Under microwave irradiation conditions, the imines/ enamines formed between aminopyridines and ketones are converted in moderate to good yields to the corresponding 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-azaindoles via the Hegedus-Mori-Heck reaction (intramolecular Heck reaction). A systematic examination of all isomeric azaindoles synthesis revealed this one-pot procedure to be general in scope.


Palladium catalysts which showed premature deactivation under technical conditions were studied by means of inelastic incoherent neutron scattering (INS) spectroscopy revealing the cause of the poisoning to be a surface-bound methyl group.


Learning about punctuation - an introduction and overview, Nigel Hall invented punctuation, Yetta Goodman and Prisca Martens Vicki's story - a seven-year-old's use and understanding of punctuation, Holly Anderson just periods and exclamation points - the continued development of children's knowledge about punctuation, Sandra Wilde conversations with teachers about punctuation, Anne Robinson learning about punctuation -a look at one lesson, Nadeen Ruiz who says what? learning to "read" the punctuation of direct speech, Katharine Perera Linguistics and the logic of non-standard punctuation, Roz Ivanic.


The results of dark matter searches with the MACRO experiment are reported. In particular indirect searches for WIMP's and direct searches for supermassive GUT magnetic monopoles are reported together with massive neutrino studies through the measurement of the oscillation induced anomalies in the atmospheric neutrino flux.


Background: Metacarpal fractures comprise approximately 35.5% of cases in daily emergencies, mostly due to road traffic accidents, fall, and assault. The main goal of treatment is to achieve the strong bony union without any functional disability. Aim of the study was evaluation of functional outcome of metacarpal fractures managed by operative techniques and to compare the efficacy of different operative techniques.Methods: A total of 50 patients managed by various operative techniques by using k-wires, screws and plates. Functional outcome was assessed by using total active movement (TAM) and disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) scoring system at 6th week, 3rd month and at 6th month.Results: A total 47 fractures united and three fractures mal-united at the time of final assessment. Overall excellent and good results were achieved in 94% cases.Conclusions: Our finding suggests that open reduction and internal fixation with k-wire is most preferable method among all other operative techniques.


In vitro study was conducted to test the effect of humic acid on egg hatching and juvenile mortality of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita at four different concentrations viz., 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%. Lowest number of juveniles hatched and highest number of dead juveniles were recorded at high concentration of 0.4%. Two glass house studies were carried out to test the effect of humic acid as soil application and root dipping against M. incognita on tomato. Humic acid when applied as root dipping at higher concentration of 0.4% significantly increased the plant growth parameters of tomato and also reduced the number of galls and egg masses/plant and final soil population of the nematode.


We appreciate interest in our article and are particularly grateful that Durkin et al. highlighted the importance of considering parameterization in research on parental age and autism. Making sense of parental age has always been complicated because homophily on age plays a significant role in partner selection. The decomposition presented in our article mitigates these statistical problems. As Durkin et al. noted, our decomposition utilizes a continuous parameterization of parental age. It also eliminates problems arising from multicollinearity and provides a means of assessing whether the effects of maternal and paternal age on autism risk are joint or independent. We hope that future work will pay greater attention to choice of parameterization, as parental age appears particularly sensitive to specification.

The decomposition results prove more stable than the categorical results. Our analyses demonstrate that the instability of the categorical age results for autism could lead to erroneous conclusions in pooled data. For instance, in 1995 both the estimates from the maternal and paternal cohort analyses differed from the pooled estimate by more than 20%. In the pooled data there appears to be a critical crossover in the effect of maternal and paternal age in that year. In fact, the cohort data reveals a 44% difference in risk. Similarly, there is more than a 10% difference in risk between the pooled and cohort estimate for paternal age in 2000. Here, again, the risk associated with maternal age exceeds that of paternal age in the cohort data. The opposite appears to be the case in the analysis of the pooled data.

What should one conclude from this? First, different analyses conducted at different points in time and with different analysis strategies can lead to different conclusions about risk factors. Second, analyses that do not suffer from the statistical fallacies produced by pooling categorical data demonstrate that maternal age, rather than paternal age, may pose greater risk. Are these differences meaningful? Given that individuals may make life choices on the basis of these reports, our sense is that they are.

Durkin et al. are absolutely right about the need to be sensitive to model specification. We agree completely. We also think it critical to be attentive to temporality. Although this is true for all research, it appears to be particularly true for autism, because the size and the composition of the population with autism has changed over time.1


Any drug treatment is always a balance of benefits and risks for the individual treated. However, during pregnancy, mothers become more vulnerable to certain drugs. Additionally the baby is also at risk from drug treatment during this period as certain drugs can cross over the placenta from the mother to the baby affecting development and growth. The effect of any substance on a pregnant woman also depends on her mental and physical condition. A mother will be more prone to the adverse effects of drugs if she has poor nutrition, is excessively overweight, is an alcoholic, a drug addict, a smoker or suffers from a chronic disease such as diabetes or high blood pressure.


Nowadays we have seen various AC-AC converters using IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) whe re various number of IGBTs switches are used. This type of conv erter is connected grid to the connected load. There are hug e amount of losses if a large number of IGBT switches is used. U sing reduced-switch-count converters in power electronic s ystems is necessary for the numerous advantages such as low co st, low weight and volume, and high reliability offered by t hem. In this thesis paper, we proposed a Three-Phase to Three-Pha se (ACAC) Converter which we used minimum number of switches. Here we use few active switches and few diodes and we ca n find out the lowest number of active switches among threephase to three-phase AC/AC converters that offers sinusoidal input and output, unity power factor and more importantly, low manufacturing cost. Due to minimize the voltage rip ple of the DC link the analysis of sizing of the DC link capacitor s is performed and capacitor sizes are chosen. The analysis and si mulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed AC/AC c onverter.


This article discusses how middle-class homeowners in urban China have made advancement in collective interest representation and thus protection of private property rights in more systematic ways: not just by contending but by participating in public policy process. This is quite salient in their participation in relevant legislation, from the Property Law in 2007 to the Ordinance on Property Management in Beijing in 2010 and a new version of property management-related local legislation underway. Further investigation of this topic sheds lights on theoretical issues of in what ways and to what extents the state-society interaction in contemporary China is evolving.


Biometric verification system is the crux of almost every security mechanism these days and failure of a biometric system can lead to grievous issues. The objective of this study is to identify the consequences when biometric verification fails during ATM transaction and hence suggest a novel enhancement mechanism for it. The security of ATM transactions can be further strengthened using the PII (Personal Identification Image) method. The proposed security algorithm is called OTPIP (One Time Password using Image Processing) and involves two phases. The first one is a verification phase which is done using biometric systems. In case of failure of biometrics, code verification is done. This is followed by the PII phase. These two phases ensure two-tier security of ATM machine and thereby introduce a foolproof safety mechanism.


Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of 4 varicella outbreaks at 2 schools in Guangyang District,Langfang City,and to discuss the measures of preventing and controlling varicella in collective units.Methods A case study was conducted among the patients of rash and fever illness in the two schools,and descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the characteristics of varicella outbreaks.Results The four epidemic situation belonged to outbreak in local areas.4681 children which included 307 patients were influenced,and the average incident rates was 6.56%.The patients were 4-11 years old mostly,and took varicella in winter or spring.The time of outbreak reports to local center for disease control and prevention were unequal,with the fastest one of the right day that the case was found and the slowest one of 10 days after the case was found.The epidemic situations were controlled effectively after taking the measures of quarantine and antisepsis.Conclusion The emphases of control and emergency response of communicable diseases are finding,reporting and taking measures in time,and the key point is to take measure of health prevention,quarantine and family observation.


Modeling provides a tool for a better understanding of the modified plant behaviour that results from various climatic differences. The present study provides new information about the physiological processes in maize (Zea mays L.) in response to climatic changes. The aim was to help local farmers adapt to climate modifications in Hungary and mitigate the future consequences of these changes. A simulation model was applied to estimate the possible feedback on crop properties and elevated CO2. Increased CO2 and warming increased the ratio of energy converted into sensible heat. At canopy level, warming and elevated CO2 strengthened the influence of an external rise in air temperature. It was cooler inside the stand, as the canopy was able to compensate for external warming. Doubled CO2 concentration had a positive influence on photosynthesis when rainfall remained unchanged. Precipitation shortage decreased the positive effects of warming and elevated CO2. Considering the sensitivity of the photosynthetic process to meteorological factors, a gain in maize production with climate modification is not probable in Hungary.


The theory of the stress dependence of the diode current in the exhausted condition, developed previously, is extended to that in the non-exhausted condition. The current changes due to stress are calculated for the main crystallographic orientations by taking into account the changes in the minority carrier concentrations and in the minority carrier mobilities. The changes in the minority carrier concentrations are calculated by taking into account the shifts in the shallow impurity levels. The results of the exhausted condition are also valid in the non-exhausted condition at room temperature. At lower temperatures, in general, the stress dependence of the minority electron concentration np overcomes that of the minority hole concentration pn. In Si, the stress dependence of the diode current of the diode in which np is much greater than pn, is larger than that of the diode in which pn is much greater than np.


