Establishing Securities market will bring great changes to capital market and accounting.discuss some influence of securities market on accounting information disclosure,accounting measurement,financial management and auditing of certified public accountant.


This paper is the first to present an implementation of a cryptographic circuit in 28nm FD-SOI using near-threshold design. The implemented cipher, Ketje Jr, is a lightweight authenticated encryption algorithm. The energy consumption of representative authenticated encryption operations as well as the information leakage through the power consumption side-channel are evaluated. The results show that an ultra-low energy implementation can be achieved, and that the near-threshold design has little influence on the Signal to Noise Ratio in the power measurements of our chip.


Abstract This study investigated the impact of literacy influences and perceived reading ability on the self-rated health (SRH) of 244 middle school students. Five literacy influences and reading ability independent variables resulted in moderate to substantial test-retest reliability [Kappas 46.6 to 63.8] over a two-week period. SRH served as the dependent variable. Students were significantly more likely to report poorer SRH (effect sizes ranged from .26 to .78) if they reported difficulty reading the survey, did not like reading, did not or were not sure if they saw a parent or caregiver reading during the past two days, or had not visited a public library or bookstore during the past year (p < .05), even after adjustment for socioeconomic status. Preliminary results help to quantify how early in life literacy influences and perceived reading ability may be associated with SRH.


This study aims to see whether there is an influence of learning motivation and learning creativity on student achievement in Islamic Religious Education subjects in State Madrasah Aliyah in Pekanbaru City. The research method uses quantitative research types using correlational analysis techniques. The population in this study were all State Madrasah Aliyah students in Pekanbaru City totaling 2,042 people. The sample in this study was taken by proportionate random sampling technique with the Slovin formula of 335 people. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire technique, the data collected was analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate the value of R2 (coefficient of determination) or R Square of 0.298 or 29.8%. This value can be interpreted that changes in student achievement by changes in the value of independent variables learning motivation and learning creativity by 29.8% while 70.2% is determined by changes in other factors. The tcount for the learning motivation variable is 8.126 with sig. 0,000 is smaller than 0.05, this means there is an influence of learning motivation on student achievement and the tcount for learning creativity variable is 7,326 with sig. 0,000 less than 0.05, this means that there is an influence of learning creativity on student achievement. It can be concluded that there is an influence between learning motivation and learning creativity on student achievement in Islamic Religious Education Subjects in State Madrasah Aliyah in Pekanbaru City.


Purpose: Writing performance can be improved in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) by providing the visual cues. This study aimed to investigate the changes in pen pressure, letter size, and writing speed as per levels of visual cues.Methods: Sixty-three participants (38 PD patients and 25 normal adults) performed tasks, including sentence writing along visual cue levels using a tablet personal computer, digital pen, and software that could measure the pen pressure, stroke length, and duration.Results: First, the PD group's pen pressure and letter size were improved when the visual cue was provided. Second, the effect of visual cues was shown more in the performance of 'writing within square blanks' than in the performance of 'copying' and 'writing between parallel lines'. Especially, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the letter size in 'writing within square blanks'.Conclusion: Despite movement disorders in PD patients, our findings suggest that pen pressure and letter size can be improved when the patients are provided visual cues. Our results indicate that providing visual cues hierarchically and objectively confirms changes in writing performance.


In spite of the progress realized in psychotherapeutic research, studies in the psychoanalytical approach are still scarce. The objective of this article is to present and to discuss the contribution of the concept of mental representation as an important construct to substantiate psychoanalytic research based on the identification of the elements associated with therapeutic change. First, concepts and psychoanalytic models are presented and after that the notion of mental representation is specifically discussed in relation to therapeutic change, particularly the object relation theory. Thus, the Object Relation Inventory is presented, an instrument designed to assess the quality of mental representations, evaluating changes along psychotherapy. Elements to improve clinical work and the development of research in psychoanalysis are presented.


This study investigates the impact of spiritual leadership on the decision-making process in Kuwaiti ministries. Also, this study adopted a quantitative analytical, and descriptive approach. The study relies on the strategy of a comprehensive survey of the study population, and it depends on the questionnaire as a main tool in collecting primary data. The survey is conducted on 322 employees in the Kuwaiti ministries. The data analysis uses the SPSS version 26. The results show that spiritual leadership dimensions, vision, altruistic love, calling, hope, and membership, have a significant impact on the decision-making process in the Kuwaiti ministries.


In this paper, we perform a series of high-resolution 3D simulations of an OMEGA-type inertial confinement fusion (ICF) capsule implosion with varying levels of initial long-wavelength asymmetries in order to establish the physical energy loss mechanism for observed yield degradation due to long-wavelength asymmetries in symcap (gas-filled capsule) implosions. These simulations demonstrate that, as the magnitude of the initial asymmetries is increased, shell kinetic energy is increasingly retained in the shell instead of being converted to fuel internal energy. This is caused by the displacement of fuel mass away from and shell material into the center of the implosion due to complex vortical flows seeded by the long-wavelength asymmetries. These flows are not fully turbulent, but demonstrate mode coupling through non-linear instability development during shell stagnation and late-time shock interactions with the shell interface. We quantify this effect by defining a separation lengthscale between the fue...


The article is devoted to the research of the enterprise's conflicts in the accounting and to the progressive methods of their solvation. The causal-aftereffective connections of the conflict in the accounting at all the stages of its development process are revealed. The internal audit's optimality for the system solvation of the contradictions between the sides of the accounting process is defined. The conflict's generation stage in the accounting, as the main object of the internal audit's preventive actions, is outlined. The economic practicability of the artificial intellect's instruments' usage (the artificial neuron networks and the machine training) for the efficiency of the internal audit's operation in the struggle with the conflicts in the accounting is grounded. The basic competences of the internal audit's workers for the operation with the artificial neuron networks and the machine training are formulated. The internal audit's method is improved, the efficiency of the conflicts' solvation in the accounting, due to the instruments of the artificial intellect, is increased. The usage order regulation's method of the artificial intellect's instruments in the internal audit's methods at the enterprise is offered.


The acoustics of Italian historical theatres is to be regarded as a cultural heritage, which is to be preserved and studied. These actions are imperative for handing down the heritage to future generations and to avoid its loss. In this paper, the technical means for scientific quantification of the acoustical heritage are presented in the form of operative guidelines for acoustical measurements inside historical theatres. The document includes the advice of international experts and is being employed during an extended measurement campaign inside renaissance and baroque historical theatres. A relevant part of the paper deals with the experimental validation of the recommendations given in the guidelines, achieved by a dedicated test session inside the Municipal Theatre of Ferrara.


The immense growth of the Internet which is accompanied by the emergence of new communication technologies, applications, and devices, results in the evolution from voice-centric toward data-centric optical networks. In this paper we overview some of the trends in optical packet networking and identify several related research problems. Our particular focus is on the network layer aspects of future optical networks.


The microabsorption of X-rays diffracted from planar granular powder specimens is caused by bulk porosity and surface roughness of the material. Methods of stochastic geometry are used to describe the geometrical characteristics of powder by volume fraction, mean chord length of powder particles, and density-density correlation function (covariance). Towards the surface of the specimen, the volume fraction of powder particles decays continuously from the bulk value to zero. Within the framework of the kinematic theory, analytical expressions are derived for both bulk and surface contributions to the microabsorption of symmetrically diffracted X-rays in randomly packed powder specimens with particles of irregular shape. Previous theoretical estimates and empirical formulae are discussed as limiting cases of the present more general results. Introduction The granular structure of powder specimens causes an angle-dependent contribution to the absorption of the incident and diffracted beams. This effect has been studied experimentally by de Wolff (1956) and by Suortti (1972; referred to as S) who measured the reduction of specimen fluorescence radiation due to granularity. Trucano & Batterman (1970) investigated the effect of porosity of amorphous powders, analysing diffuse scattering. Though the experimental results differ in some details, the intensity reduction due to granularity is described by a constant term proportional to volume fraction of pores, linear absorption coefficient, and mean chord length of particles, whereas the contribution of surface roughness is a smooth function of scattering angle. To our knowledge, the paper of S essentially represents the actual level of understanding of the effect of microabsorption. Previous theoretical work on X-ray absorption in powder specimens suffers from a fragmentary description of porosity and surface roughness. Harrison & Paskin (1964) analysed the case of an isolated cubic pore and estimated correction terms for a dilutely porous solid. Otto (1984) calculated numerically the absorption of a special two-dimensional 0108-7673/87/030401-05501.50 computer model, in which the grains of the powder are simulated by circles of equal diameter. He was able to reproduce the experimental results of S qualitatively. On the other hand, a quantitative correction of X-ray scattering from granular specimens is desirable in certain cases (e.g. Valvoda & Capcovfi, 1984). For these reasons, a refined analytical treatment of porosity and surface roughness seems to be useful. In the present paper, we calculate the kinematical X-ray power reflected from a plane powder sample. The powder sample is described by the very general and variable three-dimensional Boolean model that has been developed within the framework of stochastic geometry (Stoyan, 1979; Stoyan, Kendall & Mecke, 1986). Contrary to the models of Harrison & Paskin (1964) and Otto (1984), our theory is not restricted to powder particles of certain regular shape. We derive analytical expressions for the contribution of both bulk porosity and surface roughness to the absorption of X-ray power. The relation of our formulae to previous estimates is discussed. Numerical results are given for various values of parameters and are compared to the experimental curves after S. Structure model for powder We consider statistically isotropic irregularly packed powder specimens. Corresponding to the lines of the Boolean model, the structure of such types of specimens is characterized in the following way: points Pi = (x, Yi, z~) are distributed randomly in the threedimensional space. They are called germs. The number N(G) of germs in an arbitrary region G obeys a Poisson distribution. Further, a sequence of isotropic independent identically distributed bounded random close sets A1, A2, . . . is generated. The An are called primary grains. Now, at each germ Pi one sample A~ of the primary grains is placed. The union of all primary grains A~ situated at P~, or, in other words, that part of the space which is covered by one or by several primary grains, represents a random set A. In the present case, we use Poisson polyhedra as primary grains. A Poisson polyhedron is a typical mosaic stene of a random tessellation of space by random planes characterized by its mean width b. We use the complement A t of the random set A as a structure model © 1987 International Union of Crystallography 402 MICROABSORPTION IN RANDOMLY PACKED POWDER SPECIMENS for irregularly packed powder specimens (see Fig. 1). The mean chord length of A c is known (Stoyan, Kendall & Mecke, 1986); it will be related to the mean chord length of powder particles. This means that the pores of the specimens are described by the union of randomly distributed Poisson polyhedra. For the calculation of the absorption length of a ray reflected from the powder, an expression for the probability P of finding two points Q, Q' with distance r both belonging to A c will be necessary. This probability is given by the covariance C(r). Obviously, C(r ~O) = a and C ( r ~ o o ) = a 2 where a is the volume fraction of powder particles. For a Boolean model with Poisson polyhedra we have (Sonntag, Stoyan & Hermann, 1981) C(r )=a2exp[ ( l na )exp ( r / f l ) ] , fl=2b/3. (1) If a is sufficiently high (0.7 <~ a < 1), (1) can be expanded in terms of (1 a) and we obtain C ( r ) = a 2 + a ( 1 a ) e x p ( r / / 3 ) , (2) a simple type of correlation function that has been discussed already by Debye & Bueche (1949), but without a geometrical interpretation of/3. Whereas the bulk properties of the powder specimens are characterized by a, 13 and the covariance C(r), we describe the surface structure of the specimen by a = a ( z ) = ~ a o [ 1 e x p ( z ) ] , z>-O [0, otherwise (3) with z = t~ to, t is the coordinate perpendicular to the surface of the specimen (see Fig. 1). Parameter to characterizes the surface roughness and ao is the packing fraction of the bulk material. Absorption correction The absorption path length of a ray reflected from point Q depends on the scattering angle 0 and the ,o\


