In the field,three wheat varieties were crossed with different maize varieties.Two treatment methods were applied:Different volume concentrations of DMSO combination with 100 mg/L 2,4-D(treatment 1) and hormone combinations(treatment 2).The results showed that various concentrations of DMSO and hormone treatments exhibited different effects on the frequency of haploid embryo formation.In treatment 1,the optimal volume concentration of DMSO in 2,4-D is 2%(15.8%),while the frequency of embryo formation with 3% DMSO is the lowest(7.1%).The difference was significant.The best treatment for hormone combinations was that firstly dropping to the spikelets at 48 h after pollination with 100 mg/L 2,4-D and secondly dropping to the spikelets and simultaneously injecting into the stem at 72 h after pollination with 3% DMSO in 2,4-D.The frequency of embryo formation was 14.1%.There were not significant differences among 2,4-D and 3.0% DMSO combined treatment(14.1%),3.0% DMSO alone treatment(13.4%),2,4-D alone treatment(12.1%),2,4-D repeat treatments(10.6%) and 3.0% DMSO repeat treatment(12.6%).However,there were extremely significant differences in the frequencies of embryo formation between these five treatments and control treatment or unpollinated 3.0% DMSO alone treatment.


This research aimed at developing instructional English materials for the students of the seventh grade especially in basic competencies 3.4 and 4.4 at  MTs  Madani  Pao-pao  based  on  2013  curriculum  supported  by  using  inquiry  learning  model  and  using  the concept of HOTS. The research design is Research and Development (R&D )with the combination of   ADDIE   model. The  procedures  included  analyzing  materials   needed   by spreading  questionnaire  to  the  students  and  analyzing  the  basic   competencies, designing a  blueprint  of  materials and the instructional materials, and validating the material by the expert. There were 146 students as the respondents, teachers, and experts. The instruments used in this research were the documents, questionnaires, and validation checklist. There were three systematic  aspects : materials  Systematic  Organization,  Systematic  English   Teaching  and  Systematic  Content  of  English.  Therefore,  the  result  indicated  that  based on experts judgment,  the  developed basic competency  3.4  and 4.4 were applicable to be taught at the seventh grade students  of  Junior  High  School.


Provided are a hole tray substrate for fast cultivation of bonsai semperflorens and a use method. The hole tray substrate comprises organic materials and mineral materials with the volume ratio ranging from 9:1 to 3:7. The mineral materials are one of or mixtures of perlite and vermiculite. The organic materials are worm cast, peat or completely fermented harmless livestock and poultry manures. Moisture in the peat occupies not more than 25%wt, and organic matters occupy not less than 60%wt. After the hole tray substrate is cut for 40 days, rooting percentage of cutting slips of semperflorens with the hole tray substrate can reach 80-90%, and the cutting slips are bestrewed on the roots of the semperflorens.


Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) is fast becoming the new wave of the future. Weblogging (or blogging) falls under this important branch of CMC as it possesses the ability to bring together participants of an 'invisible' world to partake in discourse via the reading and writing of texts. Blogging is a particularly new phenomenon of multimedia literacy and it often combines visual and textual elements to create meaning-making amongst participants via this mode of communication. The younger generation is especially attracted to this type of multimedia genre as the 'blogosphere' creates a space for them to partake in discourse, develop camaraderie in the form of online friendships and utilize technological features such as visual images, text and sound effects to communicate with one another. The meaning-making that occurs within the blogosphere results in this phenomenon becoming a significant literacy event, as the paper will point out. Focusing specifically on the dissection of how speech patterns used via blogging contribute to the meaning-making process, the Hymes' Speaking Grid will be used as a tool to analyze the discourse space of a tertiary level student blogger. With the understanding of what occurs within this discourse space, educators and observers alike will hopefully be able to gain a better comprehension of how the multimedia literacies of students play a role in their written expression via blogging.


To the Editor:

Lerman et al1 in their interesting study reported that supplementation with l-arginine (the precursor of nitric oxide synthesis) for 6 months in patients without significant coronary artery stenosis reversed coronary small-vessel endothelial dysfunction and improved symptoms. Furthermore, it decreased plasma endothelin concentrations in patients. However, they did not examine the effects of l-arginine on epicardial coronary arteries and stenoses.

We have examined2 3 by quantitative angiography the vasomotor effects of intracoronary infusion of normal saline (2 mL/min) for 2 minutes followed by 50 and 150 μmol/min l-arginine and bolus administration of 250 μg of nitroglycerin on 38 nonstenotic epicardial coronary artery segments and 22 stenoses in patients with coronary artery disease and a positive treadmill exercise test result (≥0.1 mV ST-segment depression at between 5 and 7 metabolic equivalents [METS] using the modified Bruce protocol).

The diameter of the stenosis …


Case method can improve the teaching effect in the teaching.But how to use it with skill is most important.It′s analyzed how to apply the case method during the auto insurance teaching and put forward the project on application of the case method.


—Energy production and consumption in the future may depend on renewable energy sources and also depends on the efficiency of utilizing it. Here, a hybrid system, a combination of solar cells and thermoelectric generators is controlled by open circuit voltage method which is normally used for linear electrical characteristics. The proposed system is supported by theoretical analysis and simulation. Lead acid battery is used to accumulate the harvested energy. Cuk converters are used here to improve the efficiency and helps in reduction of noises. Hybrid generators are found to be efficient and more stable.


Charges are used as instruments to anticipate any change in traffic and other economic variables. Accordingly, charges need to be analyzed and predicted for anticipating future needs of airport operations and investment. Generally, an airport planner or management are concerned about the charges rates movement in the past. Based on empirical data of airport service charges, it has seen an irregular or unclear charges movement pattern. This pattern is influenced by a variable parameter of charges. In the cost-based concept, cost is a critical rule in making the value of charges for airport users. Other variables that are concerned in making a charging design are level of facility utilization and quality of services. Both variables have a correlation with the congestion issue and user satisfaction in the airport. This paper explores airport pricing based on these variables and analyzes their relationships by making a structure causality. By using the Bayesian Network (BN) method, a graphic model for probabilistic relationships, the authors examine uncertainty issues based on causality matters. As the output, the authors propose a BN graphic structure that provides conditional probability of charges variables.


ABSTRACT Much of the literature on using communication skills in negotiations in critical incidents focuses primarily on analyses at the word, clause, or sentence level (or micro level), and typically classifies, labels, and interprets these in terms of sets of active listening skills (mirroring, emotion labeling, paraphrasing, etc.), or suggested example phrases that negotiators need to draw upon for rapport‐building during an incident. The analysis presented in this paper attempts to move away from this micro level focus by analysing the stages and processes of a critical incident from a macro or discourse view. It is proposed that an analysis of the ways that the interaction between the police negotiator and the person of interest (POI) moves through various stages, and cycles through various interactive processes, can be revealing in terms of the critical moments when these occur, and in explicating the ways that critical incidents can unfold.


In the digital age, many corporations communicate with their publics via online channels. Among many channels, a corporation's official Web site is often used for informing publics of its performance and other corporate-related information and for shaping a positive corporate image. This study quantitatively analyzed corporate Web sites, particularly the "About us" Web pages of Fortune 500 corporations based on symbolic convergence theory (SCT), which describes the formation of symbolic reality and the shared meaning of that symbolic reality among the public. A content analysis revealed that economic corporate management was the dominant rhetorical vision, and the fantasy, in the context of SCT, of being a superior company was emphasized by the 500 examined corporations. Such symbolic reality was constructed using corresponding structural tools of Web content, such as dramatis personae, plot line, and scene. In addition, the rhetorical vision and fantasy themes created by the Web sites turned out to be contingent on business classifications (retailer/distributor, manufacturers, and financial/informational/recreational services). Companies that pursued other types of fantasy themes (such as admirable, futuristic, and competent/stable) and rhetorical visions (such as socially responsible corporate management) were also identified. Some suggestions for corporate communicators are provided based on the results of this analysis.


or S2C12 in a molar ratio of 1:l provides the new spectra of which and the structure of the second Reaction of CpiTi2Se4 with either SC12 complexes CpiTiSe4S or CpiTiSe3S2, the 1 H NMR


Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a generalized connective tissue disorder characterized by sclerotic changes in the skin and internal organs. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a newly reported cytokine of the IL-1 family. Aim of the work The aim of this study was to determine serum levels of IL-33 in SSc patients and evaluate its association with clinical manifestations and disease subset. Patients and methods The patients in this study were divided into group A and group B. Group A included 30 adult patients with SSc, which was subdivided into diffuse systemic sclerosis (dSSc) and limited systemic sclerosis (lSSc). All cases were diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria for SSc. Group B included 15 healthy adults (age and sex matched) who served as controls. Serum IL-33 levels were examined by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 30 patients with SSc and in 15 healthy individuals. Skin assessment was done using the modified Rodnan skin score. Results IL-33 was increased in all SSc patients compared with controls. The levels of IL-33 were significantly higher in the dSSc subset compared with the lSSc subset. IL-33 is highly correlated to the presence of pulmonary fibrosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, pitting scars and ulcers, pulmonary hypertension, joint contracture, and modified Rodnan skin score. Thus, IL-33 levels were increased in SSc patients and correlated with the extent of skin sclerosis and the severity of pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, IL-33 possibly plays a role in cutaneous and pulmonary fibrosis in SSc patients. Conclusion IL-33 may have a significant role in the pathogenesis of SSc. IL-33 serum levels paralleled the severity of the disease subset. Understanding of IL-33 functions is important for the development of new therapeutic approaches including IL-33 inhibitors and IL-33 receptor blockers as a therapeutic target.