Three strains of infectious bronchitis viruses (IBVs), designated VNUA3, VNUA8 and VNUA11, were isolated from diseased/infected chickens in Hanoi, Thainguyen, and Haiphong provinces of Vietnam. These birds had received a live IBV vaccination but still suffered from infectious bronchitis. VNUA3, VNUA8 and VNUA11 harbor cleavage sites (RRTGR, HRRRR, and HRRKR, respectively) within the S protein. A BLASTN search revealed that the S gene of VNUA3, VNUA8, and VNUA11 showed the highest nucleotide identity with those of IBV strains CK/Italy/I2022/13, CK/CH/LHLJ/08-6, and GX-NN120084, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on the S gene nucleotide sequences revealed that VNUA3, VNUA8 and VNUA11 clustered with Q1-like, QX-like and TC07-2-like genotypes, respectively, and were closely related to reference IBV strains from China. However, the Vietnam IBVs showed high divergence from vaccine strains 4/91 and Ma5, which are used in the Vietnamese farms from which the isolates were obtained. Taken together, these results indicate that at least three genotypes of IBV are circulating among chickens in North Vietnam. This is the first report of the molecular epidemiology of IBV in Vietnam. (


In this paper we assess the independence of the optimization of source and channel coding parameters. We propose a method to separate the source and channel coding optimization as much as possible while maintaining the possibility of joint optimization. We theoretically derive key parameters that must be passed through an interface between source and channel coding. This separation greatly reduces the complexity of the optimization problem and enhances the flexibility.


1 Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BritiSh Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada. Address reprint requests to H. J. Burhenne, Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, 855 W. 12th Ave., Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada. 2 Department of Surgery, Wiversity of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada. 1121


Based on the results of the study described the point sample method applied to stopped delay is recommended as a good manual measurement technique to analyze the performance of signalized intersections. The true value of stopped delay may then be obtained by multiplying the result of the direct measure by 0.92, and an estimate of approach delay may be obtained by multiplying the true value of stopped delay by 1.3.


Thank you for reading principles of social and political theory. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite novels like this principles of social and political theory, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious bugs inside their desktop computer. principles of social and political theory is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the principles of social and political theory is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Securely precoded OFDM (SP-OFDM) is a newly proposed secure and efficient anti-jamming scheme designed to enhance the physical layer security of OFDM based 4G and 5G systems under hostile environments. In this paper, by exploiting tools in constrained functional optimization, we explore the worst jamming distribution that minimizes the channel capacity of SP-OFDM under practical assumptions, where the transmitted symbols are uniformly distributed over a finite alphabet, and the jamming interference is subject to an average power constraint, but may or may not have a peak power constraint. First, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the worst jamming distribution. Second, by analyzing the Kuhn-Tucker conditions for the worst jamming, we prove that the worst jamming distribution is discrete in amplitude with a finite number of mass points, either with or without peak power constraints. Numerical results are provided on the worst jamming distribution and the minimum channel capacity under disguised jamming. It is shown that the minimum channel capacity of SP-OFDM is guaranteed to be positive under the worst disguised jamming, while the minimum capacity of the traditional OFDM under disguised jamming is zero. Both our theoretical and numerical results demonstrate the robustness of SP-OFDM and also reveal its performance lower bound under disguised jamming.


[Abstract] Gardner identifies different learning intelligences, and individual profiles, while Kolb and others identify learning styles. This paper compares and contrasts these views on adult learning differences, identify the common patterns that emerge, classify the learning styles of individual adult learners based on their profiles and interests, and create a table of learning styles and profiles, based on hobby and interests.


Over the past two decades, academia has witnessed numerous tools and search engines which facilitate the retrieval procedure in the literature review process and aid researchers to review the literature with more ease and accuracy. These tools mostly work based on a simple textual input which supposedly encapsulates the primary keywords in the desired research areas. Such tools mainly suffer from the following shortcomings: (i) they rely on textual search queries that are expected to reflect all the desired keywords and concepts, and (ii) shallow results which makes following a paper through time via citations a cumbersome task. In this paper, we introduce GRASP, a search engine that retrieves scientific papers starting from a sub-graph query provided by the user, offering (i) a list of time papers based on the query and (ii) a graph with papers and authors as vertices and edges being cited and published-by. GRASPhas been created using a Neo4j graph database, based on DBLP and AMiner corpora provided by their API. Acting performance evaluation by asking ten computer science experts, we demonstrate how GRASPcan efficiently retrieve and rank the most related papers based on the user's input.


This study aimed to analyse the relationship between the Kaimosi Rural Service Programme's (RSP) mission objectives and its activities in Vihiga Sub-county County (formerly Hamisi district). The contingency theory guided this study, which shows how factors interact in an interdependent manner to produce either positive or negative results. The analysis adopted a descriptive survey research design where the relationship between the NGO's mission objectives and its activities was investigated. This study applied two approaches: qualitative and quantitative, to collect data. The analysing unit was made up of the RSP staff and field officers, key informants and twelve Community-Based Organisations (CBOs), six from each of the two divisions of Vihiga Sub county. The study used both probability and non-probability. Data was obtained through focus group discussions, questionnaires, and observation schedules. Data collected was processed and analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Tables and figures were used to summarise the findings. The study revealed that RSP is meeting its objectives. However, it still faces the challenge of matching its mission and its operations on the ground. If the decisions made affect some staff, this can be a point of contention within the organisation. Furthermore large percentage of respondents was of the view that the organisation structure is closed.


Abstract : The Titan 3C Standard Space Launch Vehicle, starting with Vehicle 26, will use the Carousel VB Inertial Guidance System for navigation, guidance, and digital flight controls. This guidance system consists of a Carousel VB Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and a MAGIC 352 Missile Guidance Computer (MGC), both manufactured by Delco Electronics, General Motors Corporation. The C-VB IMU is a modification of the C-IVB inertial navigator currently in airline service as a primary navigation system. A unique feature of the Carousel IMU is that two of the three gyro/accelerometer sets are revolved a 1 rpm with respect to the stable platform. The effect is to partially cancel certain instrument errors associated with the revolving instruments. Coversion of this instrument from commercial airline navigation service to guidance and control of the rocket boost vehicle presented a guidance software design task that is the subject of this paper.


A brief review is given of work performed in the Netherlands in the field of aeronautical fatigue. Where possible, applicable references have been presented.


The instrument proposed includes a device with which the speed distribution of gas-phase particles of a material can be determined, the mass of the gas-phase particles also being determined either simultaneously or with a given time lag. Given the particle mass and speed distribution, the absolute temperature can then be calculated using Maxwell's speed-distribution curve.


Let G denote a discrete group of finite cohomological dimension. Calculating the cohomology of such groups is notoriously difficult, involving complicated geometric information attached to the group. For example, the cohomology of torsion-free arithmetic groups involves delicate questions about symmetric spaces and number theory. Perhaps the key difficulty lies in that there is no practical method for building up the Ž cohomology of G from that of its subgroups such as one can do for finite . groups . In this paper we outline a method for constructing non-trivial classes in U Ž . Ž . H G, F where F denotes a field with p elements based on the use of p p finite automorphism groups of G. Given an explicit presentation for G, Ž . Aut G can often be approached, and in particular its finite subgroups are sometimes accessible. Furthermore, it is an elementary observation that many interesting classes of groups admit numerous finite symmetries. An obvious but very important example is given by a normal torsion-free subgroup G in an arithmetic group U; any finite subgroup K : U will act on it via conjugation. Ž . Given G : Aut G , we can form the semidirect product G s G = G. w Let H : G denote a finite subgroup mapping onto G under the natural Ž . Ž . projection map. Then C H s C H l G : G and in the particular case G G Ž . < .4 when H s 1, x x g G , we have that


The term endemic is used to denote a species, genus or other group confined to a small area like Single Island, a group of islands, a mountain chain or a comparatively small country like South Africa or West Australia, largely bounded by sea or by a marked alteration of climate. A plant may be said to endemic to a certain state, to a country or to a continent. Although there is no country or islands that have all its species endemic, yet it is very common to find genera with all their species endemic. The present paper deals with types of endemic, habitat for endemics, factor responsible for endemism and endemism in Uttar Pradesh and India.


Windtunnel investigation of icing of an inclined cylinder Users may access full items free of charge; copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational or notforprofit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided: • The authors, title and full bibliographic details is credited in any copy; • A hyperlink and/or URL is included for the original metadata page; and • The content is not changed in any way. Abstract The effects of varying the angle of wind velocity and axis of a cylindrical icing object around all of the three mutually perpendicular axes are studied experimentally. The mass, shape and profile of ice accretion obtained in a horizontal icing wind tunnel are investigated as functions of cylinder inclination. The icing object is exposed to two types of aerosol cloud, which are created by different procedures: (i) injecting small droplets horizontally into cold air flow, (ii) injecting vertically falling large droplets into cold air flow; so that the resulting conditions simulate in-cloud icing and freezing rain, respectively. Observations reveal the effects of varying each angle on the mass, shape and profile of ice accreted under both conditions. experiments Nomenclature l unit length of cylinder m ice mass 0 ,α CI m ice mass obtained under in-cloud icing (CI) conditions with increased liquid water content (LWC) for


Objective: To study the effects of thyroid hormone on cardiac function and myocardial Na + /Ca2+exchanger expression ( (NCX1) in rat with heart failure. Methods: A total of 120 SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n = 40) , heart failure group (HF group, n = 40) and thyroid hormone treated group (THT group, n = 40). The heart failure model was established by ligating the abdominal aorta. The BL -420E biological function experimental system was used to acquire the hemodynamic parameters. The immunohistochemistry and Western blotting using monocolonal and -NCX1 antibody were performed to study the Na+/Ca2+exchanger expression. Results: (1) The left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and ±dp/dtmax of either HF group or THT group were significantly lower com- paring with those of the control group(P0. 01,0. 05). The LVSP and ±dp/dtmaxof THT were significantly higher than those of HF group (P0. 01) . The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in HF group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P0. 01), and the LVEDP of THT group were significantly lower than that of the HF group (P0. 01); (2) The number of the NCX1 positive staining of unit area (200 times eyesight/ 0. 442mm2) in control group, HF group and THT group were 8. 3±1. 5, 24. 1±4. 5 and 15. 6±2. 9 respectively. There were significant differences among different groups (P0. 01); (3) In Western blotting analysis, the density of the band in the control group was 13. 7±2. 4, in the HF group was 32. 4±5. 5, and in the THT group was 20. 2± 3. 9, the difference among different group was significant (P0. 01). Conclusion: The results indicated that the thyroid hormone may improve the cardiac function of the failure heart by suppressing the over expression of NCX1.


