Abstract : Free market competition is being reality nowadays. But in the Islam id teaching free market competition in also regulated morally. Competition in Islamic rule means to do better and more useful than order. There is an reason to attack or deceive the other competitors. Everything done by the Islamic confessors must be devotional, so must be their behavior in the market competition in arranging the local economy we must always remember that however there is no border for the growth of supply and demand nowadays. So really there no is total autonomy, because the local markets also need other local supplies and demands Keywords : even division of learning-excellent character-Islamic free market competition


A variety of (het)aryl aldoximes, (het)arylamidoximes and hydroxamic acids, e.g. (I), is tested as nucleophilic agent for the hydrolysis of phenylphosphonothioate (PhX), a member of a class of organophosphorus used as chemical warfare agents.


Abstract Posterior placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders are infrequent but potentially associated with significant maternal mortality and morbidity, especially if not diagnosed prenatally. Analysis of published literature is problematic since most experiences included only a few cases. Knowledge of the risk factors associated with posterior PAS is crucial to identifying mothers at higher risk and ask for high sensitivity studies. Ultrasound has poor diagnostic accuracy in detecting posterior PAS, while magnetic resonance imaging better delineates the posterior uterine wall. In comparison, prenatal imaging's diagnostic performance in detecting posterior PAS is significantly lower than anterior placenta invasion. Management of posterior PAS depends on several factors, including maternal hemodynamic status, available resources, clinical presentation, and invasion severity. For accreta or increta cases, a compression suture is habitually enough to perform hemostasis. Nevertheless, organ involvement habitually requires a multidisciplinary team with the assistant of a general or coloproctology surgeon. The present article aims to update the risk factors, prenatal diagnosis, and surgical management of pregnancies complicated by posterior PAS.


We present a complete structural analysis of the ellipticals (E), diffuse bulges (dB), compact bulges (cB), and disks (D) within a redshift range 0 < z < 1, and stellar mass log10(M*/M⊙) ≥ 9.5 volume-limited sample drawn from the combined DEVILS and HST-COSMOS region. We use the ProFit code to profile over ∼35, 000 galaxies for which visual classification into single or double-component was predefined in Paper-I. Over this redshift range, we see a growth in the total stellar mass density (SMD) of a factor of 1.5. At all epochs we find that the dominant structure, contributing to the total SMD, is the disk, and holds a fairly constant share of $\sim 60{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the total SMD from z = 0.8 to z = 0.2, dropping to $\sim 30{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at z = 0.0 (representing $\sim 33{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ decline in the total disk SMD). Other classes (E, dB, and cB) show steady growth in their numbers and integrated stellar mass densities. By number, the most dramatic change across the full mass range is in the growth of diffuse bulges. In terms of total SMD, the biggest gain is an increase in massive elliptical systems, rising from 20 per cent at z = 0.8 to equal that of disks at z = 0.0 (30 per cent) representing an absolute mass growth of a factor of 2.5. Overall we see a clear picture of the emergence and growth of all three classes of spheroids over the past 8 Gyrs, and infer that in the later half of the Universe's timeline spheroid forming-processes and pathways (secular evolution, mass-accretion, and mergers) appear to dominate mass transformation over quiescent disk growth.


We introduce a variety of noncommutative polynomials that represent divide-and-conquer recurrence systems. Our setting involves at the same time variables that behave like words in purely noncommutative algebras and variables governed by commutation rules like in skew polynomial rings. We then develop a Gröbner-basis theory for left ideals of such polynomials. Strikingly, the nature of commutations generally prevents the leading monomial of a polynomial product to be the product of the leading monomials. To overcome the difficulty, we consider a specific monomial ordering, together with a restriction to monic divisors in intermediate steps. After obtaining an analogue of Buchberger's algorithm, we develop a variant of the F4 algorithm, whose speed we compare.


Intramammary infection affects quality and quantity of milk. Having as final target the improving of animal health' monitoring, this research studied the gland milk electrical conductivity (EC) signal in order to identify a possible parameter more representative of the EC variations that can be observed, during a milking, when not healthy (NH) glands are considered. Two foremilk gland samples, from 40 Saanen goats, were acquired for three weeks and lactation stages (LS: 0-60 Days In Milking; 61-120 DIM; =>120 DIM), for a total amount of 1440 samples. Bacteriological analyses and somatic cells counts (SCC) were used to define glands health status. In case of negative bacteriological analyses and SCC <1,000,000 cells/mL, glands were classified as healthy; alternatively, when bacteriological analyses were positive or SCC higher than 1,000,000 cells/mL, for two or more consecutive days, glands were classified as NH. A spectral analysis, to calculate the frequency spectrum and the bandwidth length of the milk EC signal, was performed. To validate data acquired, A MIXED procedure was used considering the HS, LS and the LS x HS as explanatory variables of the statistical model. Results showed that spectral analysis allows characterizing the milk EC variations thorough the bandwidth length parameter. This parameter has a significant relationship with the gland health status and it provides more accurate information than other traits, like the statistical variance of the signal. Therefore, it could be useful to improve the performances of multivariate models/algorithms that detect dairy goat health status.


CONCLUSION Overall, the STFPP confirmed that foresight techniques could be applied in S&T to increase the horizontality of research perspectives and the collaborative learning abilities of professional staff. The NRC confirmed that federal departments and agencies could work together to reach further into broad issues and challenge domains related to S&T and that scenario planning should be further developed in the context of more focused projects to examine some of the specific areas highlighted by the various teams of volunteers. Accordingly, the NRC Office of Technology Foresight has identified a series of prospective "deeper dive" topics that it will be discussing with potential partners during 2004 and beyond. The full deliverables list of foresight research reports from the STFPP are available at: http://agora.scitech.gc.ca/ev.php. This is the link to the main NRC Agora Community of Practice web page – select Communities then Foresight then Library to view-print documents in PDF format.


AJR 2012; 199:W1 0361–803X/12/1992–W1 © American Roentgen Ray Society QUESTION: As a consultant to hospitals trying to prevent professional liability cases, I am running into the question of whether radiology residents should interpret examinations after usual working hours while on call. The emergency department physicians are concerned about residents who are in their first year reviewing studies at night. Is there a standard as to what the American College of Radiology (ACR) supports for residents' review of studies while on call? DR. BERLIN'S REPLY: In response to your query, the ACR has not taken a position on this issue—appropriately so, I believe. However, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education guidelines state that first-year residents are not allowed to provide unreviewed interpretations for clinical decision making while on call or at any other time. Many articles have been published in the radiology literature that seem to show that accuracy of radiographic interpretations rendered by secondto fourth-year radiology residents are in line with those rendered by staff radiologists. Hopefully, this data might reduce, if not eliminate, anxiety by the emergency department physicians. However, first-year radiology residents are another matter. In most cases, they do not possess the same knowledge and experience as their more senior counterparts. Last year, a hospital lost a medical malpractice case in which a first-year resident missed an aortic tear on a chest radiograph. It was diagnosed (too late) the next day by the attending radiologist. At trial, the defense argued that the resident should not be held to the same standard as a staff radiologist, but the jury didn't buy it. The hospital was found liable. From a legal point of view, it is clear in every state that anyone—resident, nonradiologist, or radiologist—who renders a radiologic reading will be held to the same standard of care. I wrote on this subject 14 years ago [1, 2], and nothing has changed since. Bottom line: I would think that almost all experienced radiology residents should be able to render competent readings. However, all politics is local, and if the emergency department people continue to demand staff radiology readings, radiology departments will have to negotiate and occasionally concede. Let me point out that many hospitals, mostly nonacademic, have hired or are hiring nighthawk coverage. Leonard Berlin NorthShore University HealthSystem, Department of Radiology, Skokie Hospital, Skokie, IL; Professor of Radiology, Rush University and University of Illinois, Chicago, IL (email@example.com) DOI:10.2214/AJR.11.7773 WEB—This is a Web exclusive article.


The Trapped Gyro-Landau Fluid (TGLF) quasi-linear model [G. M. Staebler, et al., Phys. Plasmas 12, 102508 (2005)], which is calibrated to nonlinear gyrokinetic turbulence simulations, is now able to predict the electron density, electron and ion temperatures, and ion toroidal rotation simultaneously for internal transport barrier (ITB) discharges. This is a strong validation of gyrokinetic theory of ITBs, requiring multiple instabilities responsible for transport in different channels at different scales. The mystery of transport inside the ITB is that momentum and particle transport is far above the predicted neoclassical levels in apparent contradiction with the expectation from the theory of suppression of turbulence by E×B velocity shear. The success of TGLF in predicting ITB transport is due to the inclusion of ion gyro-radius scale modes that become dominant at high E×B velocity shear and to improvements to TGLF that allow momentum transport from gyrokinetic turbulence to be faithfully modeled.


In this paper, we introduce the concepts of weak smooth fi-closure and weak smooth fi-interior of a fuzzy set and obtain some of their structural properties. We also introduce the concepts of several types of weak quasi-smooth fi-compactness in terms of the concepts of weak smooth fi-closure and weak smooth fi-interior of a fuzzy set and investigate some of their properties.


Co-creation is a new marketing strategy currently gaining attention. We focus on self-marketing services as a form of co-creation because especially at restaurants, popular forms of co-creation, such as self-production and self-service, do not match a restaurant's atmosphere in some cases. Traditional services, such as a restaurant's page on a social network service and paper-based questionnaires at restaurants are some examples of self-marketing services; however, a limited number of people use these services. Our goal is to identify a more comprehensive self-marketing approach by not only considering the disadvantages of traditional self-marketing services, but also creating a new self-marketing system that motivates customer actions, such as the use of this system and return visits. We conduct a user experiment, the results of which confirm that our self-marketing system yields effective motivation compared to traditional services.


