types are identical, then the calculations simply reproduce the Mendelian risk of 50% for transmissfon of a single thalassaemic allele. A few comments should be made regarding our application of the Bayesian method. First, the parents in the families reported by Wainscoat et al may not reflect a cross section of Milan, the catchment area under study. Some of the parents had diverse origins outside of Milan, and the families appear not to have been randomly chosen from all those at risk for a second child with fl thalassaemia. Second, the reported data are probably not extensive enough to produce statistics usable for diagnoses. Standard errors of the calculated risks are apt to be large. This can be remedied by increasing the sample size. And third, the gene frequency for fl thalassaemia varies widely from one geographic area to another, and the frequencies with which speciclc haplotypes are associated with thalassaemia also show geographic clustering (Orkin et al, 1982). The exact figures to be used in the calculations should therefore take into account the geographic origins of the parents. To improve the calculations, one needs large compilations of haplotype frequencies among various control populations as well as among thalassaemic individuals. Because of the interest in fl globin cluster haplotypes and prenatal diagnosis of thalassaemia, statistically reliable h a p lotype frequencies should become available if each centre records and periodically analyses its cumulative data. Such data can then be used to construct tables that will be of practical value for risk assessment and prenatal diagnosis following heterozygote screening. The approach will also be useful for assessment of risks to other classes of relatives of index cases, e.g. the offspring of an aunt or uncle of an index case. Currently, the calculations based on Bayes' theorem quantitate the strengths of DNA haplotype associations in fl thalassaemia, indicating which DNA haplotypes are likely to be informative and which not for prenatal detection. Analysis of more extensive haplotype data will hopefully allow these Bayesian methods to be increasingly useful in the diagnostic setting.


Objective:To investigate the relationship between expression of lung resistance-related protein( LRP) gene in non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) biopsies and its sensitivity to vinorelbine (NVB) combined with cisplatin(DDP).Methods:The real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot methods were administered to detect the amplification and expression level of mRNA of LRP gene,42 NCSCL patients accepted chemotherapy of NP regimen and the responses were recorded.Results:Forty-two patients were treated with 2 to 4 cycles NP regimen.There were significant difference of the expression level of mRNA of LRP gene between carcinoma tissues and lung tissues(P0.05);18 patients showed responses to the chemotherapy with partial response(PR) rate and stead disease(SD),the expression level of mRNA of LRP gene were significantly lower than patients with progressive disease(PD);the expression level of mRNA of LRP gene between patients with PR was lower than of patients with SD,but the difference was no significant(P0.05).Conclusion:The expression level of the LRP gene in NSCLC had relationship with the sensitivity of cytotoxic drugs.Patients with high level of LRP gene expression would have poor response to chemotherapy.


Identification of research competence is the basis of reasonable planning of undergraduates.On the basis of the view of scientific process,this paper argues that the research abilities of tourism majors mainly include observation,literature retrieval,research planning,surveying,analyzing and theoretical description.


In reviewing the roentgenograms of 70 patients with moderate and severe cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD), it was evident that there were many extracardiac abnormalities that may be associated with the basic heart defects. For the most part, these changes were due to the secondary polycythemia provoked by the hypoxemia and were reflected primarily in the skeletal system. In the bones these changes so closely resemble those of hemolytic anemias as to be, in many cases, indistinguishable.Speculation is raised about an increased incidence of sternal ossification center fusion, retarded bone age, gallstones, renal parenchymal hypertrophy and splenomegaly in cyanotic congenital heart disease.


This paper investigates an uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based mobile-edge computing (MEC) network. Our objective is to minimize a linear combination of the completion time of all users' tasks and the total energy consumption of all users including transmission energy and local computation energy subject to computation latency, uploading data rate, time sharing and edge cloud capacity constraints. This work can significantly improve the energy efficiency and end-to-end delay of the applications in future wireless networks. For the general minimization problem, it is first transformed into an equivalent form. Then, an iterative algorithm is accordingly proposed, where closed-form solution is obtained in each step. For the special case with only minimizing the completion time, we propose a bisection-based algorithm to obtain the optimal solution. Also for the special case with infinite cloud capacity, we show that the original minimization problem can be transformed into an equivalent convex one. Numerical results show the superiority of the proposed algorithms compared with conventional algorithms in terms of completion time and energy consumption.


Practices received have proved that working-learning combination and college-enterprise cooperation are talents training modes with Chinese characteristics,as well as the vital creation for system reform of higher vocational education.In order to realize this purpose,we must furtherly upgrade our ideas and conceptions.Seeking support by servicing and promoting cooperation by contributing,we can pave the way for training highly-skilled talents by positively building cooperation platform.


Faced with some failed orientations and an increase in turnover, the Burn unit decided to change our orientation plan. There were 4 RNs who left or failed orientation in a period of a few months. The help of our practice council and feedback from preceptors was enlisted. In addition, the ABA Nursing Competencies were incorporated to revamp the orientation program. Most RNs onboarding to burn are not critical care RNs upon hire and therefore required an improved pathway to orient them to the burn care as well as critical care management.

 Typical orientation started in the ICU. However, feedback following our traditional path led to specific changes based on the need to emphasize a sense of community as well as integrate specific time management skills particular to burn care. Orienting burn nurses now spend 12 shifts in the burn unit, 24–30 in the ICU, and then another 12–18 in the Burn unit. In addition, the staff taught Burn Care Principles course was restructured by practice council members and educators to focus on a case study-based learning style to emphasize important aspects of burn care. An in-situ simulation component to the Burn Care principles course was added to further solidify their learning. The competency tools used in orientation were changed to incorporate the American Burn Association Nurse competencies.

 Turnover was decreased from 33% (2017–2018) to 7.7% (2019). Preceptors and new RNs state they felt much more competent to begin their journey as a burn RNs the potential cost savings related to decreasing turnover would be well over $75,000.

 The interventions made were staff driven by the orientees and preceptors, the practice council, and staff on the unit. the change in orientation allowed for less extensions and more successes. Burn RNs were more confident and less overwhelmed during their orientation. The team morale improved with their involvement with the process which was an added win.

 This process needs to be followed so be able to ascertain if there will be lasting effects to retention.


This study investigated the relationships of acid-reaction, softening, and bacterial invasion in carious dentin. Softened carious dentin took up methyl red but not lackmoid. The use of methyl red as pH indicator to show acid-reaction in dentin was questioned. Destructive changes before softening were demonstrated with ninhydrin; these changes preceded bacterial invasion.


Statistic estimation of experimental determination reliability for the distribution coefficient, K, (crystal-melt equilibrium) has been made on the basis of independent measurement comparison. Reliability of these data is shown to be low. Frequency K histograms have been constructed both for simple element set and halogenides. Histogram maximum shift to lg K < 0 has been obtained.

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Purpose – This study aims to explore how students conceptualize the research process, describing in their own words the strategies they used, as well as the successes and challenges they encountered. Areas of review include: thesis definition; search strategies; quality, variety and depth of resources; and source evaluation and citation. Design/methodology/approach – The study analyzes 76 essays written by undergraduate and graduate students, describing their research process. Quotations from the students' essays have been incorporated into the study results to provide a unique perspective from the researchers' own reflections on the processes and techniques they used to complete their research papers. Findings – Many students encountered difficulties when writing a rigorous research paper, even though they had previously completed research assignments for other classes. There was a clear indication that instruction and support from librarians continues to be valuable, even for experienced students. Pract...


Abstract Tolerance of eight azalea cultivars and three liriope cultivars to two broadcast applications of Basagran at 1.1 and 2.2 kg/ha (1.0 and 2.0 lb/A) was determined in container studies. No injury was observed on azalea cultivars 'Rosebud', 'Tradition', 'Delaware Valley White' or 'Elsie Lee' 40 days after the second application of Basagran at 2.2 kg ai/ha (2.0 lb/A) plus crop oil. This treatment injured 'Hershey's Red' and 'Girard's Rose', but two applications of Basagran at 2.2 kg/ha applied alone or at 1.1 kg/ha (1.0 lb/A) with or without crop oil did not injure these two varieties. Slight injury (16%) was observed on 'Corsage' 20 days after the second application of Basagran at 1.1 kg/ha (1.0 lb/A), although no injury was seen with other treatments. Greater injury (22 to 35%) occurred to 'Pleasant White' 20 days after treatment when Basagran was applied twice at 1.1 or 2.2 kg/ha (1.0 or 2.0 lb/A) with or without crop oil. Injury to all azalea cultivars decreased with time, with no injury apparent ...


Abstract The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has been operational since March 2009 and has been transitioning to a user facility supporting ignition science, high energy density stockpile science, national security applications, and fundamental science. The facility has achieved its design goal of 1.8 MJ and 500 TW of 3ω light on target, and has performed target experiments with 1.9 MJ at peak powers of 410 TW. The National Ignition Campaign (NIC), established by the U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration in 2005, was responsible for transitioning NIF from a construction project to a national user facility. Besides the operation and optimization of the use of the NIF laser, the NIC program was responsible for developing capabilities including target fabrication facilities; cryogenic layering capabilities; over 60 optical, X-ray, and nuclear diagnostic systems; experimental platforms; and a wide range of other NIF facility infrastructure. This paper provides a summary of some of the key experimental results for NIF to date, an overview of the NIF facility capabilities, and the challenges that were met in achieving these capabilities. They are covered in more detail in the papers that follow.


