We present a new analytical methodology that allows simultaneously characterizing two unknown ultrashort pulses with the same central frequency. This analysis is based on Fourier transform spectrally resolved interferometric collinear correlations in the delay domain.


Food safety and quality concern have become more and more significant in recent years. There is therefore an increasing focus on new technologies that can be applied to food quality evaluation or safety inspection, either to simplify or speed up the checking process, or to provide additional functionality. For example, the technique of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been used for the authentication of agricultural products and food samples. Terahertz (THz) radiation, or THz wave, is electromagnetic wave lies between mid-infrared and microwave radiation. During the past decade, THz waves have been used to characterize the electronic, vibrational and compositional properties of solid, liquid and gas phase materials. The main two applications in which THz fields involved are THz spectroscopy and THz imaging. Terahertz wave technology, as a new area of research, has shown its wide prospects in imaging, diagnosis, detection, and monitoring, etc. Recently, THz technology has gained a lot of attention from biological spectral analysis to bio-medical imaging due to its unique features compared with microwave and optical waves. In this paper, a brief review is given to summarize the progress of THz techqiues in the field of food inspection. The properties of THz wave, its uniqueness in sensing and imaging applications, and the prospect of this novel technology in food industry were discussed.


The application present status of metal working fluid was summarized.Some opinions on development trend of metal working fluid were proposed.


VEMP recorded from surface electrodes over the tonically contracted sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle is a short latency biphasic electromyograms which evoked by high-level acoustic stimuli. Aim: To find the effect of posture and positioning on VEMP recording. Method: VEMP was recorded for 20 normal hearing subjects (18 to 20 years) with and no vestibular in both supine and sitting upright position with the head turned towards the contra lateral side of the stimulus. Results: Paired t test was used to compare
the latencies of p1 and n1 in both positions. Statistical evaluation showed no significant difference in p1 (at t (19) =0.840, p>0.05) and n1 (at t (19) = 0.468, p>0.05) latencies in upright and supine position. Results of this study suggest that both supine a well as upright
position can be used to record VEMP effectively.


Objective:Observation of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) was abnormal in chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients with liver histological features of changes.Methods: 42 patients with mildly elevated serum ALT(40ALT80 U/L) of CHB patients and 58 cases of hepatitis B virus carriers(ASC) cases of liver biopsy for histological examination of mildly abnormal ALT in patients with CHB ASC pathological changes in liver tissue of patients with the characteristics,while starting from the age of patients of different age groups compared to pathological changes of liver.Results: 42 patients with mildly elevated serum ALT exist in patients with pathological changes in liver,54.76%(23/42) in patients with pathological liver inflammation or fibrosis grade level above grade in the G2 or S2,one case of early liver cirrhosis patients.58 cases of ASC were 96.56%(56/58) there is change in liver histology,with 27.58%(16/58) of ASC patients with pathological liver inflammation or fibrosis grade classification in the G2 or S2 above.Boundaries for the age of 40 years in patients 40 years of age or liver fibrosis and inflammation grade rating in the G2 or S2 more the 31.67%(19/60),40 patients over the age of the inflammation grade of liver fibrosis or S2 in the G2 or above grade accounted for 50.00%(20/40),between the two age groups compared inflammation or fibrosis was significantly different P0.05.Conclusion: Mildly abnormal ALT ASC CHB patients and most patients there is changes on liver biopsy,with 54.76% of ALT in patients with mild CHB abnormal liver histological grade than in G2 or S2.Over 40 patients with CHB or ASC more serious pathological changes in liver tissue.


Abstract : A -5-year field and analysis effort to understand, measure, and predict lateral and vertical, naturally-occurring heterogeneities that may produce discrete acoustic returns at low grazing angles, "geologic clutter", in a mid-outer shelf test site was discussed and developed at a 29-30 June, 1999, workshop. The workshop included both geologists/geophysicists and acousticians, and the planned initiative involves both geologic/geophysical and ocean acoustics/signal processing components. In any littoral area, buried geologic features can contribute significantly to acoustic reverberation and clutter, which affect tactical ASW sonar systems. Proper acoustic processing, coupled with quantitative geologic models, can be used to distinguish these buried features from man-made targets. STRATAFORM studies on the continental shelf off New Jersey have shown a general lack of predictability of the shallow subsurface based simply on seafloor imagery, even given 100% coverage. A good candidate site was identified off the U.S. east coast, the ONR/STRATAFORM New Jersey shelf "natural laboratory". The participants developed a precise acoustic reverberation experiment at this site to understand, characterize, and potentially mitigate geologic clutter, so that the false detections likely to occur on tactical sonar systems in this type of marine geologic environment around the world can be characterized properly.


The bioavailability of hydrophobic organic chemicals decreases with aging in soil because of sequestration. However, assessments of the risk of exposure to contaminated soils are usually dependent on either chemical concentrations, which are measured using vigorous extraction methods, or models that assume an equilibrium without considering the actual conditions. The objective of this research was to determine the availability and desorption kinetics of freshly added and aged naphthalene from a peat and a mineral soil; naphthalene was desorbed into solutions with pH levels that approximate those found in different gastric regions. Soil and peat samples were spiked with radiolabeled and unlabeled naphthalene at 2 and 20 μg/g and were aged from 0 to 135 d. Desorption kinetics were determined using a simulated stomach solution (0.1 M NaCl, 0.1 M HCl, 0.01 M NH4Ac, pH = 1.0) and a neutral solution (0.2 M NaCl, pH = 6.7) that represented the pH of intestinal conditions and most soils. Peat sorbed much more naphthalene than did soil, and it allowed little desorption. Though both acidic and neutral extracting solutions could desorb naphthalene, little apparent effect of aging was observed in peat, whereas desorption from soil declined markedly with aging. In addition, the percentage of naphthalene that desorbed from soil was greater for the higher incubation concentration. The desorption of naphthalene from the peat and soil was higher into the neutral solution than into the gastric solution. These results suggest that aging, exposure conditions, concentration effect, and organic matter content should be taken into account in predictive models and risk assessments.


In the field of systems and control, many cooperative control problems of multi-agent systems have been actively studied in the past two decades. This article aims to organize extensive existing work on different cooperative control problems into three categories, based on three different types of graph Laplacian matrices involved. A Laplacian matrix is an important representation of graph topology, and depending on the field of its entries, there are three types: ordinary Laplacian (non-negative diagonal entries and non-positive off-diagonal entries), signed Laplacian (arbitrary real entries), and complex Laplacian (arbitrary complex entries). Each type of graph Laplacian is useful in modeling and solving a different set of cooperative control problems. In particular, their algebraic properties are fundamental in characterizing stability and performance of the respective solution algorithms. To our best knowledge, organizing the literature on multi-agent cooperative control through the lens of different graph Laplacians is new. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Mechanical deformation plays a crucial role both in the normal operation of a Lithium-Ion battery, as well as in its degradation and ultimate failure. This thesis addresses the theoretical formulation, numerical implementation, and application of fully-coupled deformationdiffusion theories aimed at two different classes of electrode materials: (i) phase-separating electrodes, and (ii) amorphous Silicon electrodes, which are elaborated on next. Central to the study of phase-separating electrodes is the coupling between mechanical deformation and the Cahn-Hilliard phase-field theory. We have formulated a thermodynamically consistent theory which couples Cahn-Hilliard species diffusion with large elastic deformations of a body. Through a split-method, we have numerically implemented our theory, and using our implementation we first studied the diffusion-only problem of spinodal decomposition in the absence of mechanical deformation. Second, we studied the chemomechanically-coupled problem of lithiation of isotropic spheroidal phase-separating electrode particles. We showed that the coupling of mechanical deformation with diffusion is crucial in determining the lithiation morphology, and hence the Li distribution, within these particles. Amorphous silicon (a-Si), when fully lithiated, has a theoretical capacity ~ 10 times larger than current-generation graphite anodes. However, the intercalation of such a large amount of Li into a-Si induces very large elastic-plastic deformations. We have formulated and numerically implemented a fully-coupled deformation-diffusion theory, which accounts for transient diffusion of lithium and accompanying large elastic-plastic deformations. We have calibrated our theory, and applied it to modeling galvanostatic charging of hollow aSi nanotubes whose exterior walls have been oxidized to prevent outward expansion. Our predictions of the voltage vs. state-of-charge (SOC) behavior at various charging rates (Crate) are in good agreement with experiments from the literature. Through simulation, we studied how plastic deformation affects the performance of a-Si-based anodes by reducing stress, thus enabling higher realizable capacities, and introducing dissipation. Finally, in order to design a-Si-based anodes aimed at mitigating failure of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), we have formulated and studied a continuum theory for the growth of an SEI layer a theory which accounts for the generation of growth stresses. Thesis Supervisor: Lallit Anand Title: Rohsenow Professor of Mechanical Engineering


"If" part in the theorem has long been known to be true. For "Only if"part Mislin's proof uses deep results from algebraic topology. In 2001 [11] V.P.Snaith gave an alternating proof of Mislin's theorem which uses also topological results. In [10] G.R.Robinson remarked that Mislin's theorem can be obtained if one could prove the non-vanishing of cohomology of certain types of trivial source kG-modules. Isomorphism classes of indecomposable trivial source kG-modules are parametralized as follows. Let P be a p-subgroup of G and S be a simple kNG(P )-module. Let M NG(P ) P,S be a projective cover of S as kNG(P )/P -module. Inflating M NG(P ) P,S to kNG(P ) and taking its Green correspondent, we obtain an indecomposable trivial source module M P,S with vertex P . And each indecomposable trivial source module is obtained in this way. P.Symonds in [13] proved the following result from which Mislin's theorem is obtained following Robinson's remark. Theorem (Symonds). In the notations above, H∗(G,MG P,S) 6= 0 if and only if CG(P ) acts trivially on S.