The competition between external drives and interparticle interactions are important for the static and dynamic properties of topological quasiparticles in confined geometries. Here, we study the dynamics of particlelike skyrmions under a current-induced compression, where skyrmions are stabilized in a confined space and form a skyrmion solid. We find that a lattice structural transition of nanoscale skyrmions could be induced by the compression, which depends on the initial lattice configuration and the compression level. The compression effect in the skyrmion solid with strong skyrmion-skyrmion repulsion could produce a wave front showing an abrupt change of the skyrmion density, which may propagate through the skyrmion solid depending on the compression level. Besides, a chain of skyrmions on the surface of the compressed skyrmion solid could show a fast and stable motion along the surface as long as it remains within the driving region. Some skyrmions may collapse during the compression due to the destructive skyrmion-skyrmion collision, which mainly happens in the area around the skyrmion injection boundary between the driving and compressive regions. Our results are useful for understanding the compression physics of quasiparticles carrying nontrivial topology.


There is great interest in the design of catalysts for use in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). However, our atomistic understanding of the adsorption and oxidation mechanism of CH3OH at the different crystal planes of metal catalysts is far from satisfactory. This study endeavors to gain mechanistic insight into the intrinsic facet-dependent adsorption properties of CH3OH on the surface of a Pt3Ni catalyst. We analyzed the adsorption characteristics of CH3OH by optimizing the structures and calculating the adsorption energies at each site on the (111), (100), and (110) surfaces of a Pt3Ni catalyst using density functional theory (DFT) calculations with van der Waals (vdW) corrections to the total energy. Our results indicate that the adsorption strength of CH3OH at the surface of the Pt3Ni catalyst is facet-dependent, following the order (110) > (111) > (100). The mechanism of the facet-dependent adsorption of CH3OH on the catalyst is rationalized in terms of shifts of the d-band center of the Ni compo...


This article presents a numerical and experimental investigation of a novel rod-shaped linear piezoelectric actuator that consists of a square cross-section-shaped rod with eight piezo ceramic plates and a cylindrical guidance rail. The rod has a hollow cut made with an offset from the longitudinal axis of the symmetry. A cylindrical guidance rail is placed on one side of the rod, while T-shaped clamping is formed on the opposite side. The slider is mounted on the rail and is moved along it. The actuator is compact, making it possible to mount it directly on a printed circuit board (PCB) or in another device with limited mounting space, restricted mass, or actuator footprint. The operation of the actuator is based on the excitation of the first longitudinal vibration mode of the rod that induces in-plane bending vibration of the nodal zone of the rod due to a hollowed cut asymmetrically placed in the central part of the actuator. The actuator is driven by two sawtooth waveform electric signals with the phase difference of π that allows exciting longitudinal deformations of the rod and controls the reverse motion of the slider. The results of numerical investigations confirmed the operation principle of the actuator at the frequency of 59.72 kHz. The maximum displacement amplitude of the guidance rail in the longitudinal direction reaches up to 152.9 μm while the voltage of 200 Vp-p was applied. An experimental investigation of the actuator was made, and a maximum linear speed of 45.6 mm/s and thrust force of 115.4 mN was achieved.


Epidemiology aims at identifying subpopulations of cohort participants that share common characteristics (e.g. alcohol consumption) to explain risk factors of diseases in cohort study data. These data contain information about the participants' health status gathered from questionnaires, medical examinations, and image acquisition. Due to the growing volume and heterogeneity of epidemiological data, the discovery of meaningful subpopulations is challenging. Subspace clustering can be leveraged to find subpopulations in large and heterogeneous cohort study datasets. In our collaboration with epidemiologists, we realized their need for a tool to validate discovered subpopulations. For this purpose, identified subpopulations should be searched for independent cohorts to check whether the findings apply there as well. In this paper we describe our interactive Visual Analytics framework S-ADVIsED for SubpopulAtion Discovery and Validation In Epidemiological Data. S-ADVIsED enables epidemiologists to explore and validate findings derived from subspace clustering. We provide a coordinated multiple view system, which includes a summary view of all subpopulations, detail views, and statistical information. Users can assess the quality of subspace clusters by considering different criteria via visualization. Furthermore, intervals for variables involved in a subspace cluster can be adjusted. This extension was suggested by epidemiologists. We investigated the replication of a selected subpopulation with multiple variables in another population by considering different measurements. As a specific result, we observed that study participants exhibiting high liver fat accumulation deviate strongly from other subpopulations and from the total study population with respect to age, body mass index, thyroid volume and thyroid-stimulating hormone.


In this paper, joint direction of departure (DOD) and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for strictly noncircular sources in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is dealt with by a novel tensor based subspace method. The proposed method firstly formulates a novel augmented tensor for capturing both the noncircularity and inherent multidimensional structure of strictly noncircular signals, and then a tensor based signal subspace is constructed by utilizing the high-order singular value decomposition (HOSVD). Finally, the DODs and DOAs are achieved by calculating the rotational invariance factors corresponding to the augmented steering matrix. The proposed method provides better angle estimation performance than the existing subspace based algorithms, especially in the case of low SNR and a small number of snapshots. In addition, the DODs and DOAs are paired automatically. The effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method are demonstrated via simulation results.


Increasing the number of pups prior to weaning ("crowded litter" or CL) increases the lifespan of mice. In previous studies with caloric restriction, rapamycin feeding, and Snell dwarf mice, we have described the general phenomenon that DNA synthesis is decreased and mitochondrial (mito) protein synthesis is maintained, though this varies by tissue and model. Therefore, we hypothesized that CL mice would also have decreased DNA synthesis and maintained mito protein synthesis. UM‐HET3 mice were housed as litters of 8 (CON) or 12 (CL) prior to weaning. At 20 days of age pups were weaned onto a normal chow diet. At 4 months of age 4 CON and 4 CL animals had their drinking water supplemented with 8% deuterium oxide for 2 weeks to determine fraction of new total, cytosolic, and mito proteins, and fraction of new DNA. Protein synthesis was not statistically different in any tissue or fraction assessed. DNA synthesis was significantly greater in CL skeletal muscle (Con = 0.024±0.003, CL = 0.037±0.004), tended to be greater in heart (p=0.08; Con = 0.047±0.003, CL = 0.066±0.018), but did not differ in liver. CL mice were studied at a younger age than our previous investigations, and thus we conclude that either: 1) long‐lived models have a previously unrecognized increase in proliferation at young ages, or 2) CL mice are long‐lived through different mechanisms than our previously studied models.


During the years 1984 to 1989 the author performed 23 mucous membrane grafts for trichiasis in 17 patients. Follow-up was four to 63 months (28 months, SD = 21). Fourteen patients were without symptoms initially, two further patients after additional operations. However, reexamination of the patients revealed an unexpected high rate of recurrences of 13 mucous membrane grafts in nine patients. In five out of nine patients recurrences occurred after a postoperative interval of more than six months, in three patients not earlier than three years postoperatively. The author's results indicate that a follow-up of several years is necessary to establish the value of a particular treatment for trichiasis.


The projeclion of sectoral outputs of an economy is carried on the basis of the Input-Output coefficient matrix of the base period From the different empirical tests made it appears that errors are likely to urise in the projection of economic variables through Input-Output Model. This is so more in developing countries like India because of the rapid economic change taking place in these countries. It is, therefore, necessary to correct the projected values to arrive at more reliable estimate. Various altempts have been made to find out methods for estimation of the size of the error in Input-Output model. Of these attempts, Theil's contribution is worth mentioning. The present paper will present certain modification of Theil's model and experiment with this modified model is done with Indian data.


We present data on the decay and absorption of the A resonance excited in H, H, He, C and Pb by the (He, t) reaction at 2 GeV incident energy. The quasi-free A decay and the absorption process on a (p,n) pair are clearly observed. We also find evidence for coherent pion production.


Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) is the task of grounding object which is referred by the language expression. Previous one-stage REC methods usually use one single language feature vector to represent the whole query for grounding and no reasoning between different objects is performed despite the rich relation cues of objects contained in the language expression, which depresses their grounding accuracy. Additionally, these methods mostly use the feature pyramid networks for multi-scale visual object feature extraction but ground on different feature layers separately, neglecting the connections between objects with different scales. To address these problems, we propose a novel one-stage REC method, i.e. the Entity Relation Fusion Network (ERFN) to locate referred object by relation guided reasoning on different objects. In ERFN, instead of grounding objects at each layer separately, we propose a Language Guided Multi-Scale Fusion (LGMSF) model to utilize language to guide the fusion of representations of objects with different scales into one feature map.For modeling connections between different objects, we design a Relation Guided Feature Fusion (RGFF) model that extracts entities in the language expression to enhance the referred entity feature in the visual object feature map, and further extracts relations to guide object feature fusion based on the self-attention mechanism. Experimental results show that our method is competitive with the state-of-the-art one-stage and two-stage REC methods, and can also keep inferring in real time.


Some parts of the European high speed line network are near saturation. ETCS-L2, the so called Level 2 of the European train control system, standard for providing signalling and automatic train protection (ATP) on new high speed lines (HSL), offers a pretty good level of capacity. However, even with the mobile block system provided by ETCS-Level 3, it seems quite impossible for the practical capacity to reach 20 trains per hour per HSL track as soon as maximal speed is at 300 km/h or higher. At very high speed, headway between trains is mainly determined by the braking performance of the trains. The paper presents a new running mode using relative braking distances on one hand, and keeping absolute emergency distances in any case on the other hand. The devised running mode is here described within the classical ETCS_L2 context, where signalling still uses track circuits or axle counters. This secure mode of operation could offer a practical capacity more than 20% higher than the today ETCS_L2 Full Supervision mode.