This paper describes a theoretical model for the prediction of cutting forces and machining error in ball end milling of inclined flat surfaces. The instantaneous cutting forces are evaluated based on the uncut chip geometry and the properties of tool and workpiece material. The theory of oblique cutting is employed in this analysis, since the cutting edge of the ball end mill is helical, The machining errors at various parts of the machined surface are evaluated based on tool deflections. This analysis is carried out for various tool-feed directions along the inclined surface. The effects of various cutting conditions on cutting forces and machining error are investigated and discussed. In order to verify the theoretical results experiments are carried out in ball end milling of 0.5% carbon steel. The experimental and theoretical results compare fairly well.


The studies of ammonolysis process of waste 1,2-dichloropropane using liquid ammonia in the presence of CuO as a catalyst have been performed. The technological parameters allowing the highest yield of 1,2-diaminopropane at the complete conversion of 1,2-dichloropropane have been established. The statistical methods of the design of experiments were utilized. The influence of the molar ratio of ammonia to 1,2-dichloropropane on temperature and reaction time and of the catalyst concentration on the course of the process was examined. The results were presented in the form of polynomials of the second order (regression equations) describing the influence of mentioned factors (technological parameters) on the conversion of NH3 and 1,2-dichloropropane and the selectivity of transformation to 1,2-diaminopropane in relation to consumed 1,2-dichloropropane.


This study is the second part of a research project aiming at investigating important issues and factors relating to the success of a knowledge-base expert system (KBES) development. Each factor has several surrogate items as dependent variables used to measure certain aspects of the factor. Using angular fuzzy sets, values of the surrogate items can be quantitatively determined and items with values less than one are regarded as weak items. Deployment of corrective action is therefore required to enhance weak items. Despite the limitations of the study, it is believed that it represents one of the first attempts to identify and address the determinants of KBES success in the construction industry. Cette etude constitue la deuxieme partie d'un projet de recherches concu pour la determination des principaux criteres et facteurs de succes d'un systeme expert. Chacun des facteurs comporte plusieurs elements suppleants, du fait que des variables dependantes sont utilisees pour mesurer certains aspects du fact...


The study focuses on the links between innovation and internationalisation of the firm. The aim of the research is to determine the impact of innovative processes on the process of internationalisation of the firm. For the needs of the implementation of this study, the available literature of the subject and its constructive critics was used. The concept of innovation, innovation potential and innovativeness are discussed, taking into account the different approaches and changes (trends) as to their interpretations. Innovative activities in foreign markets seem to be a natural consequence of the innovation processes carried out by the firm, which is perfectly illustrated by I-models (innovation-related models). Undertaking innovative activity by firms results in the introduction of these businesses to international markets, and innovations become the main element of innovation-based internationalisation models as well as international entrepreneurship models. In contemporary economic conditions, innovation processes and business internationalisation processes become increasingly visible and co-dependent, creating a new dimension of entrepreneurship – international entrepreneurship. The article concentrates on one of three dimensions of international entrepreneurial orientation (IEO), which is innovativeness. It shows how the implementation of new ideas and new solutions stimulates the internationalisation process of the firm, which per se is treated as one of five forms of innovation – entering or opening new markets.


The general formulas for computing actual shielding factors of high-conductivity overhead ground wires hung on power and tele-communication lines are given. These formulas are derived from a system of finite difference equations representing the relation between the currents in successive sections of the multiply-grounded shielding conductors, and the subsequent substitution of terminal conditions corresponding to the particular circuit arrangement under consideration. It is found that the actual shielding factor can be written as the sum of the intrinsic shielding factor t0 and a correction term evaluating the effect of finite conductance of the ground connections. It is also shown that the shielding factor formulas given in Engineering Report No. 26 of the joint subcommitte on development and research of the Edison electric institute and the Bell telephone system are only special cases of the general formulas given in this article.


The number of children who die from preventable diseases by vaccines recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) is approximately 1,5 million. With increasing vaccine hesitancy in recent years, there is concern about this increase. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of the patients and their relatives who applied to Firat University Hospital. In this cross-sectional study, at the entrance of Prof. Dr. M. Said Berilgen Polyclinics, the patients and their relatives who get information about the stand opened due to World Vaccine Week in 2018 were taken. 283 people were reached in the survey. 34.6% of the participants were women, 83.0% were married and 80.6% were children. 28.6% of the participants were primary school graduates, 27.1% were high school graduates. The question "Who is/are protected by the vaccine?"; 85.9% of those with high school or higher education level, 73.1% of those with secondary school or lower education level, have answered "me and society" and there is a statistically significant difference between them (p<0.05). Those who think that the Ministry of Health is enlightening the public about vaccines is 55.4% in the education level of the lower than high school, 38.7% of those with high school and above were statistically significant (p<0.05). 31.4% of the participants stated that vaccination should be left to the family's wishes. There is a need to increase awareness of the society about vaccines, to encourage the media and the Internet to provide more accurate information and to increase the audits.


Composite repairs on pressurized equipment, piping and pipeline in offshore facilities have become increasingly common due to its benefits in terms of cheaper cost and faster repair time, which generally leads to avoidance of potential production downtime. PETRONAS has developed a roadmap which is in alignment with currently available international code and standard references on integrity assurance program for composite repairs, such as ISO 24817. This roadmap seeks to manage the risks involved during all phases of a composite repair program (i.e. pre-installation, during installation, post installation and periodic monitoring). It focuses on five primary elements namely: 1. inspection tools evaluation including desktop evaluation, technology demonstration, pilot program implementation, and summary of inspection methodologies, 2. Governance establishment covering development of company guideline, 3. Competency management enhancement via personnel training, certification schemes, and roles and responsibilities establishment, 4. Procedure, planning, implementation & monitoring, and 5. Continuous improvement via assurance programs and management review. This paper summarizes some of the efforts undertaken, and future plans to support each of the abovementioned phases as part of a comprehensive solution for the integrity assurance of composite repairs in offshore facilities.


Control law partitioning is a widely used concept that incorporates a mathematical model of the plant into the control system. This is both an advantage and disadvantage. With an accurate model, the system control is much more robust and easy to manage. However, with a complex nonlinear system, an accurate mathematical model can be very difficult to obtain. A fuzzy logic controller can be developed that makes use of empirically derived data thereby accurately modeling the plant without the necessity of a mathematical model. Tuning such a controller to the empirical data can be problematic, so a tuning algorithm is used to adjust the controller parameters for optimal performance. In this paper, a fourth-order system is used as a demonstration plant, a fuzzy logic controller is developed using a very fast offline tuning algorithm, and the performance of the resulting controller is examined.


Building on a number of recent studies that have turned to Hobbes in light of covid-19, I explore the context of Hobbes' own encounters with plague while at Oxford, along with efforts to mitigate plague by the regime of James I. I then explore what role his encounters with plague may have played as he wrote his philosophical masterpiece, Leviathan.


The purpose of this study was to access the accuracy of cortical bone trajectory screw placement guided by spinous process clamp (SPC).


A common design pattern in Internet of Things (IoT) deployments is the
use of a constrained device that collects data via sensors or controls
actuators for use in home automation, industrial control systems,
smart cities, and other IoT deployments. This document defines a
Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Datagram Transport Layer Security
(DTLS) 1.2 profile that offers communications security for this data
exchange thereby preventing eavesdropping, tampering, and message
forgery. The lack of communication security is a common vulnerability
in IoT products that can easily be solved by using these well-
researched and widely deployed Internet security protocols.


It is described the surgical interruption of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in ten premature newborn patients with cardiac insufficiency and/or respiratory distress syndrome. The authors mention the technical factors that they consider important to have good results with these fragile infants, as the use of local anesthesia; to perform the procedure in the neonatal intensive care unit, the extrapleural dissection of the ductus, etc. The post-operative care problems are analyzed and this experience is compared with reports from other authors.


Abstract In recent decade, there has been an increasing rate of international students all over the world, but little is known about the marital life of this population. The need to understand graduate students' intentions to pursue an academic career has become more important over the years. While International students' cross-cultural adjustment has received considerable attention in the sojourner literature, there is a paucity of research that addresses the unique challenges faced by the married international students. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the empirical findings of various studies that explore factors which contribute to problems of married international students, and have an integrated perspective on the problems that this population faces during their study. The results revealed that acculturation stress, financial stress and social support are the utmost problems that international couples experience. This study offers suggestions for universities to provide facilities that would decrease international students' marital problems; also to prepare workshops to increase couples' knowledge of different conflict resolution methods which would be helpful to avoid conflict during their study abroad. Keywords : marital relationship, international students, socio cultural adjustment, academic problem


The purpose of this paper is to introduce new types of contraction condition for a pair of maps $(S,T)$ in metric spaces. We give convergence and existence results of best proximity points of such maps in the setting of uniformly convex Banach spaces. Moreover, we obtain existence theorems of best proximity points for such contraction pairs in reflexive Banach spaces. Our results generalize, extend and improve results on the topic in the literature.


