Internet and networks applications are growing very fast, so the needs to protect such applications are increased. Encryption algorithms play a main role in information security systems. This work gives an insight into the new concept called hybrid approach of conventional encryption, which gives the concept of strong encryption of the data. The symmetric encryption also called conventional encryption or single key encryption was the only type of encryption is use prior to the development of public-key encryption. All the conventional encryption algorithms are very weak concept of encryption and brute-force attack and cryptanalysis attacks can easily determined the plain text. With the increasing use of the secure transmission of data and information over the internet, the need of strong encryption algorithm increasing day by day. In this work of encryption technique we present a new concept of conventional or symmetric encryption algorithm that hybrid two primitive (i.e. Caesar Cipher and Columnar Transposition) and weak approach of encryption algorithm in multi stages to make the new approach more secure and strong than the earlier concept. The core of this algorithm is the use of two different secret keys for the Caesar Cipher and Columnar Transposition respectively. The cryptanalysis attack can not determine the plaintext easily, brute-force attack required long time to obtain plaintext. The mechanism used for this new hybrid algorithm is, first encrypt the message by applying Caesar Cipher technique and again Transpose the encrypted message receive from the Caesar Cipher, this process repeat again and again as many times as number of digits in the secret key for the Caesar cipher.


Shift in postindustrial societies, influenced by trends such as globalization and the growth of service economies, fuels the continuous growth of business travel—traditionally an arena of male dominance and reflective of women's historically domesticated role. Contemporary societal changes, however, have resulted in the increased participation of women as business travellers. Despite the importance of business travel to global tourism industries, scholarly research on business travel is lacking and gender issues have received even less attention. In the context of New Zealand, this study approaches women as active consumers in business travel, aiming to reveal the power relations perpetuating the male gaze as the norm that influences marketing and operational practices of the tourism industry. Both production and consumption arenas are investigated to uncover the perceptions of tourism managers, and to explore how women see themselves in the field. It is found that although women have gained access to perform in a globalized business world and see it as a form of empowerment, their travel experiences are negotiated within contexts of household and societal expectations. Multitudinous roles, ideological structures, and traditional dichotomies culminate in present tensions and challenges for 'her' participation in business travel, thus shaping and defining how women consume business travel products.


Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.usfca.edu/thes Part of the Earth Sciences Commons, Marketing Commons, Natural Resource Economics Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons, Nonprofit Administration and Management Commons, Operations and Supply Chain Management Commons, Other Business Commons, Psychology Commons, and the Sustainability Commons


Federal prosecution of child pornography offenders has increased dramatically in recent years. Many of these offenders are convicted of "receipt" and "possession" of child pornography under 18 U.S.C. § 2252 because they download images or videos of child pornography from the Internet. Section 2252 imposes a mandatory five-year minimum sentence for defendants convicted of "receiving" child pornography, but "possessing" child pornography carries no mandatory minimum sentence. There is simply no meaningful distinction between these two offenses or logical reason to punish "receiving" child pornography more severely than "possessing" it. The close nexus between "receipt" and "possession" has subjected convictions under both provisions to scrutiny under the Fifth Amendment's Double Jeopardy Clause. This Article focuses primarily on recent appellate court decisions examining whether the Double Jeopardy Clause prohibits convictions based on "receiving" and "possessing" child pornography. Those decisions are irreconcilable, leaving the scope of double jeopardy protection in this context unclear. This Article will analyze those decisions and flesh out their ramifications on sentencing. It will demonstrate that the Double Jeopardy Clause can, at times, protect child pornography offenders from the arbitrary difference in punishments for "receipt" and "possession" convictions. Ultimately, however, a consistent approach to analyzing these double jeopardy issues cannot remedy the adverse sentencing effects of § 2252's paradox. As a result, Congress must redraft § 2252 for clarity and consistency so that simple "receipt" and "possession" of images are prohibited by the same provision or punished equally by the Guidelines. Without congressional action, § 2252 will continue to adversely affect the integrity of child pornography sentencing.


Leadership is a must in this global competitive work.  Hence, the organization needs a leader who can understand and handle the complexity of the world.  Therefore, as a leader should always improve the quality of knowledge related to leadership and implement it in the field where they contribute for, in this research as been chosen by manufacturing sector in Yemen. According to (World Bank, n.d.), that manufacturing is one of the important sector in economic growth in Yemen. Due to the civil war has effected on the economy of the country, hence the economy most needs manufacturing guidance and leadership (Schmitz).  In this paper, will present the summarize and analysis the literature of leadership style, and focuses on the manufacturing in Yemen, since there is very limited literature relating to this topic.


c 1 2 2 0 -f 0 2 \0 1 6 0 9 \a c iv e \6 0 9 6 0 8 9 5 \d ra w in g \G ra p h ic s C o re l\ e w s a p e rN o ti e \2 0 1 4 -1 2 _ N o ti e O f_ P ro je c C h a n g e \6 0 9 6 0 8 9 5 _ N P C _ 2 0 1 4 -1 2 _ N o ti e .c d r Project Name: ZEP Wind Farm Ganaraska Project Location: Municipality of Clarington, Region of Durham, Ontario MOE Reference Number: 2482-96DPGE FIT Reference Number: FIT-FTFZ53C


1,2-Bis(2,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene was found to form an amorphous state in bulk by introducing diphenylamino substituents at both ends of the molecule. The glass transition temperature was as high as 103 °C. The amorphous film exhibited reversible color and refractive index changes by alternate irradiation with ultraviolet and visible light.


The present paper is intended as a contribution to the automatic treatment of Arabic language. It presents a project conducted at the Institute for Studies and Research on Arabization to develop a Syntactic Analyzer for this language. Taking into account the characteristics of Arabic language syntax, our framework draws on both old and modern theories of Arabic linguistics to account for our twofold objective. The project aims at classifying the syntactic rules that govern the Arabic sentence typology and building a syntactic lexicon. 385 syntactic rules constituting Arabic language, including different syntactic patterns and sentence forms, have been elaborated. The syntactic lexicon is taken to be an open source that includes a database of 24171 entries tagged with combinatorial features (that contribute to specifying various verb categories and context of use) in a manual and semi-automatic way. Such classification allows to better analyze Arabic syntax and, thus, enhance the role of the lexicon as an important linguistic resource in the automated treatment of Arabic language in general, and its various applications in grammar analysis in particular.


Li4Ti5O12 has been prepared via solid phase method using amorphous TiO2 and lithium hydroxide as starting materials.The influences of lithium salt excessive percentages and calcination temperature on the structure and electrochemical properties of Li4Ti5O12 are studied,and the properties of as-prepared sample are characterized by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM) and constant current charge-discharge.The results show that when lithium salt excessive percentage(ω) is 8% and calcination temperature is 800 ℃,the spinel Li4Ti5O12 with average particle size of 1.1 μm and the optimal electrochemical properties is obtained.The initial discharge specific capacity of the sample is as high as 170.18 mAhg-1,which is still 139.81 mAhg-1 after 50 cycles at a current density of 0.1C,the capacity retention rate is 91.27% during the 4~50th cycles.When the charge/discharge rate increases to 1.0C,the sample still remains initial discharge capacity of 141 mAhg-1,and the discharge capacity is 107.33 mAhg-1 after 50 cycles,the capacity retention rate is 77.74% during the 4~50th cycles.


The four selected countries (or economies) in East Asia, namely Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, and China, are marked with disparate pictures of transparency and corruption situations. In terms of well-known transparency or lack of corruption indicators such as the Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index (CPI) and the World Bank's Control of Corruption feature in its Worldwide Governance Indicators, Japan is shown to have the most transparent or corruption-free picture, followed by Taiwan, South Korea, and China. It is true that each of these countries or economies had gone through many years and various episodes of corruption incidence involving, for example, former prime ministers of Japan and former presidents of Taiwan and South Korea, but in the last 10 years or so, these East Asian economies have succeeded in getting concrete and meaningful starts in their anti-corruption policies and actions in their respective economies. Even in China where the record of corruption is still high in comparison with the other three East Asian economies, the present China's leaders have shown serious interest and resolve in their fights against corruption, which have resulted in the punishment of several high-ranking officials. In all, these four East Asian economies could be said to have set good examples for other countries to follow with respect to transparency and anti-corruption efforts.


OBJECTIVE
To describe the development and implementation of a resident-led effort to increase coprescription of naloxone in a primary care setting.

DESIGN
An exploratory, prospective pilot project to increase coprescription rates of naloxone.

SETTING
Four primary care offices in western Connecticut serving as medical home training sites for primary care residents.

PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS
All patients on chronic opioid therapy.

INTERVENTIONS
Over a 2-month period, eligible patients were identified and approached to receive a naloxone coprescription.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Rate of coprescriptions written.

RESULTS
Three out of four training sites were able to increase coprescription rates, and 26 percent of eligible patients were able to have a prescription written.

CONCLUSIONS
Primary care practices, particularly primary care training sites, looking to implement a coprescription initiative should take several important factors into consideration during the planning stages, including naloxone availability and availability of the patient for naloxone education. More extensive research on best practices is needed.


During oil-water separation process, the influence of the operational parameters such as transmembrane pressure, crossflow velocity and feed temperature on the oil-water separation efficiency of TiO2 modified α-alumina microfiltration membrane was studied. The results show that the permeation flux of the membrane is 371.68 L•m-2•h-1 and the oil content in the permeation is 9.63 mg•L-1 when the TMP is 0.15 MPa, the crossflow velocity is 5.89 m•s-1 and the feed temperature is 30°C.