In this paper, we discuss SMILE (SMartphone Intuitive Likeness and Engagement) application, a portable Android application that allows a human to control a robot using speech input. SMILE is a novel open-source and platform independent tool that will contribute to the robot soccer research by allowing robot handlers to verbally command robots. The application resides on a smartphone embedded in the face of a humanoid robot, using a speech recognition engine to analyze user speech input while using facial expressions and speech generation to express comprehension feedback to the user. With the introduction of intuitive human-robot interaction into the arena of robot soccer, we discuss a couple specific scenarios in which SMILE could improve both the pace of the game and autonomous appearance of the robots. Running on a commercially available smartphone, the SMILE application was first implemented on the MU-L8 TeenSize platform, as shown in this video http://youtu.be/EQfZ_BoDF5c.


There are still very few issues in international politics that are by nature morally compelling; but Tibet is one of them. The year 1999 marked the 40th anniversary of Chinese occupation of Tibet and the exile of its spiritual and political leader the Dalai Lama. The occasion also served as a reminder to us on the international community's failure to solve this long-standing dispute. Tibet equals with Bosnia, East Timor, Kashmir and Northern Ireland in terms of rights to self-determination . Perhaps, in the post-World War II period, Tibetans have suffered more than any other community in terms of ethno-cultural genocide and religio-politica l suppression by another state whose sovereignty is disputed. It is also close to half-a-century since Communist China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) marched into this medieval polity ruled by its God-King, the Dalai Lama. What followed was vandalism and persecution by the Chinese in Tibet unparalleled in modern times. This situation has altered very little since the Chinese moved into Tibet. However, unlike other occupied communities, Tibetan response to Chinese violations has been remarkably peaceful and restrained. Nevertheless, this attitude among Tibetans is changing: they are more restive than ever. Perhaps the clamour for secessionism and self-determination across the world has something to do with this behaviour. But there are many larger issues at work which may signiŽ cantly alter the nature, character and method of Tibetan opposition to Chinese occupation from a relatively non-violent protest movement to a fullscale secessionist intra-state guerrilla uprising. Should that happen international community has to blame itself for its non-compliance with the 'actual' Tibetan situation.


Objective To investigate the expression of gamma aminobutyric acid(γ-GABA) and its receptor in dorsal root ganglion(DRG) of rats with neuropathic pain and to explore its significance.Methods The rat model with chronic neuropathic pain were prepared in 20 SD rats by L5 DRG ligation(SNL group).The expression of γ-GABA and its receptor GABAAα1 in DRG were determined with SABC method,and another 10 rats were selected as sham operation group.Results Compared with sham operation group,the expression levels of γ-GABA and its receptor GABAAα1 in DRG were both significantly decreased(P0.05) in SNL group.Conclusion The decrease of GABA neuron and down regulation of GABAA receptors could induce the decrease of GABA signal transmission,which may play an important role in the development of neuropathic pain.


Thickness effect on fatigue life of pure copper single-crystal foils with two different surface orientations, ð21 1Þ and ð5 11 1Þ, but with the same stress-axis orientation was investigated by means of S-N curve measurement and microstructural observation. Thicknesses of the foils were in range from 140 to 500μm. Fatigue life of the ð21 1Þ specimen was much longer (by a factor of 1000) than that of the ð5 11 1Þ specimen within the given range of the foil thickness. The orientation dependence of fatigue life became more pronounced with decreasing the foil thickness. The size and crystal orientation dependence of the fatigue life can be explained reasonably by considering the reduction of the net area of the primary and secondary slip planes during deformation. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2014352]


Abstract We show that near the resonant excitation of surface electromagnetic waves the amplitude of the reflected wave in a metallic film admits formally the same approximation as applies for gratings. Using this approximation it is easy to show that the phase exhibits different behaviour when the film thickness is above or below the critical value corresponding to the absorption of the reflected wave.


Underwater tapping machine having a drive shaft, the shaft driving a drill rod, and simultaneously connect a differential mechanism, the differential mechanism connecting the drill, so that the differential feed drill, drill the lower end has a knife and center drill hole, said transmission shaft, drill holes are located in the machine housing, between the lower end of the drill pipe and the tapping machine has a cabinet above the ring, said drive shaft and differential means are connected to a differential, the differential a connection counter. Since the present invention between the drill pipe and casing has one or more seals, underwater during drilling operation, greatly improving the sealing performance of the tapping machine; and through the differential counter will travel back and forth to the drill pipe displayed in digital form, accurate and convenient reading, to overcome the well-known scale rod scale underwater see, easy to misread shortcomings; in addition, the use of digital display counter, can lose the ruler bar, the machine reduced height, compact ,nice appearance.


The invention relates to a preparation method of rhizoma pinelliae preparata, in particular to a preparing method of rhizoma pinelliae preparata, comprising the following steps of: preparing clean rhizoma pinelliae, separating according to the size, soaking in clear water till no dried cores are found, and taking out; preparing an appropriate amount of liquorice, adding water and decocting twice, merging the decocted liquor, adding calcined lime blocks in the obtained liquorice juice, adding an appropriate amount of clear water, fusing and removing lime mud, adding soaked rhizoma pinelliae, soaking and stirring once or twice everyday, keeping the pH value of the soaked liquor above 12, taking out till the section is yellow evenly and the mouthfeel is slightly numb, and drying to obtain the finished product, wherein 15kg of liquorice and 10g of calcined lime are used relative to every 100kg of clean rhizoma pinelliae. The method shortens the production time, improves the production efficiency, fully preserves the effective ingredients of the rhizoma pinelliae, greatly reduces the toxic ingredients, ensures the product quality, reduces the accessory consumption, saves the production cost, has easily controlled production process and guarantees the normalization of the rhizoma pinelliae preparation process.


Current situation of domestic PVC cable industry and its new demand of PVC cable materials are introduced.PVC resin with uniform molecular weight distribution,dull PVC resin,bulk PVC resin and PVC resin with high polymerization degree are required in PVC cable industry.


There are many reports on biologically inspired helical structure obtained by polymers, foldamers and low molecular-weight molecules. Indeed, helices with controllable pitches at nanometrical level are attractive not only to mimic nature, but also for the wide range of applications in materials sciences, chemical and biomaterial sensing, and enantioselective catalysis. Here we report the synthesis of inorganic nanohelices based on the transcription of supramolecular helical assemblies,2 which can be used to induce chiroptical properties to a large variety of host molecules grafted on their surface, which can then be used as sensors for enantioselective recognition for the chiral guests.
 [1] a) Oda, R., Huc, I., Schmuts, M. Candau, S. J., Mackintosh, F. C. Nature, 1999, 399, 566 ; b) Brizard, A., Aimé, C., Labrot, T., Huc, I., Berthier, D., Artzner, F., Desbat, B., Oda, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129¸ 3754. c) R. Tamoto, N. Daugey, T. Buffeteau, B. Kauffmann, M. Takafuji, H. Ihara and R. Oda Chem commun, 2015, 51, 3518-3521
 2 a) Delclos, T.; Aimé, C.; Pouget, E.; Brizard, A.; Huc, I.; Delville, M.-H.; Oda, R., Nano Letters 2008, 8 (7), 1929-1935 ; b) Okazaki, Y.; Cheng, J.; Dedovets, D.; Kemper, G.; Delville, M.-H.; Durrieu, M.-C. Ihara, H.; Takafuji, M.; Pouget, E.; Oda R.; Acs Nano, 2014. 8(7): 6863-6872; c) Y Okazaki, J Cheng, D Dedovets, G Kemper, MH Delville, MC Durrieu, H Ihara, M Takafuji, E Pouget, R Oda, ACS Nano, 2014 (6) PMID: 24883981

 Figure 1


Discussed the basic principle of real-time feature extraction system of roll forming processing. Multi-thread synchronization mechanism is adopted to realize parallel executing of image acquiring and image processing. And a detail-preserving mixed filter is designed to remove mixed noise and protect the detail of image.Then the algorithm of iterative threshold is used to segment image in order to get a binary image. Finally,the erode algorithm of image morphology extracts the edge outline of workpiece. Experiment results show that the system of image feature extraction has higher orientation precision and faster image processing speed,and is able to satisfy the generic require of real-time processing.


....................................................................................................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................ iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................. vi LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION...............................................................1 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................... 3 Tourism Industry in Canada – A Snapshot ..................................................................... 3 Food Tourism ..................................................................................................................... 4 Defining Wine Tourism ................................................................................................ 5 Wine Tourism Development in Canada and British Columbia .................................... 5 Economic Impact of Wine Tourism ............................................................................. 7 Defining the Wine Tourist ............................................................................................ 8 Wine Tourist Profiles.................................................................................................... 9 Motivation ......................................................................................................................... 11 Identifying Travel Motivation .................................................................................... 11 Motivation of Wine Tourists ...................................................................................... 12 Millennials ........................................................................................................................ 13 Defining Millennials ................................................................................................... 13 Millennials and Wine Tourism ................................................................................... 15 Gaps in the Literature ..................................................................................................... 16 Research Purpose ............................................................................................................. 16 CHAPTER 3 KAMLOOPS WINE TRAIL................................................................. 17 Destination Kamloops ...................................................................................................... 17 Tourism in Kamloops ...................................................................................................... 17 Development of the Kamloops Wine Trail .................................................................... 18


Information about objects and their positions in an environment are necessary requirements for most tasks of a mobile autonomous robot, in particular regarding the control of behavior and navigation. This presents a specialchallenge for robots with a limited view angle. Autonomously soccer playing robots in the dynamic environment of the RoboCup Standard Platform League are exposed to these difficulties. Most approaches aggregate all available information in one holistic model in order to localize robots. In case of inconsistent perceptions the model either turns noisy or creates and tracks an addiotional hypothesis. To improve the localization – and thus the behavior control – local models have received only little attention so far. In this work the implementation of a local goal model is presented and analyzed. A multi-hypothesis particle filter is used to cope with ambiguity of goal post percepts as well as to process incomplete and uncertain sensor information. Additionally, a percept buffer supports the initialization and also facilitates the handling of sparse false measurements. On the basis of this local goal model inconsistencies can be explicitly modeled, which may be used to stabilize the location of a robot.