 Abstract—In this research, we suggested a SSQM (Standard Service Quality Management) program, and by using the SSQM program, we conducted service training for all the staffs. And then, we evaluated the decent appearance and positive service attitude of employees as part of service quality management based on a suggested assessment checklist format. It was the first time that the assessment was introduced to staffs of either overseas airport service department of Asiana Airlines or its outsourcing companies. This study revealed significant results that the staffs of Manila station displayed obvious improvements in both appearance and attitude. In this paper, we aim to show the practical SSQM Program for service quality improvement executed in real airlines and its effectiveness assessed by their employees.


Two seismic refraction profiles were established in northwestern Utah. The first, which extended along the area lying east of the Pilot Range, was about 55 km in total length and extended south from about 10 km southeast of Lucin, Utah, to about 13 km north of Wendover, Utah. The second, which extended north into the area west of the Grouse Creek Range, was about 95 km in total length and extended north from a point about 15 km north of Wendover to the vicinity of the town of Grouse Creek, Utah. The two profiles were reversed for about 47 km of the distance. Commercial seismic prospecting equipment, modified to pass frequencies between about 3 and 50 cps, was used.

Results of this study showed that materials having velocities of about 2.0, 5.5, 6.2, and 7.4(?) km/sec exist at depths of about 0, 0.8, 4, and 24 km, respectively. The apparent dips of the 5.5- and 6.2-km/sec horizons were about ¼°N and 2½°N, respectively. Reflections from the horizon at an approximate depth of 24 km were identified on seismograms taken at five of the recording locations. A second reflection, which could result from a reflecting horizon at a depth of about 27 km, was identified on four of the five seismograms.


This essay explores the presence of William Blake's contraries in David Almond's novel, Skellig, bringing Blake scholarship in parallel with Almond's writing. Based on that exploration, it describes the degree to which Almond has altered and responded to Blake's ideas.


PurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify existing users' acceptance of the multidimensional health and fitness features of wrist-worn wearable devices (WWDs) required for each stage of physical activity (i.e. before, during and after) and examine the relationship between its acceptance (i.e. knowledge acquisition, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use) and the actual use of its health and fitness attributes.Design/methodology/approachBoth qualitative and quantitative approaches were taken to analyze the relationships. A focus group interview was conducted (N = 9) to design the research model, including the operationalized definition of the study constructs. A questionnaire survey was conducted with respondents in South Korea (N = 480). Partial least squares structural equation modeling via Smart PLS 3.0 was employed to test the hypotheses.FindingsWhen users learned to use fitness functions and perceived them as useful for physical activity without causing any difficulty, they tended to use those functions more, which provided enhanced health benefits in the digitalized interactive environment of WWDs.Originality/valueThis research is one of the first to examine the relationship between the perceived user value of WWDs and their actual usage within a digitalized and interactive environment. The results are expected to offer theoretical insights into how well users accept the health and fitness components of WWDs. Practically, it will build awareness of what makes users adopt and use WWDs, helping practitioners design better health promotions and campaigns associated with WWDs.


Parallel programming can sometimes be a tedious task when dealing with problems like race conditions and synchronization. Functional programming can greatly reduce the complexity of parallelization ...


Researchers working on distributional semantics have recently taken up the challenge of going beyond lexical meaning and tackle the issue of compositionality. Several Compositional Distributional Semantics Models (CDSMs) have been developed and promising results have been obtained in evaluations carried out against data sets of small phrases and as well as data sets of sentences. However, we believe there is the need to further develop good evaluation tasks that show whether CDSM truly capture compositionality. To this end, we present an evaluation task that highlights some differences among the CDSMs currently available by challenging them in detecting semantic differences caused by word order switch and by determiner replacements. We take as starting point simple intransitive and transitive sentences describing similar events, that we consider to be paraphrases of each other but not of the foil paraphrases we generate from them. Only the models sensitive to word order and determiner phrase meaning and their role in the sentence composition will not be captured into the foils' trap.


The child's acquisition of independence can be favored or impeded by the educational practices used by the family . This article intends to describe how university level mothers deal with this aspect in the education of their children, aged 2 to 7. With this purpose, 50 mothers were interviewed. Twenty-five mothers were residents of a middle-sized city located in a rural area of the state of São Paulo and 25 were residents in the capital city of one of the northeastern states of Brazil. Forty-three questions from "Roteiro Reestruturado de Biasoli-Alves e Graminha" were used. The questions seek to discover whether it is the mother or the child who directs situations in the child' s daily routine. The results show that in the majority of instances (around 60%), there is a joint determination. In other words, both mother and child tend to make the decisions together as to which direction daily routine situations should follow .


Abstract Six normal volunteers were exposed to a simulated altitude of 4500 meters, and changes in urine and serum erythropoietin levels were related to the changes in acid-base status. During the ...


Variable NaI absorption lines have been reported in a number of type Ia supernovae (SNeIa). The presence of this circumstellar material suggests that cataclysmic variables (CVs) with a giant donor star may be the progenitors of these SNeIa (Patat et al. 2007). We present echelle spectra of the CV QU Carinae which strengthen the connection between CVs of the V Sge class, the Accretion Wind Evolution scenario, variable wind features, variable NaI absorption, and SNIa. This thread not only provides insight into the spectral peculiarities of QU Car, but also links SNeIa as a class with their parent systems.


This article studies how the radio propaganda developed by the Peronism government intervened in the political struggel. Since the formation of the Division de Accion Radial , part of the Subsecretaria de Informaciones , multiple auditions took place as an integral part in the construction of hegemony. For this reason, the operation of this state agency is described, as well as the different formats developed by it, during the period of 1949 and 1951. This period begins with the government taking ownership of all radio stations and ends with the electoral campaign to re-elect Peron as president. This article uses concepts from media studies, culture, society and politics, with premises that have their origin in the Sociology of Culture, as well as in Cultural History and Media History. For its realization various archives were consulted such as the Departamento de cine, audio y video , as well as the Fondo Fiscalia Nacional de Recuperacion Patrimonial , Comision 21 "Secretaria de Prensa y Difusion" , both from the Archivo General de la Nacion. It was also consulted spectacle magazines and newspapers of that period. On one hand the results of this study displays that the radio propaganda of Peronism, used the fictional radio genres for political communication; on the other hand, agents from the entertainment field were constantly summoned for their development. It is proposed that this appeal to the spectacle was not only effective in the political construction of Peronism, but also became a key element of its cultural matrix.


In this work, we present a fiber Bragg grating interrogation based on high‐birefringence fiber loop mirror for strain–temperature discrimination. Due to spectral response of the optical filters it is possible to determine the variation of the wavelength and the optical power of the Bragg grating sensor when subject to strain or temperature. Maximum errors of ±0.4°C and ±12 με are reported over 80°C and 2000 με measurement ranges. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2326–2328, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21894


Optimization of blade stacking in low-pressure (LP) steam turbine development constitutes one of the most delicate and time-consuming parts of the design process. This is the second part of two papers focusing on stacking strategies applied to the last stage guide vane and represents an attempt to discern the aerodynamic targets that can be achieved by each of the well-known and most often used basic stacking schemes. The effects of lean and twist have been investigated through an iterative process, involving comprehensive 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of the last two stages of a standard LP, where the basic lean and twist stacking schemes were applied on the last stage guide vanes while keeping the throat area (TA) unchanged. It has been found that it is possible to achieve the same target value and pattern of stage reaction by applying either tangential lean or an equivalent value of twist. Moreover, the significance of axial sweep on hub reaction has been found to become pronounced when the blade sweep is carried out at constant TA. The importance of hub-profiling has also been demonstrated and assessed. Detailed analysis of the flow fields has provided an overall picture, revealing the differences in the main flow parameters as produced by each of the alternative basic stacking schemes.


This study was conducted to detect the prevalence of haemolysis, its hly virulence genes and the antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli strains implicated in Urinary tract infections (UPEC) in Palakkad, India. From 280 urine samples 200 E. coli strains were isolated and identified. The antimicrobial resistances of E. coli isolates were characterized using Disk Diffusion method. Haemolysis was checked using 5% sheep Blood agar and finally PCR was carried out for strains showing haemolysis using hly D primer. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed, 90.5%, 52.0%, 47.5%, 19.0%, 38.5%, 24.7%, 36% and 30% resistance rate to ampicillin, cefuroxime, ciprofloaxacin, ceftazidime, co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, nalidixic-acid, norfloxacin and nitrofurantion respectively. Haemolysis in sheep blood agar was observed in 55 (27.5%) of the isolates. hlyD genes were seen among 10 UPEC strains. The data suggest a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in UPEC strains.


PURPOSE
To determine the influence of race/ethnicity on outcomes in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS).

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Of CCSS adult survivors in the United States, 443 (4.9%) were black, 503 (5.6%) were Hispanic and 7,821 (86.6%) were white. Mean age at interview, 26.9 years (range, 18 to 48 years); mean follow-up, 17.2 years (range, 8.7 to 28.4 years). Late mortality, second malignancy (SMN) rates, health care utilization, and health status and behaviors were assessed for blacks and Hispanics and compared with white survivors.