To investigate whether 4 weeks of normobaric "live high–train low and high" (LHTLH) causes different hematological, cardiorespiratory, and sea‐level performance changes compared to living and training in normoxia during a preparation season.


A cooperative congestion control based on the learning approach to solve congestion control problems on multimedia networks is presented. The proposed controller, which is capable of rate-based predictive control, consists of two sub-systems: a long-term policy critic and a short-term rate-adaptor. Each controller in a chained network jointly learns the control policy by real-time interactions without prior knowledge of a network model. Furthermore, a cooperative fuzzy reward evaluator provides cooperative reinforcement signals based on game theory to train controllers to adapt to dynamic network environment. The well-trained controllers can take correct actions adaptively to regulate source flow to simultaneously meet the requirements of high link utilization, low packet loss rate (PLR) and end-to-end delay. Simulation results show that the proposed approach is very effective in controlling congestion of the multimedia traffic in Internet networks.


Increasingly, research supports the importance of incorporating exercise into the cancer care paradigm. While quantitative studies have substantiated the significant effects of exercise on physical ...


Mrk 335 occurred short-time-scale variations in 1998 and 1999, respectively. One of them is microvariability, happened on November 20,1999. The corresponding emitting region is 0.807 light hours. The possible mechanism of microvariability is also discussed.


Structural complexity on coral reef has been shown to positively influence several measures of biodiversity, and is thus an important ecological variable. The common method used is the chain-method which measures coral rugosity. This study focuses on the influence of coral rugosity, height and diameter of coral colonies specifically Genus Acropora and Porites to the recruitment of fish juveniles using chain-method and fish visual census within 2m x 50m belt transect. Multiple regression revealed that coral structural complexity of coral Acropora in relation to fish recruitment inside and outside the MPA changes unpredictably and illustrates that it does not directly influence the recruitment patterns of fish juveniles whereas coral Porites inside the MPA shows significance in rugosity (.0008) and height (.0143) while outside MPA does not show significance in relation to the fish recruitment although only one species of coral Porites was observed in the sampling area ( Porites cylindrical ) both inside and outside MPA. Number of corals observed inside the MPA are greater than the outside of MPA. Hence, number of samples collected inside the MPA are 85% greater than the samples collected outside the MPA. Thus, future research must have higher sample size to have stronger evidence of correlation between variables. In addition, the recruitment pattern of fish juveniles maybe further explained with additional scopes including predation and influence of the exposures to the onshore current.


Graph theory applied to functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) analysis allows valuable and specific information of the functional network structure within the brain. Due to the sensitivity of graph theoretical measures, any noise in the data may alter these measurements, including subject head motion. However, noise in fMRI can be generated not only by head motion, but several other undesired sources, such as physiological noise or equipment errors. The amount of noise can be estimated though an outlier measurement of the time series within the voxels. This article aims to assess the impact of noise in fMRI data in Graph Theoretical Measurements (GTM), within a normal population, using two parameters; patient head motion and number of outliers in the functional data. With different threshold levels used to calculate the GTM (Global Efficiency, GE; Characteristic Path Length, CPL; Average Local Efficiency, ALE; Average Clustering Coefficient, ACC) we calculate the correlation with the two noise. We found high levels of correlation between GTM and patient motion estimation (ME) and outlier measurements (OM). However, there is a greater correlation between OM and GTM than ME and GTM. Our results demonstrated that GTM are affected by more than just head motion, but by other noise sources that can be captured by observing the outliers within the functional time series.


This paper investigates the effects of a nanofluidic channel width made out of graphene on the thermal conductivity of a water/copper nanofluid. It is shown that in the absence of a particle (i.e., pure water), the thermal conductivity is greater in narrower channels. However, when increasing the volume fraction of solid particles in the system the thermal conductivity is larger in wider channels than in narrower ones. This behaviour is attributed to the particle's destructive effect on the liquid structure at the solid-liquid interface, which is especially noticeable in channels of smaller width. For a particle loading of θ = 2.76%, the enhancement in thermal conductivity for a channel with width of 94 A is 10% greater than the corresponding one for a channel with width of 34 A.


Background: Spontaneous abortions lead to adverse outcomes that include preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation and gestational diabetes mellitus in later pregnancies. Objectives: The objective of the study was to explore the relationship of spontaneous abortions with gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women from rural and urban Lahore. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Health Sciences, Lahore in 2019. Among 60 pregnant women sampled, 30 had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 30 were normal pregnant controls. Pregnant women were sampled from different hospitals of rural and urban areas of Lahore. Independent sample t-test was applied for analyzing the data. Chi- square test was used to analyze the categorical variables. Association of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and abortions was checked. Odd ratio and relative risk were calculated. Results: Mean fasting blood sugar levels were significantly higher in GDM group (105 mg/dL) as compared to non-GDM group (80.50 mg/dL) at p<0.001. The proportions of the women with increased number of abortions had significantly higher blood glucose levels (OR 5.091, 95% CI, RR 1.27). Conclusions: Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortions.


A method for the determination of the crystallochemical characteristics of montmorillonites present in natural specimens has been worked out. I t is based on the transfer of the montmorillonite into an alkylpyridine complex which is subsequently extracted into a nonaqueous organic solvent. By using this method, the evaluation of the content of montmorillonite as well as of the total amount of admixtures is also possible. The factors influencing the accuracy of this method are discussed and the method itself is verified on four natural specimens of montmorillonite.


The heat conductive silicone rubber is prepared with methy1 viny1 silicone rubber as basic gum and SiCp (SiC particle), SiCp/SiCw (SiC whisker), graphite as heat conductive fillers. The effects of filler amount, filler shape, filler size and coupling agent on the thermal conductivity of silicone rubber have been studied in this article. The result shows that when the filling amount is increasing, the thermal conductivity of composite silicone rubber will increase too. There is no evident change for thermal conductivity with the small filling fraction, while the filling amount reaches a certain value, the thermal conductivity of composite increases obviously. Moreover, the thermal conductivity added with coupling agent (KH-602) is higher than that of composite without coupling agent addition.


J. M. Keynes pointed out the great possibilities open to government in regulating economic life. The problem of great unemployment in his time being possible to resolve in his interpretation, by a governmental increase of effective demand, in the first instance by a public works. Although the governmment today can, by stimulating effective demand, considerably influence economic movement, its role in contemporary economics has changed. The direction of governmental involvment should be directed towards human capital, scientific research, the advancement of the infrastructure, creating the best environment in which the enterprising spirit can flourish, the stability of economic movement, the growth of overall productivity for factors of production, and for advancing global competition.


The effects of a membrane restrictor's design parameters on the performance of a hydrostatic opposed-pad bearing are presented in this article. Compared to the single-pad bearing, the opposed-pad bearing can perform much better in terms of static stiffness over a wider load range. It is also found that, for small bearing eccentricity, the optimal design restriction ratio of 0.25 still results in high bearing stiffness even if the dimensionless stiffness of membrane is not the optimal value of 1.33. Furthermore, decreasing the ratio of the upper effective area to the lower effective area generally increases the applicable working range of the bearing. Additionally, for high loading demands, the chance for further improvement of bearing performance by employing different design parameter for each pad is examined. Finally, a design procedure for designing the membrane restrictor for an opposed-pad bearing to achieve high static stiffness is given.


On the basis of the relationship between company and its subsidiary, this article first explains the legal status of company and its subsidiary from their independent characters and the general application of them to the conflict and balance of their relationship. Then, it makes clear the rights, duties and responsibilities of company and its subsidiary. This explaination will give some reference to the theory and practice of company act.


Industry in this country has come under attack before, but probably never before has there been such a concerted and multipronged assault as we are witnessing now—nor probably have the arguments, charges, and issues been quite so basic or emotionally charged. Thus we have Ralph Nader taking on the previously almost untouchable automobile industry, kicking off his campaign with the book provocatively titled "Unsafe at any Speed." We have Dr. Barry Commoner shaking the house that pesticides built. We have Dr. George Wald almost seeming to use a scattergun approach as he peppers the landscape with a variety of causes. And throughout the country, we have vocal groups pleading their cases—good, bad, and indifferent. Are we really all that bad? We don't think so. Step back and look at the overall record and it's really quite good by just about any standard. Milton Friedman in the Sept. 29 issue of Newsweek ticks off a number ...


The roof framing in single-storey buildings with large foot prints, generally used for commercial, educational, or institutional purposes, often consists of a flexible steel deck or wood panel diaphragm. Resistance to seismic lateral loads is provided by steel bracings, masonry shear walls, concrete shear walls, wood panel shear walls, or cold formed wall systems. The response of such buildings to seismic loads is strongly affected by the flexibility of the roof diaphragm. Diaphragm flexibility alters the manner in which the inertia forces, shears, and bending moments are distributed along the length of the diaphragm. In addition, it causes a significant increase in the ductility demand on the lateral load resisting system that is expected to be strained into the inelastic range under the design earthquake. Results of a study on the linear and nonlinear seismic response of buildings with flexible diaphragms are presented.


