Introduction . Risk identification is the process of identifying, recognizing and documenting risks. Its purpose is to determine what may or may occur that will affect the goals of the system or organization. Once the enterprise risk has been identified, it is necessary to identify all existing controls, such as design elements, employees, processes and systems. The process of identifying risks involves identifying factors and sources of risk, events, situations or circumstances that may have a significant effect on the objectives and nature of the risk. Regardless of the methods actually used, it is important that human and organizational factors are taken into account when determining risk. Accordingly, deviations from human and organizational considerations should be included in the risk identification process, as well as software and hardware related events. Purpose . The purpose of the research is to reveal the process of risk identification as a tool for ensuring the economic security of the enterprise under a risk-oriented approach to management, to study the stages of the process of risk identification using the main points of international standards on risk management. Methods. The methodological basis of the study is a set of methods of cognition: generalization, historical-logical and retrospective methods, factor analysis, statistical methods: mass observation, grouping, rating method. Results. Identification of assets. This stage of identification is carried out on the basis of documentation, namely the financial statements of the enterprise, the strategy of enterprise development, the monthly plan of transportation, the main indicators of the work of regional branches, etc. Identification of sources of risk. To study the primary sources of risk of the company "X" we use the method of analysis of "bow tie". It provides an opportunity to schematically analyze the paths of risk from cause to effect. Identification of risk events. For a given enterprise, one of the priorities for analyzing the types of risks is the risk of an accident at a railway facility. The main causes of such accidents are: errors of dispatchers, machinists, natural disasters, failure of equipment, malfunctions and technological processes, poor quality and untimely maintenance of rolling stock. Identification of existing control measures. The enterprise has a Department of Economic and Information Security and a Risk Management Unit directly involved in risk identification, analysis, evaluation, processing, documentation and reporting, as well as monitoring and control. Identification of consequences. This stage of risk identification involves an almost identical list of potential consequences that will affect the availability, integrity and / or confidentiality of a joint-stock company. This list can be supplemented by the consequences specific to the analyzed enterprise. Thus, according to the results of the risk identification procedure for the company X, a list of identified risks was formed. Originality. It is proposed to consider the identification of risks at a railway undertaking using the recommendations of international risk management standards. Conclusion. The cost of an enterprise depends on many elements that can be forecasted and controlled by management. However, there are unexpected or unanticipated risks associated with events that may be beyond the control of management. Such events can greatly affect the overall economic security of the enterprise. While it is not possible to pinpoint all the risks, it makes sense to take into account how events can affect the main financial and economic performance of an enterprise.


Objective To investigate the effects of carvedilol on hemodynamics and myocardial collagen content after acute myocardial infarction(AMI)in rats. Methods Twenty-four hours after ligating left anterior descending coronary artery, 23 surviving AMI male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to AMI control(n=11),and carvedilol(n=12, 1 mg·kg-1·d-1)group.Eleven rats without coronary artery ligation was taken as sham operation group. After 6 weeks of administration of the drug by gastric gavage, ultrasonic integrated backscatter parameters, hemodynamics and left ventricular function were measured by echocardiography. Results (1)Compared with the sham operation group, hemodynamics in AMI group were deteriorated. SBP,DBP,left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP) and ±dp/dtmax were significantly decreased,while LVEDP was markedly increased in AMI rats. High-frequency ultrasound detecting showed that integrated backscatter(IBS%) was increased and cyclic variation of integrated backscatter(CVIB) was decreased significantly in AMI rats. (2)There was no statistical difference in SBP,DBP and LVSP between AMI control group and carvedilol group. Compared with the AMI group,carvedilol group had significantly decreased IBS% and LVEDP,and significantly increased CVIB and ±dp/dtmax. Conclusions Carvedilol may effectively improve hemodynamics and left ventricular function after AMI in rats by reducing the collagen deposition in noninfarcted area of left ventricle.


A method of sending data in a multiple antenna system includes the steps of generating a transmission signal by applying channel-dependent precoding to a first antenna cluster and a second antenna cluster, each comprising a plurality of antennas, wherein the channel-dependent precoding is performed by a precoding weight matrix in which a precoding weight for each of the antenna clusters has a block diagonal form and the precoding weight is represented by PxV for a number of transmission antennas P, included in each of the antenna clusters, and a number of layers V applied to each of the antenna clusters (P and V are an integer greater than 0) and sending the transmission signal.


In this article presents mathematical model of sub-channels distribution in networks with standard IEEE 802.16, which provides a guaranteed rate of user stations in downlink. Using various kinds of objective functions in offered model is directed to allocation of minimum data rate transmission of every user station. A comparative analysis of obtained solutions by using different objective functions was conducted. The given work presents mathematical model of sub-channels distribution in networks with standard IEEE 802.16, which provides a guaranteed rate of user stations in downlink. Using various kinds of objective functions in offered model is directed to allocation of minimum data rate transmission of every user station. A comparative analysis of obtained solutions by using different objective functions was conducted. The principles of structural and functional self-organization have to be used. A high level of selforganization can be achieved through perfected existence of network protocols and mechanisms responsible for allocation of network access resources.Subcarrier frequency is primary building block of OFDM method that using to distribute sub-channel for users, logical union of which forms an element of frequency resources, called the sub-channel[1]. Most of famous solutions for frequency resource allocation are directed to solving subcarriers allocation problem. Number of subcarriers forming a single frequency channel may be different and is determined by scaling factor. As a result task of frequency resources allocation should be reduced to the problem of sub-channels allocation between user network stations [2]. In developing of mathematical model it must be taken into account the fact that in the case of a allocated arrangement of sub-carriers in the specification of WMAN-OFDMA, there are two sub-modes determine formation of "frequency structure" of sub-channels [2]: submode OFDMA FUSC Full Usage of Subcarriers; submode OFDMA PUSC Partial Usage of Subcarriers. In addition to calculation of required variables it is necessary to meet a number of important conditions, restrictions [4]: 1) Condition of fixing of k sub-channel only for one user station: 1 1    N n l n x ( L l , 1  ); (1) 2) Condition selection of nuser desired rate :


The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted transmission can significantly improve the spectrum efficiency and coverage of the wireless communication network. The paper proposed a cooperative secrecy transmission mechanism, which can take advantage of transmitter signal of primary user (PU) as a dedicated radio frequency (RF) source with decode and forward (DF) UAV selection and energy harvesting (EH) under cognitive network. Specifically, the transmitting signal of PU in the cognitive network can be viewed and used as energy to drive secondary user (SU) nodes and multi-relay nodes to send signals. It was worth noting that the DF UAV relay may bring about the unexpected noise and decrease the received signal to noise ratio (SNR), therefore, the multiple UAV assisted relays selected with secrecy capacity maximization criteria under cognitive network was proposed and investigated in detail, where the destination node equipped with multiple antennas and adopted the optimal antenna selection receiver. Moreover, By using the function analysis method, the closed expressions of the system secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity were calculated and derived accurately. Furthermore, the asymptotic expressions of the UAV assisted relay system under the large SNR cases were analyzed in detail, where the expressions of secrecy diversity order and secrecy diversity gain of the UAV assisted relay cognitive system were obtained thoroughly. Simulation results verified the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism and the correctness of the calculation.


Some improved upper and lower bounds are given for the excess of Hadamard matrices. The excess of orthogonal designs is defined and discussed.


Airborne spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) by infectious aerosol is all but certain. However, easily implemented approaches to assess the actual environmental threat are currently unavailable. We present a simple approach with the potential to rapidly provide information about the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in the atmosphere at any location. We used a portable dehumidifier as a readily available and affordable tool to collect airborne virus in the condensate. The dehumidifiers were deployed in selected locations of a hospital ward with patients reporting flu‐like symptoms which could possibly be due to COVID‐19 over three separate periods of one week. Samples were analyzed frequently for both virus envelope protein and SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA. In several samples across separate deployments, condensate from dehumidifiers tested positive for the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens as confirmed using two independent assays. RNA was detected, but not attributable to SARS‐CoV‐2. We verified the ability of the dehumidifier to rapidly collect aerosolized sodium chloride. Our results point to a facile pool testing method to sample air in any location in the world and assess the presence and concentration of an infectious agent to obtain quantitative risk assessment of exposure, designate zones as "hot spots" and minimize the need for individual testing which may often be time consuming, expensive, and laborious.


X-ray emission spectroscopy was used to establish the valency of Cu in the superconducting (La1-xBax)2CuO4±y (LBCO) system. Samples were prepared by both solid-state diffusion and coprecipitation methods. It was observed that diffusion is faster and mixing is more intimate in the coprecipitated sample. A definite shift in the Cu K emission was also observed in samples such as CuO, La2CuO4 and LBCO. It was observed that the valency of copper in the LBCO system is equal to or greater than 2. Further, Ba has been found to play a major role in the emission process. The La emission spectra remained the same for all the samples studied. SEM and XRD studies indicated the presence of a two-phase structure of the compound.


This article discusses the purpose of this issue and announces that this is the final issue of "Performance and Spirituality."


Based on the historical review of the poetic proposition,"Adversity reverals genius",this article points oue that this proposition associates with the experience and the values of Chinese traditional shih,so it has gotten extensive attention.And then,all these are deeply interpreted from the angles of cultural meaning,subjective personality,and poetic figures.