Bud primordia of Tussilago farfara L.inflorescence at various growth stages were used as experiment materials in this study.By means of paraffin sections,the morphological process of bud differentiation was observed by optical microscope.The results showed that inflorescence differentiation started in the early July and completed in the early October.The whole differentiation process could be divided into ten stages(phases): pre-differentiation,disc formation,inflorescence primordium differentiation,petal primordium differentiation of central flowers(tubiform florets),stamen primordium differentiation of central flowers,pistil primordium differentiation of central flowers,petal primordium differentiation of marginal flowers(ligulate flowers),pistil primordium differentiation of marginal flowers,pollen differentiation of central flowers,ovary and ovule differentiation.The relationship between bud differentiation and the growth period of T.farfara L.was also discussed.


Few studies have examined the influences of the participatory process in which individuals engage in as they work to improve the quality of lives in their communities. More specifically, our present investigation explored the relationship between various contextual factors that predict citizen participation in substance abuse prevention activities among a random sample of urban residents (n=283) who participated in a community-wide policing initiative in the Southwestern United States. A hypothesized path model was tested that included person (concerns with violence victimization and attributions of drug abuse), situation (perceived responsiveness to drug crime), and environment-related predictors (perceived neighbourhood incivilities and awareness of neighbourhood substance abuse problems) of citizen participation. Findings suggest that individuals who perceived higher levels of neighbourhood incivilities tended to have higher levels of participation in substance abuse prevention activities. Interestingly, however, individuals with greater perceived neighbourhood substance abuse problems also tended to perceive that police were less responsive to drug crime in their neighbourhoods. Program developers and public health practitioners should consider the individuals' perception of the neighbourhood environment on citizen participation and include activities designed to address public perception of police responsiveness to crime.


We prove the existence of general economic equilibrium under uncertainty when agents form econometric models of the relationship among their private information, prices, and the state of the environment. The functional form of each agent's model is specified in advance, with a finite number of parameters to be determined. Agents are then thought of as performing linear least squares estimation of the parameters. Equilibrium requires not only that markets clear, but also that each agent be using the vector of parameter values which, within a compact convex set of parameters, gives the least squares best fit to the data that is generated by the working of the economy when agents adhere to their models.


by pulverizing the parent bulk alloy and pressing at room temperature. The maximum were measured on specimens of about 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick sandwiched between copper discs contacts in zero magnetic fi eld. The magnetic properties were measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The temperature dependence of the magnetization M ( T ) was measured in a fi eld of 10 mT during cooling at a rate of 3 K min − 1 and the plotted magnetization values were normalized to magnetization at 50 K, M / M 50 K . The magnetization versus magnetic fi eld curves M ( H ) were corrected by the demagnetizing contribution (– NM ) . The entropy change Δ S was calculated from magnetization isotherms recorded during cooling by numerical integration of the Maxwell equation. This procedure ensures that at a given measurement temperature La(Fe,Si) 13 is paramagnetic in zero fi eld until the para- to ferromagnetic phase transition line is crossed. Note that in order to compare the magnetic properties of various materials the X-ray density and not the experimental mass density of the porous pellets was used in the Δ S calculation.


The technical level of industrial robots and manipulators is rapidly increasing, thus supporting the expansion of their application space. The requirements of the industry are various special manipulations with objects, guiding the end effector of the robot along the prescribed trajectory at a given speed while maintaining the angular position and orientation of the object. The paper presents a survey of a robot with a kinematic scheme formed by an open kinematic chain with revolute joints.


To develop a method for post-cordocentesis hemostasis with a diode laser equipment, the possibility that a diode laser irradiation may injure the intima of the umbilical vein was investigated. We obtained umbilical cords from 5 healthy pregnant women and cut them 2 cm long. Penetration depths in their tissues were calculated with an absorption spectrum on an absorptiometer and with the intensity of transmitted light on 805 nm diode laser irradiations (5W). Furthermore, we punctured the 2-cm long umbilical cords with a No. 20 gauge needle and applied diode lasers (5W ; 20s) to the outer surfaces or the punctured umbilical cords with a indocyanine green solution (0.1mg/ml). Consequently, the penetration depth averaged 1. 49 •}0. 634mm ( N=22) which was less than the the thickness of the thinnest portion of their tissues between the lumen of umbilical vein and the surface of the umbilical cord (1.7 •}0.37mrn:N=24). There were no changes on the intima of the umbilical veins when diode lasers were irradiated to the outer surfaces of the punctured umbilical cords ( N=7). Therefore, we do not believe this laser method for post-cordocentesis hemostasis injures the intima of the umbilical vein.


The current study aimed to evaluate the experimental vocational education; the study use the descriptive and analytical approach. A questionnaire was applied as a tool of study. The study sample consisted of 135 students; the study reached many results including, that students are satisfied with the professional education program. Also from the students' point of view, the program contributes to develop the skills and ideas of its enrolled students, and many successful experiences and stories of a number of those enrolled in the program emerged.


Phase-modulation holographic data storage is imaging on the Fourier plane, and the imaging quality has a great influence on phase retrieval. The iterative Fourier transform algorithm in the non-interference phase retrieval algorithm is widely used because of its simple and stable system. By adding embedded data to the phase encoding method, the number of iterations can be effectively reduced. However, the intensity of high-frequency information in Fourier intensity is weaker and more susceptible to noise. To solve this problem, this paper proposes to use embedded data to improve the intensity of high-frequency information in the Fourier intensity distribution, thereby improving noise immunity. In simulation, the convergence speed of BER (the bit error rate) is faster under the same number of iterations.


BODY COUNTS: The Vietnam War and Militarized Refuge(es). By Yen Le Espiritu. Oakland: University of California Press. 2014.In 2006, when Yen Le Espiritu published her seminal piece, "The 'We-Win-EvenWhen-We-Lose' Syndrome: U.S. Press Coverage of the Twenty-Fifth Anniversary of the 'Fall of Saigon'" in American Quarterly, she was at the cusp of the wave of important new scholarship in critical refugee studies. Body Counts represents not only a fuller extension of her work on the topic, but also a thorough elaboration of her deeper meditations about U.S. Empire and war for nearly two decades. A seasoned scholar of ethnic studies, Espiritu has produced numerous volumes on ethnic and immigrant experiences. This, however, is her first full-length exploration of refugees from Vietnam and she does it with commanding authority.As we approach the fortieth anniversary of the end of the Vietnam War, questions still linger as the United States engages in war in various parts of the Middle East. This timely and "explicitly interdisciplinary" book situates war within a complex web of empire, politics, militarism, and state policies that affect polities and populations. Her insistence on alternative ways to think about the history and memory of the Vietnam War powerfully reimagines remembrance by refugee subjects. Espiritu's feminist approach to illuminating "private grief and public commemoration" requires a methodology that engages in a "critical juxtaposing" of events, stories, and cultural practices that stitch together and make visible histories that were previously unexamined (21). Drawing from traditional and nontraditional sources such as her personal (often haunting) memories of the Vietnam War, oral interviews, archives, newspaper accounts, and sociological surveys, Body Counts pieces together what has been missing from dominant memories of the Vietnam War.Chapter One introduces readers to the field of critical refugee studies by discussing the significance of the title of the book. Espiritu poignantly flips what was commonly referred to as "body counts," a military practice of counting "confirmed kills" that connoted progress during the Vietnam War, to insist that Vietnamese bodies be counted and accounted for throughout her study. Espiritu argues that the figure of the Vietnamese refugee should function "not as an object of investigation but as a site of social critique" (3) that enables a theoretical unraveling of the refugee category. Scholars have historically dealt with refugee subjects as a "problem" to be resolved by the nation-state. …


Adrio Konig is a prolific author and has enriched dogmatics with a considerable number of stimulating studies. His latest book on anthropology is no exception on the rule. In this article I intend to supplv, firstly, a summary of the contents of the book, secondly, to make some general remarks, thirdly, to give a positive assessment and in the fourth place to embark on a critical evaluation. The most valuable contribution, in my view, is to be found in Konig's elucidating discussion of the concept to be like God. because with this concept we strike at the heart of the imago Dei.