Drying kinetics of paperboard with different grammages have been investigated in a laboratory microwave drier. The experiments were performed at four different values of specific microwave power between 440 W kg-1 and 1730 W kg-1. Experimental data of time varying paper moisture content were approximated with exponential Tomas&Skansi model and neural network model. A neural network based drying model was established using backpropagation algorithm for dynamic modelling of moisture content. Drying time is also evaluated from Tomas&Skansi drying equation, and compared with experimental values and those obtained with neural network based model. Both models successfully describe drying kinetics, and can be used for prediction of drying and required drying times at given process conditions.


To throw more light on some of the problems connected with highvoltage technique I have carried out a series of investigations. Although a great deal of similar research has earlier been made, which is evident from the literature, I believe that my work will give a clearer picture particularly concerning the region 100 to 200 kV. The studi~s to be presented in this chapter will show the influence of kilovoltage on various factors. The exposure required for a certain film density, and the dose obtained, as well as the effect produced by additional tube filtration, are the principal factors now to be considered.


This chapter investigates the role of unintegrated English and French vocabulary in the mixed-language Latin-matrix accounts of St Paul's Cathedral, written in London between 1315 and 1405. 'Integrated' and 'non-integrated' means whether or not an English or French word had a Latin grammatical suffix, as sometimes they did and sometimes they didn't. The accounts were kept by rentcollectors for the Cathedral, and passages containing phrases and clauses (as opposed to lists of people's names, addresses and rent) detail repairs to Cathedral property. They are written in a Medieval Latin grammatical matrix, with Latin vocabulary influenced by Anglo-Norman French, and Middle English words positioned in the Noun Phrase. Codeswitching of this sort between Medieval Latin, Anglo-Norman French and Middle English (with sporadic vocabulary from other European vernaculars) was default in accounts written in Britain at this date.1 As a generalisation, the matrix language expressed by function words was either monolingual Latin or monolingual Anglo-Norman, with content words in Latin, Anglo-Norman and English placed in modifier, noun, and deverbal –ing slots. The research question asked here is not so much 'why were accounts multilingual', but rather 'why was there any unintegrated element at all in such a highly multilingual text-type?' Given that any word could have been integrated into the Latin matrix by adding a Latin suffix (or an abbreviation or suspension sign representing a Latin suffix), why was a proportion not so integrated? The accounts of St Paul's Cathedral have been chosen for study only because they have not yet been surveyed linguistically, not because they are in any way unusual. On the contrary, their internal linguistic make-up is regular for the date, place and time.


Athenian painted pottery of the Middle Protoattic period has presented a peculiar problem. The ware that prevailed during most of that period, known as the 'Black and White style', is copiously represented by finds. But in the main these vases have come to light in Acgina, while Athens itself has produced relatively little and in Aegina on the other hand there is a lack of other middle Protoattic pottery. Also, the name Menelas painted on the well-known stand from Aegina has been regarded as non-Attic and even claimed as Aeginetan. Thus the possibility that this artist (the Polyphemus Painter) was an Aeginetan or that Aegina participated in the production of Black and White wares has been in the minds of scholars for a generation; it has even been suggested that there was a branch workshop there. But the fact that the clay of these vases is normally Attic and that the painting seems to fit into the known Protoattic sequence has caused the Black and White Style to be regarded as an Attic development.


We show that a nonsingular irreducible complex projective variety admitting a holomorphic vector field with nonempty isolated zeroes, is rational using Harvey-Lawson techniques on finite volume flows. This statement was conjectured by J. Carrell.


Environmental issues take an extremely important place in the life of modern society and the measures which individual states and organisations take to reduce the harmful effect of transport are essential. The report examines the legal framework and the actions taken by one of the European Union states - Bulgaria. As regards CO2 emissions, comparative results from a test of internal combustion engine fuelled with Petrol, LPG and CNG are shown. A survey was conducted to obtain the opinion of vehicle drivers on environmental issues and on introduction of cleaner vehicles - hybrid and electric vehicles. The results show that the reason for small electric vehicle sales is the lack of recharging points and the high price. The production, life and recycling of batteries are the other major issues noted in the survey. At present, the predominant production of electricity from thermal power stations using coals as a fuel does not give an advantage to electric transport, except to improve ecology in urban environment.


Job burnout is very important to the kindergarten teachers and the development of preschool edcation. This study adopted the MBI-GS general version scale revised by Li and Shi (2003) to investigate 688 Chinese kindergarten teachers in Jilin, Shandong and Beijing. The results as follows : The job burnout total level was not serious. Kindergarten teachers have the highest burnout level when they experience emotional exhaustion, which is followed by reduced personal accomplishment and depersonalization, respectively. There were significant differences in job burnout according to kindergarten type, working hours every day and education background.


The need for the development of new technologies to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels requires the combination of different energy sources such as wind, solar, nuclear as well as new energy storage and powering devices. Amongst these new technologies fuel cells are a promising technology capable of transforming chemical energy stored in fuels into electric power at higher efficiencies than combustion processes. However, the commercialization of fuel cells has been limited due to the high costs associated with electrocatalysts needed for the corrosive environments in which proton-exchange membrane fuel cells operate. Electrocatalysts for such fuel cells are based on expensive noble metals such as platinum. Nevertheless, the resurging interest on the development of alkaline fuel cells presents a number of advantages addressing the limitations of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. Alkaline fuel cells operate at high pHs which allow the use of a wider variety of inexpensive and abundant materials such as transition and rare-earth metals. Moreover, faster kinetics have been reported in alkaline


Combined with the engineering of K37+441.5 rail fly-over bridge in Yu-Chang expressway,the author theoretically discusses the construction technology of cast-in-situ pile by excavation,illustrates its construction method and procedure,excavation of pile hole,and support of hole wall in the process of construction,and analyzes the practical engineering,which to offer a reference for persons concerned with bridge and building construction.


Objective:To explore the efficacy of acupuncture on Africans with low back pain.Methods:Patients with low back pain were divided into the acupuncture treatment group and the conventional therapy group randomly.The former was given the acupuncture plus infrared therapy,while the latter given the conventional drug treatment and massage therapy.Japanese Orthopedic Association(JOA)score of lumbar was used as an assessment to evaluate and compare the function before and after treatment.Results:There were no significant difference in the JOA score and the sub-categories between the two groups before treatment.After treatment,the JOA scores in the acupuncture group and conventional group increased by 10.8±1.6 and 7.9±1.8,which demonstrated the significant differences by P0.01.Except the clinical examination,the sub-categories of the symptoms,activities of daily living and the efficacy of acupuncture group were superior to those of the conventional therapy group(P0.01).The development of JOA score was(77.0±20.1)% in acupuncture group,which was higher than that of the conventional group at(60.3±33.6)%(t=2.52,P=0.014).Conclusion:The efficacy of acupuncture was better than the conventional treatment in Africans with low back pain.


Due to the limitation of time and space, the traditional photographic image intelligent fuzzy teaching system can not provide targeted auxiliary teaching for students with different learning abilities. The design of intelligent fuzzy assistant teaching system of photographic image based on augmented reality and web is carried out, including the hardware design of server and peripheral equipment selection, and the design of intelligent fuzzy assistant teaching system of photographic image based on Web and augmented reality, such as intelligent fuzzy assistant teaching display, student learning behavior evaluation software design, etc. Experiments show that, compared with the traditional system, the photographic image intelligent fuzzy assistant teaching system based on augmented reality and web has more correct allocation of teaching resources, stronger pertinence and practical value.


Central nervous system involvement is the most common neurological complication in the course of tuberculosis. Lack of rapid and sensitive test delays the early diagnosis. Cytological study was carried out in cerebrospinal fluid of patients which were clinically suspected patients of tubercular meningitis. Purpose of this study is to determine the cytomorphological patterns in cerebrospinal fluid which will help in making the diagnosis of tubercular meningitis by providing the additional supportive evidence in clinically suspected cases. Technical aspect of this cytological study is rapid and simple therefore it can be applied for early diagnosis of tubercular meningitis particularly in which bacteriological methods did not demonstrate the presence of mycobacterium bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid.


The October 2002 Bali bombings underlined the importance of Southeast Asia in the US-led war against terrorism and helped to refocus Western policymakers' attention on this sprawling, diverse and troubled region. The cause for concern is significant: particularly in maritime Southeast Asia, a convergence of trends raises the prospect that the region's already fragile states will in coming years be rendered even more infirm.


