On October 17th 2004, The Independent on Sunday carried a strikingly illustrated report of a scientific experiment. It was headlined: 'Official: Coke takes over parts of the brain that Pepsi can't reach'. This laboratory version of the Pepsi challenge claimed to demonstrate that CocaCola 'stimulated a huge increase in activity in parts of the brain associated with cultural knowledge, memory and self-image'. This was apparently not triggered by blind tasting, but was observable when subjects knew which of the two soft drinks they were tasting. In other words, the study was claimed to demonstrate the power of the brand rather than the drink itself. The article was illustrated with two vividly coloured brain-scan images that showed localised brain areas, including the dorsolateral prefontal cortex and the hippocampus, highly activated. The message was reinforced visually not least because these areas of heightened activity were coloured bright red, in contrast to the rest of the brain, which was coloured green. There were no such red areas in the 'Pepsi head'. What is of interest here is not the scientific claim, but the use of the brain images to illustrate the point. They are examples of powerful images of brain activity that have been used to demonstrate a wide range of effects. Dumit's account of PET imaging is a valuable case study of how such imaging is accomplished and how its products can be used in a visual rhetoric of scientific claims. Positron Emission tomography (PET) is a method for generating images of brain activity. The technology depends on introducing radioactive molecules that are differentially taken up in body tissues. The end result of the process is highly graphic, detailed images, in which differentially coloured areas display activity when the subject undertakes different kinds of cognitive task. Such brain-scan images also show up differences between different individuals, such as contrasts between 'normal' and 'depressive' subjects, heavy drug users or schizophrenics. The bright images derived from PET scanning thus appear to provide direct visual evidence of brain functioning, providing the observer with startlingly graphic evidence of the biological, physical basis of thought, emotion, reason—and even of consciousness. PET images can thus be used to support reductive arguments, appearing to confirm the material basis of 'personhood'. Dumit's study makes clear the extent of the work that goes into the creation of the apparently self-evident visual evidence. The lurid colours are, of course, entirely contrived. The laboratory can choose which array of arbitrary colours are used to render the brain images legible, and to make them so striking. Since the images are reconstructed from quantitative data, mapped onto an ideal-typical cartography of the brain, the laboratory can decide the cut-off points in the distribution of values that distinguish 'active' and 'inactive' brain regions. A distribution is transformed into categorical New Genetics and Society, Vol. 24, No. 1, April 2005


The multicultural work, The Dream of the Red Chamber, posits a field for exploring the interconnection between Confucian interpretations and its intrinsic Goddess narrative. In this article, I examine the reconciliation of the former with the latter. The immanent transcendence in Neo-Confucianism is not enough for interpreting this novel, for covering the question of a natural connection between Vermilion Pearl and Shen Ying, for a dichotomy of tian and the earth, the transcendent and the immanent. The Goddess narrative of repairing tian can rectify this difficult position and a nomadic spirituality forged in a mutually cultivating process is proposed, both to rescue the Confucian interpretation of the novel and to find a way of reconciling the Confucian 'tian' and the Goddess.


An apparatus for automatically aligning the leading beginning section of an unwound from a supply roll corded strip, in particular a Stahlcordbandes, for splicing to the trailing end of the corded strip of the previous supply roll comprising, provided with reversible drive means suction or magnetic rollers for adhesive securing the slack down the top section of the corded strip.


This abstract describes design-based research on building tools that support the development of skills which will allow learners to become producers rather than simply consumers of computational tools. Game creation is an activity which has good potential for learning skills such as multimodal writing and computational thinking skills. Existing tools make the creation of commercial quality games possible, but fall short of fulfilling the potential for skills development. Learner-centred design of a suite of tools which will guide learners towards activities with potential for the desired skills development is underway. Current progress on the design and development of tools is reported and future activities are outlined.


Predicting which substances are suitable for consumption during foraging is critical for animals to survive. While food-seeking behavior is extensively studied, the neural circuit mechanisms underlying avoidance of potentially poisonous substances remain poorly understood. Here we examined the role of the insular cortex (IC) to central amygdala (CeA) circuit in the establishment of such avoidance behavior. Using anatomic tracing approaches combined with optogenetics-assisted circuit mapping, we found that the gustatory region of the IC sends direct excitatory projections to the lateral division of the CeA (CeL), making monosynaptic excitatory connections with distinct populations of CeL neurons. Specific inhibition of neurotransmitter release from the CeL-projecting IC neurons prevented mice from acquiring the "no-go" response, while leaving the "go" response largely unaffected in a tastant (sucrose/quinine)-reinforced "go/no-go" task. Furthermore, selective activation of the IC-CeL pathway with optogenetics drove unconditioned lick suppression in thirsty animals, induced aversive responses, and was sufficient to instruct conditioned action suppression in response to a cue predicting the optogenetic activation. These results indicate that activity in the IC-CeL circuit is necessary for establishing anticipatory avoidance responses to an aversive tastant, and is also sufficient to drive learning of such anticipatory avoidance. This function of the IC-CeL circuit is likely important for guiding avoidance of substances with unpleasant tastes during foraging in order to minimize the chance of being poisoned. Significance Statement The ability to predict which substances are suitable for consumption is critical for survival. Here we found that activity in the insular cortex (IC) to central amygdala (CeA) circuit is necessary for establishing avoidance responses to an unpleasant tastant, and is also sufficient to drive learning of such avoidance responses. These results suggest that the IC-CeA circuit is critical for behavioral inhibition in anticipation of potentially poisonous substances during foraging.


This chapter is a categorized under Interlocutory Decisions - Appeals Chamber. It presents a report of the case law of the Special Court for Sierra Leone. The case is from the Prosecutor against Morris Kallon, Sam Hinga Norman, and Brima Bazzy Kamara, regarding the decision on constitutionality and lack of jurisdiction. The first Preliminary Motion filed challenging the constitutionality and lack of jurisdiction of the Special Court is that of Morris Kallon. The Accused Hinga Norman's motion is almost identical to that for Kallon except for certain additional submissions. The Chamber concluded that each of the preliminary motions ought to be dismissed and they are hereby dismissed. Keywords:Appeals Chamber; constitutionality; lack of jurisdiction; Special Court for Sierra Leone


This report describes findings from sampling and analyses of soils across the Blackwater drain catchments, part of the Wensum demonstration test catchment (DTC) project funded by Defra. Recent studies have shown how spectroscopic techniques can be used to estimate soil properties and airborne spectroscopy could be an effective means to aid continuous mapping of soil properties across the landscape. Before an airborne survey is undertaken it is important to assess whether the relationships between infra red (IR) spectra and soil properties are sufficiently strong for the cost of the airborne survey to be justified. A secondary objective was to determine the concentrations of soil organic carbon (SOC) in soils across the cultivated parts of the catchment to determine whether there is any evidence that low SOC concentrations might indicate that the topsoil may exhibit poor structural stability contributing to enhanced sediment in stream and drainage channels.


Observations with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) indicate a possible small photon signal originating from the dwarf galaxy Reticulum II that exceeds the expected background between 2 GeV and 10 GeV . We have investigated two specific scenarios for annihilating WIMP dark matter within the phenomenological Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (pMSSM) framework as a possible source for these photons. We find that the same parameter ranges in pMSSM as reported by an earlier paper to be consistent with the Galactic Center excess, are also consistent with the excess observed in Reticulum II, resulting in a J-factor of log 10(J(αint=0.5̂)) ≃ (20.3−20.5)+0.2−0.3 GeV2cm−5. This J-factor is consistent with log 10(J(αint=0.5̂)) = 19.6+1.0−0.7 GeV2cm−5, which was derived using an optimized spherical Jeans analysis of kinematic data obtained from the Michigan/Magellan Fiber System (M2FS).


The densification of nanosized alumina powders to compacts of nearly theoretical density by Hot Isostatic Pressing was the aim of this work. Three types of powders produced by the so called exploding wire technique in the mesh size between 20 to 80 nm were used. Because of the big internal friction during dry pressing the densities achieved were only in the range of about 30% TD. Therefore it was necessary to use a second post densification step by cold isostatic pressing (CIP). With pressures as high as 750 MPa the authors received a density of 58% TD. The pellets were sealed in capsules of stainless steel which were densified at different temperatures between 900 C and 1,350 C with pressures between 120 and 300 MPa. The resulting compacts were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The resulting phases were determined by X-ray diffraction. Grain size measurement at the as fabricated compacts was a decisive criterion for the success of the experiments.


We propose a novel method to reduce the propagation loss of the 2D photonic crystal waveguides. By sedimentation of the microspheres on the air-holes of the 2D photonic crystals, the forbidden bandgap of the microspheres in fee structure can prevent from the scattering effect in the 2D photonic crystal waveguides to confine the light in guiding region.


Phase Change materials provide an excellent means of storing heat energy by employing their latent heat properties. Domestic hot water systems could benefit greatly from the addition of a Latent Heat Storage System as this would allow heat stored during the day to be used at night. Alan Fien and Dr Murat Tahtali have developed a new technique for encapsulating Rochelle's salt that provides a high capacity and cheap method of creating a Latent heat Storage System. This projects aims at optimizing the geometry of the capsule and exploring the capabilities of this new Latent Heat Storage System.


Information kinematics is a branch discipline of theoretical information mechanics,which studies the movement of information body using the geometry method.It usually does not consider the factors like information content,strength and quality.It is formalism and the dimension unit of information speed,information acceleration,information field,space and time information speed and the social information speed and so on.