Globalization and demand for twenty first century skills has led countries to adapt Competency Based Curriculum (CBC). Kenya embarked on curriculum reforms from content based to CBC in 2018. Studies have reported minimal use of CBC teaching-learning approaches in pre-primary schools in Nairobi City County. Teachers are the key implementers of the Curriculum, yet their preparedness to implement the Curriculum in public pre-primary schools remains unknown. Therefore, this study purposed to establish the preparedness of pre-primary school teachers in implementing the CBC in public pre-primary schools in the County. The Concern-Based Adoption Model by Hall, Hord and Rutherford (2006) was used in this study.  The study targeted a population of 900 comprising of 450 pre-primary school teachers, 225 ECD Center Managers and 225 head teachers in all the 225 public pre-primary schools in Nairobi City County. Twenty percent of the target population was sampled to participate in the study; therefore the study had a sample size of 180, which comprised of 45 head teachers, 45 center managers and 90 pre-primary school teachers. A Questionnaire, interview schedules, observation checklist and a document analysis guide were used to collect data. Pilot study was conducted in two public pre-primary schools in the County, validity of the research instruments was determined through expert judgment whereas reliability of the questionnaires was determined through split-half method and a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.799 was obtained. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically whereas quantitative data was summarized using percentages and frequencies and Chi-square test was used to test the hypotheses. This was facilitated by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 21. Findings showed that majority (65.9%) of the teachers had not received any training on CBC, whereas 34.1% of the teachers were trained. The study established a significant relationship between the teachers' extent of training in CBC and their ability to implement the curriculum with a significance value of p=0.000<0.05. The study concluded that the teachers were not adequately prepared to implement the Curriculum. Thus, recommended that the Ministry of Education in collaboration with the Nairobi City County Government should adequately create a regular in-service training program to equip teachers with necessary knowledge and skills that will help them implement the curriculum effectively.


In Senegal, the management of the ageing is multidimensional. The percentage of elderly benefiting from a social security cover does not overtake 10 %. The politics operated by the Senegalese government for the care of the old population are in its infancy. We analyze here the do-it-yourself of the medicals, the militancy of the actors concerned by the problem of the ageing through a national and international network. The interweaving of the institutional, family solidarities, intra and intergenerational shows the complexity of the question of the ageing in this country is caugth between convivance and survivance like Marc Abeles define them.


The supercritical fluid extraction column system was designed, and its fluid mechanical characteristics and mass transfer properties were studied. The fluid mechanical model and the mass transfer model were tested by using the system of supercritical carbon dioxide-isopropyl alcohol-water, and the system of supercritical carbon dioxide-ethyl alcohol-water in the supercritical filler extraction column, the orifice extraction column, and the spray extraction column. The calculated results agreed approximately with the experiments.


Don't worry. And when someone says Don't worry, don't wonder if you're worrying enough and about the right things. Don't worry that your headache is really brain cancer and you'll look terrible without your hair. When your flight is canceled or delayed, don't assume that you aren't meant to travel, that where you are is where you'll have to stay. Don't doubleand triple-check your purse, fingers feeling for your wallet as nimbly as a pickpocket's. Don't worry about pickpockets, their dying art.


The recent UCC video sector possesses an explosive potential for growth as it will act as a critical factor in determining the popularity of portal sites. We identified and compared the strengths and weaknesses in the UCC sector of "Naver" and "Daum", which are currently in the development phase, and we investigated alternatives as well as proposing an outlook for both portal companies. We believe a better UCC video service will be the deciding factor in a portal`s popularity and therefore researches in the UCC video sector must continue.


The Bevano river flows into the northern Adriatic Sea in a microtidal-low energy wave environment. The river mouth was diverted artificially in 2006 to contrast dune erosion and decrease inland river flooding. The intervention can be considered as a low impact one as the engineering works were constructed in timber and the possibility of the inlet naturally changing its course was contemplated. An ensemble of hydraulic/morphological scenarios was simulated using data from field surveys and a coupled numerical model. The aim of the modeling was to understand the morphological changes caused by extreme hydro-meteorological events and the relationships between the inlet and the adjacent beaches. Additionally, the probability of a second inlet opening either by overwashing or river breaching was another important topic considered for management purposes. The modeling found that, a second inlet can actually be opened under a 30 year flood occurring without any significant wave action. For other conditions, the current inlet will be the main source of water escape at sea. Finally, the modeling results confirmed the dominance of the ebb tide in creating a small ebb delta/swash bar, with many similarities with other inlets exposed to a larger tidal range. Currently the management strategy by competent authorities is a minimum maintenance option, with yearly repairs of the timber structures.


ABSTRACT Neural development is controlled at multiple levels to orchestrate appropriate choices of cell fate and differentiation. Although more attention has been paid to the roles of neural-restricted factors, broadly expressed factors can have compelling impacts on tissue-specific development. Here, we describe in vivo conditional knockout analyses of murine Ars2, which has mostly been studied as a general RNA-processing factor in yeast and cultured cells. Ars2 protein expression is regulated during neural lineage progression, and is required for embryonic neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation. In addition, Ars2 null NSCs can still transition into post-mitotic neurons, but fail to undergo terminal differentiation. Similarly, adult-specific deletion of Ars2 compromises hippocampal neurogenesis and results in specific behavioral defects. To broaden evidence for Ars2 as a chromatin regulator in neural development, we generated Ars2 ChIP-seq data. Notably, Ars2 preferentially occupies DNA enhancers in NSCs, where it colocalizes broadly with NSC regulator SOX2. Ars2 association with chromatin is markedly reduced following NSC differentiation. Altogether, Ars2 is an essential neural regulator that interacts dynamically with DNA and controls neural lineage development. Summary: This study describes roles for the RNA processing factor Ars2 in diverse aspects of mammalian neurogenesis, and reveals its broad role as a chromatin factor in this context.


The yellow (λmax 440nm.) azodye ligand 2-(Sulfapyridine azo )-4,5Diphenyl Imidazole (L) forms a stable red (λmax 480nm.), orange (λmax 480nm.) and red-violet (μmax 500nm.) color complexes with divalent cations cobalt, nickel and copper respectively, with stoichiometry of all 1:2 ( M:L ). The complexes were characterized by FT-IR, M.P., visible, molar conductivity and atomic absorption spectroscopic. The suitable pH values for forming complexes are 11, 9 and 12 respectively. With molar absorptivity coefficients 4.2, 3.5 and 3.0 10 4 l.mole -1 .cm -1 respectively. And obeyness of Beer"s law up to 8.1 ppm of Co, 8.1 ppm of Ni and 7.6 ppm of Cu. The optimum conditions of the formation of complexes were investigated and their stability formation constants were determined by using of corresponding solutions method. The chemical formula of their complexes were suggested.


The digestion of silicon-containing waste with ammonium hydrofluoride (NH4HF2) was carried out by two methods: sintering and hydrochemical, followed by the production of amorphous silica and functional materials based on it. The tailings of wet magnetic separation and red mud were used in the work. Synthesis of highly dispersed amorphous silica (SiO2) was carried out by hydrolytic precipitation with ammonia from fluorosilicate solution. SiO2 was used to produce cobalt silicate and aluminate with a reduced amount of cobalt.


An experimental introduction of kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) into Lake Huron from egg stocks obtained from British Columbia and several western states of the United States began in 1964. From 1964 to 1969, about 5.5 million kokanee (eggs, fry, and fingerlings) were planted. Estimated minimum returns of adults were 9000, 1200, and 4000 in 1967, 1968, and 1969, respectively. Although most of the returns were recorded near planting sites, substantial numbers moved into other areas, in some instances spawning in streams that were not planted. Apparently, most kokanee matured in their 3rd year of life (2+) and their lengths ranged from 18 to 49 cm.The incidence of lamprey marks on adults was light (1.6% of 4472 examined) but frequencies of marks tended to increase as fish size increased — from 0.5% for 28–32 cm fish to 16.7% for fish over 40 cm long.Successful stream spawning in 1967 was indicated by the retrieval of live eggs and alevins from redds and the capture of downstream migrant fry. Shore spawn...


The dynamic reliability of offshore platform within its life cycle was analyzed. Three dynamic reliability models in consideration of fracture failure, corrosion failure and both of them were proposed. The dynamic fatigue reliability to platform system was investigated. The corresponding assessment methods and the relative formulae were given. The investigated example illustrated the validation of the proposed method. A new method to prediction of fatigue stress of offshore platform was proposed by combining the spectral method with the time domain method. The new method possesses the advantages of less computation work and more simple application.


[Objective] To analyze HIV/AIDS epidemic characteristics in Shandong Province,provide scientific basis for controlling the transmission of HIV/AIDS.[Methods]According to the data of surveillance reports on HIV/AIDS from 1992 to 2005,Execl database was established and statistical analysis of data were performed with SPSS 11.5 software.[Results]All modes of transmission were found in Shandong Province from 1992 to 2005.But before 1995,the cases were mostly being transmitted through sex.From 1996 to 2003,the cases were primarily former commercial blood and plasma donors and were infected through blood/blood products.Since 2004,floating population and females from other provinces accounted for significant proportion of people with HIV/AIDS(sex,blood and mother-infant transmission).[Conclusion]HIV/AIDS is still on the rise in Shandong Province.More HIV infected cases were found in the female population.The situation is rigorous and effective measures should be taken to prevent and control HIV/AIDS epidemic.