Flux tubes are one of the most elementary systems of quantum chromo dynamics. They are the idealized configurations of heavy quark-antiquark pairs at large separation L such that the region between can be assumed to possess axial-cylindrical symmetry. They play a central role in lattice QCD calculations and in models of QCD, as well as in the phenomenology of QCD processes.


Helping or disadvantageous effect risk is estimated being that analysis and the main influencing factor describing,seeking every carrying out quantization on the risk factor arguing to know out are possible as well as the excursion may come into being to the construction project.Grow risk to systematic certain,must make it clear first that the probability queen,ability accordingly happening to that effect degree and small advantages that system produces is studied further,the rightness choosing handles this kind of the risk method.


The D'Ering Wildlife Sanctuary formerly known as Lali Sanctuary is located at Pasighat Forest Division, East Siang district, Arunachal Pradesh. It is one of the least faunistically explored area in India. So, special efforts were made to survey wildlife of the sanctuary during 2000-2001 and 2001-2002. The paper mainly deals with the vertebrate fauna i.e., mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fishes. Nevertheless special emphasis has been given on mammals and birds only. Very little information is available on some higher vertebrates of Arunachal Pradesh from the works of Jayaram and Majumder (1964), Ripley (1980), Saha (1982), Moll and Vijay (1986), and on faunal elements of Namdhapa Biosphere Reserve (Datta and Barman 1985, Sanyal and Gayen 1985, Saha 1985). In the present paper an attempt has been made to give an account of the vertebrate fauna with special reference to mammals and birds occurring in the D'Ering Wildlife Sanctuary area under report.


We prove two general and ready for use formulae relating variations of the summatory function P n ≤ x a n together with 12i π R κ +i T κ − i T F ( z ) x z d z/z , where F ( z ) = P n ≥ 1 a n /n z and κ is a parameter strictly larger than the abcissa of absolute convergence of F .


Results Patient ages ranged from 42-81. Average hospitalization was 2.9 days (1-7) and there were no major complications. Minor complications included two superficial wound infections (9%), ventral hernia in 1 (5%), and persistent urge incontinence in 1 (2%). No patient has recurrent stress incontinence at an average follow up of 13 months. There were no recurrences of prolapse, and there were no erosions. There were no incidences of graft infection, bowel injury, or need for transfusion.


Abstract : Since becoming fully operational, the Global Positioning System (GPS) has consistently proven itself to be an effective force enhancer to the U.S. military and its allies. However, because GPS satellites broadcast a signal freely available to the public, commercial applications of GPS outnumber those of the military by a wide margin and are now embedded in applications the original developers of GPS could never have imagined. Among these applications are those used in the United States' critical national infrastructure, which are becoming increasingly reliant on GPS at an alarming rate. Unfortunately, over-reliance on GPS for critical applications could leave us vulnerable to future asymmetric attacks. The danger stems from what is well understood in military circles: to function properly, GPS receivers must track low-power satellite signals which are very susceptible to jamming or other interference. This paper presents a Department of Defense GPS test perspective on civilian GPS vulnerabilities and potential impacts to critical infrastructure, as well as recommends action to mitigate vulnerability exploitation and help protect vital applications.


Methods to expand the PubMed subsets were put forward according to the limited PubMed subsets and the fact that some readers cannot limit the subset that hey major in at the time when they search PubMed,which can thus help readers majoring in different subjects to rapidly and accurately retrieve the literature they want.


In daily clinical practice, clinicians and otolaryngologists often confront with cerumen or earwax. Cerumen is formed by sebaceous glands and ceruminous glands at the outer one-third of the human external auditory canal and creates an acidic coat which aids in the prevention of infections of the external auditory canal. The cerumen forms a physiological barrier between the external environment and deeper part of the ear. The chemical composition of the cerumen has been thought to be of antibacterial and antifungal properties, although it is under controversy. Other than antibacterial and antifungal activities, it also protects the eardrum by acting as a physical barrier. Cerumen cleaning is not advisable unless it is causing symptoms such as otalgia or hearing loss. A large percentage of people believe in self-cleaning of the ear canal with different objects, which is really harmful, so they should be counseled against the habit of self-cleaning of the external auditory canal.


Introduction Diane Cole Ahl 1. Masaccio's Florence in perspective: crisis and discipline in a medieval society Anthony Mohlo 2. Masaccio's city: urbanism, architecture, and sculpture in early fifteenth-century Florence Gary M. Radke 3. Painting Masaccio's Florence Ellen Callmann 4. Collaboration in fifteenth-century art and the case of Masaccio and Masolino Perri Lee Roberts 5. Masaccio: technique in context Roberto Bellucci and Cecilia Frosinini 6. The altarpieces of Masaccio Dillian Gordon 7. Masaccio in the Brancacci chapel Diane Cole Ahl 8. Masaccio's Trinity: theological, social, and civic meanings Timothy Verdon 9. Masaccio and perspective in Italy in the fifteenth century J. V. Field 10. Masaccio's legacy Francis Ames-Lewis.


Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to predict the alloy yield in the RH furnace refining process, an alloy yield prediction model based on a sparrow search algorithm (SSA) optimized ELM neural network is proposed. Firstly, because the dimensions of input parameters are different, 11 input features are reduced by factor analysis (FA), and 5 input features are obtained. Then, through the sparrow search algorithm with fast convergence, high precision, and good stability, the input weight value and threshold of the ELM neural network are optimized, the SSA-ELM alloy yield prediction model is established, the alloy yield is predicted, and the off-line operation of the model is realized, which provides a theoretical basis for the prediction of alloy yield in the actual production process. Finally, by comparing the simulation results with the actual production data, it is found that the prediction results of the target element alloy yield predicted by the SSA-ELM are within the error range, and the prediction accuracy is higher than that of the ELM prediction model, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the model.


Multiple sclerosis (MS) is currently classified as a cell-mediated, autoimmune disease on the basis of genetic, immunological, experimental and epidemiological data.1 This widely accepted autoimmune model, in which the immune system is sensitized to myelin by external influences such as an infection, has recently been challenged by the observations that many persons with MS have a newly defined condition called chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI).2 CCSVI is characterized by impaired drainage of venous blood from the brain due to venous malformations. Such impairment can be detected by Doppler sonography with CCSVI being recognized as a condition in which two of five measured parameters of venous blood flow from the brain are anomalous.2, 3 Initial studies found that CCSVI exhibited a near 100% specificity and sensitivity for MS.2, 3 These findings led to a new, vascular model for MS.4 In this model, venous blockages lead to reflux of blood into the brain which in turn leads to upregulation of adhesion molecules on the blood-brain barrier (BBB), iron deposition, subsequent inflammation, and breeches of the BBB. The passage of blood products into the CNS initiates inflammation and neurodegeneration which drive the neurological deficits that characterizes MS. Notably, the CCSVI model can account for various, previously inexplicable features of multiple sclerosis such as neurodegeneration, venocentricity of lesions and the common presence of iron deposits.2, 4 Also, anecdotal findings of CCSVI in almost all MS patients evaluated for the condition (90%+) by clinicians in Poland, Jordan, and the USA, have added support to the model. A recent "Point of View" has challenged the model.5 Given that both the autoimmune model and the CCSVI model have robust data and theory to back them up, it may well be that both CCSVI and externally-driven, CNS autoimmunity are important contributors to MS. Recently released data from ongoing CCSVI studies at the University of Buffalo and at Georgetown University seem to favor an MS disease model which integrates both CCSVI and CNS autoimmunity. The University of Buffalo study, led by Dr Robert Zivadinov and Dr Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, is an attempt to replicate the findings of Zamboni's research.2, 3 The Buffalo researchers are using the same Doppler technology and measuring the same five blood flow parameters as the Zamboni team did in order to determine the presence or absence of CCSVI in 1 600 subjects (950 CDMS, 100 initial demyelinating event, 300 other CNS diseases and 350 healthy controls). The results of Phase 1, which involved 500 patients (280 CDMS, 161 HC, 59 others), were recently released to the press.6 Before discussing these results, it is important to discuss the results of another study which addresses a critical aspect of CCSVI. Vascular researchers under the leadership of Dr Byung-Boong Lee of Georgetown University studied the nature and origin of the types of venous malformations which constitute CCSVI.7, 8 A key finding of this work is that the venous malformations of CCSVI are of congenital origin and are not the product of post-birth, environmental insults or the MS disease process itself. This is a key constraint for any model involving CCSVI.


oscillations of various normal modes of the beam. The bottom graph shows initial measurements of the undulator 3rd harmonic taken under similar conditions during the commissioning of an ALS undulator. A marked increase in the spectral width of higher harmonics of the synchrotron light results from the coupled-bunch energy oscillations.


SUMMARY Recently, mobile SCTP (mSCTP) has been proposed as a transport layer approach for supporting mobility. mSCTP is based on the 'multi-homing' feature of Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), and utilizes the functions to dynamically add or delete IP addresses of end points to or from the existing connection in order to support mobility. In this paper, we propose a transport layer mobility supporting scheme, which is based on mSCTP and utilizes the link layer signal strength information in order to determine when to add or delete end-point IP addresses of mobile node and how to change data delivery paths when handover happens. Exploiting the fact that the transport layer is aware of the mobility in the proposed scheme, we also propose error and congestion control enhancement to cope with handover efficiently. The simulation results show that the performance of proposed scheme is competitive compared to the traditional network layer mobility supporting approach. Especially, when the moving speed of mobile node is fast or new path acquisition takes long, it shows better performance than the traditional network layer approach.


