort is to catalyze development and implementation of innovative, cost-effective environmental technologies; develop scientific and engineering information needed by EPA to support regulatory and policy decisions; and provide technical support and information transfer to ensure effective implementation of environmental regulations and strategies. This report presents a discussion of the application of the first-and second-order reliability methods (FORM and SORM, respectively) to groundwater transport and remediation, and to public health risk assessment. Using FORM and SORM allows the formal incorporation of parameter uncertainty in the analysis of such applications. The report shows the advantages of the reliability methods over currently available simulation methods, such as the Monte Carlo Simulation method. Special attention is also given to the stochastic sensitivity results obtained as an integral part from the reliability analysis. Numerous examples and case studies are given …


Dynamical hysteresis is a phenomenon which arises in ferromagnetic systems below the critical temperature as a response to adiabatic variations of the external magnetic field. We study the problem in the context of the mean-field Ising model with Glauber dynamics, proving that for frequencies of the magnetic field oscillations of order $N^{2/3}$, with $N$ the size of the system, the "critical" hysteresis loop becomes random.


Since a few years, there has been a tendency that hydropower turbines experience fatigue to a greater extent, due to increasingly more regulation movements of governor actuators. The aim of this paper is to extend the service life of hydropower turbines, by reasonably decreasing the guide vane (GV) movements with appropriate regulation strategies, e.g. settings of PI (proportional-integral) governor parameters and controller filters. The accumulated distance and number of GV movements are the two main indicators of this study. The core method is to simulate the long-term GV opening of Francis turbines with MATLAB/Simulink, based on a sequence of one-month measurements of the Nordic grid frequency. Basic theoretical formulas are also discussed and compared to the simulation results, showing reasonable correspondence. Firstly, a model of a turbine governor is discussed and verified, based on on-site measurements of a Swedish hydropower plant. Then, the influence of governor parameters is discussed. Effects of different settings of controller filters (e.g. dead zone, floating dead zone and linear filter) are also examined. Moreover, a change in GV movement might affect the quality of the frequency control. This is also monitored via frequency deviation characteristics, determined by elementary simulations of the Nordic power system. The results show how the regulation settings affect the GV movements and frequency quality, supplying suggestions for optimizing the hydropower turbine operation for decreasing the wear and tear.


PESTICIDE COMPOSITIONS AND INSECT REPELLENT. OBTAIN AN INSECT NON-TOXIC, SAFE FOR ENVIRONMENT AND EASILY BE USED AND INSECT REPELLENT providing an aqueous composition ENTERING BASED COMPOUNDS ethanolamine, either independently or in combination with compounds based on ethanolamine, being selected BOTH SIMPLE compounds and conjugated compounds. In a preferred embodiment, it achieves highly effective composition for safe use, effective, DIRECT topically to humans and animals by employing between about 10 percent and 70 percent by volume of the composition TOTAL COMPOUND BASED ethanolamine. In alternative embodiments, ISSUED BY THE INSECTICIDE application to plants, trees, crops and other vegetation to provide a composition CONTROLLING EFFECTIVELY INSECTS ANNOYING, WHILE IT IS COMPLETELY SAFE AND NO PERJUDICIALPARA PLANT, tree or crop, BESIDES FOR YOUR flowers or fruit. Furthermore, the compositions of this invention are completely biodegradable and are safe for the environment and water sources.


In its many embodiments, the present invention provides a pyrimidine analog of new class as modulators of targeting mechanisms based cell cycle checkpoint. It can be used to treat cancer and / or malignant diseases by administering the cell cycle checkpoint regulator of the present invention. For providing synergistic apoptosis in cancer cells, also discussed appropriate combination of cell cycle checkpoint modulators of the checkpoint kinase inhibitors. The invention includes a method of treating cancer by administering a combination of cell cycle checkpoint regulators and checkpoint kinase inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions containing the activator and combinations thereof, and the pharmaceutical kit.


Opsonization available amphoteric substance, for example, phospholipids, such as membrane-forming lipid, in particular a stabilized by the charged phospholipid negatively, such as phosphatidylcholine, a biological affinity for the gas, for example a halogenated sulfur or fine of perfluorocarbons ultrasonic contrast medium containing the bubbles organ contrast in liver after intravenous administration - can be seen to create a residence time. Contrast, opsonization, phosphatidylserine, biological affinity gas microbubbles


The study's purpose was to obtain the concept of the value of local wisdom in the digital era with the existence of an independent learning policy on an independent campus. This study analyzed all research data related to the value of local wisdom and MBKM that has been carried out by previous researchers. This study was a literature review research through a qualitative approach. The research data was taken from research results that have been published in national and international journals in the period 2010-2022. The data analysis stage used in this study was a qualitative approach which includes: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of this study resulted in the concept of applying local wisdom values that were compatible with the application of the MBKM policy and were also related to advances in digital technology with all the demands for quality human resources. Educators and educational institutions must work together to develop local wisdom values in MBKM policy-based learning. Educators can use the results of this research as theoretical input for developing learning facilities


Objective To find out a suitable reagent for dengue seroepidemiology,two ELISA reagents(Novatec and zhongshan)and ICT reagent(Cortez)were applied to detect dengue antibody.Methods According to reagent manual,blood samples collected randomly from entry-exit population were detected by 3 kinds of reagent.Then data from detecting were analyzed.Results The IgG positive rate were 16.67%(NOV),10.12%(zhongshan),0.6%(Cortez)respectively.There was statistical difference between 3 kinds of reagent(P0.05).But there was no statistical difference between zhongshan and NOV(P0.05).The positive rate of dengue IgM were 0%(NOV),1.19%(zhongshan)and 3.57%(Cortez)respectively.There was statistical difference between 3 kinds of reagent either(P0.05).Through analyzing the relationship between positive rate of 3 kinds of reagent with yellow fever,Japanese encephalitis and medical history,we found Cortez-IgG show out light correlation.Comparing inspection cost,Zhongshan reagent was the cheapest. Conclusion For the purpose of dengue seroepidemiology investigation and surveillance,Zhongshan reagent is the most suitable.According to the different inspection principle and technology,the inspection characteristics of the reagents should be further researched and evaluated.


This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the effect of the educational game "Edu-Games bobby bola" on cognitive abilities (using number symbols to count) of children aged 5-6 years at Pembina Tanjung Morawa Kindergarten. The study population consisted of all children aged 5-6 years, totaling 32 students. The research sample consisted of 16 students who were taken using simple random sampling. Data was collected using the test method, namely the pretest and posttest, and documentation, namely the results of students' cognitive abilities, so on the data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon marked ranking test. The results showed that the educational game "Edu-Games bobby bola" had a significant effect on the cognitive abilities (using number symbols to count) of children aged 5-6 years at Pembina Tanjung Morawa Kindergarten. Based on the findings of this research, it is suggested for teachers to continue working to increase productivity towards new skills and knowledge, especially in implementing the educational game "Edu-Games Bobby Bola".


The Cholera Research Laboratory assessed the knowledge and practice of condom use in 2 areas of rural Bangladesh. In 1 area condoms and instructions were distributed to all interested couples in August 1976; the other area received no special distribution or information. Many men initially identified condoms as balloons or childrens toys. Half the distribution area received colored condoms which did not result in a higher use rate. In the nondistribution area 37% of all men could identify the condom for contraceptive use. Although 2/3 of all men knew where to obtain condoms and most knew the cost only 16% knew the correct use for them. In the distribution area 89% could identify the condom as a contraceptive; 93% knew where to obtain them; 86% knew it was free; and 45% knew the correct use. Although the information effort showed effectiveness the condom practice rate increased only from 1.2% to 3.8%. More educational and informational/promotion work is required to increase condom use.


The optimal bidding strategy for trading electricity from a wind farm is not always clear. This paper outlines a method for predicting whether the market will be long or short and uses this information to select the best quantile regression for the current market conditions. Results from a simulation with a 2.5MW turbine produced a savings of over £1000 over a three month period compared to using only a P50 forecaster.