The article is devoted to the comprehension of the contemporary cultural policy in the dynamic parameters of the regional development of Russia. Ensuing from the understanding of the public mission of culture and the role of cultural policy in strengthening of the country's unity; we have analyzed the existing trends in the cultural life of a regional subject. The article also notes that the social and cultural asymmetry leads certain regions to the state of "cultural encapsulation", i.e. existence in the format of "cultural poverty". On the materials of the Smolensk Region we trace congruity of the priority line of the regional cultural policy, the position of the local elite whereas a number of sociocultural collisions become evident. Also included in the article are the data of the author's applied sociocultural research in eight subjects of the Russian Federation. The analysis details the interconnection of the economy with the existent type of cultural interaction the RF subjects together with the training of professionals in the field of culture. On the basis of the unity of methods of synthesis and analysis, sociometry, as well as grouping of the data, a shift in the employment of the population has been marked; a growing vector of a subjective hedonization of education has been singled out which needs correction on the part of the state and regional cultural policy. We also determined an orientation of higher schools of culture and arts' graduates on the migration life strategy conditioned by the attractiveness of the territory and realization of culture as the driver of the regional policy. The article also discusses the basic "problem points" of the cultural policy at the federal level: declarative character of understanding of culture as a resource of social development and its "narrow-sectoral treatment"; reduction of education in the sphere of culture and art by artistic education: the damper character of the spiritual component of the sectoral (branch) education to counteract the anti-human, cynical and post-modernist extremes to defend the Russian societas from ignorance. A new spiral of the contemporary cultural policy of the country is able to strengthen the resource potential of culture.


This study aims to see how the development of financial performance of Cigarette companies, especially PT. H.M. Sampoerna Tbk. And PT. Gudang Garam Tbk. During the last three years from 2014 until 2016 using the method of financial ratio analysis. The financial ratios used are Current Ratio (CR), Quick Ratio (QR), Solvency Ratio, Fixed Asset Turn Over (FATO), Total Asset Turn Over (TATO), Net Profit Margin (NPM) and Return on Investments (ROI ). The results showed that in general the financial ratios of PT. H.M. Sampoerna Tbk. Better than the ratio of PT. Gudang Garam Tbk.


The investigation and study of deep sea ore is an important part of deep sea scientific research. In accordance with the requirements of the "Jiaolong" manned submersible deep ore sampling job, launched a design of portable deep cutting device which based on the "Jiaolong". By analyzing the working characteristics and structural features of world underwater cutting work tool, design a mounted Jiaolong's new portable electric deep-sea Large depth cutter. The mechanical structure design of the cutting knife is finished, and through the Fluent software to simulate the cutting knife of the flow field and water resistance of the saw blade in the deep sea conditions, Study on the variation of water resistance and resistance moment of the blade under different sea depth and different speed. For the application of diamond circular saw blade in deep-sea mining and cutting knife mounted the "jiaolong" to complete deep-sea assignments has important practical significance.


In this paper, we study an offline gradient method with inner-penalty for training multi-output feedforward neural networks. The monotonicity of the error function and weight boundedness for the offline gradient with inner-penalty are presented, both weak and strong convergence results are proved, which will be very meaningful for theoretical research or applications on multi-output neural networks.


Larynx cancer is developed from precancerous state. Some precancerous lesions such as Keratosis, Leukoplakia, Ery-throlplakia, Papiloma virus, etc., can be transformed into a cancer if they are note treated in time. In this paper, we propose a non-intrusive technique to detect precancerous lesions at an earlier stage. Hence, these lesions can be treated as soon as possible. The idea is based on the analysis of the human voice in order to detect pertinent acoustic features able to discriminate pathological voices with precancerous lesions from normal ones. We have tested a large number of speech acoustic features. A feature engineering methodology leads us to choose the most pertinent features. To detect mentioned lesions, several classification techniques are tested. Experimental results show the validity of the idea.


Despite continuing curiosity about the effects of content acceleration on student performance there is little quantitative confirmation of the benefits of these programs. This research attempts to fill this gap considering four years of Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority (VCAA) data relating to achievement in mathematics. These secondary data constitute experimental data for content acceleration in that schools without acceleration programs provide control data. However, the acceleration decision is not taken randomly by schools so these data are only quasi-experimental in nature. The measures used for mathematical performance (Mathematical Methods and Specialist Mathematics scores) are accepted as reliable and valid by the Victorian education system. Controlling for individual characteristics such as gender and prior knowledge, and allowing for moderation effects due to school setting and school sector, the effects of content acceleration are estimated using multilevel modelling. The results suggest that content acceleration is beneficial, especially for students with higher prior knowledge scores. The quasi-experimental nature of the data means that only a tentatively causal relationship between acceleration and mathematical performance can be claimed. However, the statistical control of other factors means that this conclusion can be generalised to other states, other countries and, probably, to other subjects.


Scientists increasingly set the long-term research agenda for NASA through decadal studies conducted by the National Academies' National Research Council (NRC) in fields from earth sciences to astrophysics. But those studies have come under fire recently from NASA chief Michael Griffin, who argues


Four field experiments were carried out in Yuyu Valley, South-West of Bahia State, Brazil, during the years 1980/81, 81/82, and 82/83 in medium and high natural fertility soils to define the best spacing (between rows) and sowing density on upland cotton for that region. The experimental design used was a factorial with common and non common treatments. The spacings tested were: 1.00 m; 0.80 m; and 0.60 m between rows. These spacings were common to all places and years, while 1,20 m was common to only three places. The sowing densities tested were 3; 7; 11; and 15 plants per meter of row and no thinning. Each experiment was analised separately and fourteen dependent variables were analised in a combined analysis of variance. The results showed to be 0.60 m the most productive spacing as compared with 1.00 m getting yield increment of 13.9%. In terms of sowing density, no significant differences in cotton yield were obtained among treatments.


In thispaperwe describe the performance oftheMultiplexer/Demultiplexer (MUX/DEMUX) in theDenseWavelength Division Multiplexer (DWDM) technology basedonarrayed waveguide grating (AWG). Theaccumulated crosstalk inlarge-scale AWG solvedby thecascade-connection of small AWGs. We proposetwo branchesof 64 channelseachhavetwo stagesof AWG cascadedas secondand thirdstages. We introduce aninterleaver filter basedonAWG toproduce oddandevenoptical channels (64) asaninputtoeachbranch, whichrelaxthe system bydoubling thespace between channels.


A process for the fabrication of lithium-drifted silicon radiation de tectors with thin entrance windows is described. High-resistance p-type silicon is diffused, drifted, and processed to form devices useful in a wide range of charged-particle and low-energy gamma experiments .


The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is a cross-sectional telephone survey conducted by state health departments with technical and methodological assistance provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The BRFSS survey consists of telephone interviews using randomly generated telephone numbers to determine the households contacted. The questions asked concern the leading causes of death, heart disease, cancer, diabetes, injury and other health-related behaviors.


Mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy, a powerful fast and broadband technique involves two combs that are mixed by free-space beam combining and generating beat signal. Here, we demonstrate for the first time on-chip QCLs integrated with combiners by leveraging Ge-on-Si platform and 3D self-alignment flip-chip assembly.


South African municipalities have been plagued by poor service delivery, with many communities experiencing inadequate access to basic services such as clean water, sanitation, electricity, and waste removal. Despite the country's progressive constitutional and legislative frameworks, the root causes of poor service delivery are complex and multifaceted. This study aims to explore the underlying reasons for service delivery challenges in South African municipalities, specifically focusing on the interplay between poor governance and structural and systematic factors. In other words, the study aims to identify and unpack the complex interplay between governance factors (such as corruption, political interference, and lack of accountability); structural factors (such as resource constraints, inadequate infrastructure, and capacity challenges); and systematic factors (such as historical legacies of apartheid, urban-rural divides, and socio-economic inequalities). The study employs a qualitative research approach, using document analysis to gather data. The data were analysed using thematic content analysis to identify the key themes and patterns that emerged from the data. The study draws on the New Public Management and Public Choice Theories to gain insights into the factors affecting service delivery. The findings highlight poor governance, urbanisation, corruption, political-administrative interference, political instability, and internal conflicts as major contributors to service delivery challenges in South African municipalities. Lastly, the study puts forth several recommendations to address these issues, including strengthening good governance and leadership, enhancing citizen participation, improving financial management, enhancing human resource capacity, fostering intergovernmental collaboration, reducing political-administrative interference, combating corruption, and addressing the impact of rapid urbanisation to promote sustainable service delivery.


Ewing sarcoma is one of the most common primary bone malignancies in children and young adults.The clinical manifestation of the disease is not specific, and it is easy to be missed in the early stage.The current treatment of Ewing sarcoma include radiotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy and targeted therapy.Progress in chemotherapy has improved survival to about 70% for patient with localised tumours, but patient with recurrence or refractory have a dismal prognosis.Targeted therapy is specifically directed to molecules associated with tumorigenesis and tumour progression, which is expected to improve the survival rate of patients with recurrent and refractory Ewing sarcoma.This paper reviews the diagnosis and treatment of Ewing sarcoma.

Key words:
Ewing sarcoma; Diagnosis; Targeted therapy


Concerned to the fields of rescue and reviewing, literary criticism of women literature has built such a fascinating odyssey: the archeological work of giving visibility to writers and works that have stridden across our literary history. As a result of that, the study of a delegitimized corpus composed by works of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth one is currently covered by one more aspect: to ensure that women writers and theirs works can be (re)read or can be, for the first time, an object of reading. Thus, the aim of this study, included into the plethora of works aimed at building a feminine memory in our Letters, is to reflect, through the observation of some categories such as space and character, upon the women presence in the novel A sucessora (1940) written by the Brazilian writer Carolina Nabuco, one of the many writers who were forgotten in our literary history, emphasizing, then, the place of the woman in Brazilian society during the first three decades of the twentieth century.