RESULTS
Late mortality rate (6.5%) and 15-year cumulative incidence of SMN (3.5%) were similar across racial/ethnic groups. Minority survivors were more likely to have lower socioeconomic status (SES); final models were adjusted for income, education, and health insurance. Although overall health status was similar, black survivors were less likely to report adverse mental health (females: odds ratio [OR], 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4 to 0.9; males: OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3 to 0.8). Differences in health care utilization and behaviors noted: Hispanic survivors were more likely to report a cancer center visit (females: OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.0; males: OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.3); black females were more likely (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.4), and Hispanic females less likely to have a recent Pap smear (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5 to 1.0); black and Hispanic survivors were less likely to report smoking; black survivors were less likely to report problem drinking.

CONCLUSION
Adjusted for SES, adverse outcomes in CCSS were not associated with minority status. Importantly, black survivors reported less risky behaviors and better preventive practices. Hispanic survivors had equitable access to cancer related care.


Abstract In 1995, in response to popular sentiment demanding regulatory reform, the U.S. Congress has undertaken fundamental reassessment and reinvention of natural resource and environmental regulation at the national level. Simultaneously, Washington State has become a national model for regulatory reform at the state level, by integrating recent growth management legislation with traditional local land-use processes and preexisting environmental statutes such as the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) and the Shoreline Management Act. See WASH. REV. CODE. Ch. 90.58. Honoring the recommendations of the Governor's Task Force on Regulatory Reform, the 1995 Washington legislature enacted legislation of landmark importance. In doing so, the legislature has attempted comprehensive substantive and procedural integration of local regulation under the recent Growth Management Act, WASH. REV. CODE. Ch. 36.70A. See also, Settle, supra note 1.


Automatic algorithms for tracking and associating passengers and their divested objects at an airport security screening checkpoint would have great potential for improving checkpoint efficiency, including flow analysis, theft detection, line-of-sight maintenance, and risk-based screening. In this paper, we present algorithms for these tracking and association problems and demonstrate their effectiveness in a full-scale physical simulation of an airport security screening checkpoint. Our algorithms leverage both hand-crafted and deep-learning-based approaches for passenger and bin tracking, and are able to accurately track and associate objects through a ceiling-mounted multicamera array. We validate our algorithm on ground-truthed datasets collected at the simulated checkpoint that reflect natural passenger behavior, achieving high rates of passenger/object/transfer event detection while maintaining low false alarm and mismatch rates.


This letter describes the biomimetic self-assembly of mm-sized polyhedra into helical aggregates. The system used two orthogonal, capillary interactions that acted in parallel. The design of the self-assembly process, and of the resulting structures, was modeled on the formation and structure of tobacco mosaic virus. The self-assembled, helical aggregates carried one, two, or four isolated, electrical circuits.


Licorice, Glycyrrhizae Radix is widely used as a herbal medicines and a dietary supplements in East Asia. We employed high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry to determine liquiritin and glycyrrhizin in the Glycyrrhizae Radix. Liquiritin and glycyrrhizin in Glycyrrhizae Radix were ionized by positive ion pneumatically assisted electrospray and detected by HPLC-MS/MS in the multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using precursor product ion combinations at m/z and , respectively. The assay had a calibration range from 10 to 3,000 ng/mL. The limits of detection (LOD) of the liquiritin and glycyrrhizin were 0.4 ng/mL and 0.01 ng/mL, respectively. The reproducibility and repeatability (relative standard deviation) at different analyte concentrations varied from 103 to 113 % and 0.95 to 1.8 %, respectively. According to the above results, HPLC-MS/MS method permits assignment of tentative structures such as liquiritin and glycyrrhizin in the Glycyrrhizae Radix.


In this paper, we present issues that must be considered in design of true-time delay (TTD). The application of TTD is a phased array antenna system which can be wideband system due to using of TTD. First off-state capacitor resonance must be avoided when designing a switched line TTD. TTD was designed and fabricated with PCB to confirm that the resonance occurs when the electrical length of the transmission line on the off-state side is an integral multiple of the half-wave length. Cascaded switches can be used to solve the resonance problems. Second factor is group delay variation (GDV) caused by reflected waves due to discontinuity. The proposed transmission line model with discontinuity is used to analyze GDV by reflected waves. Keywords—true-time delay; off-state capacitor resonance; isolation; group delay variation


Background: This study was aimed to explore the association of vitamin D in the risk of coagulopathy in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Methods: Clinical and laboratory findings were obtained from 50 confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia, from September to November 2020. Thrombotic events during hospitalization were recorded, and the ISTH disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) score was used to classify overt DIC. Hypovitaminosis D was defined by serum vitamin D level <49.92 nmol/L. Results: Among 50 patients, 42 (84%) had hypovitaminosis D, and 6 (12%) developed thrombotic events. Vitamin D levels were lower in patients with thrombotic events (p=0.015), D-dimer >2 mg/L (p=0.006), ISTH DIC score 35 (p=0.020), admitted on ICU (p=0.002), and non-survivor groups (p=0.007). Multivariate analysis for the risk in increased D-dimer levels showed low vitamin D as the only significant risk factor with OR 1.8 (1.2–4.4), p=0.034. Low vitamin D also increased the risk for developing overt DIC with OR. 5.4 (1.0–30.2), p=0.039. Vitamin D level had negative correlations with ferritin (R=-0.316, p=0.044) and CRP (R=-0.530, p=0.000). Kratak sadr`aj


Internal and external uncertainties like structural integrity, load, demand, weather conditions and spatial planning have an impact on Infrastructure assets. Incorporating uncertainties and flexibility to decisions by means of more information becoming available, adds value to new investments, life time extended maintenance and replacements. The traditional way to evaluate such projects, the Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) based on traditional Net Present Value (NPV) techniques fails to incorporate flexibility, and hence ignores extra value from expected future information. Decision Tree Analysis (DTA) and Monte Carlo Analysis (MCA) can actually allow for valuing flexibility in investments. If investments are subject to non-diversifiable uncertainties, investors should be compensated for associated risks by using time dependent risk adjusted discount rates for valuation practices. A discussion is taking place on difficulties that occur if this principle is applied to infrastructure investments. Conducted literature research shows that current techniques to correct for non-diversifiable cannot be applied directly to most engineering valuation problems. A MCA on investment alternatives regarding to the replacement of a bridge in the municipality of Amsterdam demonstrates how expected investment values can be calculated taking along multiple uncertainties and flexibility. Although the value of flexibility is always equal or greater than zero, case study results show that incorporating uncertainty and flexibility in the analysis can also affect the NPV negatively.


This paper presents a load impedance estimation and iterative-learning control for a single-phase three-wire inverter acting as an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), which can supply unbalanced load, linear load and rectified load. The proposed load impedance estimation scheme is based on an RLC equivalent circuit concept to determine load parameters, RLC, insuring that the inverter can generate sinusoidal voltage. With an iterative learning control, the steady-state error of the output voltage can be reduced significantly. Additionally, the proposed control can accommodate wide inductance variation of the inverter, reducing core size significantly. In the design and implementation, the inverter inductances corresponding to various inductor currents are measured at the start-up and stored in the memory of the controller for scheduling loop gain every switching cycle, and the RLC load parameters are estimated online to determine control (duty ratio). Experimental results measured from a 5 kVA inverter have verified the analysis and discussion.


Abstract The broader measures of offensive effectiveness, such as scoring opportunities and shots at goal, are commonly used as an alternative to goals scored due to the naturally low probability of scoring (about 1%) in soccer match-play. These measures may enable soccer practitioners to objectively see behind single match results, which are often influenced by chance. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between broader measures (scoring opportunities and score box possessions) and the ultimate measure (goals scored) of offensive effectiveness. We analysed data from videotapes of 163 of 182 (90%) matches played in the Norwegian men's professional league during the 2004 season. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed very similar results when comparing the effectiveness of different offensive tactics, regardless of which outcome was used. For example, counterattacks were more effective than elaborate attacks in producing goals (odds ratio OR=2.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.40 to 3.05), scoring opportunities (OR=2.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.28 to 4.15), and score box possessions (OR=2.12, 95% confidence interval: 1.39 to 3.25). The receiver-operating characteristic function statistical procedure was used to examine the association between each of the three measures of offensive effectiveness: scoring opportunities, score box possessions, and goals scored. No significant difference was observed between the area under the curve (AUC) for the broader measures (scoring opportunities and score box possessions) and the ultimate measure (goals scored) of offensive effectiveness. The 95% confidence interval of the AUC for both scoring opportunities (0.74–0.84) and score box possessions (0.68–0.76) includes the AUC for goals scored (0.74). Thus, the results are very similar regardless of which outcome measure for offensive effectiveness is used. This indicates that scoring opportunities and score box possessions (shooting opportunities) can be used as a proxy for goals scored when comparing the effectiveness of different playing tactics in soccer. Compared with goals scored, using scoring opportunities or score box possessions requires smaller match samples for meaningful analyses, and may therefore be more feasible alternatives.


