Purpose: To investigate the accuracy difference between the surgical microscope and CBCT to find of extra canal MB2 in maxillary first molar among the Malay population.
Materials and Methods: This was an in-vitro cross-sectional study on total of 83 extracted maxillary first permanent molars of Malay patients who attended the Polyclinic, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, IIUM. All teeth were cleaned, mounted in a wax box and were sent for a PA radiograph and cone beam computed tomography imaging. Cavity access was performed on all teeth followed by coronal patency under surgical microscope.
Results: Out of 83 teeth, 68% were found with MB2 canal. However, prevalence of MB2 canal found in both clinical and radiographic examinations was 68%. Kappa statistic between clinical and radiographic examination was 0.94 (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: This study showed that agreement between clinical and radiographic assessments was almost perfect (94%), the treatment can be proceed without expose the patient to extra radiation and it was found the high prevalence of MB2 canal among a sample of Malay population.


Wireless sensor network coverage is a basic problem of wireless sensor network. In this paper, we propose a wireless sensor network node deployment algorithm base on distribution in order to form an efficient wireless sensor network. The iteratively greedy algorithm is used in this paper to choose priority nodes into active until the entire network is covered by wireless sensor nodes, the whole network to multiply connected. The simulation results show that the distributed wireless sensor network node deployment algorithm can form a multiply connected wireless sensor network. Copyright © 2014 IFSA Publishing, S. L.


BACKGROUND
Percutaneous septal ablation has evolved as an alternative to surgery for reducing symptoms and outflow gradients in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Intraprocedural echo-cardiographic imaging can improve clinical and hemodynamic results. Growing experience with this method has additionally shown that threatening necrosis of the myocardium distant from the septal target region can be detected.

METHODS AND RESULTS
Percutaneous septal ablation was performed in 162 patients (80 women, 82 men; aged 54.1 +/- 15.5 years); 131 of whom were targeted by intraprocedural myocardial contrast echocardiography. In 11 patients (7%), an atypical target vessel or a perfusion area distant from the expected septal target region was detected, leading to a target vessel change. Permanent pacing was necessary in 14 patients (9%). Three patients (2%) died. After 3 months, the mean New York Heart Association functional class was reduced in the returning 159 patients from 2.8 +/- 0.5 to 1.3 +/- 1.0 (P <.0001) along with a gradient reduction from 77 +/- 35 to 12 +/- 22 mm Hg at rest, and from 147 +/- 43 to 44 +/- 45 mm Hg with provocation (P < .0001 each). The main reason for unsatisfactory gradient reduction was suboptimal scar placement in the patients treated before the introduction of intraprocedural myocardial contrast echocardiography.

CONCLUSIONS
Percutaneous septal ablation is an effective nonsurgical technique for reducing symptoms and outflow gradients in hypertrophic obstructive cardio-myopathy. Echocardiographic guidance adds substantially to safety and efficacy of the procedure and should therefore be considered routinely.


The present study aimed to identify the productivity of cow pea plant with biofertilizer enriched vermicompost. The values of maximum root length, shoot length, number of root nodules, internodes, number of appeared flowers, number of pods appeared, pod length, pod wet weight  and number of seeds found higher on 70th day with VC (TP + CA) + MI × 10 8 treated plants. The level of  C/N and C/P ratio found maximum in leaf litter of GS+CD (1:1) and Leaf litter of (CA+GS)+CD (1:1:2) treated vermicompost. The total numbers (140.16) and total biomass (61.36 g) of the recovered worms found higher in leaf litter of (TP+ CA) +CW (1:1:2) in treated litters. The microbial counts found higher in leaf litter of (TP+CA) +CD (1:1:2) treatments. The percentage occurrence of nutritional factor, chlorophyll content and biochemical parameter found higher in (TP+CA) +CD (1:1:2) treated plants. It has concluded that, the enrichment of vermicompost with biofertilizer has enhanced the various physiological properties in Vigna unguiculata.


We proposed a people recognition method for moving people of entering & leaving a video surveillance area employing the spatial-based of single-pedestrian image in conjunction with color vector. The spatial-based is used because it is difference location for variance parts of the body. A histogram-based framework is used to describe the color vector of variance parts of the moving people. The method is able to tracking and identification successfully the moving people in different outdoor environment based on variance of samples. The experimental results illustrate that the method can automatically tracking and identification based on the moving people for entering & leaving a video surveillance area.


— Numerical statistical methods were used to analyze the species in the genus Sceloporus using cranial osteology, external meristic and numeric characters, karyology, display behavior, and geographic distribution. A new classification for the genus is proposed with three major branches or groups. Group I contains 7 species in 3 species groups. Group II contains approximately 19 species in 5 species groups. Group III contains approximately 32 species in 5 species groups. This classification is supported by the cluster analysis of several different sets of data. Cranial osteology, zoogeography, behavior, and karyology are shown to be taxonomically significant as nvuneric characters. Stepwise discriminate analysis shows that this classification of the species of Sceloporus into 3 major groups and 13 species groups is significant at the .999 confidence level: It is concluded that the 3 major groups should be given taxonomic recognition. Cope (1900) stated, "The distinction of many of the species of this genus [Sceloporus] is not accomplished without difficulty. I recommend it as an excellent piece de resistance for those persons who do not believe in the doctrine of derivation of species." This statement was endorsed by Hobart Smith (1938:548-49): Sceloporus is one of the most nearly ideal of living genera of reptiles for the study of speciation and related phenomena. The characteristics which it possesses and which are essential to an ideal genus for such studies are:


Production scale,labour efficiency,forage processing,diet ary nutrition,environmental hygiene and disease control,product quality relate to Finland fox farming industry and problems exclisted in China were summaried. Scientific management and breeding,skill processing and developed auction marketing system of fur are the keys for the success of Finland fox industry.


Reading is invisible. Any report of another's reading (beyond the level of word recognition) must rely on some kind of reproduction of the actual experience; there is no way to tap into the experience itself. After completing a pilot study, a small number of adolescents--5 eighth graders and 5 eleventh graders read the first four chapters of Gillian Cross' "Wolf" and later took the book home to finish reading it. Then, meeting again with the researcher, they worked through these chapters a second time, and finally, they discussed the book as a whole. Results focused on how readers decide if their interpretations of the text are "good enough," a value growing out of a student's own individual balance between momentum and accountability, or in other words, between their need for pace and their need to understand. Some readers have a bias towards momentum and go with the flow of the text, while others have a bias towards accountability and are more careful to understand every detail before going on. A detailed accounting shows how three students in particular wrestled with the problem of "good enough." And one specific issue arose in discussion with the readers--the question of re-reading. Conclusions focus on the triangular tension between the reader's personal experience of the text, the text itself, and the experience others have in reading a text. (Contains 10 references.) (TB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************


Personal informatics systems can help people promote their health and well-being. Recent studies have shown that such systems can be used to infer relevant health indicators such as, e.g., stress, anxiety, and sleeping habits. While automatic detection of sleep has been studied extensively, there is a lack of studies exploring how population and personalized models influence the performance of sleep detection. In this article, we address this challenge by investigating the recognition of sleep/wake stages and high/low sleep quality with a focus on the impact of personalized models. To evaluate our approach, we collect a dataset of physiological signals and self-reports about sleep/wake times and sleep quality score. The dataset contains 6557 hours of sensor data collected using wristbands from 16 participants over one month. Our results show that personalized models perform significantly better than population models for sleep quality recognition, and are comparably good for sleep stage detection. The balanced accuracy for sleep/wake and high/low sleep quality are 92.2% and 61.51%, which are significantly higher than baseline classifiers.


In 1975, Fairfax News commemorated International Women's Year by appointing Lorrie Graham as its first female cadet photographer. Women only joined the photographic staff of newspapers in significant numbers from the 1980s and were more likely to be employed on regional newspapers than the metropolitan dailies. This article draws on interviews with male and female press photographers collected for the National Library of Australia's oral history programme. It provides an overview of the history of women press photographers in Australia, situating their working lives within an overtly masculine newspaper culture where gender inequity was entrenched. It also examines the gendered and evolving photographic representations of women in the Australian press, including those of women in positions of social and political leadership. Although women press photographers have achieved greater recognition in the 2000s, the transformation of the media industry has impacted the working practices and employment of press photographers.


Heritability, a quantity that reflects the degree of resemblance between parent and offspring traits, is measured during plant and animal breeding because it predicts selection success during artificial selection of individuals. However, when whole microbial communities are under artificial selection to improve their traits, high heritability of the community trait does not necessarily predict selection success. To better understand the relationship between heritability and success during community selection, we establish a quantitative genetics framework, and in doing so, we obtain practical recommendations. Specifically, we decompose a community trait into "trait determinants": genotype compositions and species compositions that impact the community trait and that vary among communities. This allows us to interpret heritability of a community trait in terms of the heritability of its determinants. We then use the Price equation to partition the selection response of a community trait into three phenomena: inter-community selection (heritability multiplied by selection intensity), transmission infidelity (the change in community trait from parent to offspring), and nonlinearity (due to a nonlinear relationship between parent and offspring traits). We illustrate that evolution within a community can cause the three terms to covary: in addition to the known effect of worsening transmission infidelity, intra-community evolution can lead to inflated heritability values greater than one (through an effect whereby "the poor get poorer"), and simultaneously magnify nonlinearity. As a consequence of these effects, heritability no longer predicts the selection response of a community trait. We propose effective selection strategies that improve heritability without accelerating intra-community evolution.