In future 5G wireless networks, inter-cell interference (ICI) is perceived as one of the most critical performance bottlenecks. Traditionally, the interference is treated as an additional source of noise, recent advances in information theory show that interference is not necessarily an opponent, but might be decoded and cancelled to obtain a larger capacity region. In this paper, a sparse code multiple access (SCMA) based uplink ICI cancellation technique is proposed to enhance the performance of the cell-edge users by jointly decoding the desired signal and the interference signal at the base stations. Unlike the orthogonal transmission schemes such as fractional frequency reuse in 4G, the proposed non-orthogonal SCMA-based scheme allows several cell-edge users to share the same time-frequency resource blocks (RBs). The sparse codewords are designed to make each user spread its data on a small set of RBs to achieve frequency and interference diversity, and make the near-optimal detection feasible with moderate complexity through iterative message passing algorithm (MPA). Then an open-loop MIMO transmission scheme which combines SCMA with Alamouti code is proposed to achieve full space-time-frequency diversity. Simulation results show that when there is no correlation among resource blocks and the antenna configuration is 1×1, the proposed SCMA-based scheme has about 2dB gain for uplink cell-edge users in multi-cell scenario compared with the FFR-based ICI coordination scheme in LTE networks. The gain becomes larger when combined with the existing MIMO technique. In addition, the SCMA-based scheme is also proved to be more robust to the burst interference.


The compatibility of rubber and hydrophilic components can be enhanced by adding some appropriate compatibilizers in blending water swelling rubber(WSR),and it can improve the applied properties of WSR,such as water absorption,mechanical properties,durability,etc.The current situation in research of compatibilizer in blending WSR at home and abroad are reviewed in this paper.


Aspects of the present disclosure includes a light source and for evaluating the alignment of the flow stream of the method and system. According to certain embodiments of the method comprising: detecting a first vertical axis and the second optical signal along an optical signal stream flowing light irradiation; and calculating a difference between the first optical signal and the second optical signal evaluating the amplitude of the signal light source so that the alignment of the flow stream. Also describes a system for practicing the subject methods.


The present disclosure provides an electron emitter. The electron emitter includes a carbon nanotube pipe. One end of the carbon nanotube pipe has a plurality of carbon nanotube peaks. The present disclosure also provides an electron emission element. The electron emission element comprises a conductive base and a carbon nanotube pipe. The carbon nanotube pipe includes a first end electrically connected with the conductive base and a second end opposite to the first end. The second end defines an opening and includes a plurality of tapered carbon nanotube bundles located around the opening.


Since 1999, symptom-based diagnostic criteria have been established for the classification of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children. According to these Rome-II criteria, lower functional gastrointestinal disorders can be divided in children with abdominal pain, such as functional abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome and functional defecation disorders such as chronic non-specific diarrhoea, functional constipation and functional faecal retention and non-retentive faecal soiling. In children with functional disorders, no structural or biochemical abnormalities can be found. Uncertainty exists, however, concerning the possible role of immunologic or inflammatory involvement in the different functional entities. In children with ages ranging from 2 to 17 years with abdominal pain, diarrhoea, weight loss and eosinophilia in their intestinal biopsies, symptoms disappeared after a leukotriene selective antagonist was administered, suggesting allergic involvement (1). In a systemic review, Lucassen et al. showed that in children with infantile colic, only a hypoallergenic diet had a proven effect on symptoms (2). Until now, the involvement of allergy in older children with chronic abdominal pain is unclear. Until now, no studies involving children with functional abdominal pain have shown upregulation of chemokines or interleukins. Moreover, no studies showed the involvement of immunoglobulins in these children. However, new microbiologic techniques showed a close correlation between abdominal pain and parasites (3). Dientamoeba gracilis, Blastocystis hominis and Giardiasis are more frequently detected as a cause of chronic abdominal pain and chronic diarrhoea. Treatment of the different parasites in the majority of patients has a curative effect on symptoms (4). The immunologic and inflammatory investigations in all three have not shown any involvement nor response. In adults and children with irritable bowel syndrome, a decrease threshold for distension (visceral hypersensitivity) is believed to be an important mechanism. Different pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed such as hypersensitive lumbar splanchnic afferents, altered central perception demonstrated by aberrant regional cerebral activation or mast cells releasing potent mediators that alter enteric nerve and smooth muscle function (5,6). In contrast, children with functional abdominal pain showed no visceral hypersensitivity to rectal balloon distension (5). In a recent long-term follow-up study in children with chronic functional constipation we and others showed that in approximately 60 percent of the childrens' symptoms start in the first 6 months of life (7). In some babies, an acute episode of constipation may occur associated with a change in diet (i.e., human to cow's milk). Only recently, Iacono et al. showed in a double-blind crossover study in children with constipation that anal fissures, perianal erythema or oedema and pain with defecation resolved after a change from cow's milk formula to soy based feeding (8). These children were more likely to have evidence of inflammation in their rectal biopsies and signs of hypersensitivity, although contested as evidence, on IgE antibodies to cow's milk. In children with cow's milk allergy, endocytosis of intact proteins is increased and transcellular flux of intact and degraded proteins is enhanced in the acute phase but returns to normal after several month of an exclusion diet. During food hypersensitivity the intestinal secretion of electrolytes is increased due to mast-cell activation, responsible for electrogenic chloride secretion, induced by mediators like histamine. By adding Beta-lactoglobulin to the luminal side in intestinal-biopsies mounted in Ussing chambers an increased short circuit current is observed with a concomitant chloride secretion. Furthermore it was shown that TNFis present in large quantities in faeces of these children (9). It was speculated that TNFdecreased epithelial resistance and enhanced transcellular protein transport in the hypersensitivity phase on allergen feeding. This observation was confirmed in five children with cow's milk allergy and gastrointestinal symptoms in duodenal biopsies with an increased permeability for horseradish peroxidase-protein and a histamine-mediated secretory response (10). Another correlation between immunology and constipation is frequently found in children with Celiac Disease. The rectal mucosa shows identical immunologic responses compared to the jejunal mucosa (11). Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Dr. J. A. Taminiau, Academic Medical Center, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, G8-217, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Fax: 020-6917735 (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com). Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 39:S758–S759 © June 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia


Temporal networks are essential for modeling and understanding systems whose behavior varies in time, from social interactions to biological systems. Often, however, real-world data are prohibitively expensive to collect in a large scale or unshareable due to privacy concerns. A promising way to bypass the problem consists in generating arbitrarily large and anonymized synthetic graphs with the properties of real-world networks, namely `surrogate networks'. Until now, the generation of realistic surrogate temporal networks has remained an open problem, due to the difficulty of capturing both the temporal and topological properties of the input network, as well as their correlations, in a scalable model. Here, we propose a novel and simple method for generating surrogate temporal networks. Our method decomposes the input network into star-like structures evolving in time. Then those structures are used as building blocks to generate a surrogate temporal network. Our model vastly outperforms current methods across multiple examples of temporal networks in terms of both topological and dynamical similarity. We further show that beyond generating realistic interaction patterns, our method is able to capture intrinsic temporal periodicity of temporal networks, all with an execution time lower than competing methods by multiple orders of magnitude. The simplicity of our algorithm makes it easily interpretable, extendable and algorithmically scalable.


The present study aimed at achieving a modified replication of Fromkin's studies (1970 , 1972) by testing the following hypotheses: Subjects who would receive extreme similarity feedback would (a) feel a stronger negative mood, (b) more strongly desire to be different , and (c) more strongly prefer novel or scarce experiences and commodities to familiar or plentiful ones, as compared to subjects who received moderate similarity feedback . The subjects received bogus test results describing them as either moderately or extremely similar to other participants who had taken the same test. After receiving the feedback, they had a chance to report their mood, desire to be different, and preferences for " psychedelic " experiences and commodities that were systematically manipulated to be high or low in novelty and unavailability . Hypotheses (a) and (b) were confirmed, but Hypothesis (c) was not supported despite the successful novelty and scarcity manipulations. The significance of the present modification in the manipulation of similarity feedback was discussed in terms of explaining the inconsistency of results between the previous studies and the present research.


Road obstacle detection is the core of pedestrian safety. As an effective image object detection method, Hough transform can detect straight lines, circles, ellipses, parabolas, and many other analytical graphics. This paper mainly detects bar deceleration strips and round well covers, owing to obvious linear features. Therefore, randomized Hough transform is applied to detect roadblocks to ensure pedestrian safety, improving the detection efficiency compared to the classical Hough transform in this article. Keywordshough transform; randomized hough transform; road obstacle detection


Aiming at the characteristics of low cost and complex influencing factors of CNC machine tool failure data sample collection, a combination prediction model based on gray prediction and support vector machine is proposed, use Python and MATLAB software to predict the time between failures of CNC machine tools in the SVM model and the GM(1,1) model, respectively, and obtain the predicted time between failures, use the standard deviation method to determine the weight of the combined model, and establish GM(1,1)-SVM combined prediction model, the accuracy and practicability of the combined forecasting model are verified through examples. The results show that the prediction of the combined model is higher than that of the single model and the results are reliable, the combined model provides a theoretical basis for the CNC machine tool users and maintenance personnel to maintain it in advance, and has guiding value for the reliability prediction.