The mass media and general public are intrigued by research findings of gender differences. Indeed, concerns about a "boy crisis" in education (e.g., Gurian, 2005; Orr, 2011; Sommers, 2000) have reinvigorated research on sex and gender differences. Differences primarily are assumed in two areas: male superiority in spatial abilities (often extrapolated to "math and science"), and female superiority in certain verbal abilities (often extrapolated to "literacy"; for more detailed discussion on these purported differences, see, e.g., Halpern, 1992; Hyde, 2005; Maccoby & Jacklin, 1974). Some have argued that these differences are based in "natural talent" (e.g., Bornholt, Goodnow, & Cooney, 1994) and thus, they continue to receive much attention, despite the fact that, empirically, such claims are greatly exaggerated (Hyde, 2005; Reis & Carothers, 2014; Tavris, 1992). Nevertheless, as children are exposed to stereotypes of this nature, they may develop gendered views of associated activities. For example, boys may view math as more "masculine" when they perform better in school than some girls on mathematical tasks (Orr, 2011), and, when a "boys are better at math" stereotype is reinforced in popular culture. As a result of such oversimplified thinking, children and adolescents may falsely believe that they must excel in one area or another, depending solely on their gender. Such stereotypes can have real consequences, such as when girls interested in mathematics or boys interested in writing are dismissed because parents and teachers do not expect them to have such interests (Hyde, 2005). In turn, girls may develop beliefs that they cannot succeed in challenging math courses or careers due to their supposed weakness in the subject; similarly, boys may start to perceive activities of literacy as more difficult for them or of less value to them. In fact, the "boy crisis" has gained traction, in part, by focusing on findings suggesting that achievement differences may be partially due to boys' lack of interest, motivation, and self-efficacy in literacy tasks--i.e., reading and writing--and perhaps even in school as a whole (for a treatment of these variables and their possible relationships, see Coddington & Guthrie, 2009; Orr, 2011; Smith, Smith, Gilmore, & Jameson, 2011). The differences hypothesis states that males and females are vastly different psychologically (Hyde, 2005). For example, Gilligan's (1982) theory of women's moral reasoning and Tannen's (1991) theory of gendered communication capitalize on notions that women's moral reasoning and communication (respectively) are, in fact, distinct from that of men, but not inferior to men's. Gilligan, Tannen, and other researchers were, of course, responding (as many had before them) to a long-entrenched differences claim (see Eagly, Eaton, Rose, Riger, & McHugh, 2012; Maccoby, 1998; Tavris, 1992); that is, women lacked the intellectual capabilities of men and because of this "fact" their lives were best constrained to the domestic sphere. More recently, as girls and women have taken greater educational and economic strides, the differences model has shifted focus to the emotional and educational lives of boys. According to such theorists as Michael Gurian (2005), boys today are greatly underserved because they think, feel, and learn differently than girls, yet their educational and emotional needs are largely ignored. Contrary to a difference model, a gender similarities hypothesis states that males and females are similar on most, though not all, psychological variables, especially when context is taken into consideration (Hyde, 2005; 2007). Thus, despite long-standing cultural stereotypes, or what previous studies and the general public may believe, males and females are actually a lot more similar than different (Halpern et al., 2007; Hyde, 2005; Reis & Carothers, 2014; Speike, 2005). Nevertheless, because notions of large and meaningful cognitive, behavioral, and personality gender differences persist (rooted in a powerful history of sexual stereotypes and tendencies toward essentialism, e. …


Some questions of ring-stiffened cylindrical shell structure with intermediate stiffer are studied,which are under the static water pressure. Increasing the yield limit of high strength steel, and increasing the depth of submergence ,the form of the differential equation's result will not only be limited with the complex number. With the varieties of the different structural dimension and outer load, it will be real number and imaginary number. The physic meaning and the forms of the different results are analyzed. And the ranges of the stress modification coefficients are deduced. Comparing with results of the present calculation method, the difference of this result is bigger when the dimensions of the ribs are smaller. And it is shown that intermediate stiffeners can improve the stability of the ring-stiffened cylindrical shell as well as have favorable effects on general strengths of cylindrical shell.


Knowledge transfer is a vital component in the growth and advancement of any industry. Manufacturing SMEs, who played a major role in a nation's economy, relied heavily on relational capital need to capitalise on this resource to further enhance their competitiveness. One of the proposed methods is through knowledge transfer. Hence, this study endeavors to analyse the relationship between relational capital and knowledge transfer, and the role of knowledge transfer as the mediator between relational capital and competitive capabilities in the area of competitive pricing and quality. This study proposes that firms that promote knowledge transfer in their organisations will have improved competitive capabilities than firms that do not. Using the result from a total sample of 145 manufacturing SMEs survey showed that the relationship between a firm's relational capital has a positive and significant relationship with knowledge transfer.  Also, the study found that knowledge transfer played the role of mediator between relational capital and competitive capabilities in relation to the quality, but not for competitive pricing.


The term 'water-energy-food' nexus is increasingly being bandied about in global discussions on sustainability. In this article, Research Manager and coordinator of the Water Research Commission's water-energy-food nexus programme, Dr Sylvester Mpandeli, shares some information about the Commission's work in this field.


Following the results of our publications, we argue that fundamental objects in particle theory are not elementary particles and antiparticles but objects described by irreducible representations (IRs) of the de Sitter (dS) algebra. One might ask why, then, experimental data give the impression that particles and antiparticles are fundamental and there are conserved additive quantum numbers (electric charge, baryon quantum number and others). The matter is that, at the present stage of the universe, the contraction parameter $R$ from the dS to Poincare algebra is very large and, in the formal limit $R\to\infty$, one IR of the dS algebra splits into two IRs of the Poincare algebra corresponding to a particle and its antiparticle with the same masses. The problem why the quantities $(c,\hbar,R)$ are as are does not arise because they are contraction parameters for transitions from more general Lie algebras to less general ones. Then the baryon asymmetry of the universe problem does not arise and the phenomenon of cosmological acceleration (PCA) is described without uncertainties as an inevitable kinematical consequence of quantum theory in semiclassical approximation. In particular, it is not necessary to involve dark energy the physical meaning of which is a mystery. In our approach, background space and its geometry (metric and connection) are not used, $R$ has nothing to do with the radius of dS space, but, in semiclassical approximation, the results for PCA are the same as in General Relativity if $\Lambda=3/R^2$, i.e., $\Lambda>0$ and there is no freedom in choosing the value of $\Lambda$.


Meta-analyses are well known and widely implemented in almost every domain of research in management as well as the social, medical, and behavioral sciences. While this technique is useful for determining validity coefficients (i.e., effect sizes), meta-analyses are predicated on the assumption of independence of primary effect sizes, which might be routinely violated in the organizational sciences. Here, we discuss the implications of violating the independence assumption and demonstrate how meta-analysis could be cast as a multilevel, variance known (Vknown) model to account for such dependency in primary studies' effect sizes. We illustrate such techniques for meta-analytic data via the HLM 7.0 software as it remains the most widely used multilevel analyses software in management. In so doing, we draw on examples in educational psychology (where such techniques were first developed), organizational sciences, and a Monte Carlo simulation (Appendix). We conclude with a discussion of implications, caveats, and future extensions. Our Appendix details features of a newly developed application that is free (based on R), user-friendly, and provides an alternative to the HLM program.


The juxtaposition of low-cost dual inline memory module (DIMM) connectors in highly reliable servers has created a difficult reliability, availability, and serviceability conundrum: the connector cost must be low enough to allow hundreds of sockets to be used per system, while at the same time, the system-level reliability must be high enough to prevent connector-related memory failures. This paper explores some of the modeling techniques that can be used to guide system-level fault tolerance decisions in view of the propensity of card-edge connectors to experience corrosion-induced failures, and it explains why understanding the probability density function (PDF) of the connector failure rate is crucial in establishing the system RAS strategy for DIMM connectors. The effects of both a "low" and "high" contact failure rate are analyzed at two different PDF's, and the resultant system implications are discussed.


In order to reveal the reason for the change of hardness,the evolution of microstructure in cold rolled medium manganese steel was investigated by means of EBSD.The investigation indicate that cold rolled medium manganese steel annealing at 650 ℃ can be obtained 0.3-0.6 μm equiaxed austenite and ferrite ultrafine grain structure,and no obvious coarsening takes place with as extension of annealing time.The volume fraction of austenite increases with increase in temperature from 550 ℃ to 650 ℃.Annealing at 700 ℃,the stability of austenite is reduced for martensite transformation,and the hardness increases.Reverted austenite phase stability is mainly controlled by its carbon content.The higher of the carbon content,the easier access to a large number of stable reverted austenite.


Abstract: Road Traffic signals are placed in particular positions to make sure the protection of vacationers. In this paper, we proposed a device for site visitors signal detection and recognition, in addition to a technique for extracting an avenue signal from an herbal complicated photo for processing and alerting the driving force via voice command. The reliability of the device is increased through different aspects such as noise, partial or absolute underexposure, partial or whole overexposure, considerable versions in shadeation saturation, extensive sort of viewing angles, view depth, and shape/shadeation deformations of site visitors symptoms etc. The proposed structure is sectioned into three phases. The first of that is photo pre-processing, where the dataset`s enter files are quantified, which decides the enter length for getting to know purposes, and resizes the records for the getting to know step. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used to train within the segment side which further more offers the text-to-speech translation, with the detected signal from the second one segment being supplied in audio format, which demonstrates better accuracy.


The main goal of this article is to define the characteristics of and to evaluate the three selected models used to measure the performance of public administration bodies, with an emphasis placed on their application in different perspectives. The contemporary public administration institutions are obligated to increase their operating efficiency as well as the satisfaction of their stakeholders. This is precisely why they have been implementing diverse models, especially those already used for years in managing profit-oriented organisations. The models chosen for analysis are applied in public administration, making it possible to measure numerous indicators of both financial and nonfinancial nature. The research method adopted by the authors is a conceptual literature review performed using the resources of the Scopus, Springer, WoS, Emerald, and EBSCO databases. The items subject to analysis were the 3Es (i.e., economy, efficiency, effectiveness) and IOO (e.g., input, output, and outcome) models as well as the model included in the BSC (Balance Scorecard). The research has evidenced that each of the models has its strengths and limitations. The results thus obtained have led to a conclusion that the solution showing the highest potential in the area of the study is the performance measurement model proposed under the BSC; however, according to the authors, it still requires some fine-tuning to public administration's operating conditions and organisational culture. The article also highlights the fundamental operationalisation problems related to the subject in question.


Objective:Using of low-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography(LDDSE) detect of viable myocardium for the three groups of patients with coronary heart disease,and then analyze the results.Methods: Subjects are 60 cases,including acute myocardial infarction(AMI),old myocardial infarction(OMI),unstable angina(UA) three groups,each group have 20 cases.Record the heart rate(HR),blood pressure(BP),electrocardiogram(ECG) and the standard two-dimensional echocardiography(2DE) images for all patients before the experiment,and then intravenous infusion of dobutamine(Dob) at the rate of 5 μg/(kg·min) and 10 μg/(kg·min),each dose lasts 5 minutes.To re-record standard 2DE images,after two weeks 2 DE video playback,analyze the images using visual images.Results:AMI,OMI,UA three groups of patients,myocardial viability detection rates are 50.7%,51.4% and 69.8%.Myocardial viability detection rate of unstable angina is higher than other two groups.After Dob 10 μg/(kg·min) infusion,HR,systolic blood pressure higher than before,the numerous of EF is higher than before too.However,no significant change in diastolic pressure(P0.05).Conclusion:Low-dose dobutamine echocardiography in patients with coronary heart disease myocardial viability assessment is feasible,convenient,safe,and non-invasive.To unstable angina patients,the rate of viable myocardium is higher.


Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) decreases cardiac and overall mortality after acute cardiac events. It also presents a unique opportunity to improve health


Human capital is an important channel through which foreign investment impact on economic performance and this has either been neglected or not given adequate attention by researchers. This paper therefore examined the nexus between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic performance of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) considering the imperative of human capital channel. A panel of 13 ECOWAS countries from 1980 to 2018 was utilised in a panel cointegration and autoregressive distributed lag estimation. The results indicated that FDI had a positive effect on economic performance of ECOWAS sub-region in the short run, and the effect became significant in the long run. Findings also revealed that human capital hindered the economic performance effect of FDI in ECOWAS, in the short rum and long run through life expectancy, but with a very weak positive impact through education in both time horizons. The paper recommended, amongst others, that ECOWAS as a body and her member nations should establish and entrench policies that would encourage FDI inflow and promote human capital in the sub-region


universities Yongxian Jin, Mengqi Jin College of Mathematics, Physics and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua Zhejiang, 321004, China 2 Changping School, affiliated Primary School Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100192, China email@example.com Abstract:As an emerging curriculum model, MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) has a grea impact on traditional university teaching by providing free teaching resources, realizing complete learning experience, and timely interaction to students.Through the overview of MOOC, this paper analyze many challenges to the reform of university teaching that MOOC brings. On this basis, it puts forward the strategies that should be taken in the teaching reform in universities.


Antibody-complement-mediated cytotoxicity for rat fibroblasts was investigated in an in vitro test system after preincubating monolayers with soluble antigens of A. viscosus. The high molecular weight, water-soluble, extracellular fraction (HMW-WS) and the ammonium sulfate precipitate of disrupted cells (BCS-ASP) were used as antigens, a rabbit anti-Actinomyces v/scosus-serum as antibody, and guinea pig serum as source of complement. In a positive control, a marked cytotoxic effect for rat fibroblasts was induced with an anti-rat-thymocyte serum and complement. Preincubation of fibroblasts with the antigen preparations of A. viscosus Ny 1 and subsequent exposure to antibodies and complement had no cytotoxic effect on rat fibroblasts. This finding indicates the absence of binding sites for soluble antigens of A. viscosus on these cells.


Objective: To find out the occurrence and distribution of ADR of Maoming area, we analyse 1 984 cases of adverse drug reaction(ADRs) reports that Maoming area medical units reported from January 2007 to December 2008. Methods: Using Excel spread sheets and manual screening methods, we established the ADR database that contained the classification of drugs,the clinical manifestations and classification of ADR, the route of administration and the results. Results: In the 1 984 cases of ADR related drugs, antibiotics occupy the first place, 1 164 cases use it, and it accounted for 51.96%. Chinese materia medica preparation(including Chinese patent drug) occupy the second place, 456 cases use it ,and it accounted for 20.36%, electrolytes, pH balancing regulator and nutrition occupy the third place, 158 cases use them, and they accounted for 7.01%. The constitution of ADR related drugs: 45.10%(525/1 164) were cephalosporins, 15.81%(184/1 164) were quinolones, 11.77%(137/1164) were penicillins. Conclusion: Among the drugs that may cause ADR, anti-infectives are the maximum; among the systems and organs that involved in ADR, the most damaged ones are the skin and its annexes; intravenous drug is the most likely to have ADR.


Angiogenesis is a physiological process through which new blood vessels are formed from the existing blood vessels. It is a multistep process, involving proliferation of activated endothelial cells (ECs) and migration of ECs to target organs. At target organs, the ECs get organized into capillary tubes and synthesize new basement membrane. These capillary tubes then get canalized to form a vascular lumen. The process of Angiogenesis plays an important role in growth and progression of cancer. The control of tumor angiogenesis depends upon the net balance of angiogenic factors (activators) and antiangiogenic factors (inhibitors), which are secreted by both tumor cells and host cells. The key signaling angiogenic factors include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Notch, angiopoietin, ephrins, transforming growth factor beta, and platelet derived growth factors (PDGFs). The potential therapeutic implication of tumor angiogenesis was coined by Folkman in 1971. The knowledge of tumor angiogenesis can be utilized in the development of novel strategies of anticancer therapy by targeting tumor vessels instead of tumor cells. It works best when combined with cancer chemotherapy. However, there are many hurdles to the road of success. The long-term survival and overall improvement in advanced cancer are still limited, and the final outcome may be different from what is obtained in experimental animals. In this article, an effort is made to address the process of angiogenesis, the basic molecular biology of key signaling pathways and the concept, present status and challenges in cancer therapeutics as far as angiogenesis is concerned.


An analytic observational study of retrospective cohorts was carried out during the period comprised between January fi rst 2002 and January 31, 2008 to determine the clinical and paraclinical factors associated with the patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Hospital Militar Central with the diagnosis of malaria. The sample size was calculated using the program TAMAMU ® and 298 clinical histories were selected of which 278 fulfi lled the inclusion criteria. Of the 278 patients, only 7.91% were admitted to ICU. Variables associated with admission to ICU were dyspnea (P <0.001), parasitemia greater than 50.000/μL (P = 0.001), use of antibiotics (P=0.001), platelet count of <83.000/mm3 BAUTISTA W., PARRA S., BASTIDAS A., OLIVEROS H. 185 Volumen 16 • No. 2 Julio Diciembre de 2008 (P = 0.01), and use of antimalarics in the fi rst eight hours of admission to the hospital (P = 0.001). In conclusion, the presence of dyspnea, trombocytopaenia, parasitemia greater than 50.000/μL were related with the admission to ICU in patients with the diagnosis of malaria, use of antimalarics in the fi rst eight hours of admission to the hospital is a protector factor but further clinical trials are needed in order to clarify the association with the use of use antibiotics.


In Current research, the study suggested that distribution is using for the exponential quantile function to define the W distribution. Correspondingly, there are many general properties of T-X system of distributions are considered. As a result, this study was obtained a new aspect of distribution by deriving the T-X family equation. After that the study was covered different mathematical and statistical properties, as well as the moments Reliabilities Analysis,) failure, reverse hazard) rate of the distribution derived. The parameters were valued by the maximum likelihood method.


The health of ecology refers to ecosystem health—an extension of the concept of health to the ecosystem level. Health is reflected in the absence of distress syndrome, and by productivity, organization and resilience that characterize sustainability in the Earth's ecosystems. Transformation of ecosystems under stress from healthy to pathological conditions is often irreversible, even when the initial stress factors are removed. The ecology of health refers to the fact that human health is influenced by ecological conditions. The breakdown of ecosystems under stress are often conducive to an increase in human pathogens, recycling toxic substances, reduced yields and compromised food supplies, scarcity of potable water, and air pollution, all of which increases human health vulnerability. Addressing human health issues from an ecological perspective takes account of the social, ecological, and biophysical determinants. This opens the door to potential interventions "upstream", in order to prevent illness, in addition to treating the disease once the malady has occurred.


BACKGROUND
The causes of the worldwide shortage of registered nurses are complex and require a multifaceted approach to the solution. It is imperative that issues of the practice environment are addressed because creating quality practice environments is essential to provide high-quality care and to persuade nurses to remain in practice.

AIMS
The aims of this paper are to describe an international collaborative relationship, and to identify, describe and suggest solutions to three nursing practice issues relevant to Jordanian nursing.

METHOD
Two faculty members, one from Jordan and one from Canada, collaborated via e-mail to develop a fourth-year course on nursing leadership and management, which was then jointly taught by them. A student assignment required students, working in groups, to identify a nursing practice issue in Jordan and suggest contributing causes and solutions.

CONCLUSION
The issues identified by the students were: unclear role expectations, burnout and turnover, all of which were viewed as contributing to problematic practice settings. The students suggested possible solutions to the practice environment issues.


This paper describes a display system that creates a 3‐D image by overlapping two identical 3‐D images displayed by two stereoscopic displays at different depths. Both images were displayed so that observers perceived them at the same depth and could see them fused into one image. We measured the accommodation depth of the observers' eyes when they saw the fused image. We found that the accommodation depths when they saw the fused images differed from that when either of the stereoscopic displays presented a single image by itself. This accommodation depth for fused image was between them. These results indicate that the accommodation depth was determined by the reciprocal effect of the two displays. This indicates the possibility that this display system can provide stereoscopic views without there being any contradictions between accommodation depth and perceived depth for 3‐D images.


of the city of Perm (Russia). The monitoring results are presented for two experimental sites. Site 1 is characterized by dense urban development and related to type I soil conditions in Perm (the left-bank area of Perm). Site 2 is located in a low-urbanised region of the city and is related to type II soil conditions in Perm (the right-bank area of Perm).


ii Acknowledgments iv Table of contents ix Introduction 1 Chapter One Following God's Will: Adoption, Resemblance and the Natural Family 53 Chapter Two New Lives for Children: Adoption Documents, Bureaucracy and the Law 107 Chapter Three Scarred Bodies: Temporality, Secrets and Racial Languages of Relatedness 152 Chapter Four Expert knowledge, grotesque discourses and the politics of Motherhood 207 Conclusion 248 Bibliography 259 Curriculum Vitae 278


BACKGROUND
Benzoyl peroxide (BP) is a first-line topical treatment in acne vulgaris (AV). However, its use can cause mild skin irritation and dryness. A new formulation of hydrogen peroxide stabilised (HPS) in monoglycerides cream (Crystacide 1%), indicated in the topical treatment of superficial skin infections, is now available as an alternative treatment.