We propose a new method of testing asset pricing models that does not rely on prices and returns but on quantities (flows) instead. Under the assumption that capital markets are competitive and investors rational, an asset pricing model can only be correct if investors are using it in their capital allocation decisions. Therefore, any investment opportunity that the model identifies as having a nonzero alpha must be accompanied by capital flows of the same sign as the alpha. We use the data on active mutual funds to identify such flows, and find that the recent alternatives to the Capital Asset Pricing Model do not improve upon the original model.


A robot system and a method for controlling the same are provided. A robot system which requires no manual teaching operation in acquiring calibration values for coordinate transformation, and improves the calibration accuracy includes a robot body, a camera, and a control apparatus. The control apparatus measures, via the camera, a calibration plate at each position and orientation of a first position and orientation group including a reference measurement position and orientation and a position and orientation within a first offset range, calculates a first calibration value based on the measurement value, measures, via the camera, the calibration plate at each position and orientation of a second position and orientation group including a reference operation position and orientation different from the reference measurement position and orientation, and a position and orientation within a second offset range, calculates a second calibration value based on the measurement value, and activates the robot body by using the first and second calibration values.


A servo-steering lock unit comprising: a locking pin (32) which is movable between a locking position in which the locking pin (32) in a steering shaft (1) engages, and an unlocking position in which the engagement is released; an actuator (44) for moving the locking pin (32); a transmission mechanism for transmitting a driving force of the actuator (44) on the locking pin (32) and thus for moving the locking pin (32) between the locking position and the unlocking position; and a position detecting means for detecting the movement position of the locking bolt (32), wherein - the transmission mechanism comprises a rotary member (47) which moves in response to the movement of the locking bolt (32), - the position detecting means, which abuts a movable member (61) which is equipped with a receiving portion against an arranged on the rotary member operation portion; and a sensor for detecting the movement position of the movable member, - a clearance between the operating portion and the receiving portion is provided so that the movable member (61) moves in response to the movement of the rotary member after a prescribed delay time, and - with respect to a first detection position to allow movement of the rotary member in the unlocked position to detect with a sensor, when the rotating member moves from one lock side to an unclamp a second detection position to detect a rear position of the rotating member from the unlocked position, when the rotating member of unclamp moved to the lock side, is arranged on the lock side.


The development of female reproductive organs can be abnormal due to the intrinsic and extrinsic factors,leading to the adolescent abdominal pain,dysmenorrhea,infertility,abortion and so on.Ultrasound is the most common way of diagnosis and MRI is a more exact method.If necessary,endoscope can be used.The treatment will be decided according to the types of deformities and the wishes of patients.Obstruction should be removed by surgery as soon as possible.


There has been much debate over the role of futures trading in the volatility of the underlying cash market. The question whether the index futures increases the volatility in stock market is difficult to find a coincident answer both in theoretical and empirical arguments. It is thus interesting to know if the newly published index futures contract based on stock index has an influence on the volatility of cash market. In this paper we use the expanded EGARCH model to investigate the case of the SIMEX MSCI, and conclude that there is no significant influence on the volatility of the Taiwan's stock market.


A lot of research is published about non-verbal behaviour of agents. Every agent is represented in a different form of embodiment. Therefore a research was performed. This research examined the effect of these forms of embodiment on the communicative effectiveness in delivering a message to users. The impression of users in communicating with agents was also measured. The participants in this experiment were confronted with an embodied agent. This agent was telling them a short story. Three different groups were confronted with this story, told by agents in three different forms. The first form of embodiment was 'head only'. The second one, consisted of the 'entire body', without the legs. The third form was a non-visual one: only speech output was presented to the participants. There was a significant difference between the communication effectiveness and the form of embodiment. The head only agent was the least and the speech only version the most information effective. The participants experienced the agent, with only the head visible, the most natural one, the non-visible speech-only agent was experienced the less natural one.


Human taste sensation can be qualitatively described with surface electromyography (sEMG). However, the pattern recognition models trained on one subject (the source domain) do not generalize well on other subjects (the target domain). To improve the generalizability and transferability of taste sensation models developed with sEMG data, two methods were innovatively applied in this study: domain regularized component analysis (DRCA) and conformal prediction with shrunken centroids (CPSC). The effectiveness of these two methods was investigated independently in an unlabeled data augmentation process with the unlabeled data from the target domain, and the same cross-user adaptation pipeline was conducted on six subjects. The results show that DRCA improved the classification accuracy on six subjects ( $p < 0.05$ ), compared with the baseline models trained only with the source domain data, while CPSC did not guarantee the accuracy improvement. Furthermore, the combination of DRCA and CPSC presented statistically significant improvement ( $p < 0.05$ ) in classification accuracy on six subjects. The proposed strategy of combining DRCA and CPSC showed its effectiveness in addressing the cross-user data distribution drift in sEMG-based taste sensation recognition application. It also shows the potential for more cross-user adaptation applications.


Abstract Success of a tertiary educational institution of art is not merely measured from the quality of students graduated, but also from the quatity of students absorbed in the work fieds. By absorbed it means not merely to be accommodated, but furthermore to be able to create new work fields. What occurs nowadays, in the contrary, is the decline of the quality of human resources which is releted with the quality of education art. This is not apart from the responsibility of the tertiary education art as the institution which provides the human reseurces. Seeing this reality the three intact and united points of tripatri as the basic concept of human resources quality increase needs to be examined. First, a conduccive campus is not limited merely to the software such as behavior control, communication system, a clear and aimed curriculum, clear description of assignments, etc. It also includes the structuring of the harware like phycal environment which wil enable all the elements involved to focus and participate completely in an academic activity.Secondly, the qualified lecturers willing to wor hard and to endeavor at all times to increase his kenowledge and also to becaome conscious of his duty in filing and developing his mission tri dharma. Thirdly, creative studens, is the main element in bringging into reality the qualified generation which independently isable the create the taks for himself in order to be able to gather the maximum benefits. In the and, the ojective of tripatri conceptt is to incease the ability of the students as the young generation and the nation hope which in the comprehension and the performance not simply act as the man of analysis but also as man of synthesis in of art.


: Majiayao Gold Mine, located in Qixia City, Shandong Province, is a quartz vein-type gold deposit. In order to explore the source of the metallogenic materials of the Majiayao gold deposit, the previous experimental results of the pyrite and galena in the Majiayao gold deposit were collected in this paper. The S isotopic results show that the δ 34 S values of gold-related sulfide in Majiayao gold deposit are 4.4‰~8.8‰, indicating that the ore-forming materials come from the mantle and crust. The metallogenic mechanism of the Majiayao gold deposit is the upwelling of mantle-derived magma, and then exchanges material with the metamorphic rocks of the Jiaodong Group to form ore-forming fluids rich in metamorphic components. The ore-forming fluid migrated upward, the temperature and pressure decreased and the atmospheric water was mixed, and the ore-forming fluid was immiscible, resulting in the precipitation of gold.


Introduction: The knee joint osteoarthritis is one of the most important causes of musculoskeletal pa ins and disability. Beside the medical treatments, reha bilit tion and physiotherapy has a major role in re ducing the pain and improving the function of patients with knee os te arthritis. The aim of this study was the evaluat ion of the Action Potential Simulation (APS) and Transcutaneou s Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) modalities in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods and Materials: In a clinical trial in the Physical medicine and reha bilitation department of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences on 70 patients with knee joint osteoarthritis, we compared the two APS and TENS in patients with knee osteoarthrit is and their effect on the Visual Analogue Scale (V AS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarth ritis (WOMAC) index. Results: Over all, 5(7.1%) of patients was male and 65(92.9%) was female, the mean age of the patients was 57.1±7.7 years in the range of 50 to 85 years. The mean VAS score before the intervention was 7±1. 9 in the APS group which was reduced to 4.5±1.9.the mean VAS score in the TENS groups was decreased from 6.8 ±1.2 to 4.6±1.9 which there was significant differe nc for two groups (p<0.001). The overall changes in the to tal score of the WOMAC and Timed up and go test bef ore and after the treatment was significant in both groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: With regard to the findings of our study we can conclude that both APS and TENS modalities a r effective in the pain relief and improving the f unctions of knee joints in the patients with knee osteoarthriti s and they have no benefits to each other. [Toopchizadeh V, Babaei-Ghazani A, Eftekhar Sadat B . Efficiency of Action Potential Simulation (APS) therapy in compare to Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) in knee osteoarthritis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3790-3794] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com . 563


An apparatus and method to enhance the overall performance of engines in one or more of the following ways: by increasing the power output; by reducing the level of unwanted atmospheric emissions; and by reducing engine wear. The apparatus is an engine (e.g., 2-stroke or 4-stroke, diesel or gasoline-fueled internal combustion engine) comprising a crankshaft, crankcase, combustion chamber, oil pan, piston, connecting rod, intake port, exhaust port, and scavenging pump assembly having an air cylinder and an air diaphragm. The scavenging pump assembly allows for the control of air and fuel intake port pressure by controllably boosting an intake mixture of fuel and air to a level sufficiently greater than ambient pressures, and loading the mixture into the combustion chamber, while minimizing the potential for engine lubricating-oil to combine with the intake air-fuel mixture.