Significance A specific ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter is generally viewed to function as either an exporter or an importer, but in principle ABC transporters can transport substrates in both directions across the membrane. Structural studies of the prokaryotic ABC exporter NaAtm1 demonstrate that progression through the transport cycle is accompanied by changes in transmembrane helix 6 (TM6) that modulate the binding cavity for transported substrate. Significantly, kinking of TM6 in a post-ATP hydrolysis state stabilized by MgADPVO4 eliminates the substrate-binding cavity. The presence of this cavity during the transition from the inward-facing to outward-facing conformational states, and its absence in the reverse direction, thereby provide an elegant and conceptually simple mechanism for enforcing the export directionality of transport. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter of mitochondria (Atm1) mediates iron homeostasis in eukaryotes, while the prokaryotic homolog from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans (NaAtm1) can export glutathione derivatives and confer protection against heavy-metal toxicity. To establish the structural framework underlying the NaAtm1 transport mechanism, we determined eight structures by X-ray crystallography and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy in distinct conformational states, stabilized by individual disulfide crosslinks and nucleotides. As NaAtm1 progresses through the transport cycle, conformational changes in transmembrane helix 6 (TM6) alter the glutathione-binding site and the associated substrate-binding cavity. Significantly, kinking of TM6 in the post-ATP hydrolysis state stabilized by MgADPVO4 eliminates this cavity, precluding uptake of glutathione derivatives. The presence of this cavity during the transition from the inward-facing to outward-facing conformational states, and its absence in the reverse direction, thereby provide an elegant and conceptually simple mechanism for enforcing the export directionality of transport by NaAtm1. One of the disulfide crosslinked NaAtm1 variants characterized in this work retains significant glutathione transport activity, suggesting that ATP hydrolysis and substrate transport by Atm1 may involve a limited set of conformational states with minimal separation of the nucleotide-binding domains in the inward-facing conformation.


Hexahedral meshes are a ubiquitous domain for the numerical resolution of partial differential equations. Computing a pure hexahedral mesh from an adaptively refined grid is a prominent approach to automatic hexmeshing, and requires the ability to restore the all hex property around the hanging nodes that arise at the interface between cells having different size. The most advanced tools to accomplish this task are based on mesh dualization. These approaches use topological schemes to regularize the valence of inner vertices and edges, such that dualizing the grid yields a pure hexahedral mesh. In this article, we study in detail the dual approach, and propose four main contributions to it: (i) We enumerate all the possible transitions that dual methods must be able to handle, showing that prior schemes do not natively cover all of them; (ii) We show that schemes are internally asymmetric, therefore not only their construction is ambiguous, but different implementative choices lead to hexahedral meshes with different singular structure; (iii) We explore the combinatorial space of dual schemes, selecting the minimum set that covers all the possible configurations and also yields the simplest singular structure in the output hexmesh; (iv) We enlarge the class of adaptive grids that can be transformed into pure hexahedral meshes, relaxing one of the tight topological requirements imposed by previous approaches. Our extensive experiments show that our transition schemes consistently outperform prior art in terms of ability to converge to a valid solution, amount and distribution of singular mesh edges, and element count. Last but not least, we publicly release our code and reveal a conspicuous amount of technical details that were overlooked in previous literature, lowering an entry barrier that was hard to overcome for practitioners in the field.


In this paper, an improved small-signal equivalent circuit model is proposed. The coupling of multi-finger interconnection line to the ground has been taken into account. An 8 fingers RF MOSFET is fabricated using the 65nm CMOS process to validate the model. The S parameters had been investigated up to 43 GHz. Comparing to the conventional model, the maximum root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of S11has reduced from 0.03615 to 0.00577 and the maximum RMSE of S22has reduced from 0.07324 to 0.00515. The results show that the model accuracy has been remarkably improved.


paper presents a method for circular range searching in 2D geographical data for GIS. The proposed is based on the priority search tree (PST) developed by Edvard T. McCreight in the mid eighties. The Priority Search Tree is a data structure used for performing semi-infinite range queries. In the solution presented in this paper, the two operation of PST, Insert operation and EnumerateRectangle are combined for getting all data-points in a circular range. A query in this new data structure returns all points in circlular range. The proposed circular range searching is the querying of all datapoints P which are the subset of dataset R and also locating in the circular range with the radius and the center is query point.


To meet the special demands of airborne electro-optical tracking system for rapid recognition and accurate positioning, a fast identification and location algorithm is required. Through the in-depth characteristics analysis of continuous images sequence and airborne electro-optical tracking system and integrated with variation and movement information of precision turntable, an image processing algorithms is put forward based on the information corner. On the basis of the corner variation information of precision turntable, we obtain the margin target residual map through difference computing among a row of multi-frame image sequence. Combing with the median filtering and adaptive gate tracking algorithm, we multiply the residual map to remove most random noise. The method can greatly reduce the computing capacity and achieve the objectives of fast tracking of moving targets. Result of target image sequence test shows that the algorithm is fast and stable and thus can meet the requirements of the airborne electro-optical tracking system for tracking real-time image.


Streptococcus uberis is a leading cause of mastitis worldwide with significant financial and welfare implications. It is uncontrolled by present disease control strategies and further knowledge of the interactions between host and pathogen are crucial to permit the development of novel control strategies.
Neutrophils (PMNs) migrate into the udder in large number and they are responsible for removing other udder pathogens. However previous work has shown that virulent S. uberis 0140J releases an unidentified soluble factor that inhibits the bactericidal activity of PMNs. This work set out to elucidate a better understanding of this host-pathogen interaction; firstly by investigation to determine whether avirulent strains of S. uberis were killed by PMNs, and secondly by assessing transcriptional changes between PMNs after exposure to milk and milk in which S. uberis has been cultured by microarray analysis.
Naturally occurring and mutant strains of S. uberis that show attenuation in the host were unaffected by the presence of functional PMNs, indicating that their attenuation in the host cannot be attributed to increased susceptibility to the bactericidal activities of PMNs.
PMNs incubated in milk in which S. uberis 0140J had been cultured (ST PMNs) had an altered transcriptome compared to PMNs incubated in milk. Genes involved in cell death and the inflammatory responses appear effected. A down-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes was observed, this finding was supported by a highly significant reduction in the presence of apoptotic cells, compared to cells incubated in milk. Transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines including CXCL8, IL12β and CCL20 was up-regulated in ST PMNs and genes involved in cellular structure and metabolism had altered levels of expression. This data from this investigation has provided an initial insight into the mechanisms by which S. uberis may elicit changes in PMNs that may relate to inhibition the bactericidal function and/or other host pathogen interactions.


Modified nucleosides establish a second layer of information in DNA. Next to the four canonical bases, the DNA of higher organisms contains a total of four epigenetic deoxycytidine bases: m 5 dC, hm 5 dC, f 5 dC, and ca 5 dC. The regulation of the gene silencing and activation process can be linked to increased chemical diversity of these bases [1] . Here we characterized all four epigenetic nucleosides via the combination of sub-30-fs transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy [2] and molecular electronic structure calculations [3] .


[Objective]To explore the expression of type-Ⅱ collagen and Bcl-2 in osteoarthritis(OA) and normal human articular chondrocyte.To investigate the differences of two type OA in pathomechanism.[Methods]The samples of articular cartilage were obtained from the patients undergoing total joint replacement,including 8 primary OA patients,8 secondary OA patients and 9 normal subjects.Type-Ⅱ collagen and Bcl-2 expression of chondrocyte were detected by reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).[Results]The expressin of type-Ⅱ collagen mRNA in normal OA group was higher than those in primary OA group and secondary OA group,there was significant difference between OA group and the normal control group(P0.01,P=0.014),while there was no significant difference between primary OA group and secondary OA group(P =0.716).The expressin of Bcl-2 mRNA in normal OA group was lower than those in primary OA group and secondary OA group,there was significant difference between OA group and the normal control group(P0.01,P0.05),while there was no significant difference between primary OA group and secondary OA group(P0.05).[Conclusion]The reduction of type-Ⅱ collagen expression led to the change of collagen directly,which plays an important role in OA as well as common pathway of primary OA and secondary OA.The change of bcl-2 expression is the key factor in the pathomechanism of OA.Bcl-2 is a link between extracellular matrix and cartilage cells.


Civil construction produces several impacts, whether beneficial or not, and may be socioeconomic and environmental. Mitigating measures can be made to alleviate the environmental imbalance, making it necessary to develop materials and techniques to minimize the impacts resulting from these activities. It stands out for soil-cement brick production technologies, not leading to burning in its manufacturing process, in order to ensure sustainable development. The objective of this work is to conduct a survey on the use of soil cement brick in the Metropolitan Region of Cariri, through a questionnaire aimed at professionals working in the area, taking into account their level of commercial knowledge about the use of the product. Data collection was performed online with the submission of a form. Data were collected from 21 professionals, where 71% say they have never used brick in their projects or constructions and only 29% indicate that they have already used the product. The results demonstrated that 71% of the questionnaires answered by companies/professionals in the area of civil construction answered not to use this material. Among the main reasons, they mentioned the difficulty of finding suppliers, the lack of technical knowledge and the non-acceptance of customers. For the 29% who responded to use the product, they report that technological advances in the sector and the need for marketing for the dissemination of the product.


Physical injury and quantification systems gained increased attention by comparative lawyers, especially on civil liability insurance contracts designed for road accidents. Different legal orders adopted similar tabulation systems aimed to an equalitarian damages quantification. This idea is grounded on the legal protection of health and psychophysical integrity as fundamental rights, which demands an standard value for all human beings. In this context, the impacts on labour capacity are irrelevant. Those tables usually are point-based and build regarding age and incapacity levels, allowing some personalization on other circumstances. The product should be expressed in a monetary value and must be more even than an equality-only based approach. This papers study those systems under Portuguese and Brazilian Law. In the former, the idea of an physical injury is statutorily regulated, although still subject to scholarly debate. The latter do not present a fully developed theory and many consequences of a bodily harm are compensated as moral damages, an imprecise umbrella head of damage. The adoption of those tables could lead to a more standard quantification throughout Brazilian courts.