This paper describes a machine devslopped for making encapsulated diet for mass rearing the lacewings, Chrysopa. spp.. Differ-ring in design with other machines of the same category, this new machine has an incomplicated structure. It can produce 2 kg of eggs. per hour, the eggs being cs. 564 u in diameter with the shells ea. 17 u thick. The rais of effective eggs made by the machine in the trials was averaged 86%. The eggs have a paraffin shell and are composed of mainly hydrolytic protein. Experiments of rsaring Chrysopa sinica and C._ aeptempunctata with the egga produced by the machine resulted in 97% of cocooning rate, which is not significantly different from that reared with egga of Corcyra cephalonica.


Agritourism is one of the most important directions of tourism activities as well as an important element of economic development of rural areas. This article attempts to analyze Polish agritourism development in the context of chosen European countries. This paper examines the historical basis of agritourism development, spatial distribution of agritouristic accommodation, farms offer, associations of rural tourism activities and the impact of local and national policy on development of this form of tourism. This analysis allows to insert the thesis that agritourism in Poland in many ways is on the same level as it was in Western European countries a dozen years ago. Despite of that, Polish agritourism has all to be able to catch up with western pattern in short period of time. The summary of the analysis is regionalization of Poland for opportunities of agritourism development in nearest future.


Religious problem is one of the hot issues in the world now.To handle this issue correctly,we must adhere to the Marxist outlook on religion and look on it dialectically and comprehensively.This article intends to offer a rational penetration and a strategic speculation upon the issue of religion from the four angles:(1)Religion is a social historical phenomenon;(2)The development of religion does not decline in the process of modemization;(3)Religion reveals it's duality in its social function;(4)The effects of religion are magnified.


This chapter refreshes such necessary algebraic knowledge as will be needed in this book. It introduces function spaces, the meaning of a linear operator, and the properties of unitary matrices. The homomorphism between operations and matrix multiplications is established, and the Dirac notation for function spaces is defined. For those who might wonder why the linearity of operators need be considered, the final section introduces time reversal, which is anti-linear.


McKay et al.'s study on non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [1] (NHL) in Scotland provides evidence for a graded effect of socioeconomic deprivation on survival and symptoms. Despite an overall improvement in outcomes over the 1979–1996 period, NHL patients from the most deprived areas continued to experience worse results. They found that individuals from the most deprived and moderate areas were at greater risk of death than individuals from the most affluent areas. Scottish patients from more deprived areas were more likely to have B symptoms and poorer performance status levels. These findings suggest that either the disease is more aggressive, or conversely that immune systems of patients in less affluent areas are more compromised. This is a nuance that is absent in the work on NHL coming out of the United States, which largely focuses on differences in incidence rates. McKay et al. speculate that the source of socioeconomic differences in NHL outcomes may lie in differences in either immunocompetence or comorbidity. On the basis of what we know about social determinants of health, both of these are plausible mechanisms. Cozen has enumerated the role of immune factors, particularly those with childhood etiologies, that affect NHL risk [2,3]. The effects of chronic stress on the immune system, which is strongly associated with low socioeconomic status, have been documented in tumor growth and cancer progression in animal and human studies [4]. Similarly, individuals with lower socioeconomic position have increased inflammatory markers and higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease [5,6]. These factors may explain the poorer outcomes among the most deprived patients with NHL. The Scottish investigators used Carstairs scores as a measure of social deprivation, which provide seven deprivation categories (DepCat). These scores are derived from four census variables; car ownership, male unemployment, overcrowding and proportion of males living in social classes IV and V. Note that these variables only depict the average individual in the postal code being studied. By mapping NHL incidence to specific geographic areas, differences in population outcomes may reflect common environmental risk factors that influence the likelihood of death from NHL. These findings are consistent with area based studies on overall cancer mortality in the United States, which show both an increased incidence and higher mortality for major cancer sites among residents of lower income census tracts and block groups [7]. Along these lines a study of 1321 cases of NHL in several American based registries – Seattle, Detroit, Los Angeles and Iowa – examined the risk of NHL [2]. It analysed the effect of a wide range of childhood exposures, atopy, overcrowding, family structure and birth order. It found that the presence of a childhood allergy was associated with decreased risk of NHL and that youngest children from large families were at greater risk for NHL. Immune deficiency, atopic conditions and autoimmune disease may be responsible for differences in NHL incidence [3]. Research on NHL outcomes based on geocoded data are invaluable for further addressing altered immunity or specific


Face recognition is a significant area of pattern recognition and computer vision research. Illumination in face recognition is obvious yet challenging task in pattern matching. Recent researchers introduced machine learning algorithms to solve illumination problems in both indoor and outdoor scenarios. The major challenge in machine learning is the lack of classification accuracy. Thus, the novel Optimized Neural Network Algorithm (ONNA) is used to solve the aforementioned drawback. First, we propose a novel Weight Transfer Ideal Filter (WTIF) which is employed for pre-processing to remove the dark spots and shadows in an image by normalizing low frequency and high frequency of illumination. Secondly, Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) is employed to perform efficient extraction of features based on image area representation. These features are given as input to ONNA which classifies the given input image under illumination. Thus we achieve the recognition of the face under various illumination conditions. Our approach is analyzed and compared with existing approaches such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF). ONNA is better in terms of high accuracy and low error rate. Keywords—Face recognition; illumination; neural network; robust principal component analysis


Fault diagnosis can be achieved by the cluster analysis process. We give a complete similarity measurement method and a cluster criterion function defined by modularity increment in complex network community detection. An agglomerative cluster method is proposed and the diagnosis rules are extracted to fault diagnosis for the marine engine system. Using the samples collected from self-manufactured marine engine room simulator, fault diagnosis simulation experiment is carried out to verify the algorithm performance. The results show that the method is accurate and less time-consuming, and is able to recognize the fault pattern which does not exist in the fault history data.


The present invention relates to a web or batt, and such web and man-made fibers, cotton product comprising a vat, and methods of making the staple fibers, a web, batt, and man-made fibers, cotton product comprising a polytrimethylene terephthalate crimped staple fibers. PTT according to the preferred method of forming a web or batt comprising a staple fiber, poly tree emit melted PTT filament from 245 to 285 ℃. Quenching the filaments and, thereby stretching and crimping the crimp of 8 to 30 degrees mechanical crimp number / inch (3 to 12 crimps number / cm). It was relaxed at a temperature of 50 to 130 ℃ the crimped filaments and then, the length is cut to staple fibers of about 0.2 to 6 inches (about 0.5 to about 15 cm). Forming a web by putting Walking or carding the staple fibers and to cross-deposited if necessary to the web to form a batt. The web or manufacturing synthetic fiber batt product bat. PTT staple fibers, man-made fibers, cotton, crimp take-up, web, bat


The Straight Line Diagram (SLD) is a roadway mapping and data presentation methodology that has been used by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) for more than 25 years. It is utilized by technicians and engineers to verify field Roadway Characteristics Inventory (RCI) data, for field survey preparation, and for other related applications. The basic structure of the current programs and methodologies used to produce SLDs has become somewhat dated, considering recent developments in Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, which provides flexibility and efficiency in presenting/mapping data, and the proliferation of various new alternatives, based on aerial photography or roadway Videolog applications, that are capable of producing customized products through optional parameters. This research project focuses on the development of a more contemporary, versatile, and user-friendly SLD application for the FDOT, based on output products that incorporate technological advances in GIS, automated mapping, data processing, and reporting.