AT the date of the foundation of the Royal Sanitary Institute the Gothic revival was at its peak. The Houses of Parliament, the Manchester Town Hall and Saint Pancras Station and Hotel had all been built, and the Royal Courts of Justice were in course of erection and about half completed, but from this time onward the Gothic style found little favour except for buildings of a more or less ecclesiastical character, and in some few cases of private residences, and these partook more of the Tudor or Stuart styles ; while for commercial buildings the classic of different periods became more or less general. The external character of buildings has, however, comparatively little bearing on the &dquo; sanitary aspect,&dquo; but the use of glazed fireclay affords


Phase behavior of a pseudoternary system, gelatin–polyethylene glycol–acetate buffer, was examined. Phase diagram was constructed by determining the compositions of separated phases. One phase contained mostly gelatin but a trace amount of polyethylene glycol. When temperature was lower than the gelation temperature corresponding to the composition of the separated phase, diverse outlooks of the whole system were found. Observation of solutions under an optical microscope revealed microgels or network structure when gelatin was labeled with sirius red. Two different types of microgel formation were noted: nucleation-growth and spinodal decomposition. Size of the microgels formed by spinodal decomposition decreased with quench temperature.


Constrained ordination methods include constrained (or canonical) correspondence analysis (CCA), redundancy analysis (RDA) and distancebased redundancy analysis (db-RDA). Constraining means that ordination only shows the community variation that can be explained by external environmental variables or constraints. This document describes the following basic concepts (1) usage of constrained ordination, (2) construction of model formulae, (3) updating of the model and choice of the constraining variables, (4) statistical significance of the overall model, single model terms or axes with permutation tests, and (5) partial ordination where the effects of some variables are removed before main ordination. The document also describes basic R concepts of inspecting data, and indexing, selecting and subsetting data.


At present,the shallow ground temperature energy is mainly used for heating and air-conditioning of buildings,Macro world is a sort of rising low operating costs,energy saving,environmental protecting low-grade geothermal using technology.The research Status of this technology is introduced briefly,and the existing problems are analyzed,finally,the relevant countermeasures are raised.


Based on thermodynamic analysis of SiC exposed to a N{sub 2}-atmosphere at high temperatures, 3 kinds of equiaxial and rod-like Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} powder mixtures were prepared directly from SiC powders by hot isostatic pressing under high pressures of N{sub 2} at 1,850 C for 0.5, 1 and 2 h. The chemical composition was quantitatively determined by atomic spectroscopy. The particle morphology was observed by SEM. The volume fraction of rod-like Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} particles was calculated from SEM photographs by image analysis. The results showed that the prolongation of nitriding time brought an increased volume fraction of rod-like Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} particles.


How do race and gender stereotypes affect public support for the punishment of Black girls? Across the USA, Black girls are suspended, expelled, arrested, and detained by educational and criminal justice institutions at disproportionate rates. Despite this, there is little research in political science investigating what drives this phenomenon. This paper uses original survey experimental data to examine how stereotypical public perceptions of Black girls shape support for their punishment and punitive policy more generally. We join previous research in finding race- and gender-based stereotypes intersect to produce a distinctive set of public perceptions rooted in the "adultification" of Black girls. In general, Black girls are seen as acting older than their age, more dangerous to others, and more experienced with sex than their peers. But, in an important extension, we also link these adultification stereotypes to support for harsher punishments for Black girls than for their peers and to support for punitive school policies more generally. Together, these findings point to the importance of understanding the intersectional nature of racialized and gendered public attitudes and help to draw the empirical link between the adultification of Black girls and support for their disproportionate punishment among the American public.


The paper outlines an approach to concept design that integrates the development of the design specification with multi-objective concept development. 'Excursions' are undertaken to explore particular aspects of the design, e.g., reliability, in order to help create a concept that is strong in the salient design requirements. The paper then considers reliability as a principal design requirement. Existing reliability evaluation methods are reviewed with respect to their suitability for use in concept design. The paper then describes an approach, an 'excursion', that can be used to improve the reliability of a concept. The reliability excursion comprises a systematic method of evaluation and a reliability analysis toolbox. The research reported is an element of a larger concept design activity that itself forms part of a substantial project on integrated product design undertaken at the Polhem Laboratory, Lulea Technical University, Sweden and at UMIST, UK.


The number of female students enrolled in science and technology fields in various parts of the higher education system in Egypt amounts to one third of the total female students. The preferred majors of the women are in medicine-related disciplines, such as pharmacy and dentistry. In basic science the women students tend to enroll in life science and chemistry. Figure 1 shows the number of male and female graduate students enrolled in 2003/2004 in six different Egyptian universities in each of the basic science disciplines (physics, chemistry, and biology). This Figure confirms that female interest in basic science is highest for biology, intermediate for chemistry, and lowest for physics. Figure 2 shows the gender distribution of staff members in the basic science departments at the same six universities for the academic year 2004/2005. The same trend was found in all the universities: female physics staff are the least in number while the female life science staff are the most. In biology at Ain Shams University (ASU) in Cairo, female life science staff even outnumber their male counterparts.


The production status and weakness of passive spiral bevel gears have been introduced.The twin symmetry roll axial rolling process has been proposed for passive spiral bevel gears.Taking some gear as an example,the rolling process,design method of blank,and die structure characteristics have been given.Eligible forgings have been produced by experiment.It is proved that the process is practicable and die structure is reasonable reliable.


Objective Explore and analyzed the clinical characteristics of laryngeal main foci surgery safe cutting edge.Methods Retrospective analyzed 100 cases diagnosed with laryngeal cancer from June 2007 to March 2011,randomly divided into two groups(A,B),50 cases of group A in observation group,group B for observation group in 50 cases,analyzed and compared the results of clinical features.Results The early laryngeal cancer patients and the late with positive margins had no significant difference,(P 0.05);late occurrence of positive margins was higher than early occurrence,the differences was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion Basis for primary different parts,different stages and different range for selecting the suitable tangent,can effective reduced the occurrence of positive margins.


The behavior of children in various restraint systems has been studied to evaluate methods for improving child safety in car crashes. Sled tests of various child and automotive restraint systems were conducted to analyze child occupant data in these various systems. This testing demonstrated the importance of utilizing child compatible restraint systems. Additionally, a survey was conducted to analyze the behavioral nature of children in various restraint systems. Observations regarding the use and misuse of the respective restraints are discussed. Ideas for improving usage rates and correct use of restraint systems for children are presented. Language: en


A secondary, high temperature electrochemical cell especially adapted for lithium alloy negative electrodes, transition metal chalcogenide positive electrodes and alkali metal halide or alkaline earth metal halide electrolyte is disclosed. The cell is held within an elongated cylindrical container in which one of the active materials is filled around the outside surfaces of a pluraity of perforate tubular current collectors along the length of the container. Each of the current collector tubes contain a concentric atubular layer of electrically insulative ceramic as an interelectrode separator. The active material of opposite polarity in elongated pin shape is positioned longitudinally within the separator layer. A second electrically conductive tube with perforate walls can be swagged or otherwise bonded to the outer surface of the pin as a current cllector and the electrically insulative ceramic layer can be coated or otherwise layered onto the outer surface of this second current collector. Alternatively, the central pin electrode can include an axial core as a current collector.


Geo-demographical segmentation of a city area is of interest in many social as well business contexts. In this paper, we present a new method for demographic segmentation of a city by analyzing satellite imagery and other forms of neighborhood data. We explore the feature-set that can be used for effective geo-demographic segmentation of satellite imagery. In particular, we study the effectiveness of a few color and texture features for the purpose. Our method essentially involves analysis of large volume of image data, for which we have devised a two-step process and approximate clustering methods. We have experimented with satellite images of two major cities to illustrate the results. We have integrated telecom data that signify human activity with satellite imagery to achieve enhanced segmentation of the demographic regions.