Following system is studied with its attendant properties: Power Law Violation Of The Area Law In Quantum Spin Chains, Performance Of The Quantum Adiabatic Algorithm On Random Instances Of Two Optimization Problems On Regular Hypergraphs, Dynamics Of Gravitating Hadron Matter In Bianchi-IX Cosmological Model, Entanglement Enabled Intensity Interferometry Of Different Wavelengths Of Light, Violation Of The Collins-Gisin-Linden-Massar-Popescu Inequality, Violation Of The Collins-Gisin-Linden-Massar-Popescu Inequality-2, Kullback-Leibler Distance, Entanglement Simulation With Communication Or With Non-Local Boxes, The Detection Loophole And Efficiency Of Cryptography, Linear Programming Bounds For Entanglement-Assisted Quantum Error-Correcting Codes, Affine Flag Varieties And Quantum Symmetric Pairs, Dynamics Of Hot Bulk QCD Matter, Constructions Of Good Entanglement-Assisted Quantum Error Correcting Codes, Iterative Phase Optimisation Of Elementary Quantum Error Correcting Codes The full paper: http://www.iiste.org/PDFshare/APTA-PAGENO-561344-567538.pdf


We have carried out a historical research of chemistry school textbooks published in Spain in the course of the
twentieth century. Based on our results we point out some theoretical and methodological considerations which
are important to do a re-read of the way the history of science is commonly presented in school science
textbooks. We propose to stress in two essential ideas of Bruno Latour's thought: 1) The role and agency of nonhumans
in the scientific knowledge and 2) An interpretation of history in science textbooks as a complex
network, where there are not clearly-defined limits between history, philosophy and sociology of science and
where history can be understood as a part of a "structure", which becomes more or less stable depending on
the way as their "fibres" are "interwoven" in the narrative of science textbooks.


A ranula is a cystic, translucent lesion usually seen on the floor of the mouth. It usually occurs unilaterally, and bilateral occurrences are extremely rare. We report a case of a young girl presented huge cystic lesion on the floor of mouth diagnosed clinically as simple ranula resembling a double tongue appearance. It is associated with mild discomfort when chewing and speaking. She was successfully managed via aspiration of the ranula under local anaesthesia in a clinic setting. This case highlights the role of aspiration of ranula, which is important for immediate relief of symptoms.


The purpose of this paper is to present a comparative evaluation of the implementation of place marketing policies in Europe. The cities that are examined are Glasgow, Lisbon and Prague. The evaluation uses data from particular promotion and strategic plans that each city planned in order to promote its image to the potential target markets effectively. This paper proposes the view that the effective implementation of place marketing policies is based on the satisfaction of some very important criteria that cities should take into consideration in order that these policies do not become a hindrance to the cities' development.


Infrared (IR) Image Simulation is a key technique in current high science and technology, and has been found wide applications in many domains such as infrared guidance countermeasure, anti-terrorism, remote sensor detection, traffic safety, etc. It is very complicated to calculate the surface temperature of ground surface due to several factors. These factors influence boundary conditions of the ground surface temperature. The relation between temperature and time of ground surface is calculated by establishing the equations of the momentary thermal equilibrium and enacting initial-boundary value condition. The calculation method is proven to be correct according to the comparison between the calculated values and the measured values. The method of IR image simulating is presented.


In academia, many Application Specific Integrated Circuits and System-on-Chip design methodologies are limited by the availability of memories. As process technologies shrink, the size and number of memories on a chip are constantly increasing and memory designs become a more significant part of the overall system performance, efficiency, and cost. Random-Access Memories can be time consuming and tedious to custom design, and there are not many options for automating this process. Process design kits from foundries and vendors do not include memory compilers and commercial solutions require expensive licenses and are often un-modifiable and process specific. This thesis introduces OpenRAM, an open-source memory compiler and characterization methodology. The main objective of the OpenRAM compiler is to promote memory research in academia by providing a flexible and portable platform for generating and verifying memory designs across different technologies. Currently, the compiler generates GDSII layout and Spice netlists for single-port SRAM's using the FreePDK 45nm process design kit, and provides timing/power characterization through Spice simulation. Verification of OpenRAM designs in both 130nm (IBM 8RF) and 180nm (IBM 7SF) technologies are in progress.


Based on the analysis of lacking and the supply and demand contradiction of the reachers' water resource,this paper calcuated the low bound index of ecological needed water in the river reach of Henan and Shandong provinces and in the estuary area,according to the analysis of object demanding water and the water safety of river ecosystem.In the end,the paper put forward some suggestion on the optimization distribution of ecological water.


The flue gas pollution from straw boiler was study using dry dust removal technology in this paper.A straw boiler flue gas dust removal system was developed,successfully applied in 75 t/h Straw boiler in Changge Hengguang Thermal Power Co.,Ltd.


Objective To construct a eukaryotic expression vector of HIV multi-epitope gene containing unmethylated CpG ODN sequence and cholera toxin B subunit(CTB) and expression in vitro.Methods The primers of CTB gene containing CpG ODN and linker sequence were designed and synthesized.CpG-CTB gene sequence(CC) was obtained by PCR,and connected to pVL.HIV multi-epitope gene was inserted into the downstream of CC gene to construct pVL-CC-MEGNp24.The recombination plasmid was confirmed by enzyme digestion.293T Cells were transfected with the purified recombination plasmid pVL-CC-MEGNp24.The transcription of CTB and p24 gene in the transfected 293T cells was detected by RT-PCR,and the expression of CTB and p24 protein was confirmed by cellular immunostaining.The plasmid pVL and blank controls were established simultaneously.Results The results showed that the recombination plasmid of pVL-CC-MEGNp24 was constructed,and CTB and multi-epitope gene were stably expressed in the 293T cells transfected with the plasmid pVL-CC-MEGNp24.Conclusion The eukaryotic expression vector of HIV multi-epitope gene containing immunological adjuvants is successfully constructed,facilitating studies of HIV vaccine.


Biological macromolecules, such as proteins, maintain a high level of internal organization through non-bonded interactions such as hydrogen bonds, π − π stacking, and non bonded intermolecular electrostatic forces. However, the ability to control similar synthetic microenvironments has presented considerable difficulty. The globular structure and structural stability of dendrimers places them among the few synthetic macromolecules available which are potentially capable of mimicking biological systems. Many systems have been designed with linkages which are too flexible, thus rendering them incapable of the structural stability exhibited by molecules such as proteins. The specific class of dendrimers investigated here has been shown to exhibit cooperative motions due to structural preorganization and hydrogen bonding interactions. It is the aim of this project to achieve an understanding of the influence of correlated dynamic motions on the selectivity of a chemical process within a microenvironment. These correlated motions have been shown to increase the helical bias of dendritic secondary structure, and current research has shown that these correlated motions contribute to the amplification of the stereoselectivity of a catalytic process as well. Research on this project is underway to determine the scope of this reaction in terms of substrate specificity and stereoselectivity.


Current technological advances in fabrication methods have provided pathways to creating architected structural meta-materials similar to those found in natural organisms that are structurally robust and lightweight, such as diatoms. Structural meta-materials are materials with mechanical properties that are determined by material properties at various length scales, which range from the material microstructure (nm) to the macro-scale architecture (μm – mm). It is now possible to exploit material size effect, which emerge at the nanometer length scale, as well as structural effects to tune the material properties and failure mechanisms of small-scale cellular solids, such as nanolattices.
This work demonstrates the fabrication and mechanical properties of 3-dimensional hollow nanolattices in both tension and compression. Hollow gold nanolattices loaded in uniaxial compression demonstrate that strength and stiffness vary as a function of geometry and tube wall thickness. Structural effects were explored by increasing the unit cell angle from 30° to 60° while keeping all other parameters constant; material size effects were probed by varying the tube wall thickness, t, from 200nm to 635nm, at a constant relative density and grain size. In-situ uniaxial compression experiments reveal an order-of-magnitude increase in yield stress and modulus in nanolattices with greater lattice angles, and a 150% increase in the yield strength without a concomitant change in modulus in thicker-walled nanolattices for fixed lattice angles. These results imply that independent control of structural and material size effects enables tunability of mechanical properties of 3-dimensional architected meta-materials and highlight the importance of material, geometric, and microstructural effects in small-scale mechanics.
This work also explores the flaw tolerance of 3D hollow-tube alumina kagome nanolattices with and without pre-fabricated notches, both in experiment and simulation. Experiments demonstrate that the hollow kagome nanolattices in uniaxial tension always fail at the same load when the ratio of notch length (a) to sample width (w) is no greater than 1/3, with no correlation between failure occurring at or away from the notch. For notches with (a/w) > 1/3, the samples fail at lower peak loads and this is attributed to the increased compliance as fewer unit cells span the un-notched region. Finite element simulations of the kagome tension samples show that the failure is governed by tensile loading for (a/w) < 1/3 but as (a/w) increases, bending begins to play a significant role in the failure. This work explores the flaw sensitivity of hollow alumina kagome nanolattices in tension, using experiments and simulations, and demonstrates that the discrete-continuum duality of architected structural meta-materials gives rise to their flaw insensitivity even when made entirely of intrinsically brittle materials.