Sauromatum horsfieldii (Araceae – Areae) is reported here as a new record for India. A detailed description and photographic illustration are provided, along with an account and revised key of the Indian species of Sauromatum.


The idea of commissioning seven play wrights?Philip Kan Gotanda, Velina Ha su Houston, David Henry Hwang, Shishir Kurup, Lina Patel, Elizabeth Wong, and me?to each take a genealogical DNA test and write short plays in response to the results of these tests occurred to me while having lunch with a colleague back in 2007. What began as a standard "how can we collaborate?" conversation segued into a lively repartee about science, art, genetics, and popular culture's growing fascination with the phenomena of DNA. Concurrent to our riffing over Cobb salad were conversations at Silk Road Theatre Project about the commissioning of new plays. That these streams would somehow inter sect is the miracle of artistic ecology, spawning what I would later call The DNA Trail: A Genealogy of Short Plays about Ancestry, Identity, and Utter Confusion. Seeing that such a distinguished group of playwrights agreed to take this journey with me (responding affirmatively to my invitation typical ly within the number of seconds it took to explain the concept) is testimony both to the power of ancestry and that innate desire to discover some thing new and unexpected about ourselves. But before delving further into The DNA Trail, allow me to contextualize the piece within the mission and history of Silk Road Theatre Project. In 2002 my life partner, Malik Gillani, and I co founded Silk Road Theatre Project in Chicago as a creative and proactive response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and as an antidote to theories surmising a "clash of civilizations," a dangerous thesis that was fast gaining traction among key policymakers and opinion shapers. Corresponding to our respective strengths, Malik was to be the company's executive director and I the artistic director. We developed a mission statement for SRTP that read: Silk Road Theatre Proj ect shozvcases playwrights of Asian, Middle Eastern, and Mediterranean backgrounds whose works address themes relevant to the peoples of the Silk Road and their Diaspora communities. Through the mediums of the ater, video, education, and advocacy, we aim to deepen and expand representation in American culture. The DNA Trail playwrights


A fundamental peculiarity of the Russian labor market in the 1990s has been the level of hiring. There is as yet no satisfactory explanation of why Russian firms have been hiring employees even as output has declined substantially.


Preliminary study of lhe hydric erosion in the upper Nerbioi river besin (Basque Country). In this paper an introduction 10 !he study of Ihe hydric erosion in Ihe context of the fluvial basins dynamic is carried out, by means of evaluation of the suspended and solutian material in the rivers. The Nerbioi river basin (Bizkaia-Araba) has been selected and systematic sampling campaigns have been done. The galhered information has been pracessed by means of slatistical lechniques in order to know the relationships among the different measured paramelers. The rela tionships between discharge and suspended load and discharge and solution load were particu lary sludied.


Projecting safer and more economic wells calls for estimating correctly the fracture pressure gradient. On the other hand, a poor prediction of the fracture pressure gradient may lead to serious accidents such as lost circulation followed by a kick. Although these kinds of accidents can occur in any phase of the well, drilling shallow formations can offer additional dangerous due to shallow gas kicks, because they have the potential of becoming a shallow gas blowout leading sometimes to the formation of craters. Often, one of the main problems when estimating the fracture pressure gradient is the lack of data. In fact, drilling engineers generally face situations where only leak off test data (frequently having questionable results) are available. This problem is normally the case when drilling shallow formations where very few information is collected. This paper presents a new method to estimate fracture pressure gradient. The proposed method has the advantage of (a) using only the knowledge of leak off test data and (b) being independent of the pore pressure. The method is based on a new concept called pseudo-overburden pressure, defined as the overburden pressure a formation would exhibit if it were plastic. The method was applied in severalmore » areas of the world such as US Gulf Coast (Mississippi Canyon and Green Canyon) with very good results.« less


Objective To evaluate antifungal susceptibility test and criteria by Denmark Rosco disk diffusion method.Methods With reference of the NCCLS disk diffusion method, susceptibility of 80 clinical yeast isolates to Fluconazole was tested by Denmark Rosco disk diffusion method and the NCCLS disk diffusion method.Results Rosco disk diffusion choosing according to basic criteria, the results of Rosco Disk Diffusion have no statistical significance compared with the results of NCCLS Disk diffusion (P0.05). But Rosco disk diffusion choosing by the more stringent criteria of Rosco, have possessed significance for Candida albicans , not for Candida tropicalis compared with the results of NCCLS Disk Diffusion(P0.05).Conclusion The basiccriteria of Rosco Disk Diffusion is suitable for result evaluation of clinical yeast isolates in our hospital. And the stringent criteria is not suitable for result evaluation of Candida albicans.


With high flexibility,easy-controlling and less contamination,great priority had been paid to the approaches of Electrochemistry's oxidation by the researchers.The essay adopted electrochemical oxidation technology processed acidity red 4B dyeing wasted water to research solution,Ph value,electric current density,electrolysis time and added electrolyte's impact on processing outcome.The approaches' processing dyeing wasted water,fading ratio proved totally agreed with request of drainage.


This edited volume seeks to fill a gap that still exists in the research on television costume drama. It introduces its readers to a wide spectrum of Spanish series released since 2000 and set in t...


Abstract Purpose Medical students providing support to clinical teams during Covid-19 may have been an opportunity for service and learning. We aimed to understand why the reported educational impact has been mixed to inform future placements. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of medical students at UK medical schools during the first Covid-19 'lockdown' period in the UK (March–July 2020). Analysis was informed by the conceptual framework of service and learning. Results 1245 medical students from 37 UK medical schools responded. 57% of respondents provided clinical support across a variety of roles and reported benefits including increased preparedness for foundation year one compared to those who did not (p < 0.0001). However, not every individual's experience was equal. For some, roles complemented the curriculum and provided opportunities for clinical skill development, reflection, and meaningful contribution to the health service. For others, the relevance of their role to their education was limited; these roles typically focused on service provision, with few opportunities to develop. Conclusion The conceptual framework of service and learning can help explain why student experiences have been heterogeneous. We highlight how this conceptual framework can be used to inform clinical placements in the future, in particular the risks, benefits, and structures. Practice points There was a benefit for most students who provided clinical support compared to those who did not during Covid-19. Most students found clinical support roles more beneficial than clinical placements and most final years wanted their final year clinical placements replaced by a formal role within a clinical team. Not every student's experience of clinical support was equal. The conceptual framework of service and learning can help explain this heterogeneity. The most beneficial roles for students complemented the curriculum and provided opportunities for clinical skill development, reflective practice, and meaningful contribution to the health service. There is an added benefit of combining service and learning if done correctly, and we can use this to inform the structure of clinical placements going forwards. However, there are risks, and we discuss principles of good practice and provide our own considerations.


The function of embankment includes flood control, water transport, environmental protection, ecological service, water-closing entertainment, landscape tourism and so on. In order to clarify the structure, functions, characteristics and related problems existing in urban ecological embankments in Guangzhou City, several typical ecological river embankments were selected and further analyzed by using field investigation and case study. Some practical countermeasures were put forward as well. Five types of ecological embankments were discussed, which were attachable type, fence type, patch type, integral type and compound type. Current existing problems were found such as low biodiversity in embankment, weak services in aesthetic experience and leisure, and absence of ecological embankment cultivation and so on. In order to resolve these problems, a series of countermeasures including improving the coupling of ecological components, enhancing water enjoyable and entertainment services, paying more attentions to the construction and cultivation of ecological embankment and other related countermeasures were proposed.


Four circuit topologies that are used for DC-to-AC converters are presented. Simulation studies of all four topologies are described. The parallel-loaded DC-to-AC converter topology was analyzed, and a control scheme was developed. Detailed simulation was also carried out using an R-L-E load to study the effectiveness of the converter for DC-to-AC conversion. Results of this simulation demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller in overcoming the overvoltage problem.<<ETX>>


Objective To investigate the risk factors for incision infection in gastrointestinal surgery and explore its preventive measures. Methods A total of 764 patients underwent gastrointestinal surgery in our hospital from December2010 to December 2012, and their clinical data were retrospectively investigated. The risk factors for incision infection were analyzed by χ2analysis. Results There were 65 cases of incision infection among all the 764 patients. The rate of incision infection in gastrointestinal surgery was 8.5%. In the 65 cases of incision infection, 48 types of bacteria were detected in our hospital with a rate of 73.8%. The types of bacterial included 32 strains of Gram-negative bacteria(accounting for 66.7%)and 16 strains of Gram-positive bacteria(accounting for 33.3%). Gram-negative bacteria mainly were Escherichia coli,Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella and Enterobacter which accounted for 29.2%, 18.8%, 12.5% and 6.2%, respectively. Grampositive bacteria mainly included Enterococci and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and they accounted for 22.9% and 10.4%,respectively. The χ2analysis showed that age( 60 years), operative time( 120 min), blood transfusion, and tumor were the risk factors of incision infection in gastrointestinal surgery(P 0.05). Conclusions The pathogens of incision infection are mainly gram-negative bacilli in gastrointestinal surgery. Patients' age, operative time, blood transfusion, and malignant lesions are the main risk factors for incision infection. Taking appropriate preventive measures can help to reduce the incidence of incision infection in gastrointestinal surgery.