Clarithromycin is a 14-member lactone ring macrolide with potent activity against Haemophilus influenzae , including ampicillin-resistant strains. We evaluated the in vivo efficacy of clarithromycin at 40 mg/day and 100 mg/day for 3 days in the treatment of a murine model of pneumonia using a macrolide-resistant H. influenzae strain, which was also ampicillin resistant. The MIC of clarithromycin was 64 (cid:1) g/ml. The viable bacterial counts in infected tissues after treatment with 100 mg clarithromycin/kg of body weight were lower than the counts obtained in control and 40-mg/kg clarithromycin-treated mice. The concentrations of macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) and interleukin 1 (cid:2) (IL-1 (cid:2) ) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from mice treated at both concentrations were lower than in the control group. Pathologically, following infection, clarithromycin-treated mice, particularly at a dose of 100 mg/kg, showed lower numbers of neutrophils in alveolar walls, and inflammatory changes had apparently improved, whereas large aggregates of inflammatory cells were observed within the alveoli of control mice. In addition, we demonstrated that clarithromycin has bacteriological effects against intracellular bacteria at levels below the MIC. Our results indicate that clarithromycin may be useful in vivo for macrolide-resistant H. influenzae , and this phenomenon may be related to the good penetration of clarithromycin into bronchoepithelial cells. We also believe that conventional drug susceptibility tests may not reflect the in vivo effects of clarithromycin.


Two methods are presented to realize a low forward-voltage p-i-n diode with a thin i region. One is to increase recombination current by appropriately controlling carrier lifetime in the i region. The recombination current for a constant voltage reaches a maximum at a carrier lifetime given by(q/kT) W\min{i}\max{2}/8\mu_{i}, where Wiand μiare thickness and effective mobility of the i region, respectively. The other is to increase diffusion current in the p emitter by decreasing carrier lifetime only for the high impurity concentration region. On the basis of the first method, diodes with a 0.83-V forward voltage at 150 A/cm2, a 200-V reverse voltage, and a 50-ns reverse recovery time were obtained.


Objective. Determination of theoretical and methodological methods to the assessment of the marketing potential of the enterprise, which, unlike the existing ones, consists in the determination of the market potential through the calculation of its capacity, share and the potential of marketing activity, which allows taking into account external market factors and internal capabilities of the enterprise when conducting a marketing audit. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis is the fundamental provisions of marketing theory, the scientific works of leading domestic and foreign economists and specialists in the management of the marketing activities of the enterprise. Results. Control is the final stage of the cycle of marketing activity management, which in the practical activity of most enterprises is an assessment of the results of sales policy. In the decision-making process, among other functions of marketing management, preventive or strategic control aimed at achieving the company's long-term goals and improving the effectiveness of marketing as a whole. Marketing audit is one of the most important types of strategic marketing control, the activity of which is aimed at comprehensive analysis, monitoring and auditing of the company's activities. Scientific novelty. A marketing audit is defined as a process of checking the marketing activities of an enterprise with the aim of identifying shortcomings and opportunities for qualitative improvement of marketing activities, providing practical recommendations for eliminating identified shortcomings and implementing measures related to the use of reserves. Outsourcing complements the results of the inspection and determines ways of rational use of the company's resources to ensure the company's competitiveness on the market. Practical significance. When managing the enterprise as a complete system, it is necessary to avoid duplicating the performance of functions. Therefore, the tasks of marketing and marketing audit should not repeat but complement each other, because with the dual performance of such tasks as assessment and analysis of the external environment, identification of problems and marketing opportunities, formation of a marketing strategy marketing costs increase and their effectiveness decreases. Marketing outsourcing is an effective way to reduce costs and increase business profitability, which contributes to deep optimization of the company's activities Key words: marketing control, external audit, internal audit, outsourcing, business portfolio, strategic management, strategic marketing, strategic planning.


A few sand dunes emit audible sound when patches of surface sand, usually near the crest of the dune, are disturbed. Sand Mountain is a booming dune. It is 1 mi north of U.S. Highway 50 at a point approximately 20 mi east of Fallon, Nevada. It normally emits short pulses, similar to short strokes on a bass violin, when disturbed by walking near the crest or by digging into it by hand or with a shovel [Lindsay et al., Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 86, 463–473 (1976)]. More rarely a thin apron of sliding sand will emit a very loud and continuous booming similar to a B‐29 or B‐36 bomber flying over at very low altitude [Criswell et al., EOS 55, 1151 (1974)]. Strong ground vibrations also occur. Similar effects are speculated to be the source of surface seismic at the Apollo 17 landing site on the moon. Recordings of the terrestrial emissions, spectral analyses, and electron microscope images of the grains will be presented.


To characterize further a putative dopamine receptor in the renal artery, the effects of dopamine on canine renal artery adenylate cyclase activity were studied. Since the femoral artery is thought to be devoid of a similar dopamine receptor, the effects of dopamine on the adenylate cyclase activity of the canine femoral artery were also studied. In tissues from dogs with or without phenoxybenzamine pretreatment, renal artery adenylate cyclase was maximally stimulated by 4 μm dopamine, compared to 20 μm required for the femoral artery enzyme. The concentrations of isoprenaline required to maximally stimulate renal and femoral artery adenylate cyclase were 0·04 and 0·2 μm, respectively. In tissue from the phenoxybenzamine‐pretreated dog, the stimulatory effect of dopamine on the renal artery enzyme was selectively blocked by 0·01 μm haloperidol, but not by 0·2 μm propranolol. In the femoral artery, however, the dopamine stimulation was blocked by both antagonists. Stimulation by isoprenaline of renal and femoral artery adenylate cyclase was blocked by propranolol. These data suggest the concept that dopamine interacts with a specific artery receptor apparently different from α‐ and β‐adrenoceptors.


The invention relates to a front axle assembly for a low-entrance bus, which belongs to the technical field of bus front axle assemblies. The front axle assembly is mainly used for solving the problems in the existing front axle of an 8-metre medium bus that 1-metre ultra wide passage of a carriage and one-step low floor cannot be realized, and turning radius is not small enough. The front axle assembly is characterized in that the front axle is an I-shaped beam, two ends of the I-shaped beam extend upwards and outwards, an upper layer connection end and a middle layer connection end are disposed on the I-shaped beam, the upper layer connection end is a plate spring seat located on a tire, the middle layer connection end is connected with a steering knuckle through a king pin, a straight tie rod arm is mounted outside one side steering knuckle arm, plate spring seats at two ends are at a distance of 2000-2200 mm, and radiation ribs and radiation holes are added to a brake drum. The front axle assembly has the advantages that floor of the bus is only 380 mm away from the ground, width of the passage reaches 1000 mm, space for disposing parts of chassis and turning angle of the bus are increased, turning radius is smaller and passing ability is better, and is mainly used for the 8-metre medium low-entrance bus.


With few exceptions more and more people live in urban regions, The state of cities, in general, shows a strong correlation with the quality of education, education for every male and female, many say universal literacy, numeracy and sciency. A very good positive example is provided by Singapore, many cities in Europe, and negative examples abound in many parts of Africa, Asia.


In this paper, a bit-level decoder is presented for soft-input soft-output iterative decoding of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes. The main aim for the development of the proposed algorithm is to reduce the complexity of the decoding process, while yielding a relatively good error correction performance, for the efficient use of RS codes. The decoder utilises information set decoding techniques to reduce the computational complexity cost by lowering the iterative convergence rate during the decoding process. As opposed to most iterative bit-level soft-decision decoders for RS codes, the proposed algorithm is also able to avoid the use of belief propagation in the iterative decoding of the soft bit information, which also contributes to the reduction in the computational complexity cost of the decoding process. The performance of the proposed decoder is investigated when applied to short RS codes. The error correction simulations show the proposed algorithm is able to yield a similar performance to that of the Adaptive Belief Propagation (ABP) algorithm, while being a less complex decoder.


One kind around the rim (32) assembly (10) mounted, comprising: an endless belt supporting pad (12) made of ductile material with poor. At least one circumferential location with the support mat (12) divided to form a pair of opposite end portions (16, 18). Further comprising adjusting means (24, 26), operatively connected to said opposite end portions (16, 18), with a diameter backup pad (12) is adjusted, and the spacer means (14) , with a suspended pad support (12) on the radially inner surface (34). Spacer means (14) is made of a material poor compressibility, the spacing means, in use, is located in the rim (32) on the tape to the support pad (12) maintained separated from each other in the rim (32) status. The assembly suitable for use with a flat tire bead assembly or lock ring assembly.