v Dead Roosters 1 Oreos 17 Wisteria 20 Sons of Decent Men 38 Blazer 57 Pretty Little Things 62 Joe Chandler's Wife 70 A Brief Explanation as Given by Robin Trower (the Machinist, not the Guitarist) ......... 80 Snow in Laurel 84 D.C. Girl 89 The Wonder Boy of Boulevard 103 The Deacon's Daughter 126 Sheriff 139 Vita 148


The intrinsic phase error of the parabolic equation (PE) is mainly caused by the paraxial approximation. In order to select the optimal PE form in the target scenario, we analyze the accuracy of the existing six PE forms in the typical tropospheric electromagnetic wave propagation, underwater acoustic propagation, and forest electromagnetic wave propagation scenarios through studying their phase error properties. The dispersion relation of each PE is derived. It is found that in tropospheric electromagnetic wave propagation scenario, the Lin-Duda PE is the most accurate, the Tappert and Feit-Fleck PEs are almost identical, and the Pade PE is closely followed. In underwater acoustic propagation scenario, the Pade and Lin-Duda PEs get the highest accuracy. For forest electromagnetic wave propagation scenario, Lin-Duda PE still maintains the highest accuracy. Furthermore, the acceptable propagation angle limit of each PE is given for a fixed phase error limit.


Abstract : In this project, we are using a novel intrabody approach which we have recently developed to phenotypically knock-out cyclin E in order to determine the critical role of cyclin E in establishing and maintaining the transformed phenotype of breast cancer cells, and to demonstrate whether cyclin E can be used as a therapeutic target. In last 10 months, the variable region cDNA genes of two anti-cyclin E antibodies against the cyclin box domain have been cloned, and sequenced. The cDNA genes were assembled into single-chain antibodies (sFv) consisting of immunoglobulin heavy- and light-china variable domains joined by a flexible peptide linker. The sFv fragments were then cloned into various expression vectors. We are in the process to characterize the binding activities of anti-cyclin E sFvs by using a novel recombinant phage antibody system. We will generate breast cancer cell lines expressing the anti-cyclin E intrabodies to examine the ability of the anti-cyclin E intrabodies to bind cyclin B in vivo and their effects on the morphology, growth properties and cell cycle progression of untransformed human fibroblasts and breast cancer cells.


We have shown how L-Systems can generate long genomic sequences. This has been achieved in two steps. In the first, a single L-System turned out to be sufficient to construct a full length human olfactory receptor gene. This however is only an exon. The more complicated problem of generating a genome containing both exon and intron, such as that of human mitochondrial genome has been now addressed. We have succeeded in establishing a set of L-Systems and thus solved the problem. In this context we have discussed the recent attempts at Craig Venter's group to experimentally construct long DNA molecules adopting a number of working hypotheses. A mathematical rule for generating such long sequences would shed light on various fundamental problems on various advanced areas of biology, viz. evolution of long DNA chains in chromosomes, reasons for existence of long stretches of non-coding regions as well as usher in automated methods for long DNA chains preparation for chromosome engineering. However, this mathematical principle must have room for editing / correcting DNA sequences locally in those areas of genomes where mutation and / or DNA polymerase has introduced errors over millions of years. We present the whole mitochondrial genome (exon and introns) generated by a


A kind of exchange equipment for incomplete RMB based on embedded system was designed. The market situation,functional requirements, technical principles were elaborated from the perspective of industrial design, a synchronous design method considering modeling and structure was proposed, then final design scheme was given. Feasibility of the scheme was verified by developing a prototype, which provided references for design, research and development of the relevant products.


The growth and field emission properties of nanodiamond films have been investigated. Uniform nanodiamond films with an average grain size of 10–60 nm have been successfully prepared by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique using a gas mixture of nitrogen-methane-hydrogen. Field emission results show that the threshold electric field increases, whereas the emission current density and the number of emission sites decrease with increasing mean diamond grain size. The film with a small grain size of 10 nm has a threshold electric field of 1.5 V/μm, and reaches an emission current of 780 μA/cm2 at electric field of 3.5 V/μm, demonstrating that small grain size nanodiamond films are promising material for low-field electron emitters.


Servicenics theory [1] is an extension of Gamenics theory for facilitating service engineering. It is an attempt to extend game design to the general principles of service engineering. It is based on the assumption that mobile social game design is based on the generally-applicable design paradigms of service engineering. The author proposes a six-stage view of Servicenics principles that are augmented from the four-stage golden rules of mobile social game design.


Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. P.O.B. 51666 Tabriz, Iran, email@example.com ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT Original Research Paper Received 13 July 2015 Accepted 16 August 2015 Available Online 06 September 2015 In the seismic vibrations of large and widely used structures such as dams and bridges, as well as the forced vibration tests with artificial vibrators, the dominant excitation forces are generally measurable. Not applying the inputs in the system identification is one of the main reasons for error generation in the operational modal analysis (OMA), so the non-structural dynamic characteristics due to the input excitations can be reduced by applying these inputs in the dynamic model of the system. In this paper, special modal analysis is presented in the subspace methods field that filters the excitation effect of the measured input forces from the test data using orthogonal decomposition technique and identifies the stochastic system with an optimal subspace method based on Canonical Correlation Analysis. To evaluate the proposed method, the seismic data from the Pacoima dam and forced vibration test results of the Alamosa Canyon Bridge have been used. Non-structural and noisy poles removal, and increased accuracy of the derived modal properties, specially damping ratios, can be mentioned as the important results of the study. At Pacoima dam, the SSI-Data method identifies four non-structural modes, while the proposed method derived the first two modes just like the previous results without any noise. In addition, the damping ratios of the Alamosa Bridge are derived according to the Hammer test, which were not obtained in the previous investigations. At Pacoima Dam the related damping ratios have significant association with force vibration tests.


In a high temperature rechargeable electrochemical power storage cell (10) comprising a cell housing (12) defining a cathode compartment containing a cathode (14) an anode structure is located within the cathode compartment and comprises a plurality of holders (16) filled with active anode material (40) is molten at the operating temperature of the cell. The anode structure defines a conduit (20) containing active anode material (40) and the holders (16) are flattened in shape and spaced along the conduit in series from one another. The interior of each holder is in communication with the conduit and each holder has a pair of oppositely outwardly facing major faces extending transversely to the conduit and comprising a material which is a conductor of the active anode material. The cathode occupies the spaces between the holders and the cell includes a reservoir (18) for active anode material in communication with the conduit, the reservoir in all states of charge of the cell being at least partially filled with active anode material.


This paper has as a goal, to study a few up- dated alternatives on the field of Teaching Coaching toe the focus of reflection. From the concept to autonomy we built and implement teaching strategies focussing on the development of autonomous working projects and tutorial systems, whose aim is placed in the creation of shared spaces which allow decision-taking.


BACKGROUND
Over the last few years the role of microorganisms in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has been widely discussed. Chlamydia pneumoniae activates immune cells to produce cytokines that are responsible for the formation of atheromatous carotid lesions.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study was carried out at the Department of Vascular, General and Transplantation Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, in 2002-2003, on 100 consecutive symptomatic patients with internal carotid stenosis, who underwent an endarterectomy procedure. Each patient had their carotid artery sampled in order to find C. pneumoniae DNA using the nested PCR method and some cytokines (TGF-β, VEGF, FGF, TNF-α) using immunohistochemical examination. The control group consisted of 20 young organ donors who had been diagnosed with brain death and who had their healthy carotid artery harvested. Analogous genetic and immunohistochemical tests were performed.

RESULTS
We did not confirm the presence of either cytokines or C. pneumoniae in the healthy carotid arteries. The presence of FGF was probably due to intima fibroblast activity, which is responsible for elastin and collagen synthesis for the extracellular matrix. C. pneumoniae was discovered in 68% of patients with carotid plaques. Three cytokines (TGF-β, FGF, TNF-α) were detected in atherosclerotic internal carotid arteries as well.

CONCLUSION
Chronic infection by C. pneumoniae may exacerbate carotid plaque development and may lead to its destabilization.


This linguistic study examines headlines across Spain's national press featuring the new abortion draft bill from an ideological point of view. In order to achieve this goal, we have compiled a corpus with fifty headlines taken from Spanish written press where the new bill is discussed. Data have been interpreted in the light of the discursive paradigm using, hence, a qualitative methodology. The pragmatic analysis carried out and the discussion of the results evince that right-wing press is antiabortionist while left-wing newspapers defend the organic bill 2/2010 about sexual and reproductive health, and the voluntary interruption of pregnancy. Thus, we may conclude that in Spain, conservative press adheres to current government's abortion policies, while liberal press is against these measures.


Based on considerations of the light-cone algebra of currents and pseudoscalar densities, it is suggested that either the high energy meson-nucleon cross-sections are constants (even though the pp-cross-section increases indefinitely) or that they deviate from constancy by logarithmic terms whose scale is set by a mass, of the order of at least tens of Gev, and which also characterises the consequent logarithmic violations of Bjorken scaling.