The motivation for this research is to further theory on the development of artificial intelligence systems that function as "team players" in dynamic fault management applications. One challenge is effectively supporting the practitioner in understanding the assessments and actions of the intelligent system. The typical expert system approach to explanations is not well suited to the cognitive demands of dynamic fault management. In order to gain insight into effective cooperative interaction in dynamic fault management, we have undertaken a field of study of practitioners in one such domain, anesthesiology. We analyze the findings using the theoretical framework of a common ground and common frame of reference.


In a Round-table Forum prior to the POWER-GEN `94 conference, several panels of experts concentrated on electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) and fabric filters (FF) for treating the flue gases produced by electric generating plants. One almost unanimous view came out in the final question-and-answer session when panelists presented a somewhat opposite view and admitted there were still many uncertainties in ESP design. But they disagreed on how to deal with the uncertainties, including what voltages, currents, flows, and electrode spacings and shapes to use.


We have been investigating a superconducting fault current limiter (FCL), in which YBCO superconducting thin films with Au-Ag alloy shunt layers are used. The ability of the films to withstand high electric fields (> 40 Vpeak/cm) enables the total length of FCL elements to be reduced, thus greatly reducing the cost of FCLs. In this paper, we report the temperature characteristics of Au-Ag/YBCO composite films with sapphire substrates. Temperature of the film was estimated as average temperature from voltage and current in the films during the over-current period of 0.1 s using the relation between their resistance and temperature. The effect of thickness of the substrate was examined. Temperature data were analysed with the relation between the maximum temperature and joule heating during the over-current period. Data on recovery time are also shown.


Gevork Hartoonian: I would like to start from your book, White Walls, where you have discussed design in analogy to storytelling. This raises couple of questions. First, the gap between discourse and building: 1 am concerned about your deliberate avoidance of discussing buildings or the physicality of architecture, and yet you tacitly apply the physicality of text, grammar and the rules of the text. What is so significant about the text, and why this shift from building to text?


The regulation of gene expression is important for the development of living cells and their responses to environmental conditions. This mechanism is controlled, to a large extend, by transcription factors that bind to regulatory sequences, such as enhancers. The identification of enhancers is therefore important for understanding the regulatory networks within cells. In this paper, we propose new features and kernels that can be used with support vector machine (SVM) classifiers to predict enhancers from genomic sequences. These are based on general sequence features and kernels but are extended to incorporate the information about the distance between the features, thus can better capture the spatial preferences and combinatorial binding rules of transcription factors. Experiments on predicting enhancers in human and Caenorhabditis elegans show that, by combining the proposed features and kernels with SVM, our method achieves state-of-the-art accuracy and outperforms a leading enhancer prediction method.


Within the relativistic Dirac-Brueckner approach we discuss the properties of highly-energetic nucleons and deltas in dense nuclear matter. The effective NN and N..delta.. interactions are constructed in a fully self-consistent way and reproduce all known properties of nuclear matter. We calculate the nucleon self-energy and the density-dependent effective NN and N..delta.. cross sections in a nuclear medium. Results show a sizable reduction of the ..delta.. (pion) production cross section and important changes in the ..delta.. absorption cross sections.


Transmitter diversity has been studied extensively as a technique for combating channel fading in mobile wireless communications, especially when receiver diversity is expensive or impractical. In this paper, three subspace-tracking channel estimation algorithms for OFDM systems with transmitter diversity are proposed, and their performances are compared. Because the fading channel has slow-varying delays and fast-varying amplitudes, the noise effect in the channel estimation can be partially eliminated by tracking delay subspace and amplitudes of the channel. In three approaches, the last one has the lowest computation complexity and the best performance, the first one has a little high complexity and the worst performance, and the second one has the highest complexity for its DFT and IDFT operations. Simulation results show that one to two decibels benefits can be obtained by subspace and amplitudes tracking.


At present, the new-economy originated in America is rapidly sweeping over the world at the uncommon speed. The new-economy requires the new style organizational structure, internet organization (IO) is just the model which is suitable for the new-economy's need. This paper introduces the organization and the definition of IO, and analyses its characteristic, superiority and difference from virtual organization.


An image forming apparatus which includes a record ing sheet storage unit disposed within a main body and a feeder for feeding recording sheets from the recording sheet storage unit. Further included is a detector which emits a signal beginning an automatic loading of the recording sheet storage unit into the main body after manual placement of the storage unit at a predetermined position, and the unloading of the recording sheet stor age device when such is desired. Further included is a second detector which detects the fully loaded position of the recording sheet storage device, as well as a con veyor for conveying the storage device to the fully loaded position when loaded, and removing the storage device therefrom during unloading.


In order to remain competitive with respect to low-cost overseas markets, domestic moldmakers will have to increase the productivity of their engineers and maintain high quality standard, while dealing with the problem of an aging workforce. To increase the competitiveness of the European automotive industry, the concept of and Integrated Design and Engineering Environment (IDEE) has been developed within the 6th framework European project Pegasus - Integrated engineering processing & materials technologies for the European sector. The IDEE consists of a distributed set of software applications able to accelerate the design process of plastic injection molds by means of process automation and multidisciplinary optimization techniques. The IDEE combines into a single user-friendly platform different technologies ranging from Knowledge Management (KM) and Knowledge-Based Engineering (KBE) to Process Integration and Automation (PI&A). Central to the IDEE framework is a KBE application, which consists of a fully parametric rule-based mold product model. On the basis of the geometry of the plastic part to be molded and other (user) inputs, the KBE application can automatically produce different mold configurations and variants. In this way, product knowledge is leveraged to automate the repetitive and therefore time-consuming CAD modelling activities typically encountered in industry. Next to the mold geometry, the KBE application is able to generate different reports that serve as input to in-house developed or commercially-of-the-shelf CAE applications, like Autodesk® Moldflow® Synergy. The resulting software framework enables the simulation and analysis of the injection molding process, from which important performance characteristics can be retrieved. Other disciplinary applications are used to assess the cost and the environmental impact of the molding process and tooling. All the IDEE software applications are provided as web services on remote servers according to the Software as a Service (SaaS) paradigm. Noesis's Optimus software has been used to link them into a seamless framework, control their execution and support all data exchange in an automated fashion over the internet. The scope of this paper is to describe the architecture and main functionalities of the IDEE and provide the results of studies performed on representative plastic parts for the automotive industry. It is demonstrated how the IDEE can enable multidisciplinary optimization of the injection molding process and find solutions that best balance manufacturing performance and product quality. By means of the IDEE many concepts and customized variants can be quickly generated and evaluated in terms of hours or days instead of weeks or months, thereby supporting a more efficient development of innovative and complex parts. The reliability of the evaluation is enhanced by the early use of computer-based simulations in the design process, and the success rate of the overall component increased because of the more disciplines included in the evaluation (tooling design, material processing, cost, environmental impact). The IDEE can help the designer to virtually prototype and analyze the product and, eventually, support the "first-time-right" design principle.


Technical problem of the invention is to provide a generally improved as the transition of the oxygen-absorbing metal catalyst added which is also excellent in oxygen-absorbing, and excellent physical properties after oxygen absorption of the oxygen-absorbing multilayer film without addition, by this packaging materials formed of the multilayer film, and the packaging container obtained by forming the packaging material. Means for Solving the Problems that the oxygen-absorbing multilayer film, packaging material composed of the multilayer film, and the packaging material into the packaging container obtained, wherein the oxygen-absorbing multilayer film of the gas barrier material layer , an oxygen absorbent layer and a sealant layer laminated in order, characterized in that the oxygen absorber layer contains an oxygen absorber layers of all the constituent components of less than 50% by weight of the conjugated diene polymer cyclized product.


The densities of aqueous MnCl/sub 2/ Mn(ClO/sub 4/)/sub 2/, CoCl/sub 2/, Co(ClO/sub 4/)/sub 2/, FeCl/sub 2/, and Fe(ClO/sub 4/)/sub 2/ solutions have been measured from 15 to 55 {sup 0}C over the concentration range 0-3.5 m. The derived apparent molal volumes have been fitted to a Redlich-Meyer equation to obtain phi/sub v//sup 0/ and to the Pitzer formalism for the whole concentration range. The conventional ionic values for Mn/sup 2+/, Co/sup 2+/, and Fe/sup 2+/ are calculated and their temperature dependence is examined.