We study heat current and the full statistics of heat fluctuations in a capacitively-coupled double quantum dot system. This work is motivated by recent theoretical studies and experimental works on heat currents in quantum dot circuits. As expected intuitively, within the (static) mean-field approximation, the system at steady-state decouples into two single-dot equilibrium systems with renormalized dot energies, leading to zero average heat flux and fluctuations. This reveals that dynamic correlations induced between electrons on the dots is solely responsible for the heat transport between the two reservoirs. To study heat current fluctuations, we compute steady-state cumulant generating function for heat exchanged between reservoirs using two approaches : Lindblad quantum master equation approach, which is valid for arbitrary coulomb interaction strength but weak system-reservoir coupling strength, and the saddle point approximation for Schwinger-Keldysh coherent state path integral, which is valid for arbitrary system-reservoir coupling strength but weak coulomb interaction strength. Using thus obtained generating functions, we verify steady-state fluctuation theorem for stochastic heat flux and study the average heat current and its fluctuations. We find that the heat current and its fluctuations change non-monotonically with the coulomb interaction strength ($U$) and system-reservoir coupling strength ($\Gamma$) and are suppressed for large values of $U$ and $\Gamma$.


A statistical model for segmentation and word discovery in continuous speech is presented. An incremental unsupervised learning algorithm to infer word boundaries based on this model is described. Results are also presented of empirical tests showing that the algorithm is competitive with other models that have been used for similar tasks.


ABSTRACT The presentation and visual design of the "don't know" category in rating scales on respondents' behavior may have ambivalent effects. The hypothesis is that attitude strength toward the topic influences the respondents' sensitivity to the graphical design of the scale. A paper-and-pencil questionnaire conducted among 307 German university students contained an experimental variation of the presentation of a "don't know" category and its visual design. A multinomial logistic regression shows that presenting a "don't know" category drives respondents toward extreme categories. The visual design of the "don't know" category influences the distribution of responses, all the more that the respondents' attitudes toward the item topic are weak.


This note provides a general construction, and gives a concrete example of, forced ordinary differential equation systems that have these two properties: (a) for each constant input u, all solutions converge to a steady state but (b) for some periodic inputs, the system has arbitrary (for example, "chaotic") behavior. An alternative example has the property that all solutions converge to the same state (independently of initial conditions as well as input, so long as it is constant).


T n e * e x t which introduces the collected material describes the reactions of some people in the suburban village of Sestinski Kraljevec near Zagreb to modern elements which affect this community and the way of life of its members. The author discusses the role of the mountain stream which flows through the village, the life of the Šestine laundresses, work in the nearby quarry, house-to-house milk delivery in the city, the new role of singing in the village, and the attitudes of the story-tellers and narrators to changes brought about by the modern times. The conclusions are drawn from personal observation and conversations with villages centering on the topic or »life in former times and now«. In these conversations, tradition appears in the form of reminiscences of certain »facts« dating back to the narrators childhood and early youth. In their talks with the author the narrators did not confine themselves to mere facts but also gave their subjective interpretation.


The similarity of flow behind V-gutter flameholders and the proposed jet curtain flameholders has been demonstrated from flow visualization studies. The effective blockage of jet curtain flameholders can be varied by varying the jet pressure ratio. The jet curtain flameholder gives the same stability limits as the V-gutter if the mixture strength in the recirculation zones is identical, while it has negligible cold pressure loss. Thus, the use of the jet curtain flameholder offers the possibility of significant reduction in overall weight of an aircraft for a given range, if the afterburning duration is short.Copyright © 1978 by ASME


Higher education has experienced a paradigm shift away from teaching and toward learning. This focuses on students, and defines learning as "significant long-term changes in knowledge, understanding, skills and attitudes or beliefs." This focus calls for androgogy — adult education — which focuses on collaboration, inquiry, and self-direction. Principles of this new learning focus include active learning, focus on the learner, ensuring links between new and previously learned knowledge, effective feedback, and scaffolding to help learners organize learning experiences. Problem Based Learning (PBL) is one approach which responds to this change in focus. Examples are given of how the University of Newcastle has addressed this new focus in their curriculum, graduate profiles, and evaluations.


Background Immunotherapy for human hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is slowly making progress towards treating these fatal cancers. The identification of new antigens can improve this approach. We describe a possible new antigen, hepatocellular carcinoma‐associated antigen‐519/targeting protein for Xklp‐2 (HCA519/TPX2), for HCC that might be beneficial for T‐cell specific HCC immunotherapy. Methods HCC was studied for the expression for 15 tumor‐associated antigens considered useful for immunotherapy within three HCC cell lines (HepG2, Hep3B, and PLC/PRF/5), lymphocytes, non‐cancerous livers, and clinical HCC. The expression of tumor antigenic precursor proteins (TAPPs) messenger RNA was first screened by reverse transcriptase quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Results Four antigens (alpha fetoprotein, aspartyl/asparaginyl βhydroxylase, glypican3 and HCA519/TPX2) proved to be the best expressed TAPPs within the HCC specimens by molecular analyses. HCA519/TPX2 was detected by intracellular cell flow cytometry within HCC cell lines by using a specific antibody towards this TAPP. This antibody also detected the protein within primary HCCs. We synthesized two HCA519/TPX2 peptides (HCA519464–472 and HCA519351–359) which can bind to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐A*0201. Dendritic cells pulsed with these peptides stimulated cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs). These killer T‐cells lysed HLA‐A*0201+ T2 cells exogenously loaded with the correct specific peptide. The CTLs killed HepG2 (HLA‐A2+ and HCA519+), but not the Hep3B and PLC/PRF/5 cell lines, which are HCA519+ but HLA‐A2‐negative. In silico analysis reveals that HCA519/TPX2 has the inherent ability to bind to a very wide variety of HLA antigens. Conclusion HCA519/TPX2 is a viable immunotarget that should be further investigated within HCC patients.


Snake/comb defect test structures and an in-line patterned wafer inspection system (Inspex) are very effective for monitoring, investigating, and controlling contamination in modern silicon wafer manufacturing. These techniques have been widely used in our wafer fabrication facility to monitor silicon wafer processing, and to diagnose device failures. In this paper, the methodology of using these techniques to evaluate and control Ti/TiN barrier layer particles is demonstrated. The correlation between these two techniques was studied. A defectivity control baseline for Ti/TiN deposition process was established using statistical analysis. New and improved preventative maintenance procedures were implemented based on the data from snake and Inspex monitors. As a result, the particle defectivity of the Ti/TiN sputtering process has been dramatically reduced in the Ti/TiN process. The column failures of BiCMOS fast SRAM devices have been reduced by approximately 30%, and the probe yield of the SRAM product line has increased by over 14%.


While sea ice extent has declined dramatically in the Arctic in recent years, it has increased slightly in the Antarctic. Some scientists have suggested that increased Antarctic sea ice extent can be explained by the ozone hole over Antarctica. Previous simulations have indicated that the ozone hole induces a large change in atmospheric circulation in austral summer and that this change in circulation could contribute to the changing Antarctic sea extent.


Two methods for integrating prior information about the signal directions of arrival and the sensor locations and intrinsic phases into the cyclic regression method for signal direction-finding as well as sensor self-localization and calibration are presented. Only coherent signals are considered. The methods demonstrate the versatility of the cyclic regression method.<<ETX>>


Abstract Throughout the nineteenth century, the study of military topography formed an integral part of the curriculum at British military training establishments. Within the wider topographical theme, the problem of relief representation on manuscript maps and sketches remained insurmountable for at least eighty years. This paper examines some of the teaching methods employed in drawing relief, and traces the transition from the generalised, artistic styles of the early 1800s to the uniform adoption of contouring by the War Office in 1880.


This article is for adults at average risk of getting colorectal cancer. This article is meant to help readers understand primary prevention and risk reduction approaches. Written by Melissa J. Vilaro, Valeria Westring, and Rebecca M. Elliott, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, May 2023.


In order to obtain a mathematical model used in engineering,the existing mathematical model of silicon photovoltaic cells(PV) was simplified,and a simulation model in Matlab/Simulink was created.According to parameters provided by data sheets,the simulated output characteristics of silicon PV were gained to verify the validity of engineering mathematical model.The results of simulation and analysis demonstrate that the simulating the output characteristics of silicon PV with this engineering mathematical model can meet the special accuracy requirements of engineering application.


The conference seeks to provide an array of Syrian political actors based in Austria and abroad with an opportunity to offer their insights into the current conflict and explore prospects for reconciliation. It offers a neutral forum for the exchange of perspectives on the interconnected issues of the promotion of civil society, political cooperation and bringing violence to an end, while also addressing their implications for international politics and security. The conference venue, the Semper Depot of the Akademie der Bildenden Künste, will also host the photographic exhibition Syrian Perspectives on War.


In July, 2000, the Controlled Materials Accountability and Tracking System (COMATS) Team, with the assistance of a representative of the Local Area Network Materials Accountability System (LANMAS) development team from Savannah River, performed an evaluation to enumerate and qualify differences between the current LANMAS functionality and LLNL requirements as implemented by COMATS. The differences found range from minor to serious deficiencies of LANMAS in relation to current LLNL MC&A practice. Therefore, we recommend a gradual integration of LANMAS into a hybrid system which uses LANMAS to satisfy DOE/NNSA MC&A and reporting requirements and uses COMATS to satisfy LLNL-specific MC&A and operational requirements.