In Arkansas Delta soybean production, glyphosate resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth has significantly impacted weed management. The incidence of herbicide resistant (HR) weeds has farreaching crop science, economic, and communications implications, which have been explored by the corresponding expertise of our research team members to form a comprehensive literature review. The review was used to develop policy recommendations to address current and future HR genetically modified (GM) crop use and the associated issues. The review of crop science research indicated an overall increase in herbicide application, as well as an increase in weed management programs focused around glyphosate rather than the application of multiple herbicides. The review also revealed some management methods have potential to resolve the problem, including alternating herbicide application, avoiding sub-lethal rates, using "burn down" herbicides prior to planting, crop rotation, tillage, and zero tolerance weed policies. The use of fewer herbicides rather than multiple types creates a monopolistic edge for the companies producing those few herbicides, allowing greater market control. Crisis communication methods, including developing internal readiness, conducting needs assessments, developing a relevant message, and conveying the message through appropriate channels, can be used to develop a response to the issue that will best communicate necessary information to the target audience. The team used these findings to formulate policy recommendations, which include management, economic, and communication plans that may provide a starting point to address the issue. * Amy May West is a junior majoring in Agricultural Business with a focus in Agricultural Economics. † Raven Bough is a 2013 graduate with a major in Horticulture, Landscape, and Turf Science and a minor in Biology. § Hayley Jernigan is a 2013 graduate with a major in Agricultural Education, Communications, and Technology. ‡ Mike Norton is a 2013 graduate with a double major in Agricultural Business and Poultry Science. ¶ Katie Beth Thomas is a junior majoring in Agricultural Education, Communications, and Technology.  Curt R. Rom is a faculty mentor, the Director of the Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences Honors Program, and a professor in the Department of Horticulture. †† Michael E. Vayda is a faculty mentor and the Dean of the Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences. LEADERSHIP IN FOOD POLICY COURSE I am the daughter of Michael and Nancy West of Gravette, Arkansas, and a Junior majoring in Agriculture Business with a focus in economics. Active in student government, I was a member of Fresh H.O.G.S., Senator for the Dale Bumpers College, and will serve as the Chair of Senate for the 2013-2014 academic year. I have served as a College Ambassador for Dale Bumpers College, Vice-President of Ag Business Club, Jr. Panhellenic Delegate for Kappa Kappa Gamma Fraternity, Director of Awards for the Honors Student Board, and am a member of the AgriBusiness/Ag Econ Quiz Bowl Team. In order to gain agriculture-based experience in research, I work for Dr. H.L. Goodwin as a research assistant. After my freshman year, I studied abroad in Belize, working with farmers to enhance their business plans. Interested in Ag Policy, I interned in Washington, D.C. this summer for Senator Boozman and the National Rural Electric Coop in their Governmental Affairs Department. I intend to pursue a career in policy areas of agriculture. Amy May West Raven Anai Bough I am a proud native of Fayetteville, Arkansas and graduated from Fayetteville High School in 2009. The following fall semester, I began studying Horticulture at the University of Arkansas. To gain supplemental skills and experience necessary for a career in research, I also pursued a minor in biology, worked as a lab-assistant for the Department of Horticulture, worked at a local plant nursery and retail center, and completed an internship funded by the National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates at the nonprofit Donald Danforth Plant Science Center. I plan to attend graduate school in California, the heart of United States fruit production, to pursue a career in horticultural plant breeding for crop improvement. Ultimately, I hope to attain a Ph.D. and manage my own laboratory and research programs in either a university or industry setting. Many students want to be change agents in our industry, with their goal being to economically and environmentally sustain the agriculture industry. The Leadership in Food Policy Course allows students the opportunity to get out of the classroom and put their desire for change to work. The 2012-2013 course focused on studying the impacts of glyphosate resistant palmer amaranth. Students spent the Fall semester listening to professionals from all aspects of the issue, from farmers affected by glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth to soil scientists. After obtaining a clear background, the class was able to break the issue into three sections: Agronomic, Economic, and Communication. Once broken up, the groups did their own research on the background of resistance rising in palmer amaranth in soybean fields in Arkansas. Once complete, the team used their literary research to make recommendations from political, managerial, and environmental standpoints. Finally, the team presented their findings to Stratton Seed Company, a seed-provider based in Stuttgart, Arkansas instigating talk of what is to come in Arkansas soybean production if resistance continues to impact production. MEET THE STUDENT-AUTHOR TEAM 88 DISCOVERY • Vol. 14, Fall 2013 MEET THE STUDENT-AUTHOR TEAM I am a graduate of the University of Arkansas with degrees in agricultural business and poultry science. I am a former Bumpers College Ambassador and former president of Collegiate Farm Bureau. I served as the 2012-2013 Chair of the Senate in the Associated Student Government and in that role directed the legislative and policy agenda for the student government. In my time at the University, I have studied abroad at the London School of Economics, received an Arkansas Department of Higher Education Student Undergraduate Research Fellowship to conduct research with Dr. Lanier Nalley, and completed an internship with the World Cocoa Foundation in Accra, Ghana. I am currently a summer intern at the White House and plan to work in Washington, D.C. for a few years prior to attending graduate school as a 2012 Harry S. Truman Scholar.


A generalized vision of the modern formation and development of the economic potential of an industrial enterprise is proposed. Comparison of the concepts of "production potential" and "economic potential" is carried out. We came to the conclusion that today it is more relevant in research to use the concept of economic potential, as the most generalizing indicator of the stability of an industrial enterprise in the modern economic environment. Summarizing the existing approaches to the concept of "potential", the economic potentials of the country, industry, enterprise are highlighted. The study of individual components of the economic potential of an enterprise and the justification of measures for its development cannot give a positive result, if only because the influence of its components as part of an integral system has not been studied and substantiated. There is an understanding that economic potential can be included as an element in a system of a higher order – in the aggregate potential of an enterprise. Moreover, it can be assessed by two groups of indicators: which directly characterize the economic potential itself and the production and economic activity of the enterprise. The definition of an economic enterprise is directly related to the objectives of the enterprise and includes the following stages: assessment of the structure, dynamics and efficiency of the use of production resources; determination of the level of competitiveness of the main types of products; analysis of real production reserves and loss of economic resources of the enterprise; selection of the main strategy and tactic for developing the potential of the enterprise; planning the development of enterprise potential; implementation of planned activities. The main components of the economic potential of the enterprise are determined: financial potential, human resources, production potential, scientific and technological potential. The development of each component of the economic potential must be considered in conjunction with the potentials of the domestic and foreign markets, competitors, and the country as a whole. Understanding such a division of the components of economic potential also provides for the division into smaller components, and so on. The study, based on the analysis of approaches to clarify this concept, shows that in relation to an individual enterprise, the concept of "economic potential" is characterized not so much by its production capacity as the integrated ability of individual components to meet consumer needs, while rationally using available resources and take into account interests of external economic entities. The economic potential of the enterprise depends on the optimal combination of certain types of economic resources that are involved in the production process, the level of organization of production and labor, the effectiveness of the management system.


Spatial reuse in a mesh network can allow multiple communications to proceed simultaneously, hence proportionally improve the overall network throughput. To maximize spatial reuse, the MAC protocol must enable simultaneous transmitters to maintain the minimal separation distance that is sufficient to avoid interference. This paper demonstrates that physical carrier sensing enhanced with a tunable sensing threshold is effective at avoiding interference in 802.11 mesh networks without requiring the use of virtual carrier sensing. We present an analytical model for deriving the optimal sensing threshold given network topology, reception power and data rate. A distributed adaptive scheme is also presented to dynamically adjust the physical carrier sensing threshold based on periodic estimation of channel conditions in the network. Simulation results are shown for large-scale 802.11b and 802.11a networks to validate both the analytical model and the adaptation scheme. It is demonstrated that the enhanced physical carrier sensing mechanism effectively improves network throughput by maximizing the potential of spatial reuse. With dynamically tuned physical carrier sensing, the end to end throughput approaches 90% of the predicted theoretical upper-bound assuming a perfect MAC protocol, for a regular chain topology of 90 nodes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Gastrointestinal absorption and hepatic metabolism of metyrapone were studied in rats treated chronically with oral Dilantin in an attempt to find the explanation for the abnormal metyrapone response in patients treated with this drug. Gastrointestinal absorption of metyrapone was not decreased in Dilantin treated rats. Conjugation of metyrapone with glucuronic acid was enhanced in Dilantin treated animals, most likely as a consequence of induction of liver microsomal enzymes. Similar results were obtained in peripheral venous blood of Dilantin treated humans. We propose that the acceleration of the hepatic metabolism of metyrapone results in lower levels of unconjugated metyrapone in blood, less inhibition of 11β-hydroxylase, less ACTH secretion, and subnormal increases in plasma deoxycortisol and urinary 17-OHCS. (Endocrinology 86: 328, 1970)


In this analysis, the cost-effectiveness of thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) genotype screening in patients about to begin azathioprine for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was examined. The authors calculated costeffectiveness ratios and compared them to other accepted therapies (e.g., statins for secondary prevention of heart disease and pegylated interferon with ribavirin for hepatitis C). After reviewing the recent literature, Winter et al estimated the frequency of leukopenia in patients receiving thiopurine drugs and the association of leukopenia with TPMT deficiency. Using these estimates, they developed a theoretical model to calculate the risks of leukopenia associated with azathioprine and the risks of leukopenia attributable to TPMT polymorphisms. The authors determined that 32 patients in 1000 would experience leukopenia when treated with azathioprine. They also estimated that 32% (95% confidence interval: 20– 47) of azathioprine-induced leukopenia would be associated with a TPMT polymorphism. The authors developed a hypothetical model to evaluate the outcomes and costs associated with TPMT genotype screening. Of the 32 in 1000 patients they estimated would become leukopenic on azathioprine therapy, the authors determined that 22 would have the ''wildtype'' TPMT, 7 would be heterozygotes, and 3 would be homozygotes for a TPMT polymorphism. They based these on the characteristics of TPMT genotype screening test that they estimate has a 31% sensitivity, 89% specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 9% and 97%, respectively. Although the negative predictive value is high, this is of little help clinically because patients on therapy still require intensive monitoring. However, the authors argue that the absolute risk of leukopenia in homozygotes is so high and the consequences of missing it so potentially devastating that the identification of this enzyme-deficient subgroup as the sole purpose of screening would be worthwhile if found to be cost-effective. For their cost estimates, they calculated average cost per life year saved using data from the Information and Statistics Division of the Common Services Agency in Scotland. They examined costs from 2 perspectives: (1) the cost of morbidity that reflects the cost to the National Health Service of treating an adverse event, and (2) the cost of mortality or the cost to society of losing a life. The costs they included in the model were that of TPMT genotype testing at approximately £30 per patient. They estimated that approximately two thirds of patients with significant leukopenia could be managed as outpatients at an additional cost to the system of £115 per visit for 2 visits. One third of patients would require hospital admission resulting in, on average, a 10-day stay at £402/d. They calculated a cost per life-year saved by estimating that 1 death per 1000 patients would be avoided if those with homozygous TPMT mutations were identified by screening and either avoided azathioprine or received a much lower dose. The results of this analysis suggest that the net or average cost of avoiding morbidity (extra outpatient visits or hospital admission) would be £1633 per patient. Avoiding a death through screening is estimated at £347 per life-year saved for a 30-year-old and £817 per life-year saved for a 60year-old (47 and 20 life-years saved, respectively). The authors provide a basis for comparison by citing costeffectiveness ratios for other accepted medical practices such as use of statins for secondary prevention of heart disease (£5100 per life-year saved) and the cost of pegylated interferon and ribavirin for hepatitis C (£4000 to £11,000). Thus, the authors conclude that TPMT genotype screening is cost-effective because it has a lower cost-effectiveness ratio than other accepted medical practices. Comment: The reader is referred to our previous work, summarizing guidelines for performing a cost-effectiveness analysis. Of critical importance is evidence for the effectiveness of the program under evaluation. For the analysis by Winter et al, the question is ''does screening for TPMT polymorphisms actually prevent deaths in patients with IBD treated with azathioprine?'' Although intuitively this strategy has merit, there is no direct evidence of its efficacy. However, comparison of the cost-effectiveness of this strategy—using the limited data available—to other, commonly used medical practices provides us with a sense of the relative economic feasibility and acceptability of this strategy. Also important in an economic analysis such as this are the relevant costs and consequences. Winter et al primarily included consequences of leukopenia such as additional clinic visits and potential hospitalization and the estimated costs associated with them. An incremental analysis is generally used to calculate the additional cost for the additional benefit in terms of increased life expectancy for screened individuals. Although the authors allude to this type of analysis in their calculations, they did not formally consider the costs and consequences of not screening (which is far more common) compared with screening. Thus, it is not clear that an incremental