Cylindrical samples of type AISI D2 tool steel were submitted to the thermal treatments of annealing, quenching and tempering, as well as low temperature stress relieving. Then, they were nitrided in a cathodic cage at the temperatures of 400 and 480°C for 3 and 4 hours, to assess the best conditions of treatment for this material. In this technique the samples are placed on an insulating plate inside a cage that shields the cathodic potential. A systematic study was conducted to assess the efficiency of this technique in improving the hardness of the steel and without the appearance of the common problems of conventional ion nitriding, such as the edge effect. The samples nitrided using this new technique, for smaller treatment times presented layer thicknesses, crystalline phases and hardness comparable to those reported in the literature for conventional ion nitriding. It was found that nitriding for 3 hours at 480 oC resulted in a thicker compound layer, among the 3 nitring conditions tested.


C‐ANCA, which are directed against neutrophil proteinase 3 (PR3), are specific markers for the diagnosis of active Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). The correlation between C‐ANCA titre and WG disease activity suggests that these autoantibodies are involved in the development of WG, We have previously observed that C‐ANCA interfere with PR3 proteolytic activity and with complexation of PR3 with its major physiologic inhibitor α1‐antitrypsin (α1‐AT). The possible pathogenic importance of C‐ANCA may be related to the stability of C‐ANCA IgG PR3 complexes. In the present study we tested proteolysis by PR3 of human IgG and proteolysis of C‐ANCA IgG complexed to the enzyme. All human IgG subclass proteins were cleaved by PR3, Digestion products were compared with those obtained by human neutrophil elastase (HNE)‐mediated proteolysis of human IgG subclass proteins. Although cleavage products of similar size could be identified, the proteolytic activity of both enzymes towards human IgG differed. Furthermore, inhibiting C‐ANCA IgG were cleaved into small peptides when complexed to PR3. The possible pathogenic consequences or these findings will be discussed.


Financial market is increasingly more important to support household borrowing and stimulate consumption. As an important reflect of household consumer finance consciousness,borrowing behavior is receiving more attentions.This paper defines the borrowing behavior as:1.whether borrowing behavior has happened in household;2.how household gets it.By microeconomic data of CFPS,the paper uses Logit and Probit model to analyze the household individual characteristics' influence on borrowing behavior empirically,explaining the influence conditions of different individual characteristics,and what's more,relevant results and inspirations are also available.


The objective of this study was to develop a performance-competitive bio-based hybrid resin system composed of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) resin and novolac phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin for engineered wood panel manufacturing. A novolac PF resin and a bio-oil–modified PF resin were blended with MDI at weight ratios of PF to MDI of 85:15, 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75, respectively. The obtained hybrid resins were examined with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and evaluated as plywood binders. The results indicated that the gel times and viscosities of hybrid resins were closely related to the weight ratio of PF resin to MDI. At a ratio lower than 75:25, the viscosities of hybrid resins were appropriate for plywood application. FTIR results showed some reactions between the novolac PF resin and MDI. TGA results showed that reacting novolac PF resin with MDI resin possibly increased the thermal stabilities of hybrid resins in the temperature range of 150°C to 300°C. Panel performance tests showed that blending novolac PF resin with MDI increased both the dry and the wet bonding strength of panels at the optimal ratio of 50:50. Replacing phenol with bio-oil of the hybrid resin had the trend of reducing the hybrid resin gel time and increasing panel dry and wet bonding strength.


Using an innovative recruitment tool, the social network site Facebook, survey data were gathered from samples of the Australian general public and from around the world. Views on the gendering of mathematics, science, and ICT were gathered. In this paper we report the findings from six of the 15 questions on the survey, and only from respondents in predominantly Englishspeaking countries. The findings reveal that the majority was not gender-stereotyped about mathematics and related careers. However, if a gendered view was held, it was overwhelming to endorse the male stereotype. Male respondents' views were more strongly gendered than were females'.


Objective
To explore the effect of operating room active warming intervention on maternal hypothermia after planned cesarean.

Methods
According to the random number table method, from December 2016 to December 2017, 92 patients after heart failure were divided into the control group of 45 patients and the experimental group with 47 patients. Patients in the control group were conducted with the routine warming intervention, while warmed IV fluids combined with forced-air warming as active warming intervention was processed in the experimental group. The core temperature, the incidence of hypothermia, bedside shivering assessment scale, thermal comfort scores and new-born Apgar score between the two groups of patients were compared.

Results
Compared with the control group, the field of core temperature were significantly higher than those in the control group (F=5.96, P 0.05).

Conclusion
Operating room active warming intervention may have a beneficial effect on maternal hypothermia after planned cesarean, but the relevant efficacy was not shown in thefield of Apgar score.

Key words:
Active warming intervention; Cesarean section; Maternal hypothermia


BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Our aim is to determine the 30-day postpartum surgical complications in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who undergo a caesarian section rather than a vaginal delivery.

METHODS
Using the Danish national registries, we established a study population of liveborn singleton births from January 1, 1997 through December 2015. We examined all mothers with IBD who had a caesarian section or a vaginal delivery. We examined 30-day maternal postpartum abdominal and perineal surgical outcomes and adjusted for multiple confounders. We examined acute versus elective caesarian sections and the effect of immunosuppressive therapies on outcomes.

RESULTS
In women with IBD, 2.1% undergoing caesarian section (n=3,255) versus 0.3% undergoing vaginal delivery (n=6,425) had a surgical complication. Women with IBD who had a caesarian section were more likely to have small bowel and colon surgery (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 5.00, 95% CI 2.00-12.51). Similar results were found regardless of acute (aOR 4.51, 95% CI 1.48-13.76) or elective (aOR 6.52, 95% CI 2.45-17.33) caesarian section. The risk of surgery after caesarian section was increased regardless of immunosuppressive use (aOR with immunosuppressives: 8.79, 95% CI 2.86-27.05) and (aOR without: 4.49, 95% CI 1.74-11.58).

CONCLUSIONS
The risk of a surgical complication after caesarian section as compared to a vaginal delivery is increased in women with IBD, regardless of whether the caesarian is performed for acute or elective reasons and/or immunosuppressive use prior to delivery. Due to this increased risk, physicians should perform a caesarian delivery as the exception rather than the rule.


Objective The effect of disinfection by immersion in sodium perborate solution and microwave irradiation on surface roughness of one denture base resin (Lucitone 550 -L), 3 hard chairside reline resins (Tokuyama Rebase II-TR, New Truliner-NT, Ufi Gel hard-UH) and 3 resilient reline materials (Trusoft-T; Sofreliner-S, Dentusil-D) was evaluated. Material and methods Thirty specimens of each material were made and divided into 3 groups: Control - not disinfected; P - daily disinfection by immersing in sodium perborate solution (3.8%); MW - microwave disinfection (6 min/650 W). Roughness measurements were made after polymerization (baseline) and after 1, 3 and 28 days. Roughness differences relative to the baseline readings were analyzed by Student's t-test (P=0.05). Results At baseline, Trusoft showed the highest (P<0.001) mean surface roughness (3.54 µm), and its surface roughness was significantly reduced after 28 days of disinfection by immersion in sodium perborate (P=0.013). Roughness measurements of material Trusoft were not performed after microwave disinfection due to the severe alterations on the surface. In the 3 groups evaluated, changes in roughness were significant for materials Ufi Gel hard (from 0.11 to 0.26 µm; P≤0.041) and New Truliner (0.19 to 0.76 µm; P≤0.019). The roughness of materials Lucitone 550 (0.37 µm), Tokuyama Rebase II (0.37 µm), Sofreliner (0.49 µm) and Dentusil (0.38 µm) remained unaffected (P>0.05). Conclusions The roughness of the hard reline materials Ufi Gel hard and New Truliner was adversely affected by microwave disinfection, immersion in water or in sodium perborate. Microwave disinfection caused severe alterations on the surface of the resilient liner Trusoft.


It often appears as if circumpolar school administrators believe that the quality of education varies with the number of photocopiers purchased, the variety of textbooks available or the shape and novelty of their school buildings. The idea that a teacher might be the single most important factor in a child's education often escapes mention. Yet the failure of schools in northern Canada and Alaska to produce enough graduates to meet even the limited local demand for workers can be traced, almost certainly, to the absence of trained native teachers and to the total lack of continuity provided by southern teachers, who stay for only two or three years in the north, keeping their locus of existence firmly rooted in the south.


In this excerpt from her diary, Mabel Bingham shares her memories of traveling with Foursquare's founder on the famed evangelist's Transcontinental Gospel Car tour in 1918. Mabel served as Aimee Semple McPherson's stenographer during the cross-country evangelism trek.


This paper discusses improving the performance of XSLT programs that use very large numbers of similar patterns in their push-mode templates. The experimentation focusses around stylesheets used for processing DITA document frameworks, where much of the document logical structure is encoded in @class attributes. The processing stylesheets, often defined in XSLT1.0, use string-containment tests on these attributes to describe push-template applicability. For some cases this can mean a few hundred string tests have to be performed for every element node in the input document to determine which template to evaluate, which in sometimes means up to 30% of the entire processing time is taken up with such pattern matching. This paper examines methods, within XSLT implementations, to ameliorate this situation, including using sets of pattern preconditions and pretokenization of the class-describing attributes. How such optimisation may be configured for an XSLT implementation is discussed.