Deuterium-labelled coenzyme Q10 ([2-CD3-1′-CD2]coenzyme Q10, coenzyme Q10-d5 ) was synthesized by condensation of 2,3-dimethoxy-[5-CD3]methyl-1, 4-hydroquinone with [1-CD2]decaprenol. Five positions were selected for deuteration as replacement at these positions allowed examination of every step of the synthesis. This examination was carried out by a combination of 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic spectrometry and mass spectrometry. Further, these positions have been proved to be metabolically stable. This reagent makes simultaneous quantification of the source of coenzyme Q10 (exogenously supplied or endogenously supplied) possible in biological samples by measurements on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract This paper describes how students are empowered in an action research project. The author argues that, given the opportunity, students are willing and have the ability to exercise their power to control their learning. In addition, the author contends that the more power students have in deciding what and how to learn, the harder they will work, the stronger their learning motivation will be, and the more they will gain in their learning. The experience gained in this project pointed to three important components of student empowerment efforts, i.e. empowerment through involvement, empowerment through partnership and empowerment through action research.


The paper presents analysis of the features of robotic technological assembly lines and methods of their organization. The flexibility increasing of assembly robotic technological lines is currently provided mainly by the block-modular organization of technological lines and by various methods of technological equipment movement and structural transformation of manipulator links. For the assembly of products or their components from parts of complex configuration with various weight and size characteristics, it is recommended to use gripping devices of manipulators, which design gives the possibility to adapt the setting forces depending on the weight and dimensions of the gripped part. The growth of technological flexibility can be achieved through organizational, technical and design capabilities using a special technological assembly module of the carousel type, which main nodes are two turntables. The one turntable is designed for assembly operations. An example of a technological assembly module with three robots is given. Their interaction is carried out using computer control. In such a module, robots are arranged in a circle and the parts to be assembled are moved along a circle arc.


The penalties incurred in using the sample-and-sum, weighted partial decision, and binary Partial decision detectors are analyzed. Even though these schemes are inferior to the digital matched filter detector, they could be used in systems with more modest computational capabilities. Analytic expressions are obtained for the losses when the number of samples M is large. Examples are also given which indicate how these losses vary with M .


Although both narratives deconstruct their epistemological premise that woman/ Truth can be unveiled and known outside of representation, Dobie cautions that such deconstruction does not necessarily "neutralize the [voyeuristic] exposure of female identity that these narratives perform" (119). Rather, as her study shows, any critic's assessment of the power of ethnocentrism relative to its deconstruction in Orientalist fiction is complicated and enriched by attention to the broader social context in which the fiction was written. For example, Dobie focuses on the central image of the sofa, which in Crébillon fils's narrative is a site for gaining social reputation through sexual relations. While this appropriation of sexual relations for social intercourse characterizes libertine fiction generally, the sofa refers us extraand intertextually to the ways in which chairs and sofas in eighteenth-century France were both feminized and Orientalized. In a fascinating, illustrated presentation of the new forms of armchairs and sofas designed for comfort and for social interaction in the upper classes, Dobie argues that the feminization of commodity furniture both in the world and in representation constituted a cultural practice in which competing views of women's social influence were evident:


At first glance, this film appears to be the sequel to Twister (1996) that never happened. Nearly two decades after the creation of that disaster film, Into the Storm struck theaters. While seeming...


This paper presents the implementation and analysis of Carbon Nano tube Field Effect transistor (CNFET) and CMOS based one bit ALU .It is well known that the ALU is the key component of any processor. The functioning of the processor depends partially or as a whole on its ALU. Therefore there is a need to design ALUs with high efficiency and reliability. CNFET is used for high performance, high stability and low-power circuit designs as an alternative material to silicon in recent years. Hspice based results demonstrate that the CNFET based ALU circuits achieve great improvement in terms of power dissipation with respect to their CMOS counterpart at 10 nm Technology.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic effects with different exposure timings on the forced metamorphosis of Mexican axolotls, which is induced by a function of thyroxine (T4). One hundred and forty axolotls (about 5 months old, approximately 80 mm) were individually kept in appropriate square boxes containing a dechlorinated water without aeration. Following a soak with T4 for 60 h, the T4 solution was displaced by a dechlorinated water, employing an original water-renewing system. Exposures of T4-administrated axolotls to ELF fields (5.0 mT at 10 Hz) were performed using an air-cored coil system. The water temperature was strictly controlled at 24°C. The morphological changes and the survival rates of the axolotls affected by the prestimulation of the T4 were monitored every day. In consequence, we discovered that the initiation timings of ELF field exposure did influence the speed of the morphological changes, as well as the survival rates of the following salamanded axolotls. As a point worthy of special mention, there was a close connection between the T4-corresponding survival rates and serious indigestion/anorexia in the salamanded bodies. Our data could prove to be helpful for future reference with respect to a magnetic control study of tissue-regeneration.


Summary
Investigation of secondary metabolite production of Chalara fraxinea, the fungus responsible for dieback of ash, led to the isolation of the phytotoxin viridiol and the fungistatic compound viridin. Viridiol showed necrotic activity towards ash-seedlings.


d v w a AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY (AI) in patients after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is one of the nintended and potentially harmful consequences.1,2 Excessive LVAD flows, resulting in diminished and infrequent aortic valve (AV) opening, may facilitate AI progression and extend its duration to the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle.2,3 The igh temporal resolution of the echocardiographic M mode akes it very effective in monitoring the effects of LVAD speeds n AV function in real time. This case report describes the pathohysiology of AV leaflets akinesis and systolic aortic insufficiency n patients supported with continuous-flow LVAD and shows the rayscale and color M-mode AV surveillance in the perioperative ptimization of the LVAD setting.


ABSTRACT This text reflects in part on Sosa's ongoing project (in collaboration with Navild Acosta) Black Power Naps (https://blackpowernaps.black/), as well as ecologies of pleasure, and bio-technologies of the body in green city spaces. Sosa was an Open Call working group member in 2021, and was invited to re-visit their practice for this STP special issue.


5.1. The problem 5.2. The test statistics 5.3. The inequality 5.4. A numerical example 5.5. Instrumental variables 6. Asymptotic equivalence and optimality of the test statistics 7. The Lagrange Multiplier test as a diagnostic 8. Lagrange Multiplier tests for non-spherical disturbances 8.1. Testing for heteroscedasticity 8.2. Serial correlation 9. Testing the specification of the mean in several complex models 9.1. Testing for non-linearities 9.2. Testing for common factor dynamics 9.3. Testing for exogeneity 9.4. Discrete choice and truncated distributions 10. Alternative testing procedures 11. Non-standard situations 12. Conclusion References


From sources in Canada and the United States, the Saint John River traverses more than 670 km before entering the Bay of Fundy at Saint John, New Brunswick. Mixing and exchange of fresh and salt water between the Saint John River, the adjoining Kennebecasis Fjord and the sea is driven by strong tides in the Bay of Fundy and fluvial flows, which are seasonal and highly variable. Upstream of the Port of Saint John, the bathymetry features a series of shallow sills and deep gorges. Estuarine mixing processes are controlled by a natural sill near the mouth of the river, known as the Reversing Falls. The restriction causes a turbulent rapid to form flowing upstream with the flood tide, which then reverses and flows downstream with the ebb tide. Although tides are damped by the Reversing Falls, intermittent discharges of saline water over the sill during the flood tide can accumulate in deeper parts of the estuary and penetrate more than 30 km upstream depending on seasonal river flows. A three-dimensional, baroclinic numerical model of the Saint John Estuary was developed based on the TELEMAC-3D finite volume solver to simulate hydrodynamics and circulation. The model setup, calibration and validation processes relied on field data derived from a multi-year campaign of bathymetric surveys and oceanographic measurements, conducted by the University of New Brunswick's Ocean Mapping Group. The data included high resolution, multibeam bathymetric survey data, acoustic Doppler current profiles, and conductivity-temperature-depth measurements. The model has become a useful tool for assessing water exchange, water quality issues (e.g., fate and transport of effluent discharges), and the potential impacts of development within this dynamic estuary. A three-dimensional, numerical hydrodynamic model of the SJR estuary, which included temperature and salinity effects, was developed in TELEMAC-3D to simulate hydrodynamic conditions and circulation in the lower The hydrodynamic model was developed, and then calibrated and validated, using extensive and oceanographic datasets of New Brunswick's The model was used to investigate the role of the Reversing Falls in controlling hydrodynamics in the lower and to investigate the dispersion and transport of effluent plumes


We investigate whether individuals' cognitive processes and ethical judgment contribute to earnings management behavior apart from economic incentives. If the motivation for earnings management is purely economic, earnings management behavior should not occur in a setting that lacks economic incentives. Drawing on cognitive psychology theories (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979; Simon, 1996), we theorize that earnings targets establish implicit aspiration levels that act as mental frames of reference against which unmanaged earnings performance is evaluated and, ultimately, affect whether earnings are managed. Using an experimental method, we find that in the absence of direct economic incentives, a considerable proportion of participants managed earnings to achieve earnings targets. We document patterns of earnings management behavior that are consistent with the tenets of cognitive psychology. Interestingly, we observe earnings management behavior even when such behavior is judged to be highly unethical. While we find that ethical judgment can help regulate earnings management behavior, ethical judgment mitigates earnings management behavior to a lesser extent when earnings management can help achieve an otherwise unmet earnings target. Our findings suggest that cognition and ethical judgment play important roles in earnings management behavior.