We report the results of temporal and spectral analysis performed on the X-ray pulsar 4U 1538-52 observed by BeppoSAX. We obtained a new estimate of the spin period of the neutron star P = 528.24 ± 0.01 s (corrected for the orbital motion of the X-ray source): the source is still in the spin-up state, as it has been since 1988. The pulse profile is double peaked, although significant variations of the relative intensity of the peaks with energy are present. The broadband (0.12-100 keV) out-of-eclipse spectrum is well described by an absorbed power law modified by a high-energy cutoff at ~16 keV (e-folding energy ~10 keV) plus an iron emission line at ~6.4 keV. A cyclotron line at ~21 keV is present. The width of the line is consistent with thermal Doppler broadening at the temperature of the exponential cutoff. We searched for the presence of the second harmonic, previously reported for this source. We found no evidence of lines at ~42 keV, although an absorption feature at 51 keV seems to be present (at 99% confidence level). A soft excess, modeled by a blackbody with a temperature of ~0.08 keV could be present, probably emitted by the matter at the magnetosphere. We also performed a spectral analysis during the X-ray eclipse. The spectral evolution during the eclipse can be well described by a progressive covering of the primary Comptonization spectrum that is scattered into the line of sight. During the deep eclipse this spectrum also softens, suggesting that the dust-scattered component becomes important. An alternative, more complex model, with an emission iron line and scattered components (as the one that has been used to fit the eclipse of Cen X-3), also gives a good fit of the deep-eclipse data.


The magnitude of deviations from the Law of One Price (LOP) across cities depends on a number of characteristics, including language differences, distance, and other correlates of trade costs. We show that in the USA, political differences between cities are an equally important determinant of LOP deviations. LOP deviations are smaller if the cities are both strongly Democrat or both strongly Republican. These effects are of a similar order of magnitude to those of distance, and suggest that political differences represent a substantial barrier to competition.


Ischial apophysiolysis (IAL) is a rare traumatic lesion. It gives little disability and has come to be of diagnostic interest to orthopaedic surgeons only recently. In general, 19th century authors who described epiphysial separations did not suspect the occurrence of IAL. In an extensive study of epiphysial separations, published in 1834, Rognetta45 stated that the epiphysis of the ischial tuberosity could be detached only with great difficulty. Though including a thorough review of the literature, he did not describe any particular case. Nélaton37 in 1869, doubted that any epiphysis of the bones of the trunk could become separated. However, one of the cases mentioned by Malgaigne27 was probably the first case of IAL on record. In 1847, he collected from the literature 6 fractures of the ischium, of which Percy's case was apparently an IAL. The patient fell on the buttock from horseback. After the acute stage had subsided and the ischial tuberosity was examined, "the cartilaginous crust" which covered it appeared to have been detached from the underlying bone. ("Comme si la croûte cartilagineuse qui la revêt eût été décollée de l'os").27 In 1898, Poland39 referred to Parker, who had noted a case of separation of the epiphysis of the tuber ischii associated with suppuration following a kick. He also stated that he had seen a similar case following direct violence.The first 2 cases reported in full were those of Berry2 in 1912 and Milch32 in 1926. However, it was not until recently that this condition was considered to be a definite clinical and roentgenographic entity.33, 34, 35The following case is interesting, since it occurred in a patient who was able to describe her trauma accurately. The injury was unusually severe and was rarely described as such in the literature.


The structure of certain novolacs, prepared by polycondensation of formaldehyde with phenol, p-cresol, and m-cresol respectively, was investigated. The novolacs were transformed into saturated hydrocarbons, thus expelling the oxygen, by a relatively mild high pressure hydrogenation (300°C., 250 atm.) using 100% by weight of a nickelcopper on kieselguhr catalyst. It can be expected that this treatment does not alter the structural frame of the molecules. From ultimate analysis and physical constants of the hydrocarbons, conclusions were made as to the structure of the novolacs. They are linear thermoplasts; no "extra" rings are present.


THE LATE Robert H. Lowie broke ground in the study of associations without accomplishing the kind of systematic synthesis achieved by him and his contemporaries in the analysis of kin, community, class, and other institutions. He seemed to be challenging his reader when he stated: "Since sodalities represent a congeries of diverse associations set off by negative rather than positive criteria, they defy logical classification."' Logical classifications f limited utility have, as a matter of fact, subsequently appeared. Perhaps the most used or elaborated upon has been that of Arnold M. Rose into "expressive groups," those acting to express or satisfy members' interests relative to themselves, and "social influence groups," formed to achieve some condition or change in society beyond the membership.2 In a different way, Chapple and Coon furthered understanding of associations by noting a structural characteristic.


George J. Stigler (1985)1 I find much to endorse in Professor Areeda's magisterial presentation: (1) his description of the dubious role of juries as antitrust policymakers; (2) his recognition of the importance of clearly defining those anticompetitive "improprieties" that spell monopolization; and (3) his acknowledgement of the need for doctrines that do not chill innovative incentives or competitive vigor among even the most powerful enterprises.2 I too join the growing consensus that regards reforms in private treble damage enforcement as timely, since such reforms would not only diminish the sway of juries, but would also avert other excesses that might otherwise warrant cutting substantive antitrust doctrines to the bone.


Wheat yellow mosaic disease is a low-temperature and soil-borne disease. Crop infection by the yellow mosaic virus can lead to severe yield and economic losses. It is easily confused with nitrogen deficiency based on the plant's morphological characteristics. Timely disease detection and crop management in the field require the precise identification of crop stress types. However, the detection of crop stress is often underappreciated. Wheat nitrogen deficiency and yellow mosaic disease were investigated in the field and wheat physiological and biochemical experiments were conducted to collect agronomic indicators, four years of reflectance spectral data at green-up and jointing were collected, and then studies for the detection of nitrogen deficiency and yellow mosaic disease stresses were carried out. The continuous removal (CR), first-order derivative (FD), standard normal variate (SNV), and spectral separation of soil and vegetation (3SV) preprocessing methods and 96 spectral indices were evaluated. The threshold method and variance inflation factor (TVIF) were used as feature selection methods combined with machine learning to develop a crop stress detection method. The results show that the most sensitive wavelengths are found in the 725–1000 nm region, while the sensitivity of the spectrum in the 400–725 nm region is lower. The PRI670,570, B, and RARSa spectral indices can detect nitrogen deficiency and yellow leaf disease stress, and the OA and Kappa values are 93.87% and 0.873, respectively, for PRI670,570, which is the best index. A 3SV-TVIF-SVM stress detection method was then proposed, using OA and Kappa values of 96.97% and 0.931, respectively, for field data validation. The results of the study can provide technical support and a theoretical basis for the accurate control of yellow mosaic disease and nitrogen fertilizer management in the field.


We report reproducible resistive switching performance and relevant physical mechanism of sandwiched Pt/CoFe2O4/Pt structures in which the CoFe2O4 thin films were fabricated by a chemical solution deposition method. Uniform switching voltages, good endurance, and long retention have been demonstrated in the Pt/CoFe2O4/Pt memory cells. On the basis of the analysis of current-voltage characteristic and its temperature dependence, we suggest that the carriers transport through the conducting filaments in low resistance state with Ohmic conduction behavior, and the Schottky emission and Poole-Frenkel emission dominate the conduction mechanism in high resistance state. From resistance-temperature dependence of resistance states, we believe that the physical origin of the resistive switching refers to the formation and rupture of the oxygen vacancies related filaments. The nanostructured CoFe2O4 thin films can find applications in resistive random access memory.


Abstract Buckminster Fuller has coined the name tetrahelix for a column of regular tetrahedra, each sharing two faces with neighbours, one 'below' and one 'above' [A. H. Boerdijk, Philips Research Reports 7 (1952), p. 309]. Such a column could well be employed in architecture, because it is both strong and attractive. The (n — 1)-dimensional analogue is based on a skew polygon such that every n consecutive vertices belong to a regular simplex. The generalized twist which shifts this polygon one step along itself is found to have the characteristic equation (λ - 1)2{(n - 1)λ n-2 + 2(n - 2)λ n-3 + 3(n - 3)λ n-4 + . . . + (n - 2)2λ + (n - 1)} = 0, which can be derived from tan nθ = n tan θ by setting λ = exp (2θi).