STUDY AIM
To evaluate efficacy and local tolerability of HPS in mild-to-moderate AV in comparison with BP gel.

METHODS AND PATIENTS
In a randomised, prospective, investigator-masked parallel-group, 8-week trial, 60 patients (24 men, 36 women, mean age 25 +/- 6 years) with mild-to-moderate AV, affecting mainly the face, were enrolled in the study, after their informed consent. HPS or BP (PanOxyl gel 4%) was applied topically twice daily for 8 weeks.

STUDY OUTCOMES
The study endpoints were: (1) Reduction in mean inflammatory (IL), noninflammatory (NIL) and total (TL) acneic lesions in comparison with baseline; (2) Local tolerability assessed evaluating erythema, dryness and burning sensation, using a 0-3 qualitative score (score 0 = poor tolerability; score 3 = very good tolerability).

RESULTS
TL, NIL, and IL were assessed by an investigator unaware of treatment allocation at baseline, and week 8. The tolerability score (TS) was assessed at week 4 and 8. At baseline, the two groups were well matched for the main clinical and demographic characteristics. All patients concluded the trial. At week 0, in the HPS group TL, NIL and IL (mean +/- SD) were: 35 +/- 8, 20 +/- 6 and 16 +/- 7. At week 8, HPS reduced TL to 16 +/- 7; NIL to 9 +/- 3 and IL to 7 +/- 3 (p < 0.001). At baseline, TL, NIL and IL, in the BP group, were 32 +/- 9, 24 +/- 8 and 18 +/- 7, respectively. At week 8, BP reduced TL, NIL and IL to 14 +/- 9; 7 +/- 5 and 7 +/- 3 (p < 0.001). In comparison with baseline values, the percentage reductions of IL were 58% and 61% for HPS and BP,respectively (p = n.s.). At the end of the study the TS was 2.9 +/- 0.2 in HPS group and 2.4 +/- 0.8 in BP group (p < 0.025). Two patients in HPS group (6%) and seven patients (23%) in BP group suffered from mild-to-moderate local erythema.

CONCLUSIONS
HPS has shown to be as effective as BP in reducing both inflammatory and noninflammatory AV lesions in patients with mild-to-moderate disease. In comparison with BP 4% gel, HPS cream shows a better local tolerability profile.


The FRBR [Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records], released by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions in 1998, generalizes and refines current practices and theory in library cataloging, presenting a compelling natural ontology of entities, attributes, and relationships for representing the "bibliographic universe". The FRBR framework is extremely influential and increasingly accepted as a conceptual foundation for cataloging practice and technology in libraries and elsewhere. XML documents as defined in the W3C XML 1.0 specification, are now an important part of this bibliographic universe and it is natural to ask to which of FRBR's "Group 1" entities does the XML document correspond. Curiously, there seem to be conflicting arguments for assigning the XML document to either of the two plausible entity categories: manifestation and expression. We believe these difficulties illuminate both the nature of the FRBR entities, and the nature of markup. We explore a conjecture that an XML document has a double aspect and that whether it is a FRBR manifestation or a FRBR expression depends upon context and intention. Such a double-aspected nature would not only be consistent with previous arguments that the meaning of XML markup varies in "illocutionary force" according to context of use, but might also help resolve an old puzzle in the humanities computing community as to whether markup is "part of" the text [buzzetti02]. However, there are alternative resolutions to explore as well and we seem to still be some distance from a full understanding of the issues.


Experiments were conducted at Genetics and Plant Breeding Research Farm of N. D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) to evaluate 15 promising genotypes of rapeseed-mustard against Alternaria blight caused by Alternaria brassicae (Berk) Sacc. and A. brassicicola (Schw) Wiltshire. It is the most destructive and major disease problem under eastern Uttar Pradesh in Indian condition causing both the quantitative and qualitative losses. The evaluation criteria for host resistance against the disease considered were the number and size of spot, number of conidia per spot on both the vegetative (leaf) and reproductive (pod) parts were regularly recorded at periodical intervals starting from the disease appearance till the physiological maturity of each genotypes. The indices which were considered for in built resistance were delayed appearance of visible symptoms, minimum number of spot and their size, number of conidia per spot as well as the minimum leaf defoliation. The disease appeared first in genotype T-9 (44 DAS) which was delayed in GSL-5 (53 DAS). The number of spot/10cm2, size, sporulation capacity in terms of conidia per spot varied invariably among the genotypes and significantly in some cases. The appearance of disease symptoms in the form of blighted spots varied invariably (44 to 53 DAS) in different genotypes. The delayed appearance of disease symptoms (53 and 52 DAS), lower number of spot / 10cm2 on leaf (3.07 and 3.65), pods (3.74 and 4.14), smallest spot size on leaf (3.54 and 3.05 cm), pods (1.22 and 1.27 cm2), number of conidia per spot on leaf (1230 and 1630), pods (130 and 150) were visualised in genotype GSL-5 and Pusa Aditya,respectively indicating a certain pattern and may be considered as attributes of disease resistance. Further, this fact was strengthened with minimum leaf defoliation (32.03 and 35.55%), PDI on leaf (12.35 and 14.16), pods (7.73 and 7.93) and ultimately the AUDPC calculated on leaf (486.70 and 551.90) and pods (282.85 and 291.05). Accordingly both the genotypes were grouped in moderately resistant (MR) category. The correlation coefficient (r) among parameters attributing to resistance behaviour worked out proved helpful in drawing the conclusion. Because very limited source of durable resistance are available, it may be suggested to exploit the two genotypes i.e.GSL-5 and Pusa Aditya for breeding programme against Alternaria blight.


To discuss clinical meaning and value of rational prevention and antibiotics use for uinguinal hernia in perioperative period,the authors make retrospective analysis on 361 case materials of uinguinal hernia in perioperative period from People's Hospital of Xinhui District,Jiangmen City during March,2011~Februry,2012,of which 181 cases from Group A were given clinical pathway management and 180 cases from Group B traditional management.Then the authors find that the implementation of clinical pathway management is helpful in rational antibiotics use in prevention of uinguinal hernia.The result is good enough to improve patients' satisfactory degree and it is worthwhile to popularize clinically.


A graph $G$ is \emph{uniquely k-colorable} if the chromatic number of $G$ is $k$ and $G$ has only one $k$-coloring up to permutation of the colors. For a plane graph $G$, two faces $f_1$ and $f_2$ of $G$ are \emph{adjacent $(i,j)$-faces} if $d(f_1)=i$, $d(f_2)=j$ and $f_1$ and $f_2$ have a common edge, where $d(f)$ is the degree of a face $f$. In this paper, we prove that every uniquely 3-colorable plane graph has adjacent $(3,k)$-faces, where $k\leq 5$. The bound 5 for $k$ is best possible. Furthermore, we prove that there exist a class of uniquely 3-colorable plane graphs having neither adjacent $(3,i)$-faces nor adjacent $(3,j)$-faces, where $i,j\in \{3,4,5\}$ and $i \neq j$. One of our constructions implies that there exist an infinite family of edge-critical uniquely 3-colorable plane graphs with $n$ vertices and $\frac{7}{3}n-\frac{14}{3}$ edges, where $n(\geq 11)$ is odd and $n\equiv 2\pmod{3}$.


Considered proposals to build orbital constellation of highly elliptic space system, designed for surveillance of geostationary space objects, as well as possible approaches to development of satellites for inclusion to such orbital constellation. The actuality of development of such a system is due to the necessity to control space objects representing potential danger for domestic geostationary satellites.


The application of flexible pressure sensors is gradually extended to electronic skins, wearable sensing devices, and humanoid robotics, which are the key to realize artificial intelligence that can contact with humans directly, and to the biomedical applications such as smart prosthesis. In the aforementioned advanced applications, high sensing capability, fast response, high working stability are essential features for the flexible pressure sensors. Although the surface microstructure treatments for electrodes of pressure sensors have been applied to improve sensitivity, the complex process raises the cost and become an obstacle to large-scale manufacturing. In this study, a highly sensitive, low-cost, transparent and flexible capacitive pressure sensor with micro-array polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) dielectric layer has been developed using a facile fabrication strategy. The pressure sensor was fabricated by integrating PDMS substrates, micro-array PDMS dielectric layer and silver nanowires (AgNWs) electrode layers. The as-fabricated flexible pressure sensor shows high sensitivity (>2.1 kPa-1), fast response (<;100 ms) and high cycle stability (>5000 times). The facile fabrication process can be easily scaled up to form pressure sensor arrays, which can be applied to wearable sensing devices or electronic skins.


A closed coal bunker basically resolves the problems that the existing coal bunker has not the closed enclosing structure and pollutes environment. The technical points include that the bunker body of a semispherical steel network structure is provided with an inner cover, steel plates are laid on the bottom of the bunker to form a closed space, a plurality of gates are arranged around the bunker body, a coal unloading device which is a coal falling tower with a plurality of coal falling holes is disposed on the bottom face of the bunker, the top portion of the coal falling extends out of the bunker top to connect to a coal belt transmitter disposed on the ground, a concrete retaining wall is disposed on the maximum-radius circumference of a coal pile which centers on the coal falling tower at the bottom of the bunker, the wall body of the concrete retaining wall is provided with a passage, and a coal-return-belt transmitter at the bottom of the coal pile corresponding to hidden ways at the lower portion of the bottom of the bunker is equipped with a coal receiving pit and a vibratory feeder. The utility model has reasonable structural design, guarantees normal production and operation environment of the coal bunker, ensures personal safety and meets environmental protection requirements, reduces auxiliary operations, and achieves the purposes of saving operation cost, high-efficient automation for the process system and the like.