The article deals with issues of experimental determination of thermophysical properties of agglomerate of ore phosphorite raw material, which takes into account technological peculiarities of operation of industrial agglomeration machines. The procedure for conducting experiments to study the thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity of the agglomerate at high temperatures in the ranges of operating agglomeration machines is presented. It was established that to study the thermal conductivity and thermal conductivity coefficients of agglomerates of phosphorus-containing ore raw materials, a method of regular mode of the 3rd kind is used, which allows obtaining a complex of reliable data on thermophysical properties in one experiment with monotonous heating of samples. It provides sufficient accuracy for practical purposes. This circumstance is especially important in the study of natural ore rocks characterized by significant heterogeneities in structure and composition, when it is impossible to ensure absolute identity of samples. When using the irregularity compensation scheme, it has been found that the acquisition of informative signals – harmonic amplitude or temperature phase shift at various points in the sample – is not related to the heating conditions. This quality of the presented procedure is especially important in the study of the properties of reactive ore materials and materials with a changing structure, when the heating rate affects the intensity and temperature range of thermally activated processes. It is scientifically justified that the thermal conductivity of the components included in the phosphorus-containing ore is higher than that of the agglomerate obtained from it. The mineralogical composition and porosity of phosphorite ore fines significantly affects the volumetric heat capacity of agglomerates. The porosity of the ore material depends less on the chemical composition of phosphorites. Differences in heat conduction coefficients decrease as the temperature increases.


This paper outlines the fabrication and characterization of an immunosensor based on electrodchemical, biological, and nano-material techniques to achieve high sensitive detection of Escherichia coli (E.coli). The working electrode consists of E.coli antibody/antigen/horse-radish peroxidase(HRP) labeled antibody immobilized on plasma-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (pf-MWCNT) film. Immunosensors were characterized by cyclic voltammetry using 10 mM K3Fe(CN)6R/ 3 M KCl and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). This immunosensor shows very high sensitivity to E. coli O157:H7 and detection limit as low as 0.031 ng/ml. This is 100 times lower than that achievable with standard spectrophotometric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the same immunochemicals.


We present a general formalism for obtaining a coupled set of first-order rate equations for the optical field at a finite number of points in an optical resonator. We compare these local-field equations to an expansion in modes of the individual resonators and point out a shortcoming of the latter technique that has not been recognized before. We consider the special case of a set of two coupled resonators and derive the coupled rate equations for the fields in each of the two cavities with coupling coefficients. The resulting formulas are both simpler than those derived from coupled-mode theory and more accurate in the sense that they give a steady-state response which agrees with that calculated from the composite cavity modes. We show how the use of a single local-field rate equation can carry the same information as a full set of multimode rate equations in some cases, in particular, that of partial reflection back into a laser from a distant source.


Portable coating system for coating the electrical insulator. The system comprises an elongated transport containers which can be transported to the work site, and a plurality of stations which are disposed in the transport in the container. The plurality of stations, a loading station for loading an insulator to be coated, a coating station having robot-controlled applicator for applying the elastomeric coating to the insulator, to cure the elastomer coating is disposed after the coating station comprising a curing station, the unloading station for unloading the coated insulator. The system also includes an endless loop conveyor which transports the insulator through a plurality of stations. Endless loop conveyor has a path of an elongated circulation. .FIELD 1


PURPOSE: In the U.S. and globally, adults independently seek out online advice to support their personal health and fitness goals. In this study, we examined web articles specific to physical activity promotion. Our objectives were to determine the rate that web articles at least once provided advice consistent with national physical activity guidelines (PAGs) and determine if consistency with PAGs varied on the basis of production source (i.e., commercial, governmental, professional association, or voluntary health agency). METHODS: The Google search engine was used to locate free-to-access web articles focused on physical activity promotion, written in English, and used text as the main communication medium. Valid lay search strategies independently reviewed by three experts were used. The 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans 18 to 64 years of age were used to appraise the credibility of messages. Seventeen potential PAGs were referenced. RESULTS: A sample of 72 web articles published or updated between 2008 and 2018 was obtained (M = 2016.34, SD = 2.02). All web articles that comprised the sample presented PAGrelated messages. The percent of the sample that lacked at least one consistent message ranged from 61.1% to 100% across the 17 PAGs. The level of inconsistency was significant for 15 PAGs, all p < .05. Production source was associated with consistency for five PAGs, all related to aerobic (endurance) physical activity, p ≤ .05, Cramer's V ≥ .30. For the remaining 12 PAGs, the rate of consistency was equivalent across the production source groups, p > .05, Cramer's V = .11-.26. Message consistency was lowest with guidelines for adults who have sedentary or modestly active lifestyles, M ≈ 3% of the study sample. CONCLUSION: Knowledge translation of physical activity guidelines is low in free online resources that lay adults may independently locate. This observation was irrespective of production source. The implications of this study's results will be discussed, including ways that they pertain to ACSM's National Roadmap to Improve Equity in Physical Activity Participation. In consideration of this study's findings, as well as broader knowledge translation issues that have been raised by others, including in other countries (e.g., Canada), recommendations for future research will be provided.


Progress in sintering process and improvement of mechanical properties of silicon nitride ceramics are reviewed. Emphases are placed on contributions of advanced sintering techniques and better understanding of sintering additives and microstructure-properties relations. Current applications as engine components and cutting tools are described, and future prospect is considered.


The present invention discloses a wireless chip, comprising a circuit layer, the circuit layer is arranged above the microstrip antenna; between the circuit layer and the absorbing body is provided with the microstrip antenna. Since the microstrip antenna is disposed above the circuit layer, and using the energy absorber having an absorption circuit and antenna isolation, at the same time, the metal film is not a microstrip antenna as an antenna to a radio frequency, but also serves as a shield interference, thereby effectively solve the interference problem of the antenna circuit; provided by selecting an appropriate dielectric constant of the medium, without excessive increase in the height of the chip to ensure that a small chip and a wireless device using the chip. Meanwhile, the present invention also provides a wireless device comprising the wireless chip.


possibility, the court declared that this was an entirely unrealistic proposition, since anyone would consider this oppressive and an abuse of process, in the absence of an order for a retrial by the Court of Appeal. For the instant appellants, the precise form of the court's order was academic; but this was not so for the two remaining defendants awaiting trial. In altering the record, the court acted in such a way as to show what had been (and remained) its real intention, in a matter (as to the form of its order) on which, on the original appeal, it had received no submissions, on which it had not been consulted and of which it knew nothing. The difficulty of the situation is illustrated by the fact that the court certified under s 33(2) of the Criminal Appeal Act 1968, as a point of law of general public importance, the question, when a court overturns a conviction on the ground that the appellant's trial was a nullity, but does not order venire denovo, is it appropriate to quash the conviction or simply to annul it? To proceed under s 2(3) of the 1968 Act or to proceed under s 53(2) of the 1981 Act may, in each case, lead to logical difficulty. That under s 2(3) is stated by Henry U (at 462F): 'Where there is a mistrial and no valid conviction, it is a contradiction in terms to "quash" the conviction because in law it never existed'. It is equally difficult to claim to make an order under powers to issue venire de novo, the moment after holding that there is to be no venire de novo.


Effects of polyvinylchloride (PVC) sheet thickness (t), feed speed (υ), spindle speed (ω), Z-axis feed rate (p) and tool head diameter (Φ) as well as their interactions during the single point incremental forming (SPIF) on forming performance of the PVC sheet material were studied through an orthogonal experimental test. In this experiment, the angle-variable cone was used and the maximum forming limiting angle was taken as the experimental index. Results showed that and ω×Φ influence forming performance of PVC sheet material significantly. υ is the main influencing factor of SPIF performance of PVC sheet material. Small υ is good for sheet material forming. p and Φ are proportional to forming performance of sheet material. Over ω will cause material wear-out. Effect of t could be neglected.


The acquisition of accurate B1 maps is critical for parallel transmit techniques (pTx). The presaturated turboFLASH (satTFL) method has been widely used in combination with interferometric encoding to provide robust and fast B1 maps. However, typical encodings, mostly evaluated on brain, do not necessarily fit all coils and organs. In this work, we evaluated and improved the accuracy of the satTFL for cervical spine at 7 T, proposing a novel interferometric encoding optimization. The benefits of such improvements were investigated in an exploratory study of quantitative T1 mapping with pTx‐MP2RAGE.


My father only spoke with pride about one thing in his life - his wartime RAF service. Mention of it was sure to animate him into fond reminiscences and endless stories.


Download delay, also known as "download time" and "tolerable wait time (TWT)," is the amount of time needed for instructional materials to appear on a Web page on a client computer after the page is accessed from a server. It is a new challenge specific to designing and using Internet-based materials (Davis & Hantula, 2001), but is related to an older mainframe computing difficulty known as system response time (SRT), the time between when a user issues a command and the system responds to the command. Download delay/TWT is primarily a function of the size of the data files being transmitted from the server to the client, the technological limitations of the client and server computers as well as the network infrastructure. A file of equal size may download more slowly or quickly on different client computers, depending on capabilities of the hardware, speed of the network and connections, and relative efficiency in the design of programs and transfer protocols. In an Internet environment with a broadband connection, download delay is usually a matter of seconds, often fractions of a second.


Background and Purpose: Autologous bone graft remains the gold standard for the calvarial repair. The synthesis and deposition of extracellular bone matrix and the osteogenic potential of cellular components have been observed to play a role in bone repair. It has only been appreciated recently that excellular matrix and cell necrosis induce an in ammatory response that has an established role in promoting tissue repair. TLR2 and TLR4 are members of a highly conserved receptor family and are critical activators of the innate immune response after tissue injury. Here we tested the hypothesis that calvarial healingafter cellular and accellular bone components implantation would be in uenced by the absence of TLR2 and TLR4.