In our study, the metabolomic fingerprinting analysis of leaves and roots of eight Mediterranean plants was made by an integrated approach of GC-MS and NMR spectroscopic techniques targeted on apolar and polar metabolites respectively, following bioassay test focused on antifungal activity against two phytopathogenic fungi, Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus niger. The eight plant species included two perennial forbs (Dittrichia viscosa, Acanthus mollis), two grasses (Typha latifolia, Festuca drymeia), one vine (Hedera helix), one evergreen tree (Quercus ilex), and two deciduous trees (Fraxinus ornus, Fagus sylvatica), which have been used as traditional folk remedy. The research aimed at evaluating the chemical compositions of the different species both from a qualitative and a quantitative point of view, to identify the major classes of apolar and polar compounds and to integrate the spectra followed by chemometrics. The highlights of the undertaken work were: i) using an integrated approach of GC-MS and NMR spectroscopic techniques to make an intensive investigation of apolar and polar metabolites of leaves and roots of each species; ii) comparing the variation of metabolite contents in leaves and roots of eight plants simultaneously; iii) correlating internal physiologic properties (chemical profile) with the external bioactivity (antifungal activity) on some degree.
 The metabolic fingerprint of the Mediterranean plants showed a complex chemical composition, being specific for each species and plant tissue. Some conclusions were drew as described. Through analyzing the apolar extracts of leaf and root samples of eight species by GC-MS, combined with interpreting method of AMDIS, it was showed that apolar organic extracts were mainly composed of linear saturated fatty acids; 120 apolar metabolites, including fatty acids, n-alkanes, triterpenoids, steroids and oxygenated terpenoids were found. The exceptions were that major apolar metabolites were oxygenated terpenoids in D. viscosa leaf and unsaturated fatty acids with the richest component being linoleic acid in H. helix root, accounting for the observed antifungal activity. Triterpenoids and steroids were almost exclusively found in roots. Through analyzing the polar extracts of leaf and root samples of eight species by 1H-NMR, followd by statistical method of Principle Component Analysis (PCA), we found that extracts contained a total of 38 polar metabolites among all samples, including sugars, alkaloids, organic acids, free amino acids and aromatic compounds. Q. ilex and F. ornus contained large amounts of specific metabolites, quinic acid, quercitol and mannitol. D. viscosa and T. latifolia were characterized by a high content of aromatic compounds. The separation of A. mollis from the other species was due to the presence of betaine and sucrose in leaves and raffinose in roots. Hence, we could conclude that the research developed with the proposed approach possess the advantages of versatility and rapidity, thus making it suitable for a fast comparison among species and plant tissue types.


Phthalate esters (PAEs) are synthetic compounds used as plasticizers to improve mechanical properties of the plastic resin, particularly its flexibility and softness. In recent years, they have attracted increasing attention owing to their extensive use, ubiquity in the environment and endocrine-disrupting activity. Microbial degradation is the principal way for completely mineralization of phthalates in natural environments. The degradation mechanisms and pathways of phthalates have been consolidated by using bacteria while those using fungi have rarely been reported. This article mainly summarizes the pollution status of phthalates, introduces the health hazard of phthalates to humans and animals, and reviews the current research progress in the microbial degradation of phthalates, including species of phthalate-degrading bacteria, degradation pathways and related molecular bases, and fungal degradation of phthalates. Fig 3, Tab 6, Ref 62


We have examined the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content of several somatic tissues from male and female individuals of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. As expected from the mode of doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) of mtDNA that is characteristic of this genus, the dominant type of mtDNA in male gonads was the male-transmitted M type. In contrast, all male somatic tissues were dominated by the female-transmitted F type. The M type could occasionally be detected in one or another tissue of a few female individuals. The findings have several implications for the operation of doubly uniparental inheritance of mitochondrial DNA, among which the most important are (i) the M genome does not have an unconditional replicative advantage over the F genome, and (ii) in contrast to "masculinization" (the process by which an F molecule assumes the role of the M genome) "feminization" (the process by which an M molecule assumes the role of the F genome) might be a rare but not impossible phenomenon.Key words: mitocho...


Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a widely distributed, Gram-negative bacillus that is increasingly identified as a multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen of concern. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of nine strains that were isolated from a freshwater catchment area in Hong Kong, corresponding to four different monophyletic lineages within the species. ABSTRACT Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a widely distributed, Gram-negative bacillus that is increasingly identified as a multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen of concern. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of nine strains that were isolated from a freshwater catchment area in Hong Kong, corresponding to four different monophyletic lineages within the species.


Speckle filtering in synthetic aperture radar polarimetry (PolSAR) is essential for the extraction of significant information. In this study, the authors introduced a hybrid iterative filtering scheme. The proposed iterative filter is initialized by a polarimetric filter ensuring a high speckle reduction level. Then, to enhance the spatial details, the iterative filter is applied for few iterations. The key parameter <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$b_{k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> which traduced the variability of the pixels has been studied. An expression that takes into account the following important numerical considerations is proposed. 1) The variability of the pixel is measured by coefficient variation (CV) rather than the variance. 2) The statistics are computed using non-local neighborhood instead of local square one. 3) A new normalizing function (i. e. hyperbolic tangent) is implemented. 4) The dynamic of range of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$b_{k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is increased by multiplying the CVs of the filtered and the originals images. Comparison with various state of the art PolSAR filters demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed iterative method. Simulated, one-look and multilook real PolSAR data were used for validation.


In this dissertation, we develop techniques for face recognition from surveillance-quality video. We handle two specific problems that are characteristic of such video, namely uncontrolled face pose changes and poor illumination. We conduct a study that compares face recognition performance using two different types of probe data and acquiring data in two different conditions. We describe approaches to evaluate the face detections found in the video sequence to reduce the probe images to those that contain true detections. We also augment the gallery set using synthetic poses generated using 3D morphable models. We show that we can exploit temporal continuity of video data to improve the reliability of the matching scores across probe frames. Reflected images are used to handle variable illumination conditions to improve recognition over the original images. While there remains room for improvement in the area of face recognition from poor-quality video, we have shown some techniques that help performance significantly.


Copper Indium Gallium Selenide has become one of the most highly promising absorber materials for thin film solar cells due
to its exceptional semiconductor characteristics. Various attempts have been made in the recent years to scale up the production
of these films. In this review the difficulty in scaling up of the existing technologies, the necessity of nano-particles of CIGS
for solar cells, how the charge separation in this nano scale photovoltaic (PV) materials occurs which help in absorption of
radiation, and the electro-deposition route, a low cost one, produces thin film solar cells are analyzed. The envisaged pulse
electro-deposition route will not only produce the required nano-scale CIGS films but also a route to large scale economical
production of thin films solar cells.


Autobiography is an important feature of Tan Tan's medium and short novels. In his works, the prototype is himself and the story is based on his own life experience. Through reasonable art imagination and fiction, the social phenomena which is beyond his experience and destine, are reflected in his works.


A new postprocessing technique suitable for nonuniform triangulations is employed in the sensitivity analysis of some model optimal shape design problems.


The absorption spectrum of ozone in the visible spectral region has been investigated for fine structure and for changes in absorption with temperature. No fine structure was observed in spectrograms taken in the second order of a 21-ft. grating spectrograph. The absorption coefficients remained constant within experimental error in going from room to dry-ice temperature.


We report new helium abundance and isotope results for submarine basaltic glasses from the Central Indian Ridge (CIR) between the Marie Celeste (16.7°S) and Egeria fracture zones (FZ) (20.6°S); the adjacent Gasitao, Three Magi, and Rodrigues ridges; and for olivine separates from lavas and cumulate xenoliths from the Mascarene Islands (Reunion, Mauritius, and Rodrigues). Helium isotope ratios in basaltic glasses range from 7.1 to 12.2 R A (where R A = air 3He/4He) and lie between values of Mid‐Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB) (8 ± 1 R A) and samples from Reunion Island (11.5 to 14.1 R A). The highest 3He/4He values (up to 12.2 R A) are found in glasses recovered off axis from the Three Magi and Gasitao ridges. Along the CIR axis, MORB‐like 3He/4He ratios are found near the Egeria FZ, and there is a marked increase to values of ∼11 R A between ∼19° and 20°S. The lowest 3He/4He values (<8 R A) are found immediately south of the Marie Celeste FZ, where incompatible trace element ratios (e.g., La/Sm) are highest. These low 3He/4He ratios can be explained by closed system radiogenic 4 He ingrowth in either (1) a " fossil " Reunion hot spot mantle component, embedded into the subridge mantle when the CIR migrated over the hot spot at ∼34 Ma or (2) trace element enriched MORB mantle. In contrast, the high 3He/4He ratios observed on the CIR axis adjacent to the Gasitao Ridge, and along the off‐axis volcanic ridges, are consistent with flow of hot spot mantle material from Reunion (∼1100 km to the west) toward the CIR.


In an efficient market,the extra yield of corporation bond is the compensation of the potential lost caused by different risks.In this consideration,the corporation bond price can be expressed by a function of the stochastic differential equation of risk-free yield,default risk premium,liquidity risk premium,and a certain reclaim rate.Based on the empirical test of 32 bonds from 2006Q3 to 2010Q1 in China bond market,this paper find that,the difference between the theoretical price and the trading price of the corporation bond is limited;the trading price of few long-term corporation bond is always lower than the theoretical price;the price of public utility bond is insensitive to the market signal;there are arbitrage opportunities in the bond market.Some suggestions on the improvement of the bond market have been given in the end of the paper.


As a result of increasing demand on telecommunications services, networks suffer low speed and high latency. These seriously affect the performance of the network due to the presents of high burden on the existing multiplexing techniques such as Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) to deliver high speed data rates. Hence, the ever increasing demand for high speed and low latency data communications by mobile users define future features of networks to ease the burden on the existing multiple access techniques by significantly offering high data rates through multiplexing of multiple users over the same channel at the same time and frequency using Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) in 5G systems. The research developed an improved resources allocation scheme for NOMA fifth Generation (5G) systems. The multiplexing of users on the same frequency band in NOMA makes it possible to have higher sum rate than the conventional OMA technique. This high sum rate can only be guaranteed through the use of efficient resources allocation scheme, so as to avoid high rate of interference and decoding errors. The research focuses on improving sum rate and coverage probability while considering the requirement for green communication in 5G. A multiple user's downlink NOMA system with N sub-channels and 32 users which are uniformly distributed in a circle of diameter 500 meters is considered in this work.


The purpose of this paper is to determine the effectiveness of US HR Graduate Programs in preparing highly competent and principled HR professionals functioning as strategic partners and helping organisations create sustainable competitive advantages through the HR function. The paper examines the major competencies necessary for HR to serve as business partners and analyses the graduate HR programmes in developing the requisite competencies. Multiple gaps in the curriculum are identified. Strategies to enhance the quality and relevance of the graduate programmes in developing highly competent and principled HR professionals in the 21st century are discussed.