FIELD: transport. SUBSTANCE: set of inventions relates to direct drive hoist and to drilling rig. The direct drive hoist contains electric motor with constant magnets, shaft passing from the mentioned motor so that the motor directly rotates the shaft, and drum connected to the shaft at a distance from the motor so that shaft rotation causes corresponding drum rotation, herewith, the mentioned motor contains housing, stator located in the housing and rotor interacting with the stator, herewith, the rotor is connected to or interconnected with the shaft, herewith, the rotor has drive plate connected to it. And the shaft is directly attached to drive plate. Drilling rig includes rig, pulley supported by the rig, wire rope passing through the pulley and having an end passing downwards from the pulley, casing block connected with wire rope end, drum located adjacent to lower part of the rig where the wire rope passes around the drum, shaft attached to the drum and passing outwards from it, and electric motor with constant magnets which motor accepts the shaft inside itself and is intended to impart rotational force to the shaft to rotate drum in order to wind or unwind wire rope where the mentioned motor contains housing, stator located in the mentioned housing and rotor interacting with the stator where the shaft is attached to or interconnected with the shaft, herewith, the stator has multiple windings mutually spaced on the inner surface of the stator, herewith, the rotor is ring-shaped element and has multiple constant magnets mutually spaced along rotor peripheral, herewith, the rotor has drive plate attached to it, herewith, the shaft is directly attached to the drive plate. EFFECT: decrease in weight and energy consumption, increase in energy efficiency and specific power. 15 cl, 7 dwg


Satellite navigation signals may be affected by ionospheric anomalies such as ionospheric scintillation and ionospheric storms. These anomalies will lead to fluctuations and delays of signals, and thus affecting the performance of satellite navigation service. How to evaluate the performance of satellite navigation service under the influence of ionospheric anomaly is one of the key issues to ensure the safety of satellite navigation aviation service. To solve this problem, the simulation of satellite navigation signals under scintillation and the performance evaluation of positioning service are studied in this paper. Firstly, the scintillation sequence is simulated based on Cornell model. Then, the influence of scintillation on satellite signal parameters is modeled and a generation approach of intermediate frequency satellite navigation signals under scintillation is proposed. Finally, the performance indicators of normal signal and scintillating signal are quantitatively analyzed by solving the navigation parameters and evaluating the performance indicators of the receiver. Simulation results show that the ionospheric scintillation affects the satellite navigation service performance, with reference to the standard specification requirements. Performance of satellite navigation positioning service is severely affected even only one satellite signal is affected by a common moderate scintillation level.


The nonlinear conjugate gradient (NLCG) algorithm is one of the popular linearized methods used to solve the frequency-domain electromagnetic (EM) geophysical inverse problem. During NLCG iterations, the model gradient guides the searching direction while the line-search algorithm determines the step length of each iteration. Normally, the line search requires solving the corresponding forward problem a few times. Since line search is usually computationally inefficient, we introduce the adaptive gradient descent (AGD) algorithm to accelerate solving the frequency-domain EM inverse problem within the linearized framework. The AGD algorithm is a variant of the classical gradient descent method and has been well-developed and widely used in deep learning. Rather than the time-consuming line search, its core idea is to algebraically manipulate the cumulative gradients and updates of the model from previous iterations to estimate the model parameter variables at the current iteration. For the inversion of magnetotelluric (MT) data, we here designed and implemented a framework using the AGD algorithm combined with the cool-down scheme to tune the regularization parameter. To improve the convergence performance of the AGD algorithm [specifying to Adam and root-mean-square propagation (RMSProp)], we proposed a tolerance strategy which has been tested numerically. To optimize the global learning rate, we carried out some comparative trials in the proposed inversion framework. The inverted results of synthetic and real-world data showed that both the AGD algorithms (Adam and RMSProp) can recover comparable results and save more than a third of CPU time compared with the NLCG algorithm.


Although it has been shown that cosmic ray neutrons play an important role in soft error (SE) phenomena, some important issues in neutron-induced SE phenomena are still to be clarified. In this paper, neutron-induced multiple-bit SEs in 16 Mb DRAMs are investigated numerically using the Neutron-Induced Soft Error Simulator (NISES), and simulated results are compared to experimental data. Scaling effects on multiple-bit SEs, effects of configuration patterns on double-bit SE rates, and the influence of multiple-bit SEs on an error correction code are discussed.


ABSTRACTA microwave unit for drying lines of water base ink which are deposited on a sheet of paper backed by a metallic drum is described. The dryer is a necessary component of a precision printer for digital graphics applications.


The constructivism teaching models represented by anchored instruction have attracted extensive attention and application in today's medical education domain.The core of these teaching models regards students as the center of the teaching activity.Under teachers' guidance,by situation creating and coordinated learning,the construction of new konwledge is accomplished by students' own abilities,then the outcome of teaching process is assessed.The clinical medicine teaching model guided by constructivism theory can stimulate students' initiative in learning and benefit the cultivation of their innovative ability.


Background : Increased apoptosis provides a continuous source autoantigens and has been suggested to have a pathogenic role in SLE. We have previously shown patients with SLE have impaired clearance of apoptotic bodies. In this study, we evaluated whether anti-beta2GPI antibodies, a subset of antiphospholipid antibodies, may have an effect on the phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies by macrophages in these patients. Methodology : Patients satisfying the 1982 revised ACR criteria for SLE and normal controls were recruited for study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated into neutrophils and monocytes by double gradient centrifugation. Neutrophils were left to undergo spontaneous apoptosis while macrophages were derived from monocytes growing in culture medium. Apoptotic neutrophils were fed to macrophages from SLE patients or normal controls with or without beta2GPI (100 _g/ml) in the presence or absence of goat anti-human beta2 GPI antibodies (10 _g/ml) and examined for the number of macrophages with ingested apoptotic neutrophils under light microscopy (phagocytic index). Results : beta2GPI alone was not shown to increase phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages (33.2 + 9.5% vs. 31.8 + 9.4%, p =0.67). However, the addition of anti-beta2GPI antibodies enhanced macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils from 31.8 + 9.4% to 49.7 + 6.8% in SLE patients ( p =0.03). Anti-beta2GPI alone had no effects on the macrophage phagocytosis index. Anti-beta2GPI antibodies plus beta2GPI were also found to facilitate phagocytosis in normal controls but the changes did not reach statistical significance (51.1 + 14.8% vs. 25.7 + 12.6%, p =0.07). Fcgamma receptor blockade by mouse immunoglobulin IgG1 (50 ?g/ml) did not reverse the facilitation in phagocytosis by anti-beta2GPI antibodies (49.7 + 6.8% vs. 37.1 + 20.4%) ( p =0.47). Conclusion : Anti-beta2GPI antibodies significantly enhance phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages in patients with SLE. This process is dependent on the presence of beta2GPI and the uptake is not mediated by Fcgamma receptor on the surface of macrophages. doses of corticosteroid equivalent to prednisolone > 15mg daily. The outcome of these 2 groups of patients was followed for recurrence of TB. A chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: There were 652 patients in the cohort. The mean + SD (range) age of patients at the time of study was 44.6 + 11.3 (22-78) years and the age at onset of SLE was 32.4 + 12.1 (13-71) years. The mean duration of disease of these patients was 14.2 + 7.4 (median 13.0; range 1-31) years. 101 episodes of TB from 84 patients were identified. The female to male ratio was 76:8. 44 episodes were prophylactically treated with INAH while 57 episodes were not. The rates of recurrence of TB in the chemoprophylaxis and non-chemoprophylaxis groups were 1.56 and 1.51 per 100-patient-year after 13.1 + 7.6 and 10.4 + 5.8 years of follow up respectively (p=0.61). However, extrapulmonary TB has higher preponderance for recurrence than pulmonary TB (0.89 and 2.82 per 100-patient-year respectively). Patients in the chemoprophylaxis group were also found to have a higher rate of relapse of SLE (0.26 + 0.26/patient-year) and had higher cumulative dose of corticosteroid than those in the non-chemoprophylaxis group (0.15 + 0.23/patient-year) (p=0.01). A further case-control analysis were therefore carried out matching 30 prophylactic INAH treated and 30 non-INAH treated episodes for these 3 factors. No difference in the rates of recurrence of TB could be detected between these 2 groups (1.55 and 2.17 per 100-patient-year for chemoprophylaxis and non-chemoprophylaxis groups respectively) (p=0.73).


Lattice Filter type planar lightwave circuits on silica on silicon have been developed for the use in PMD and Residual chromatic dispersion compensation schemes at 40 Gbit/s. A five stage MZI-filter allowed to cover a dispersion range of 145 ps/nm and the compensation of several channels within a wavelength band of 14 nm. PMD mitigation of higher order has been demonstrated using a lattice filter with integrated Polarisation Beam Splitter.


Objective To observe the effect of continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin(CSII) on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods 70 cases with T2DM were divided randomly into CSII group(n=38) and multiple subcutaneous infusion of insulin(MSII) group(n=32),receiving intensive insulin therapy.Results Comparison with MSII group,the insulin doses necessary to maintain adequate blood glucose in CSII group were less,with a shorter treatment time and lower hypoglycaemia incidence(P0.01).Conclusion At present,CSII is more ideal method of intensive glycemic control for T2DM.


A dynamic recursive algorithm of RBF network center vector is proposed, and a recursive least squares algorithm for linking weight between linear layers of RBF network is introduced. The superheat degree in an evaporator is identified on line by using this algorithm. Meanwhile, the influence of the network structure and the change of the parameters in the algorithm on the precision is studied, also. The simulation results show that the algorithm can be used in on line control with fast speed and high accuracy of identification.