Non-trivial inflaton self-interactions can yield calculable signatures of primordial non-Gaussianity that are measurable in cosmic surveys. We calculate the non-Gaussian corrections to Stochastic Inflation within the framework of Soft de Sitter Effective Theory, from which we derive the associated probability distribution for the scalar fluctuations. As a consequence of this new result, we show that the phase transition to slow-roll eternal inflation is often incalculable in these models. Instead, this transition is sensitive to the non-Gaussian tail of the distribution of scalar fluctuations, which probes physics inside the horizon, potentially beyond the cutoff scale of the Effective Field Theory of Inflation. We delineate the parameter space consistent with current observations and weak coupling at horizon crossing in which the large fluctuations relevant for eternal inflation can only be determined by appealing to a UV completion. We also argue that this breakdown of the perturbative description is required for the de Sitter entropy to reflect the number of de Sitter microstates.


An efficient and cost-effective piecewise mathematical model is presented to represent a descriptive huge data mathematically. The techniques of function lines as decision boundaries are applied to incorporate the big data of the organization into slope intercept form. Which may be very helpful for a better understanding of discrete data to obtain sustainable and accurate results. Based on the boundaries limitation results of the collected data of the Federal Board of Revenue, the income tax against the income is studied. And finally the reliability of piecewise function to optimize the role of strategic management in any organization is investigated. The results showed that, the slope rate measured in the boundaries of income in percentage or increased slope rate is in good agreement with that predicted by the organization in descriptive form.


Like Willy Loman, my mother was worth more dead than alive. Death of a Secretary. Propped up in bed at the Roswell Cancer clinic, her head circled in white gauze, she slowly explained to my brothers and me that nothing--not even death--would ever come between her and her children. This was after the first brain surgery, when she still spoke in full sentences. She had considered the investment options available to a struggling civil servant from Buffalo, she told us. Then she decided to buy not one but several large life insurance policies. She had wanted to surprise us with the money, but my mother was always lousy at surprises. We used to have to hide her birthday presents at the neighbors. Instead, she instructed her children how to spend the cash we were to receive from her dead body. I recall my mother telling my brothers and me that we should buy health insurance, because she couldn't live with the guilt that we had somehow inherited her cancer. I don't remember much else of what she said. In an attempt to save her life, the doctors installed a shunt in my mother's brain. A shunt is a kind of straw that acts as a bridge for cerebral spinal fluid. Only after the brain shunt treatment was underway did the doctors admit that surgery, infection and steroids have been known to provoke "trauma" in the thinking patient. But not to worry, they told us. There was medicine for that. Back then, while my mother held court discussing what her death would mean, I considered it my job to collect empirical details about her faltering life: evidence of fever, slurred speech, leaking bandages. I know she wanted each of us to buy ourselves "a little something." I told her I wanted to buy a computer, a big new one. She was enthusiastic. "Get a lot of memory," she said to me, "because you will find you need it." Do you know how Immanuel Kant's mother died? She was taking care of her best friend, who was ill. To persuade her friend to take medicine, Kant's mother first poured it into her spoon and drank it herself. She forgot, however, to clean the spoon off first. Kant's mother caught her friend's fatal disease, dying soon


A theory and computational method are provided for the calculation of lipid membranes elastic parameters, which overcomes the difficulties of the existing approaches and can be applied not only to single-component but also to multi-component membranes. It is shown that the major elastic parameters can be determined as the derivatives of the stress-profile moments with respect to stretching. The more general assumption of the global incompressibility, instead of the local one, is employed, which allows the measurement of the local Poisson's ratio from the response of the stress profile to the isotropic ambient pressure. In the case of the local incompressibility and quadratic energy law, a direct relation between the bending modulus and Gaussian curvature modulus is established.


Each year, the Section of Business Law sponsors the Mendes Hershman Student Writing Contest to encourage and reward law student writings on business law subjects of general and current interest. Essays submitted for consideration must be the work of the submitting student without substantial editorial input from others. The papers are judged on research and analysis , choice of topic, writing style, originality and contribution to the literature available on the topic. Depending on the topic, whether the paper has been previously published, and other factors, the winning essay is considered for publication in The Business Lawyer. The winning essay for the 2008-2009 contest was submitted by Elena Schwieger. Ms. Schwieger's paper has previously been published in Volume 57 of the Catholic University Law Review, so it is not being republished here. Ms. Schwieger was awarded the Mendes Hershman Student Writing Contest Prize at the Section's luncheon at the Spring Meeting in April 2008. An abstract of Ms. Schwieger's paper is set forth below.


The most important and critical to the performance of video surveillance systems is to be detected exactly how much. In order to accurately track the object must be able to accurately separate the background and object. However, the system itself rather than the human vision exactly distinguish the object and the background, to assess the situation, it is not easy. If we can accurately detect the background and the object, to be able to accurately track an object, it is possible to increase the reliability of the system, have a significant impact on the success of the entire production system. In this paper, we propose a way to distinguish more precisely the background and the object being to determine the background environment changes more accurately.


Total collision cross sections have been measured for helium atoms with energies between 500 and 2100 ev, and for argon atoms with the same energies, scattered in room temperature nitrogen. The results have been analyzed to obtain the average potential between a helium atom and a nitrogen molecule, 〈V(r)〉Av=1.19×10−10/r7.06 ergs, for r between 1.79 A and 2.29 A, and the average potential between an argon atom and a nitrogen molecule, 〈V(r)〉Av=1.21×10−9/r7.78 ergs, for r between 2.28 A and 2.83 A.A procedure which takes into account the noncoincidence of the center of mass and the centers of force in the N2 molecule has been developed for expressing these average atom‐molecule interactions as functions of the atom‐atom potential between the beam particle and either of the nitrogen atoms. These interatomic potentials have been combined with potentials previously determined for He–He and A–A to obtain a hypothetical potential between two nitrogen atoms in different N2 molecules. The following average intermo...


We investigate the gauge invariance of massive vector Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes in different brane models with two extra dimensions. We demonstrate that some additional constraint conditions on the geometry of branes are needed in order to get the gauge invariant effective action of the KK modes. Nevertheless, not all the conditions can be satisfied by the solutions of the branes, which will break the gauge invariance. Moreover, in the branes where the conditions can meet the brane solutions, we calculate mass spectra of vector and scalar KK modes, and the results show that when only one kind of scalar KK modes is found to be massive, the gauge invariance will also be broken.


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Figure. Fractional anisotropy in the left posterior cingulum.

Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), Zhang et al. report structural alterations of cingulum fibers, which connect hippocampus and posterior cingulate gyrus, in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer disease (AD). These alterations were better than conventional atrophy measurements in differentiating MCI and AD from normal aging.

see page 13

The editorial by Little and Holloway notes that although we can visualize and differentiate white and gray matter with standard MRI pulse sequences, they do not allow us to examine the integrity or directionality of white matter tracts. DTI takes advantage of the diffusivity of water and the restrictions imposed on the diffusion of water by white matter fiber tracts. In well-organized and …

 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif


Anthropogenic pollution of hydrological systems affects diverse communities and ecosystems around the world. Data analytics and modeling tools play a key role in fighting this challenge, as they can help identify key sources as well as trace transport and quantify impact within complex hydrological systems. Several tools exist for simulating and tracing pollutant transport throughout surface waters using detailed physical models; these tools are powerful, but can be computationally intensive, require significant amounts of data to be developed, and require expert knowledge for their use (ultimately limiting application scope). In this work, we present a graph modeling framework -- which we call ${\tt HydroGraphs}$ -- for understanding pollutant transport and fate across waterbodies, rivers, and watersheds. This framework uses a simplified representation of hydrological systems that can be constructed based purely on open-source data (National Hydrography Dataset and Watershed Boundary Dataset). The graph representation provides an flexible intuitive approach for capturing connectivity and for identifying upstream pollutant sources and for tracing downstream impacts within small and large hydrological systems. Moreover, the graph representation can facilitate the use of advanced algorithms and tools of graph theory, topology, optimization, and machine learning to aid data analytics and decision-making. We demonstrate the capabilities of our framework by using case studies in the State of Wisconsin; here, we aim to identify upstream nutrient pollutant sources that arise from agricultural practices and trace downstream impacts to waterbodies, rivers, and streams. Our tool ultimately seeks to help stakeholders design effective pollution prevention/mitigation practices and evaluate how surface waters respond to such practices.


that they found with their military association, in their eyes, raised their manhood, according to Graham. After all, there was an allure of stable employment and shelter, not to mention the very idea of combat and the strength and courage associated with it. However, during the Black Power era, and in the wake of the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., those sentiments changed. By that time, those soldiers found manhood more in their black identity, and even opposed certain aspects of the Vietnam War. Whereas in World Wars I and II the focus was on desegregating the military, by the Vietnam War, the military had been desegregated, yet black servicemen carved out their own spaces in which they could "blackenize" themselves and culturally transform. They created organizations, symbols, and symbolic acts to distinguish themselves from other soldiers. Not only was Vietnam the war during which the military was officially desegregated, but it was a time when legislation opened up the military to disadvantaged populations in record numbers, and middle class Americans began to see military service as something from which they could be excused. Black soldiers were increasingly on the front lines, and subsequently, they numbered disproportionately among the casualties. The uniqueness of the black experience in the military, coupled with the Black Power mood of the time, highlighted the specific experience of African American servicemen. Bonds with white soldiers throughout the decades were, after all, tenuous. The military was hardly insulated from the racism in America at large. But as Graham points out, the common experience of something as intense as basic training had the potential to forge "homosocial" ties between black and white men. Heightened racial consciousness during the Black Power era chipped away at such a common identity. For younger black soldiers in particular, "homosocial" conscience became more about union among blacks rather than among soldiers of all races. These feelings were not across the board among blacks. Some of the older black servicemen, for example, tended to hold different views, with more entrenched loyalties to the military, according to Graham. Graham also points to the uniquely challenging position in which higher ranking black officers found themselves wedged between their military and black identities. Overall, Graham has put together a compelling piece that is hard to put down. He skillfully tells the story of the black military experience and its complexities, weaving in numerous angles, from the symbolism of Muhammad Ali's refusal to be drafted, to the identification of some black soldiers with other people of color, to the racial unrest on the naval ship Kitty Hawk. Graham's analysis focuses on gender, but it is not this book's most interesting angle. In fact, numerous arguments stream through the book at once, and not all are tied together at the end. This is, however, likely a situation where the content of the case outweighs the finer points of social analysis. Graham properly situated black soldiers and their experiences within the context of the historical periods of America's major wars and popular sentiment within the black community itself. The Black Power era was unique in itself, as it was a time when the hope of what American society could provide for blacks transformed into what the black community could do to strengthen its identity and build from within.