Sarnples were taken frorn 108 adult Gerrnan Angora rabbits raised in the westem part of Sichuan Province. Wool texture was researched in May, 1991. Various types of scale structures are present on rabbit wool. Most appear twill-weaved, closely-arranged with small open angles, making the wool surface smooth. Rabbit wool does not disseminate heat easily. Its ability to keep warmth and absorb wetness is very strong because it possesses well developed rnedulla cells. However, the strength, stretch, elasticity and curvature of rabbit wool are relatively low and this presents sorne difficulties during industrial processing. Cortical cells are not highly distributed in rabbit wool, and there is no bilateral structure, which is one of the reasons that rabbit wool has little curvature.


chapter 1 The Apology and the Phaedo: chapter 2 Plato's Parmenides chapter 3 Irony and Allegory in the Phaedrus chapter 4 History and Rhetoric in the Meno chapter 5 The Gorgias chapter 6 Irony, Dialogue, and Dialectic chapter 7 The Protagoras chapter 8 The Charmides chapter 9 The Theaetetus and the Birth of Epistemology chapter 10 Plato's Eleatic Sophist chapter 11 The Politics of a Sophistic Rhetorician: A Sophistic De Monarchia chapter 12 Bibliography chapter 13 Plato's Counter-Utopia: The Republic: chapter 14 Excursus: The Question of Form and the Problem of the Laws chapter 15 A Garland of "Yesterdays" chapter 16 A Poetic Cosmology: The Timaeus chapter 17 The Equivocity of Beauty chapter 18 Problems of Morality, Inspiration, and Practice chapter 19 Disputation, Education, and Dialectic: The Euthydemus chapter 20 The Intellectual Pleasures and the Moral Excellences: The Philebos and the Laches chapter 21 The Kratylos chapter 22 The Symposium chapter 23 Bibliography


Objective To study the impacts of Xinkaikujiang Formula on IRS-2/PI3K pathway in KKay Mice of type 2 diabetes mellitus( T2DM). Methods The mice were randomized into a Xinkai Formula group,a Kujiang Formula group,Xinkaikujiang Formula group,a Rosiglitanzone( RSG) group and a model group. Ten male C57BL /6J mice of 10 weeks old were selected in a normal control group. In the normal group and the model group,0. 5% CMC was in medication via gastric infusion. Four weeks later,FBG and FINS were detected. Western blotting method was used to determine the protein expressions of IRS-2,P-IRS-2,PI3K,P-PI3K,IRS-3 and IRS-4 in liver tissue. RT-PCR was applied to determine the mRNA expressions of PI3K,IRS-2,IRS-3 and InsR in liver tissue. Results Compared with the model group,FBG was reduced obviously in the Kujiang Formula group and the RSG group( P 0. 05). Compared with the model group,FINS was reduced in the mice of each medication group and IAI were all increased( P 0. 05). The protein expressions of IRS-2 and phosphorylated proteins were enhanced in T2DM KKay mice in the Xinkaikujiang Formula group,the Xinkai Formula group and the Kujiang Formula group( P 0. 05) and the protein expressions of the negative adjustment factors,such as IRS-3 and 4 were inhibited( P 0. 05). The protein expressions of PI3K and P-P13K as well as mRNA expression of PI3-K were enhanced in the Xinkaikujiang Formula group( P 0. 05). The differences in the indexes were not significant in comparison among the medication groups( P 0. 05). Conclusion Xinkaikujiang Formula and its relevant separating formulas improve insulin resistance through recovering the balance between the positive control and negative control of IRS proteins in liver cells.


My professional career as an expert on the consequences of nuclear weapons and as an advocate for their elimination came to a bittersweet end on 10 December 2017 in Oslo, when ICAN received the Nobel Peace Prize. I retired after nearly 40 years working for the abolition of nuclear weapons, more than half of that time with International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) and, previously, with its US affiliate, Physicians for Social Responsibility (PSR). I say 'bittersweet,' because the elation I felt over the fact that we had successfully banned nuclear weapons and had earned a Nobel prize was tempered by the prospect of a new, multi-state nuclear arms race and a danger of nuclear war that is as high as it has been since the coldest days of the Cold War – perhaps even higher. One lesson of those 40 years, on which I will reflect throughout this article, is that progress toward the goal of nuclear abolition has only happened – in fact, has always happened – when enough people have paid attention to the abhorrent nature of nuclear weapons and the irremediable consequences of their use, and have been aroused enough to demand change. On 7 July 2017, the United Nations successfully concluded negotiations on the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. As of this writing, 69 countries have signed the TPNW; 19 have ratified it. Once 50 ratifications have been submitted, the treaty will enter into force, prohibiting the possession, development, testing, production, transfer, stockpiling, use and threatened use of nuclear weapons, and all related activities. For the time being, these prohibitions will only be enforceable among the parties to the treaty, but they establish a norm that, in its entirety, declares nuclear weapons illegal under international law, with the expectation that all states will eventually comply. Several elements, each of them essential, had to converge for the TPNW to become a reality. Governments in non-nuclear-weapon states had to set aside their complaints about lack of disarmament leadership from the


In order to guarantee safety of lifted object during the vital lifting operation,motion behavior and stress condition of steel rope should be analyzed and estimated,ADAMS provides this safety estimation with excellent simulation surroundings.According to the relevant modules of ADAMS,the paper develops three kinds of modeling approach.In addition,the principle and approach of modeling with utilization of shaft sleeve force are emphatically analyzed and the simulation process for this modeling approach is illustrated by an example also.


This paper presents a hybrid technique for the system-level assessment of signal integrity and electromagnetic compatibility of digital electronic systems. We describe a stable procedure for the inclusion of behavioral models of digital drivers and receivers into a finite-difference time-domain mesh. The behavioral models for the devices are based on radial basis function (RBF) formulations, allowing for inclusion of intrinsic nonlinear and dynamic effects. The particular adopted formulation allows us to apply the hybrid method to investigate both interference from incident fields and radiation for interconnected structures loaded by realistic drivers and receivers.


We describe scheduling algorithms for monitoring a single information source whose contents change at times modeled by a nonhomogeneous Poisson process. In a given time period of length T, we enforce a server-side politeness constraint that we may only probe the source at most n times. This constraint, along with an optional constraint that no two probes may be spaced less than δ time units apart, is intended to prevent the monitor from being classified as a nuisance to be "locked out" of the information source. To develop our algorithms, we use a portion of the cost model developed in our earlier work. Our first algorithm assumes a discrete set of N >n possible update times, and uses dynamic programming to identify a provably optimal subset of n of these times at which to probe the server. Our second algorithm is a simple direct search for locally improving any continuous-time schedule with respect to the same cost model. In particular, this improvement procedure may be applied to the schedule obtained from our first algorithm. We evaluate our algorithms using real-world data feeds.


ith the advent of recent standard of high data rate communication standards, the systems need to meet the requirement of multi-frequency processing. Moreover to achieve backward and forward compatibility across communication standards, reconfigurable and tunable designs are preferred. This paper proposes a fully digital reconfigurable all pass filter (APF) with a tunable passband to meet such requirements. The reconfigurable APF is capable of band tuning using a digital current control source (DCCS) which uses a digital word count making it most effective and simple reconfigurable design than the already reported designs. This can be widely used in different systems, e.g., 5G receivers, radar communication, cyber security, sensor interfaces, etc. This APF is also connected to Schmitt trigger inverter for smooth communication. Moreover, the circuit is designed to be inductor less thus making the design area efficient and suitable for wide range of applications and systems. The proposed design is simulated using 65 nm GPDK CMOS technology that achieves a wideband range of 0.1-15 GHz and achieves a bandwidth of 12.6 GHz with a gain of 15.5dB with a time delay of 1.62ps. The static power consumption of the circuit is only 2.52mW.


A performance trial of six weeks was conducted to study the effect of different levels of canola meal as a replacement of soybean meal on growth rate of broiler chicks. Five isocaloric isonitrogenous broiler starter and finisherrations containing 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 % canola meal replacing soybean meal were fed to three experim~ntal u.nits of 10 c~icks e~ch, ~or the first 4 weeks and subsequent 2 weeks, res~ectively. Average body weight gam was the highest m chicks fed starter and finisher rations without canola meal, while it was the lowest in chicks fed ration containing 20% canola meal. The difference in body weight gain was nonsignificant (P>0.05) between rations containing 0 and 5% canola meal. Almost similar observations were recorded in respect of feed consumption and feed:gain ratio.


Greater loneliness has been found to predict increased dementia risk in older adult populations. Yet, factors rather than loneliness, like objective social connections and depressive symptomatology, may explain away effects of loneliness on dementia risk. In a longitudinal sample of Swedish twins, we examined whether baseline scores and change in loneliness predict dementia risk. Additionally, we examined whether familial factors (shared genes and/or environments) confound the predictive utility of loneliness on dementia status. Finally, we hypothesized the observed effects of loneliness on dementia risk would be greater in women than men.


The study of variability of morphological features in red-colored varieties of amaranth and their correlations at different stages in the conditions of the Moscow region makes it possible to identify features that affect productivity, amount of amaranthine and other biologically active substances. After analyzing vegetative characteristics, the varietal features of amaranth plants were proved to have a smaller impact on root length, plant height and number of leaves characteristics than the cultivation conditions, especially at the initial stages (ISB (Influence share of the weather conditions) from 22 to 58 %). It follows from the phenotypic variability analysis that the genotypic component values varied significantly only at the last stages (Cvg 35 %). The maximum values of phenotypic variability were marked in all varieties at the stage of active growth considering the root length (Cve = 3247 %) and the number of leaves (Cve = 4885 %). The generative characteristics seemed to be significantly influenced by the varietal factor (ISA (Influence share of varietal characteristics) = 4088 %) starting from the third stage. The genotypic component of all varieties was high considering the inflorescence weight (Cvg = 7586 %). In signs of general productivity, it was studied that the leaves (93112 g/plant) contributed the most for amaranth forms, which mass in all varieties largely depended on weather conditions (ISB 55 %). The interrelation of the leaves productivity was noted high with all the vegetative characteristics on phase III-V (r = 0.710.92) and with inflorescence mass on phase V-VI.


Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising new treatment for cancer that has been recently accepted in the clinic, in which sensitizer followed by irradiation induce generation of ROS. ROS kill the tumor cell, and cell apoptosis is the main means of cell demise. In this paper, the death-receptor 、mitochondria and -mediated apoptosis signaling pathways have been summarized.


Abstract According to a recent poll conducted by VTsIOM, only a quarter of Russians 'consider themselves Europeans', with approximately 55% claiming that they 'never' felt they belonged to the history and culture of Europe. The remaining 20% had difficulty in answering the question. The poll also showed that for an absolute majority of Russians questioned, neither the largest countries of the West, nor the industrialised countries of the East, let alone Islamic states, offered an attractive pattern of development. Approximately 60% think that Russia has 'its own special way'.


Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the association between serum PKC-B isoform activity levels and various biomarkers such as insulin resistance in sera of Iraqi patients with diabetic nephropathy complications. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 100 samples obtained from Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital, Al-Hussein Medical City, Kerbala Health Directorates / Kerbala – Iraq during Nov., 2019 to Sep. 2020. Thirty patients have type 2 diabetic nephropathy, 40 patients with type 2 diabetic without nephropathy and 30 samples as apparently healthy control. Biochemical data, comprising serum PKC-B level, lipid profile, blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and renal function tests such as urea, creatinine and GFR were investigated. Results: The study included 63% male and 37% female. The results indicated that there was a significant difference in blood glucose, HbA1c%, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), urea, creatinine, GFR and PKC-B between diabetic nephropathy and non-diabetic nephropathy groups (P-value <0.05). Serum PKC-B activity was significantly correlated with blood glucose, HOMA-IR, creatinine and GFR among diabetic nephropathy group, while, HbA1c% and blood glucose was positively correlated with PKC-B level in non-diabetic nephropathy group. Conclusion: The observed data conclude that PKC-B level is higher in patients with diabetic nephropathy complication as compared with T2DM and healthy control. Also there is a significant correlation between PKC-B level and renal function tests in DN group which indicate an important role of PKC-B level in pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy complications.


The paper deals with numerical studies of basin‐scale dynamics of soil moisture in arbitrarily heterogeneous conditions (i.e., in presence of heterogeneity of climate, soil, vegetation and land use). Its relevance stems from comparative analysis of the probabilistic structure of spatially averaged soil moisture fields with the corresponding exact solutions of the underlying simplified stochastic point processes. The probabilistic structure of coarse‐grained soil moisture fields is largely controlled by temporal fluctuations of intermittent rainfall fields. Averaged properties are also affected by heterogeneous soil and vegetation features and by the spatial scale of aggregation. Here, we employ results from extended Montecarlo simulations of a continuous model of the hydrologic response that proved suitable to describe observed events. The comparison of numerically derived soil moisture probability density functions with exact simplified solutions suggests, somewhat unexpectedly, that the analytical model can reasonably describe the large‐scale behavior of spatially‐averaged hydrologic fluxes through physically meaningful, basin‐scale soil and vegetation parameters. The application of a seasonally variable, stochastic climate model shows pronounced daily fluctuations in the relationship between water losses and soil moisture, related to the underlying climatic fluctuations. The resulting spatially averaged soil moisture probability density functions in heterogeneous catchments, however, do not show appreciable differences with respect to the ones obtained assuming constant mean climate conditions. We thus conclude that effective basin‐scale states, which average highly heterogeneous (spatial/temporal) properties allowing exact probabilistic descriptions, indeed exist, with implications for large scale estimates of soil‐atmosphere interactions.


Forest litter decomposition is an essential component of global carbon and nutrient turnover. Soil invertebrates play important roles in litter decomposition, but the regional pattern of their effects is poorly understood. We examined 476 case studies across 93 sites and performed a meta-analysis to estimate regional effects of invertebrates on forest litter decomposition. We then assessed how invertebrate diversity, climate and soil pH drive regional variations in invertebrate-mediated decomposition. We found that (1) invertebrate contributions to litter decomposition are 1.5 times higher in tropical forests than forests outside the tropics, with an overall contribution of 31% to global forest litter decomposition; and (2) invertebrate diversity, particularly of termites, together with warm, humid and acidic environments in the tropics are positively associated with forest litter decomposition by soil invertebrates. Our results demonstrate the significant difference in invertebrate effects on mediating forest litter decomposition between the tropics and elsewhere. We demonstrate, also, the significance of termites in driving litter mass loss in the tropics. These results are particularly pertinent in the tropics where climate change and human disturbance threaten soil invertebrate biodiversity and the ecosystem services it provides.


Introduction to the open source citation management software, Zotero. An introduction to setting up and beginning to use the software Zotero.


The authors consider the performance of a cellular radio, direct-sequence code-division multiple access, (CDMA) system. The base-to-mobile link is modeled as a flat Rayleigh fading channel, with all signals transmitted from a given base station fading in unison. For the mobile-to-base link, the authors use a similar model, except that the waveforms from all users are assumed to experience independent fading. The effects of imperfect power control are shown. >


Indian government spokespersons have at various times since 2003 stated that data protection Bills have been drafted, but none have been introduced into the legislature as yet. Since 2011 there have been three significant steps toward such legislation: (i) a draft The Right to Privacy Bill, 2011 drafted by the Department of Personnel and Training and considered (largely favourably) by the Committee of Secretaries (2011); (ii) recommendations for a Bill from a report by a government-appointed 'Group of Experts' chaired by former Justice A P Shah (2012) , and (iii) a non-official Bill developed in 2013 by a civil society organisation, the Centre for Internet & Society, Bangalore.

While these three Bills have their differences, their many similarities include coverage of both public and private sectors, a data protection authority, a conventional definition of 'personal information', and privacy principles generally up to 'minimum' OECD standards. They differ somewhat on the range of enforcement methods and whether individuals would have court actions available. Modest improvements could bring any of them to an international standard. None of these draft Bills have yet been adopted as government proposals. By and large, they are all proposing 'normal' data privacy laws such as are found in most of the more than 100 countries with such laws. These Bills and proposals would fit somewhere on the spectrum from 'weak' to 'moderate'. The most likely future for data privacy in India is that it will go down this path.

This paper compares these three draft Bills.


The CD2 glycoprotein has been implicated in both positive ment of positive selection, the lack of CD2 was associated and negative regulation of T-cell mitogenesis. To study the with defects in proliferative responses and interferon-g proinvolvement of CD2 in T-lymphocyte development and imduction when transgenic thymocytes and mature T lymphomune responses, we have analyzed two lines of CD2-null cytes were stimulated with the appropriate antigens. These mice, each expressing a distinct class I major histocompatifindings raise the possibility that impaired sensitivity to sebility complex (MHC)-restricted T-cell receptor (TCR). In both lecting ligands in the thymus may provide a selective advansituations, the absence of CD2 appeared to promote the postage that improves the efficiency of positive selection for itive selection of cells in a manner that is similar to that certain TCRs. Furthermore, the results highlight the potenwhich occurs in the absence of CD5. Consistent with this, tial for a differential role for CD2 in thymocyte selection and compound homozygotes that lacked both CD2 and CD5 T-cell immune responses. showed evidence of enhanced positive selection even in the q 1997 by The American Society of Hematology. absence of a transgenic TCR. Despite the observed enhance-


Summary

The aim of this study was to investigate the lipolysis and lipid oxidation of Staphylococcus xylosus 135 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 31 in Suan yu. Suan yu were made inoculated with and without two strains at different stages, and model systems of emulsions were also established. Lipolysis and lipid oxidation were evaluated by determining the changes in free fatty acid (FFA) content and composition, conjugated diene (CD) value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value. The total FFA of the sample without cultures increased from 476.61 mg/100 g fat to 1413.89 mg/100 g fat after 5 weeks fermentation, while those of samples with cultures declined to 258.98 and 452.89 mg/100 g fat, respectively. On the other hand, CD and TBARS values of samples with inoculation markedly increased. In the model system, higher FFA, CD and TBARS values for the samples added with CFE were observed. This study showed that Staphylococcus xylosus 135 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 31 made a significant contribution to lipolysis and lipid oxidation during the processing of Suan yu.


Abstract This article examines the reliability of tsunami recordings from tidal wells. Mareograms of tides, storm surges, and tsunamis recorded in tidal wells are introduced to determine their usefulness for observing variations in recorded sea levels and vertical speeds. A dynamic model is presented to discover whether the sea level near the coast can be well detected even in a tidal well. The sea level's vertical speed is affected by the structure of the well and by frequency characteristics of the sea level variations just outside it.


It is interesting to observe that Dioscorea dumentorum contains extractives that have both hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic properties. The use of the plant drug in the treatment of diabetes will depend on the proper processing of the plant extracts in order to obtain the desired effects. We are presently investigating the effect of dioscoretine on other animal species and on experimentally-induced hyperglycemia.


Nearly 2300 years ago, the Greek mathematician Euclid of Alexandria laid down the basis of the geometry now known from the textbooks and used in everyday life [...]


Seed mass and shape of grasses were analysed in a temperate flora containing 178 and 26 species belonging to C3 and C4 photosynthetic types respectively. The weedy character and the annual or perennial status were also considered. On the basis of the seed traits studied, three groups were distinguished: C4 grasses, annual C3 grasses of weedy character and perennial non-weedy C3 grasses. The C4 group had more isodiametric (same diameter in all directions) seed shape and lower average seed mass than the C3 group. To our knowledge, this has not yet been described for temperate C4 grasses and is certainly associated with their preference for open habitats where competition for light is small. Weedy annual C3 grasses had heavier and less isodiametric seeds than C4 grasses did. These species are mostly specialized to establish in the dense cover of perennial vegetation, and this ability distinguishes them from the C4 group. Non-weedy perennial C3 species possessed less isodiametric seeds than did C4 grasses, but did not differ from weedy annual C3 grasses. As most alien C4 grasses naturalized in Hungary are annuals with small, isodiametric seeds, these traits are good candidates to be included in screening for potential future invasives in open habitats.


We present a method to reconstruct the geometry and energy of high energy muon tracks in IceCube. Through a log-likelihood optimization procedure, an event hypothesis is obtained by maximizing the agreement of the expected amount of light (as function of time) in the optical modules with the shapes of the pulses recorded in the optical modules. This reconstruction method aims to use all information contained in the waveforms recorded in the IceCube digital optical modules (DOMs), by comparing those waveforms directly with the expected arrival time distribution of Cherenkov photons at the DOM after emission from a hypothetical track, taking into account the optical properties of the South Pole ice. We expect that this method will be effective in particular for highly energetic events in which a significant fraction of the DOMs records many photo-electrons. Currently, for simulated events within an energy range of 100TeV to 32 PeV which were reconstructed as throughgoing, we obtain an energy resolution of 0.34 in Log(E/GeV) and an angular resolution of 0.62.