I AM DEEPLY honored to have been selected as the Janet Doe lecturer for 1988. My gratification is enhanced by the fact that this occasion allows me to pay tribute, however small, to Janet Doe, whom I had the great privilege of meeting twice, informally, in my early days as a member of MLA. There were only five of us at a dinner party during the 1965 annual meeting in Philadelphia, but this brief association was sufficient for me to appreciate her greatness, her charm, and her unique personality. I hope that, in some measure, I may be able to do her justice today. At least some Janet Doe lecturers are beset with doubt when the call comes, honor though undoubtedly it is. My illustrious predecessor, David Bishop, worried about the question of whether that meant that he had now joined the ranks of the dinosaurs. Being the first lecturer to come out of the ranks of the retired, this issue cannot trouble me. I take it for granted that it is a fait accompli. But, like others, I did worry about the message, that instrument that is expected to keep you in your seats for an hour in a state not approaching somnolence. The simplest prescription I could find to guide me to this hoped-for outcome was Eleanor Roosevelt's advice for such circumstances: "Have something to say, say it, and sit down." The third part of her recommendation would give me no difficulty, I knew. The other two required more attention. I finally decided that, like Tristram Shandy's Uncle Toby, I would ride my hobby horse. I would like to add, however, that there is at least one important difference between Uncle Toby and myself. Tristram Shandy claims that:


The liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC SLM) is very suitable for wavefront correction and optical testing and can produce a wavefront with large phase change and high accuracy. The LC SLM is composed of thousands of pixels and the pixel size and shape have effects on the diffractive characteristics of the LC SLM. This paper investigates the pixel effect on the phase of the wavefront with the scalar diffractive theory. The results show that the maximum optical path difference modulation is 41 μm to produce the paraboloid wavefront with the peak to valley accuracy better than λ/10. Effects of the mismatch between the pixel and the period, and black matrix on the diffraction efficiency of the LC SLM are also analysed with the Fresnel phase lens model. The ability of the LC SLM is discussed for optical testing and wavefront correction based on the calculated results. It shows that the LC SLM can be used as a wavefront corrector and a compensator.


We study the entanglement spectrum of topological systems hosting non-Abelian anyons. Similar to energy levels of a Hamiltonian, the entanglement spectrum is organized into symmetry multiplets. We find that the ratio between different eigenvalues within one multiplet is universal and is determined by the anyonic quantum dimensions. This result is a consequence of the conservation of the total topological charge. For systems with non-Abelian topological order, this generalizes known degeneracies of the entanglement spectrum, which are hallmarks of topological states. Experimental detection of these entanglement spectrum signatures may become possible using multi-copy schemes allowing to measure quantum entanglement and its symmetry-resolution. We discuss such a protocol explicitly in the context of Majorana wires.


In the last years, a great interest in research of technologies has been conducted. New technologies can cause problems in the general population and especially in the childhood and adolescent population. The attention deficit disorder (ADHD) is the most important psychiatric disorder in childhood and adolescent stage. An important co morbidity between ADHD and psychiatric disorders has been reported in previous research. Most studies suggest that children with ADHD are especially vulnerable to develop addictions to new technologies. The aim of this paper is to make a review about ADHD and new technologies papers, in order to study the co morbidity between this disorders, the risks and benefits of new technologies, and to know therapeutic guidance about the use of new technologies in child and adolescent population with ADHD.


Taking the method of shotcrete and rock bolt support can effectively keep slope stability and prevent soil erosion, but this method also makes the local microclimate change. This paper is to discuss the microclimate effect of revegetation on concrete slope, which take the excavated slope in Guandi hydropower station as the research object. The results show that, vegetation can significantly reduce the ground temperature and increase humidity on concrete slope, and adjust humidity changes. Especially under the conditions of high temperature in sunny day, the microclimate regulation effect of vegetation on naked slope is more obvious.


The Oxford Handbook of Gastrointestinal Nursing second edition commences with anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract and the accessory organs such as the liver. The subsequent chapters explore the diseases and conditions of these structures. This edition has built on the fantastic work of the previous authors. This new edition is restructured and updated to ensure that developments made in the last 10 years are included and outdated work is limited. The focus is on a diversity of bowel functions/diseases/investigations/surgery, which will assist the nurse in caring for people with issues related to their gastrointestinal tract.anatomy


The image of childhood as reflected through literature has evolved through time and places, even though it is almost intrinsic to autobiography and is essential to the genre of the Bildungsroman. Childhood narratives do not only allow writers to convey a critique of society as seen through the eyes of an naive, innocent child, or to explore the roots of their own artistic vocation. They also represent a challenge for the writer who has to invent or imitate the language of a character who is not yet in full command of words. In Ireland, one of the master childhood narratives is James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, in which Stephen Dedalus discovers language in his early childhood and later decides to become an artist working with words. This article studies four contemporary Irish childhood narratives which each in its own way exemplify the main features of the genre: Hugo Hamilton's The Speckled People, Roddy Doyle's Paddy Clarke HaHaHa, Claire Keegan's Foster and Patrick McCabe's The Butcher Boy.The interest of these four novels lies in their concern not just witht he representation of childhood but also with the recreation of a specific language associated with this period of life.


Over the past few years in Russia and the world there has been a rapid development of goods and services e-commerce. Therefore, an issue of inflationary consequences of the process of e-commerce growth is topical. The subject of this research is the impact of the development of e-commerce on inflation. The purpose of the paper to identify key theoretical mechanisms of e-commerce development influence on inflation, in addition to empirically verify the presence of the de-inflation effect on Russian data. The paper bases on methods of systematization, descriptive analysis, panel data econometric analysis. Also systematize basic mechanisms of e-commerce influence and provide empirical evidence for the disinflationary effect of ecommerce in Russian regions as a result of the study. The study concludes that e-commerce causes predominantly downward pressure on prices and inflation. Econometric analysis confirms this effect on Russian regions data in 2014–2020. The scientific novelty of the research lies in systematization of channels of e-commerce influence on various spheres of economy and confirmation of disinflationary effect of e-commerce using Russian data. The study's recommendation is to consider the aspect of price reduction pressure in Russia's monetary policy during the further spread of e-commerce.


Surface ionization sources are used in Heavy Ion Fusion (HIF) experiments because they can provide bright, high current beams. Recently we have made new alumino-silicate K + sources for the Neutralized Transport Expt. (NTX) and the High Current Transport Expt. (HCX). The source diameters are 2.54 cm and 10 cm respectively and they have demonstrated ion currents of 80 mA and 600 mA for typical HIF pulse lengths of 5 - 10 µ s. The corresponding current density is ~ 10 - 15 mA/cm 2 , but much higher current density has been observed using smaller size sources. Under normal usage, an alumino-silicate source can last for many months of operation. This long life is in agreement with the low level of neutral atom emission detected in our experiments. One noteworthy achievement is the improved technique in fabricating large diameter sources with high quality alumino-silicate coating on tungsten substrates. We will present beam data obtained from these sources and discuss the method of fabrication and quality control procedures.


570 Background: H is a humanised monoclonal antibody directed at HER2. The extracellular domain (ECD) of the HER2 protein may be shed into the serum and is detectable using ELISA. A correlation has previously been suggested between baseline shed ECD and response. This relationship as well as the effect of trastuzumab [Herceptin (H)] and chemotherapy on ECD levels are investigated.

METHODS
Data are presented from 4 phase II/III clinical trials: Study BO15935: q3w H + paclitaxel (P) in MBC (N=30 patients analysed for ECD) Study M77001 : q3w docetaxel (D) +/- qw H in MBC (N=135) Study WO16229: q3w H alone in MBC (N=98) Study BO15899: qw Gemcitabine/Cisplatin (GC) +/- H in NSCLC (N=103) ECD sampling frequency varied between studies from every cycle to every third cycle.

RESULTS
No clear relationship was found between baseline ECD levels and best clinical response. After the start of therapy, ECD levels fell irrespective of the agent(s) received. Cytotoxics +/- H resulted in rapid large reductions in ECD followed by a relative plateau (eg study M77001 : median ECD declined from baseline of 30.2 ng/ml (n=136) to 9.8ng/ml (n=97) at cycle 6 (week 16)). However, H monotherapy led to a slower, more steady reduction over the duration of treatment (eg study WO16229: declined from baseline of 31.4 ng/ml (n=98) to 8.7 ng/ml (n=2) at cycle 24 (week 70)). There was no obvious difference in the course or the extent of decline when analysed by best response. Additional longitudinal analyses will be presented.

CONCLUSIONS
In these studies including a total of 366 patients, there was no obvious relationship between baseline ECD levels and response. In all cases ECD levels dropped with antiproliferative therapy. [Figure: see text] [Table: see text].