As design rules shrink in semiconductor manufacturing industry, defects of sizes less than 0.3 μm and less starting to raise major issues for semiconductor manufacturers. The most attention was given to investigation of defects known as COPs or Crystal Originated Particles. As experimental studies have shown these "particles" are actually "pits", a misidentification caused by lack of knowledge in these types of defects. This paper goes into detail discussing the importance of COPs, their origin and characterization and various adversary effects they cause on the performance of devices. 1. Why COPs are important? According to various studies, it is acknowledged that COPs (crystal-originated pits) on bare silicon wafers can degrade integrated circuit (IC) performance. Continued downscaling of ULSI device dimensions not only demands detection of smaller defects but also discrimination of crystal defects from real particles. COPs are crystal originated pits originating from grown-in voids on Czochralski-grown silicon wafers during wafer processing such as mirror polishing and cleaning. [9] Recent studies have shown that COPs cause failures in wafers as gate oxide degradation to deterioration of various electrical parameters, like increased leakage currents or simple defect density monitoring problems [7] 2. COPs characterization and origins Only recently discovered, octahedral void defects or crystal originated pits (COPs) are receiving a major attention from the industry, which shows their crucial importance in Silicon (Si) IC manufacturing. First these types of defects were reported in 1979 and were identified as the cause behind oxide defects. (Fig 1) Although COPs were first assumed to be crystal originated particles, a clear misnomer, later they were identified as single or octahedral multiple voids. [3] Fig. 1: Oxide defect density as a function of electric field applied to the 50 nm oxides. The source of the defects was not known and initially it did not attract much attention from the industry. And only in 1995 octahedral void defects were shown as the main cause of oxide defects and crystal originated pits (COPs). These void defects lead to formation of pits (COPs) in the crystal during CZ Si growth. Table 1 features most recent important findings related to growth-in defects in CZ Silicon. [3] Since this is still a recent discovery despite receiving major deal of interest in semiconductor IC industry, the details of void formation are not yet understood. [2] COPs are truncated octahedral void defects with dimensions around 0.10.15 μm and density of 10 –10 cm. Void defects can be found in bulk Czochralski grown Silicon (Si) (Figure 4) and on a wafer (Si) surface (Figure 3). Figure 5 shows the schematic illustration of an octahedral structure. [3] Table 1. Important findings related to grown-in defects in CZ-Si Although octahedral void defects are basically composed of eight (111) sub planes, we often observe an incomplete octahedral structure that is partially truncated by a (100) sub plane and two incomplete octahedral defects convoluting each other (dual-type void defects) (Fig. 2) The size of the defect is about 0.1 m, the defect density per unit volume is about 10– 10/ cm, and the defect density per unit area is about 1–10/ cm.Octahedral defects are basically empty or void and the inner walls of the void defects are covered with a 2–4 nm thick oxide. [4] Fig. 2: Two incomplete octahedral void defects [MEMC] Fig.3: A dual-type octahedral void defect observed on CZ-Si surface related to an oxide defect. Fig. 4: A dual-type octahedral void defect observed in bulk CZ-Si: cross-section. Fig. 5: A schematic illustration of an octahedral structure. Investigations have shown that the defects that lead to COPs are octahedral voids with thin oxide walls that turn into deep crystalline pit during polishing and standard cleaning processes. These grown-in voids are formed due to vacancy agglomeration during crystal growth when the crystal is cooled from the liquid state to the solid state at 1100-1070°C. This includes the formation of oxide growth inside the vacancy walls. Other studies suggest that the formation of grown-in voids consists of two separate processes: 1) a rapid growth at temperatures between 30-1000 °C and 2) an oxide film growth on the inner surface of the void during the cooling at about 900 °C. As you can see these two suggested void formation processes are very different from temperature perspective, but as it was mentioned before, the details of COPs formation are not clear yet and still under active investigation.[3][9] The size and density of COPs depend strongly on the crystal pulling conditions and dopant concentration. As crystal pulling rate increases, the total number of COPs increases, while the size of COPs gets smaller. [9]


Basing on the study on the references of, we present our different view and prove it theoretically and contrast to examples.


Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a prothrombotic and potentially fatal immune complication of heparin therapy. HIT is challenging to diagnose, particularly in critically ill patients where multiple causes of thrombocytopenia must be considered. Diagnostic algorithms for HIT begin with a clinical assessment, followed by laboratory testing when indicated. If Platelet Factor-4 (PF4)/heparin immunoassay and Serotonin Release Assays (SRA) are negative, HIT is deemed unlikely and heparin therapy may be resumed. Current recommendations have excluded the next step in work up for thrombocytopenia after immunoassay and functional assays result negative despite worsening thrombocytopenia following heparin re-initiation. We present the case of an 85-year-old male with multiple comorbidities, found to have a clinical course consistent with HIT despite negative serologic and functional assay results. Our case highlights the challenge in diagnosing heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in a medically complex patient and demonstrates the need for standardized recommendations following negative laboratory results despite high clinical suspicion.


The screening of pellet coating polymers and the parameters of coating technologies in manufacturing pellets by extrusion spheronization are reviewed, Three kinds of pellets are described:① enteric erythromycin;② nifedipine with high bioavailability;③ SR and CR pellets, such as acetaminophen, ketoprofen and phenylpropanolamine resin complex.


This paper reports a study of the effect of oxygen plasma etching on the mechanical and electrical properties of chemical vapor deposited (CVD) multilayer graphene. By means of scan probe microscopy (SPM), it was found that the defects were initially induced to the top graphene layer by oxygen plasma etching, which plays an incentive role in further etching. Oxygen plasma bombarding on surface of graphene enhanced the surface roughness, as well changed the tribological properties. The results of electronic transport measurements show a decrease in mobility with the increase of etching duration. These findings are valuable for studying the effects of plasma etching on graphene, and modifying the physical properties of graphene through artificially generated defects.


The growing importance of the service sector emphasises service innovation, which is seen as vital in the creation of new service offerings, service business models and service processes in both the private and public sectors. In order to identify new opportunities and design service innovations, new capacity building is needed in the rapidly changing service business environment. Consequently, this requires the development of novel pedagogical approaches and learning methods in higher education. One of these could be work-oriented project learning, which seems to be an appropriate method for accumulating new competencies and working life experiences. The purpose of this paper is to deepen understanding of work-oriented project learning in Master's degree studies in digital service design. The paper aims to develop a pedagogical model describing work-oriented project learning in higher education based on the work-oriented project learning model by Upola [14] and pedagogic Learning by Developing (LbD) model by Laurea. Work-oriented project learning is "a method for cooperative learning and learning by doing in which knowhow is acquired under the guidance of a teacher in authentic learning environments" [14]. LbD is based on learning through research and developing (R&D). According to both models, expertise and experiences are shared between teachers and students, as well as project partners and other stakeholders. The teacher members of the project team take part by providing their expertise to steer the progress of the work and, at the same time, the progress of the learning. The LbD model describes the theoretical pedagogical framework. However, as such, it does not provide conceptual tools or operational models for analysing project learning. Upola's model could also provide conceptual tools for modelling project learning in higher education. The research data was collected in two digital service design cases during a project called The Finnish Design Academy (FDA). The research data consists of the curriculum implementation plan, teacher diaries, students' self-assessment and feedback, and an assessment of the study unit made in 2019. Case study research was selected because it investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its life context and uses multiple sources of evidence. The structure of this paper is as follows. First, it discusses service design and digital service design in higher education. Second, the LbD model by Laurea is introduced, the existing work-oriented project learning model by Upola [14] is presented and its suitability for higher education is considered. In addition, the paper briefly explains the EU's standard, the EQF framework, that specifies the quality of education. Third, it presents the development of the pedagogical model of work-oriented project learning in higher education. Fourth, the paper presents the results of the development work and finally, it discusses the main contributions.


A theory, which has been advanced by the author and his co-workers, for frequency shifts of electronic absorption spectra of a nonpolar rodlike molecule in dilute nonpolar and polar solutions is extended so that it is applicable to a polar rodlike solute molecule and a nonpolar or polar disklike solute molecule. The theory takes into account higher-order multipole moments (in addition to a dipole) of the solute molecule, and its solution-phase polarizabilities are properly taken into account. Furthermore, it explains how the dispersive interaction is altered by the presence of permanent dipoles of the solvent.


The invention relates to the technical field of food, and discloses a preparation method for chicken protein enzymolysis liquid and the prepared chicken protein enzymolysis liquid. The preparation method for the chicken protein enzymolysis liquid comprises the following steps of: crushing cleaned fresh chicken pieces, adding water to soak the crushed chicken, regulating the pH value to be between 6.8 and 7.2, adding protease, performing enzymolysis for 2 to 3 hours at the temperature of between 50 and 55 DEG C, filtering, collecting the filtrate, and thus obtaining the chicken protein enzymolysis liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the fresh chicken pieces to the protease is 100:3-100:6, and the protease consists of composite protease and flavor protease in a mass ratio of 1:3. The chicken protein is hydrolyzed by adopting a biodegradation technology under the combined action of the composite protease and the flavor protease, so that the hydrolysis degree of the protein can be improved, the content of leucine with effect of improving the flavor is improved, sourness and bitterness of the enzymolysis liquid are weakened, the delicate flavor of the enzymolysis liquid is improved, the mouthfeel is improved, and the chicken protein enzymolysis liquid has fresh taste and thick fragrance.


This paper analyzes the data of the biological signals for controlling the robot controller through the EMG signal and proves intelligent user's judgment of intention is possible. For that, the DSP control board for electromyogram measurement was designed, it was utilized in the experiments by mounting a circuit for biological signal processing. In order to find the relation between the EMG output form as user muscle contration and human intention, we make a plan the experiment circumstance which is perform specific operation, and extrac tthe output data of EMG repeatedly. The output of the extracted data is converted to digital filtered control signal, and then we proceed experiment that this output form of the data can show the intention of the user. Incertain circumstances, we utilize three kinds of data, biceps and triceps, forearm triceps, and we gain the result data between the concentric and eccentric contraction of muscle during the time of no load.Using this experiment result, we prove that the outputform of the biological signal is associated withthe user's intention,it can be expected to affect the number of studiesof the biological signal processing and control applicationsin future studies.