Using condom is one of many ways to prevent HIV and AIDS. Unfortunately condom still has big stigma in Indonesia. In other hands, most
people in Indonesia already did have sex in young ages with sex worker, include transgender male to female (MTF). This research aimed to explore transgender MTF' client sexual behavior for HIV and AIDS prevention. This research was
qualitative method used case study which six transgender MTF' client in Kembang Kuning, Surabaya became informants. Information that related with their ages, social economic status, HIV and AIDS information from family, school, and religion, condom, provocateur, sexual Intercourse, sexual transaction, and sexual behavior, their awareness about condom were seeking from them. Sexual behavior among transgender MTF' client were unpredictable and they did it in young ages without realized the effect. In conclusion, young people do sexual
intercourse and don't know how prevent all risk. Recommendation, young people need to understand the information about sexuality and reproduction since early ages, include information about condom and sexual intercourse risk.


Result of this study help in exploring whether the movement of Bombay Stock Exchanges indices is the outcome of some selected macroeconomic variables or it is one of the causes of movement in those variables of the Indian economy. The study consider macroeconomic variables as Index of Industrial production (IIP), Consumer Price Index (CPI), Call Money Rate (CMR), Dollar Price (DP), Foreign Institutional Investment (FII), Crude Oil Prices (CO), Gold Price (GP) and Bombay Stock Exchanges indices in the form of SENSEX, BSE- Metals, Auto, Capital Goods, Fast Moving Consumer Goods and Consumer Durables by using monthly data that span from April, 2005 to March, 2012. More specifically, in the study we use ADF test, Correlation and Regression analysis and Granger Casually test to see the effect of macroeconomic variables on Bombay Stock Exchange Indices and vice versa (by using Granger Causality test) and found some interesting results for our study analysis.


In this study, the adsorption properties of cationized cellulose nanofibers (c-CNF) were examined for the removal of sulfate (SO42–) ions from aqueous solutions under diverse experimental conditions. Nanofiber mats were fabricated through electrospinning and cationized with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (CHTAC). The resultant c-CNF with an ammonium content of 0.134 mmol/g showed the maximum adsorption capacity of 24.5 mg of SO42– per gram of sorbent using a Langmuir isotherm model. A pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model was fitted to the adsorption rate data, showing a higher adsorption rate of 0.0022 mg g–1 min–1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs revealed the average fiber diameter to be 280 ± 10 nm, and a BET surface area of 5.04 m2/g was obtained with a BET surface area and porosity analyzer. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the conversion of cellulose acetate (CA) to cellulose and its subsequent cationization. Furthermore, the consequences...


In this paper, we conducted a literature review of manufacturing and digital platform, examining 92 articles published between 1997 and 2022. In our study of the literature, we used the software HistCite and VOSviewer to conduct a quantitative analysis of bibliometric analysis. The results of our research show that there are 3 research fields: (i) platform-based new product development (ii) digital platform-based value co-creation (iii) digital platform-based business models. This paper compiled a list of the most prominent aspects in the manufacturing and digital platform literature, including leading countries, institutes, journals, authors, and articles. Finally, based on our analysis of the literature on manufacturing digital platforms, this paper summarized challenges and opportunities in these research fields.


This paper investigates the problem of state-of-charge recalibration during vehicle key-off mode from battery current, voltage and temperature measurements. A quiescent voltage battery model is formalized and two different observers are proposed; that is, a multiple model adaptive estimator and an unscented Kalman filter. Both approaches are capable of robust quiescent voltage estimation in a computationally inexpensive way. The performance of the observers is numerically quantified by exhaustive simulations within application-relevant boundary conditions.


Fueled with the rapid development of renewable energy,the power grids in Europe are carrying on a new round of extension and reinforcement.This paper explores the development trend of power generation structure,generation distribution,cross-border power flow and backbones of transmission networks in Europe and introduces the main projects of the main network backbones in the next 10 years.The paper studies the extension trend of the European synchronous interconnected grid which includes the Mediterranean ring,the interconnection of IPS/UPS with the continental Europe,and the prospects of a pan-European super grid.The extension features of the European main power grid are summarized,and the possible roadmap of the synchronous extension is discussed in the paper.


Introduction Anabolic implants in finishing beef cattle offer significant return on investment. Anabolic implants improve average daily gain feed efficiency in pasture and feedlot cattle. One way growth-promoting implants stimulate growth is through increasing production of insulin-like growth factor 1. This hormone causes muscle cells to increase their uptake of glucose and amino acids from the bloodstream.


The size and molecular mass of water-soluble interpolyelectrolyte complex (PEC) formed between poly(l-glutamate) and poly(amido amine) dendrimer in aqueous solution were estimated as a function of the decreasing pH from the turbidities (τ) and their wavelength dependence, by comparison with numerical τ calculations by applying the Rayleigh−Debye−Gans and Mie scattering theories. Close to the pKa of the peripheral amino groups of the dendrimer, PECs with densities comparable to that of fractal clusters from a reaction limited colloid aggregation process collapsed to dense particles with ∼1 μm diameter. At a pH close to the pKa of the amino groups in the interior of the dendrimer, systems with carboxylate excess over amino/ammonium groups formed compact particles, and ion pairing likely extended to the ammonium groups in the dendrimer interior. PECs with the highest polymer density were formed at the stoichiometric ratio:  They appeared to be stable against dissociation at pH 3 in contrast to PECs formed wi...


Measurements of optical phase differences have been obtained with resolutions of 1/500 wave rms at 100 kHz data rates using frequency shift interferometry. One implementation of this approach, called the digital heterodyne interferometer, uses Bragg cells to generate the frequency shift, and has been applied extensively to real-time, high precision measurements as well as in limited applications to optical testing. We discuss the fundamentals of this approach and review the applications.


The article analyzes the features of modern stylistic trends in interior design. The basics of the leading interior styles are considered. Based on the analyzed material, conclusions are drawn, the article will be useful for interior designers, architects, students studying this topic.


Objective To investigate the relationship between CPET and GOLD Classification in evaluating the severity of COPD,And to identify which is better.Methods 67 patients of stable COPD were examined with PFT and CPET test in all patients.The parameters in the PFT such as predicted forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1%),predicted forced vital capacity(FVC%),and FEV1/FVC were recorded as well as the parameters in CPET such as maximum work rate(Wmax),predicted maximum work rate(WMAX%),oxygen uptake per kilogram of body weight(VO2max/kg),anaerobic threshold(VO2 at AT,ml/kg/min),O2 Pulse,maximum respirary rate(RRMAX),breathing reserve(BR%),maximum heart rate(HRMAX),heart rate reserve(HRR),and ventilation(VE).Correlations between the parameters in CPET and FEV1%,GOLD staging were analyzed.Results ① There were significant differences in the variability of VO2max/kg,O2 Pulse and WMAX among eyery GOLD stage;There were not significant differences in BR% and VE between stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ,whereas VO2/Kg at AT was not significant in staging.② FEV1% or GOLD staging had no significant correlation with WMAX,VO2/Kg at AT,BR%,whereas they had more correlation with VO2max/kg,O2 Pulse and VE,and they had no correlations with RRMAX andHRMAX.Conclutions CPET is useful to determine the causes of exercise limitation.COPD patients of different stage vary in exercise capacity.Some parametres are correlated with GOLD staging,especially correlating better with FEV1%,So the GOLD classification may be not enough to reflect the COPD status,especially the exercise capacity.


The main uncertainty in current determinations of the power sp ctrum normalization, σ8, from abundances of X-ray luminous galaxy clusters arises from the calibration of the mass–tem perature relation. We use our weak lensing mass determinati ons of 30 clusters from the hitherto largest sample of clusters wit h lensing masses, combined with X-ray temperature data from the literature, to calibrate the normalization of this relatio n at a temperature of 8 keV, M500c,8keV = (8.7 ± 1.6)h−1 10M⊙. This normalization is consistent with previous lensing-based r esults based on smaller cluster samples, and with some predi ctions from numerical simulations, but higher than most normalization s based on X-ray derived cluster masses. Assuming the theore ically expected slopeα = 3/2 of the mass–temperature relation, we derive σ8 = 0.88± 0.09 for a spatially-flatΛCDM universe with Ωm = 0.3. The main systematic errors on the lensing masses result fr om extrapolating the cluster masses beyond the field-of-vie w used for the gravitational lensing measurements, and from t he separation of cluster /background galaxies, contributing each with a scatter of 20%. Taking this into account, there is still sig nificant intrinsic scatter in the mass–temperature relatio n indicating that this relation may not be very tight, at least at the high m ass end. Furthermore, we find that dynamically relaxed clust ers are 75± 40% hotter than non-relaxed clusters. Subject headings: Cosmology: observations — cosmological parameters — dark m tter — gravitational lensing — Galaxies: clusters


Thermal expansion differences between electrical insulation materials and other components are important engineering considerations for long-term use. Thermal expansion is traditionally measured with constant thermal heating rates. This study shows that modulated heating rates provide much more accurate and detailed information for insulation with a significant viscoelastic component. Our choice of characterization technique is Modulated Thermal Mechanical Analysis (mTMA). Temperature modulation allows separation of reversible and non-reversible linear expansion. The slope of the reversible dimension change with temperature gives the true thermal expansion coefficient. Garolite, a commercial epoxy-fiberglass laminate, was measured perpendicular to the woven fiberglass layers. Three samples were aged with different environments for comparison with the as-received composite sample. Density was measured using pycnometry.The non-reversible expansion was found to be greater than the reversible expansion for all samples over the temperature range examined. The slope of the reversible dimension change is highly dependent on the aged condition. Densities for all aged samples were less than the as-received sample, suggesting structural relaxation from the high-pressure forming process. The authors recommend characterizing thermal expansion using mTMA and separating out the reversible dimension change as a function of temperature for all insulation samples with a viscoelastic component.