Purpose: The purpose of this study is to gain greater understanding of how the public sector in smaller communities perceive and handle difficulties in recruiting executives and what they base their chosen approach on. Methodoly: Using an inductive approach, a survey study was performed on the public sector of Kalmar Lan. A qualitative method was used to collect data, by conducting eight semi-structured interviews with executives in public sector organizations. Conclusion: The study has shown that public sector in smaller communities perceives a problem finding relevant candidates for executive positions, but they do not see it as a crisis. To handle the difficulties in finding relevant applicants they use operative and strategic actions. Operative actions include for example extending the ad and using the informal recruitment method. The strategic actions involves for example the talent management programs and by working with employer branding. The public sector in smaller communities is taking actions to handle the problem they perceive and also to handle the underlying factors that led to the problem. The way they handle the problem is based on formal and informal forces. Different forces prevent flexibility and the public sector in smaller communities imitates each other to maintain their legitimacy.


Advanced technology has become too much complicated for general public to understand. Very limited expert can understand and treat this sort of complicated technology. Advanced technology is losing close contact to most people. The present speaker characterize this phenomenon as technomonopoly. Unless people accept and support technology, environmental issues cannot be solved. Intelligent materials have to be developed to simplify technology in order to recover friendship to general public. When general public understand technology, feel satisfied with technology and think technology of their own, technodemocracy is thus achieved.


The agency of primary school students has been studied increasingly in recent years; yet, we know relatively little about student agency in music educational settings or how students experience their participation in joint musical action. This study explores sixth-grade students' experiences of their agency in whole-class playing. Qualitative content analysis of 11 pair interviews identified vulnerability as an essential element of participating in whole-class playing, highlighting the intrinsically emotional nature of the process, the immediacy of the musically shared moment and the safe place of entrainment. This study elucidates the enactment of agency and the resources facilitating and limiting agency within the context of whole-class playing from the perspective of students themselves.


The methodology of modular programming has received increased attention in which the most basic yet important part is the intermodule communication. Circumstances may dictate the use of assembly language in software development. However, linkage conventions at this level are generally lacking or unworkable. This paper proposes a calling sequence convention and a calling sequence handler for intermodule communication. This scheme is simple to use and enhances good programming practices, such as simplicity, flexibility, comprehensibility and integrity.


The reproductive behavior of the giant kelpfish was observed at Santa Catalina Island, California, from 1972-79. Establishment of a territory, courtship, spawning, and parental care were examined, as were age and weight relationships. Reproductively active males were found to select and weakly defend an algal oviposition site. Nests were not modified or prepared by the males, but were present during most months of the year. Forty defended nests were observed (27 with eggs); 77% of these involved red algae with Gelidium nudifrons (56%) the principal species. The male's courtship repertoire includes five behavioral units and a distinctive nuptial body color pattern. The female is passive throughout. The female deposits a mass of adhesive eggs within the nest following a short courtship by the male. Spawning requires 40 to over 60 min to complete. In addition to fertilizing the eggs, the male chases intruding fishes from the area while the female is in the nest. The egg mass was apparently the result of a single spawning, because no nests were observed with multiple stages of egg development. The male guards the eggs after the spent female leaves. Male defense of the egg-laden nest is vigorous against all conspecifics and some alga searching fish predators, but minimal or non-existent for other fish species.


Journal of Chemical Physics Submitted: 31 March, 1997 ABSTRACT The highly structured visible absorption spectrum of the bromine dioxide radical, OBrO, has been observed in the 15500 to 26000 cm-l region. The spectrum is dominated by a long progression progressions built excitation of the n the Br-O symmetric stretching motion (vi') and a series of short on the bending mode (V2'); there are no features associated with the antisymmetric stretching mode (vJ'). The spectrum also contains numerous transitions originating from the (O, 1,0) and (1,0,0) vibrational levels of the electronic ground state, X(2B l). A simultaneous fit to all of the observed vibronic features yielded the frequencies vI° = 799.4 cm-l, W" = 317.5 cm-l, f.1)1' = 641.5 cm-', c%' = 21O.7 cm-l and a band origin TO = 15863 cm-l. Franck-Condon simulations combined with ab initio calculations of the four lowest OBrO doublet electronic states identify the spectrum as arising from the C(2AZ)+-X(2B 1) electronic transition.


P hagocytic cells analogous to macrophages probably constitute the most primitive effectors of innate immunity. Phylogenetically, immunoglobulin-producing cells comprise the first instance of a mechanism with antigen-specific recognition capability (Marchalonis and Schluter 1989). Investigators have had a more difficult time, however, assigning cytotoxic cells an appropriate developmental phylogeny. Natural killer (NK) cells are large granular lymphocytes that are not Tcells, B-cells, or macrophages. NK cells lyse tumor cells and can elicit cytotoxic responses to some bacteria and protozoan parasites (Ritz et al. 1988, Trinchieri 1989). Natural killer cells have been detected in virtually all species of vertebrates examined. In mammals, these cells are probably derived from bone marrow and can be found in most lymphoreticular tissue, including the spleen and lymph nodes and in low numbers in the peripheral circulation. Because NK cells participate in many immunological activities, this cell type is likely to have early ancestral origins. For example, with their broad spectrum of targets, NK cells can be considered analogous to uni-


This paper describes the emerging field of Internet Economics and some of the constituencies which are shaping it. It defines the motivating factors for looking at this area, reviews some recent research results, and explores areas of overlapping interest. The paper concludes with six recommendations for further work.


Nowadays, the external environment for many companies is characterized by turbulence associated with globalization, changing customers and investor demands, increasing product market competition, technology growth, considering knowledge and learning as the main assets of organizations and rapid increasing change and chaos. Some management sages advocated new "generative transformational" forms of learning to deal with an external reality in which everything is constantly evolving or "becoming". These assumptions rise to the notion of learning organization. However, examining the relationship between learning organization dimensions and other organizational elements makes it possible to draw on suitable strategies in order to improve learning. In this study the relationship between learning organization dimensions in point view of Watkins and Marsick including continuous learning, dialogue and inquiry, team learning, embedded system, system connection, ,empowerment, Strategic leadership and transformational leadership have been investigated. This study is a descriptive correlational research. Considering goal, it is an applied research. Statistical Population of the study includes Iranian National Petrochemical companies that are 45. Due to the accessibility of the whole statistical population, in this research census sampling method has been used. Research findings showed a significant relationship between transformational Leadership and three dimensions (among 7 dimensions) of learning organization which consist of "continuous learning", "team learning", and "embedded system". In considering the triple levels of learning organization, the findings illustrated a significant relationship between transformational Leadership and two levels (group and organizational).


Despite much work and significant progress on the stabilization, purification, and structural analysis of steroid receptors extracted from mamm alian tissues, the native state still remains largely unknown. Receptors for a single class of steroids from the same tissue have been detected in various molecular fonns and at least three functional states. In this review, these states are referred to as the untransformed, transformed, and inactive states. They are distinguished by differences in the affinity of the receptor for steroids and in the affmity of the steroid-receptor complex for nuclei, DNA, and ionic resins. The untransjormed steroid-receptor complexes are detected in cytoplasmic extracts (cytosols) of cells or tissues that were incubated with steroid in the cold, or in cytosols incubated with steroid at low temperature and low ionic strength. These complexes are characterized by low affinity for nuclei, chroma tin, DNA, or anionic resins, such as DNA-cellulose or ATP-agarose, and high affinity for cationic resins, such as DEAE-cellulose or DEAE-agarose [re viewed in (15, 31, 63, 92)]. Transformation, defmed as the acquisition of high affmity for nuclei, DNA, and anionic resins, is effected by warming cells that were incubated in the cold with steroid (68, 69, 123a) or by various manipula tions of steroid-containing cytosols, such as prolonged storage, dilution, gel


. In the North-East part of The Netherlands, induced seismicity due to gas extraction is affecting a local building stock consisting mainly of unreinforced masonry (URM) houses not designed for earthquake resistance. Experimental and numerical studies conducted at EUCENTRE, Pavia (Italy), have demonstrated that buildings with URM cavity-walls structural systems are among the most vulnerable existing Dutch construction typologies. A light and reversible retrofit system made of timber frames and oriented-strands boards was then designed and tested to increase the in-plane and out-of-plane capacities of masonry piers and to enhance their connections with the floor diaphragms. The development of modelling approaches able to simulate the influence of the retrofit system is of fundamental importance for future applications to real-case existing buildings and for vulnerability studies on different building stocks. Based on two quasi-static in-plane shear-compression tests on two full-scale masonry piers, one in bare and one in retrofitted configuration, a specific macroelement was calibrated to simulate the bare pier lateral response and the effects of the retrofit on the in-plane flexural and shear capacities. This paper discusses the adopted modelling strategies and the comparison between numerical and experimental results.


This paper presents a non-linear analysis of the dome-shaped notes on the steelpan under compressive and thermal stresses. Equations are derived for the static and dynamic response of symmetrically distorted notes. Analytical results are obtained for modal frequencies, non-linear coupling coefficients and the buckling parameter. Experimental results demonstrate the vibration characteristics and their dependence on temperature. Experimental results were also obtained for the effects of stress relaxation which follows the shaping and tuning process of these notes by hammer peening. The results of the analysis are applicable to other shell-like structures not necessarily designed for musical purposes.