Critical reaction to the "The Camp," the final chapter of D.M. Thomas's The White Hotel, has been vexed and largely negative because many readers conclude that the chapter posits the reality of a quasi-Christian deity and afterlife, a position they find both intellectually and tonally at odds with what has come before. However, the key to seeing "The Camp" as both consistent with, and conclusive of, the rest of the novel lies in reading its religious overtones as an extended metaphor for the regenerative powers of literature itself. Once this move from the theological to the aesthetic is accomplished, the last chapter can be seen to claim nothing that the text's previous sections have not already prepared us for. One corollary of this reading is that any attempt to see The White Hotel as a postmodernist text must be abandoned, since its ultimately integrative structure marks it as reflecting a belated, but unapologetic, modernist sensibility.


An epigraph, according to Gérard Genette, is one of several discursive practices whereby a writer establishes an interpretive frame of reference. "More than a boundary or a sealed border," he observes, it constitutes a liminal "zone not only of transition but also of transaction" (1–2). The inscription that precedes Eric Ambler's The Levanter (1972) parses his eponymous noun as "A native or inhabitant of the Levant" ("Levanter," Webster's Third New International Dictionary) and "One who absconds; esp. one who does so after losing bets" ("Levanter," def. 2). Respectively denotative and connotative, these definitions are culturally slanted, the first because it assumes the outdated construct of indigenousness as a marker of fixed identity1 and the second because it accepts an anthropological stereotype to characterize people of a certain geographical region. Despite these shortcomings, the lexical blurbs operate as part of the novel's paratextual apparatus to establish a preliminary conception of Michael Howell, third-generation CEO of a family-owned enterprise known as Agence Commerciale et Maritime Howell. The ethnographic profile describes this protagonist semi-accurately in terms of where he resides, principally for the sake of conducting business, while also casting aspersions on his integrity. Readers thus are disposed from the outset to be skeptical about Howell's reliability in recounting how his company came to be accused of having abetted a Palestinian terrorist faction in the manufacture of bombs intended for deployment against Israel. With corporate offices in Cyprus, Lebanon, Syria, and Liechtenstein, forty-one-year-old Howell travels frequently to Europe and buys his handtailored suits in Rome, yet he opts to live with an Italian mistress, Teresa Malandra, near Damascus where he knows himself to be considered "a foreigner . . . and an infidel" (27). Surprisingly, given such marginalization, Ambler's main narrator takes pride in the advantage that purportedly accrues to him by virtue of his genealogical hybridity:


JIPITEC 11 (2021) 3 - Online exploitation of musical works allows consumers in the European Union (EU) to enjoy tens of millions of musical works from a place and at a time of their choice. While the Title III of the EU Collective Rights Management (CRM) Directive contributed to re-shaping the EU multi-territorial online music licensing market, it did not adequately facilitate licensing for online use of musical works on a multi-territorial level in the EU. This article seeks to answer the question as to which legislative measures should be introduced to facilitate licensing practices and to lower transaction costs in order to enable market entry of new online music services in Europe. In order to answer this question, this article analyses relevant provisions of the Title III of the CRM Directive and problematic aspects of their application to different licensors. Furthermore, legislative and soft law documents on the EU level as well as cooperation initiatives among CMOs are evaluated in order to assess whether past initiatives can be considered by the EU legislator. Finding answers to these questions seems relevant in the light of possible re-evaluation of multi-territorial licensing practices on the legislative level in April 2021, as foreseen by the CRM Directive.


This article describes the xtdpdqml command for the quasi-maximum likelihood estimation of linear dynamic panel data models when the time horizon is short and the number of cross-sectional units is large. Based on the theoretical groundwork by Bhargava and Sargan (1983) and Hsiao, Pesaran, and Tahmiscioglu (2002), the marginal distribution of the initial observations is modeled as a function of the observed variables to circumvent a short-T dynamic panel data bias. Both random-eects and xed-eects versions are available. For the latter, the model is transformed into rst dierences.


Objective:To observe changes of blood sP-selection,von Willebrand Factor,Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1in allergic purpura(HSP)patients and to explore the role of the HSP in the pathogenesis of HSP as well as its clinical significance.Methods:Method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent(ELISA)was used to detect serum sICAM 1,sP-selection and vWF of 108HSP patients in the observation group,and the results were compared with 30volunteers in the control group.Results:The blood sP-selection,vWF and sICAM 1of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P0.05);Among the 108patients with HSP,patients with renal type had a significant higher vWF than that of non-renal group(P0.05);no significant difference was found between other type pf HSP patients(P0.05).Conclusion:Increased expression levels of HSP plasma sP-selection element,vWF and sICAM 1reflect the degree of platelet activation and endothelial damage,which are two major pathogenesis of HSP occurrence.VWF can reflect the viscera damages to some extent.


This paper proposes an actively controlled three-level Z-source matrix converter with capability of performing output voltage buck-boost, and producing sinusoidal input-output quantities. The converter is in principle realized by inserting a Z-source impedance network to the dc-link of the otherwise voltage-buck only indirect matrix converter (IMC), formed by cascading a front-end current source rectifier and a rear-end three-level inverter together. Topology wise, the proposed converter is therefore not distinctly different. Rather, the focus is on its modulation control, whose hidden details, different from those of traditional IMC, must be unveiled before voltage buck-boost and sinusoidal input-output quantities can be produced simultaneously, together with a lower commutation count and narrow pulse avoidance. This theme of investigation is now pursued in the paper with the converter operational modes and optimal modulation possibilities discussed extensively to bring forth its attractiveness for ac-ac buck-boost energy conversion, as validated in simulation.


Weather modification by means of cloud seeding techniques is widely implemented across the world. In areas where hail suppression systems are installed, silver iodide (AgI) particles are used.

Silver particles fall back to the surface thank to atmospheric deposition. In this research we follow a holistic approach to analyse silver accumulation in water, soils and sediments of Aragón (North-East Spain), where AgI emissions have been released for the last fifty years. We have also assessed silver bioaccumulation in plants and biota, and we have tested its effects in plant growth.

Our results show that silver concentrations in water and soils of areas covered by hail suppression networks are higher than in further areas, although concentrations are below legal thresholds. We have also observed that silver seems to be absorbed by plants and biota, which would act as a silver outflow and it may help to remove silver from the ecosystems.

Acknowledgements

This work was funded by Spanish State Research Agency and FEDER Funds via AgroSOS project (PID2019-108057RB-I00) and DONAIRE project (CGL2015-68993-R), and thanks to a pre-doctoral grant awarded by the Government of Aragon to J. M. Orellana-Macías (BOA 20/ 07/2017).


To evaluate the clinical efficacy of orally medicating Self-made Chaixuan Decoction to treat bile reflux gastritis.Methods: 64 cases of bile reflux gastritis patients were randomly divided into treatment group and controlled group.For treatment group,32 cases were orally given Self-made Chaixuan Decoction,while for controlled group,32 cases were orally given domperidone and omeprazole.Both types of treatment last a month to observe clinical symptoms and mucosal lesions before and after treatment.Results: for two groups,the treatment group was better than the controlled group(P0.05).Conclusion: It has been proven with better curative effect of Self-made Chaixuan Decoction to treat bile reflux gastritis


Background: Among most of the hepatic diseases, elevation of alanine amino transferase (ALT) level is the hallmark of hepatocyte necrosis. But, no study has been performed in this field in Iran. Materials and Methods: This study is designed to compare the grade, stage, and Histological Activity Index (HAI score) of liver pathology between patients with normal serum ALT and elevated serum ALT. It has been conducted on 32 patients with normal serum ALT and 84 patients with elevated ALT level, at our clinic. Results: The median grade and stage among patients with normal serum ALT level were 4 and 1, and among patients with elevated serum ALT they were 6.5 and 2, respectively. Stages more than 2 were detected in 5 (15.6%) and 36 (42.9%) of normal ALT and elevated ALT groups respectively (p= 0.006). Conclusions: Although liver lesions are milder among most of the patients with normal serum ALT, liver biopsy is considered to be useful in chronic hepatitis C regardless of serum ALT level.


Individuals with Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) often have marked difficulties using verbal and non-verbal communication for social interaction. The ASC-Inclusion project helps children with ASC by allowing them to learn how emotions can be expressed and recognised via playing games in a virtual world. The platform assists children with ASC to understand and express emotions through facial expressions, toneof-voice and body gestures. In fact, the platform combines several state-of-the art technologies in one comprehensive virtual world, including analysis of users' gestures, facial, and vocal expressions using standard microphone and web-cam, training through games, text communication with peers and smart agents, animation, video and audio clips. We present the recent findings and evaluations of such a serious game platform and provide results for the different modalities.