Research in speech and language therapy education has focussed on investigating models of clinical placements, rather than how learning is optimised in practical settings. A distinction has been made in practice-based learning in medical education between 'capability' and 'competency', urging educators to prioritise learning that enables problem solving and application of theory. We know little about student speech and language therapists' (SLTs) and educators' perception and expectations of clinical learning in placement and how this relates to capability. We investigated student SLTs' and educators' beliefs and experiences of successful learning in clinical settings and how they perceived their learner/educator roles using a qualitative study. Data was gathered from 28 students and educators using individual interviews and focus groups. The data was investigated using thematic analysis. Educators see their role as facilitators, developing core skills such as clinical reasoning, understanding professional identity and gaining independence. Some educators see this as a co-learning model, creating opportunities for their own learning. Students' conceptions change during clinical placements, from focussing on their own development to seeking to understand the client's perspective as well as identify needs, and respond with well-reasoned options for intervention. Aiming to equip SLT learners to be capable professionals, able to apply skills of clinical reasoning, is considered a core skill for SLT educators. Developing models for clinical placements informed by understanding how students learn to become capable could enhance the readiness of student SLTs to enter professional practice.


Intervertebral stabilization device (12,170) and methods are disclosed. Apparatus (12,170) preferably includes a flat spring which is enclosed within the housing (22,172) (20,180). Housing (22,172) is at either end, joined to the joint parts (24,25,174,175), the joint parts (24,25,174,175) is fixable to the adjacent vertebrae anchoring It has components (19) which can be connected to coupling the (28,178). Planar spring (20,180) is the deflection or atrophy can lead to relative motion between adjacent vertebrae. Joint parts (24,25,174,175) is a ball / socket joint to allow the entire assembly to flexibly follow the curvature of the spine. One of the joint parts and coupling to an end fusion rod with a (164) (162) may be used in place of the spring device. Connector is compatible with the fusion rod (162) assembly and spring assembly (12,170), results in a kinetic stabilization in one vertebral level, to result in fused at adjacent vertebral levels can. Also allows a short pedicle pair pedicle displacement, overhanging type spring assembly (250) having a housing displaced laterally (254) is also disclosed.


Academic motivation is conceived here as an amalgam of personality dispositions, goals, and varying states of arousal. Some attention is given to the nature and development of each of these components, and their implications for classroom teachers are discussed. It is claimed that, when pupil motivation is low, intervention might take the form of strategies aimed at: (a) increasing the strength of motivational dispositions; (b) raising the value ascribed to academic achievement; and (c) maximum arousal of intrinsic motivation and elimination of suppressor variables. Although classroom teachers may be able to effect some improvement in the strength of motivational dispositions and values, their main contribution to promoting motivation in their pupils probably lies in their ability to arouse the dispositions and values.


The main idea of the article is to analyze the semantics of intermodal verbal predicates in descriptive texts, that verbalize auditory, olfactory, gustatory and tactile perception in the text of "description". General meaning connected all verbal predicates in descriptive texts is the meaning of existence. Intermodal verbal predicates express the space meaning implicitly in the descriptive text. The research results are correlated with "Explanatory Dictionary of Russian verbs" edited by L. Babenko and "Russian semantic dictionary" edited by N. Shvedova.


The method is to use a computer to find a function for the process that always has negative expectation by considering all relevant configurations of 0's and 1's at the boundary of a finite process in one dimension. It is shown that a branching annihilating random walk will die out if the diffusion parameter is greater than 0.176. The method may also be applied to attractive processes, and is used for the contact process in one dimension obtaining the same values as Ziezold and Grillenberger (1988) for up to 10 places in from the boundaries.


The influence of lugworms (Arenicola cristata Stimpson) and seagrass (Thalassia testudinum Koenig) on Kepone® (chlordecone) distribution in sediment/water systems was examined. Radiolabeled Kepone was introduced into continuous-flow sediment/water systems, and the dissolved and sorbed concentrations of Kepone were quantified. Lugworm activity decreased the Kepone concentration in the water and increased its concentration in the sediment. The presence of seagrasses did not appreciably affect the concentration of Kepone in the water. Bioturbation appeared to be the prime factor in the transport of Kepone from water to sediment.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variable work commitment and work stres, work discipline partially and simultaneously on the performance of employees of PT. Matahari Department Store. The population in this study were employees of PT. Matahari Department Store. which numbered 50 people with members of the population sampled as a whole by the questionnaire method.The test results show that work commitment, work stres and work discipline do not all have a positive effect on work effectiveness partially. This test also shows that commitment, work stres and work discipline have a significant and simultaneous effect on work effectiveness. The variables of work commitment, work stres and work discipline are 78.3% and the remaining 21.7%. Explained by other variables not included in this study


The differences in sentence structures between English and Chinese are obvious owing to the effects of eastern and western geography,history,culture and thinking patterns. Long sentences dominate English,in which passive voice is often applied and the subjects are usually inanimate objects. On the contrary,in Chinese,short sentences are frequently used and active voice is applied. The subjects in Chinese are human beings in many cases. These differences are evidently embodied in literary works. Therefore,the translation of literary works must be in consistent with the expressing habit of language users,instead of translating mechanically. Only when the differences in sentence structures between English and Chinese are considered and the sentence structures are changed properly,can the translation be more smooth and natural with no uncomfortable feelings.


The survey carried out by Paul Olomolaiye of Wolverhampton Polytechnic revealed a marked absence of structured planning in material useage on Nigerian construction sites and he concludes that the first step in improvement is to create awareness in the problem, particularly during the current economic climate.


We prove that on a closed surface, a Lagrangian system defined by a Tonelli Lagrangian <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml">
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</inline-formula> possesses infinitely many periodic orbits. These statements extend two results, respectively due to Taimanov and Abbondandolo–Macarini–Mazzucchelli–Paternain, valid for the special case of electromagnetic Lagrangians.


This study is a systematic analysis on the environmental magnetic properties, soil texture and distribution of heavy metals content in topsoil sampled from typical oasis cities in desert like Wuhai, Shizuishan and Yinchuan. The results indicated that the topsoil in Wuhai and Shizuishan is typical sandy soil, while that in Yinchuan is sandy loam. Magnetic properties of topsoil samples are all predominated by ferrimagnetic magnetic mineral (magnetite) of coarse pseudo single domain (PSD)-multi domain (MD) particles with magnetic susceptibility of 152 X 10(-8), 104X10(-8), and 117x10(-8)m(3).kg(-1) respectively for the three cities. The magnetic mineral content and magnetic particles size in topsoil samples of Wuhai are significantly higher than that of Shizuishan and Yinchuan. Pollution Load Index (PLI) of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe) showed that there is slight pollution in the three cities. Dotted distribution of high values of magnetic susceptibility and Pollution Load Index is shown in nonindustrial area, whilst planar distribution with high value is shown in industrial area. The correlation coefficient between magnetic parameters and heavy metals of topsoil in Wuhai is significantly higher than that in Shizuishan and Yinchuan, which suggests that magnetic parameters are more advantageous for evaluation on pollution degree in regions with single pollution source. There is an increase by the same degree in magnetic susceptibility in parallel with the increase of Pollution Load Index, despite of the significant difference of magnetic properties among three cities. Therefore, magnetic susceptibility can be used as the unified and effective substitute indicator to evaluate the pollution degree of heavy metals in topsoil of Ningxia plain.


Victoria University celebrated its national library technicians day by conducting a conference, award function and lectures. Many library technicians shared their experiences such as how they came to the profession, how they prepared for interviews and how they started library courses


A two-term model is proposed for hydrocarbon and N-containing π-radicals which are in close contact with one another. The first term is attractive (due to partially occupied frontier π-orbitals), and the second, repulsive (due to hard-core repulsion between close-lying atoms). This model is applied to dimers where intermolecular contacts are closer than <0.95 × the sum of the atomic van der Waals radii. The maximin principle is proposed. The maximin principle states that the lowest energy conformation maximizes overlap of the frontier orbitals while simultaneously minimizing intermolecular contacts. A Huckel Hamiltonian, the μ2-Hamiltonian, which contains the above attractive and repulsive terms, is applied. The interaction surfaces of two π-hydrocarbon radical cations were calculated for the three systems known crystallographically to contain cations in close contact:  naphthalene, fluoranthene, and pyrene. The global minima of these surfaces correspond to the experimentally determined structures. The μ2...