Loan agreement (hills leasehold forestry and forage development project) between the kingdom of nepal and the international fund for agricultural development. Rome, 25 january 1990


Containing enormous amounts of various types of data, web has become the main source for finding the desired information. Meanwhile retrieving the desired information in such a vast heterogeneous environment is much difficult. This situation has led to a drastic increase in the popularity of internet search engines. Undoubtedly, designing both efficient and effective ranking strategies as the basic core of web information retrieval systems are unavoidable. Unfortunately most of the proposed ranking algorithms do not work very well over general datasets because of their fixed configurations. Many of these algorithms also suffer from their computational costs. Regarding these shortcoming, in this paper, a new ranking framework named "NNRank" is proposed which uses the primitive features of web documents from the categories of content and context using an artificial neural network. The neural networks selected in our approach is a radial basis function or a principle component analysis neural network which due to their high convergence rate, have the capability to exhibit a high performance with a limited number of features. Experimental results based on TREC 2004 gathered in Microsoft LETOR dataset, indicate a noticeable enhancement comparing to the well-known ranking algorithms such as TF-IDF, PageRank and HITS. The results are also comparable with those of BM25.


Purpose: Dosimetric comparison between measurements and Eclipse electron Monte Carlo calculations for small electron fields with central block, used in ocular lymphoma treatment. Method and Materials: Cutout factors for Cerrobend electron blocks with circular apertures of 3, 4 and 5 cm diameters were measured in solid water at dmax for 6 and 9 MeV on Varian iX Linac using electron diode and Markus chamber. The dose at dmax for the same cutouts with an additional central block (1.2 cm in diameter) was measured in the center of the open area adjacent to central block using the same instruments. The experimental setup was modeled in the Eclipse treatment planning system and the calculated doses were compared with the measured values. Kodak X‐OmatV films were used for measurements of relative dose distribution in planes along (axial) and perpendicular (coronal) to central axis at 1 and 2 cm depth. Results: Cutout factors measured by diode and Markus chamber agreed well within 1.9% for both energies with and without central block. Eclipse prediction for open cutouts for 9 MeV agrees better than 1% with diode measurements, while for 6 MeV discrepancy is about 3.1 % for 3 cm cutout. However, Eclipse overestimates the dose at dmax in case of central block setup by 4.9% and 1.4% for 5 cm cutout for 6 and 9 MeV and by 13.7% and 10.2% for 3 cm cutout, respectively. There is a general disagreement between the film measured and calculated profiles with largest differences observed in the shielded region under the central block and at the deeper depths. Conclusion: For small electron cutouts with central blocking, measurements of beam characteristics including output factors and dose distributions are warranted for verification of treatment plans.


Influence maximization is a problem that aims to select top k influential nodes to maximize the spread of influence in social networks. The classical greedy-based algorithms and their improvements ...


The results of studies of five sunflower cultivation variants within the production system ExpressSunTM on ordinary chernozem for 2013-2019 in the southeastern European part of Russia (the hydrothermal index for the growing season – hereinafter HTI – is 0.70) are presented. It was found that when switching to the systemic principle of formation, cultivation technologies based on differentiated soil tillage in crop rotation provided an increase in soil productive moisture reserve to the emergence of sunflower seedlings, in comparison with the traditional technology by 5.8-12.2 mm (3.8-8.0%), P2O5 content by 2.0-27.2 mg/kg (1.0-8.9%). The highest sunflower oilseed productivity 2.52-2.56 t/ha was revealed when using complex fertilizers, which was 0.25-0.43 t/ha (11.0-20.2%) more than other options. Despite the very high content of K2O in the soil, the yield was in direct proportion to this macroelement (r = 0.32-0.85*). The highest conditional net income 27070.2 rubles/ha was established against an intensive background of resourse-saving technology, which was 970.03780.5 rubles/ha (3.7-16.2%) more than other studied options. Based on the data obtained, a low-cost technology of sunflower cultivation has been developed, which includes the following technological operations: applying complex mineral fertilizers (NPK)15, deep soil tillage by 25-27 cm, spring harrowing, pre-sowing cultivation, packing, sowing, harrowing in one track, herbicide treatment, and top-dressing. The expected annual economic effect from the development of new technologies for sunflower cultivation is more than 1100 rubles/ha.


The article offers an overview the variety of I. Franko's translational activity, his approaches to the value of translated works for the Ukrainian language, literature and culture. The main focus is concentrated on significance of the creative works of I. Franko's activity, based on the reception of scientific views of many researchers. The possible ways of further researches are also outlined.


The research on residual oil distribution of high water cut stage is an important aspect of development strategy for a mature oilfield.According to the fluid flow properties of high water cut stage reservoir,using the radial flowing parameters derived from welltest interpreation and integrating some principles of reservoir engineering,a new method of researching residual oil distrbution is presented in the article.An elaborate welltest project had been designed and carried into execution at 437 block of Shuanghe Oilfield for the study;the transient welltest data of producing well and water injection well had been interpreted.The result shows that the residual oil allocates at a certain area between producing wells and injection wells.The new cognition about the law of residual oil distribution of maturely developed reservoir has been obtained by the research,and it is very important to the adjustment and rooting potential work,and tertiary recovery for high water cut reservoir.


In the penetration test for deep penetration treatment wood which is treated with AZE containing triazole fungicide, synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, and zinc soap as a tracer, 0.1% of 1,5-diphenylthiocarbazone (dithizone) solution which forms red complexes with zinc ions is used as an indicator to recognize the penetrated region. However, after two weeks following the treatment, it is often difficult to distinguish red (i.e. the penetrated re-gion) from dark green (i.e. the unpenetrated region), as aging progresses. In this study, the authors aimed to improve the method for determination of the penetrated region of AZE. X-ray fluorescent analyses indicated that zinc complex also exists in such unclear re-gions. Furthermore, the authors observed that a high concentration of dithizone masks the red color of zinc complexes in solution systems. As a result of tests using dithizone solution with different concentrations, it was demonstrated that adjustment of its concentration at between 0.02% and 0.05% makes it possible to distinguish the penetrated region clearly. In addition to such method, the authors found that the precipitation technique with water is usable in the coloring test as a novel method, in the case of application of 0.1% concentration dithizone, in which color determination is otherwise difficult. Consequently, the penetration test for AZE containing zinc soap as a tracer was improved with greater precision.


Though sub-Saharan Africa is on a path of transition and faces immense challenges in promoting economic growth and combating poverty its urbanization process is undergoing an unprecedented high speed. In 2000, the level of urbanisation in Africa stood at 37 percent, but is expected to increase to 54 percent by 2030. Indeed, Africa is approaching a turning point since, between 2000 and 2030; the annual increase in the number of new urban residents is expected to be more than double the rural population growth (Kaszynska, et al., 2012,p.vii). This rapid urban growth has left behind the snail paced infrastructural development as well as meaningful organisation of the urban morphology. Although this high speed urbanisation have been lower than in neighbouring countries of West Africa, Ghana is following similar trends where by 2030, 58 percent of the population will be located in urban areas, averaging an annual growth rate of 3.1 percent from 2000-2010 and 2.2 percent from 2020-2030, respectively. Currently, the 5 largest cities (Accra, Kumasi, Sekondi-Takoradi, Tamale and Tema) are home to more than half of the urban population and play an important role in creation of national wealth (Kaszynska, et al., 2012, p.vii).This urbanisation process have not only led to the congestion of these cities but also the break-down of the the socio-cultural milieu. More so, it has been agravated by the discovery of oil in commercial quantities which has led to euphoria and ecstasy for a nonexistent anticipated cash inflows from the oil economy and escalating rural-urban migration drive.


Finland, whose barren nature makes hard demands on the health of its people, has spent much to modernise its medical services. Clinics and health centres have been built in different parts of the country. In Meilahti in west Helsinki there are six buildings which have been erected as part of a new hospital building programme. They are, the Women's Clinic, the Children's Clinic, the Ophthalmic and Oto-laryngological Clinic, the Institute for nurses, the Institute for Occupational diseases, and the staff residential building. Treatment in the clinics is on a sound scientific basis. Every large hospital in the country has a library of its own, which is provided with the necessary medical textbooks and subscribes for the most important professional periodicals. There are medical libraries of clinics and research institutes, about forty at Helsinki. The size of their book stock varies from about 20-200 metres. Larger collections of medical literature are to be found in the large general libraries, for instance in the library of the University of Helsinki about 900 metres, and in the library of the Scientific Associations nearly 2,000 metres. The latter contains among others the books of two medical societies. There is no large medical library in Finland, and we have long felt the need for one. Before the second world war we were thinking of establishing such a library, but it was not until the end of the last decade that the matter was given serious consideration, and two years ago it was discussed in the administrative bodies of the University of Helsinki. The starting-point was that in the libraries of the University of Helsinki, and in that of the Scientific Associations, there are about 4,000 metres of


Influenza vaccination is generally recommended for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients, but no data are available about the activity of this vaccine after treatment with rituximab-containing regimens. We evaluated the humoral response to the trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine in a group of NHL patients in complete remission for ‡ 6 mo (median, 29 mo) after treatment with rituximab-containing regimens ( n = 31) compared with age-matched healthy subjects ( n = 34). B cell populations and incidence of influenza-like illness were also evaluated. For each viral strain, the response was significantly lower in patients compared with controls and was particularly poor in patients treated with fludarabine-based regimens. In the patient group, the response to vaccination did not fulfill the immunogenic criteria based on the European Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use requirements. Among the patients, CD27 + memory B cells were significantly reduced, and their reduction correlated with serum IgM levels and vaccine response. Episodes of influenza-like illness were recorded only in patients. These results showed that NHL patients treated with rituximab-containing regimens have persisting perturbations of B cell compartments and Ig synthesis and may be at particular risk for infection, even in


To control the indoor climate a control system with feedback is needed. There are several different ways to provide feedback; one possibility is to use a wireless network of sensors. In wireless sensor networks, it is always desirable to save energy for longer battery life. There are several different techniques to achieve it: among them the most common one is to limit the time the radio is active in various ways. This thesis goes through what is relevant to control the indoor climate, wireless sensor networks and a strategy to save energy; by synchronizing the time, and calculate the time drift between all nodes, and allow them to sleep between the reporting of sensor data. This also applies to mesh networks, where some nodes forward messages between other nodes. The suggestions in the thesis is verified with simulations in Simulink and TrueTime. The result shows that it is very well possible to allow nodes to sleep, even in mesh networks, in order to save energy. This applies for time synchronization that only compensates for time offset, and for synchronization that calculates the time drift aswell. A question regarding compensation of the time drift is also addressed; is it necessary to add to the complexity, compared to what you gain in energy conservation?