The paper describes a simple arrangement of trusses and rollers that can be used in bridge and aqueduct construction to launch precast, prestressed girders across piers. Designed specifically to overcome the weakness of limited load-carrying capacity and unrequired, for Indian condition, sophisticated adjustments of presently-used equipment, the device can be used for reinforced construction as well.(a) /TRRL/


This article is devoted to the study of youth as a separate social group. The study of youth as a separate social group begins with the definition of the concept of "youth" itself, as well as age-related boundaries, within which the main characteristics of this category are manifested. The age boundaries of youth are primarily associated with activities - educational, professional.


The extensive heat release in the target is the primary limiting factor for a CANS neutron output. CANS DARIA has been chosen to operate using a 13 MeV proton beam providing up to 40 kW of power, which requires an effective target cooling solution. It was found that beryllium provides the best neutron yield while staying in solid state, which makes it the most effective option for the target material. With an optimal beryllium target thickness of 1.1 mm, the proton Bragg peak lies outside of the beryllium layer, but 9.21 MeV per incident proton are still dissipated inside the beryllium. Two cooling options are considered and analysed with PHITS calculations: multilayer targets and rotating targets. The use of proton beams with energies above 13 MeV on beryllium leads to tritium generation, which is not desirable. Any lower energy leads to a decreased neutron yield, but a simpler cooling solution. Therefore, an option to reduce the proton beam energy is also considered.


NiCr/NiSi multilayer thin film thermocouples are fabricated.The samples are multilayer structure which is composed of Ni-based superalloy substrates,NiCrAlY buffer layer,thermal grown Al_2O_3 layer,Al_2O_3 insulating layer,NiCr/NiSi thin film thermocouple layer and Al_2O_3 protecting layer.The influences of thickness of NiCr/NiSi thermocouple layer and the ageing treatment on the thermoelectrical properties are explored in detail. The influences of temperature on the perpendicular resistance of Al_2O_3 insulating layer are also explored. The results of the static calibration of the samples show that the thickness of NiCr/NiSi thin film thermocouple layer does not influence the thermoelectrical properties of the samples.Ageing treatment can improve the thermoelectrical properties and the relative sensitivity of the samples obviously.The Seebeck coefficient and the maximal relative sensitivity of the samples are about 37μV/K and 0.9,respectively.With the increase of temperature, the perpendicular resistance of Al_2O_3 insulating layer is decreased.The perpendicular resistance of Al_2O_3 insulating layer is bigger than 100 MΩin the range of room temperature to 300℃.The perpendicular resistance of the Al_2O_3 insulating layer is 16 kΩat 900℃.


A dedicated electron gun has been designed and built for the preliminary phase of the CLIC Test Facility 3 (CTF3). The gun is based on a thermionic gridded cathode and operates at 90 kV in the intensity range of 50 mA to 2A. The specific time structure of the beam is characterized by a burst of up to seven pulses of variable pulse width (4 to 10 ns) each separated by 420 ns, the revolution time of the former EPA (Electron Positron Accumulator) ring. The mechanical conception was specifically designed to be compatible with the existing front-end of the former LIL (LEP Injector Linac). We will describe the experimental results obtained with the beam on CTF3.


To solve the problem of mechanized weeding in trunk type pear orchard, combined with the technology of stubble elimination and hydraulic obstacle avoidance, the authors designed an obstacle avoidance mower assembly. This paper carried out a field performance evaluation test to verify its usefulness. Six indexes were tested to evaluate its working performance. The results were: inter-row crushing rate of 89.99%, intra-row miss cutting rate of 2.42%, stubble stability coefficient variation of 4.25%, working efficiency of 0.32 hm2/h, fuel consumption of 16.25 L/hm2, profitable area of 0.75 hm2. The study could provide a reference for orchard mechanized weeding.


Purpose : to investigate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and the macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) in patients with Alzheimer`s disease and mild cognitive impairment. Methods : this study included 10 patients (20 eyes) with Alzheimer`s disease, 10 patients with mild cognitive impairment and 10 age- and sex-matched healthy controls that had no history of dementia. All the subjects underwent psychiatric examination, including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and complete ophthalmological examination, comprising optical coherence tomography and scanning laser polarimetry. Results : there was a significant decrease in GCC thickness in patients with Alzheimer`s disease compared to the control group, global loss volume of ganglion cells was higher than in control group. there was no significant difference among the groups in terms of RNFL thickness. Weak positive correlation of GCC thickness and MMSE results was observed. Conclusion : Our data confirm the retinal involvement in Alzheimer`s disease, as reflected by loss of ganglion cells. Further studies will clear up the role and contribution of dementia in pathogenesis of optic neuropathy.


This article researches temporality as found in Bergson´s and Merleau-Ponty´s theories. It starts with a poetical talk from Mario Quintana about time in a chronological way as considered by scientific clock measurement. Than consider theories from both philosophers, showing the same doubts about chronological time which common sense and science consider so precious.


In this study, we use published geologic maps and cross-sections to construct a three-dimensional geologic model of major shear zones that make up the Himalayan orogenic wedge. The model incorporates microseismicity, megathrust coupling, and various derivatives of the topography to address several questions regarding observed crustal strain patterns and how they are expressed in the landscape. These questions include: (1) How does vertical thickening vary along strike of the orogen? (2) What is the role of oblique convergence in contributing to along-strike thickness variations and the style of deformation? (3) How do variations in the coupling along the megathrust affect the overlying structural style? (4) Do lateral ramps exist along the megathrust? (5) What structural styles underlie and are possibly responsible for the generation of high-elevation, low-relief landscapes? Our model shows that the orogenic core of the western and central Himalaya displays significant along-strike variation in its thickness, from ∼25–26 km in the western Himalaya to ∼34–42 km in the central Himalaya. The thickness of the orogenic core changes abruptly across the western bounding shear zone of the Gurla Mandhata metamorphic core complex, demonstrating a change in the style of strain there. Pressure-temperature-time results indicate that the thickness of the orogenic core at 37 Ma is 17 km. Assuming this is constant along strike from 81°E to 85°E indicates that, the western and central Nepal Himalaya have been thickened by 0.5 and 1–1.5 times, respectively. West of Gurla Mandhata the orogenic core is significantly thinner and underlies a large 11,000 km2 Neogene basin (Zhada). A broad, thick orogenic core associated with thrust duplexing is collocated with an 8500 km2 high-elevation, low-relief surface in the Mugu-Dolpa region of west Nepal. We propose that these results can be explained by oblique convergence along a megathrust with an along-strike and down-dip heterogeneous coupling pattern influenced by frontal and oblique ramps along the megathrust.


Introduction Recognition of "outrage" in the face of the "outrageous" Terrorism as primary source of outrage? Terrifying outrageous acts conventionally dissociated from terrorism Problems as evocative of outrage -or not ? Emotional outrage at outrageous opinions, conditions and actions Indignation, protest, consciousness raising, radicalisation? Strategic necessity of responding outrageously to the outrageous? Case for a Wiki-indignation, a Wiki-outrage, or a Wiki-outrageous? Representing systems of outrage in a global context? References


The interaction of D{sub 2}O with the CeO{sub 2}(001) surface was studied with temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found with TPD that D{sub 2}O desorption occurs in three states with temperatures of 152, 200, and 275 K, which are defined as multilayer D{sub 2}O weakly bound surface D{sub 2}O, and hydroxyl recombination, respectively. O 1s XPS measurements for high D{sub 2}O exposures, where multilayer water desorption was observed in the TPD, resulted in emission from only the substrate and surface hydroxyls. This is likely due to a nonwetting behavior of D{sub 2}O on this surface with the formation of nanosized clusters. An analysis of the O1s XPS data indicates that the surface has a hydroxyl coverage of 0.9 monolayers for large water exposures at 85 K. This is consistent with a model in which the polar CeO{sub 2}(001) surface can be stabilized by a reduction of the dipole in the top layer by the formation of a full monolayer of hydroxyls.


This is the first in a series of papers that analyze college student beliefs in realms where common astronomy misconceptions are prevalent. Data was collected through administration of an inventory distributed at the end of an introductory college astronomy course. In this paper, we present the basic mathematics of item response theory (IRT), and then we use it to explore concepts related to galaxies. We show how IRT determines the difficulty of each galaxy topic under consideration. We find that the concept of galaxy spatial distribution presents the greatest challenge to students of all the galaxy topics. We also find and present the most logical sequence to teach galaxy topics as a function of the audience's age.


This study was carried out to assess and analyze the overall problems of the facilities in recycling and treating of foodwaste on the basis of the unit operation facilities. It proposes effective alternatives for the high profitable management that can meet the regulation of the facilities. The study is composed of several parts including a collection of academic reports, field studies regarding the facilities operated by local government and the private sector, the analysis on odor samples from compost facilities and processing facilities for animal feed from foodwaste. Twenty facilities were surveyed on the field to find out the existing problems and to compare between facilities. Several facilities didn't meet the governmental regulation on some processes, especially the stages of input, storage, odor control and the qualities of final products under the unit equipment operation. The analysis on the odors from the phases of input, shredding and fermentation of a compost facility and processing facilities for feed, the odors from shredding equipments were higher in concentration than the others. The Major odors from the composting facility contained hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), methyl mercaptan (CH₃SH), Dimethyl sulfide ((CH₃)₂S) and Ammonia (NH₃) and the major odors from the animal feed facility contained methyl mercaptan (CH₃SH), Trimethylamine ((CH₃)₃N) and Acetaldehyde (CH₃CHO).