STRUCTURE AND SENTIMENT, by Rodney Needham, is a critique of the Homans and Schneider2 theory of unilateral cross-cousin marriage. In his book Needham3 claims to have "wrecked" Homans and Schneider's theory and to have provided a valid alternative inits place. This paper demonstrates hat Needham accomplished neither of his objectives. Needham is concerned with Homans and Schneider's theory as it relates to ideas developed by Claude Levi-Strauss in Les Structures AlEmentaires de la Parente.4 Homans and Schneider a e concerned with presenting a formulation alternative toLevi-Strauss's explanation for the greater incidence of matrilateral over patrilateral cross-cousin marriage. Levi-Strauss maintains that matrilateral cross-cousin marriage is the more frequent because it produces "organic solidarity" among intermarrying groups whereas patrilateral cross-cousin marriage presumably either does not or does so to a lesser degree. I have elsewhere ferred tothis type of explanation as a formal-cause theory.5 Such an explanation is concerned merely with stating the relations that exist among a system of elements ata given time. Homans and Schneider, however, efer to Levi-Strauss's explanation as a "final-cause" theory, defining final-cause a follows:


The issue to be addressed in this article is the limited exploration thus far of how rural women in Latin America themselves define and interpret the world around them and what meaning, if any, they attach to key terms employed by researchers concerned with development issues. A review of the literature reveals that despite the great strides made in the last two decades in understanding Latin American women as rural producers, research to date has dealt with the questions of gender ideology and identity in an extremely limited way. Two potential directions for future research will be suggested here: a critical reassessment of some of the analytical categories that have been taken as givens, and a focus on the social-political construction of gender identity and experience from the point of view of rural women. To explore the possibilities of these suggestions, the phrase "division of labor by sex" will be analyzed in light of recent anthropological and feminist contributions to other (primarily non-Latin American) areas of the literature. A second point that will be discussed is how life stories, when collected self-critically, can reveal the potential tension between the active negotiation of meaning by analysts and by the rural women they interview. I will argue that these new directions in research are essential if scholars are to appreciate varying interpretations of development.


The sewage economy in numerous villages in Poland and small cities is not well organized. The most common method of removing sewage from apartment and farm buildings is collecting sewage in the septic tank, then transporting it in a sewage truck to a sewage treatment plant, sometimes on a field or to a ditch. Such a sewage system is expensive in the exploitation, the septic tanks are often leaky and improperly exploited. Sewages and sludge, carried away on field without disinfection, create a big sanitary risk because of the presence of pathogenic bacteria and eggs of parasites. Expansion of the country water supply system and increase of the sanitary facilities standard in flats evoked the increase of the sewage amount in households. The construction of cumulative systems to collect and neutralize sewage is impossible in many cases because of buildings dispersion, disadvantages of the terrain topography and big investment costs. In these conditions a small sewage treatment plant can be an alternative. Small sewage treatment plants on country areas are recommended to apply on terrains where the buildings are very dispersed, so the construction of sewage systems is economically ungrounded. Sewage can be carried away to ground if comes from detached houses, located outside of the underground water intake protection zones and when the quantity of sewage does not exceed 5,0 m⋅d (ROZPORZ DZENIE MINISTRA RODOWISKA [ORDER OF THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT] 2006). There is also assumed an optimal unit quantity of sewage on one inhabitant: in small settlement units (village) q = 120 dm⋅d in big settlement units (city) q = 200 dm⋅d (PN-EN 752-4, 2001). The purpose of the elaboration is to assess the effectiveness of sewage treatment in the ground bed (gravel) with assisting layer (dolomite) under subsurface sewage disposal field.


. This article for the first time presents an algorithm for satellite picking that iterationally optimizes the coverage area of the Middle Earth Orbit Location User Terminal (MEOLUT). The mathematical simulation performance results of the existing MEOLUTs with four and six antennas when they detect a fixed and slow moving beacon are presented. It is shown that the MEOLUT with four antennas cannot locate slow moving beacons with the required accuracy while the MEOLUT with six antennas is capable of meeting requirements working with fixed and slow moving beacons. A mathematical simulation of the MEOLUT coverage area depending on the number of antennas at the MEOLUT and an algorithm for satellite picking are presented. These results are to determine the minimum number of antennas that allow one to reach the desirable coverage area. It is noticed that this number of antennas can be obtained either by installing antennas or by the process of the measurements exchange with the nearest MEOLUTs.


A short overview given bellow, related to military R&D policy, but not limited only at this area, especially
having in mind the item 2 and item 4 of this paper, depicts the low level of financial support as well as even low
level of consideration of using developed R&D capacities advantages within the industrial process
(military/civilian). A proper way ahead could be increasing of national (governmental) founds dedicated on
R&D capacities, especially in the industrial process, based on the priorities mentioned in item 8 or a
consolidated version of these main priorities appropriate to national industry (state or private sector), but not
limited only on the relying on these funds. It will be grate advantage to use also the International Organisatons,
Nongovernmental Organisations, multilateral cooperation projects and bilateral cooperation programs funds for
this purpose i.e. supporting the industrial R&D projects as it is case with some agricultural projects, electrical
power and water supply projects, clean environment (ecological) and communities confidence building
projects. etc. It is to convince the projects allocation funds decision makers on the benefit of some industrial
R&D and technological development projects.


Deeply concerning pedestrians plight in urban jungles in China,this paper first discusses the pedestrian characteristics,impact factors,walking speed,and walking environment.By analyzing the causes of serious problems in lack of pedestrian facilities from urban planning and transportation planning,the paper pointes out that the current urban and transportation planning and land use development segregates urban structure and pedestrian space.Finally,the paper states that there is an urgent need to review the designing specifications of pedestrian facilities and reevaluating urban structure from perspective of sustainable development and planning with human focus.


The influence of the weight of grog on some refractory properties of raw Abusoro clay samples found in Abusoro Village, Ondo State, Nigeria was evaluated. These samples were presented for refractory tests (apparent porosity, linear shrinkage, refractoriness, bulk density and cold crushing strength). The weights of the grog were varied from 20-40 wt. % in the blend. The chemical and microstructural examinations of the untreated alumino-silicate Abusoro clay samples indicated that they are abundant in silica, SiO2 (62.74wt. %) and alumina, Al2O3 (31.42wt. %). Other minor compounds found are Fe2O3 (1.43%), K2O (0.30%) with no trace amounts of MgO (0.00); therefore, they are regarded as alumino-silicate. Particular observation is made on MgO with zero amounts and the total of K2O + Na2O + MgO which are less than 2% in the clay samples. These results signify that the clay possesses high viability for manufacturing of refractory bricks, pulp and paper, ceramics, fertilizers, paint and cement. The performance evaluations of the refractory bricks measured indicated acceptable and satisfactory results vis-à-vis standard refractory properties for Original Research Article Aluko and Ikubuwaje; AIR, 21(9): 180-191, 2020; Article no.AIR.58995 181 refractory fireclay bricks. However, the apparent porosity (43.2%) and CCS (21.21MPa) obtained for Abusoro clay sample at 30% weight of grog may as well be suitable for insulating refractory applications. The high apparent porosity could be an indication of high content of silicon oxide in the raw clay.


Yongkoo Kim analyzes the diplomatic relationship between Korea and Japan during the period of the formation of modern nation-states in the nineteenth century. In doing so, three main issues are explored such as: the nature of the Korean-Japanese diplomatic relations institutionalized and stabilized for several hundred years as a peculiar international system, kyorin (dealing with the neighbor); this system's connections to the broader China-centered international system of East Asia, sadae (serving the superior); and the specific diplomatic processes of the "clash" between the international order of East Asia (sadae-kyorin) and that of Western international law.


This paper proposed a single inductor bipolar outputs (SIBO) switching converter for the active matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode (AMOLED). The negative voltage is generated by the inverting buck-boost converter, which is regulated by the high signal-to-noise ratio comparator. Moreover, the boost converter is utilized to provide the positive output voltage. The proposed switching converter uses the switch sequential to reduce the positive voltage ripple to about 5 mV with the proportional-integral (PI) compensator to guarantee good line and load-regulation. Simulation results show the positive output voltage is regulated to 5V and the negative output voltage is −7V for driving the AMOLED. When the load current is 25 mA and the ESR is 30mΩ, the output voltage ripples are equal to 5 mV and 11 mV for positive and negative voltages, respectively. Besides, the load and line regulations of positive output voltage are 0.24 mV/mA and 5 mV/V, respectively. The maximum efficiency is 88.5% when the input voltage is 4.5 V and the load current is 50mA


In this article we obtain Holder estimates for solutions to second-order Hamilton-Jacobi equations with super-quadratic growth in the gradient and unbounded source term. The estimates are uniform with respect to the smallness of the diffusion and the smoothness of the Hamiltonian. Our work is in the spirit of a result by P. Cardaliaguet and L. Silvestre [5]. We utilize De Giorgi's method, which was introduced to this class of equations in [6].


Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors targeted therapy is the forward position means for non-small cell lung cancer.However,acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors limits the development of targeted drugs.Using existing data on drug resistance in EGFR-mutant lung cancer,this review discusses three basic approaches for overcoming resistance to EGFR-targeted therapies:intensification of EGFR inhibition,combination of EGFR inhibitors with other targeted therapies,and altering clinical management via alternate pathways.

Key words:
Lung neoplasms;  Receptor, epidermal growth factor;  Drug resistance;  Inhibitors


The utility model discloses a chip removal device for a machine tool. The chip removal device for the machine tool consists of an enclosure, a driving wheel set, a speed reduction motor, a conveying chain plate and a chip guide plate, wherein one end of the conveying chain plate is arranged in the enclosure, and the other end of the conveying chain plate is arranged in the chip guide plate; inner chip retaining plates are arranged on the inner sides of the two ends of the chip guide plate respectively; outer chip retaining plates are arranged on the left and right sides above the left end of the chip guide plate; the inner chip retaining plates are fixedly arranged on the inner side of the chip guide plate; the outer chip retaining plates are fixedly arranged above the left end of the chip guide plate. Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the chip removal device is simple in structure and convenient to use, tiny metal flying chips are prevented from falling into the chip removal device for the machine tool, and the service life of the chip removal device is prolonged.