These Comparative genomics and genomic tools have been used to identify virulence factors and genes involved in environmental persistence of pathogens. However, a major stumbling block in the genomics revolution has been the large number of genes with unknown function that have been identified in every organism sequenced to date. Over 1740 bacterial genome sequences are currently available in public databases and over 5230 are in progress, representing hundreds of species as well as multiple strains of the same species. The study of these genomes by both computational and experimental approaches has significantly advanced our understanding of the physiology and pathogenicity of many microbes and provided insights into the mechanisms and history of genome evolution. Several ''postgenomic'' methods have been utilized to identify genes that are essential for bacterial growth or pathogenesis. Here we demonstrate the utility of several DNA and protein sequence comparison tools to interpret the information obtained from several genome projects. Comparisons are presented between closely related strains of Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis spp. The comparative genome analysis will generate a wealth of data to compare pathogenic strains with varying levels of pathogenicity, which in turn may reveal mechanisms by which the pathogen may adapt to a particular host.


Currently, blindness cannot be cured and patients' living quality can be compromised severely. Ultrasonic neuromodulation is a promising technology for the development of non-invasive cortical visual prosthesis. We investigated the feasibility of transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) for noninvasive stimulation of the visual cortex to develop improved visual prosthesis. tFUS was used to successfully evoke neural activities in the visual cortex (VC) of both normal and retinal degenerate (RD) blind rats. Our results showed that blind rats showed more robust responses to ultrasound stimulation compared to normal rats. (p<0.001, two-sample t-test). Three different types of ultrasound waveforms were used in the three experimental groups. Different types of cortical activities were observed when different US waveforms were used. In all rats, when stimulated with continuous ultrasound waves, only short-duration responses were observed at 'US on & off' time points. In comparison, pulsed waves evoked longer low-frequency responses. Testing different parameters of pulsed waves showed that a pulse repetition frequency higher than 100Hz is required to obtain the low-frequency responses. Based on the observed cortical activities, we inferred that acoustic radiation force (ARF) is the predominant physical mechanism of ultrasound neuromodulation.


Medical consumables management has become the important part of hospital quality management.In this paper,combined with the characteristics of hospital workers,through the analysis of medical consumables management present situation and the existence question.Further put forward the Countermeasures,considered to be from three aspects to strengthen management,reduce the cost of supplies:①Improve the organization construction,normative system,strict access;②with the performance appraisal means to promote consumptive material management;③the construction of online materials purchase management system supplies process management.


In this paper we formulate a general method for building completely integrable quantum systems. The method is based on the use of the so-called multi-parameter spectral equations, i.e. equations with several spectral parameters. We show that any such equation, after eliminating some spectral parameters by means of the so-called inverse procedure of separation of variables can be reduced to a certain completely integrable model. Starting with exactly or quasi-exactly solvable multi-parameter spectral equations we, respectively, obtain exactly or quasi-exactly solvable integrable models.


Social tagging has put manual indexing back on the map by establishing itself as a new way of indexing. At the same time it represents a new way to create, use and share knowledge. Beginning with a literature overview this article takes a methodical approach to the phenomenon of tagging and summarises the state of the art. It deals with terminological aspects and explores what is indeed new about this method, what the practice of tagging looks like and which strengths and weaknesses derive from it. Finally, suggestions on how social tagging's potential can be realised more fully are presented.


SUMMARY

This paper proposes affine-projection blind multiuser detection with block length control for improvement of convergence speed in DS-CDMA (direct sequence code division multiple access) systems in a multipath environment. The traditional method of controlling the block length is discussed for the situation in which the desired signal of the system is given. But due to the difficulty of the application of the above method to blind multiuser detection, some suitable improvements are performed in the proposed method. These give the proposed method advantages over the traditional detectors.


Long term health conditions, such as fall risk, are traditionally diagnosed through testing performed in hospital environments. Smart Homes offer the opportunity to perform continuous, long-term behavioural and vitals monitoring of residents, which may be employed to aid diagnosis and management of chronic conditions without placing additional strain on health services. A profile of the resident's behaviour can be produced from sensor data, and then compared over time. Activity Recognition is a primary challenge for profile generation, however many of the approaches adopted fail to take full advantage of the inherent temporal dependencies that exist in the activities taking place. Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) is a form of recurrent neural network that uses previously learned examples to inform classification decisions. In this paper we present a variety of approaches to human activity recognition using LSTMs which consider the temporal dependencies present in the sensor data in order to produce richer representations and improved classification accuracy. The LSTM approaches are compared to the performance of a selection of baseline classification algorithms on several real world datasets. In general, it was found that accuracy in LSTMs improved as additional temporal information was presented to the classifier.


Beginning with Mark C. Taylor's Crisis on Campus, and its critique of the structure and delivery of contemporary higher education, this essay argues that if there is a crisis in education, it is not technical, not reducible to the delivery of education. If there is a crisis, it lies in the contemporary world's misunderstanding of the goals or ends of the university. Borrowing Antonin's Sertillanges' account of reading from the Intellectual Life, the essay concludes by suggesting that the goal of university education is formation of the mind, not mastery, edification, of entertainment.


ABSTRACT The smartphone has become an integral part of modern life. Many people cannot imagine a life without their smartphone. The sole focus of this research is to create and validate a measure of smartphone orientation to reflect individuals' interactions with their smartphones as a part of their everyday lifestyle. Presently, the literature offers a variety of smartphone addiction scales of which many suffer from inadequate assessment of the scale's reliability, validity, theoretical underpinnings, and most scales have too many items. Additionally, research suggests that several of these scales are only weakly associated with actual smartphone use. Across three studies and 867 respondents, a rigorous process was undertaken to create and validate the Smartphone Orientation Scale (SOS). Study 1 involved defining smartphone orientation, creating the scale items, and using a survey of 288 US adults to assess the scale's psychometric properties and nomological validity; scale analysis resulted in an 8-item SOS scale which exhibits both convergent and discriminant validity. Study 2 surveyed 163 undergraduates to further assess the validity of the SOS; results provide evidence of discriminant, convergent, and nomological validity. Study 3 utilized a survey of 416 undergraduates and found that the SOS was positively associated with social media usage, social media intensity, and actual smartphone use. Overall, the above research offers a valid, 8-item scale that can be used to measure the intensity of an individual's smartphone orientation. Recent research shows that how we relate to our technology impacts our well-being. Future research directions and study limitations are also discussed.


The Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) project will provide its end users with new weather radar data with finer spatial and temporal resolution than existing WSR-88D data. It is not clear what impact this new information will have on emergency managers. This work introduces a descriptive decision-making model of emergency management during the four severe weather phases: Pre-Storm, Severe Weather Watch, Severe Weather Warning, and Severe Weather Event. The initial model describes EMs' use of information and their decisions made. Eleven emergency managers participated in three questionnaires and two part-task simulated weather scenarios based on archived weather data. This work then refines the Severe Weather Warning phase of the model by validating the entries and adding data concerning the role of the information and precursors to decisions made and actions taken. The scenarios also highlight problems that EMs have with interpreting velocity data and with integrating data from multiple radar sources. These results will impact CASA system visualization design and training.


The Author describes four automatic-control systems supplied to Delian Cruises by Baily Meters and Controls Ltd for two twin-screw cruise liners. Both were propelled by direct-drive slow-speed Diesel engines, of the Doxford "L" type in one and opposed-piston H & W--B & W in the other. In addition to allowing each engine to be operated if desired in the manner used before the application of automatic control, each control system had to satisfy the following basic requirements: 1. Main engines to be manoeuvrable by one engine officer with a reduced watch-keeping complement for the main engine room. 2. Main engines to be controlled from the engine room during manoeuvres, with bridge control of the main-engine speed under Navigation (Full away) conditions. 3. Emergency stop trip of each engine to be possible from bridge and engine-room consoles. 4. An alarm system with repeaters on the bridge for conditions likely to prevent continued running of the main engines in automatic control. 5. If one engine is stopped by an emergency stop trip operated by an alarm, or by an operator under Navigation condition, the other main engine to revert to Dead Slow Ahead. Each complete system was engineered from a comprehensive range of the Company's standard control "building blocks" to form the various sub-systems described by the Author under the headings of interlock and alarm systems, speed-control systems, control drives, and power supplies. Order from: BSRA as No. 46,993.


through the introduction of the principles of personal finance in cooking classes or sewing instruction. A problem exists in getting people to attend these classes; a much greater problem would exist in attempting to get them to attend personal finance classes per se. Since the low-income groups feel that there are already too many people telling them what they should do, education on spending must be done in an indirect manner.


Synopsis

An account is given of the embryonic and nymphal development of Chorthippus brunneus kept under different conditions in the laboratory, and the significance of egg diapause is discussed.


In view of Chua's circuit's characters and the deficient in DES algorithm, the paper presents a new image encryption scheme based on DES algorithm and chaotic encryption. The chaotic sequence is implemented in the DES algorithm to improve the initial keys and the iterating operations, so that the chaotic encryption is combined with DES algorithm. Theory analysis and simulation results show that the presented scheme can expand the initial key space, improve the security and anti-attack ability of the algorithm effectively. It is more propitious to image information transmission as this scheme insures the security and confidentiality of image information.


Examination of the materials on Cavatorium dumetorum (Dlabola, 1981), including the type specimens, revealed that Dlabola (1981) based his description of this species on mixed type series. C. dumetorum sensu stricto is clearly distinguished by male anal tube with latero-apical processes and ventral phallobase lobe narrowing apically. Another species, externally close to C. dumetorum, but well recognized by male anal tube without processes and ventral phallobase lobe not narrowing apically, is described as new basing on the paratypes of C. dumetorum and other material available. C. dumetorum is re-described and a key to species of the genus is provided.