Animal tracking has made significant technological progress in the last years with lighter, more capable sensors and better battery usage. However, analyzing these movement tracks is still challenging for most biologists since it requires extensive computer science knowledge for data preprocessing, geographical mapping and visualization to interpret the collected data. While our overall goal is to simplify this process for a wide range of animal trackers, this paper specifically focuses on the lessons that we learned in the process of developing tools for biologists.


Column generation refers to linear programming (LP) algorithms designed to solve problems in which there are a huge number of variables compared to the number of constraints and the simplex algorithm step of determining whether the current basic solution is optimal or finding a variable to enter the basis is done by solving an optimization problem rather than by enumeration. To the best of my knowledge, the idea of using column generation to solve linear programs was first proposed by Ford and Fulkerson [16]. However, I couldn't find the term column generation in that paper or the subsequent two seminal papers by Dantzig and Wolfe [8] and Gilmore and Gomory [17,18]. The first use of the term that I could find was in [3], a paper with the title "A column generation algorithm for a ship scheduling problem". Ford and Fulkerson [16] gave a formulation for a multicommodity maximum flow problem in which the variables represented path flows for each commodity. The commodities represent distinct origin-destination pairs and integrality of the flows is not required. This formulation needs a number of variables exponential in the size of the underlying network since the number of paths in a graph is exponential in the size of the network. What motivated them to propose this formulation? A more natural and smaller formulation in terms of the number of constraints plus the numbers of variables is easily obtained by using arc variables rather than path variables. Ford and Fulkerson observed that even with an exponential number of variables in the path formulation, the minimum reduced cost for each commodity could be calculated by solving a shortest path problem, which was already known to be an easy problem. Moreover the number of constraints in the path formulation is the number of arcs, while in the arc formulation it is roughly the (number of nodes)x(number of commodities) + number of arcs. Therefore the size of the basis in the path formulation is independent of the number of commodities and is significantly


Buildings are among the largest consumers of electricity in the US. A significant portion of this energy use in buildings can be attributed to HVAC systems used to maintain comfort for occupants. In most cases these building HVAC systems run on fixed schedules and do not employ any fine grained control based on detailed occupancy information. In this paper we present the design and implementation of a presence sensor platform that can be used for accurate occupancy detection at the level of individual offices. Our presence sensor is low-cost, wireless, and incrementally deployable within existing buildings. Using a pilot deployment of our system across ten offices over a two week period we identify significant opportunities for energy savings due to periods of vacancy. Our energy measurements show that our presence node has an estimated battery lifetime of over five years, while detecting occupancy accurately. Furthermore, using a building simulation framework and the occupancy information from our testbed, we show potential energy savings from 10% to 15% using our system.


Objective To compare the performance of 6 available prognostic staging systems in predicting the survival of patients with primary liver cancer treated with TACE.Methods The clinical data of patients who had been diagnosed as liver cancer in our department from September 2006 to May 2009 were retrospectively analyzed to compare the CTP classification,the MELD scoring,the BCLC classification system,the CS staging system and the Tokyo scoring.Results The survival curves and log-rank test shows statistical significance in all stages of the Okuda staging system(Ⅰvs Ⅱ P=0.013,Ⅱvs Ⅲ P0.001),between stage B and C of the BCLC classification system(P=0.008) and between stage II and III of the CS staging system(P=0.001).By the multiple factor regression method,the Okuda staging system(P=0.039) and the BCLC classification(P=0.022) also show a stronger significance on the prognosis.And the BCLC classification system is superior to the other staging systems with the minimum value of-2Ln(L)(205.419),AIC(209.419),SBC(212.586).Conclusion The BCLC classification system provides the best prognostic stratification for a cohort of the patients with liver cancer treated with transarterial chemoembolization.


Founding and strengthening a agricultural inˉformation system is an important and urgent task.It is necesˉsary to build agricultural information system even more in the west of China.The paper gives some advice on how to solve the problem of"the last kilometer of agricultural information transˉmission".


Thermal catalytic converting CO2 to produce high-value gasoline is a promising and sustainable way to deal with greenhouse gases and alleviate the energy crisis and environment problem. Although significant efforts...


Abstract Legal judgment, I argue, entails moral judgment; legal obligations, correctly identified, are genuine moral obligations. Dworkin's legal theory is instructive, but problematic: his account of integrity fails to provide a convincing reconciliation of practice and principle. We can, however, defend a superior account in which the moral ideals that we invoke to justify legal practice – affirming its legitimacy under certain conditions – retain their force throughout our judgments about its specific demands in particular cases. Common law reasoning exemplifies that approach, reflecting the interdependence of practice and principle. It is an internal, interpretative inquiry, drawing on the moral resources of our own tradition, treated as an influential guide to the requirements of justice. The law is constituted, accordingly, neither by its socially authoritative sources, whatever their merits, nor by the moral effects of our legal practice. It is rather the scheme of justice we construct in our continuing efforts to bring our practice closer to the ideals that inspire and redeem it.


AT the beginning of this century we find that there was a lively movement on foot to insist on the application of mathematics to actual problems occurring in daily life—a reaction from that purely formal mathematical teaching which for half a century had treated the subject-matter as of secondary importance so long as the logical training was achieved. This reaction became apparent amongst schoolmasters, especially in the meetings of the Forderungsverein, and it was even asserted by the extremists that Mathematics was nothing more than the handmaid of Science.


This study aimed to analyse the structural relationships among family resilience, experience of child abuse prevention education, and awareness of abuse behaviors. Data were collected from 389 school parents residing A metropolitan area. The results of this study are as follows : 1) the variable of the family resilience and the experience of child abuse prevention education among school parents had positive statistic association with the awareness of abuse behaviors. 2) the experience of child abuse prevention education was found to mediate between the family resilience and the awareness of abuse behaviors. Based on these study results, several suggestions were made to improve the awareness of school parents' abuse behaviors in terms of the enhancement of their family resilience and service delivery system for child abuse prevention.


The propagation of electromagnetic waves along an axial wire in an underground tunnel is analyzed from a perturbation theory point of view. The formulation is compared with that of J. R. Wait in which he solves an exact mode equation approximately, and a modified tunnel wall admittance is thus identified. Attenuation computed on the basis of the approximate formulation is compared with exact results of Wait and Hill.


The collaboration between Eindhoven University of Technology and Dutch Distribution System Operator, Enexis, results in a direct implementation of scientific ideas and models in real world systems and faster feedback of data for analysis or validation. This is illustrated by the Smart Storage Unit: A grid connected battery in a residential area of 240 houses including photovoltaic generation and heat pumps, controlled by an artificial neural network based forecaster.


Abstract An explicit multirate piecewise constant sampled state feedback (MPCSSF) control for linear periodic continuous-time systems is presented, which is based on a revised generalized reachability gramian first introduced by Al-Rahmani and Franklin. Using MPCSSF control, the LQR optimal problem for linear periodic systems is reduced to the LQR optimal problem for discrete-time linear periodic systems. It is shown that there is a unique optimal solution, which calls for solving a difference periodic Riccati equation, iff the assumptions of controllability (stabilizability) and observability (detectability) on the original system hold. The MPCSSF control can be viewed as an extension of Al-Rahmani and Franklin's method to the case of multirate state sampling.


Abstract This report deals with the distribution, general characteristics and conditions of formation of the Triassic sediments in the U.S.S.R. The problems connected with the establishment of the Permian-Triassic boundary, the stratigraphical scheme of the Triassic System in the U.S.S.R., and the correlation of deposits of this age are discussed. Tasks of further research on the Triassic are outlined in connection with the problems of the Triassic systemic boundaries and of its stage and zonal subdivision.


AIM: The metabolites of scutellarin were studied in gastrointestinal tract.METHODS: Scutellarin was hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid and β-glucuronidase.Human intestinal flora and scutellarin were incubated in vitro.The metabolites were identified by UPLC-MS/MS method.RESULTS: Scutellarin could be hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid and β-glucuronidase,and could be metabolized by human intestinal bacteria.A main metabolite,scutellarein,also was found in the plasma of healthy volunteers after oral administration.CONCLUSION: There were scutellarin and scutellarein in intestinal before absorption.It was suitable for scutellarin pharmacokinetic studies to determine scutellarein or total aglycone.


This paper presents the application of controller hardware-in-the-loop (C-HIL) for real-time study of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm in solar photovoltaic (PV) system. The testing platform in this study which consist of three series connected PV modules together with a DC/DC boost converter were modelled and implemented using Tyhoon HIL-402. For the MPPT controller, a conventional perturb and observe (P&O) and a well-established particle swarm optimization (PSO) based MPPT algorithm are developed and implemented in a digital signal processor. The performance of both algorithms were examined under real-time working condition with 10 different partial shaded test cases. From the study, the P&O shows a faster convergence speed which it can track for maximum power point rapidly up to 0.5070 s compared to the fastest tracking of PSO at 1.3598 s. However, PSO shows a greater capability in tracking for true maximum power point under partial shaded conditions with average output efficiency up to 99.92% compared to P&O which is only 76.76%.