A finite electric dipole moment (EDM) in any fundamental system would constitute a signal for new physics. The deuteron presents itself as an optimal candidate both experimentally and theoretically. A new storage ring technique is being developed for which a small change in the vertical polarization would be a signal of a non‐zero EDM. A novel polarimeter concept is under investigation. Besides being highly efficient, this polarimeter should continuously monitor the beam polarization, guaranteeing optimal sensitivity. Detailed studies on systematic error control, in addition to the measurement of cross sections and analyzing powers, were carried out at KVI‐Groningen in The Netherlands. Measurements were conducted at COSY‐Julich in Germany yielding high efficiencies. The (statistics limited) ability to track changes in polarization at the level of a few hundred parts‐per‐million has been demonstrated. Further studies and developments to meet the final goal of sub‐part‐per‐million sensitivity are in progress.


The US Army currently has five flame/thermal protective clothing systems to provide protection for soldiers against fire hazards. The protective performance of these clothing systems against burn injuries was investigated in full‐scale manikin tests. The protective performance of fabric layers of these clothing systems was also examined in bench‐scale tests. In addition, air gap thicknesses and distributions of the five clothing systems were determined by using a three‐dimensional laser scanning technique. In this paper, test conditions of the manikin and bench‐scale tests are compared, and the test results are correlated in light of the air gap measurements. The behavior of individual sensors on the manikin with similar test conditions to those of bench‐scale tests are compared with the bench‐scale tests. It is found that if the air gap distribution of a clothing system is known, bench‐scale tests could provide useful information for full‐scale performance, especially bench‐scale tests with zero air gap measurements. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The authors review the history of mental health models as well as related systems of professional education and service delivery. The current situation is criticized as being too concerned with professional privilege and hierarchies while seeming to ignore both gaps in and duplication of services. The authors therefore suggest the need for more organizational paradigms for the mental health field; these are to be derived rationally from the community's needs and the expanding knowledge pool. To the authors this suggests a system of hierarchical education based on career steps that could be entered at various levels of competence and certification.


The author holds that cognitive analysis is of great significance in guiding the teaching of English listening comprehension.Teachers should actively apply the basic principles of cognitive analysis to guide their teaching activities so as to effectively develop the students' ability of listening comprehension.


Using the datas reported so far on the mechanical properteis of Bi/Ag oxide superconductings of tape conductors, critical issues on designing a medium size, high field magnet are discussed. The mechanical properties of the conductors limit the scales of asuperconducting magnet into a narrow region of the radius and the generating magnetic field. In order to constract a large scale magnet beyond the limit, an intensive improvement the mechanical properties such as irrevasible strain and matrix yield stregth should be done on Bi/Ag oxide superconducting tape conductors.


Bradycardia after gas insufflation during laparoscopic surgery should be taken seriously as it maybe develop a cardiac arrest. A 25 years old healthy male patient with no medical history or previous anesthesia was scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Suffered from unexpected intra-operative cardiac arrest after Bradycardia few minutes after CO2 pneumoperitoneum insufflation. It was immediately corrected with quick response, IV Atropine administration, and deflation of pneumoperitoneum. The patient underwent a successful surgery at the same setting. This article identify successful management strategies in the possible prevention and treatment of cardiac arrest after Bradycardia during laparoscopic surgeries.


From the primary side of the membrane to the secondary side is passed through the treated water is filtered to wash and filtration mode for filtering the 該被 treated water, the filtration membrane from the secondary side is passed through the ozone water on the primary side of the filter membrane a membrane filtration apparatus having a membrane cleaning mode, includes a transmembrane difference pressure regulator for controlling the transmembrane pressure ΔP is the difference between the liquid pressure and the liquid pressure of the secondary side of the primary side of the filter membrane, transmembrane difference pressure controller is in the filtration membrane cleaning mode, from the initial pressure difference [Delta] P


To the Editor:— In the communication on the treatment of erythroblastosis fetalis inThe Journal, April 28, Dr. Ruth Renter Darrow emphasized certain aspects of the condition which have been neglected. It is conceivable that, in cases in which an Rh negative donor cannot be found, Rh positive blood, given slowly and under constant observation to an erythroblastotic child, may be the lesser evil as compared to no transfusion. So far as these cases go, her statement that no infant should die while Rh negative blood donors are being sought may be a useful antidote to excessive and inflexible dogmatism on the need for Rh negative donors. However, situations in which the use of Rh positive blood is justified would seem to be exceedingly rare. In view of the existence of much misapprehension about the mechanism of erythroblastosis due to Rh incompatibility, it is perhaps more necessary at present to


Author(s): Yang, LX; Rohde, G; Rohwer, T; Stange, A; Hanff, K; Sohrt, C; Rettig, L; Cortes, R; Chen, F; Feng, DL; Wolf, T; Kamble, B; Eremin, I; Popmintchev, T; Murnane, MM; Kapteyn, HC; Kipp, L; Fink, J; Bauer, M; Bovensiepen, U; Rossnagel, K | Abstract: Time- and angle-resolved extreme ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy is used to study the electronic structure dynamics in BaFe2As2 around the high-symmetry points Γ and M. A global oscillation of the Fermi level at the frequency of the A1g(As) phonon mode is observed. It is argued that this behavior reflects a modulation of the effective chemical potential in the photoexcited surface region that arises from the high sensitivity of the band structure near the Fermi level to the A1g(As) phonon mode combined with a low electron diffusivity perpendicular to the layers. The results establish a novel way to tune the electronic properties of iron pnictides: coherent control of the effective chemical potential. The results further suggest that the equilibration time for the effective chemical potential needs to be considered in the ultrafast electronic structure dynamics of materials with weak interlayer coupling. © 2014 American Physical Society.


The article is devoted to philosophical reflection of Voyno-Yasinetsky activities and scientific work. The necessity of in-depth study of his artistic heritage is substantiated.


The aim of our study was to evaluate prospectively the diagnostic performance and prognostic significance of 18F-FDG PET/CT in comparison with 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) imaging in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with refractory or relapsed high-risk neuroblastoma (16 male and 12 female patients; age range, 2–45 y; median age, 7.5 y) were simultaneously evaluated with 18F-FDG PET/CT and 123I-MIBG imaging before treatment with high-dose 131I-MIBG. We compared the 2 methods in mapping tumor load, according to the extent of disease and intensity of positive lesions identified in each patient. Separate comparisons were performed for the soft-tissue and bone–bone marrow components of tumor burden. Survival analysis was performed to assess the prognostic significance of 18F-FDG and 123I-MIBG imaging parameters. Results: 18F-FDG PET/CT results were positive in 24 of 28 (86%) patients, whereas 123I-MIBG imaging results were positive in all patients. 18F-FDG was superior in mapping tumor load in 4 of 28 (14%) patients, whereas 123I-MIBG was better in 12 of 28 (43%) patients. In the remaining 12 (43%) patients, no major differences were noted between the 2 modalities. 18F-FDG PET/CT missed 5 cases of bone–bone marrow disease, 4 cases of soft-tissue disease, and 6 cases of skull involvement that were positive on 123I-MIBG scans. Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that the group of patients (4/28) in whom 18F-FDG was superior to 123I-MIBG had a significantly lower survival rate than the others. Tumoral avidity for 18F-FDG (maximum standardized uptake value) and extent of 18F-FDG–avid bone–bone marrow disease were identified as adverse prognostic factors. Conclusion: 123I-MIBG imaging is superior to 18F-FDG PET/CT in the assessment of disease extent in high-risk neuroblastoma. However, 18F-FDG PET/CT has significant prognostic implications in these patients.


The derivation and generalization of the Navier-Stokes equation is discussed from a group-theoretical point of view. The distinction between longitudinal and shear modes is a broken-symmetry effect, which arises when a direction is chosen for the wave vector. Other symmetry-breaking effects encountered in computer simulations are discussed. The results are used in an accompanying paper [Logan and Visscher, following paper, Phys. Rev. A 39, 1298 (1989)] to extract transport coefficients from simulation data.


The Aerodynamic Performance of 2D Savonius Rotor in Ground Effect is Numerically Simulated through Solving Unsteady Compressible RANS Equations and the Standard k-ε Turbulence Model. the Calculation Results Indicate that the Ground Effect Influences the Starting Performance and the Power Output. the Optimal Height between the Ground to the Lowest Part of the Rotor is 0.4 Times Rotation Diameter, at which the Starting Performance is Optimal. the Ground Effect also Increases the Power Coefficient and the Tip Speed Ratio Corresponding to the Maximum Power Coefficient. when Determining the Rated Tip Speed Ratio, the Fluctuation of the Torque Values and the Power Coefficient with Different Tip Speed Ratio should be Synthesized.


In recent years, we spent more and more time in our cars. So it became obvious to implement Car Entertainment Systems into the car for comfort and driver information. Car entertainment began with AM-reception on short wave bands. FM-tuners on VHF bands followed soon, with stereo sound, cassette players and CD-players to entertain passengers. Today we know a number of different analogand digital broadcasting systems, such as DAB, DMB, DRM, DVB, as well as satellite broadcasting systems such as SDARS.