Electrical Discharge Machining, Surface Roughness, pulse on time, pulse off time, burnishing. Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) applies the concept of material eradication by utilizing electric spark erosion. The target of this exploration concentrates to examine the ideal procedure parameters of EDM on Aluminum 6061-T6as a workpiece with copper as a tool electrode. The effect of various process operators 'on machining rendering was examined. Internal factors with current (10, 20, 30) Ampere, pulse on time (50, 100, 150) μs was used after which takes pulse off time (25, 50, 75) μs. All parameters applied for empirical acts with influence on Ra (surface roughness ). The result showed that MRR" Material Removal Rate" is increment by expanding in current and pulse on time and it declines by expanding in pulse off time. Optimal condition are gained when using " Using current 30 Ampere, pulse on time is 150 μs and minimize assessment of pulse off time is 25 μs. How to cite this article: S. H. Aghdeab, A. G. Abdulameer, A. B. Abdulwahhab and M. H . Ismiel, "Improve the surface characteristics of the electric discharge machining by means of a method burnishing process," Engineering and Technology Journal, Vol. 38, Part A, No. 04, pp. 545-551, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.v38i4A.308


Based on time domain simulation of serious faults using BPA program,this paper introduces the research on setting and coordinating of out-of-step separation system in China southern power grid.The performance of the out-of-step system and the stability of the electrical isolated islands after separation are analyzed,especially considering the impact of under-voltage load shedding and different separation location.The simulation result waves are played back to the out-of-step separation devices by new developed instrumentation to verify the domain analysis results.For this reason,a real-time closed-loop test system is established,which is composed of real-time digital simulation model(RTDS) for AC/DC hybrid power systems of China southern power grid,out-of-step separation system,power amplifier and DC control protection devices.Finally,a suggested setting modification for current out-of-step separation system is given.


Entrepreneurship in order to generate income and employment is one of the most important tools for rural development and the present study has been prepared with the same purpose and as the evaluation of rural performance in improving entrepreneurship infrastructure for rural entrepreneurship development in Khalilabad city. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method, which used library and field methods to collect information and a researcher-made questionnaire for field data. The sample population was randomly studied using Cochran's formula including 370 people in 23 villages of the city. The results obtained in the villages of the city show that the performance of rural villagers in Khalilabad city in order to develop rural entrepreneurship has been weak. The villages of the city, except for the development of public infrastructure (water, electricity, etc.) in other areas of entrepreneurial infrastructure have not performed well and have not been able to achieve the desired goals.


Ketamine abuse is on the increase in Malaysia. Neurodegenerative change following ketamine use results in debilitating behavioural and cognitive dysfunctions. These changes are thought to be the consequences of network and cellular disorganization and degeneration in the brain involving areas such as hippocampus. Ketamine works by blocking NMDA receptor and hence ketamine research has value in study on NMDA-related neurological disorders such as schizophrenia. This work study the histological change in rats brain which was exposed to ketamine and the effect of treating ketamine-exposed rats with haruan traditional extract (HTE) a substance which has been shown to have positive neuroregenerative function in cell culture study. The changes were studied using cresyl violet and parameters such as pathological score, dead cell count and degenerative change were evaluated. It was demonstrated that ketamine influences these parameters in exposure length-dependent manners and degenerative change could be ameliorated by supplementation with haruan therapeutic extract (HTE) pre-damage induction but not post-damage induction. The result adds to the growing number of evidence on neuroplasticity, and the possible role of non-endogenous substances in protecting as well as inducing genesis of neurons for diseases that share similar pattern of neurological change as ketamine-abused subjects.


Aim Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) provides an opportunity for the identification of hypogammaglobulinemia. This study was performed to assess the correlation between the lower limit of the gamma globulin reference range following introduction of a new method of SPE and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels measured by nephelometry. Methods Reference ranges were determined for SPE (SEBIA Hydrasys 2) by analysis of 120 normal samples. Samples without paraproteins (n = 122) were subsequently analysed by both SPE and nephelometry. Samples with gamma globulin values ≤7 g/L were preferentially chosen to concentrate on the more clinically relevant lower limit cut-off. Results The gamma globulin levels estimated by SPE and IgG levels by nephelometry correlated strongly (R2 = 0.901). However, the reference range determined by the guidelines had a low sensitivity (53%) and good specificity (96%) for identifying hypogammaglobulinemia. With the adjusted lower limit of 6.4 g/L, the sensitivity improved to 93% while good specificity was maintained at 92%. Discussion SPE correlates strongly with nephelometry. This study highlights that even with stringent determination of the reference range as per recommended guidelines, ongoing evaluation is necessary to refine the limits in order to maximise the detection of clinically significant abnormalities.


Late Paleozoic magmatic rock outcrops are common in the Northern Alxa, Southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), which is a key area for understanding tectonic processes and defining the final closure time of the Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO). We present zircon U‒Pb chronology and whole-rock geochemistry data for late Paleozoic magmatic rocks from the Yagan area of northern Alxa. This paper reveals two periods of magmatism: syenogranite (374.8 Ma) and bimodal intrusive rocks, which consist of gabbro (261.4 Ma), diabase (262.9 Ma) and biotite monzogranite (263.4 Ma). The syenogranite is high-K calc-alkaline and shows enrichments in Th, Zr, Hf and LREEs; depletions in Sr, Nb, Ta, and Ti; and low Mg# values (6.9–13.2); the syenogranite was derived from partial melting of the crust and has volcanic arc characteristics. The gabbro and diabase have similar geochemical characteristics, such as enrichments in Pb, Rb, Sr, Zr, and Hf and depletions in Nb, Ta, and Ti, with positive εHf(t) values (+0.9–+2.7 and +2.6–+3.6, respectively), indicating that they originated from partial melting of depleted mantle and experienced crustal contamination during magma emplacement. The biotite monzogranite shows depletions in Nb, Ta, and Ti and εNd (t) values of -2.6 to −2.4 and resulted from partial melting of the lower crust caused by asthenospheric underplating. The bimodal intrusive rocks formed in a postcollision extensional setting. Combined with previous data, we conclude that northern Alxa was an active continental margin during the late Devonian and that the final closure of the Yagan branch ocean of the PAO occurred prior to the middle Permian.


This research paper aims to explore the underlying cloud computing architectures with respect to security and auditing services. As most of the standards have not been defined yet for cloud computing, academic and industrial researchers are participating with their ideas and proofs. We have surveyed and classified the available cloud computing architectures into three categories which are 1) Architecture of Cloud Computing Security and Auditing, 2) Data Storage Security, Privacy and Auditing of Data Leakage, and 3) Security and Auditing of Malicious Acts. This taxonomy and analysis of existing cloud architectures will be helpful to address the primary issues focusing the security and auditing perspectives in future research.


Design Commercialization, which appeared in the field of architectural design as a new tendency, after analyzing the cause of formation of the tendency and design means, this paper discusses and reconsiders it in some aspects. It is expected to be helpful for architectural design.


Part I Introduction Review: Floer cohomology The $A_\infty$ algebra associated to a Lagrangian submanifold Homotopy equivalence of $A_\infty$ algebras Homotopy equivalence of $A_\infty$ bimodules Spectral sequences Part II Transversality Orientation Appendices Bibliography Index.


This paper explores a MAC (Medium Access Control) layer throughput with DCF (Distributed Coordination Function) protocol in the IEEE 802.11a/g-based mobile LAN. It is evaluated in both error-free and error-prone wireless channel with the maximum transmission rate of 54 Mbps, using theoretical analysis method. The DCF saturation throughput performance is analyzed by using the number of stations with both variable payload size and mobile speed on the condition that fading margin and transmission probability are fixed.


ABSTRACT The temperature tolerances of Echinometra mathaei, Diadema setosum, Tripneustes grattila, and Echinothrix calamaris were ascertained by measuring the time required for inverted individuals to right themselves after exposure to a range of temperatures (12–35°C) for varying periods of time. Ability to recover from exposure to an experimental temperature was also measured after a return to the environmental temperature (27°C). Echinometra mathaei and D. setosum are functionally more eurythermal than T. gratilla or Echinothrix calamaris. Echinometra mathaei was most tolerant to high temperatures. In all cases, the sea urchins were more tolerant of temperatures below than above environmental temperature.


Neogrisemycin (1) was isolated from recombinant Streptomyces albus J1074 strain SB4061 expressing an engineered thioangucycline (TAC) biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC). The structure and absolute configuration of 1 were established by a combination of mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Like the TACs, 1 was also proposed to derive non-enzymatically from the common epoxide (8), the nascent product encoded by the tac BGC, mediated by endogenous hydrogen trisulfide.


Scientific relevance. The main cause of cardiovascular pathologies is atherosclerosis, which is secondary to lipid metabolism disorders, in particular, the accumulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Dyslipidaemia treatment with the largest evidence base predominantly includes statins in combination therapy, but their use is limited by into lerance in some patients. Alternatively, the treatment may include proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors.Aim. The study aimed to analyse the applicability of PCSK9 inhibitors in patients with statin intolerance.Discussion. According to the literature analysis, the most common presentation of statin intolerance is statin-associated muscle symptoms. The pathogenesis of statin-associated adverse events is mainly mediated by HMG-CoA reductase inhibition, treatment effects on cellular and subcellular processes and skeletal muscles, and patients' genetic makeup. The mechanism of action of PCSK9 inhibitors is entirely different and involves binding and inactivation of the PCSK9 protein, which lowers blood LDL cholesterol levels. PCSK9 inhibitors have been associated with some adverse drug reactions, most notably immunogenicity; however, PCSK9 inhibitors effectively reduce LDL levels even if patients develop antibodies.Conclusions. Therefore, PCSK9 inhibitors are a safe, well-tolerated, and effective therapeutic strategy for hyperlipidaemia in patients with statin intolerance.