The waste solids settling and dewatering characteristics of an A/B process pilot study were evaluated using standardized characterization methods, like sludge volume index and zone settling velocity, and recently developed characterization methods that measure settleability and dewaterability. The test results indicated that the A/B process had similar settling, thickening, and dewatering characteristics when compared to four full-scale water resource recovery facilities. Sludge volume index values of 85 ± 26 mL g-1 over an 18-month operating period were obtained in the pilot A-stage. The centrifuge cake solids obtained from undigested A/B pilot waste activated sludge dewatered to an average value of 25.7% dry solids with a range of 23.2-28.0%. Settling, thickening, and dewatering performance of the undigested A/B waste sludge indicated that the A/B process is a viable process from a solids handling standpoint with similar characteristics to full-scale single-sludge activated sludge processes.


Periodic nanostructures formation on Titanium dioxide (TiO2) film by scanning of femtosecond laser beam spot is reported. Cell attachment could be controlled by periodic nanostructures formation on the film. Then, biocompatibility of the film could be improved. The film was formed on Ti plate by aerosol beam irradiation. Periodic nanostructures, lying perpendicular to the laser electric field polarization vector, were formed on large areas of the film by femtosecond laser irradiation for scanning speed of 1mm/sec at laser fluence of 0.35 J/cm2. The period of periodic nanostructures on the film was about 200 nm. The period of periodic nanostructures on the film was much shorter than the period on Ti plate. By cell test, cells were attached to periodic nanostructures of the film. Then, cells were formed periodically on the film.Periodic nanostructures formation on Titanium dioxide (TiO2) film by scanning of femtosecond laser beam spot is reported. Cell attachment could be controlled by periodic nanostructures formation on the film. Then, biocompatibility of the film could be improved. The film was formed on Ti plate by aerosol beam irradiation. Periodic nanostructures, lying perpendicular to the laser electric field polarization vector, were formed on large areas of the film by femtosecond laser irradiation for scanning speed of 1mm/sec at laser fluence of 0.35 J/cm2. The period of periodic nanostructures on the film was about 200 nm. The period of periodic nanostructures on the film was much shorter than the period on Ti plate. By cell test, cells were attached to periodic nanostructures of the film. Then, cells were formed periodically on the film.


Objective
To investigate the feasibility of treating children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) by using insulin pump.

Method
Twelve children with DKA were divided to two groups with 6 cases in each: control group and insulin pump treated group (IP group) . Children in the 2 groups were matched in age and blood glucose levels on admission. Children in both groups were treated with regular insulin at a dose range of 0.05 ~ 0.10 IU/ (kg·h) which was administered via low dose intravenous infusion in the control group and by insulin pump in the IP group. The response rates of the 2 groups were compared.

Results
(1) The level of blood glucose in IP group decreased from (23 ± 11) mmol/L of pre-treatment level to (11 ± 5) mmol/L 3 hours after treatment (t = 3.47, P < 0.05) . The average blood glucose level of the control group decreased from (23 ± 6) mmol/L of pre-treatment level to (11 ± 4) mmol/L 3 hours after treatment (t = 4.30, P < 0.05) . The average value of decreased blood glucose in 2 groups was not significantly different. (2) The level of D-3-hydroxybutyrate decreased to normal [0.03~0.30 mmol/L] from 0.40~6.38 mmol/L for (2.0 ± 0.9) days [1 ~ 3 days] in IP group and from 1.33 ~ 6.50 mmol/L for (6.3 ± 1.8) days [3 ~ 8 days] in the control group after treatment. The recovering time of D-3-hydroxybutyrate in the 2 groups was significantly different (t = 5.45, P < 0.05) . (3) It took (6±3) hours [3 ~12 hours] in IP group and (128 ± 45) houre [72 ~192 hours] in the control group to reverse ketoacidosis, which were significantly different (t = 6.65, P < 0.05) in paired t-test.

Conclusion
Use of insulin pump showed more satisfactory effects than intravenous insulin infusion therapy in children with DKA.

Key words:
Insulin; Infusion pumps; Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent; Diabetic ketoacidosis; 3-hydroxybutyric acid


Objective To assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of gatifloxacin gel to bacterial conjunctivitis. Methods Double-blind and random selection were designed for the study,with levofloxacin gel as the control medicine.Thirty-six eyes of the experimental group and 36 of the control group were eligible for evaluation.Each eye received the gel one drop a time and three times per day.The gels were applied to the conjunctiva sac for 7 d. Results The clinic effectiveness of experimental group and control group were 88.89% and 91.67%,which indicated no significant difference.Microbial eradication rates were 90.48% and 93.75%,no significant difference either.Safety composite scores were similar between groups. Conclusion Gatifloxacin ophthalmic gel is safe and effective for treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis,and contains certain clinical value.


The complex [Re{HB(pz)3}(CO)3][HB(pz)3= hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borate] has been prepared. Ultraviolet irradiation of its tetrahydrofuran (thf) solution gave [Re{HB(pz)3}(CO)2(thf)], which allowed the synthesis of a series of substitution derivatives [Re{HB(pz)3}(CO)2L], with L = MeCN, C6H11NC, C5H5N, PMe2Ph, or PPh3. The reaction with 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino) propane gave two species: one belongs to the previous family (diphosphine acting as a monodentate ligand), while the other is a dinuclear species, with the diphosphine bridging two Re[HB(pz)3](CO)2 units. The derivatives with L = thf and PPh3 have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray analyses: L = thf, monoclinic, space group P21/n, a= 10.275(2), b= 12.457(3), c= 14.836(3)A, β= 102.85(1)°, Z= 4, and R= 0.016; L = PPh3, monoclinic, space group C2/c, a= 31.122(5), b= 9.721 (2), c= 18.797(4), β= 93.62(1 )°, Z= 8, and R= 0.027. The central ReI is octahedrally co-ordinated by a [HB(pz)3]– tridentate ligand (av, Re–N 2.157 and 2.190 A respectively), two carbonyl ligands (av. Re–C 1.872 and 1.878 A), and a thf or a PPh3 ligand [Re–O 2.172(2), Re–P 2.387(2)A].


Our project approaches shareable mobile interfaces for learning from an unusual perspective. Rather than supporting goals that arise from tradit ional classroom and curriculum, our goals devolve from a post-modern perspective on challenges and op portunities that arise for contemporary students in  technology-rich environments. Our primary pedagogic al goal is for students to engage with one another around their reflections regarding place and their identification and experience of particular places. To support this process, we have designed a mobile, mu lti-user, GPS-supported software system for sharing ideas, personal reflections and reactions n situ. By enabling co-located students to contrast their own reflective notes with those of others in a light-weight manner, within distinct physical contexts, we promote increasing depth in (a) their individual and shared experiences of places, (b) th eir thoughts about the nature of place in general and ( c) their individual and group writing about particu lar places. Our intent is that they approach these ends by using the software to ultimately construct join t, non-linear, multi-layered narratives of place. Thus , sharing becomes a means of provoking reflection and insight during the activity.


The packages described here are designed to perform efficient high-accuracy calculations in cases where there can be serious loss of significance due to rounding errors. Numbers are represented by a value part with a variable number of digits in the mantissa and an error estimate which is updated throughout the calculation and which gives a range of possible values for the result of the calculation. For economy and speed, intermediate results are truncated so that the least-significant digits correspond to values only a few orders of magnitude smaller than the error estimate. Type definitions and the standard arithmetic operations, together with conversions to and from integers, are provided in one package. The mathematical constants π and Euler's gamma are incorporated to a maximum precision of 320 digits in a package that also contains all of the standard elementary functions. Separate packages contain input and output procedures and conversion to and from floating-point types.


A method for holding a plate-shaped element a suction cup element, in particular can be used for glass plate working machines and the like, the suction cup device comprises a suction cup body (2), the suction cup body is provided with a suction cup at (3) and a suction cup (4) a, which defines a suction duct connected to a lower (10) and an upper suction duct (11) in the region for connection to a vacuum source. Is further provided with a control means (20) controlling said lower intake duct (10) is used to suction cup element (1) against the machining surface (15) disengage by the lower suction cup (3 ) connection defined area.


With WinCati from Sawtooth Technologies businesses can conduct rigorous, effective research using study specifications that can be set up quickly and easily.


V1tronect1n/S-Prote1n (VN/SP) is a glycoprotein present at a concentration of 200-400 ug/ml 1n plasma and serum. It has been shown to promote cel 1-substratum adhesion and to act as an Inhibitor of the membrane attack complex of complement and of the inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin III in the presence of low levels of heparin. We have previously shown that VN/SP binds more avidly to heparln-agarose and to a monoclonal antibody (MaVN/SP)-Sepharose column when present 1n serum rather than 1n plasma. In order to examine the possibility of a serum-induced conformational change, we utilized, 1n this study, an Indirect enzyme-linked Immunosorbent system to test for the exposure of new antigenic determinants. When MaVN/SP was Incubated with plasma or serum, recognition of VN/SP 1n serum was approximately 50 fold greater than recognition of VN/SP in plasma. Since VN/SP has been shown to Interact strongly with the thromb1n-ant1thrombin complex, we examined the antigenicity of VN/SP when Incubated with thrombin and antithrombin 1n the presence and absence of heparin. Incubation of VN/SP with heparin promoted a 2.5-fold Increase 1n recognition by MaVN/SP. When MaVN/SP was Incubated with thromb1n-ant1thrombin but not thrombin or antithrombin alone, recognition was Increased by 7-fold 1n the absence of heparin and by 32-fold 1n the presence of heparin. This differential recognition of VN/SP was not observed with a second monoclonal antibody raised originally against S-Prote1n. Treatment of VN/SP with various glycosaminoglycans and polysaccharides demonstrated the following relative potencies for Induction of the partial antigenic change: dextran sulfate>fucoidan>heparin> dermatan suIfate>hyaluronic acid. No effect was detected upon Incubation of VN/SP with keratan sulfate, heparan sulfate or chondroltln sulfate. These data suggest a conformational change Induced by thrombin-antlthrombin which may allow VN/SP to Interact more avidly with other molecules such as heparin. The physiological role of this putative conformational change is under investigation.