Platelets play an important role in normal haemostasis halting blood flow immediately after injuries through four fundamental different mechanisms: adhesion, aggregation, secretion, and expression of procoagulant activity. First, in the presence of vascular damage, platelets adhere to the connective tissue and, particularly when the damage occurs in vessels with a low shear rate, to subendothelial collagen, fibronectin and laminin. On the other hand, when damage occurs in regions with a high shear rate, platelet adhesion requires the presence of subendothelial von Willebrand factor (VWF) and specific platelet receptors, such as the glycoprotein Ib/IX/V (GPIb/IX/V) complex. In any case, following initial adhesion, platelets aggregate to complete the formation of a solid haemostatic plug. Platelet aggregation requires stimulation by agonists such as ADP, thrombin, collagen, or epinephrine, as well as the presence of calcium or magnesium ions and specific plasma proteins (fibrinogen, VWF and the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) complex). Platelet stimulation results in the generation of intracellular second messengers that convey the stimulus back to the platelet surface, exposing protein binding sites on GPIIb/IIIa. Fibrinogen (or VWF) then binds to GPIIb/IIIa and cross-links adjacent platelets to produce platelet aggregates, following platelet secretion and the elaboration of platelet procoagulant activity. In platelet disorders caused by a reduction in the number of platelets (thrombocytopenia) (Table I) or by platelet function defects (thrombocytopathies) (Table II), bleeding generally occurs immediately after injury, primarily in the skin, mucous membranes, nose, and gastrointestinal and urinary tracts and, generally, does not involve joints and muscles. Congenital disorders are uncommon and sometimes may be misdiagnosed with acquired disorders, which are much more frequently encountered in clinical practice. The differential diagnosis between congenital or acquired platelet disorders is often very complex and requires medical experience and a careful assessment of the patient's personal and family history of bleeding episodes. A lifelong bleeding diathesis may suggest a congenital platelet disorder, which is often first recognised during childhood, but an onset in adulthood does not exclude a congenital defect. Because technological progress in laboratory practices and greater information about platelet functions have increased the specificity and accuracy of diagnosis of platelet disorders, a large number of cases has been identified recently. In this review, we describe current knowledge on congenital platelets disorders with regards to granule packaging, signalling and platelet coagulant function, and hereditary thrombocytopenias in order to improve information available for research and clinical practice.

Table I

Classification of thrombocytopathies


The review of the development of the CSP line is introduced in the article,the main process feature of CSP technology used in Maanshan Steel is presented in detail.It is also compared to that of other CSP line applied in China.Meanwhile,the advantages and the powerful capability of the line is described in the article.


4-Propargyloxy benzoic acid, 6-propargyloxy-2-naphthoic acid and 4′-propargyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid were synthesized from the corresponding hydroxy acids and converted into the acid chlorides. Diesters were then prepared by the reaction of these acid chlorides with diphenols such as hydroquinone, methylhydroquinone n-octylthiohydroquinone and phenylhydroquinone. Most of these diesters form an enantiotropic nematic melt but some diesters form a monotropic liquid crystal phase. Cholesteric phases were observed for diesters of (S)-2-methylbutylthiohydroquinone. Diesters derived from 6-propargyloxy-2-naphthoic acid begin to crosslink above 200 °C with an optimum cure temperature of 240–250 °C. The crosslinking of the 4′-propargyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid derivatives occurs at a temperature 60 °C higher. Several diesters crosslink in the nematic state, but most of them undergo isotropization before completion of the crosslinking process. Numerous cholesteric blends of nematic diesters and chiral diesters of isosorbide were studied and Grandjean textures with bright colours were found. Thermal crosslinking in the cholesteric phase was feasible in several cases.


Objective:In order to provide anatomical bases of nutcracker sign in children,the superior mesenteric artery(SMA) angle and its related anatomy in children were measured and studied on CT arteriograms.Methods:Angles of the SMA with the abdominal aorta(AA),the distances(m and n) between SMA and AA at the levels of upper and lower margins of left renal vein(LRV) were measured in 32 children without related vascular diseases.The maximal lumen diameter of the segment of LRV at the left of AA(a) and that of the segment of LRV lying between SMA and AA(b) were respectively measured.The ratios of a/b were calculated.All the above CTA measurements were accomplished with a 16-rowed detector scanner and the children in a supine position.Results:The mean of angle between SMA and was(68.4±22.6) °,the average values of m and n were(6.5±2.7)mm and(9.5±2.8)mm respectively.The average values of a and b were(4.7±1.5)mm and(2.6±0.73)mm respectively.Ratios of a and b were shown as 2,n=14(43.75%) and 3,n=2(6.25%).Conclusion:On MSCT arteriograms,superior mesenteric artery angle and related vascular anatomy could clearly be demonstrated and accurately measured,therefore,MSCT was helpful to the establishment of clinical diagnosis of nutcracker syndrome.


The papers explores the origin and the meanings of post-conflict peacebuilding through the perception of international actors. It analyses the strategies of post-conflict peacebuilding and its al legal framework.


Grewia asiatica Linn. (Grewoideae) has been recognized as a traditional plant for the curing of various human disorders. The aim of present study was to evaluate different extracts (n-hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and aqueous) of fruit for estimation of phytoconstituents and antioxidant activity. Our results illustrated that methanol fruit extract exhibited strong antioxidant potential by DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl- 2- picrylhydrazyl) 90.1% (IC50-62.75 ± 0.069 μg), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) 65.98% (224 ± 0.032 μg), superoxide 71.1% (IC50-53.6 ± 0.05 μg) and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential) assay 7.68 ± 0.04 μmole Fe(II)/mg) generated free radicals. Furthermore, linear correlation studies have been performed between total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and FRAP assay, which determine the regression coefficient as 0.827 and 0.956 (respectively for total phenolic content and total flavonoid content). Moreover, methanol extract exhibited significant OH radical scavenging 91.1% (IC50 43.80 ± 0.03 μg). Altogether, the present study revealed methanol fruit extract as a potential source of antioxidants used in an ethno-medical system, explanatory for therapeutic application of free-radical-induced diseases. Methanol extract was also identified as 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl); 2,3-dihydro-3,5- dihydroxy-6-methyl-4h-pyran; Cis-vaccenic acid majorly by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry analysis.


Examination of 154 specimens representing nine species of the genus Neotoma revealed diploid numbers of 38, 52, 54 and 56. Six species had the diploid number of 52. Extensive polymorphism was found in two species, N. lepida and N. micropus. Chromosomal variation in the subgenus Neotoma was primarily in Fundamental Number and not in diploid number.


The article discusses modern agricultural parks' characteristics and effects on China's agricultural development.There are currently 13 provincial-level modern agricultural parks in Shanghai, which can be divided into science and technology,production,processing,eco-friendly,and export-oriented five categories according to their own characteristics.All the Shanghai modern agricultural parks' induced effects have been evaluated in terms of GDP,export,employment and technology by an economic elasticity calculating method.The calculated results show that in Shanghai the effect of agricultural technological progress is the most significant.In Shanghai modern agricultural parks there are such problems as unbalanced development,weak radiating capacity,and scientific and technical personnel shortage,and so it is recommended to improve the operational mechanism,management style and personnel training.


This chapter deals with the topic of Augmented Reality Mirrors (ARMs) – a kind of specular interfaces making use of Augmented Reality technology. The review presented in the chapter first analyses the current setups for the construction of ARMs. Secondly, it presents a study on their potential for inferring in human perception (e.g. behaviour and emotions) and the high interactivity potential and usability they have. In the third place, it shows their use in different areas of knowledge, namely entertainment, edutainment, clothing, arts and medical therapy. Then, the chapter presents a discussion, highlighting the current technological barriers and the need for more research. Finally, future challenges are provided.


The World Wide Web has attractions to language teachers as a new source of authentic materials. The article situates the use of Web sites in language learning within concepts of resource-based learning. Practical activities introduce a Web browser, a range of foreign language sites, and Information Gateways.


An approach to learning view-invariant object representations was explored based on the learning of legal or naturalistic view transformations in time, learned from the statistical properties of natural movies. A simple cell layer responded to localized oriented image structure, and a complex cell layer learned to respond to those subsets of simple cells with the strongest tendencies to trade off activity with each other in response to movement of the visual stimulus. Tradeoffs between simple cells were strongest in response to same-orientation translation, and fell off rapidly with changes in orientation. The local complex cell responses thus became insensitive to typical object motion, evidenced by broadening of response to stimulus phase, while remaining sensitive to local object form. The model makes predictions about synaptic learning rules in complex cells, and mechanisms of successive view-invariance in the primate ventral stream.


This is a case report of pneumothorax apparently as a result of nitr ous oxide used as anesthesia during laparoscopy. The patient a 32-year-old while woman in apparently good health maintained vital signs until 10 minutes after nitrous oxide insufflation had begun. The nitrous oxide was immediately discontinued. X-rays showed a 20% pneumothorax on the left side. After 4 hours in the recovery room breathing 100% pure oxygen X-rays showed almost complete resolution of the pneumothorax. The patient was discharged the next day without further complication. It is believed a tear in the visceral peritoneum allowed retroperitoneal dissection of the nitrous oxide to the mediastinum. Gas flow under excessive pressure used to maintain abdominal distension during laparoscopy can be dangerous and may lead to pneumothorax. Intraabdominal pressures greater than 40 cm H20 should be viewed with caution.


We have designed a new generation of stiff ordinary differential equation (ODE) solvers for the NAG LIbrary. They replace existing routines which are functionally inferior and have much less user-friendly interfaces. The redesign provides:(i) continuity and stability for users of NAG stiff solvers;(ii) general simplification of interfaces;(iii) new functionality - solving implicit and differential/algebraic systems;(iv) flexibly structured open ended software (based on implicit ODE methods) so that adding new integration methods is a simple matter;(v) a design which facilitates using the solvers from other packages;(vi) an interface which permits the solvers to be used at the "assembly language" level in packages written in more "robust" languages than Fortran77 (for example ADA).


The aim of the current reseach was to study synthesize a peptide tropic to the prostate-specific antigen and containing a cysteine knot. Materials and Methods : A comparative study of the efficiency of binding in vitro with prostate cancer cells of artificial peptides based on U5-scytotoxin-Sth1a toxin with an inserted peptide tropic to the prostate-specific membrane antigen and the radiopharmaceutical 177Lu-PSMA-617 is carried out. Three prostate cancer cell lines were used in the research. Results : Synthesized DOTA-Knot/C0-C1, DOTA-Knot/C1-C2 and DOTA-Knot/C2-C3 peptides containing the GTIQPYPFSWGY sequence inserted into U5-Sth1a knottin are more stable in blood plasma and saline and also show a similar degree of binding to LNCaP, PC3 cells compared with the 177Lu-PSMA-617 radiopharmaceutical. Conclusion : Modified peptides with a peptide tropic to the PSMA antigen inserted into the structure of U5-Sth1a demonstrate the greatest stability.