Naturally, titanium oxide (TiO2) is present in three crystalline forms, namely rutile (tetragonal), anatase (tetragonal), and brookite (orthorhombic). The rutile phase is the thermodynamically most stable phase, while the anatase and brookite are the metastable phases [1]. The application of TiO2 is strongly influenced by its form [2]. The rutile phase is commonly used as a pigment material because of its chemical stability [3], whereas anatase is applied widely in photochemical cells due to its high photoactivity [4]. The TiO2 rutile phase has a band gap energy (Eg) of 3.02 to 3.24 eV, whereas anatase is about 3.23 to 3.59 eV [5]. The band gap energy of TiO2 corresponds to the maximum absorption wavelength ranging from 365 to 413 nm (UV region). This is the problem in solar-based TiO2 applications because only 3 to 5 % of the sunlight is emitted in the UV region [6]. Efforts have been made to improve TiO2 response to visible light [7]. One of those was by nonmetallic doping. Nitrogen performs as the most effective dopant due to the similarity in size with oxygen atom and has small ionization energy, i.e. 1402.3 kJ/mol [8]. Therefore, nitrogen-doped TiO2 becomes an interesting material to be studied in terms of synthesis, characterization and application [9]. Several methods to synthesize TiO2 have been introduced, such as sol gel [10], solvothermal [11], thermal decomposition [12] and hydrothermal [13]. The hydrothermal method is the most frequently chosen method in the synthesis of TiO2, because this method facilitates the reaction at low temperature and produces Hydrothermal Synthesis of Chloride Free Nitrogen Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles


A producing methods of a passenger detector is provided to adjust precisely expansion degree of an airbag for a long term by reducing deviation of resistance value and increasing endurance of a pressure reduction resistance part. A producing methods of a passenger detector comprises a step of forming a PPD lower pattern consisting of a plurality of sensors and a connection part on one side of a lower film, and an SBR lower pattern consisting of a plurality of sensing parts and a linking part on a lower film(S17); a step of forming PPD upper pattern including a pressure reduction resistor part and an SBR upper pattern including a corresponding sensing part and a corresponding linking part on upper film(S25,S27); a step of boring a connection hole on double sided tape in order to conform a plurality of sensors and sensing part to the connection hole; and a step of adhering the lower film and the upper film through a double sided tape for the sensors, the pressure reduction resistor part, the sensing part, and the twin sensing part to face each other.


A new screening tool based on the previously developed mnemonic designed to assist physicians with obtaining a psychosocial history from adolescents as part of a routine visit was developed by researchers at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario.


Gravitational waves affect the observed direction of light from distant sources. At telescopes, this change in direction appears as periodic variations in the apparent positions of these sources on the sky; that is, as proper motion. A wave of a given phase, traveling in a given direction, produces a characteristic pattern of proper motions over the sky. Comparison of observed proper motions with this pattern serves to test for the presence of gravitational waves. A stochastic background of waves induces apparent proper motions with specific statistical properties, and so, may also be sought. In this paper we consider the effects of a cosmological background of gravitational radiation on astrometric observations. We derive an equation for the time delay measured by two antennae observing the same source in an Einstein-de Sitter spacetime containing gravitational radiation. We also show how to obtain similar expressions for curved Friedmann-Robertson-Walker spacetimes.


Silicate clay minerals, metal oxides and organic matter (OM) are the major colloidal components that determine adsorption behaviors of herbicides in soils. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of size distribution and the components of soil clay on the adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in a tropical soil. The clay particles of surface soils (0-20 cm) of an Oxisol were separated into whole (<2.0 μm), coarse (0.2-2.0 μm), and fine (<0.2 μm) fractions through subsequent treatments of removing OM and free Fe oxides (Fe(subscript d)). The adsorption isotherm data were analyzed based on the Freundlich and Langmuir models. The analytical results indicated that the adsorbed amounts of 2,4-D on coarse clay and fine clay fractions were greater than those on whole clay fractions. When OM is removed, the surface of silicate clay is only coated by Fe oxides, which are positively charged at pH 6-7 and exhibit a stronger affinity for deprotonated 2,4-D. The removal of Fe(subscript d) from the H2O2 treated clay reduced 2,4-D adsorption. This indicates that silicate clays adsorb fewer amounts of deprotonated 2,4-D if the Fe oxides are removed from the surface of silicate clays.


Synthesis and characterization of SnO2 thin films with various types of doping materials such as aluminum, fluorine and indium have been successfully carried out. This study aims to determine the effect of various types of doping materials on the quality of thin films such as the energy band gap produced. The results showed that the higher the doping concentration, the more transparent the layer formed. In addition, the optical properties of thin films such as band gap energy are affected by the applied doping. The direct and indirect values of the largest band gap energy for the percentage of 95:5% are 3.62 eV and 3.92 eV are found in the SnO2: In thin layer. Meanwhile, the lowest direct and indirect values of band gap energy are in the thin layer of SnO2:(Al+F+In) for a percentage of 85:15%, namely 3.41 eV and 3.55 eV. The greater the amount of doping given, the smaller the bandgap energy produced. In addition, the more combinations of doping mixtures (aluminum, fluorine, and indium) given, the smaller the bandgap energy produced. This shows that the quality of a thin film of SnO2 produced is influenced by the amount of concentration and the type of doping used


T Finite element modelling was conducted on notched members subjected to proportional and non-proportional loading. A recently developed cyclic plasticity model capable of accurately describing cyclic material behaviour was implemented into a finite element code. A plate with a central hole and a shaft with a circumference groove were studied. Approximate methods for the notched problems were critically evaluated using the finite element results.


Hairy cell leukemia-variant (HCL-variant) is a rare B-cell disorder of hairy cell leukemia cases. The main features are splenomegaly, lymphocytosis and cytopenias without monocytopenia. Diagnosis is based on the distinctive hairy cell morphology and immunophenotype. Cells from hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and HCL-variant have a distinct immunophenotype which is of a mature but not terminally differentiated activated B-cell. We experienced a case of HCL-variant in a 50-year-old man with marked splenomegaly and skin eruptions. Peripheral blood smear showed abnormal lymphoid cells with cytoplasmic projections. The bone marrow was easily aspirated and showed hypercellularity and diffuse interstitial infiltration of hairy cells. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) reactivity was negative in the hairy cells. Immunophenotyping results of lymphoid cells were CD2 (-), CD3 (-), CD5 (-), CD7 (-), CD10 (-), CD19 (++), CD20 (+++). sKappa (-), sLambda (+). CD23 (-), CD25 (-), FMC7 (+) and CD103 (++).


Galectin‐1 (Gal‐1), a ubiquitous β‐galactoside‐binding protein expressed by various normal and pathological tissues, has been implicated in cancer and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases in consequence of its regulatory role in adhesion, cell viability, proliferation, and angiogenesis. The functions of Gal‐1 depend on its affinity for β‐galactoside‐containing glycoconjugates; accordingly, the inhibition of sugar binding blocks its functions, hence promising potential therapeutic tools. The Tyr‐Xxx‐Tyr peptide motifs have been reported to be glycomimetic sequences, mainly on the basis of their inhibitory effect on the Gal‐1–asialofetuin (ASF) interaction. However, the results regarding the efficacy of the Tyr‐Xxx‐Tyr motif as a glycomimetic inhibitor are still controversial. The present STD and trNOE NMR experiments reveal that the Tyr‐Xxx‐Tyr peptides studied do not bind to Gal‐1, whereas their binding to ASF is clearly detected. 15N,1H HSQC titrations with 15N‐labeled Gal‐1 confirm the absence of any peptide–Gal‐1 interaction. These data indicate that the Tyr‐Xxx‐Tyr peptides tested in this work are not glycomimetics as they interact with ASF via an unrevealed molecular linkage.


The World Wide Web is an interlinked collection of billions of web documents. Due to the growing and dynamic nature of the web, it has become a challenge to traverse all URLs in the web documents by a crawler module. So it has become imperative to parallelize a crawling process. The crawler process is further being parallelized in the form ecology of crawler workers that in parallel download information from the web. This paper proposes a novel architecture of parallel crawler, which is based on topic specific crawling, makes crawling task more effective, scalable and load-sharing among the different crawlers which parallel downloading the web pages related to different topics. The proposed crawler will crawl and download the web pages which are related to given topic(s).


Eminonu/Hocapasa Safveti Dervish Lodge Safveti Dervish Lodge was builded by Musâ Safveti Pasha in 1845 according to Asar-i Ziver Pasa Divan ve Munseat. Safveti Dervish Lodge is one of four important Halidi Lodges in Istanbul. Halidi Tarikat was founded by Mevlâna Halid Bagdadi in 19th century as a branch of Naksibendiye. Halidi dervish generally hit it off with Ottoman administrative and supported Panislamist politics of Sultan Abdulhamid II. This lodge is in a complex of buildings which included a main building and masjid and sheikh's residence (mesruta) as in many other instances. Originally, There were furthermore structeres as bath, library, kitchen, barn, abdesthane etc. in Safveti Lodge according to foundation document (vakfi ye). The buildings in complex are used with diff erent functions as primary school, storage and shop. Therefore, some buildings losed original architecturel features and even some of the structures in complex are demolished. Keywords: Dervish Lodge, Safveti Musâ Pasa, Halidi, Entail, Hocapasa


The present paper is an attempt to demarcate the fields of Semantics and Pragmatics. The traditional problem of intrusion of Semantics upon the field of Pragmatics may be a consequence ci the conception of Semantics as the study of designation. This relation between a linguistic sign and an extralinguistic entity involves a connection with contextual parameters typical of the domain of Pragmatics. As a solution to this problem, the present proposal is to define Semantics on a functional, structural criterion. This entails conceiving Semantics within the domain of the representative function of language, being the systematic study of signification its only object of study. This definition, then, favours a view of Pragmatics as the study pertaining to the domain of the expressive-appellative function of language, and focusing on meaning as conveyed in a communicative situation.