Different primary cultures of rat Hepatocityes, treated and uiitreated witli aroclor 1254 were used quantify the genotoxicity of different classes of chernical carcino-gens by way DNA sedimentation in alkalinc sacarose gradients. Two parameters of DNA damage werc defined: the effective median concentration, that is, that which diminishes the molecular weight of DNA to half the control weight; and, potency in the production of DNA ruptures, the breakage number per DNA molecule provocated by exposure to 'Z hrs at a concentration of 1 mM of the compound chemical. Genotoxicity was demonstrated for the direct action agent N-Methy-N1-Nitro- N-Nitrousguanidine (6.8 to 340 pM); for the precarcinogen\cs benzo [a] pyrcne (0.05 to 0.33 mM), dimethy nitrosamine (0.45 to 16 mM) ; and nitrouspiperidine (0.61 to 12 mM) in the PHC * of untreated rats, while the genotoxicity of '2-aminofluorine (0.28 to 2.76 mM) was determined only in the PHC of rats pretreated wyth aroclor 1254. The pretreatment of rats with aroclor 1254 significantly deminished the molecular weight of DNA, EC,,,*, of BP *, and DMN *, while the PRP of MNNG, of the BP, and of the DMN. These results showed that pretreatment with aroclor 1254 incremented the genotoxicity of precarcinogens, as well as that of direct carcinogens, suggesting that aroclor 1254 might elevate the genotoxicity of carcinogenic chemicals, by augmenting their metabolism, by producing direct genotoxic effects, or for both reasons.


The higher education sector needs good academic leaders. Unfortunately, the development and support of good leadership has been largely missing, despite its criticality in preparing institutions for these turbulent times. This commentary explores some of the challenges facing the sector with respect to academic leadership. It profiles some of the issues that are emerging with respect to building a robust sector, including addressing higher education's poor performance with respect to viable and well-considered strategy, academic management and the support of vulnerable academic members. It argues that these issues may stem from poor academic leadership and maps some of the reasons for this challenge. Suggestions as to how we might improve the higher education environment through enhanced valuing and support of good leadership are offered.


The particular line and stage direction under consideration here comes from one of the bestloved scenes in Shakespeare, and one of his most deliberate adaptations of classical literature. Much of A Midsummer Night's Dream, of course, is inspired by Greek and Latin texts—as Geoffrey Bullough has noted, the play is composed of the intersection of five different plotlines, each with some degree of connection to the classics (1.367–422). There is, to begin with, the framing plot of Theseus and Hippolyta's wedding, taken largely from Plutarch's Life of Theseus; second, the difficulties of the four lovers, whose names are Greek and whose situations are vaguely Plautine; next, the doings of the fairy world, derived from British folklore as well as Greco-Roman myth; fourth, the misadventures of Nick Bottom that demonstrate an overt debt to Apuleius's Golden Ass; and, finally, "The Most Lamentable Comedy and Most Cruel Death of Pyramus and Thisbe," taken largely from Ovid's Metamorphoses. In this last classically inspired item—the Rude Mechanicals' play-within-the play, and particularly the death scene of Bottom in the role of Pyramus—there can also be discerned a distant echo of Virgil's Aeneid, though the attentive reader will have noticed that the Aeneid is not among the sources mentioned above by Bullough as sources for the comedy. Indeed, Virgil does not seem to have been a favorite author of the Bard's. In Shakespeare and the Uses of Antiquity, Charles Martindale and Michelle Martindale noted that "Shakespeare has little of the Virgilian sensibility" (53). It is not the purpose of the present essay to debate this position—although, in Shakespeare and Classical Antiquity, Colin Burrow (51) has looked to modify the Martindales' hard-line—but rather to suggest that there is a comic allusion in the Mechanicals' production of Pyramus and Thisbe to Dido's death, particularly as presented in the Renaissance grammar school. Understood in this context, the scene constitutes a "schoolboy joke" of the sort Shakespeare made in many of his plays and particularly throughout Act Five of A Midsummer Night's Dream. Indeed, a jesting echo of the Aeneid's most tragic moment is entirely fitting for the Mechanical's "most lamentable comedy." The scene and the particular passage in question occurs just as Nick Bottom-as-Pyramus discovers the mantle of his beloved Thisbe "stain'd with blood" and, imagining the worst, resolves to kill himself with this memorable speech (MSND 5.1.288–300):


As the number of user equipment (UE) in any heterogeneous network (HetNet) assisted by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) continues to grow, so does the number of intruder nodes. The intruder/malicious nodes are able to interfere with the ongoing data transmission in the network and carry out different kinds of active and passive attacks such as spoofing, masquerading, impersonating, and so on in the network thus requiring an optimized security technique for the network. This article implements the novel functional encryption (FE) technique in the proposed UAV assisted HetNet model for the dense urban area to secure data against such intrusions. In this network model, UAV acts as a relay node for those UE which are in nonline‐of‐sight communication with macro based station (MBS). For securing the data transmission among UAV, UE, and MBS, FE technique is implemented in the network in two phases: the first phase between UE and MBS and the second phase between MBS and UE through UAV. During implementation, the Dolev‐Yao attack model is considered in which intruders are able to intercept or modify the UE data. The main objective of the FE technique implementation is to provide security from such intrusion attacks. The proposed methodology is validated using automated validation of Internet security protocols and applications (AVISPA) tool. The results of the AVISPA tool clearly indicate that the proposed technique is safe to implement in the UAV assisted HetNet, even in the presence of intruder nodes.


AIM: To study apoptotic injury induced by aeactive oxygen species - hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on cardiac myocytes. METHODS: Cultured rat neonatal cardiac myocytes were treated with H2O2 of various concentra- tion to observe apoptoitic injury of cardiomyocytes by agarose gel electrophoresis, Giemsa - stained smears of cell, and flow cytometry, meanwhile lactate dehydrogenas (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined to assess the effect of H2O2 on lipid peroxidation and permeability of the plasma membrane. RESULTS: 5 mmol/L H2O2 caused culted cardiomyocytes apoptotic morophological characteristics, including nucleosomal DNA fragmentation in my- ocytes by agarose gell electrophoresis (DNA ladder), cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, and chromatin margin by Giemsa-stained cell smears, and aneuploid peak (AP) - apoptotic bodies occurence by flow cytometry. CONCLU- SONS: H2O2 - induced apotosis in myocytes was a the - and concentration - dependent process, Treatment with low concentration of H2O2(1mmol/L) only caused cardiomyocyted early biochemical changes, such as increase of the radicals level. and membrane permeability, which were pro - apoptotic injurious features. High concentration of H2O2 (10 mmol/L) rapidly induced a necrotic form of death characterized by smeared patterns of DNA digestion on agarose gel electrophoresis and lethal membrane disuption (as measured by LDH release). Exposure of 5 - 10 mmol/ L H2O2 induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis concurrently with biochemical changes of LDH and MDA increase in the medium.


A male pilot whale, Globicephala sp., was reported as a live stranding on 1st March 2012 at Hazelbeach, near Neyland, Pembrokeshire. It was euthanased and its skull was recovered during an onsite necropsy. Examination of the skull and contemporary photographs of the stranded animal confirm that this is the first record of short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus, in  Britain.


Objective
Evaluate the accuracy of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) determination for the diagnosis of cough variant asthma(CVA) and determine the optimal cut point.

Methods
Collected 172 cases of chronic cough patients from October 2012 to October 2013 in the First Affiliated Hespital of Soochow University Hospital.Eighty of them were diagnosed with CVA patients and the other 92 were non-CVA,divided into the CVA group and the non-CVA.Astrograph Airway Responsiveness Analyzer and FeNO Tester were used to conduct the excitation experiment and FeNO concentration detection.Based on different FeNO cut point corresponding to specified degree of sensitivity and specificity,the ROC curve was plotted to assess the accuracy of Fe NO CVA diagnosis and its optimum cut point.

Results
FeNO value of CVA group[(41.04±18.41) ppb] was significantly higher than the non-CVA group[(23.60±16.58) ppb],and P< 0.01.Area under the ROC curve was 0.830 (CI:0.767~ 0.893),the optimal cut point of FeNO used to diagnose CVA is at 33 ppb,by which the value of sensitivity was 73.4% and specificity 81.0%,positive predictive value 77.9%,negative predictive value 78.9%,accuracy 78.5%.

Conclusions
FeNO used in the CVA diagnosis shows higher sensitivity and specificity,and it can be used as auxiliary diagnosis of CVA.