The relative motion of the transmitter and receiver or a clock rate mismatch lead to the introduction of a Doppler (or offset) term in a first order non-coherent code tracking loop equation (in DS-SPSP systems). The combined effect of both noise (jamming) and the Doppler shift on the mean time to loss of lock is analyzed for two types of loops, the delay locked loop (DLL) and taudither loop (TDL). The effect of an AGC circuit in front of the DLL is also discussed. We derive an explicit expression for the mean time to loss of lock (MTLL) which includes dependence on the Doppler shift. We present, among others, a graph of the MTLL vs. timing error variance for different values of the Dopler shift and a graph of the SNR vs. Doppler shift at constant MTLL. The effect of the Doppler shift is shown to be important and should not be ignored for high processing gain systems. It is shown that a TDL is more sensitive to the Doppler shift than a DLL. It is also found that an AGC circuit can amplify the Doppler term and cause loss of lock at higher SNR. The calculations are based on a singular perturbation method and can be readily extended to higher order loops.


This paper proposes a novel protocol, called ABACKRES, to recover disrupted VPs via so-called backup VPs in the event of failures in meshed ATM layer networks. A performance comparison with a representative protocol published in literature reveals that although ABACKRES is as simple, it is faster and achieves a substantial higher grade of network survivability. In addition, a centralised heuristic, called POSTRES, is presented to administer backup VPs during post-recovery phases and at repair events.


By THotAs SKINNER, M.D., Liverpool. [Read in Abstract, June 8th, 1859.j I AMl well aware that the treatment of sinus by the injection of iodine is no new discovery; yet I fear that, from want of supporters, or from some equally efficient cause, the practice has not obtained that universality of adoption it so well deserves. History. In 1830, M. Lugol, physician of the Hopital Saint-Louis, was the first, I believe, who introduced the practice of injections of iodine for the cure of various affections, as scroftilous abscess, sinuses connected with disease of the hip and other joints, and caries of the bones. (Memoire sur l'Emploi (le l'Tode, 1830-1831.) Dr. Clay of Manchester, our well known pioneer in ovariotomy, was also the pioneer of the


Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea occurs due to communication between the intracranial subarachnoid space and the sinonasal mucosa. It could be due to trauma, raised intracranial pressure (ICP), tumors, erosive diseases, and congenital skull defects. Some leaks could be spontaneous without any specific etiology. The potential leak sites include the cribriform plate, ethmoid, sphenoid, and frontal sinus. The primary spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF leak) at the clival region, occurring in the absence of recent trauma condition and not related to prior surgery, is a rare condition. The most common complication related to CSF leak is acute meningitis, a condition that can be life threatening. The exact location of the CSF fistulae is often difficult to detect and various diagnostic procedures are used. Once the diagnosis and location of leakage is established, surgical intervention is needed to seal the fistulae. Case description: we present the case of a 57-year-old female who was admitted to the neurology departement with acute meningitis. After antibiotic treatment was administered, she did not respond to the therapy and a control CT brain scan was made that showed pneumoencephalon with suspicious clival defect. Through nasal endoscopy no definite sign of CSF leakage was observed, so intrathecal fluorescein was administered before surgery to identify the site of CSF leakage. She was surgically treated and the repair was perfomed endoscopically through transnasal approach. Review of the literature description: we examined the available literature gathered through PubMed internet service on the topic of CSF rhinorrhea of the clival region in particular, and regarding the diagnostic procedures and treatment. Different diagnostic approaches are shown depending on the possible cause of CSF leak. The majority of patients presented through case reports were surgically treated and the surgical endoscopic approach is a treatment of choice in most cases reviewed in literature.


In the current trend of technologic products is light, small and high-speed, so electronic products widely applied in high frequency. Due to high frequency, the parasitic effects and more noise are generated. To solve this problem, we used to add the band-pass filters behind the signal line to enhance signal integrity (SI) and reduce noise. But this method required to increase size of the circuit.


At the 2012 Computers in Libraries conference I was fortunate to attend a presentation by Amanda Etches where she outlined, in concise but comprehensive form, many methods of user research. The presentation struck me as something every librarian, no matter what department they work in, should be aware of. Sure, we've heard of usability testing, we've conducted a few surveys, but what do we really know of numerous methodologies for collecting data directly from the people who matter most? I hope that this column will enlighten readers as it surveys the field and offers specific examples of how libraries benefit from user research.
 —Editor


A 28 year-old man, while on aversion therapy for alcohol abuse with disulfiram, consumed an alcoholic beverage and developed a sudden onset of difficulty in speaking. Neurologically, he demonstrated global aphasia and right homonymous hemianopia. Right hemiparesis was conspicuously absent. He had transient atrial fibrillation, but no structural cardiac lesions or other vascular/thrombophilic risk factors. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [Figure 1A] demonstrated recent infarction involving the perisylvian language areas with haemorrhagic transformation in the basal ganglia [Figure 1B] in the distribution of the left middle cerebral artery. The ischaemic infarction spared the motor cortex [Figure 1C], the adjacent subcortical area and the posterior limb of the internal capsule. A magnetic resonance angiogram of the cerebral arteries [Figure 1D] did not reveal any major vessel occlusion. In view of the large infarct and mild haemorrhagic transformation, he was treated with low dose aspirin only. Subsequent cardiac monitoring did not disclose any persistent atrial fibrillation or other arrhythmia. At follow-up, he made a good recovery with significant improvement in auditory comprehension and verbal expression.

Figures 1A to D:

Brain magnetic resonance imaging (T2 weighted image) [1A and C] and susceptibility weighted image [B] demonstrating recent ischaemic infarction (bright signal) with sparing of motor cortex [C] in the left fronto-parieto-temporal region along with haemorrhagic ...

Hemiparesis typically accompanies global aphasia. There are only rare cases of global aphasia without hemiparesis and the language outcome is quite variable at follow-up.1–3 In our patient, the lesion distribution in the perisylvian language areas with sparing of the motor cortex and posterior limb of internal capsule accounted for this unusual syndrome of global aphasia without hemiparesis. The most common aetiology of the syndrome is embolic infarction.1–3 Disulfiram-alcohol interaction has been associated with cardiac events.4,5 In our patient, this interaction resulted in transient cardiac arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation) and subsequent embolic infarction. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first report of stroke in the unusual setting of disulfiram-alcohol interaction. Caution should be exercised while prescribing drugs that would elicit disulfiram-like reaction in subjects who lack strong motivation for alcohol de-addiction.


The utility model discloses a verticality regulating device for steel pile columns, comprising a verticality monitoring system and a verticality regulating system, which is characterized in that: the verticality regulating system comprises a base, a supporter, an automatic regulating device and a plurality of auxiliary verticality regulating devices; the base is fixedly arranged around the pile position; the supporter is fixedly arranged on the base; the automatic regulating device, which is four directional, is arranged on the supporter, the upper end of the auxiliary regulating device is fixedly connected with the base; the lower end of the auxiliary regulating device is inserted into the foundation pit of the pile position and fixedly connected with the lower end of the steel pile column. The utility model has the advantages that: all the verticality regulating operation can be completed above the ground surface by adopting the regulating device for verticality of a steel pile column; the confined height of the steel pile column is effectively increased; the steel pile column is effectively controlled during the installation and construction process; the operation is simple, the difficulties in prior art are well solved, and a reliable technical guarantee is provided for a top-down construction method.


In this paper, we study the existence of weak solutions for the initial-boundary value problems of the nonlinear degenerated parabolic equa- tion


The paper introduces some problems of shipborne satellite navigation receiver's test and evaluation on the sea.Summarized the experience of test and evaluation of radio positioning system and DGPS shipborne receiver,some pieces of advice were given for reference.


In two small rivers in the area of Trier weekly samples of surface associated microbial coatings (biofilms) were collected on a artificial substrate in order to investigate the biosorption of hydrophobic pollutants. Parallel samples of the sediment were taken additionally. Concentrations of nutrients (Ca, Mg, K), selected heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and for microbial characterisation proteins, carbohydrates and uronic acids were analysed. The sorption properties of the biofilms were investigated by analysing the temporal variations of the concentrations of these compounds and by the comparison of the concentrations in biofilm- and sediment samples. The results show high concentrations of most of the analysed pollutants in the biofilms during longer periods in the summer, but also high short time variations of the concentrations. Sorption and desorption processes appear to be of a very dynamic nature. They are influenced by the amount of pollutants present in the river and by the changing composition of the biofilm. The sorption on the biofilms was different for the investigated compounds. A comparison of biofilm and sediment samples leads to the conclusion, that at least during low flood periods in the summer biosorption processes play a very important role for the accumulation of pollutants in the river sediment. The composition ofthe biofilm samples collected at the two sampling stations and the amount of sorbed pollutants were different because of the geological properties of the catchments and the different human impact on the two rivers.