The line spectrum pair (LSP) decomposition is a widely used method in speech coding. In this article, we will show that the LSP polynomials, whose trivial zeros have been removed, are equivalent to two optimal (in the mean square sense) predictors in which a sample is predicted from linear combinations of its previous averaged and differentiated values.


We have studied the effect of laser repetition rate on the microstructure, crystallographic orientation, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of pulsed laser deposited 0.94(Bi<inf>0.5</inf>Na<inf>0.5</inf>)TiO<inf>3</inf>-0.04(Bi<inf>0.5</inf>K<inf>0.5</inf>)TiO<inf>3</inf>-0.02BaTiO<inf>3</inf> thin films on SrRuO<inf>3</inf> coated SrTiO<inf>3</inf> substrates. The films were deposited at different repletion rates of 2 Hz, 4 Hz and 8 Hz, while the other processing parameters such as the substrate temperature and oxygen partial pressure were kept constant. It has been demonstrated that the film made at 4 Hz has been epitaxially grown on the substrate with a smooth and flawless surface and shows the best ferroelectric properties among the investigated films. The remnant polarization and dielectric constant for this film were measured to be 13.6 µC.cm−2 and 425 (at 1 MHz). The leakage current density of the optimized film is 1.3>10−5 A.cm−2 at 320 kV.cm−1, which is about 3 orders of magnitude lower than those observed in the films prepared at repetition rates of 2 Hz and 8 Hz. The remnant polarizations for the films deposited at 2 Hz and 8 Hz were found to be 8.7 µC.cm−2 and 7.6 µC.cm−2, respectively.


Mobile communications are increasingly contributing to global energy consumption. The EARTH (Energy Aware Radio and neTworking tecHnologies) project tackles the important issue of reducing CO2 emissions by enhancing the energy efficiency of cellular mobile networks. EARTH is a holistic approach to develop a new generation of energy efficient products, components, deployment strategies and energy-aware network management solutions. In this paper the holistic EARTH approach to energy efficient mobile communication systems is introduced. Performance metrics are studied so to assess the theoretical bounds of energy efficiency and the practical achievable limits. Moreover, various deployment strategies focusing on their potential to reduce energy consumption are studied, whilst providing uncompromised coverage and user experience. This includes heterogeneous networks with a sophisticated mix of different cell sizes, which may be further enhanced by energy efficient relaying and base station cooperation technologies. Finally, scenarios leveraging the capability of advanced terminals to operate on multiple radio access technologies (RAT) are discussed with respect to their energy savings potential.


Understanding the structure–property relationships of tough double crosslinking hydrogels, especially at the molecular level, is of great importance for the rational design and wider applications of this kind of soft material. Herein, a mechanically strong poly(acrylic acid/acrylamide) (P(AA/AM)) hydrogel was fabricated, based on a double crosslinking architecture which comprised a chemically crosslinked network and a metal ion crosslinked physical network. The ionic effect, including metal ions and counter anions, on the mechanical and swelling properties of the hydrogels was investigated in detail. Importantly, it was discovered that the P(AA/AM) hydrogel immersed in 0.06 M ferric nitrate (FeCl3) exhibited a tensile strength of 1377 kPa while in ferric chloride (Fe(NO3)3), the tensile strength was 1471 kPa. These values were vastly superior to those obtained for the other metal salts tested. Notably, the distinct mechanical strengths of the hydrogels crosslinked by the ferric salts (FeCl3, Fe(NO3)3, Fe2(SO4)3) were investigated by molecular simulation, which demonstrated that the differing mechanical strengths arose from the varying bonding strengths between the ferric salts and AA groups. Moreover, the tough hydrogel of P(AA/AM) soaked in 0.06 M Fe(NO3)3 displayed an equilibrium swelling ratio of only 1.14 g g−1, which offers great promise in applications such as in cartilage and other tissues. This work gives a valuable molecular insight into the understanding and design of double crosslinking gels with high strength.


This gross and histopathologic study of the seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts constitutes one feature of a comprehensive and correlated study of these structures, carried out under the supervision of Dr. Joseph F. McCarthy, director of the Department of Urology at the New York Post-Graduate Hospital. To date, about eighty-four bladders have been subjected post mortem to careful serial microscopic examination of the region between the verumontanum and the interureteric ligament. The sections have been made transversely and sagittally, in such a manner as to include the prostate, ejaculatory ducts and seminal vesicle in their normal relationship to one another. These bladders have been selected from hundreds of necropsies, because of definite gross observations indicating acute, subacute and chronic inflammation of the entire region. An opportunity was thus afforded to study the verumontanum, ejaculatory ducts and seminal vesicles in specimens which presented frank inflammatory lesions of the posterior urethra and


With object-oriented approaches, testing should center on objects, classes, generic classes and super classes, inheritance and polymorphism, instead of subprograms. In object-oriented software test, the feature of inheritance and polymorphism produces the new obstacle during dynamic testing. Polymorphism becomes a problem in dealing with object-oriented software testing. In this paper various issues and problems that are associated with testing polymorphic behavior of objects in object oriented systems is discussed. I propose a testers perspective method to assess the polymorphism in design stage. This way it also provides useful information for developer to probe into the fault that is hidden from test in early stage. Thus it will help in improving the quality of object oriented software.


The application of nuclear imaging for non-invasive assessment of cardiovascular diseases is well established. Although the visual assessment of myocardial perfusion will remain the mainstay for some time, the field is changing. Advancements in device technology, processing techniques and radiopharmaceuticals have shifted the field beyond the assessment of perfusion alone towards an integrated evaluation of perfusion, function and innervation.

Quantitative nuclear cardiology is becoming ever more important in a clinical setting. And, while the improvements in automated quantification have increased the diagnostic accuracy, there are various factors that may induce inaccuracies. The dependence of functional MPS indices on, for example, the software package or the injection-acquisition time interval, are indistinct. Also the meaning of recently introduced functional parameters and their relation to other indices remain unclear. For innervation imaging, the lack of standardization regarding acquisition and processing still affect the clinical applicability of this technology. All these ambiguities of SPECT-based quantification are addressed in this thesis.


Eunectes beniensis Dirksen, 2002 is a recently discovered anaconda species from Beni Province, Bolivia. Based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence, E. beniensis is closer related to E. notaeus and E. deschauenseei than to E. murinus . The phylogenetic relationships within Eunectes are currently best described as: E. murinus [ E. beniensis ( E. deschauenseei , E. notaeus )]. E. beniensis is easily recognizable by its brown to olive-brownish ground color in combination with five head stripes and less than 100 large dark, solid dorsal blotches which always lack lighter centers. An identification key for the species of Eunectes is provided.


Incident often occurs while deepening excavation pit and/or tunnelling underground pipelines although serious attention from practitioners, engineers, and scientists has received. Prevention and mitigation of incident have thus been deemed to be the key in developing sustainable infrastructure in urban areas. This study analyses and discusses an extensive water leak incident taken place throughout the parallel tunnels LUO09 construction in the soft alluvial deposits in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Dumping sand bags and quick-set cement intervened the incident but in vain. The water leak incident is initiated by the piping. The existing vehicle underpass causes the jet-grout columns installed not exactly in the plumb. Their overlapping is estimated to be less than the design value of 60 cm, and some seepage-prone weak zones are thus developed. The measured hydraulic gradient being equal to 12.1 and existence of seepage-prone weak zones are deemed as the main cause initiating the water leak incident. The pinhole test results highlight not only the nonplastic nature of the Kaohsiung silt but also its vulnerability to piping under large hydraulic gradients. Some bullet points that indicate what engineers should do or avoid are learned and summarised.