Objective To investigate the condition on safety attitude of medical staffs in general surgery department.Method Investigate 99 medical staffs in general surgery department by safety attitude scale in Chinese version.Figure out the ratio of safety attitude in general surgery department.Analyze safety attitude for staff with different occupation.Take Person correlation analysis between medical staffs' sociological variables and all dimensions of safety attitude.Result Ratio of safety attitude in general surgery department is 42.4%.Nurses have better safety attitude than doctors.There is significant difference on team cooperation and safety atmosphere between nurses and doctors.There is negative correlation between safety attitude and education background,occupation,title.Conclusion Safety attitude of medical staffs in general surgery department is worrying.Corresponding measures should be taken to improve safety culture of department,reduce medical risks and ensure patients' safety.


In order to face the global competition, graduates' competence is
nowadays problem faced by many higher learning institutions. This study is
aimed to test students' competence using the Technology Acceptance Model
(TAM) framework. It tests the effect of perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived
ease of use (PEU) on behavior intention to use (BIU) and student' competence.
The data used is a primary data that was collected by distributing questionnaire
to 128 students who use e-learning. The samples were selected using the convenience
sampling method. The data obtained was evaluate both by reliability
and validity tests, while the hypothesis was tested using multiple regression. The
result shows that PU and PEU have significant effect on BIU, and furthermore
BIU has significant effect on student' competence (cognitive, affective, and
psychomotor). It provides theoretical contribution that technology utilization can
improve student' competence.


This study evaluates the quality of life status of 39 male and 21 female Caucasian subjects admitted to a voluntary sector community alcohol detoxification unit. Baseline data including socio‐demographics, severity of alcohol dependence and alcohol problems were collected 4–5 days following admission. In addition, the following measures were obtained: Rotterdam Symptoms Checklist, the Beck Depression Inventory, the General Health Questionnaire 12, Chubon's Life Situation Survey and the Nottingham Health Profile. Subjects were followed up at 12 weeks, and subdivided into two groups: relapsers and non‐relapsers. A relapse was defined as drinking 21 or more units per week for men and 14 units or more per week for women over 7 consecutive days (1 unit is the equivalent of 8–10 g of absolute ethanol). Fifty‐eight (97%) subjects were successfully followed‐up, with 36 (62%) of the group relapsing to heavy drinking within 12 weeks. The results show that alcohol dependence is associated with a poor quality of life. Subjects rated poorly on the standardized questionnaires compared with the normative values for their reference populations. Relapsers and non‐relapsers differed significantly in their life situation, depression, physical and psychological symptom total scores and the Nottingham Health Profile sub‐score energy at 12 weeks compared with baseline, and these changes were investigated for each group. Within the relapse group a linear regression showed no association between any of the quality of life measures and time to relapse. Individual sub‐score analysis of the Nottingham Health Profile results point to the importance of sleep, social isolation, pain, physical mobility and anergia in alcohol dependency. There was little change as a result of either not remitting or returning to heavy drinking and overall these findings confirm that alcohol dependent subjects have a poor quality of life.


parently are a number of entrepreneurs willing to risk a plunge into this phase of mass communication. Few are gambling on such ventures in the large city, large circulation category; the economic problems involved brand anybody who tries to d o so as being on the foolhardy side. The apparent opportunities in the daily field are in the small circulation, small community category, those communities under 25,000 population. Many of the success stories in this category are logical ones: A weekly publisher in a growth community capitalizes on his knowledge of the sociosconomic situation and his own printing equipment and expertise to increase the frequency of publication to daily status.' And not all of those which wind up in the "suspension" column mean a complete loss to the time (53 out of 162, to be exact. See Table I), the newspaper converts to less frequent publication, and the community still has a print media channel on a regular basis.


Abstract : Arctic Whiteout is a major weather phenomenon which affects air and ground movement in regions where a continuous snow cover exists. Air transportation is especially hazardous during these whiteout periods because of poor visibility and the lack of a natural horizon and other visual references. These whiteouts may be caused by one, or a combination, of five weather phenomena: (1) blowing snow, (2) precipitating snow, (3) ice fog, (4) water fog and (5) a low, dense overcast (Gerdel and Diamond, 1956). The water-fog and overcast types are usually composed of supercooled water droplets and, therefore, are amenable to dissipation by the introduction of freezing nuclei. Furthermore, since these types usually occur during periods of relatively light winds, the possibility of using ground-based equipment is enhanced. (Author)


In this study, the problems of the perception of abrogation of the traditional understanding of tafsīr were examined through the example of muallafa al-qulūb. Abrogation, one of the most controversial subjects of the history of Islamic thought and especially of the tafsīr tradition, has gained a separate field of existence within the sciences of the Qurʾān. The ground of existence Until the time of the Prophet, hunting and abrogation emerged to take its first steps and became a method of responding to the Jews and polytheists who accused the changes in the axis of prophecy as contradictions. The impact of this process, which is known to have started with the Qibla debates with the Jews, was felt intensely, especially on the laws of war and verses related to the public sphere. Probably the most fundamental reason for this continuity was the fact that the Prophet lived, and the revelation was still going on. However, after the death of the Prophet, the divine word became Qurʾān, and during the formation of the tafsīr tradition, discussions about the issue of abrogation occurred. Although it is known that there were some thinkers who argued that it was not possible to cancel the judgment in the internal integrity of the revelation in this period, the proselytization to the majority of the republican ulama was accepted as a phenomenon that took place in the internal integrity of the revelation itself. During this period, there was only a debate among the ulema about the numerical nature of the abrogation. As a matter of fact, while some thinkers argue that the number of verses revealed is in the hundreds, some thinkers have brought this number to very small numbers. In fact, these debates have prepared the ground for the perception of abrogation in the modern period and have become the basis of the rejection of abrogation, which has become one of the most characteristic features of modern tafsīr movements. As a result, many intellectuals and commentators in the modern period have argued that abrogation can never occur in the inner integrity of the Qurʾān. The issue of muallafa al-qulūb, which we have discussed in our study, is only one of the numerous problems that arise through the perception of abrogation in the tafsīr tradition. As it is known, while this group, which is clearly stated in the 60th verse of the Sūrat al-Tawba of the Qurʾān, was given a share of zakāhuninterruptedly as part of the Nabawi invitation method during the time of the Prophet, the main purpose was to warm their hearts to Islam and enable them to reach guidance. However, after the death of the Prophet, during the caliphate of Abu Bakr (d. 13/634), Omar (d. 23/644) claimed that there was no need for the ration of this group, and their share of zakāh was reduced. In this context, a significant part of the commentators concluded that the judgment was abolished by the execution of the ummah. From the classical period to the present day, many schools of fiqh, especially the Hanafis, have ruled according to this decision and have stated that the taxpayer's right to share from zakāh has disappeared. Although some commentators appealed this decision, it had no effect. In our opinion, this view, which argues that it is not possible for judgment to disappear, has acted correctly. Because, even if the revelation is accepted as abrogation in its own inner integrity, it should have happened in the time of Prophet Muhammad, and there is no such evidence. In addition, the Companions do not have the authority to suspend or annul any provision, even for a short period of time, because of the case law. At the same time, the weakening conversion and increasing contact activities in the age we are in make it necessary to review the muallafa al-qulūb as a social institution. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is the Prophet Muhammad because of the order of the Qur'an. It is to reveal that the muallafa al-qulūb, which was meticulously fulfilled by the Prophet, is not abrogated and has a much broader nature rather than being a simple group only related to zakāh.


Based on the comparative study of parameters,DL/T 5339—2006(China),BS 4485-4:1996(British),VGB-R 610Ue:2005(Germany) were selected as the representative codes and the calculation principles and methods of aerostatic stability of hyperboloidal cooling tower structures were surveyed,especially for the differences of parameters for global stability and their influences.Several representative hyperboloidal cooling towers were taken as examples to assess the final distinction in global and local stability.The results show that the global stability factors agree well with each other and the factors from the global and local stability can also be in conformity if DL/T 5339—2006 takes the nominal value at the top of windward meridian as the reference wind pressure for global stability.


This paper uses facial motion capture technology to extract the dynamic trajectory of the lip shape change of a person during pronunciation. According to the MPEG-4 standard, the face marking points of the speaker are defined. While analyzing the method of extracting parameters of upper lip protrusion and outer lip width, it focuses on the extraction method of lower lip protrusion and the process of data processing. The data obtained by this method is more accurate, which has a high reference value for analyzing lip features in the research of pronunciation phonetics. This method can also be used for research in various languages.


The production of enzymes lipase by the microorganisms has a lot of interest biotechnology; our study focalizes on the production of the lipase enzyme withBacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus sp. The results acquired are rather promising of what we have quantify this production in concentration in the order of 2 Ulip.ml-1 and 1.7 Ulip.ml-1 and of 1 Ulip.ml-1 respectively for the three bacteria for 120 hours of culture in conditions mesophilic culture with oleic acids. The effect of the immobilization of the consortium composed of three bacteria shows an important rentability with peaks of 4.02 Ulip.ml-1 and 5.02 Ulip.ml-1 for free cells and immobilized cells respectively for 15 days of reaction.


In tbis papel' we consider a variable bit·rate code division multiple """"". systems (CDMA), �rcln eacb "".1' may trlmsmit at one Old of a set or available data-rates. The of joint detection of the data-rat. ami of the informlltion transmitted by .ach user is addressed. "'irst of Illl. tbe mllxinmm·llkelibood receive.' is derived. Since this re rein.. exponential both in the number of nsers and in the length of packet, seyeral 51ubop· tim .. m ,..,ail'erE! Ill'e Illso deIived. Simulation results finally "bow that these suboptimum receive.'., while performing worse than tbe optimum reeeh..,r, acme,'': gattsractory performance ,vlth more limited computa tional complexity.