Patients enter and leave the clinic with a set of beliefs. Sometimes those beliefs have changed, and sometimes they have not. Sometimes the clinician knows what those beliefs are and sometimes they remain undiscovered. Expectancies are a type of belief: they are beliefs about what happens in the future [1]. One type of expectancy is called a response expectancy [2]. Response expectancies are the expectations patients have about non-voluntary behaviour, and more speci®cally, how, in particular future circumstances, they will feel and how their bodies will respond. Clinicians will be more familiar with response expectancies under the label of the placebo response. A placebo response occurs when patients report bene®t which cannot be explained on purely physiological grounds. Placebos are useful as a number of clinical interventions and are made more effective because patients expect them to be effective. For example, the physiological effect of analgesics is enhanced by the patient's expectation that the analgesic will bring pain relief [3]. Placebo effects can also have physiological consequences. Placebo bronchodilator inhalers typically improve respiratory function in asthmatics [4]. How effective are placebos? The time-scale of placebo responses depends on the intervention. In the case of feelings, expectancies have a self-ful®lling property which leads to stable, long-term effects. In anxiety states, the expectation of anxiety leads to anxiety which tends to be self-perpetuating. Other placebo effects are relatively short lived. There is no evidence, for example, that placebo bronchodilators have therapeutic value. In sum, placebos are often of short duration, but they can be long for time periods. In 1961 Kennedy [5] coined the term `nocebo' to refer to the expectation that a neutral stimulus has harmful effects, in contrast with the healing effect of a placebo (`I please'). Because clinicians typically provide healing interventions, nocebo effects are less familiar. However, nocebo metacholine challenge produces bronchoconstriction [6] just as placebo bronchodilators cause bronchodilation [4]. In addition, patients who are allergic to cats may show bronchoconstriction when viewing a picture of a cat which illustrates that nocebo effects do not necessarily follow rational expectations. Some authors use the term placebo both for harmful and healing expectations. Either way, placebos or nocebos can have powerful psychological and physiological effects, sometimes due to the therapy provided, but also because patients, like other people, develop expectancies about circumstances which occur in their lives. Expectancies arise from a variety of sources. Some expectancies are due to direct experience with events which have emotional consequences. For example, people who have experienced dental pain are more likely to expect dental care to hurt when they visit the dentist. Some expectancies are due to social in ̄uence. For example, epidemic hysteria [7] is a phenomenon which occurs in group settings (e.g. schools) where people develop symptoms, such as faintness or nausea, which have no physiological basis, but which are similar to those of people around them. Some expectancies are due to instruction. For example, studies on the placebo bronchodilators and bronchoconstrictors involve an instruction about the nature of the inhaler given to the patient [4,6]. Patients who attend clinics have expectancies about how their illness affects their lives. An asthmatic may expect that exercise or other triggers will lead to an asthma attack. A patient with a bee sting allergy will expect that bee stings have a highly traumatic effect. Because of these expectancies, patients avoid situations which are potentially harmful. An assumption often held by clinicians is that once effective physiological therapy has been introduced, then patients' expectations will change correspondingly. That is, the effectively treated asthmatic will start taking exercise and the desensitized allergy patient will no longer worry about bees. Is this assumption justi®ed? Sometimes it is and sometimes it isn't. If the clinician provides instruction about the therapy and what patients should expect in the future, then patients' expectations may change ÿ to the extent that their expectations are controlled by instruction. Of course, this does assume that the clinician provides patients with instruction about new expectancies Ð and that patients understand and remember what the clinician says. Other expectancies may not change. Because expectancies of harm lead patients to avoid situations which potentially lead to harm, patients do not develop the discon®rming experience that a situation is no longer harmful. Some asthma patients need `permission' to engage in new activities following more effective asthma therapy because they are uncertain whether the new activities are still harmful. However, even if patients are given instructions about new expectancies, and given permission to engage in new activities, it does not necessarily follow that their


Report presenting supersonic-tunnel tests of two models of similar supersonic airplane configurations at Mach numbers of 1.55, 1.90, and 2.32 to determine values of the drag, lift, pitching moment, yawing moment, and side force. The models were similar except for the vertical wing location relative to the body axis and horizontal tail; one had a high wing and one had a low wing. Results regarding the precision of data, Reynolds numbers of tests, results at the different Mach numbers, and Schileren photographs are provided.


The article covers the current situation with Russian film festivals. The author has developed a typology of film festivals, which contributed to the development of criteria for collecting up-to-date information about such festivals and creating a fresh database. It describes the social profile of the Russian film festival movement indicating the number of active festivals divided by different types along with the dynamics of their growth / decrease from 2019 to 2021. The author provides with a detailed description of the types and subtypes of movie festivals and categorizes them by the level of importance for filmmakers from various spheres as well as by the principles of their business operation and functioning. Another focus of the article is on the structure of the Russian festival movement and the dynamics of its change over the last three years together with certain adaptation strategies. In the last part of the article the author shows the analysis of the prominent filmmakers' opinions about the role of film festivals for the audience and for the industry.


Six male colts, ½ blood "Breton-Campolina" ileum fistulated were ad libitum fed with three rations: R1: elephant grass; R2: elephant grass plus ground corn, and R3: elephant grass plus ground corn plus soybean meal, aiming: 1) to estimate and compare the total apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), obtained by the marker chromic oxide and the total collection of feces, 2) to evaluate the pre-cecal and post-ileal apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), for the three diets and 3) to calculate, for difference, the energy and protein values of corn and its combination with the soybean meal for equine. A descriptive analysis was made for all the observed values. The estimate coefficients of apparent digestibility, for the three diets, using chromic oxide underestimated the values obtained by total feces collection. Highest values of apparent digestibility for OM and CP and fiber constituents of cellular wall were found, when soybean meal was added to the elephant grass and to the ground corn (R3). The apparent digestibility ether extract was as much similar for the corn (R2) as for corn plus soybean meal (R3). The elephant grass had low values of pre-cecal and post-ileal apparent digestibility. The pre-cecal apparent digestibility of CP, in the diet 2, was lower than the diet 3 and higher for DM. The digestibility pre-ileal of NDF, in the diet 2, was higher than that of the diet 3. The sites of digestion of CP, NDF, DM and OM were influenced by diets, being the small intestine the site more active in the digestion of protein and the large intestine, the most active site for the digestion of fiber.


The corn describe in ayurved text as kadar. Acharya Bhoj describe it as Manskeel. It's shape is just like Koalmatra. There is involvement of meda and rakta with dosha. It is very painful condition for the patient. Excision of the corn is very  painful. In modern surgery the only form of treatment of an corn that affords any reliable prospect of cure is excision.But the surgeries of corn have an unenviable reputation for subsequent chronic wound healing, more hospitalization etc. These are few operations in surgery where the quality of the result is so much influenced by the technical skill of the surgeon. Generally is recommended that salicylic acid not be used by people with diabetes  or when there is frail skin or poor circulation (because of concern about how the skin can heal). Sometime chemicals can harmful and allergic to the skin. Agnikarma is the best treatment for the corn. Acharya Sushruta has also describe-


Aluminium alloys produced by semi-solid forming processes are widely used instead of conventional die casting and forging processes. Uniform micro-structure, superior mechanical properties and the ability of producing near net shape parts are advantages of semi-solid forming processes. In this research by using a mechanical stirrer slurry maker constructed by the authors, the effects of mechanical stirring parameters such as: stirring time, stirring temperature and stirring speed on micro-structure, and mechanical properties of A360 aluminium alloy in semi-solid forming, are investigated. It is determined that a stirring temperature of 585°C, stirring time of 20 min, and stirring speed of 425 r/min lead to better micro-structure and mechanical properties. Also it is determined that the mould temperature and holding time of part in temperature of 580°C have a great effect on micro-structure and mechanical properties. By optimizing the forming parameters, dendrite microstructure changes to globular and mechanical properties improves. This is because of breaking and globularizing dendrites of primary α-AL.


Objective:To study the protective effects of grape seed extracts(GSE) against the acute chemical liver injury in mice and research its possible mechanism for offering scientific basis of its health function.Methods:Randomly distribute 60 male Kunming mice to control group,acute chemical liver injury model group,DDB group(150 mg/kg) and low,middle,high dose groups of GSE(50,250,500 mg/kg).Determination and comparing of liver and spleen index between groups,using Reitman-Frankel to assay serum ALT and AST levels,xanthine oxidase to assay liver tissue SOD activities and thiobarburic acid to assay MDA content in liver tissue,and observing histopathological change of liver.Results:Treatment with different dose GSE could significantly increase serum ALT,AST levels(P0.01) and liver tissue SOD activities(P0.01),decrease MDA content in liver tissue(P0.01).Histopathological observations showed that GSE could ameliorate the liver injury in different degree.Conclusions:GSE showed protective effects on the acute chemical liver injury induce by carbon tetrachloride in mice.


Researchers investigated the relationship between parental attributions for children's disabilities and the quality of parent-child relationships, in both U.S. and Pakistani families. Parents of children with disabilities identified potential causes of the disability and rated their parent-child relationships. Factor analysis of the causal attributions resulted in 7 factors which became the subscales used to predict parent-child relationships. Findings indicate (a) Pakistani parents rated their relationships more negatively, (b) parents who rated "Something I Did" as an influential cause rated their parent-child relationships more negatively, and (c) parents who rated "Parent's Age" as an influential cause rated their parent-child relationships more positively. More important, parent education potentially could decrease self-blame and improve the parent-child relationship for the parents and the children.


Sphingosine 1-phosphate (SPP), a sphingolipid second messenger implicated in the mitogenic action of platelet-derived growth factor [Olivera, A. and Spiegel, S. (1993) Nature (London) 365, 557–560], induced rapid reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton resulting in stress-fibre formation. SPP also induced transient tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (p125FAK), a cytosolic tyrosine kinase that localizes in focal adhesions, and of the cytoskeleton-associated protein paxillin. Exoenzyme C3 transferase, which ADP-ribosylates Rho (a Ras-related small GTPbinding protein) on asparagine-41 and renders it biologically inactive, inhibited both stress-fibre formation and protein tyrosine phosphorylation induced by SPP. Thus Rho may be an upstream regulator of both stress-fibre formation and tyrosine phosphorylation of p125FAK and paxillin. Pretreatment with


A method and apparatus for improving the energy efficiency in a sensor network is provided. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method of improving the energy efficiency of the sensor network, 2 an information about any first node in their existing in one sensor network of nodes broadcast, and the first registered by a peripheral node other than the node receiving the information on the node that broadcast the peripheral step; And and using the information on the received peripheral node comprises a negotiation step of calculating the value of the optimized transmit power level (Optimized Transmission Power Level) for said peripheral node, wherein the registration step registers the registration limit timer setting a time limit and is initiated by operation, the registration timer characterized in that the first node broadcasts the frame to a random time interval to the neighbor node by setting a random time interval. ELM-MAC, the transmit power level