Previous research suggests a link between language impairment and psychiatric symptoms in children. There are few studies, however, that examine the relationship between conversational measures of language and the continuum of behavioural and emotional problems, ranging from normal behaviour to clinically significant psychiatric symptoms. The present study utilized spontaneous language sampling and analysis of conversational transcripts, to study the relationship between language and maladaptive behavioural and emotional problems in a non-clinical, and therefore highly variable, sample of preschool children. The utility of using language measures obtained from spontaneous speech in predicting mental health problems as indexed by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL C-TRF) problems scales was also examined and compared to the predictability of the WPPSI-III general language composite scores (GLC). Speech samples were collected from 46 preschoolers from a general daycare population, along with standardized measures of intelligence (WPPSI-III), as well as behavioural and emotional problems (CBCL C-TRF). Results indicated that conversational measures of language significantly improved prediction of CBCL C-TRF DSM-oriented and syndrome scales beyond that accounted for by WPPSI GLC scores. Revisions, specifically, appeared to play a critical role in the prediction of behavioural and emotional problems in preschoolers.


This document specifies the Simple Certificate Enrolment Protocol
(SCEP), a PKI protocol that leverages existing technology by using CMS
(formerly known as PKCS #7) and PKCS #10 over HTTP. SCEP is the
evolution of the enrolment protocol sponsored by Cisco Systems, which
enjoys wide support in both client and server implementations, as well
as being relied upon by numerous other industry standards that work
with certificates.


Map shows late nineteenth century Colorado counties, railroads, military posts, agencies, cities, towns, and notable geographic features. Relief shown by hachures. Scale [ca. 1:2,502,720].


This study diagnoses farm management skill of watermelon farms that are members of both Jincheon watermelon unit and Duksan watermelon unit in...


This paper contributes to the debate on the utility of Ulrich Beck's (1992) notion of the 'risk society' for understanding the positions and experiences of workers who are negotiating more 'flexible' employment contracts. Whilst previous articles in this journal have concentrated upon the lower end of the employment market, I aim to broaden the scope of the discussion by focussing upon professional freelance magazine workers, and ask whether Beck's framework has a different utility in terms of understanding their employment security and risk.


The electric power grid is one of the largest and most complex infrastructures ever built by mankind. Modern civilization depends on it for industry production, human mobility, and comfortable living. However, many critical technologies such as the 60 Hz transformers were developed at the beginning of the 20th century and have changed very little since then.1 The traditional unidirectional power from the generation to the customer through the transmission-distribution grid has also changed nominally, but it no longer meets the need of the 21st century market energy customers. On one hand, 128m US residential customers pay $15B/per month for their utility bill, yet they have no option to select their energy supplier. In a world of where many traditional industries are transformed by digital Internet technology (Amazon, Ebay, Uber, Airbnb), the traditional electric energy market is lagging significantly behind. A move towards a true digital grid is needed. Such a digital grid requires a tight integration of the physical layer (energy and power) with digital and cyber information to allow an open and real time market akin to the world of e-commerce. Another major factor that is pushing for this radical transformation are the rapidly changing patterns in energy resources ownership and load flow. Driven by the decreasing cost in distributed solar, energy storage, electric vehicle, on site generation and microgrids, the high penetration of Distributed Energy Resource (DER) is shifting challenges substantially towards the edge of grid from the control point of view. The envisioned Digital Grid must facilitate the open competition and open innovation needed to accelerate of the adoption of new DER technologies while satisfying challenges in grid stability, data explosion and cyber security.


Internet search technology is a pervasively used utility that relies on techniques from the field of spectral graph theory. We present a novel spectral approach to investigate an existing problem: the critical group of the line graph has been characterized for regular nonbipartite graphs, but the general regular bipartite case remains open. Our approach aims to obtain the relationship between the spectra of the Laplacians of the graph G and its line graph Ĝ. We obtain a theorem for the spectra of all regular bipartite graphs and demonstrate its effectiveness by completely characterizing the previously unknown critical group for a particular class of regular bipartite graphs, the incidence graphs of finite projective planes with square order. This critical group is found to be Z2⊕ (Zq+1) 3−1⊕ (Zq2+q+1) 2+q−1, where q is the order of the finite projective plane.


Article is devoted to the recovery of damages caused by the wrongful actions of management. Analyzes the actual jurisdiction, including the decision of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation on the «case of the Kirov factory», which contains a number of key positions in the legal disputes that category: the burden of proof between the plaintiff and defendant, unscrupulous actors in the process, the relationship of the child and losses parent companies. The authors offer a number of practical recommendations for the top management of companies.


Introduction: Variation in exposure to discrimination has been proposed as a contributor to disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) among black and white women and men in the U.S. Yet, evidence is conflicting, perhaps due to insufficiently studied race-sex and geographical differences in the pat


Orthopedic indications collectively represent a large clinical and economic burden, especially given the aging world population. To meet this area of unmet need, a wave of regenerative medicine therapies, including stem cells and other cell-based therapies, is currently in clinical development and anticipated to inundate the global market over the next few years. Although intended to be transformative, orthopedic cell therapies face several practical opportunities and challenges. Such therapies could reduce the health care burden, in part by replacing traditional drug therapies and highly-invasive surgical interventions with single-dose treatments. However, therapy developers and providers must address hurdles from regulatory to reimbursement to commercial challenges before successful orthopedic cell therapies are available to patients. Regulatory policies, reimbursement processes, and commercial requirements for orthopedic cell therapies differ across markets, and key health care stakeholders must address these differences well before a product launch. Pricing and reimbursement models for innovative therapies, like cell-based therapies in orthopedics, grow unclear, especially how health care systems will absorb potentially transformative and highly-needed, but costly, therapies. Single administration therapies with relatively high upfront cost require more evidence to support their value for pricing and reimbursement than other health care products, and orthopedic cell therapies must do so based on patient quality of life and health care resource use, as opposed to improved survival, which is especially challenging. In addition, alternative financing and reimbursement models may be needed to support ongoing patient access and innovation. In the current article, we discuss global health policy issues and considerations for orthopedic cell therapy development and adoption.


The purpose of this paper is to place on record my notes on the distribution of the mosquitos obtained by myself during an Expedition to Central Abyssinia made, in company with Mr. J. Omer Cooper, from September 1926 to January 1927. We were engaged in collecting insects of many Orders and some other animals, as well as plants, so that it was not possible to devote more than a limited time to Culicidae . Nevertheless, I purposely gave rather special attention to this family and got together a series of some 103 specimens of the adult insects, belonging to 13 (or possibly 14) species. Examples of each species were pinned immediately, when freshly killed, with fine pure-silver pins, while in a few places where large numbers of one species occurred the surplus specimens were placed in spirit. No detailed investigation of the larval or pupal stages was undertaken ; a few examples of these may later be forthcoming among the collection of aquatic organisms which are Mr. Omer Cooper's special province, but they are not dealt with here.


According to the circular error probability( CEP) and the location accuracy index in the location ambiguity area,the optimal cut angle for the passive location is analyzed under the condition of the fixed baseline. The theoretical extreme values of the location accuracy are calculated through the extreme point rule of the function with the CEP equivalent curves given. Moreover,the conclusions related to the direction-finding location station distribution and configuration are verified.


Emerging Massively Multiplayer Online Real Time Strategy games require complex game server architecture to make the transmission of the state information of a huge number of units generated by a lot of players feasible. This architecture design is supported by network traffic simulations based on the accurate characterization of player behavior. However, these characteristics of player behavior in RTS games have not been investigated yet, thus, this is the main motivation of this paper. In particular, we introduce a method that can identify the war periods in real-time strategy game sessions based on non-intrusive measurements thus, it is possible to analyze a vast number of game plays. The paper also presents some early results comparing the real and gaming worlds.


The authors propose «kernel spline regression,» a method of combining spline regression and kernel smoothing by replacing the polynomial approximation for local polynomial kernel regression with the spline basis. The new approach retains the local weighting scheme and the use of a bandwidth to control the size of local neighborhood. The authors compute the bias and variance of the kernel linear spline estimator, which they compare with local linear regression. They show that kernel spline estimators can succeed in capturing the main features of the underlying curve more effectively than local polynomial regression when the curvature changes rapidly. They also show through simulation that kernel spline regression often performs better than ordinary spline regression and local polynomial regression.