The effect of annealing on melt spun Ni55Mn22Ga23 (at. %) ribbon has been addressed in terms of structural, thermal, thermomagnetic, and magnetic field induced strain (MFIS) behaviour. In comparison to as-spun ribbons, the samples annealed within the L21 domain at 1073 K for 30 h with subsequent furnace cooling, showed a rise in martensitic transformation temperature. This was endorsed from electron microscopy studies revealing change in morphology of martensite plate and stacking of dislocations in a preferential orientation. The mechanism is associated to martensitic accommodation which enhanced ferro-elastic magnetic coupling and also lowered magnetic coercivity. Such accommodations and adaptive anisotropy improved the MFIS behavior in the annealed sample.


A contaminated soil by tin usually is a big problem in Indonesia. Uniformity is essential for processing soil at a normal quality and to ensure conformity to specify clean up levels. Revegetation efforts were carried out by using rubber and jatropha combination which infected by arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi applied using the soil drive nutrient (SDN) method showed good result in the previously research.This research purposes to know the effectivity of soil drive nutrient (SDN) method to promote the growth of soybean plants (Glysine max L.) in tin mining soil. The results showed that the cropping pattern and dose of mycorrhizal gave effect on soybean growth, especially on the trunk diameter. Result also showed that mycorrhizal infection on soybean roots significantly influenced by the SDN method and dose of mycorrhizal that applied. Both of these are expected to have a positive impact on soybean production and resistance to environmental stress and disease attack. Viceversa, height and number of plant leaves untill 28 days were not affected by the SDN method and the dose of mycorrhiza applied.


The concept of rul e of law is rich in connotations. It is difficult to give it an ex act and concise definition, but the rule of law is a concept with clear-cut conn otations. In contrast to" the rule by man","the ruie of law" is the opposite of autocracy. Based on "the right as standard",the rule of law aims to guaran tee the human rights,it is the fundamental principle and the coercive force to l imit the state power ,and its basic mark is "the supremacy of law."


The adiabatic electron affinity (EA) and ionization potential (IP) for the BrO radical have been computed at high levels of theory. Specifically, the singles and doubles coupled-cluster method that includes a perturbational correction for connected triple excitations, denoted CCSD(T), has been used in conjunction with several one-particle basis sets. The largest basis sets are of the atomic natural orbital (ANO) type and include up through g functions. Our best IP and EA values, 241.1±0.8 and 55.6±1.8 kcal mol−1, respectively, have been obtained by extrapolating the CCSD(T)/ANO results to the one-particle basis-set limit, and are in excellent agreement with the latest experimental values. Our best computed IP shows, definitively, that the experimental result due to Monks et al. is more reliable than the value given by Lias et al. The reliability of our CCSD(T)/ANO calculations is also demonstrated by the excellent agreement between experiment and our best calculations for the BrO and BrO− equilibrium bond...


EBSTRACT This paper describes an analysis of CPU errors at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Computational Facility. The study includes all classes of temporary and permanent CPU errors. Nearly 85 percent of the errors are temporary failures. We find a strong load dependency in the errors. The observed tendency is present in three years of load ,data. This observation is significant because a load-failure r elationship found at the CPU level must, in our vieu, be considered fundamental. In addition, the fact that most of the errors are transients or i ntermittents, provides neu information on these error types uith respect to their load dependent behavior. Our analysis procedure, used on the SLAC data, has been validated on an artificially created data base seeded uith failures.


We have seen the effects of buffer layer in organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs) using poly(N-vinylcarbazole)(PVK) depending on a concentration of PVK. Polymer PVK buffer layer was made using spin casting technique. Two device structures were fabricated; one is ITO/TPD/Alq_3/Al as a reference, and the other is ITO/PVK/TPD/A1q_3/Al to see the effects of buffer layer in organic light-emitting diodes. Current-voltage-luminance characteristics and an external quantum efficiency were measured with a variation of spin-casting rpm speeds and PVK concentration. We have obtained an improvement of external quantum efficiency by a factor of four when the PVK concentration is O.lwt% is used. The improvement of efficiency is expected due to a function of hole-blocking of PVK in OLEDs.


1Head of Audio-vestibular medicine unit, Otolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, 2M.B.B.Ch, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, 3Lecturer of Audiovestibular medicine, Otolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University ABSTRACT Background : Tinnitus affects the life quality. Various questionnaires used for assessing its severity and its impact on quality of life. Among those is the Tinnitus Primary Function Questionnaire (TPFQ). Aim: Arabic translation of (TPFQ). Decide its validity and reliability among Egyptians with tinnitus. Patients and Methods: Agreement was obtained from the creator of the original TPFQ-12. The English version was converted into Arabic by a forward translation, back-translation, expert committee review, pretesting and finishing translation process according to the published guidelines for cross-civilizing adaptation of health-related quality of life measures. It was applied on a control group (100 normal not complaining of tinnitus) and a study group (80 patients with chronic tinnitus). Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were established. Results: The Arabic TPFQ-12 showed high internal consistency; Cronbach's alpha 0.819 for study group while 0.806 for the control group. Repeatability of the Arabic TPFQ-12 questionnaire was high for the study and control groups respectively. with a significant difference between the study and control groups results. Conclusion: The Arabic TPFQ is a dependable tool for estimation of tinnitus effect on the quality of Egyptians life.


Based on the SWIM global interoperable framework, this paper presents and analyses the benefits of SWIM by comparing to AFTN, such as simplified network, gathering real time information, facilitating cooperation decision making and increasing ATM efficiency. This paper uses mathematical analysis to calculate the bandwidth of interface of CRV, and highlights the details of information service overview. This paper also emphasizes the policies on SWIM implementation of governance, information services and cyber security in Asia/Pacific region. Thereby, the SWIM is recommended to be deployed for aviation information management in APAC region.


We have investigated the time dependence of remnant moment decay in a highly oriented, nearly single high Tc phase Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin film. A strictly logarithmic time dependence was observed over a 20 K temperature range for observation intervals of 2000 seconds. The normalized decay rate exhibits a peak around 14 K and has a relatively weak magnetic field dependence. These data are then compared with existing data on the YBCO and Eu - based superconductors.


Tachycardias in the setting of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) are inducible with programmed stimulation and can be entrained. Most sites of origin of ventricular tachycardia (VT) cluster within the low-voltage peritricuspid and/or peripulmonic regions, usually within 2–3 cm of the valve's orifice. In this case, unstable VTs were induced by ventricular extrastimulus, and substrate mapping and pace-mapping were used to delineate the region of low-voltage electrogram (EGM). It was also used to identify putative components of the reentry circuits at the anterior right ventricular (RV) free-wall. With pace-mapping, we were able to identify sites with good pace-maps around the tricuspid valve (TV) annulus. Radiofrequency application was delivered around these sites. Eventually, the VTs could no longer be induced by any pacing maneuvers.


In each convolution filter, SMPConv has 30 weight points for 1D and 16 weight points for 2D. For SMPConv1D, we sample the point locations from zero mean truncated gaussian distribution with σ = 0.1. Because of causal convolution, we sample in the range (−1, 0) rather than (−1, 1). For SMPConv2D, we sample the point locations from 2D zero mean truncated gaussian with Σ = [[σ1, 0], [0, σ2]], where σ1 = σ2 = 0.05. We initialize radius as r ≈ 2 kd, where k is kernel size and d is dimension of input (i.e., d = 1 for 1D, d = 2 for 2D). In 2D, the kernel size means the width of the kernel. The size of the additional small kernel is 5 for 1D and 3×3 for 2D, respectively. Following FlexConv [7], we use batch normalization [4] after convolution and skip connection. We train our networks using Adam [5] optimizer. We use a cosine annealing learning rate scheduling with warmup epochs. The learning rate for radius parameters is set to be 0.1× smaller than the regular learning rate. During the training, the radius range is clipped from 0.0001 to 0.1. More details for each data are shown in Tab. 1. For sequential data experiments, we train our model with a single NVIDIA A100 GPU. We use a single RTX3090 GPU for CIFAR10 experiments.


The concept that the ruled area of a concave grating must be symmetric with respect to its vertex is generally accepted and applied in all mountings manufactured at present. A new concept is introduced in the theory: the center of the rectangular area used is not necessarily the vertex of the grating, but a point of the symmetry plane perpendicular to the grooves, lying at a varying distance wo from it; the additional degree of freedom thus introduced permits an improvement of focus of some mountings commonly used at present. Fixed slits monochromators with translation and rotation of the grating and with simple rotation of the grating are examined.


The problem of linguistic description of a literary text, where the main place is given to play techniques, is relevant and of keen interest. The effect of playing with words, as a special form of linguistic creativity, creates a sense of intellectual obstacle, the overcoming of which gives great pleasure. Language play is not only an opportunity to realize linguistic meanings, but also a form of comprehension and cognition of the world. The study of the linguistic and cognitive mechanism, modeling reality, is promising in terms of the study of linguistic means, determining communicative situations. The aim of the article is to identify and comprehensively analyze the linguistic means involved in modeling real and imagined reality. The material of the research is examples of wordplay of L. Carroll's work fragment. Basic methods of research are analysis, synthesis, method of linguistic description. The methods of observation, contextual and stylistic analysis revealed the types of language play that give a special expressiveness, comic effect, created consciously and paradoxically. Using the system-descriptive method, the method of lexico-semantic analysis, the author identified linguistic means of reality modeling: verbs of orientation in space, verbs of cognition, intellectual activity, modal verbs expressing emotional state; comparative constructions, idioms, containing basic axiomatics of language consciousness, leading to ambiguity with simultaneous realization of literal and figurative meanings. Semantic analysis of phrasal verbs with post-verbs showed the results of their meanings reinterpretation in the context of communicative situations. Within the framework of polysemy a choice of meanings associated with the parameters of a given situation is provided. A special role is played by metaphors, in which the play of words is enclosed. They create new meanings from fragments of subjective experience. In conclusion, it is assumed that when new meanings are generated as a result of semantic anomalies or paradoxes, the identified linguistic means, describing the real and imagined reality, set the parameters of the situation, and can be considered as codes, extracting the underlying meanings and differentiating communicative situations.