Key words:
Cough variant asthma; Fractional exhaled nitric oxide; Bronchial provocation tests; Receiver operating characteristic curve


The rates of racemization of optically active proline [Pro] and 2-piperidinecarboxylic acid [Pia] by using aldehydes as a catalyst tended to increase with a decrease in the acidity of the carboxylic acid used as solvent. Based on these results, the asymmetric transformations of DL-Pro and (RS)-Pia were carried out via formation of salts with (2R, 3R)-tartaric acid to give optically pure L-Pro in over 80% yield and (R)-Pia in 70% yield. The asymmetric transformation of L-Pro was more successfully achieved by using (2S, 3S)-tartaric acid to give optically pure D-Pro in 85% yield based on the starting L-Pro.


The first erosional front of the south‐eastern Alps has been affected by several deep‐seated landslides. The movements affected a Jurassic limestone sequence underlain by an upper Trias unit (Keuper) mainly composed of marl and clays. Horst‐ and graben‐like structures, newly formed gravitational faults, outflow and other field evidence suggest that such movements are consistent with lateral rock spreading processes. An example of such processes is the 'La Marbrière' slope, where field investigations have revealed that three distinct zones corresponding to three evolutionary stages of movement exist. The question is: What are the structural and mechanical modifications undergone by the slope between those evolution stages? To tackle this question, numerical models based on a 2D cross section of the 'La Marbrière' slope have been performed. Results show that, to fit the structural evidence of the precollapse situation, elasto‐plastic behaviour of the Trias Keuper unit is needed. The transition between the precollapse and fresh post‐collapse situations requires a modification of the mechanical behaviour of the Trias Keuper unit to Burger type, resulting in the formation of antithetic and synthetic gravitational faults (producing a graben‐like structure).


5594 Background: The addition of cetuximab to weekly paclitaxel have shown high efficacy in the first-line treatment of patients with recurrent /metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M-SCCHN). However, this combination has been widely extended to patients who present resistance to first line chemotherapy (CT) or those who are not candidate to platinum-based CT.

METHODS
We have retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of cetuximab in combination with weekly paclitaxel in patients with R/M-SCCHN who were not candidate to platinum-based CT or those who present disease progression after platinum schedules. Patients received weekly paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 and cetuximab 250 mg/m2 (initial dose of 400 mg/m2) till progression or unacceptable toxicity.

RESULTS
Twenty-one patients were included. Median age was 56 (43-72), ECOG PS (0/1/2): 6/10/5, 18 patients had received prior platinum-based treatment (9 patients were platinum-sensitive and 9 were platinum-refractory). With a median follow-up of 6.18 months (1.3-29.7), overall response rate (ORR) was 47.6% (95% IC 26.3-69%): 1 (4.7%) complete response and 9 (42.9%) partial responses. Median duration response was 10.23 months. There were no differences in response according to platinum sensitivity (55% sensitive vs. 45% refractory; P=0.74). Median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 4.17 and 9.17 months, respectively. The main toxicity consisted of rash in 70% of patients (55% grade 2-3), with an association between rash severity and ORR (grades 0-1: 33% vs. grades 2-3: 55%; P=0.03) and a trend to better PFS and OS.

CONCLUSIONS
Weekly paclitaxel in combination with cetuximab is a well tolerated and high active treatment in patients with R/M-SCCHN who experience disease progression after platinum-based CT, including those who present resistant disease. The efficacy of this combination is apparently higher than the published data on single agent cetuximab in this setting.


In mountain regions, high economic losses have increased significantly in the past decades due to severe hazard processes, in spite of notable investments in hazard management. Assessing the vulnerability of built structures to high magnitude torrent events is a part of consequence analysis, where hazard intensity is related to the degree of loss sustained. While vulnerability curves have been developed for different countries, the presented work contributes new data from Swiss-based case studies that address a known gap associated with the consequences of high magnitude events.


This paper introduces a 14-bit 150KS/s successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with programmable gain amplifier (PGA) used in CMOS Image Sensor (CIS), which doesn't adopt calibration module as well. The pixel size is 12.5 um × 12.5 um and the pixel array of mentioned CIS is 1026 × 1024. In order to realize the goal of converting more pixel signal, three-way PGA works at the same time to sample three columns of pixel signal and then sends the amplified signal into SAR ADC step by step. What's more, multiple reference voltages and complementary capacitor array are used to reduce the capacitor number and improve resolution, accepting 4.8 Vpp differential input signal. The prototype circuit is fabricated in 180 nm 3.3-V CMOS process. The total area of chip is 26.25 × 18.38 mm2. At a 3.3-V supply and 150 KS/s sampling rate, the ADC with PGA achieves SNR of 71.72 dB and SFDR of 82.91 dB while the single ADC consumes 477.2 uW.


The paper contains: problem definition, presentation of the measured data and the final analysis with the fuzzy regression approach. The benefits of such approach are shown in the case of small size samples. Both mentioned technological processes, the one from the automotive industry and the second from the biotechnological industry, have shown the significant benefits of using the fuzzy regression. In the case of small sample size problem, the results obtained from the fuzzy regression have significantly narrower spread in the comparison with the traditional confidence interval being very wide. The approach should also be useful for similar studies, when the probabilistic description of uncertainty is not possible for the reason of the time, the equipment or the financial limits. The developed method will be useful in eventual transition of the process from a laboratory scale to an industrial scale.


In view of the electric power correspondence network development at present situation,the construction idea of local electric power communications network synthetic monitoring management system,the implementation principle,the function requirement,the hardware implementing plan and relevant management method were proposed.


This paper discusses the relational and subjective aspects of Eduardo Coutinho's creation processes, particularly in his new movie, As cancoes. Fundamented on the concepts of "fabulation" and "ritornello" by Deleuze and Guattari, the paper seeks to analyze Coutinhos's modes of filmmaking not as an "authoral matter", but as a practice of subjective production. I here suggest that his filmmaking processes can be seen as a communicative practice which belongs to a territory of invention and to an ethics of the event, as Badiou understands it.


In the past when Hunter New England Population Health receivedAustralianChildhood ImmunisationRegister lists of children overdue for vaccination, Aboriginal children were identified in partnership with local Aboriginal health workers and followed up in an attempt to facilitate more timely future doses of vaccine. However, this meant that children were already overdue at an age when they were most vulnerable to many vaccine-preventable diseases. This 'lesson from the field' describes a new approach to improve both Aboriginal immunisation rates and the recording by health staff of mothers' identification of their baby's Aboriginal status.


What drove the preferences over institutional choices of EU Constitutional Convention delegates in the area of foreign policy? We examine delegate preferences and find strong evidence that partisan identity rather than government positions drove delegates' preferences for both the role of the Commission and the voting rule in the Council. We also find evidence that delegates' party positions on an EU foreign policy are better predictors than delegates' personal preferences of their preferred role for the Commission and the voting rule in the Council. If government and national interests would dominate any policy area, it would be foreign policy. We contend that our finding in this critical case underscores the importance of partisan effects in European integration.


The paper deals with a level set approach application to SI engine combustion modelling, which is based on solving an additional transport equation to determine the flame front propagation. The presented work is an extension of the paper [6]. The influence of engine speed, air excess, swirl number, engine load as well as application of different turbulence model, in.uence of mesh coarseness and model fine‐tuning constants are investigated and the results are presented. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


For a holomorphic function F defined on the unit disk D let . F is called a Bloch function if We describe a method to get inequalities for real functionals varying on the class of locally univalent Bloch functions F with M(F)≤1. As an application inequalities for the moduli of the Taylor coefficients of such functions are derived.


In order to quickly locate the damaged areas of submarine coating without entering the dock. The submarine surface corrosion current is equivalent to a series of point-type current sources, and the submarine underwater corrosion electric field is modeled. Based on Tikhonov regularization, the current intensity of the equivalent point-type current sources is inversed by the measured value of underwater electric field, and the damaged areas of submarine coating are located according to the corrosion current distribution on submarine surface. The validity of the proposed method has been proved through the comparison of the predicted and the practically damaged areas for a test submarine model.


More and more enterprises, organisations and governments have used and disturbed information in word documents, pdf etc. It makes easily to unauthorized copying and dissemination. According to DRM¿s requirements that are high performance and feasible, we evaluated two common text watermarking methods for instructing practical applications, and proposed a new approach in text watermarking where inter-character spaces are slightly modified for coding. The capacity is improved to 1/3 bit per Chinese character. It is efficient extracting watermarking from document or screen-capture-image. Our experiments suggest it is suitable for word documents and chinese language.


The paper researches the features of the rotor dynamics of knife refining machines. The rotor of these machines turns in the pulp. The total imbalance of the refiner rotor consists of mechanical, hydraulic and hydrodynamic components. The mechanical imbalance of the refiner rotor changes due to the plate wear. In the knife refining machines, it is advisable to use automatic balancing devices to compensate for the imbalance of the rotor during operation of the refiner without stopping it. The methodology for calculating the beats of the rotor plate has been developed and tested. The operational cross-knife gaps of the knife refining machines are comparable to the beats obtained. It is recommended to eliminate gaps in the design of the rotor assembly, i.e. use bearings with tensioner and use a stator to make refiner adjustment. The developed methodology for calculating beats can be used in other similar machines, for example, in centrifugal pumps.


Microbial community structure and functional metabolism are the research hotspots of microbial ecology.However,the research method of microbial community structure and functional metabolism has been limited by technique for a long time.With the development of new techniques,the research approaches for molecular microbial ecology have being changed.High-throughput sequencing technology has ameliorated the research method of microbial diversity,metagenomics and metatranscriptomics.Meanwhile GeoChip which covered large amount of known functional oligonucleotide probes in single chip could determine the presence or absence of microbes and functional genes quickly.The newest research approaches for molecular microbial ecology study were reviewed and compared,and the applicability,advantages and disadvantages of those approaches were discussed.