Anthony Downward Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand, email@example.com David Young Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto. This work completed whilst a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Auckland Energy Centre, email@example.com Golbon Zakeri Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand, firstname.lastname@example.com, http://www.epoc.org.nz


In the context of instrumental variables (IV) approach, the control function has been widely used in the Applied Econometrics literature. The main objective is the same: to find (at least) one instrumental variable which explains the variation in the endogenous explanatory variable (EEV) of the structural equation. Once this goal is accomplished, the researcher should regress the EEV on the exogenous variables excluded from the structural equation (instrumental variables). From this regression, usually denoted as first stage, one should obtain the generalized residuals and plug them into the structural equation (second stage). These residuals will then serve as a control function to transform the EEV into an appropriate exogenous variable. The main advantage of this method is that, unlike the two-stage least squares approach (2SLS), it can be applied to non-linear models (Wooldridge, 2015). Such situation arises when the outcome variable of the structural equation is discrete, truncated, or censored, for example. The estimation of a non-linear model, as opposed to the typical ordinary least squares regression (OLS), can also be required in the first stage. In this paper I provide an application to the later by estimating an accelerated failure model to explain the unemployment duration (my EEV). In order to apply the control function to non-linear models, Stata only offers the command etregress at the moment, which allows for a binary treatment variable. To complement this option, I hereby propose a user-written program which allows for a censored treatment variable. As the program is directed to duration models, the user will be able to choose the type of survival analysis to perform in the first stage. Due to the separate estimation of each stage the program calculates bootstrapped standard errors for the second stage.


Objective To study the clinical application effect of evidence-based nursing on patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods The clinical data of 240 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage admitted in our hospital from January 2008 to December 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. And the patients were divided into the control group and the evidence-based nursing group according to the order of admission. 120 patients in the evidence-based nursing group were treated by evidence-based nursing, the nursing problems were determined by evidence-based nursing method and the evidence-based nursing support was searched. 120 patients in the control group were treated by the traditional nursing method. The nursing effects were analyzed contrastively between the two groups. And the complications and prognosis of the two groups were compared.Results Compared with the control group, the incidence of complications of the evidence-based nursing group was lower. In addition, the prognosis of the evidence-based nursing group was more distinctly improved than the control group. Conclusion Evidence-based nursing has good clinical effect on patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and it can reduce the complications due to interventional treatment.


Data on capture fisheries in the southern region of East Java is a source of information that can be used to analyze the profile of fisheries that can be used as a reference in developing the port of fisheries especially in the southern region of East Java. The research objective was to determine the profile of fisheries in the southern region of East Java as the basis for the development of Fishery Port. The method used is descriptive analysis in order to obtain an idea of the profile of fisheries in the southern region of East Java. Potential data analysis and utilization of fisheries using Schaefer Methods. The results of the study are comparison of the eight districts in the southern region of East Java, Banyuwangi still dominate in the aspect of the number of fishing vessels, production and value of catch production and the number of fishermen. The Blitar district still lags behind in all aspects of fisheries. The dominant species of fish catches in the southern region of East Java include Lemuru (Sardinella sp), Tuna (Thunnus sp) Tongkol (Euthynus sp), Cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis), and Layang (Decapterus sp). Potential and level of utilization of the fish in the south of East Java in the period 2009-2013 are still in a state of sustainable/under fishing. Development of fishing ports in southern Java needs to be supported entirely by the government, so it can improve fishermen's welfare and development of the economy in the region with the scale of priorities.


Cysticercosis is regarded as one of the most important zoonotic diseases in world affecting approximately 50 million people world wide including Asia. It is caused by the larval stage of a taeniid tapeworm Taenia solium which is cyclically transmitted between human and pigs. Man acts as a definitive as well as an intermediate host of the parasite. Adult parasite present in the intestine is not so harmful and produces non-specific symptoms. However, the cysticerci lodge in the central nervous system, eye, subcutaneous tissue and skeletal muscles and produce the organ-related symptoms. In the present report, the prevalence of cysticercosis in various Asian countries has been reviewed with emphasis on swine and human cysticercosis. Control strategies have been discussed which include general public awareness, improvement of sanitation and provision of facilities for proper disposal of human faeces. A combined strategy utilizing both anthelmintic treatment of tapeworm carriers and vaccination of pigs may pave a way for elimination of the parasite.


Postural stability assessments are commonly utilized in evaluating the risk of injury, measuring neuromuscular deficiencies, and quantifying improvement after intervention. Postural stability can be measured using static or dynamic tasks. Previous research has demonstrated that there is no relationship between measures of static and dynamic postural stability, proposing the theory that dynamic tasks may be more challenging in neuromuscular control. Different measures of dynamic postural stability may also vary in difficulty and their relationship should be examined.7, 41, 51, 56 The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and Dynamic Postural Stability Index (DPSI) are both assessments intended to measure dynamic postural stability, but due to methodological differences each may challenge the sensorimotor system differently.21, 32, 72 Dynamic measures should also be compared to a static task to determine if one is more strongly correlated to a Single Leg Balance Test (SLBT). It was hypothesized that the relationship between the SEBT measures and DPSI composite scores would not be significant. Additionally, it was hypothesized that the SLBT and SEBT measures would demonstrate a significantly stronger relationship than the relationship between the SLBT and DPSI composite scores.
Twenty-one healthy, active participants volunteered to participate in this study. Each participant performed postural stability testing including the SLBT, SEBT and DPSI jump task. A correlation coefficient was calculated between SEBT measurements and DPSI composite scores. The relationship was not significant (r = 0.145, p = 0.554), indicating that scores from the two different dynamic tasks are not comparable and are potentially measuring different components of the sensorimotor system. The relationship between the SLBT and SEBT (r = 0.339, p = 0.156) was not significantly different from the relationship between the SLBT and DPSI (r = -0.035, p = 0.887; t = 1.443, p = 0.168). While postural stability assessments may not differ in difficulty, these findings help support the theory that different types of postural stability assessments are measuring different aspects of postural control. The outcomes from this study should validate the comprehensive use of multiple, differing postural stability tasks when measuring postural stability, and also when using tasks as a part of neuromuscular training.


It is also hypothesized that proficiency level may have a voice with respect to learning styles. Therefore, to throw light on this issue, the present investigation targeted the relationship between Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners' learning styles and their levels of proficiency at Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran. To this end, 120 EFL learners majoring in Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) and English Literature were randomly selected based on the Rubrics of Common European Framework of Reference (A1-C2) to participate in this study. They were then divided into low-proficient (A2-B1) and high-proficient (B2-C1) learners. The instruments used in this study were an International English Language Testing System (IELTS) Mock exam through which the participants' levels of proficiency were determined and Reid's Perceptual Learning Style Questionnaire to identify learners' perceptual learning style preferences. The questionnaire enclosed 30 statements allocated to each modality based on a five point Likert scale, ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The results of independent samples t-test and Spearman correlation coefficient revealed that there existed some significant relationships between students' learning style preferences and levels of proficiency. It was found that learners with high levels of proficiency favored Kinesthetic and Tactile learning styles more than other preferences, namely, Auditory, Visual, Group, and Individual learning style preferences. In addition, the low-level students were much inclined toward Visual and Group styles. Regarding the necessity of understanding learners' different styles, the implications of the study are discussed to consider the importance of individual differences.


Dramatic rate enhancements have been observed in the oxidation of acetone (MMK), ethyl methyl ketone (EMK), and isobutyl methyl ketone (IBMK) by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in the presence of a mixture of metal ions [Ru(III)


In order to solve issues about the design and analysis of the hammer crusher, and achieve the optimal dimensions of key parts on the premise of satisfying the performance requirements, the component analysis method based on analysis element and analysis tree is proposed. Based on the framework of software developing modeling simulation and optimization algorithm, and fully considering multidisciplinary collaborative optimization and characteristics of rigid-flexible coupling models, PCM400, PCM250, PCM160 hammer crusher are modeled integratedly, and then the shaft is optimized. The study results show that the method is feasible and effective and has important guidance significance in engineering practice.


Qualitative study by HPLC of PGs synthesis by rat sub-maxillary glands cells shows that PGE2 and PGF2 alpha are synthetized predominantly. PGF2 alpha synthesis is essentially related to extracellular ionic concentration of H+ and Ca++ suggesting that the activation of phospholipase A2 or C is more important than the concentration of other enzymes such as 9 intracytoplasmic ceto reductase. Modulation of PGs synthesis by sub-maxillary gland cells by extra cellular factors suggests a possible interaction between hormones (angiotensine II, catecholamines) and phospholipase A2 or C of the cell membrane of these cells.


Changes in physico-chemical properties of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) lipid bilayers caused by the addition of 9.4 mol% nonionic surfactant decaoxyethylene monododecyl ethers (C12E10) have been investigated by molecular dynamics calculations. In spite of addition of single chain C12E10, the lipid bilayers showed an increase of membrane area. Isothermal area compressibility, which is a measure of membrane softness in lateral direction, also increased by 50% for DMPC/C12E10 mixed bilayers. Furthermore, the order parameter of C–H vector for DMPC acyl tails decreased. We found that these changes are caused by the hydrophilic head groups of C12E10 which are located near the glycerol backbone of the DMPC molecules and have bulky random coil conformation without any preferential ordered structures.