Within the scope of sensor networks, there exists a number of obstacles in the face of lower processing power, if focusing on power consumption, as well as maintenance and deployment issues when operating on a larger scale. Such issues as bandwidth availability as well as communication latency are also important factors to consider. This article discusses a distributes sensor network model that utilizes a low power approach along with neural networks to facilitate more wholesome local processing fro faster responses as well as improve overall system efficiency. The physical deployment model used the Intel Movidius VPU modules and Raspberry Pi microcontrollers to investigate and model the neural network integration. As part of the architecture, Caffe and TensorFlow frameworks were used the most to process graphical and numerical data. Certain abstraction layers had to be developed to facilitate smoother horizontal communication between the units. The system was tested to operate with both graphical inputs such as images or video feeds, as well as numerical information, such as analog sensor data.


Mentioned in the Qur'an and ḥadīṯs, described by Muslim treaties of medicine, and celebrated in the literature and visual arts, effeminates have a central place in Persianate culture, as indicated by the fact that Persian language has a rich vocabulary to define them. Poetry also abounds of aesthetic and erotic descriptions that turn effeminates into objects of desire, at time sublimating them with mystic fervour, at other times celebrating them more prosaically and physically. Through a diachronic approach, the essay places these figures in a theoretical, socio-cultural and artistic-literary perspective.


According to L. Wittgenstein, the meaning of a mathematical object is to be grounded upon its use. In this paper we consider Robinson theory Q, the subtheory of firstorder Peano Arithmetic PA; some theorems and conjectures can be interpreted over one model of Q given by a universe of polynomials; with respect to nonconstant polynomials some proofs by elementary methods are given and compared with corresponding results in the standard model of PA. We conclude that the creative power of the language can be pointed out in how the language itself is embedded into the rest of human activities, and this is an important track to follow for researchers in mathematics education.


The invention relates to a support design concept, in particular internal surfaces of building concept in which is used a dry composition to be mixed with water to prepare a more easily applicable paste onto the support, to achieve a decorative coating having a "touch concrete", a "concrete aspect," a "concrete hardness", and which moreover is peelable to the stripper wallpaper. To achieve this object, the invention firstly relates to a dry powder composition comprising in weight percent on a dry basis: from 30 to 60 of cement, 30 to 60 filler, 0.5 to 10 of at least one absorbent agent from 0.01 to 1 at least one fibrous flexibility agent, 0.01 to 3 at least one setting retardant, 0.01 to 1 wetting agent, from 0.1 to 20 decorative particles, 0.5 to 10 of at least one curing agent, and from 0 to 1 at least one colorant.L'invention also relates to a method of preparing a dough by mixing this composition with the water and a process for obtaining a decorative concrete coating. The invention also provides the tools for carrying out this process, namely in particular a serrated trowel for the application of the paste, a comb spectrum to realize a branded effect, a nylon bristle brush to achieve a brushed or combed, spatula biplate structures to achieve a striped effect or stries.L'invention finally relates to a decorative covering kit for building interior surfaces comprising the above composition, at least one of the above-mentioned tools (possibly) smoothing tip and at least one of the components or accessories following primer undercoat, sponge nuant effect, specific dye, white or colored product for sailing, wax or protective varnish.


In classical physics a beam of light propagates in a perfectly straight line and this means that we can measure small displacements with unlimited accuracy. However, this is not correct for real laser beams when we take the quantum properties of light into account. Spatial measurements will be limited by quantum noise, similar to the limitations for optical communication and sensing. Here we derive the spatial quantum noise limit and show how to measure it. Next we demonstrate that we can use specially prepared light with quantum correlations, so-called squeezed light, to improve spatial measurements to below this quantum limit. In this way we prepare a beam which goes in a straighter line than the output of any conventional laser.


Accumulator is a highly path dependant derivative structure, whose underlying assets can be currency rate, stock price, power source and so on. This paper studies the accumulator pricing problems under different setting of the contract. First, we review pricing an accumulator in which the barrier is applied continuously. Second, without analytical formulae, the price of an accumulator with barrier applied discretely has to be determined by approximation or numerical methods. The Fourier cosine expansions method, initiated by Fang and Oosterlee [SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 31(2), 826–848], is applied to present a numerical method to solve it. The numerical results, compared with Barrier Correction method and Monte Carlo simulation method, are given to show the efficiency of the presented method. The last part gives a financial analysis about the risk hidden in an accumulator.


Static Electric and Magnetic Fields in Vacuum.- Charge and Current Distributions.- Slowly Varying Fields in Vacuum.- Energy and Momentum.- Static Potentials in Vacuum - Laplace's Equation.- Static Potentials with Sources-Poisson's Equation.- Static Electromagnetic Fields in Matter.- Time-Dependent Electromagnetic Fields in Matter.- Waveguide Propagation-Bounded Waves.- Electromagnetic Radiation.- The Covariant Formulation.- Radiation Reaction-Electrodynamics.


This paper discussed on marketing strategies: rebranding as a means of redeeming corporate image of a product and organization. The study sees rebranding as a marketing strategy in which a new name, term, symbol, design, or combination thereof is created for an established brand with the intention of developing a new, differentiated identity in the minds of consumers, investors, and competitors. It noted that Strong brand can create options of growth, command market share, barrier of entry for competitors and consumer loyalty. The researcher concluded that rebranding is mostly necessary especially if the corporation feels they have to meet with the competitive demand of market forces. Rebranding is a continuous process. For as long as the company exists it is worthwhile for the corporation to be involved in rebranding. It is recommended therefore, that corporation should be involved in rebranding from time to time.


The discounted utility theory is a cornerstone of financial theory, particularly in inter-temporal asset pricing and portfolio management. This theory questioning has opened a whole field of research in psychology, economics, and management, and has undergone several enhancements recently. Its violation seems widely established and opened the way for the building of a more efficient framework to understand the individual time preferences. One improvement is related to the refining of the knowledge on the psychological discount function that underlies inter-temporal choices. In fact, an individual's time preferences may be characterized by various discount functions such as the exponential, Hernstein, Harvey, proportional, Laibson, Rachlin, hyperbolic and generalized hyperbolic discount functions. Empirical validation of these proposed psychological discount rate term structures to explain individual preferences and the distribution of their parameters in a given population has been the subject of a number of recent studies. These researches have insufficiently question the problem of the validity of the proposed function on a given population. The aim of this research is to empirically study the shape and parameters of psychological discount functions that characterized a given population. Based on the data collected through an experimental study, the violation of the discounted utility theory is confirmed, which means that time preferences could not be characterized by an exponential discount function. This finding is consistent with other empirical studies and shows that the population is characterized by a decreasing impatience. In addition, it shows that the population is characterized by a heterogeneity of the psychological discount functions.


It's over four years since I began teaching English grammar at the KwangchowInstitute of Foreign Languages. Thanks to the concerted efforts of my comrades, I amgetting on quite well. For several years before taking up grammar teaching, I had been responsible forintensive reading. In the course of teaching, I came to realize how hard it was formy third-year students to go on with their studies without an adequate knowledge of


In 1968, the international medical community created the concept of "brain death", which is presently employed to refer to patients formerly referred to as in "irreversible coma". Since then, whenever a patient´s brain shows no biological activity while his/her heart still works, the patient is said to be "brainly dead". For medicine, this implies not only the possibility of organ removal with transplant aims in mind; but also a new form of conceiving death. Based on semi-structured script interviews with medical doctors involved in this predicament, this article analyzes the process regarding brain death and the negotiations among the diverse social agents involved in the process of defining death


ABSTRACT Pristine and carboxylic acid functionalised carbon nanotubes (CNTs-P and CNTs-COOH) hybrid composites based on ultrasonically processed nanocomposite epoxy matrix have been prepared. The thermodynamic interactions between CNTs and epoxy components are evaluated through solution experiment. The measurements of mechanical properties and volume electrical resistivity are performed to characterise the structure-property interplay of CNTs hybrid composites. A 0.3 wt-% CNTs-COOH loading significantly enhances the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the resultant hybrid composites. The re-agglomeration of CNTs-P has been ascribed to the thermodynamic and kinetic factors, which determine the morphological characteristics of CNTs within the overall composites. CNTs-P network enables a continuous conductive path to be present in the composites at lower CNTs-P concentration. An analysis of the effects of the functionalisation of CNTs on the structure and properties of their hybrid composites has been carried out.


Surgical resection is an effective method treat liver cancer. Unfortunately, patients with liver cancer usually have large tumor volumes and varying degrees of liver damage, which will affect their ability to regenerate their liver. Therefore, it is particularly important to evaluate the patient's liver reserve function before surgery. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a radionuclide imaging technique that realizes precise anatomical localization and observation of physiological, biochemical and pathological processes. Technetium-99m diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid galactosyl human serum albumin (99mTc-GSA) is a liver scintigraphy agent that binds to the asialoglycoprotein receptor. 99mTc-GSA SPECT imaging has been proven to be an effective method to assess liver function. However, few liver virtual surgery software systems are currently adapted to this approach. This paper develops a liver virtual surgery software based on 99mTc-GSA SPECT images. This system is developed with Microsoft Visual Studio 2017, C++, Visualisation Toolkit (VTK), and the Open VR software development kit. The volume rendering technique is adopted complete the model reconstruction, and the cutting algorithm of the liver model is used to achieve arbitrary closed polygon cutting volume data. In addition, the model also can be visualized in the VR scene to interact with the controller. The system can be applied to simulate cutting for liver SPECT virtual surgery and also for preoperative liver function assessment to reduce the surgical risks.