In the above-named article by Yoshida R, Fukami M, Sasagawa I, Hasegawa T, Kamatani N, and Ogata T (J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(8):4716–4721; doi: 10.1210/ jc.2005-0211), errors were found in the text, Table 1, and Table 2. They should be corrected as indicated in the below (corrected parts are boldfaced and italicized). (1)Text: the "AGATA" haplotype should be corrected as "AGATC" haplotype throughout the text. (2)Table 1: the following part should be corrected. The errors were caused by misinterpretation between C/C and A/A homozygous genotypes for SNP14 (rs3020375) examined by Taqman method (5′ nuclease assay). The errors do not affect the main findings reported in the above paper, such as the presence of a ~ 50 kb linkage disequilibrium (LD) block at the 3′ region of ESR1, the presence of four major haplotypes within the LD block, the strong association of cryptorchidism with a specific haplotype, and all the statistical analysis data. doi: 10.1210/JNL_ABBREV/xxx000


Deep learning (DL) models are a popular choice for resolving intricate issues in medical imaging, such as the classification of diseases, detection of anomalies, and segmentation of tissues in real-world scenarios. To be useful in these contexts, the models must be able to provide accurate results for new, previously untrained data. Existing methods not only fail to consider the intrinsic features of small target lesions but are also not evaluated on separate datasets. To solve these problems we propose a novel architecture, SE-UResNet, capable of segmenting multiple organs having different size and shapes from Chest X-Ray (CXR) images. The proposed architecture introduces a residual module in between the encoding and decoding modules of an attention U-Net architecture for better feature representation of high-level features. The architecture also replaces the attention gates in the decoder module of attention U-Net with Squeeze and Excite (S&E) modules. SE-UResNet is experimented on benchmark CXR datasets such as NIH CXR for lungs, heart, trachea and collarbone segmentation as well as VinDr-RibCXR for ribs segmentation tasks with respect to other state-of-the-art segmentation models. The proposed model achieves an average DSC of 95.9%, 76.8%, 78.7%, 78.8%, and 86.0% for lungs, trachea, heart, collarbone and ribs segmentation for the aforementioned datasets. Furthermore, the proposed model has only been tested on two benchmark CXR datasets: Shenzen and JSRT to establish the reproducibility and robustness of the model. The performance of SE-UResNet on several benchmark CXR datasets demonstrates the model's ability to generalize, making it a reliable baseline for medical image segmentation. Furthermore, it can also be used for assessing the reproducibility of DL models based on their performance on different datasets.


Makeup composition or treatment of keratin materials comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, at least 27% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of a first wax with an adhesion greater than or equal to 0, 7 ns and exceeding 3 hardness, 5 MPa.


M. A. Barish1 and J. A. Soto1'2 M R cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) continues to evolve as a noninvasive imaging technique for evaluation of the biliary and pancreatic ducts. Heavily T2-weighted fat-suppressed sequences are used to produce images in which static fluid is hyperintense and background signal is suppressed. These images are suitable for postprocessing into projection images that resemble direct cholangiograms produced by ERCP or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Although the individual technique used to produce MR cholangiopancreatograms varies on the basis of the individual MR system and available software. high-quality images can be obtained with nearly all clinical scanners. including midfield (0.5-T) systems.


— We study a special class of diffeomorphisms of an annulus (the direct product of a ball in R k , k ≥ 2, by an m -dimensional torus). We prove the so-called annulus principle; i.e


Private sugar processors in Andhra Pradesh, India use an unusual form of vertical coordination. They issue 'permits' to selected cane growers a few weeks before harvest. These permits specify the amount of cane to be delivered during a narrow time period. This article investigates why processors create uncertainty among farmers using ex post permits instead of ex ante production contracts. The theoretical model predicts that ex post permits are more profitable than ex ante contracts or the spot market under existing government regulations in the sugar sector, which include a binding price floor for cane and the designation of a reserve area for each processor wherein it has a legal monopsony for cane. The use of ex post permits creates competition among farmers to increase cane quality, which increases processor profits and farmer costs. Empirical analysis supports the hypothesis that farmers operating in private factory areas have higher unit production costs than do their counterparts who patronize cooperatives.


The effect of structure on the rate of pyrolysis is similar for acetates and carbonates. The rates for carbonates are ca. 24 times greater than those for acetates. This increase derives about equally from the lower activation energies and more positive entropies of activation. The reasons for this are discussed.


MicroRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to the regulation of dendritic cell (DC) polarization, thereby influencing the balance of adaptive immune responses. Herein, we studied the expression of miRNAs in polarized DCs and analyzed whether expression of these miRNAs could be associated with allergic rhinitis and allergen immunotherapy (AIT) outcome.


With the popularization and broad band of internet,search engine is surging in China as it is widely used by people in their daily life.When reading book for reference,people prefer to go to laboratory where there are numerous books. However,nowadays,with the population of internet,many people tend to resort to internet as it convenient,fast,comprehensive and accurate.And search engine can help us identify target information quickly on the internet.This article analyzes the status quo and disadvantages,and envisages the prospect of search engine.


A simple spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Lamivudine in bulk and solid dosage form. Lamivudine posses light absorption character in the UV region. The method is based on the measurement of light absorption in the UV region using distilled water. Lamivudine shows maximum absorbance at 271nm.The Beer's law obeyed in the concentration range of 10-60µg /ml. Results are found satisfactory and reproducible. The proposed method is validated with respect to accuracy, precision, linearity and by recovery studies. The method is applied successfully for the estimation of Lamivudine in tablet dosage form without the interference of excipients. The low value of standard deviation and coefficient of variation indicates that the proposed method is accurate, presise and reproducible


In terms of the Green function of a harmonic point force applied at two bound half plane, the scattered field of a rigid line crossing the bi-material interface is calculated. The scattered field of the rigid line can be split into a bounded part and a singular part. Using the singular part and bounded part scattered field, the Cauchy type integral equations of the rigid line are established. The characteristic equation of the singular stress order at the intersection is obtained using the integral equation and tip characteristic of Cauchy type integral. The singular stress coefficients at the rigid line tips and the intersection are defined by the singular stress near the rigid line tips and the intersection. Numerical solution of the integral equation gives the singular stress coefficients at the rigid line tips and the intersection.


CONTEXT
Restenosis within bare-metal stents is often treated with repeat percutaneous coronary intervention, although subsequent recurrence rates are high, with vascular brachytherapy (VBT) affording the best results. The effectiveness of drug-eluting stents in this setting has not been established.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the safety and efficacy of the polymer-based, slow-release paclitaxel-eluting stent in patients with restenotic lesions after prior stent implantation in native coronary arteries.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS
Prospective, multicenter, randomized trial conducted between June 6, 2003, and July 16, 2004, at 37 North American academic and community-based institutions in 396 patients with in-stent restenosis of a previously implanted bare-metal coronary stent (vessel diameter, 2.5-3.75 mm; lesion length, < or =46 mm).

INTERVENTIONS
Patients were randomly assigned to undergo angioplasty followed by VBT with a beta source (n = 201) or paclitaxel-eluting stent implantation (n = 195). Clinical and angiographic follow-up at 9 months was scheduled in all patients.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization at 9 months.