Viscoelastic dampers are intended to be incorporated in a high-rise steel building with the height of more than 160 meters which will be constructed in Beijing. Dampers will be installed in the horizontal dynamic loading resisting trusses and will be set between the braced members and the upper floor beam. Mathematical models for the dynamic behaviour of viscoelastic dampers are compared. A suitable model will be recommended and the parameters of dampers are identified according to shear test. A simplified analysis method for high-rise buildings incorporated with viscoelastic dampers is developed. Dynamic responses of the structure calculated by the proposed method are compared with results obtained from ETABS calculation. Based on the calculated results, the effectiveness of the viscoelastic damper in vibration control of high-rise buildings has been demonstrated. Parameter studies have also been carried out for the optimal design of the viscoelastic damper, including its properties, number and location. Some recommendations are presented in this paper.


Land pricing is a major issue faced by developers and land owners during land expropriation. A land expropriation process was modeled as a game, the bargaining skill and the ability of the developer and the land owner withstanding risks selected as the determinant factors influencing the ultimate transaction price. The model analyzes how the developer and the land owner share the benefits to reach a reasonable and mutually acceptable price based on the utility maximization principle. Application of the model to an expressway project shows that the land price decreases when the developer has a positive risk-aversion attitude (he is not able to withstand risk) and the owner has a stronger bargaining ability.


The most ideal belief as explained in Qur'an is based on irade (will), azm (resolution) and tevekkul ( absolute reliance on God). Irade comes first. The second in importance is azm which means to be patient and serious in an action. And third tevekkul means to trust God after performing the first and the second step, namely irade and azm. It is only than that miracles take place. In other words, a miracle takes place only when one wills, takes action seriously and trust God in any work


Some of the design parameters in AASHTO's Guide for Design of Pavement Structures require experienced engineering judgment to obtain adequate designs. The load transfer parameter for concrete pavements in the AASHTO Guide is reviewed. A set of equations was developed to assist in choosing a J-factor for various pavement conditions. With three-dimensional finite element analysis, factorial runs were conducted to find the relationships between the critical stresses and joint design parameters—that is, joint width, diameter, length, and spacing of dowel bars. Extended procedures that incorporate dowel parameters into the J-factor were proposed. Conclusions were made to clarify the load transfer concept in the current AASHTO Guide and the effects of joint parameters on pavement performance.


Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric mucosa is characterized by infiltration of various inflammatory cells such as neutrophils and eosinophils. Although several mechanisms for neutrophil infiltration are well known, there has been little known the role of eotaxin, which is a potent chemoattractant for eosinophils, on the inflammatory process of H. pylori infection. The present study was to investigate the mechanisms of eotaxin expression in gastric epithelial cells stimulated with H. pylori vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA). Stimulation with VacA purified from VacA + H. pylori slightly increased eotaxin expression in MKN-45 gastric epithelial cells. In contrast, the combined stimulation with VacA and IL-4 synergistically increased the eotaxin expression as determined by quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA. In MKN-45 cells transfected with an eotaxin promoter-luciferase reporter plasmid, costimulation with VacA and IL-4 induced more luciferase activity than either VacA or IL-4 alone did. However, such up-regulation was significantly decreased in the cells transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid bearing an eotaxin promoter which has a mutation at STAT6 binding site. These results suggest that the up-regulation of eotaxin in VacA-stimulated gastric epithelial cells may be synergistically facilitated by IL-4 via a STAT6-dependent mechanism.


5'-End boronic acid-modified oligonucleotides were evaluated against various nucleases at single and double stranded levels. The results show that these modifications induce a high resistance to degradation by calf-spleen and snake venom phosphodiesterases. More importantly, this eventually led to the development of a new label-free enzyme-assisted fluorescence-based method for single mismatch detection.


The living parts of complex organisms, such as human beings are, do not come into direct contact with the surrounding air. They are separated from the air by a layer of mucus or by a layer of dead horny skin. The actually living parts are embedded in the fluids which bathe the cells—the blood or the lymph. These fluids, as Claude Bernard1pointed out half a century ago, constitute the "milieu interne" or the internal environment. This internal environment, or, as it may be called, the "fluid matrix," of the living structures is a product of the organism itself, developing as the organism develops. Furthermore, it is controlled by the organism. As in the course of evolution organisms have become more perfect, it is noteworthy that they have become gradually more free from changes in the external environment; more free, for example, from changes of humidity, changes of


The Sox2 transcription factor must be robustly transcribed in embryonic stem (ES) cells to maintain pluripotency. Zhou et al. identify three novel enhancers that, through the formation of chromatin loops, form a chromatin complex with the Sox2 promoter in ES cells. The distal cluster containing SRR107 and SRR111, located >100 kb downstream from Sox2, is required for cis-regulation of Sox2 in ES cells.


This article talks about the establishment of the forcasting model based on Matlab by using the past eight-year data olserved of TSP density in Anqing city.


Alkyd resins are short branched polyester chains, formed by polycondensation of a di-basic acid and a polyhydric alcohol, in the presence of glyceride oil or oil derived fatty acid. The conventional glyceride oils used for the production of alkyd resin are soya bean, and linseed oil. The most explored is the soya bean oil. Hence, this project explores the possibilities of substituting soya bean oil with beniseed oil for the production of alkyd resin. Alkyd resin was produced using beniseed oil as the source of glyceride oil. Beniseed oil extracted from sesame indicum seed was evaluated for its physicochemical properties. The extracted beniseed oil was converted into alkyd resin for use in surface coatings. The results of the analysis showed thatbeniseed oil has acid value 2.8mgKOH/g, free fatty acid (% Oleic) 1.40, Iodine value 120, density 0.925g/cm 3 , refractive index 1.4772. Analyses of the alkyd resin after dilution with kerosene showed the following results: Acid index 8.6mgKOH/g;%Nonvolatile matter 70.4;Color(Gardner)14-15; Viscosity 140 poises;Density0.9902g/cm 3 ,surface dry(70% solid) within 15 mins. The alkyd resin was found suitable in paint. Based on the results of the study, beniseed oil has shownpotential as a substitute for soya bean oil due to its high oil content and the high degree of unsaturation and consequent ability to polymerisation.


BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Diabetes has been reported as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in population based studies but there are controversial data in patients with cirrhosis. Otherwise, metformin could have a protective role in HCC development. The aim of this study was to know the influence of diabetes on the risk of developing HCC in patients with alcohol- and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis.

METHODS
We analyzed 982 Caucasian patients with alcoholic or HCV cirrhosis included from 1992 to 2014 in a HCC surveillance program and prospectively followed. The influence of diabetes on the development of HCC was analyzed by Kaplan-Meyer and adjusted with Cox regression for relevant co-factors.

RESULTS
At a median follow-up of 49.5 (24.0-96.0) months, 156 patients (15.8%) developed HCC. There were no differences in the cumulative incidences of HCC after 20 years between diabetic and non-diabetic patients in the global series (53.5% vs. 45.4%; P=0.26), alcoholic (50.4% vs. 45.4%; P=0.21) or HCV (60% vs. 43.1%; P=0.57) cirrhosis. After adjusting for other potential co-factors, diabetes did not constitute a risk factor neither in the whole series (HR: 1.12, 95% IC: 0.78-1.51; P=0.26) nor in alcoholic (HR: 1.160, 95% CI: 0.74-1.82; P=0.50) or HCV cirrhosis (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.63-2.19; P=0.60). These figures did not change after excluding patients treated with metformin.

CONCLUSIONS
In Caucasian patients with alcoholic or HCV cirrhosis, diabetes is not a risk factor for developing HCC. This lack of association does not seem to be consequence of the protective effect of metformin.


With the development of prototype for UHV oil-gas bushings, E-field distribution around bushing end and structure optimization for shielding electrode is an important issue to be studied. The basic principles and processes of hybrid algorithm combining particle swarm optimization and back-propagation neural network (PSO-BP algorithm) has been discussed in this paper. The optimization capability and accuracy of proposed algorithm has been verified with continuous explicit function. The structure optimization of shielding electrode has been conducted using PSO-BP algorithm. The study shows that PSO-BP algorithm can seek extreme point of testing function exactly, and jump over trap of local optimal solution; three-dimensional full model of bushing is needed in E-field distribution calculation; PSO-BP algorithm has found the best structure parameters of shielding electrode, with which more even E-field distribution can be obtained, and maximum electric strength can be reduced by 64.9%, moreover, the computing time is about 75.2% less than traditional PSO algorithm. The study results have been applied in bushing prototype manufacture which has passed through all testing experiments. The optimization method proposed in the paper can also be used in optimization design for other complex insulation structures.