OBJECTIVE To examine short-term mortality and cause of death among youth and young adults (YYAs) with youth-onset diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We included 19,717 YYAs newly diagnosed with diabetes before 20 years of age from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2015 enrolled in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Of these, 14,721 had type 1; 4,141 type 2; and 551 secondary and 304 other/unknown diabetes type. Cases were linked with the National Death Index through 31 December 2017. We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% CIs based on age, sex, and race/ethnicity for state and county population areas and examined underlying causes of death. RESULTS During 170,148 person-years (PY) (median follow-up 8.5 years), 283 individuals died: 133 with type 1 (103.0/100,000 PY), 55 with type 2 (161.5/100,000 PY), 87 with secondary (1,952/100,000 PY), and 8 with other/unknown diabetes type (312.3/100,000 PY). SMRs (95% CI) for the first three groups were 1.5 (1.2–1.8), 2.3 (1.7–3.0), and 28.0 (22.4–34.6), respectively. Diabetes was the underlying cause of death for 42.1%, 9.1%, and 4.6% of deaths, respectively. The SMR was greater for type 2 than for type 1 diabetes (P < 0.001). SMRs were significantly higher for individuals with type 1 diabetes who were <20 years of age, non-Hispanic White and Hispanic, and female and for individuals with type 2 diabetes who were <25 years of age, from all race/ethnic minority groups, and from both sexes. CONCLUSIONS Excess mortality was observed among YYAs for each type of diabetes with differences in risk associated with diabetes type, age, race/ethnicity, and sex. The root causes of excess mortality among YYAs with diabetes merit further study.


It is now well established that all galaxies with a massive bulge component harbour a central supermassive black hole (SMBH). The mass of the SMBH correlates with bulge properties such as the bulge mass and the velocity dispersion, which implies that the bulge and the central black hole of a galaxy have grown together during the formation process. As part of an investigation of the dependence of the SMBH mass on bulge types and formation mechanisms, we present measurements of SMBH masses in two pseudobulge galaxies. The spiral galaxy NGC 3368 is double-barred and hosts a large pseudobulge with a tiny classical bulge component at the very centre. The S0 galaxy NGC 3489 has only a weak large-scale bar, a small pseudobulge and a small classical bulge. Both galaxies show weak nuclear activity in the optical, indicative of the presence of a supermassive black hole. We present high resolution, adaptive-optics-assisted, near-infrared integral field data of these two galaxies, taken with SINFONI at the Very Large Telescope, and use axisymmetric orbit models to determine the masses of the SMBHs. The SMBH mass of NGC 3368, averaged over the four quadrants, ishM i = 7:5 10 6 M with an error of 1:5 10 6 M , which mostly comes from the non-axisymmetry in the data. For NGC 3489, a solution without black hole cannot be excluded when modelling the SINFONI data alone, but can be clearly ruled out when modelling a combination of SINFONI, OASIS and SAURON data, for which we obtain M = (6:00 +0:56 0:54 jstat 0:64jsys) 10 6 M . Although both galaxies seem to be consistent with the M - relation, at face value they do not agree with the relation between bulge magnitude and black hole mass when the total bulge magnitude (i.e., including both classical bulge and pseudobulge) is considered; the agreement is better when only the small classical bulge components are considered. However, taking into account the ageing of the stellar population could change this conclusion.


MCAI(multimedia computer aided instruct) is a modern education method in the university,and telnet teaching is spread day by day.This paper proposes a way to publish MCAI of the Data Structure in internet.


Aiming at the requirement of pipelines' seismic design, the code of "Seismic Technical Code for Oil and Gas Transmission Pipeline Engineering" was published, and the code presented the seismic design method of pipelines subjected to active fault, and pointed out that finite element method is necessary when pipeline is axial compressed. Based on the strain calculation method proposed by the code, this paper discuss the influence factors such as pipeline-fault angle and pipeline buried depth, then presents pipeline strain variation trend when subjected to active fault movement. Meanwhile, this paper adopts finite element method to analyze pipeline strain distribution, and points out that pipeline strain is composed of axial tension/compress strain and bend strain, which could explain the pipeline strain distribution, and the elliptic phenomenon of pipeline should be considered in the future research works and code revision. This paper provides the technical reference for pipeline seismic design.


Despite evidence that multiple myeloma disproportionately impacts ethnic minority groups and elderly patients, they remain underrepresented in therapeutic clinical trials. This commentary summarizes potential strategies that could be adopted by the pharmaceutical industry to ensure diversity in clinical trials of emerging therapies. These could include building trust through tailored education, optimizing awareness and exposure to clinical trial opportunities, ensuring access and extending outreach, and promoting clinical trial diversity by design. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Abstract This article draws on data acquired for doctoral research into how Quakers live out their religious claims in the twenty-first-century workplace. It depicts Quaker everyday practice in the...


Quantitative phase microscope (QPM) is used for the quantitative information and dynamic phase imaging of biological specimen, which provides wide application in biomedical sciences. High temporal phase stability of the QPM system is the primary requirement for accurate phase measurement. We have developed a common-path QPM geometry based on beam displacer and pinhole unit to achieve high temporal stability. The convenient adjustment of reference and object beams makes optical system compact and low-cost. The membrane fluctuations and qualitative phase are measured to demonstrate the capability and applicability of the system.


Hypothesis / aims of study Female pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common condition in women, resulting in a lifetime risk of surgery of about 1 in 5 (1). It involves the herniation of abdominal organs into the vagina and is frequently associated with symptoms of a vaginal bulge or lump, and a dragging pelvic sensation. However, a given anatomical degree of POP may cause no bother at all in one individual, and a severe form of bother in the other. The subjective bother of POP can be determined using a visual analogue scale (VAS), a method commonly used in other fields of medicine. Pelvic floor imaging has recently been introduced to investigate women with pelvic floor dysfunction and provide objective measurements of the extent of the POP (2). The aim of this study is to investigate potential determinants of bother caused by different forms of POP to help in the clinical evaluation of patients, planning of preventative intervention trials and surgical treatment.


Abstract Background/Aim: Lung cancer remains the main culprit in cancer-related mortality worldwide. Transcript fusions play a critical role in the initiation and progression of multiple cancers. Treatment approaches based on specific targeting of discovered driver events, such as mutations in EGFR, and fusions in NTRK, ROS1, and ALK genes led to profound improvements in clinical outcomes. The formation of chimeric proteins due to genomic rearrangements or at the post-transcriptional level is widespread and plays a critical role in tumor initiation and progression. Yet, the fusion landscape of lung cancer remains underexplored. Materials and Methods: We used the JAFFA pipeline to discover transcript fusions in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The set of detected fusions was further analyzed to identify recurrent events, genes with multiple partners and fusions with high predicted oncogenic potential. Finally, we used a generalized linear model (GLM) to establish statistical associations between fusion occurrences and clinicopathological variables. RNA sequencing was used to discover and characterize transcript fusions in 270 NSCLC samples selected from the Glans-Look specimen repository. The samples were obtained during the early stages of disease prior to the initiation of chemo- or radiotherapy. Results: We identified a set of 792 fusions where 751 were novel, and 33 were recurrent. Four of the 33 recurrent fusions were significantly associated with clinicopathological variables. Several of the fusion partners were represented by well-established oncogenes ERBB4, BRAF, FGFR2, and MET. Conclusion: The data presented in this study allow researchers to identify, select, and validate promising candidates for targeted clinical interventions.


In this paper we address the problem of tracking multiple targets based on raw measurements by means of Particle filtering. Bayesian multitarget tracking, in the Random Finite Set framework, propagates the multitarget posterior density recursively in time. Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) approximations of the optimal filter are computationally expensive and lead to high-variance estimates as the number of targets increases. We present an extension of the Interacting Population-based MCMC-PF (IP-MCMC-PF) [1]. This extension exploits reversible jumps. Incorporation of Reversible Jump MCMC (RJMCMC) [2] methods into a tracking framework gives the possibility to deal with multiple appearing and disappearing targets, and makes the statistical inference more tractable. In our case, the technique is adopted to efficiently solve the high-dimensional state estimation problem, where the estimation of the existence and positions of many targets from a sequence of noisy measurements is required. Simulation analyses demonstrate that the proposed IP-RJMCMC-PF yields higher consistency, accuracy and reliability in multitarget tracking.


This is an article which presents new data. In an attempt to explore further the workings of the seniority system in Congress (for its earlier history see the article by Cooper and Abrams in the initial issue of POLITY), he explores the selection of conferees, both from the standing committees and from their subcommittees. The conclusion is that in selecting conference committee members Congress has maintained a good deal of flexibility. The real importance of this conclusion is left for future study: we still do not know, for instance, how the selection system actually affects the final legislative product.