The present study aimed to investigate the role of orthodontic force in osteogenesis differentiation, matrix deposition and mineralization in periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) cells in inflammatory microenvironments. The mesenchymal origin of PDLCs was confirmed by vimentin and cytokeratin staining. PDLCs were exposed to inflammatory cytokines (5 ng/ml IL-1β and 10 ng/ml TNF-α) and/or tensile strength (0.5 Hz, 12% elongation) for 12, 24 or 48 h. Cell proliferation and tensile strength-induced cytokine expression were assessed by MTT assay and ELISA, respectively. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and type I collagen (COL-I) expression were analysed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Additionally, alkaline phosphatase activity was measured, and the mineralization profile was evaluated by alizarin red S staining. PDLCs exposed to tensile strength in inflammatory microenvironments exhibited reduced proliferation and mineralization potential. Treatment with the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α increased RUNX2 expression levels; however, decreased COL-I expression levels, indicating that bone formation and matrix deposition involve different mechanisms in PDL tissues. Notably, RUNX2 and COL-I expression levels were decreased in PDLCs exposed to a combination of an inflammatory environment and loading strength. The decreased osteogenic potential in an inflammatory microenvironment under tensile strength suggests that orthodontic force may amplify periodontal destruction in orthodontic patients with periodontitis.


Over a last few decades, there has been increasing interest in isolating biological substances against various diseases. Of which mosquitoes plays a vital role in transmitting numerous diseases that are harmful to human being (malaria, filariasis and numerous viral diseases, such as dengue, Japanese encephalitis and yellow fever). Mosquitoes are also become increasingly resistant to traditional chemical pesticides and there is growing concern about the potential health and environmental risks surrounding these products. In order to overcome this, efforts have been taken to control the mosquito by using biological substances . In the present study plant oil formulation was used to control the mosquito larvae. The efficacy of different concentration of the plant oil formulation viz. 15.62, 31.25, 62.5, 125.0 and 250.0 ppm for their larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti, An. stephensi and C. quinquefasciatus. These results are very promising in creating new effective and affordable approaches to the control of vector mosquitoes.


We report on a terahertz/millimeter-wave gas spectroscopy sensor system based on a 245 GHz transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) fabricated in SiGe BiCMOS technology. The frequency is tuned by applying external voltages to voltage-controlled oscillators of the TX and the RX. Exemplary 2f spectra of methanol are presented that exhibit a high SNR of up to 560 and a short acquisition time as short as 39 s, respectively.


This paper presents a Security View of the NOMOHi architecture (Node, Mobile, Hybrid, Intelligent), which combines devices capable of communicating simultaneously and collaboratively on two or more radio communications technologies, supporting processes of artificial intelligence for it. It describes how to work a NOMOHi sensor devices 802.11/Bluetooth/UWB and the WiMAX 802.16e/802.11 network services, and its potential practical applications for the distribution of satellite educational television content while it can be used simultaneously for the survival of communication in case of emergency in rural zones. The biggest problem is in the vulnerabilities of each of the communications technologies used in these networks simultaneously, low computational power of these devices, and of course to be low power consumption, means that this architecture poses immense challenges in terms to security: intrusion detection, trust relations and of course, Security routing protocols. In this paper, a description of how we are implementing a six-layer security architecture in a project designed for rural communications.


The application of communication technology may be the fundamental component in the development and implementation of urban universities in the future. An alternative to the present urban university is the total integration of communication technology into the modes of delivering university services. A model of this alternative is essentially an information center with a large number of remote terminals to which university services are delivered through the use of communication networks. The development of this model is based on: the availability of resources, educational effectiveness, interaction with the urban community, and the capability of being easily accessed.


Promoting and popularizing green consumption is the most important part in the construction of resource-saving campus in colleges and universities,which also has great significance on the construction of a resource-saving society in our country.However,in today's China,with the prevalence of wasteful consumption and conspicuous consumption in the colleges and universities,green consumption has not yet become the mainstream mode of consumption.Therefore,green consumption should be advocated by the colleges and universities in China with all-around efforts so as to accelerate the construction of resource-saving campus.


The literature for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) on supported Mn/Na2WO4/SiO2 catalysts is systematically and critically reviewed. The influence of the precursors, starting SiO2 support crystallinity, synthesis method, calcination temperature, and OCM reaction conditions on the catalyst structure is examined. The supported Mn/Na2WO4/SiO2 catalyst system is found to be dynamic with the catalyst structure quite dependent on the set of variables. Although almost all of the reported studies have determined the catalyst crystalline structures under ambient conditions (room temperature and air exposed), recent in situ/operando characterization study under OCM reaction conditions revealed that all previously detected crystalline phases of the active Mn–Na–W–O components are not present because the reaction temperature is above the melting points of their oxides. The presence of Na also induces the crystallization of the silica support to SiO2 (cristobalite) at elevated temperatures. The nature of the su...


T his article reports the effects of detergents, pH, and pe s ticide s on development of embryos and survival and growth of larvae of the American oy ster and hard -shell clam. Although LAS detergents are more readily biodegraded than ABS deterge nts , r e sults indicate that the former are at least a s toxic to oys ter larvae as ABS compounds. For successful recruitment of clams and oys te rs, the pH of estuarine waters must not fall below 7 .00 f or clams or 6 .75for oy sters. Neither species could rep r oduce successfully in waters where the pH remained appre ciably above 9. 00. Most of the pesticides tested affected embryonic development more than survival or growth of larvae. Some, h owever, drastically reduced growth of larvae at concent rations that had relatively little effect on embryonic developme nt.


The article considers one of the main trends of the industrial revolution 4.0, namely the decarbonization trend, including through the development of renewable energy sources. A significant lag in the development and implementation of renewable energy sources in the Russian Federation compared to the countries of the European Union has been revealed. An analysis of the main reasons for this situation showed the insufficient development of appropriate state mechanisms for stimulating alternative energy sources in Russia, as well as the country's sufficient supply of hydrocarbon fuel. Since solar and wind generation account for the largest share in the structure of renewable energy sources, the author studied existing and promising technologies in the field of solar and wind energy. The advantages and disadvantages of using renewable energy sources are analyzed. The article describes the main mechanisms of state support aimed at the prospective development of renewable energy in Russia.


The wide adoption of Internet has fundamentally altered the ways in which we communicate, gather information, conduct businesses and make purchases. As the use of the World Wide Web, computer scientists and physicists rushed to characterize this new phenomenon. While initially they were surprised by the tremendous variety the Internet demonstrated in the size of its features, they discovered a widespread pattern in their measurements.


The crystal orientation behavior during stretching of a spherulitic high-density polyethylene was observed from the standpoint of changes in uniaxial orientation distribution functions qj(ζj, 0) for 13 different (j-th) crystal planes and further w(ξ, 0, η) for crystallites (crystal grains) both as functions of the extension ratio of a bulk specimen. It was found that two populations develop in w(ξ, 0, η) at θ somewhat larger than 30° and η of 90° and at θ a little smaller than 30° and η of 0° and move to smaller values of θ to some extent, as the extension ratio was increased up to 1.4. The former population seemed to develop posteriorly but at a much greater rate than the latter population. The uniaxial deformation mechanism of polyethylene spherulites is discussed quantitatively by comparing the dependence of w(ξ, 0, η) upon the extension ratio with that calculated from a spherulite deformation model which combines the crystal lamellar orientation in affine fashion with the reorientation of the crystal grains within the orienting lamellae. The crystal reorientation mechanism may be represented by two preferential fashions which involve rotations of the crystal grains about their own a- or b-axes so as to orient their c-axes toward the stretching direction. The rotations of the crystal grains about the crystal a- or b-axes must be associated, respectively, with intra-lamellar shearing or lamellar detwisting and must be accentuated in the polar or equatorial zone of the uniaxially deformed spherulites to give the population at θ a little larger than 30° and η of 90° or at θ a little smaller than 30° and η of 0°.


Defects in material structure effects the ON-state resistance of GaN devices, which can't be considered constant in power loss evaluation when considering high operating frequency. The aim of this article is to propose a novel method to measure the dynamic RDSon. The method resolves a typical disadvantage of former methods e.g. an unclear clamping diode voltage drop in former approaches. Test results obtained with the new method are presented for 3 samples provided by different suppliers. Results shows that each sample exhibits a different dynamic RDSon characteristics what indicates a different process technology used to manufacture the device.


In 2 studies, university students from the United States rated the importance of 43 behavior expectations about their cross-sex friends, same-sex friends and romantic partners. In Study 1, all 399 participants had a current romantic partner, whereas in Study 2, romantic partner status varied across the 165 participants. Participants always rated their expectations for romantic partners higher than for either type of friend, and expectations for behaviors promoting emotional closeness were always rated higher than expectations about behaviors promoting social companionship or relationship positivity. In Study 2, expectations for cross-sex friends were rated lower and more similar to same-sex friends when participants had a current romantic partner than when they did not.


Green Chemisty is new and rapid emerging branch of Chemistry. The beginning of Green Chemistry is considered as a response to the need to reduce the damage of the environment by man-made materials and the processes used to produce them. Green Chemistry could include anything from reducing wastes to even disposing of waste in the correct manner. All chemical waste should be disposed off of in the best possible manner without causing any damage to the environment and living beings. The Green Chemistry revolution is providing an enormous number of challenges to those who practice Chemistry in industry. This article focuses sustainable development, solvent less reaction, oxidation reagent and catalyst.