The purpose of this study is to explore how English language learners' (ELLs) consultation of monolingual and bilingual dictionaries could influence their second language (L2) vocabulary acquisition. Although research has empirically indicated that dictionary use could possibly affect learners' second language acquisition (SLA) in various ways, inconclusive results can still be found pertaining to ELLs' L2 vocabulary acquisition based on their dictionary use. In order to bridge this gap, sixty-four ELLs were recruited and divided into two groups for this experimental study. Through both quantitative and qualitative analyses, the researcher examined how the consultation of monolingual and bilingual dictionaries could influence L2 lexical teaching and learning utilizing a 13,944-word lemmatized High Frequency Word List (HFWL) from the British National Corpus (BNC). The findings suggest that the consultation of monolingual dictionaries promoted students' L2 vocabulary acquisition, learning interest, confidence and positive attitude more effectively than that of bilingual dictionaries. Learners were also revealed to be cognizant of the salience of L2 exposure that monolingual dictionaries possess for reifying their L2 awareness and lexical development in an authentic fashion. Based on the outcomes yielded from this investigation, pedagogical and theoretical implications are discussed.


To identify snailfish specimens collected in the central and southern Yellow Sea, both morphology method and cytochrome oxidase subunit geneⅠanalysis were conducted in this paper. The results showed that 22 specimens were Liparis tanakae according to meristic and measurable characteristics, including the fin ray number of pectoral fin, anal fin, dorsal fin, caudal fin, the number of pyloric caecum, the ratios of head length/body length, body depth/body length, head length/snout length, interorbital space/eye diameter etc. In all L. tanakae specimens, 4 specimens were covered with obvious brown transverse spots. Five specimens had irregular spots, white radiation lines in ocular region, obvious longitudinal grain in the head and caudal fin. Nine specimens had the brown or black brown fine spots on the head and body side, one white patch in the base of caudal fin, and black anal fin. Another 4 specimens had reddish-brown with longitudinal striate, the fin membrane edge of dorsal fin, anal fin, pectoral fin, and caudal fin. There was one specimen belonged to Liparis chefuensis that had the irregular white spots in the head and body back, long caudal fin, the round convex at its back end, 6-7 dense spots in the two sides of the base of dorsal fin. These results were supported by the cytochrome oxidase subunit geneⅠanalysis. The genetic distance between 22 L. tanakae specimens were 0.002-0.003, and the genetic distance between L. tanakae and L. chefuensis was 0.134. The genetic distance between L. tanakae and the other species, for example L. dennyi, L. gibbus, L. fucensis were 0.057-0.067. These findings indicated that Liparidae species in the Yellow Sea were mainly composed of L. tanakae.


This paper intends to recover the critical dimension of the concept of "culture industry" against its affirmative use or its hasty rejection. In the first place the authors argue what culture industry is not, and they analyze the false alternative analysis to this concept. Afterwards they try to expose what is culture industry and which are its central features. Finally, the last section of the paper tries to update this concept by analyzing some actual examples.


The purpose of this letter is to report on the observation at State College of small, short-term phase fluctuations, on the 18-kc/s signal transmitted from NBA, Balboa, Panama Canal Zone, a north-south propagation path length of 3500 km.

The transmitter frequency is highly stable (the NBA carrier frequency of 18 kc/s is kept constant to about ±1 part in 1010 by means of a very stable quartz-crystal oscillator, and the quartz oscillator is regulated in accordance with atomic clocks of the cesium type), and the phase is recorded in State College, Pennsylvania, by heterodyning the signal to 2 kc/s by means of a stable frequency standard (1 part in 109 per day). The 2-kc/s signal is 'squared' and used to modulate the intensity of a Tektronix 515A oscilloscope, whose time base is triggered by a 2-kc/s signal derived from the frequency standard. A horizontal line trace appears on the oscilloscope screen, whose end point moves in direct proportion to the phase of the NBA signal. This display is highly sensitive, corresponding to 2.8° per centimeter of deflection, enabling measurements to be made to 0.5°. On the waveguide mode theory of Wait [1959] this corresponds to a change of ionospheric reflection height of 50 meters. This method of investigation thus provides a powerful tool for investigating small changes in the lower ionosphere which are usually not observed by other methods.


The systematic properties of the large scale structure of the universe can be explained in the string model with fractal dimension taken to be 1.4.


The present paper analyzes the negative influential factors of performance evaluation and ubiquitous software technology. The method of system engineering is used to settle the headache problems in practice. The paper forwards management research through empirical and theoretical analysis in the practice of Chinese performance evaluation. 9 Negative influence factors of evaluation or headache problems are listed. The paper also shows how to analysis multi-factors of evaluation with interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and gives the new method of computer arithmetic for multilevel system hierarchy. A Five-layer system about problems in performance evaluation is created, which involves some tough problems existing in the process of performance evaluation in China. Taking the performance management problems as orientation, the paper emphasizes particularly on the integrity and systemic of the problems existing in evaluation. The methods of new algorithm and negative impact factor analysis can be ubiquitous in requirement analyze of the evaluation software.


Thirty-six softwater lakes in central Ontario were sampled during 1988 to determine the relationship between metaphytic Zygnematacean algae and lake pH and the degree of complementarity between the presence of metaphyton and that of crayfish and tadpoles. A stratified sequential sampling program was developed to quantitatively measure and to objectively categorize average metaphyton abundance for each lake. A significantly greater proportion of lakes below pH 6 were found to contain extensive accumulations of metaphyton compared with lakes above pH 6. Lake pH and alkalinity were significantly correlated with metaphyton abundance. Macro-grazer density did not significantly influence the presence or absence of metaphyton, but reduced metaphyton abundance in those lakes which, because of their low pH or shallow depth, were predisposed to its accumulation. Managerial implications regarding the stocking of crayfish or tadpoles to limit the nuisance proliferation of metaphyton, and the importance of predaceous ...


The application of component technology could improve the reusability and flexibility of a software system,and is convenient for the maintenance and secondary development of the system.Meanwhile a product data management system(PDM) can help to build a CAPP system quickly with its platform functions.This paper discusses the strategy of developing CAPP systems based on component technology and PDM systems.A component model,system framework and interface model for CAPP systems are addressed.An instance of such a CAPP system based on TeamCenter of PDM and component technology is also presented.


With RBF (radial basis functions) interpolation, the generic facial model is automatically fitted to a special facial one based on selected feature points that are extracted from the input facial images manually. The inverse multi-quadrics are chosen as the base interpolating functions. The positions of chosen feature points are compliant to MPEG-4 standard. A realistic special face can be obtained through mapping texture to the fitted model. The results and discussion are shown at the end of the paper.


The way the 1st graders hurtle toward their computer workstations, you'd think they were headed out to recess. It's an unseasonably warm winter morning in San Jose, California, and the two dozen students at Rocketship Mateo Sheedy Elementary School get situated quickly in the computer lab, donning headphones and peering into monitors displaying their names. The kindergartners follow a moment later, until 43 seats are filled. The effect is of a miniature, and improbably enthusiastic, call center. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] This lab--and the larger plan for the school surrounding it-has probably done more than any other single place to create enthusiasm for "hybrid schools." Such schools combine "face-to-face" education in a specific place (what used to be called "school") with online instruction. (Rocketship uses the term "hybrid," rather than the increasingly prevalent term "blended learning," because the computers are not actually "blended" with face-to-face instruction in the same classroom.) It's a sign of how young the hybrid and blended field is that this school at the epicenter hails all the way back to 2007. Rocketship Education, a small but burgeoning network of charter schools that serves an overwhelmingly low-income immigrant community in San Jose, has made a name through its, forgive the phrase, high-flying student performance. Two of its three schools are old enough to have test scores. They rank among the 15 top-performing high-poverty schools statewide, and the site that opened in 2009 was the number-one first-year school in the state in the high-poverty category. But what positions Rocketship on the cutting edge of school reform is its vision for how technology will integrate with, and change, the structure of the school. (Disclosure: Our firm, NewSchools Venture Fund, is a significant investor in the work of Rocketship and of several other organizations mentioned in this article.) The scene in the computer lab represents the first steps toward realizing the Rocketship vision. In the lab, the 1st graders log in by selecting from a group of images that acts as a personal password, and then race through a short assessment that covers math and reading problems. Faced with the prompt "Put all the striped balls in one basket and all the polka-dotted balls in the other basket," a student named Jazmine uses her mouse to move the objects to their places. Then it's on to the core activity of her 90 minutes in the lab: a lesson on counting and grouping using software from DreamBox. The scenarios are slightly surreal-more objects to move, in this case mostly fruit, and the reward for getting it right involves an animated monkey bringing yet more fruit to a stash on her island-but she and most other students take on the task assiduously. It may be a lesson, but that's not how Jazmine sees it. "This game is really easy," she says. A bit later, she'll read a book from a box targeted at her exact reading level, and make a return visit to the computer to take a short quiz about what she read. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Despite the kids' engagement in the online lesson, no one is claiming that time in front of the computer is directly responsible for the extraordinary performance of Rocketship students. Rather, the online work is essential to the long-term vision for the school's instructional model-and for Rocketship's growth trajectory. Crucially, the lab requires an adult who has experience with children, but no teaching credential (nor, indeed, bachelor's degree) is required. For this class, it's a young mother named Coral De Dios, who dispenses help and order as the moment requires. Her ability to monitor the 43 kids here means that the school requires less staff, ultimately saving hundreds of thousands of dollars each year that can be plowed back into resources for the school, including staff salaries. In cash-strapped California, that's no small matter. …


Higher education policy and practice surrounding issues in undergraduate education have been dominated by studies that track traditional students who enroll in college right after graduation from high school. In recent years, an emphasis on transfer students is becoming more important to both the California State University system (CSU) as a whole, and to San José State University (SJSU). In fall 2008 alone, the CSU enrolled more than 35,000 California Community College transfer students, and two out of three graduating seniors in 2007-08 were transfers. At SJSU, about 42 percent of our new undergraduates and nearly two out of three of graduating seniors were transfers.