Caatinga is one of the Brazilian biomes where the highest degradation rates are recorded. It is associated mainly to the removal of vegetation for energy production and practice of subsistence agriculture, causing interference in nutrient cycling. The aim of the study was to quantify and chemically analyze litter deposition in a fragment of Caatinga, located in the municipality of Pombal, Paraiba (PB) state. It was collected monthly for 12 months, and separated into different fractions (leaves, reproductive structures, branches and miscellaneous), all litter deposited on collectors of 1.0 m2, distributed systematically. The nutrients analyzed were N, P, K, Ca and Mg. The annual litter was of 3785.67 kg ha -1 , predominantly composed of leaf fraction with 70.2%, followed by the fraction reproductive structures with 18.3%. The nutrient content in the leaf litter followed the order Ca> N> K> Mg> P. The nutrient content in the fractions vary according to time and there is evidence of their relationship with the rainfall. The deposition of litter coincided with the seasonal period of Caatinga.


In the intense x-ray radiation environment at synchrotron sources, it is reported that the performance of the silicon pixel detectors degrades with an increasing x-ray dose up to 10 MGy. To study the impact of x-ray irradiation effects in the n-Fz Si microstrip detector, the microscopic radiation damage parameters of x-ray radiation were extracted from the current–voltage, and capacitance-voltage experiments on test Si microstrip detector. The damage parameters are implemented in Synopsys TCAD. In this paper, we have irradiated the test structure up to 10 MGy, and the results on full depletion voltage, and leakage current are compared with the TCAD simulation results. A very good agreement in between experimental and simulation results is observed in the leakage current for the non-irradiated, and 1 MGy irradiated detectors, where for high doses up to 10 MGy, experimental leakage current was fifty times higher than the simulated leakage current at full depletion voltage. The full depletion voltage in 0 MGy detector is also well matched with the simulation result, and further, it shows the full depletion voltage performance of x-ray irradiated detector. Finally, the new detector design specifications and process parameters are proposed for the optimum performance of the radiation hard p+n Si pixel detector equipped with guard rigs at cut edge for the next generation photon science applications.


The description relates to a process for making a contact with a basic body of good electrically conductive material (first material) and a contact layer of less electrically conductive material (second material) which is resistant to arc burning, in which the contact layer has a sintered structure soaked with the material of the basic body. The basic body and the sintered structure are applied one on the other in a cup-like mould, heated therein to above the melting point of the first material but still below that of the second, so that the first material melts and penetrates the sintered structure. Here the sintered structure can be produced by scattering the second material in powder form on the first and first sintering in a degassing process below the melting point of the first material. It is also possible to produce the sintered structure beforehand and lay a green compact on the basic body.


Nuclear data related to the fission process are needed for a wide variety of research areas, including fundamental science, nuclear energy and non-proliferation. While some of the relevant data have been measured to the required accuracies there are still many aspects of fission that need further investigation. One such aspect is how Total Kinetic Energy (TKE), fragment yields, angular distributions and other fission observables depend on excitation energy of the fissioning system. Another question is the correlation between mass, charge and energy of fission fragments. At the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) we are studying neutron-induced fission at incident energies from thermal up to hundreds of MeV using the Lujan Center and Weapons Neutron Research (WNR) facilities. Advanced instruments such as SPIDER (time-of-flight and kinetic energy spectrometer), the NIFFTE Time Projection Chamber (TPC), and Frisch grid Ionization Chambers (FGIC) are used to investigate the properties of fission fragments, and some important results for the major actinides have been obtained.


The diagnosis of head and orofacial pain (OFP) is confounded by the proximity between the relevant structures: The eyes, nose, ears, mouth (teeth, tongue), paranasal sinuses, the brain and associated tissues. The shared innervation and blood supply, the trigeminovascular system, suggests that pains from this region are part of the same fabric. Not loosely related, but an intimately woven system with intricate, overlapping pain pathophysiologies, symptomatology and referral patterns. Yet, while closer collaboration will enhance diagnosis and management, the professions dealing with head and face pain remain relatively isolated. It is taking far too many of us, far too long to correctly diagnose some of our patients with facial pain (1). One of the major underlying factors driving misdiagnosis is consistently ''location''. To emphasize this point, primary pains with features that are reminiscent of migraine or cluster headache occurring exclusively in the lower two-thirds of the face and intraorally have been well documented. Pain location may be driving consultation choices, skewing who is seeing these ''atypical'' patients. Our patients know where it hurts . . .but not where the ''hurt'' originates from. Understanding that the source of pain may not equate with pain location is our purview; our responsibility. As a result, far too many patients with atypicallylocated migraines (2,3), cluster headaches (4), or other trigeminal autonomic cephalgias (5) suffer from misdiagnosis by those involved in their care, including primary physicians and dentists, neurologists, and otolaryngologists. Regional myofascial pain (one of the temporomandibular disorders [TMDs]) has complex head, face and intraoral referral patterns that cause widespread misdiagnosis. To clarify, OFP is no rarity and affects around a quarter of the general population, with about 10% being chronic (6). Painful TMDs are quite prevalent, affecting 4.6% of the population (6.3% in women, 2.8% in men) (7). Add to that the unclear number of oral and facial presentations of other primary headaches such as migraine (8). We therefore need an updated and integrated classification that defines the individual sources of pain in the oral, facial and head region. Such a classification would allow the multi-professional team involved in the management of our patients in pain a resource for accurate diagnosis. The International Classification for Headache Disorders (9) is the best and most comprehensive system I know of, but for oral and facial pain it is lacking. There have been changes within ICHD-3 that draw attention to some of the facial presentations of primary headaches. Are these sufficient? In view of the continuing diagnostic difficulties, and the need to increasingly involve professions such as otolaryngology and dentistry, we believe there should be more focused sub-classifications for these entities. To make ICHD-3 better, we need the TMDs and other orofacial pains to be individually recognized and included, and more stress placed on facial variants of primary headaches. While these are technically all headaches, we must address the need for a more comprehensive description of pains in the lower two-thirds of the head. This classification would form the basis for improved education of relevant healthcare professionals and hopefully improved diagnosis. There is widespread commitment to the integration of oral, facial and head pains. The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) has recently approved a renamed special interest group (SIG): The OroFacial and Head Pain (OFHP) SIG. It is as revolutionary as it is completely logical. This group will complement the International Headache Society (IHS) with the distinctive scientific resources the IASP has to offer. Together with the IHS, the American Academy of OFP and the International Network for Orofacial Pain and Related Disorders Methodology (previously the International RDC-TMD Consortium Network), the


A finite element code to simulate the forward and Inverse induced polarization response to 2-D model was developed. The "Fractal Model to Complex Resistivity" was applied as intrinsic electrical property of the medium. The simulations were carry out in five different frequencies. To each frequency we carry out the inversion of the complex resistivity. After, to each cell of the finite element mesh, we carry out the fractal model parameters inversion to analyze the possibility of using the fractal model parameters image in the qualitative and quantitative interpretation of the induced polarization response to this geological geometry. The results showed that the contaminations of the medium by organic contaminants are well detected by the image of the fractal model parameters.


We report the study of spontaneous magnetization (i.e., spin polarization) for time-reversal-symmetry-breaking (TRS-breaking) superconductors with unitary pairing potentials, in the absence of external magnetic fields or Zeeman fields. Spin-singlet (${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{s}$) and spin-triplet (${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{t}$) pairings can coexist in superconductors whose crystal structures lack inversion symmetry. The TRS can be spontaneously broken once a relative phase of $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\ensuremath{\pi}/2$ is developed, forming a TRS-breaking unitary pairing state (${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{s}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}i{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{t}$). We demonstrate that such unitary pairing could give rise to spontaneous spin polarization with the help of spin-orbit coupling. Our result provides an alternative explanation for the TRS breaking, beyond the current understanding of such phenomena in the noncentrosymmetric superconductors. The experimental results of ${\mathrm{Zr}}_{3}\mathrm{Ir}$ and CaPtAs are also discussed in view of our theory.


(2.2.2-Cryptand)(perchlorato-O,O')lead(II) perchlorate [Pb(2.2.2-Crypt)(ClO) 4 )] + . ClO - 4 is synthesized and studied by X-ray diffraction. The crystals are monoclinic: space group P2 1 /c, a = 10.242 A, b = 18.592 A, c= 14.465 A, β = 97.35°, Z = 4. The structure is solved by direct methods and refined by the full-matrix least-squares method in the anisotropic approximation to R = 0.032 for all 4055 independent reflections (CAD4 automated diffractometer, λCuK α ). The structure contains individual host-guest complexes and disordered ClO - 4 anions. The Pb 2 + cation is located in the cavity of the 2.2.2-cryptand ligand and is coordinated by all eight heteroatoms (6O + 2N) and two O atoms of the ClO - 4 anion. The coordination polyhedron of the Pb 4 + cation (coordination number 10) is a strongly distorted hexagonal bipyramid with a base of six atoms (40 + 2N) of the cryptand ligand and two split axial vertices: one vertex contains two O atoms of the ClO - 4 anion, and two O atoms of the cryptand ligand are located at the other vertex.