RESULTS
Diabetes mellitus was present in 139 patients (35.1%). Median reference vessel diameter was 2.65 mm and median lesion length was 15.3 mm. In the VBT group, new stents were implanted in 22 patients (10.9%) and in the paclitaxel-eluting stent group, multiple stents were required in 57 patients (29.2%), with median stent length of 24 mm. Follow-up at 9 months was complete in 194 patients in the VBT group and 191 patients in the paclitaxel-eluting stent group (96.5% and 97.9%, respectively). For VBT and paclitaxel-eluting stents, respectively, the number of events and 9-month rates for ischemic target lesion revascularization were 27 (13.9%) vs 12 (6.3%) (relative risk [RR], 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.86; P = .01); for ischemic target vessel revascularization, 34 (17.5%) vs 20 (10.5%) (RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.36-1.00; P = .046); and for overall major adverse cardiac events, 39 (20.1%) vs 22 (11.5%) (RR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.35-0.93; P = .02), with similar rates of cardiac death or myocardial infarction (10 [5.2%] vs 7 [3.7%]; RR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.28-1.83; P = .48) and target vessel thrombosis (5 [2.6%] vs 3 [1.6%]; RR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.15-2.50; P = .72). Angiographic restenosis at 9 months was 31.2% (53 of 170 patients) with VBT and 14.5% (25 of 172 patients) with paclitaxel-eluting stents (RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.30-0.71; P<.001).

CONCLUSION
Treatment of bare-metal in-stent restenotic lesions with paclitaxel-eluting stents rather than angioplasty followed by VBT reduces clinical and angiographic restenosis at 9 months and improves event-free survival.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00287573.


A tetranuclear Mn(Ⅳ) complex \{\[L\-4Mn\-4O\-6\]\}(ClO\-4)\-4\52H\-2O (L=tacn)was synthesized from Mn(CH\-3COO)\-2\54H\-2O, tacn and NaClO\-4 and characterized by XRD. The compound crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group P2\-1/n , with a =2.133 5(6) nm, b =1.138 7(3) nm, \{ c =\}\{2.178 8(6) nm\}, β =67.40(3)°, V =4.928(2) nm 3 , Z =4, R =0.062 0. Magnetic investigations reveal a weak ferromagnetic property with J =8.8 cm -1 .


The problem of coefficient estimation for a multicomponent polynomial phase signal (PPS) embedded in additive white Gaussian noise, is addressed. Through analysis, we find that estimation using the multi-lag high order ambiguity function (ML-HAF) suffers from not only harmonic ambiguity problem, but also the harmonic leakage problem. Based on a new generalized transform, called multiplicative average ML-HAF (MAML-HAF), united solution of the leakage and ambiguity problem is proposed. The theoretical performance of the method is evaluated and verified by simulation results.


Introduction: Various techniques are being currently used for the internal fixation of scarf osteotomies. We conducted a prospective study on 23 consecutive cases of hallux valgus treated with scarf osteotomy, which was internally fixed with AO mini fragment screws. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the AO mini fragment screws in these cases. Method: Sixteen women and one man (twenty three feet) were included in our study. Mean age was 46 years at the time of surgery. The mean follow-up time was 18 months. A single surgeon performed surgery. Patients were assessed by clinical and radiological evaluation. Preoperative and postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score was obtained. Results: All the osteotomies united without any failure of fixation or hard ware problems. One patient developed superficial wound infection, which responded to antibiotics. At the time of follow-up all the patients were very satisfied. The mean AOFAS score improved significantly from 55 points pre-operatively to 91.95 at follow-up (p Conclusion: We report no failure of fixation in our series and conclude that this is a safe and simple technique. It is cost effective, provides stable fixation and maintains correction till the union of osteotomy.


Recognizing the uncertainty present in all real-world problems, this correspondence extends the mathematical framework of a previously presented information-based sensor manager to permit operation with uncertain sensor probabilities of detection and false alarm. Simulation results demonstrate the importance of proper uncertainty modeling for the attainment of robust sensor manager performance


We have observed the components, structure andproperties of perlite ore. Through a series of ex-periments, it has been proved that the perlite hashigher pozzolanic activity and maybe used as addi-tion of cement in manufacturing pozzolanic cement.The paper also proposes the way to increase theearly strength of this kind of cement and utilize itto make many kinds of silicate concrete products.


Cognitive science draws upon the tools and techniques of many different disciplines, including psychology, philosophy, linguistics, computer science, neuroscience, and mathematical logic. It is a fundamentally interdisciplinary activity. This basic fact raises important and fundamental questions. What do all these disciplines have in common? How can they all come together to form a distinctive area of inquiry? The aim of this Introduction is to give you a sense of the scope and range of cognitive science, setting the framework for more detailed study in subsequent chapters. We will explore the idea that the different disciplines in cognitive science each study different levels of organization in the mind and the nervous system. In particular, we will see how the brain can be studied at many different levels, from the level of the molecule upward. The Introduction ends with a description (and illustration) of what I call the space of cognitive science.


As the development of expressionism, objectivism emphasizes the substitution of subjective feeling for the objective existence. Li Xiankui, a Taiwan poet, under the influence of Rainer Maria Rilke, a German poet, developed German objectivism into Chinese new objectivism.


The importance of parents in the education of their children is not a new concept. Parents have been their children's first educators since prehistoric times. The first formal parent education classes occurred in the United States in 1815.


In Reply: We appreciate the comments made by our colleagues with regard to our article, "Nonarticular base and shaft fractures of children's fingers: are follow-up x-rays needed?"1 and the opportunity to respond to their concerns. First, the commentators observed that base and shaft fractures are not comparable and that our results do not have statistical significance because of the mixture of fractures included. We do not agree with our colleagues. Our data demonstrates that the outcomes of base and shaft fractures are similar and do not differ significantly. Therefore, both fracture types can be included in this analysis even though some aspects of these fracture types are specific to each.1–3 Second, lateral views of each finger were performed separately to avoid oblique projection and overlapping of fingers. A measurementconsistency analysis was conducted in a preliminary series of 50 patients; this analysis confirmed that the technique provides accurate measurements within a 3-degree variance. We therefore do not agree that measurements on lateral views of middle and ring fingers are inaccurate due to overlapping of fingers. Third, in our study, 8 fractures of the proximal phalanx displaced secondarily; 6 of these were located at the base and 2 in the shaft. Contrary to the commentators' assertion, therefore, our data does not confirm that shaft fractures are more prone to secondary displacements. However, we do agree that numbers are low for subgroup analyses.1–3 Finally, this study aimed to assess whether follow-up x-rays are needed during the healing of finger fractures. The healing time for these fractures is 3 to 4 weeks, so assessment of secondary correction of angulation was not the aim of the study.


A method and device for estimating an unwanted pitch moment of an aircraft, and applications to the pitch control of the aircraft. The device estimates an unwanted pitch moment, which can be used to form a compensation command which is added to a standard deflection command with the aim of producing an automatic, active compensation, in real time, for the unwanted pitch moment of the aircraft. Patent Application Publication Aug. 21, 2014 US 2014/0236399 A1


The article presents Lithuanian linguistic cultural image of LIE (MELAS) reconstructed from lexicographic data. The analysis of the lexicographic definitions of this lexeme in Lithuanian dictionaries (The Dictionary of Lithuanian Language, The Dictionary of Contemporary Lithuanian, the dictionaries of synonyms and antonyms and Lithuanian etymological sources) provides two views of the concept: synchronic and diachronic. The diachronic view shows the semantic development of the word, the specification of its meaning (the loss of the primary and the acquisition of new meanings). The synchronic view shows the basic meaning of the concept and its profiles in contemporary language. The research revealed that the basic meaning is LIE as a subject's purposeful distortion of reality with the purpose of deception. The dominating aspects are: a subject's purposeful activity and an object that a subject wants to deceive. Lexicographic data distinguished several profiles of LIE: (1) LIE as entertainment (when lie is used for joking, visual storytelling and has no negative purpose), (2) LIE as unethical issue (when lying is seen as negative, sinister activity) and (3) LIE as psychologically necessary element of life (when lie is seen as useful, helping to get out of difficult situations). The analysis is concluded with the cognitive definition of lie, providing its linguo-cultural view in Lithuanian.