This article discusses textual and photographic crossroads in the work "Festas Populares no Brasil" from the author Lelia Gonzalez (1989).Our aim is to understand the african-Brazilian festivals while contributions of maintenance and resistance of the African arkhe in Brazil, from Orixas Iemanja and Oxala's mythology, as also to analyse images in the book, from the semiotic.


Objective
To explore the effects of prone position combined with reverse Trendelenburg position on improving hypoxemia and respiratory mechanics of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients.

Methods
From January 2017 to December 2017, we selected ARDS inpatients in Intensive Care Unit at Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University as subjects by convenience sampling. The total of 20 patients were divided into group A and group B with the method of random number table. Patients of group A adopted prone position for two hours firstly, and then they adopted prone position combined with reverse Trendelenburg position for six hours. Patients of group B adopted prone position combined with reverse Trendelenburg position for two hours firstly, and then they adopted prone position for six hours. During treatment, we assessed the function of pulmonary ventilation and respiratory mechanics of patients.

Results
There were statistical differences in different time, different groups and interaction between time and groups among ARDS patients between two groups (P 0.05) . One, five and eight hours after intervention, the oxygenation indexes of group A were higher than those of group B with statistical differences (P 0.05) .

Conclusions
Prone position combined with reverse Trendelenburg position can improve the oxygenation of ARDS patients.

Key words:
Respiratory distress syndrome, adults; Prone position; Reverse Trendelenburg position; Oxygenation


Providing for encapsulating FC frames from the network device is a method and apparatus for an Ethernet frame. Preferably, a plurality of flow ports FC frames represent network devices. Encapsulated Ethernet frames may be input into a personal computer ( "PC") or laptop conventional network interface card. Therefore, the FC frame encapsulation allows engineers to use the software installed on a conventional PC to solve the problem using the FC protocol networks. According to certain aspects of the invention, FC frames may be truncated to varying degrees, to allow for proper rate of the output data frame to small personal computers, laptops, etc. for analysis.


A dedicated WDM channel is used to transport the FEC redundancy. Error location analysis of the FEC correctable bits, combined with B2 bytes are used to decide the suitable FEC code for the payload channels.


ABSTRACT Brimonidine Tartrate and Timolol Maleate are used in treatment of glaucoma by decreasing intra ocular pressure. A Validated HPLC method was developed for the assay of them. The method was performed on BDS HYPERSIL Cyano column (250x4.6 mm, 5μ) and the mobile phase consisted of Ammonium acetate (pH 5.0, 0.01M) - Methanol (40:60, V/V) which pumped at a flow rate equals to 1.5 ml/min at ambient temperature. 20 µl of drugs sample solutions were monitored at two fixed wavelengths (lambda = 254.0 nm for Brimonidine Tartrate and 300.0 nm for Timolol Maleate). The proposed method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision and limits of detection and quantitation according to ICH. Keywords: Brimonidine Tartrate; Timolol Maleate; HPLC. Corresponding author: Hany M. Hafez Bachelor degree of Pharmaceutical Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. Quality control department, EIPICO, 10th Ramadan, Egypt Mobile: 020113231458; E-mail: email@example.com 1. INTRODUCTION Glaucoma describes a group of disorders characterized by a loss of visual field associated with cupping of the optic disc and optic nerve damage. Glaucoma is generally associated with raised intra-ocular pressure. Forms of glaucoma are primary open-angle glaucoma and primary angle closure glaucoma. Drugs that reduce intra-ocular pressure by different mechanisms are available for managing glaucoma. A


Through varying the joints' distribution, 10 typical 3-SPR parallel manipulators were derived and their displacement char-acter was analyzed. CAD dimension driving technique was used to solve the workspace, and parameters to describe the workspace and orientation of the moving platform were defined. Workspaces and orientation scales of the 10 manipulators were compared, the influence of the joints' distribution to which was analyzed.


Cooling of the rolling rubber-film on cooling-drums is a common practice in the final stage to achieve good quality of the rubber-film. In this paper, the stable heat transfer process of the rubber-film on the cooling-drums was simulated with a simplified fluid rubber-film method. The temperature at the film on each cooling-drum is obtained and compared with experimental measurements. It is found that the simulation results well agree with the measurements, indicating that the method proposed here is valid. In addition, parameter sensitivity on the cooling efficiency of the system were studied to provide the references for engineering applications.


A pairing over an elliptic curve E/Fpm to an extension field of Fpmk has begun to be attractive in cryptosystems, from the practical and theoretical point of view. From the practical point of view, many cryptosystems using a pairing, called the pairing-based cryptosystems, have been proposed and, thus, a pairing is a necessary tool for cryptosystems. From the theoretical point of view, the so-called embedding degree k is an indicator of a relationship between the elliptic curve Discrete Logarithm Problem (ECDLP) and the Discrete Logarithm Problem (DLP), where ECDLP over E(Fpm) is reduced to DLP over Fpmk by using the pairing. An elliptic curve is determined by mathematical parameters such as the j-invariant or order of an elliptic curve, however, explicit conditions between these mathematical parameters and an embedding degree have been described only in a few degrees. In this paper, we focus on the theoretical view of a pairing and investigate a new condition of the existence of elliptic curves with pre-determined embedding degrees. We also present some examples of elliptic curves over 160-bit, 192-bit and 224-bit Fpm with embedding degrees k < (log p)2 such as k = 10,12,14,20,22,24,28.


Social work features in human trafficking discourses as a remedial approach, but the profession's potentials in Nigeria have not been fully realised. Thus, our research seeks to understand how social work has fared across the Prevention, Protection, Prosecution and Partnership (4Ps) of anti-human trafficking in Edo (a prime source destination for sex trafficking in Nigeria), and what can be done to scale up the presence and efficacy of social work. Qualitative research was conducted with twenty-three participants comprising qualified social workers, allied social work professionals and operational staff of ten anti-human trafficking agencies. Data were sourced using in-depth interviews, deductively coded and analysed based on the 4Ps framework. An important finding was the recognition of the social work profession by most anti-human trafficking agencies, as they employed qualified social work staff or outsourced social work roles to allied professions. Across the 4Ps, Prevention and Protection fared better, unlike Prosecution and Partnership. We provide insights on how to scale up all 4Ps using a social work lens. This research has the potential to strengthen the social work component of anti-human trafficking and presents an in-road to conduct more social work analysis in anti-human trafficking and other fields.


The working principle of compound drive system of fluid power and mechanics is introduced. Its mechanics calculating formulae of force are given out.The system is composed of rodless piston fluid cylinder and symmetrical two-step force amplifier which is based on inclined planes and steel-balls .With this system we can get amplifier output force and reduce frictional loss extremely.


That the Upper Cretaceous deposits overlap those of the Lower Cretaceous series, and extend over much larger areas throughout the whole of western and central Europe, are facts which have long been familiar to all European geologists. There has, however, been a tendency, especially in France, to imagine that the subsidence to which the overlap is due took place at one particular epoch, namely, the Cenomanian, and that this subsidence was so rapid and profound that it caused the Upper Cretaceous Series to be sharply marked off from the subjacent strata by the so-called 'Cenomanian transgression.'


Through atomic absorption spectrophotometry (SSA), we determined the contents of elements in adults' hair of Lahu nationality in Yunnan, China. The results shown that the contents of Ca and Mg are higher than that of Naxi, Pumi and Bai nationality, and the content of Zn is lower. Also, there no differences have been found in the determination of contents of Cu and Mn between Lahu and other nationalities.


Activated factor X (FXa) and thrombin can upregulate the gene expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) on fibroblasts. Since TF is expressed on fibroblasts, we hypothesized that fibroblasts may assemble the prothrombinase complex leading to CTGF upregulation. In addition, the effect of thrombospondin‐1 (TSP1) was evaluated. HS‐68 fibroblasts were incubated with purified FVII, FX, FV, FII and Ca++ in the presence and absence of TSP1 and generation of FXa and thrombin assessed with chromogenic substrates. SMAD pathway phosphorylation was detected via Western‐blot analysis. Pre‐incubation of FVII with fibroblasts lead to its activation by cell‐surface expressed TF, which in turn in the presence of FX, FV, FII and Ca++ lead to the generation of FXa (9.7 ± 0.8 nM) and thrombin (7.9 ± 0.04 U/mL x10‐3). Addition of TSP1 significantly enhanced thrombin generation (23.3 ± 0.7 U/mL x10‐3 p<0.05) but not FXa generation (8.5 ± 0.6 nM). FXa and thrombin generation lead to upregulation of CTGF. Interestingly TSP1 alone upregulated CTGF, TNFα and IL‐6. The upregulation of CTGF and IL‐6 was mediated via the TGFβ pathway as judged by phosphorylation of the SMAD pathway, which was blocked by a TGFβI receptor antagonist. FXa and thrombin‐ induced upregulation of CTGF was not blocked by TGFβI receptor antagonist. This mechanism may play an important role in human diseases associated with fibrosis and with atherosclerosis.