Subject of research in the publication is a steel column with a square cross section with registered not-developing, end, cross-symmetric crack with different extent of penetration and different location longwise the column, which is loaded with, concentrated centrally applied force in the free, border cross section. Determined are the values of the critical force through a direct method of stability analysis of one-dimensional tasks. The area of the column that contains the cross section with a registered crack is being shaped through a torsion spring, as the elements of the matrix for its stiffness are determined through the theorem of Castiglano and the methods of the linear fracture mechanics. The impact of the location and the extent of the penetration of a registered crack on the value of the critical force has been proved. A coefficient of sensitiveness has been entered to the registered cross-symmetric crack for the researched steel column through which the complex impact of the location and the extent of penetration on the value of the critical force is calculated.


Duality schism of the custom law and national law all bodies on the Chinese and Foreign legal system, the kind schism plants the root in the of relatively separation of society and nation. Even though, under the condition of total target is consistent, there also exists a kind of interaction relation of the custom law national law.


Through I436 polls for doctoral students in four colleges and universities,this paper dicussed doctoral training status from four aspects of the individual characteristics,study and living conditions,the guidance of instructors,current training system,found that the current process of cultivating doctoral students' shortcomings are: lacking of training funds,the treatment of doctoral students' life was low,the guidance of instructors was too simple, the admission system and school system were not flexibility enough.Therefour,doctoral training should reform correspondingly.


The potential applications enabled by unattended small wireless sensor devices, capable of collecting information from the environment and organizing themselves in an ad hoc manner to relay data to a remote observer, have motivated the research work presented in this thesis dissertation. Wireless sensor network (WSN) applications can range from military, surveillance and emergency response to health care, traffic control, and vital body conditions monitoring. In addition, the recent development of low-cost wireless multimedia hardware has enabled the integration of multimedia capabilities into WSNs. The research of wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) is a relatively new field and it is envisioned that it will enhance several existing classes of WSN applications and motivate the development of new and ambitious ones. In this thesis dissertation, we focus upon the design and performance evaluation of a suite of protocols for wireless multimedia sensor networks: data routing in wireless sensor networks and interactive multimedia streaming in a wireless multimedia sensor networks. To this end, we propose the design of low-latency and reliable routing protocols for WSNs that aim simplicity and efficiency, and we propose and evaluate a hybrid mobile data gathering protocol for WSNs that should not only reduce data delivery latency, but also contribute to alleviating the bottleneck problem at static data aggregation points. We also propose a suite of protocols that enable interactive multimedia streaming over wireless multimedia sensor networks for thin mobile devices. We present our protocols, discuss their implementation, and report on their performance evaluation based on an extensive set of simulation experiments.


INTRODUCTION: Mandibular squamous cell carcinoma has been defined as the carcinoma found in the mandibular alveolar ridge, lower buccal sulcus, sublingual sulcus or mandibular retromolar trigone region. Lesions in these areas often involve destruction of the mandible. The prevalence of mandibular bone invasion has ranged from 12 to 56%. Mandibular destruction is recognized as one of the most important prognostic factors. The prognosis of such lesions is usually poor with nearly 70% recurrence at the primary site, ultimately resulting in death. However, the mechanisms by which oral squamous cell carcinoma grows in and destroys the bone are poorly understood. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is a member of the CCN (for CTGF, Cyr61, Nov) protein family, which is characterized by sequence homology and the conservation of 38 cysteine residues among its members. Previously, CCN2 was found to be critically involved in MDA231 breast cancer cells osteolytic metastasis and was induced by parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) (1). However, how the CCN2 gene expression is associated with bone resorption in oral squamous cell carcinoma of the mandibular region has not been resolved. In the present study CCN2 production and distribution in the lesions of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the mandibular region were investigated to clarify whether up-regulation of CCN2 was associated with increased bone destruction and various clinicopathological features of patients with those tumors. Furthermore, the effect of CCN2 on osteoclast formation was investigated in vitro. METHODS: Patient data. The study population included 20 patients, 11 men and 9 women, with oral squamous cell carcinoma of the mandibular region. Classification of bone destruction. The histological pattern was classified into one of two patterns, erosive or invasive pattern, on the basis of modified classifications of tumor spread in the mandible (2). Quantification of CCN2 in tissue sections. The degree of primary antibody reactivity on individual tissue sections was scored semiquantitatively. The staining intensity was evaluated visually and each specimen was assigned to one of the following categories: weak, moderate intensity or strong intensity. CCN2 protein. Recombinant human CCN2 protein (rCCN2) in a phosphate buffer was purified from the conditioned medium of CCN2 gene-transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Osteoclastogenesis assay. Bone marrow cells were isolated from 5week-old male C57BL/6 mice and the cells were cultured in αMEM with 10 ng/ml soluble recombinant human receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in the presence or absence of 100 ng/ml CCN2 for 6 days until typical multinucleate cells were observed. The cells were then fixed and stained for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and TRAP-positive cells containing 3 nuclei were counted as osteoclasts under microscopic examination. RESULTS: Histological analysis. CCN2 was abundantly produced by the tumor cells that had invaded the bone matrix and CCN2 was also present in the osteoclasts at the destroyed bone/tumor cell interface. Relationship between histological classification and CCN2 expression. Seventeen out of the 20 cases of mandible squamous cell carcinoma (85.0%) showed weak to strong intensity of CCN2 immunoreactivity (Table I). No CCN2 expression was detected in three of the erosive pattern cases. Effect of CCN2 on osteoclastogenesis in vitro. When the mouse total bone marrow cells were cultured with vehicle or 100 ng/ml rCCN2 only, TRAP-positive osteoclast-like cells did not appear. When the cells were cultured with 100 ng/ml rCCN2 in the presence of 10 ng/ml RANKL, the formation of TRAP-positive osteoclast-like cells was significantly enhanced compared with the RANKL treated control group. DISCUSSION: CCN2 can be a diagnostic marker and potential target for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma-induced destruction of the mandible. Further investigation on the molecular mechanisms of CCN2 responsible for mandibular destruction is crucial to our goal of finding an effective therapy for bone-destructive oral squamous cell carcinoma. REFERENCES: (1) Shimo T, Kubota S, Yoshioka N, Ibaragi S, Isowa S, Eguchi T, Sasaki A, Takigawa M 2006 Pathogenic role of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) in osteolytic metastasis of breast cancer. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 21(7):1045-1059. (2) Brown JS, Griffith JF, Phelps PD and Browne RM 1994 A comparison of different imaging modalities and direct inspection after periosteal stripping in predicting the invasion of the mandible by oral squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 32: 347-359.


Title An exploration of the views of adults with Asperger syndrome/high functioning autism in relation to independent living Author(s) Coogan, Gillian Publication date 2014-05-06 Original citation Coogan, G. (2014) An exploration of the views of adults with Asperger syndrome/high functioning autism in relation to independent living. Cork: Community-Academic Research Links, University College Cork. Type of publication Report Link to publisher's version https://www.ucc.ie/en/scishop/rr/ Access to the full text of the published version may require a subscription. Rights ©2014, Gillian Coogan. Item downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10468/8726


Those readers concerned with the role and long term prospects of the scientist in our society must have found Dr E. Rudd's article 'Knowledge and ignorance on the brain drain' (Physics Bulletin, January 1969, p. 13) of considerable interest. A point of particular significance was that Dr Rudd was unable to find any convincing evidence of a shortage of scientists in Britain.


In recent years, Instant Messaging (IM) has become one of the most growing online communities, reaching millions of users at home and at work worldwide. As the community expands, assuming more than one identity at the same time becomes a common behaviour of IM users. This paper reports our ongoing research on support for multiple concurrent identities (MCI's). Our study used an online survey and face-to-face interviews to identify user needs in supporting MCI's in IM. The study has identified five themes including single nickname, multiple avatars, multiple statuses, boundary control and interoperability. Reflecting on these themes, we propose a framework of MCI support in IM.


IN November, 1916, Mr. B. S. York, of Ann Arbor, brought to me a "singing " house mouse that had been captured in his home. This mouse had been heard by members of his family for several weeks, especially late at night and early in the morning. Arrangements were made to carry on breeding experiments with it but it lived only two weeks. Singing mice have been recorded in a number of publications dating back many years. In 1912 Coburn' reported some work he had done with a female singer captured in December, 1911. This individual when. mated with an ordinary mouse gave birth to five litters (thirty-three young). None of these were singers and no singers appeared in either the second or third generations. Two other singing mice were described by Coburn in 1913.2 One was caught in the home of an Italian family in November, 1912, and the other was taken by a farmer in Michigan in March, 1913. Both of these were females. The Ann Arbor specimen that was brought o me also proved on dissection to be a female. Her song was similar to that reported by Coburn as follows:


Based on Chinese Zhongyong Philosophy,the essay has put forward a brand new structure of Management Science,which is called as Zhongyong Management Science,by considering the globalization trend and combination of the West with China.Five Major parts are included in the essay.Firstly,What is Zhongyong theory?Secondly,Harmonious point of view is the core of Zhongyong theory.Thirdly, Letting nature take its own course is the methodology of Zhongyong Management Science,which should be supported by culture and laws in the meantime.Fourthly,Management theories of the West are tending to combine with Chinese traditional culture.The fact has added the value of our Zhongyong Management Science.Fifthly,there are nine factors in our Zhongyong Manage Science:truth,heaven,earth,people, laws,methods,position,state of affairs and knowledge.