This chapter examines the underappreciated impact of Garveyism in shaping Liberian politics and life during the 1970s. This work was spearheaded by Rev. Clarence W. Harding Jr., a dynamic Chicago-born African American leader, who relocated to Monrovia in 1966 and headed the local division of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) until his passing in 1978. Through the local division, and through the Marcus Garvey Memorial Institute, a UNIA-affiliated elementary and secondary school, Harding successfully disseminated the principles of Garveyism widely among working-class and indigenous Liberians living in Monrovia and collaborated with the emergent Movement for Justice in Africa. In tracing Harding's work in Liberia, the chapter also highlights connections between Liberia and the U.S. Midwest—or what the author has fashioned as the "diasporic Midwest."


In this paper we discuss architectural aspects of middleware for grid computing based on an infrastructure of distributed clusters and/or distributed services, an access portal for a demonstration project in progress. We observe, in recent works, activities in the direction of open service architectures for grid services and for web services. We also see advantages in adding facilities offered by distributed object computing environments with their interoperable references and services. Open service architectures introduce the possibility of composing structures of nested services. Resumo. Neste artigo discutimos aspectos arquiteturais de middleware para computação em grade baseada em uma infraestrutura de clusters distribuídos e/ou serviços distribuídos, um portal de acesso para um projeto de demonstração em andamento. Observamos, em trabalhos recentes, atividades na direção de arquiteturas aberta de serviços de grade e serviços de web. Nós vislumbramos vantagens na adição de facilidades oferecidas por ambientes de computação com objetos distribuídos com suas interfaces e serviços interoperáveis. Arquiteturas de serviços abertos introduzem a possibilidade de composição de estruturas de serviços aninhados.


In the present work, an attempt has been made to evaluate activation energy, electro‐active surface area, kinetics, quantity of reacted methanol molecules, and catalytic activity relationship over the newly developed non‐noble metal alloy decorated Schiff's base based conjugated conductive polymer composite electrodes for fuel cell applications. Typically, a new type of catalysts was developed using nickel and nickel‐tin decorated conjugated Schiff's base based conductive polymer‐palm flower carbon composites to utilize them in the form of possible high‐performance catalysts. The bimetallic composition with different weight percentage concentrations of NiSn10/CSP‐PC, NiSn20/CSP‐PC, NiSn30/CSP‐PC, and Ni/CSP‐PC nanoparticles decorated Schiff's base based conductive polymer‐palm carbon (CSP‐PC) composite electrode materials are developed through the facile chemical reduction route. Structure, composition, morphology, electro‐active surface area, kinetics, activation energy, quantity of molecules reacted, and the electrocatalytic activity are evaluated by using different analytical techniques. The electrochemical studies indicate that the nickel nanoparticles deposited Schiff's base based conductive polymer‐palm flower carbon composite electrode developed in the present work shows the enhanced electro‐oxidation current, reduced onset potential, lower activation energy, higher electro‐active surface, and improved stability than those of other Schiff's base based conductive polymer and palm flower carbon. Electrochemical characterization studies also indicate that the appropriate amount of tin doping (10%) improved not only the catalytic activity but also enhanced the long‐term anti‐poisoning ability than that of Ni/CSP‐PC catalyst. The onset potential of the NiSn10/CSP‐PC catalyst for methanol oxidation is lower when compared with that of other catalysts having varied weight percentage compositions. With the best of our knowledge, this is considered to be the first report in the field of development of conjugated Schiff's base based conductive polymer‐palm flower carbon composite as new support for efficient, low cost, and non‐noble metal electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications.


Cap (1) for assay device (100). The cap (1) comprising: a lancet (L), which is movably mounted in the cap (1); and a skin engaging end (3), which has to allow a lancet (L) of the needle (N) through which a portion wherein an opening (5). Test piece (6a / 6b) may be arranged on the cap (1).


An Automated Analytical Electrophoresis Apparatus (AAEA) was designed, developed, assembled, and preliminarily tested. The AAEA was demonstrated to be a feasible apparatus for automatically acquiring, displaying, and storing (and eventually analyzing) electrophoresis mobility data from living blood cells. The apparatus and the operation of its major assemblies are described in detail.


Frankia, as a source of symbiotic N 2 fixation in non-leguminous actinorhizal plants has received tremendous importance in the last few decades. Studies pertaining to the determination of genetic diversity of Frankia strains in diversified groups of actinorhizal plants have been a subject of attention in recent times. We report here an attempt to isolate and identify consortia of Frankia strains from root nodules of Hippophae salicifolia D. Don collected from the eastern Himalayas of north Sikkim. A total 31 Frankia axenic cultures were isolated from 27 root nodule lobes which differed in colouration and morphological pattern. The isolates were subjected to different formulation of carbon sources and pH variations with and without additional exogenous N 2 source. Finally a total of 11 single spore isolates were identified based on morphological and physiological differences. The present study reveals that there is an existence of a great deal of heterogeneity among the Frankia strains associated with Hippophae salicifolia D. Don.


Crowdsensing is a promising sensing paradigm to efficiently collect and monitor the physical world by using the embedded sensors in mobile devices. However, the observations (sensory data) submitted by mobile device users may not be reliable. For the same sensing task, users with different reliabilities may submit conflicting information. Thus, we need to estimate the truth based on the submitted observations. Temporal and spatial correlations among tasks are widely observed in crowdsensing applications. However, most of the existing truth discovery mechanisms assume that the tasks are independent, which is not suitable for all crowdsensing applications. To solve this problem, we propose an efficient truth discovery mechanism for crowdsensing tasks with temporal and spatial correlations. To improve the reliability of the estimated truth, we first filter the outliers based on the temporal correlations among tasks, then estimate the truth based on the weighted observations, and finally refine the estimated truth based on the spatial correlations among tasks. Our experiments on a real transportation dataset show the efficiency of the proposed mechanism.


Hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, inflammation, and low levels of polyunsaturated lipids and adiponectin are implicated in the development and progression of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We examined the effects of short‐term aerobic exercise on these metabolic risk factors. Obese individuals (n=15, 34.7±1.0 kg/m2) with diagnosed NAFLD were enrolled in a short‐term aerobic exercise program that consisted of 7 consecutive days of treadmill walking at 85% HRmax for 60 min/d. Pre‐ and post‐exercise measures consisted of hepatic triglyceride content, lipid saturation index (SI) and polyunsaturated lipid index (PUI) of the liver via 1H MR spectroscopy and glucose tolerance was determined by OGTT. Mononuclear cells were isolated for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during the OGTT, and glucose, insulin, and adiponectin were determined from plasma. Exercise training resulted in an 84% increase in the PUI (p=0.01), and increases in insulin sensitivity (Matsuda Index: p=0.04), HMW adiponectin (p=0.02) and VO2max. ROS production was reduced following exercise training (p=0.04). HMW adiponectin changes were positively correlated with changes in liver PUI (R=0.713, p=0.01). These data suggest that exercise alone can augment metabolic risk factors associated with NAFLD progression and that these changes may be driven by increases in adiponectin.


This study aims to investigate the impact of Jordanian consumers' global-mindedness on retail store patronage. We measured consumer global-mindedness, second-order, via cultural openness and cultural adaptability. In order to test our proposed framework, we conducted a survey in three different Jordanian cities. Our results confirm that consumer global-mindedness is a multi-dimensional construct. Further, we found that Jordanian consumers' global-mindedness has positive impact on shopping enjoyment and cognition. In return shopping enjoyment and cognition have positive effects on store patronage.


In Zhou Dynasty, the bronze vessels used in these southern states as Xu, Shu, Cai, Chu, Wu, Yue and so on not only had their local style but also had the style of the middle China.Especially the bronze vessels brought and used in the Chu and Wu states represented the southern bronze style and affected the bronze culture of middle China and Baiyue area.


We define an Artin stack which may be considered as a substitute for the non-existing (or empty) moduli space of stable two-pointed curves of genus zero. We show that this Artin stack can be viewed as the first term of a cyclic operad in the category of stacks. Applying the homology functor we obtain a linear cyclic operad. We formulate conjectures which assert that cohomology of a smooth projective variety has the structure of an algebra over this homology operad and that gravitational quantum cohomology can naturally expressed in terms of this algebra. As a test for these conjectures we show how certain well-known relations between gravitational correlators can be deduced from them.


The researchers acknowledged some limitationswith the study, including that cervical cancer diagnosis is rare in young women, that most of the follow-up in women in the vaccinated cohorts occurred under the age of 25, and that the number of cases of cervical cancer registered is affected by the age at which women are first screened, because screening is likely to pick up cases. But they added that, while it was still too early to assess the full effect of HPV immunisation on cervical cancer rates, the bivalent vaccineCervarix protects against twoHPV infections (HPV 16 and 18) that are present in 92% of women who received a diagnosis of cervical cancer before the age of 30.


Based on the current accounting system in existing institutions,this paper analyzes and illustrates it in detail,starting with various challenges and issues it faces during routine work.The author demonstrates that correct understanding and handling these challenges will play a vital role in propelling the accounting system in institution in the long-term and stable development under the circumstances of the socialist market economy.