THIS column is dedicated to Leslie, Leonore, Talitha, and all the other teachers who are toughing it out in poor schools with underprivileged kids and awful technology. Leslie and Leonore teach in inner-city elementary schools; Talitha teaches in an inner-city high school. After one of my evening classes, we all spent a few hours discussing their schools, their students, the technology they have or don't have, and lots of other things. These are three very bright, high-achieving professionals who could quickly climb anyone's corporate ladder, earn two to three times their current salaries, and succeed at just about anything they set their minds to. Yet they continue to teach under poor conditions, and the paycheck isn't the reason. They continue to teach because they are able to touch the lives of a few kids every year and really make a difference. I came away from that evening's discussion pretty depressed. So depressed that I had to drive around my neighborhood for a while just to collect my thoughts. I finally decided that, while I couldn't fix their schools or their students, I darn well ought to be able to give them some decent advice on what to do about their poor technology. After a lot of thought, the only advice I could come up with was: sometimes you just have to take matters into your own hands! Hence the title of this column. In many of my past columns I've talked about high-tech projects that cost upwards of $1.6 million dollars. I don't apologize for these columns; kids are worth whatever it takes. Furthermore, if you're building a new school for 1,000 students, you need to "future proof" it as best you can. You can either pay now or pay later. In this column I want to consider "how to make a difference" with almost no money. The first tactic in the art of guerrilla technology is to find all the hidden technology. Whenever I am asked to help a school do anything with technology, the first thing I do is get a master key and look in all the locked cabinets, closets, storerooms, unused offices, and custodial areas. (Hint: custodians always have master keys.) I have never gone on this kind of scavenger hunt without finding important equipment that is unused. Here are a few examples of the things I've uncovered in my searches. In an elementary school storeroom, I found 10 unused Macintosh LC III computers and monitors, complete with networking cable, that used to be part of a Jostens computer lab. The computers were deemed useless because they didn't have hard disk drives. I found reconditioned disk drives for these computers at $80 apiece and quickly made them usable. It did take a whole bottle of glass cleaner to get the grime off the outsides. In a cabinet inside a high school science department's 100-seat mini-auditorium, I once found an IBM model 80 server, complete with Novel Netware 3.1 software. The out-of-sight, out-of-mind server was even connected to a Sony three-gun projector mounted on the ceiling of the auditorium. Since the server didn't have any usable software installed on it and since no one knew how to run it, no one was using either it or the gorgeous three-gun projector in the ceiling. Teachers had been dragging into the auditorium an audiovisual cart with a 21-inch television set and a VCR so they could show videos to their classes while the projector went unused! Anyone could have had the server for the asking. Often the least obvious places conceal lots of neat stuff. In a storage closet that housed the intercom system in one elementary school, I found a brand-new (in the original box) Pioneer five-disc audio CD changer. I suspect that the original specifications for the intercom system called for the device but that no one at the school wanted to use the CD player for the intended purpose of providing background music throughout the school. Scrounging around behind the curtains of another school's auditorium stage, I once found two wireless FM microphones, a mic mixer, two or three mic stands and mics, and a miniature audio system. …


Magnetized rocks provide a "tape recording" of the more recent history of the earth. It was this evidence that broke the opposition to continental drift. The nature of the data ‐ samples of unit vectors in three dimensions ‐ demanded new forms of statistical treatment. I hope that my personal account will enable the general statistician to see a rare example of statistics being developed to be a modest help in a major scientific revolution.


The bluefin sea robin (Chelidonichthys spinosus), hereafter BSR, is one of the most important fish species in the South Sea of Korea. The production value of BSR in 2020 was USD 4,733,057. The production volume in Korea has shown an annual mean increase of 8.9% since 2010, but the efficiency of the fishing gear decreased due to excessive use. This has led to a decrease in the profitability of fishery operators, and as compensation, the use of fishing gear has further increased through competitive operations. Alternative measures for improving catch performance and reducing the use of fishing gear are needed. As one such measure, LED (Light-Emitting Diode) lights were attached to the pot, and the effects were determined. The field experiment results showed that the catch of BSR was higher for the experimental groups (n = 10–273) using fishing gear with LED lights (red, green, blue, and white) than for the control group (n = 2) (Kruskal–Wallis test, p < 0.05). Among the experimental groups, the pot with green light achieved the largest catch (n = 273). The use of LED lights was found to enhance the catch efficiency of pot fishing gear for BSR.


The non-linear signal generation in Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) using magnetic nanoparticles as tracer materials is still not fully explained and a far-reaching research area. Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy (MPS) was developed to investigate the particle behavior in high externally applied magnetic field strengths and to derive mathematical models which describe the physical processes in MPI in detail. A new MPS setup was built which allows measurements between -13 °C and +114 °C in order to investigate the temperature dependence of the harmonics spectra. Temperature-dependent MPS measurements of diluted FeraSpinTM XL, either as suspension or freeze-dried in a mannitol matrix, using the new setup are shown and exemplarily discussed.


Beijing is the capital of China and the very large economic center of the country. This has a significant impact on the modern development of the urban economy. The development of an urban economy is a complex comprehensive systematic task. An effective solution to the problems is of great importance for the economic development of both the capital region and the country as a whole. Analysis has shown changes in the ratio of the structure of the economic sectors and in the employment structure in favor of the tertiary sector of the urban economy. There have been changes in the ratio of numbers of employees in governmental and non-governmental sectors in Beijing. Beijing is still the center of attraction for labor resources. The main reason is the search for the most favorable economic conditions (employment in the labor market, higher wages, opportunities to master a new profession, to improve skills, etc.) Keywords— China, Beijing, urban economy, employment, the structure of urban economy, sectors of economy


Part 1 Preface Chapter 2 Introduction Chapter 3 Origins of Global Wealth Disparities: A World History Case Study Chapter 4 Racial Differences in Wealth: A Brief Historical Overview Chapter 5 "Location, Location, Location:" Residential Segregation and Wealth Disparity Chapter 6 Corporatism and Inequality: The Race to the Bottom (Line) Chapter 7 A Selective Review of Sociological Perspectives on the Relationship between Race and Wealth Chapter 8 Federalism and Equity: Evolution of Federal Educational Policy Chapter 9 History and Education: Mining the Gap: Historically Black Colleges as Centers of Excellence for Engaging Disparities in Race and Wealth Chapter 10 Wealth Without: Creative Writers Confront Whites' Downward Mobility in America's Newest Gilded Age Chapter 11 Selling Identities: A Cultural Approach to Race and Identity Politics in the Postmodern Age Chapter 12 The "Currency" and "Purchase" of Literary Criticism Chapter 13 Race and Wealth Disparity: The Role of Law and the Legal System Part 14 Author Biographies Part 15 Index


In this paper, we investigate the joint impact of two key governance mechanisms — responsibility for project selection and rewards — on the escalation of managers' commitment to new product development projects. Using data from two studies, we show that the interaction between these governance mechanisms has differential and unexpected effects on the escalation of commitment to such projects. Specifically, we find that outcome-based rewards may work against the firm's interest because they might lower the likelihood that managers will discontinue failing projects, especially if they are assigned the project organizationally. We also show that this discrepancy can be managed by replacing outcome-based rewards with process-based rewards. We draw implications from our results for the management of new product development projects, including the selection of governance mechanisms and monitoring strategies.


Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Allen, R. C. (1983). Recent developments in production, cost, and index number theory, with an application to international differences in the cost and efficiency of steelmaking in 1907/9. In R. Fremdling, & P. K. O'Brien (Eds.), Productivity in the economies of Europe (pp. 90-99). Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168ssoar-329366


The effects of phenolic acids on inhibition of browning by the Maillard reaction were investigated with a glucose-glutamic acid model tor doenjang with citric acid as the antibrowning agent and phenolic acid as its synergist. Five phenolic acids, cinnamic, coumaric, caffeic, hydroxybenzoic, and protocatechuic acids, were used. In order to investigate the antibrowning capacity, 0.1 M glucose, 0.1 M glutamic acid, 50 mM citric acid, and 1 mM phenolic acid were dissolved in 1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), heated at 50℃ for 24 hr in the presence of 0.2 mM FeCl₂, and stored at 4℃ or 30℃ for four weeks. Phenolic acid addition more efficiently inhibited browning during storage at 30℃ than at 4℃, without changes in pH. Hydroxybenzoic acid was the most efficient and increased the antibrowning capacity by 13% compared to sample without phenolic acids. Although caffeic and protocatechuic acids inhibited most the formation of 3-deoxyglucosone or fluorescence, they increased browning by forming colored complexes between two hydroxy groups of phenolic acids and iron ions. Hydroxybenzoic acid will be able to be a useful synergist of citric acid, an anti browning agent in doenjang, since it is permitted tor doenjang.


Measurements of the decorrelation of azimuthal angles betw een the two jets with the largest transverse momenta are presented for seven regions of leadi ng jet transverse momentum. The analysis is based on data collected during 2012 with the CMS e xperiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb −1 of proton-proton collisions at √ s = 8 TeV. The dijet azimuthal decorrelation is sensitive to the radiation of additional g luons and probes the dynamics of multijet production. The results are compared to fixed-order predict ions of perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics, and to simulations using various Monte Carlo ev ent generators that include parton showers, hadronization, and multiparton interactions.


It carries out quantitative estimate and analysis of the contributions of technical advancement,labor and fund on rail transport industry in Shanxi from 1985 to 2004,using the method of combining Cobb-Dauglas production function with Solow growth rate equation,and proposes policy recommendations for the development of railway transport industry in Shanxi during the period of "11th five-year plan" based on the conclusion of quantitative analysis.


Synthetic biomaterials are not only widely explored in tissue engineering, but also present important opportunities in responsive architecture, especially soft structures and skins. In this paper we present how water-containing hydrogels can be adapted to digital fabrication techniques to design a soft responsive skin with integrated skeleton and surface. This research project details preliminary investigation into how tough hydrogels with different material properties can be designed and incorporated into laser-cutting and 3D printing methods typically used in architectural design. The outcome of this research produces an early prototype of thermally sensitive, tough hydrogel skin that responds to environmental stimuli such as temperature and moisture. Our work provides initial insights into how a soft responsive "bio-structural" architectural skin can be designed by integrating actuation, structure, and skins.