In the course of a study on the relationship of certain symptoms to intestinal disturbances we prepared a ten per cent. watery extract of dried feces and injected 3 c.c. of this intravenously into a dog. The injection was followed by a sudden, sharp fall in blood pressure, with a return to normal level within five minutes. Subsequent injections into the same animal produced a similar fall only when the dose was markedly increased. Extracts of both dried and fresh feces from various individuals have been prepared and produce similar results on injection. The fall in pressure may reach seventy per cent. With the fall there is seen some quickening in heart rate and at times an irregularity in rhythm. Oncometer registration of the kidney and leg volume shows a decided lessening in volume. The intestinal volume on the other hand shows usually a slight rise. A myocardiogram shows no weakening of carciac contractions sufficient to explain the fall in pressure, which therefore seems due to a dilatation of the mesenteric vessels. A further analysis of the point of attack in this depressor action has not been made as yet. Concerning the nature of the depressor substance, the following facts have been obtained. It is not destroyed by boiling; nor removed by heat and acetic acid; after burning the dried feces, an extract of the ash has no action; the freezing point determination of the ten per cent. extract gives a Δ of approximately 0.3°. The substance does not dialyze. It appears therefore to be of colloidal nature.


Monthly changes in the proximate and fatty acid compositions of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) muscle during cultivation from October 2007 to September 2008 were investigated. The lipid content increased gradually from the first stage of cultivation until March 2008 and then dramatically until May, before decreasing. The highest lipid content during cultivation was 21.6% in May, just before the fish spawns. There was a negative correlation (y=-1.1585x+87.741, R


PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the influence of hip abduction angle on the muscle activity of the Gluteus Maximus (GM), Biceps Femoris (BF) and Tensor Fascia Lata (TFL) during Knee Flexed Prone Hip Extension exercise. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 42 healthy individuals. All participant consented to participate in this study. Subjects performed exercise, using the Knee Flexed Prone Hip Extension exercise in three hip abduction position 0°, 15° and 30°. Subjects rested two minutes, between changing hip abduction position. Data were analyzed using a Noraxon MR-XP 1.08 Master Edition EMG to determine


Edge computing offers resource-constrained devices low-latency access to high-performance computing infrastructure. In this paper, we present ePrivateEye, an implementation of PrivateEye that offloads computationally expensive computer-vision processing to an edge server. The original PrivateEye locally processed video frames on a mobile device and delivered approximately 20 fps, whereas ePrivateEye transfers frames to a remote server for processing. We present experimental results that utilize our campus Software-Defined Networking infrastructure to characterize how network-path latency, packet loss, and geographic distance impact offloading to the edge in ePrivateEye. We show that offloading video-frame analysis to an edge server at a metro-scale distance allows ePrivateEye to analyze more frames than PrivateEye's local processing over the same period to achieve realtime performance of 30 fps, with perfect precision and negligible impact on energy efficiency.


Based on the investigation of daily life, the paper reviewed the loss of urban space, criticized negative planning and design and, analyzed the origin of the loss of urban space. Using the cases of St. Paul and Barcelona, the paper explained the function of urban space and proposed Copenhagen as a positive example of the revival of urban space.


Objective To establish the quality standards of Zizhu ointment. Methods The TLC was applied to identify Radix arnebiae and borneol of Zizhu ointment, and the content of borneol was determined by gas chromatography. Results The TLC spots were clear, well-separated and easy to identify. The good linear range of borneol reference substance on calibration curve was 0.048 4-1.210 0 μg, and the recovery was 90%-110%, the relative standard deviation was less than 5%. Conclusion The method is simple and feasible, can be used as the quality control method of Zizhu ointment.


In ungated field emitter arrays, the field enhancement factor β of each emitter tip is reduced below the value it would have in isolation due to the presence of adjacent emitters, an effect known as shielding or screening. Reducing the distance b between emitters increases the density of emission sites, but also reduces the emission per site, leading to the existence of an optimal spacing that maximizes the array current. Most researchers have identified that this optimal spacing is comparable to the emitter height h, although there is disagreement about the exact optimization. Here, we develop a procedure to determine the dependence of this optimal spacing on the applied electric field. It is shown that the nature of this dependence is governed by the shape of the β(b) curve, and that for typical curves, the optimal value of the emitter spacing b decreases as the applied field increases.


IE is a philosophic theory and technology for realizing the goal of business management. IE is the most important industrial technology to dominate a business rise or a decline in the world. In Chinese state owned business the application of the IE is an inevitable choise and an urgent requirement for improving the management foundation and increasing the competitive power in the world market. This paper analyzes the main question existing in the Chinese state owned business, and introduces the characteristic and function of IE.The paper also puts forward the strategy of using IE in the Chinese state owned business in the 21st century. The author believes that the requirement for IE will be stronger with the carrying on of the economic reform.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the perspectives of the People's Republic of China (PRC) Belt and Road strategy. The challenge in terms of studying the New Silk Road concept comes from the fact of dramatic difference between the declared ambitions of the Chinese state and the elusive character of concrete Chinese involvement, in particular as far as the digital dimension of the strategy is concerned.

Design/methodology/approach
The goal will be achieved by comparing the Chinese expansion in the Post-Soviet Central Asia with nowadays declarations concerning the digital version of the New Silk Road. For China, the Post-Soviet Central Asia was the first frontier approached on the basis of genuinely own integration strategy: the New Silk Road Diplomacy, which later evolved into the New Silk Road concept. An overview of Chinese activity in the region tells a lot about its grand strategy of today.

Findings
To paraphrase T.S. Kuhn, what one sees depends on not only what one is looking at but also what one has learned to notice. The Post-Soviet Central Asia shows the way Beijing thinks about integration. PRC achieved the most by basing on the free rider effect: concentrating on economic expansion, while other Powers provided relative regional security and stability.

Originality/value
The comparison of the beginnings of the New Silk Diplomacy in the 1990s with the plans of the New Digital Road gives a unique angle to grasp the specific features of the Chinese approach to international integration.


The Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) allows the monitoring of the actors involved in the educational process. The aim of this study was to quantify and qualify the student's time as active or non active in VLE. Classification as 'active' was when the student was logged-in, and attending a forum, chat, or evaluation; and 'not active' when they were logged-in, but not participating in the activities. We analyzed 388 students in 10 semi-presential classes of Forest Research Methodology discipline, from 2005 to 2009. The data confirmed the hypothesis that students that stay longer in contact with the discipline, as active in the VLE, had improved their final grade. The amount of downloads (when the student was not active) carried out by the students also had a positive influence in their final grade.


EXICO Centuries, scientific disciplines started to be hierarchically classified. This classification works well in some instances, and without it dealing with the rapidly growing body of knowledge of the past 200 years would have been difficult. However, it fails to fairly represent the interdisciplinary work which has been, and continues to be, highly important. In this paper we give a taste of the rich historical relation between physics, mathematics, and the biological sciences. We argue that this will continue to play a very important role in the future, based on historical examples and on a brief review of the current situation.


TTrust is a vital component of human interaction. The need to trust stems from our interdependence on others in this complex, modern society. Trust is not only an outcome involving elements of honesty, confidence, and responsibility, but also a process incorporating the ability to hope, believe, rely upon, and expect with assurance.1 Trust, exhibited as interpersonal trust (trust placed in individuals) or social trust (trust placed in institutions, such as hospitals), is associated with cooperation, collaboration, sharing, and teamwork.2 Social relationships are formed through giving and receiving trust.3 Therefore, trust may be defined as the consent of an individual demonstrating honesty, reliability, integrity, and predictability, to be vulnerable to another person who demonstrates honesty, reliability, integrity, and predictability.


In the title complex, [CuFe(C5H5)(C20H14N3)(C10H8N2)](BF4)2, the CuII atom is five-coordinated by a tridentate chelating 4′-ferrocenyl-2,2′:6′,2"-terpyridine (fctpy) ligand and a bidentate chelating 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) ligand. The coordination polyhedron is distorted square-pyramidal with an N atom from the bipyridine ligand in the apical position at a Cu—N distance of 2.195 (3) A. In the crystal structure, tetrafluoridoborate counter-ions are involved as acceptors in intermolecular C—H⋯F hydrogen-bonding interactions with both the bipyridyl and terpyridyl ligands, resulting in a three-dimensional supramolecular structure.