The effects of fungus Metarhizium anisopliae in free-living stages of nematodes (Strongylidae: Cyathostominae) were evaluate as a potencial aid to reduce the number of larvae in culture of horse feces. Metarhizium anisopliae cultured in rice, contained 1,3 X 108 conidia per gram, were added to culture of feces containing nematode eggs, in two treatment groups with different concentrations (l,3X108 e 1,3X106 conidia per gram of feces). The cultures were maintained at temperature of ± 30°C and 90% of relative umidity. After fiftheen days the cultured larvae were recovered, counted and identified. In the treated groups it was observed a reduction of the larval number, when compared with the control group. The reduction of 55.4 to 85.1% demonstrated a possibility of the use of this fungus as an alternativo control method for nematodes.


This paper describes a framework development using system engineering concept for various space launch vehicles to assist engineers during mission design process. This design framework integrates many different functions and capabilities: data mining for estimation and optimization of initial values, data analysis of each module, sequential optimization of each module, entire optimization of all modules, and geometric 3D modeling of final configuration of target space launch vehicle. Furthermore, the tool was designed to accept and save input values from users, and run the optimization after being prepared. Alternatively, the user can load and run system-default values to know how exactly the framework works. The design framework was developed using a high-level technical computing language and interactive environment of MATLAB and 3D modeling using CATIA v5. With this space launch framework, the mission design for the rocket system targeted on the 700 x 700 km circular orbit has been successfully performed to demonstrate the efficiency of the framework.


The static biossays were performed to determine lethal concentration (LC50) values of four heavy metals (Cd++, Cr+++. Cu++. and Zn++) of spotted brown shrimp (Penaeus brasiliensis) The test animals were collected from the Laguna of Restinga, Nueva Esparto, and were acclimated in the laboratory condition for 11-21 days. Temperature and salinity were 22 oC and 36 ppt, respectively. The LC50 values (mg/l) determined by probability-logarithm transformation were as follows-cadmium: 38 (24 -h), 21 (48 -h), and 12 (60 -h);chromium:40 (48 -h), 23 (60 -h), 13 (86 -h), and 10 (96 -h); copper: 24 (48 -h), 19 (60 -h), 16 (72 -h), 14 (86 -h), and 10 (144 -h); and zinc: 69 (24 -h), 25 (36 -h), 15 (48 -h) and 8 (60 -h). The LC50 values of 48 -h and 60 -h indicate that the most toxic heavy metals to P. brasiliensis in order are zinc, cadmium, copper, and chromium.


71-year-old man, a smoker who had no history of peripheral vas cular or cardiac disease experienced sudden excruciating pain in the left an terolateral thigh and numbness radiat ing to the lateral aspect of his knee. The pain was intensified by minimal move ment of the hip and knee. Examination revealed a large expansile epigastric mass. Left femoral and popliteal pulses were absent. Sensation to his left an terolateral thigh was decreased as was quadriceps strength and the knee jerk reflex. Infusion abdominal computed tomography (Fig. 1) showed a large in frarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm, 11 cm in anteroposterior and transverse dimensions, with expansion to the left iliac fossa, lateral deviation of the psoas muscle and erosion of the fourth lum bar vertebral body. At operation, an in flammatory aneurysm was resected and reconstituted with a bifurcated Dacron graft. Extensive thrombus was re moved from the left iliac fossa, and chronic erosion of the lumbar vertebrae was confirmed. Eight weeks after dis charge, the patient was hospitalized briefly with new-onset atrial fibrillation. His thigh pain and numbness had im proved markedly and he was walking with only minor difficulty.


Strand proximity and self-crossing that occur intrinsically in the relaxed forms of toroidal DNA are utilized unprecedentedly in our investigations for creating catenated DNA rings. In addition, our current studies show that the geometrical shapes of our newly obtained catenated DNA circles as well as their topological arrangements are vividly visible under atomic force microscopic examination.


The use of a phase-locked loop in grid-forming converter control is controversially discussed, as it implies a time delay to the converter's response to grid disturbances. In literature, slowing down the PLL dynamics to create a retarded measured voltage and current phasor is discussed to virtually resemble synchronous generators' inherent inertia. In this case study, the influence of the PLL time constant is investigated in a simple medium-voltage testbench with the standard cascaded control and the direct voltage control concept. The frequency, active power, direct and quadrature current of the converter-based generator are evaluated for different PLL time constants following an active power mismatch. The results show that slowing down the PLL has a small impact on the current and power infeed of both control concepts. However, results of the standard cascaded and the direct voltage control are similar and a general advantage of the slower PLL cannot be concluded in this case study.


The present study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of Arbutin (ARB) against isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats by studying cardiac and hepatic markers, antioxidant defense system, lipid peroxidation products and histopathological changes. Rats were pretreated with ARB (25 and 50 mg/kg BW) for 21 days. After pretreatment, ISO (60 mg/kg BW) was administered subcutaneously into the rats at an interval of 24 h for 2consecutive days to induce MI. In the present study ISO-induced myocardial damage was indicated by the increased heart weight to body weight ratio and the increased activity of marker enzymes such as CK, CK-MB, ALT, AST, LDH, and the elevated levels of troponin T and I in the serum. In addition, the levels of lipid peroxidation products such as TBARS, CDs, and LHPs were significantly increased in the plasma and heart tissue of ISO rats. Activities of enzymic antioxidants such as SOD, CAT, GPx, GST and the non-enzymic antioxidants like vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced glutathione (GSH) were decreased in the erythrocytes, plasma and heart tissues of the ISOadministered rats. Histopathological observations substantiate with the biochemical parameters. The 50 mg/kg BW of ARB was more pronounced than the 25 mg/kg BW and brought back all the above parameters to near normal. ARB ameliorates myocardial damage caused by ISO in rats and provides cardioprotective effect by scavenging the free radicals, restoring the endogenous antioxidants, preserving histopathology of the myocardium and by improving the cardiac function. INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are globally considered as the leading cause of mortality an estimated that 29 percent of deaths worldwide (17.9 million deaths) were due to CVDs. By 2030 more than 23.3 million people will die annually from CVDs (WHO, 2017) 1 . QUICK RESPONSE CODE DOI: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.11(3).1433-43 This article can be accessed online on www.ijpsr.com DOI link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.11(3).1433-43 CVDs are also the leading cause of death in India and it causes 3 million deaths per year, accounting for 25% of all mortality. Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the main causes of death from CVDs, and it is accountable for 7.9 million deaths out of 17.9 due to CVDs 2 . Among the CVDs, myocardial infarction (MI) is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in the developed world and most of the developing countries. MI is an acute condition of necrosis of myocardium that occurs as a result of an imbalance between coronary blood supplies to any part of the heart, resulting in the death of cardiac tissue (myocardial necrosis).


Introduction Schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) demonstrate impaired functional connectivity (FC) between brain regions, involved in executive functions and language. However, as most studies compare patients to healthy controls, the specificity of these findings either for schizophrenia in general or for AVH is unclear. Objectives We aimed to compare whole-brain resting-state FC of main language brain regions between schizophrenia patients with and without history of AVH and healthy controls. Methods Schizophrenia male patients with (n=31; mean age 29,8±11,6) or without history of AVH (n=16; 29±12,4) and 39 healthy male controls (30±8,9) underwent resting-state fMRI on 3T Philips scanner. No between-group differences in age, illness duration, and severity of clinical symptoms except AVH were revealed. Regions of interest (ROIs) were taken from the independent fMRI study with conventional language localizer and included left inferior frontal gyrus (l_IFG) and superior temporal gyri (STG) bilaterally. Whole-brain FC of each ROI was compared between groups (ANCOVA; p<.005 voxelwise; p(FDR)<.017 clusterwise, corrected for number of ROIs) with post hoc tests. Results Decreased FC between each STG (left and right) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was revealed in all patients, compared to healthy controls. Patients with history of AVH, compared to other groups, showed decreased FC between l_IFG and ACC. Conclusions Disrupted fronto-temporal FC is non-specific for AVH and characterizes all schizophrenia patients. Patients with history of AVH have impaired FC between the l_IFG, underlying language production, and ACC, involved in differentiation between language production and comprehension. The study was supported by RFBR grant 18-013-01214. Conflict of interest The study was supported by RFBR grant 18-013-01214.


A system that uses the susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed (SEIR) model and some methods to predict COVID-19 (SARS-Cov-2) trajectory of the pandemic which is currently prevalent. This paper reports on how to estimate the optimal parameters of the SEIR model, which can predict the pandemics of infectious diseases.


Commentary on: LeesKRBluhmkiEvon KummerR.; ECASS, ATLANTIS, NINDS and EPITHET rt-PA Study Group. Time to treatment with intravenous alteplase and outcome in stroke: an updated pooled analysis of ECASS, ATLANTIS, NINDS, and EPITHET trials. Lancet 2010;375:1695–703.