SnO2 nanoparticles prepared by detonation the mixed gas of hydrogen,oxygen and tin tetrachloride was a now method.Its polymorphs,morphology and particle size were characteried by means of XRD,TEM, HRTEM and zetasizer nano and summarized the influence of the initial pressure on the product.The results showed that the synthesized nano-tin dioxide was pure rutile phase,and a grain does not exist.With the improvement of the initial pressure,the grain size of the tin dioxide was reduced,but the particle size was larger, the particles are spherical and appear reunion,dispersion variation.


According to the vehicle energy conservation and emissions reduction, it is applied the integrated technology of machinery, single chip microcomputer and hydraulic transmission to design mechatronics device which can be used for urban transit vehicle braking energy recovery. Using hydraulic accumulator as the energy storage and release components, based on embedded microcomputer control technology and electro-hydraulic proportional valve control technology, using sensors to collect vehicle operation condition parameters, through single chip microcomputer intelligent control to make the vehicle has the function of adaptive recovery and release energy when braking and start. The application of this device, with energy conservation and emissions reduction, has the effect of reducing vehicle emissions.


The dynamic nature of the petroleum product availability in Nigeria between 1990 and 1999 was studied to establish the practices involved at various levels in its production distribution chain. The system dynamics methodology used to analyze the system practice reveals that the crucial areas in the industry are the storage and distribution network, production, cost structure and pricing, as well as product demand. The dynamic equations contain four level variables, ten rate variables and seven auxiliary variables whose simulation Is built In the Java programming language.Three main control variables were identified: price, importation, and the domestic refining capacity. The refinery utilization was below 60 % with an efficiency of 92 % based on premium yield quality of product. The maximum availability of product was 0.831. The dynamic analysis of the system showed that the policy of 40 % price increment annually could achieve an availability of 0.74 on average. Likewise, a 70 % capacity utilization of the refineries could achieve an availability of above 1 with augmentation of about 50 % demand from importation which is only expedient in the short run, but this also requires proper maintenance practice. A gradual deregulation of the downstream petroleum sector in Nigeria is also advocated, as this will enhance competition and equipment availability.


Nowadays, the two dimensional discrete wavelet transform 2D-DWT has become a very important tool in the field of image processing. Several architectures for implementing DWT are proposed. In this paper we present an architecture for implementing the DWT based on the convolution algorithm. This implementation is fully described in VHDL and implemented in an FPGA component.


The rapid growth of industrial town and factories has paved the way to develop our industrial legislation accordingly. The Government of India never expressed their interest in framing separate legislation vis-a-vis factories which resulted in implementation of the same statute which was enacted pre- independence. It was done by virtue of Art. 372 of the Constitution of India. However, the Constitutional Lawmakers created vacuum for the implementation of new statute in accordance with the demand of society by inserting scope under the Directive Principles of State Policies. However, in the 65 years history of Indian republic, there are unprecedented developments of law relating to factories in India. The Government of India, with the adoption of existed statute, made an effort to incorporate the welfare legislation but it never developed along with the change in time. It is significant to note that As far as existing statutes are concerned, the development is an effect of judicial pronouncement or some tragic incident like Bhopal Gas Tragedy. This Research paper succinctly describes the history of factory legislation, the constitutional validity of the previous statute and necessary amendment which have already been done and/ or on the verge of being amended. It will further discuss contribution of judiciary in developing the law relating to factories, scope of Industrial Jurisprudence in promoting the development of factory legislation. The primary focus of the research project is to reflect upon the areas where factory legislation has developed, so that proper yardstick could be made in order to put emphasis on those areas which have been remained untouched.


Screening involves testing asymptomatic individuals who have risk factors, or individuals who are in the early stages of a disease, in order to decide whether further investigation, clinical intervention, or treatment is warranted. Therefore, screening is classically a primary prevention strategy which aims to capture disease early in its course, but it can also involve secondary prevention in individuals with established disease. In the words of Geoffrey Rose, screening is a 'population' strategy. Examples of screening programmes are blood pressure monitoring in primary care to screen for hypertension, and ultrasound examination to screen for abdominal aortic aneurysm. The effectiveness and feasibility of screening are influenced by several factors. First, the diagnostic accuracy of the screening test in question is crucial. For example, exercise ECG testing, although widely used, is not recommended in investigation of chest pain in current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines, due to its low sensitivity and specificity in the detection of coronary artery disease. Moreover, exercise ECG testing has even lower diagnostic accuracy in asymptomatic patients with coronary artery disease. Second, physical and financial resources influence the decision to screen. For example, the cost and the effectiveness of CT coronary angiography and other new imaging modalities to assess coronary vasculature must be weighed against the cost of existing investigations (e.g. coronary angiography) and the need for new equipment and staff training and recruitment. Finally, the safety of the investigation is an important factor, and patient preferences and physician preferences should be taken into consideration. However, while non-invasive screening examinations are preferable from the point of view of patients and clinicians, sometimes invasive screening tests may be required at a later stage in order to give a definitive diagnosis (e.g. pressure wire studies to measure fractional flow reserve in a coronary artery). The WHO's principles of screening, first formulated in 1968, are still very relevant today. Decision analysis has led to 'pathways' which guide investigation and treatment within screening programmes. There is increasing recognition that there are shared risk factors and shared preventive and treatment strategies for vascular disease, regardless of arterial territory. The concept of 'vascular medicine' has gained credence, leading to opportunistic screening in other vascular territories if an individual presents with disease in one territory. For example, post-myocardial infarction patients have higher incidence of cerebrovascular and peripheral arterial disease, so carotid duplex scanning and measurement of the ankle–brachial pressure index may be valid screening approaches for arterial disease in other territories.


Autonomous robotic systems require building representations of the environment in order to accomplish their particular tasks. Creating rich, continuous probabilistic maps is essential for the robot to perceive the world. As the complexity of the task increases, robots need more sensors or more data to build maps. Noisy and incomplete data is common for the robotic sensors outputs; Gaussian Process (GP), a flexible and powerful statistical model, has become a popular method to cope with the incompleteness of sensory information, incorporate and handle uncertainties appropriately and allow a multi-resolution representation of space. GP regression has been applied in robotic mapping to predict spatial correlations and fill in gaps in unknown areas across the field. The key component of GP for robotic mapping is that it captures spatial correlations and thus increases the accuracy of the representation when fusing data. When multiple sources of data are available, spatial correlations also can be used in fusion to improve accuracy. For large datasets, however, exploiting correlations can become prohibitively expensive. One attractive strategy for reducing storage and computational cost is submapping, which works by dividing the environment into small regions. If no information is shared between maps, submaps are statistically independent. This thesis investigates how to effectively and efficiently model the necessary spatial correlations that are required to build accurate large-scale maps. Three near-optimal probabilistic mapping frameworks that exploit global and local strategies such as submapping are proposed. SubGPBF


The resonance absorption of the incident light in thin metal films, which is to be considered as an example of the so-called plasma resonance, is studied. This absorption is caused by the mechanism proposed by Ferrell, namely, by the excitation of surface (bounded) plasmons by light and therefore corresponds to an inverse process of the transition radiation. The reflectivity and the transmission coefficient in the case of silver are numerically calculated by using its dielectric constant obtained experimentally by Taft and Philipp and are compared with the experimental results given by Yamaguchi.


A biosurfactant-producing-and Fe-S-oxidizing bacterium, namely Pseudoclavibacter sp. strain SKC/XLW-1, was studied in an attempt to seek more benign alternatives for the replacement of relatively toxic chemical reagents in the flotation of silicate and sulfide minerals. Our study showed that Pseudoclavibacter sp. SKC/XLW-1 was capable of yielding biosurfactants as evidenced by a decrease in the surface tension of the solutions and an increase of the contact angle of the pyrite or silica surfaces as a function of time. This bacterial strain was also observed to promote the oxidation of pyrite, thus generating Fe-oxides as well as sulfuric acid as indicated by a decline of the solution pH and FTIR analysis. Scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) observations of the silica-or pyrite-bacterial cell complexes revealed the presence of bacterial cell aggregation along with silica or pyrite, where silica or pyrite particles become embedded in the biofilm matrix. It is suggested from this study that the bacterium Pseudoclavibacter sp. SKC/XLW-1 could potentially be applicable as the flotation bioreagents (collector, frother or depressant) for both silicate and sulfide flotation processes.


A method of chemical mechanical planarization on the wafer a (CMP) process is performed with a non-metallic material containing at least partly silicon, the chemical agent and the wafer surface to attack the surface of the wafer chemically mechanically it exceeds a step of polishing the wafer surface with a polishing plate with a polishing solution containing friction particles to attack, and rinsing results in a residue of the polishing process, with the final wash step, the desired planarization gradually supplied onto the wafer surface rinse solution in the rinse step as chemical attack in the polishing step is stopped is controlled before.