Patient: Female, 23 Final Diagnosis: Calcineurin inhibitor-induced pain syndrome Symptoms: Back pain Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Supportive treatment Specialty: Transplantology Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) are the mainstay immunosuppressive drugs for kidney transplantation. Although they provide excellent allograft and patient outcomes, adverse effects are frequently encountered. Calcineurin inhibitor-induced pain syndrome (CIPS) is a rare adverse effect of CNI. Previous case reports with CIPS diagnosis involved incapacitating pain in the lower extremities. Case Report: In this article, we report the first case of CIPS with severe back pain as the presenting symptom, which was correlated with a high tacrolimus trough concentration due to a drug interaction with clotrimazole troche. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine showed bone marrow edema, which is consistent with previous case reports. The patient's symptoms resolved within 3 weeks of the onset of pain. Treatments were symptomatic care and lowering the tacrolimus trough concentration. Pain was improved significantly with pregabalin but not with nifedipine. Conclusions: We reviewed the literature of kidney transplant cohorts with CIPS to ascertain prevalence, pain characteristics, and treatment outcomes. Apart from our case, all patients experienced lower extremities pain and were pain-free during the follow-up period, without any residual abnormalities. CIPS is a benign but adverse effect of CNI. Counselling patients about the disease's natural history and supportive care remain the best treatment.


E-commerce companies have been implementing several sales strategies to increase orders from online buyers. One of the most profitable strategies used to entice buyers to purchase more items is a volume discount on particular goods. Generally, an individual online buyer has limited bargaining power and always makes orders individually. From the perspective of buyers, they look for an efficient way to receive a lower price for their products without buying a large volume. Moreover, buyers are often heterogeneous in terms of preferences and willingness-to-pay. In such a situation, we propose a new approach for forming buying groups while taking consideration of buyers' heterogeneous preferences. The approach, which is based on genetic algorithms with roulette-wheel selection, searches for an optimized group of buyers by aggregating a number of buyer-selected items to obtain the highest utility received from the sellers. The paper compares the performance of the algorithm using roulette-wheel selection with generational replacement. Additionally, the web-based application of the proposed approach is developed in order to illustrate how the proposed algorithm works in the real world. The experimental results of our empirical case study show that the algorithm optimally searches for the best solution.


The present work aims to analyze the efficiency of the intersection located at the TO 050 at the entrance of the city of Porto Nacional TO, the chosen location presents negative points regarding the safety of the drivers, due to the connection of the expressway with highways. Without the addition of auxiliary lanes and poor signage, generating dangerous intersections and overtaking, and the existence of the entrance port of the municipality at the intersection that impairs the visibility of drivers. The region has large movement of cargo and passenger vehicles due to agricultural production and because it is the connecting section of the capital of the state of Tocantins (Palmas) with the municipality of Porto Nacional, consequently increasing the likelihood of accidents on the site. Therefore, the need to study conflict points and their origins is identified, guaranteeing efficient traffic flow and safety for drivers. Keywords— Intersection; Safety; Signaling; Conflicts.


Objective To investigate the effects of Heshouwu decoction on the tissue structure of submandibular gland of aging rats. Methods The aging models of rats were induced by D-galactose,then the aging rats were treated by Heshouwu decoction. Under light microscope,the ratio of relative volume of submandibular gland parenchyma,adipose tissue and interstitial fiber was calculated. Results The glandular parenchyma ratio in Heshouwu decoction prevention groups was higher than that in model group. In treatment groups,the glandular parenchyma ratio was the highest in the negative control group,however which was the lowest in natural recover group. The ratio of adipose tissue and interstitial fiber increased with aging progress,which was the highest in model group and the lowest in normal group among all prevention groups. The ratio of adipose tissue and interstitial fiber was the highest in natural recover group and the lowest in negative control group. Conclusion The submandibular gland parenchyma ratio of D-galactose senescence model rats gradually decreases,which is replaced by adipose tissue and interstitial fiber. Heshouwu decoction can obviously delay the aging changes of tissue structure in model rats.


SUMMARY This paper explains the process, methodology and some key outcomes of ex ante Livelihood Impact Assessment (LIA) of Voluntary Partnership Agreements (VPAs) under the EU FLEGT Action Plan. It is based on undertaking LIA in Vietnam, Indonesia and Honduras. LIA involves a series of multiple stakeholder workshops informed by background contextual studies such as vulnerable stakeholder analysis. By raising the capacity and credibility of civil society to undertake systematic analysis of the livelihood implications of VPAs, LIA can contribute to the theory of change of how the FLEGT-VPA process can promote equitable outcomes. Specifically LIA helps meet the VPA social safeguard — the commitment by VPA signatories to understand, monitor and mitigate adverse social effects. The wider utility of the LIA methodology is shown by its spontaneous adoption and/or adaptation by NGOs in Vietnam and Honduras, and its adaptation for subnational REDD+ planning in Vietnam and Nepal.


Multiplex network is an emergent model that has been lately proposed in order to cope with the complexity of real-world networks. A multiplex network is defined as a multi-layer interconnected graph. Each layer contains the same set of nodes but interconnected by different types of links. This rich representation model requires to redefine most of the existing network analysis algorithms. In this paper we focus on the central problem of community detection. Most of existing approaches consist on transforming the problem, in a way or another, to the classical setting of community detection in a monoplex network. In this work, we propose a new approach that consists on adapting a seed-centric algorithm to the multiplex case. The first experiments on heterogeneous bibliographical networks show the relevance of the approach compared to the existing algorithms.


Tourism as social practice is inseparable from culture. The position of tourists toward culture is divided. Tourists primarily motivated by culture are not many. However, on the global tourist market this group represents a growing, exceptionally lucrative niche. Accidental and reluctant consumers of culture total some 45%. Through specific elements of cultural offer tourist marketing aims to attract both groups. A truly impressive and highly presentable national cultural heritage is a key element in the process of Croatian tourism revival and creation of a recognizable identity. The most immediate task is to define a relationship between culture and tourism, i.e. what tourism can gain through culture, how culture can be applied in tourism, and how profitable it is. Investigations of printed promotional materials indicate a lack of fundamental understanding on part of the tourist destination regarding the role of cultural heritage in tourism. This indicates the need for improved private-public sector collaboration and a better understanding of the sociodemographic traits, i.e. national habits and class pursuits of prospective tourists.


memory was fresher, and, sometimes, internal evidence suggests, he was working h'om documents. Some of the descriptions in Chapter • 2 of interviews with various persons (eg, Mr Diefenbaker) are probably based on memoranda of the conversations. Here the book will be rather more useful to the future historian. Heeney was deeply hurt by the reception given the Merchant-Heeney ('quiet diplomacy') report of •965, but he quotes so little of that document that the casual reader will have difficulty understanding what all the shooting was about. On personalities the book is disappointing; we get glimpses rather than portraits. On the whole the outsiders come off worse than the Canadians; Eden and Evatt, for instance, get hard words. Heeney joins the lengthening line of close associates of Mackenzie King who make it evident that he was an unpleasant man, but he tells us little we didn't know before. On L.B. Pearson there is an extract [3⁄4om a diary contributed by the editor, not the author refbrring to him as 'a deep one whose secret self very tbw, if any, can know.' This may surprise some people, but Heeney knew Pearson well. Like Vincent Massey before him, Heeney noted the unwillingness of Canadian Cabinet ministers to speak out frankly to eminent foreigners. Iu matters of detail the editing is execrable. It may be too much to expect an editor to produce historical accuracy; but surely somebody could have checked the spelling of proper names. Also, somebody might have read the proofs. There was a time when the University of Toronto Press had a high reputation lbr its editorial work. If this book is representative, that day is gone.


Summary The radioactive isotope of iron shows that iron absorption from the gastrointestinal tract of the dog is impaired by the presence of a sterile abscess in subcutaneous tissue.


The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of adjuvants would improve the activity of Success against leafminers. Cantaloupe plots were established on 16 Aug and consisted of two 42-inch beds, 75 ft long with a two-bed untreated buffer between each plot. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in an RCB design. Foliar applications were made with a backpack CO 2 sprayer delivering 18 gpa at 50 psi through two nozzles (TX12 ConeJet) per bed. Sprays were applied on 9 and 16 Sep. Success was applied at a rate of 6 oz/acre in each treatment, and each adjuvant was applied at a rate of 0.125% vol/vol as shown in the tables. The impact of each treatment on leafminer adult mortality was estimated by counting the number of dead adults on leaf surfaces at 1-4 days following each spray application. Treatment effects on larvae were estimated by counting the number of live, dead, and parasitized larvae, and empty and total mines per leaf. Ten leaves per plot were collected and examined in the laboratory for presence of mines and larvae on 15 and 23 Sep (7 days following each application). In addition, population efficacy was determined by counts of pupae emerging from 10 randomly selected leaves in each replicate on 16 and 23 Sep. These leaves were taken into the laboratory and placed in emergence containers to allow for pupation and emergence of Liriomyza and parasitoid adults. The total number of pupae, leafminer, parasitoid adults, and dead pupae which did not yield adults were counted. Treatment means were analyzed


Propagation of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) by cuttings, begun experimentally on a small scale in 1962 at the Foundation for Forest Tree Breeding in Finland, was greatly expanded in 1969. The object is to evolve a method capable of producing planting stock in amounts large enough for forest establishment. At present rooting takes place in two plastic greenhouses which are automatically ventilated and irrigated. One of the greenhouses is also provided with a heating system. The material used in the experiments consists of the best individuals selected from young progeny tests with spruce. Rooting has been successful during the past years, increasing to 95% of a total of some 150,000 cuttings in 1972. INTRODUCTION Vegetative reproduction is of the greatest importance both as a tool in forest tree breeding and in the production of selected material for use in afforestation. Among the methods best suited for the latter purpose is reproduction by cuttings. In Finland experiments with cuttings were started in 1962 by the Foundation for Forest Tree Breeding. Larger experiments, for example, with considerable numbers of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) cuttings, were set up in 1969. The aim of these experiments is to develop propagation of spruce by means of cuttings into a method to produce planting in amounts large enough for practical use. In Finland spruce is planted out at present on a total area of some 40,000 ha (requiring about 75 million transplants) annually, and consequently using fast-growing cuttings in at least a part of this area would substantially increase timber production.