Playfair is considered as one of the classical encryption symmetric methods, it has a limitation of using just 5×5 matrix, which means only 25 English letters could be represented. In this work, a 2D and 3D method is adopted as an expanded matrix that encompass the overall American standard code for information interchange (ASCII) codes in a permuted manner for all symbols of any language. Any sort of the multi-dimensional matrix will enhance the security by increasing the complexity on the attacker to try 256! patterns of keys probabilities instead of 25!. The key-matrix is generated from the chaotic maps for some control parameters as patterns of non-repeating random numbers from 0 to 255 equivalent to their ASCII code values. The security of the proposed method not rely only on the number of key probabilities, but exceed that to: matrix dimensionality, encryption/decryption algorithms, initial chaotic parameters, and key-matrix values permutation. The efficiency of the proposed cryptosystem has been investigated when tested on 784 samples according to security measurements in which the obtained number of pixels change rate (NPCR) (99.609) is very close to the ideal value, while the correlation plotting close to zero (0.00058) and entropy near from 8 (7.9998).


In the previous paper, the authors presented a sequential cost minimization method for the inspection planning problem of fatigue deteriorating structures. The method aims to find an optimal strategy so that the total expected cost in the period between the present inspection and the next be minimum. The optimization is repeatedly carried out at every inspection. The sequential cost minimization is a sub-optimization method of inspection strategy. However, the strategies predicted by the method are close to the lifetime optimal one in most cases. Further, the optimization can be accomplished with realistic computational effort even for large system.In this paper, first of all, the content of the sequential cost minimization method is briefly reviewed, and the applicability of the method is examined for an actual member set consisting of structural elements with round fillet weld. Then, the influences of inevitable uncertain parameters on inspection planning are discussed.The uncertainties related to inspection planning can be classified into two categories : engineering uncertainty and economical/social uncertainty. With respect to the engineering uncertainty, it is further divided into two groups : reducible uncertainty and non-reducible uncertainty.For reducible uncertainty, initial uncertainty can be gradually reduced by updating the inspection results and/or service experiences. The Bayesian analysis is applied in conjunction with the sequential cost minimization method for a member set which has an uncertainty in the fatigue property of members. It is made clear that the "visual and conditional mechanical inspection method" and "sampling mechanical inspection method" become profitable when a large uncertainty exists in the fatigue life of members.For non-reducible uncertainty, initial uncertainty remains through the whole service of the structures. Two types of sensitivity analysis are carried out. First, giving a small change for individual parameters, the degrees of influence of each parameter on the inspection content, the cumulative operating cost and the failure probability are investigated. Second, sensitivity analysis is carried out by giving a large change for a single parameter. As a result, it is found that the optimization of inspection strategy itself has an effect to decrease the influence of this large uncertainty on the operating cost.


Wireless sensor network includes base station (sink) and battery operated sensor nodes. A sensor's energy is consumed to transmit data to the sink. Thus, a sensor's energy depletes with time. Energy consumption can be reduced by using the mobile sink which communicates between end user and sensor nodes. Mobile sink usage requires efficient reconstruction of routes from a sensor to the mobile sink. In proposed work Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is used as solution for reconstruction of routes. Idea of ACO is taken from real world ants which find optimal route from source to destination in search of food. Here, ACO Routing uses distance priority communication. This results in improving lifetime of network and minimum energy consumption. Results of proposed method are compared with Virtual Grid based scheme. Virtual grid based scheme routes to latest location of mobile sink with minimal overhead on network. It is one of the optimal solutions for the problem. In conclusion, ACO routing is found to be better than Virtual Grid based scheme.


In order to understand the agglomeration mechanism of seed precipitation process,the effect of cycle number of fine particles and agglomeration time on the agglomeration process was investigated with the fine aluminum hydroxide seed fabricated in laboratory.The particle size distribution of agglomerates was analyzed by laser particle size analyzer.The agglomeration mechanism was discussed based on the momentum conservation principle.The results show that the smallest size of particles to agglomerate is different under different experimental conditions.The agglomeration only happens between fine particles,and is prior for the smallest particles.The agglomeration begins from the smallest particles,and develops from small to big,until the critical diameter Dcrit is reached.The effective agglomeration can not happen when the difference in particle size is large.The agglomeration efficiency is influenced by the collision orientation of two particles when the collision happens between particles with similar particle size,and the best effect can be attained when the particles collide face to face.


This paper focuses on the disparity among subjects in West Siberia. The disparity has been generated by the deterioration of the industry in Kuznetsko-Altai Economic Sub-region and the outward orientation of natural recource extraction in West Siberia Economic Sub-region in 1990s. The blue-color recession not only accelerated the decline of employment in industry, but also restrained the expansion of service sector in Kuznetsko-Altai Economic Sub-region. Finally I consider the need of interdependence among subjects and revival of manufacturing as an alternative way to provide employment in West Siberia.


The content of tannins is the fourth amount just inferior to cellulose,hemicelluloses and lignin in plant vascular tissue.It is a significant portion of terrestrial biomass C.Its production is effected by many biotic and abiotic environmental factors,such as nutrient,water,CO2,light,temperature and environmental pollution.The relationship between tannins production and effect factors is reviewed.Finally,the development of the future work is briefly discussed.


The use of a finite number of image charges to solve electrostatic problems associated with two conducting spheres intersecting at an angle of π/n (n an integer) has been known for over a century. If, however, only spheres of equal radii are considered, it is possible to extend the permissible angles of intersection to 2π/n. This condition is discussed with reference to the evaluation of the axial dipole moment.


Private sector 24% NGO 21% Intergover nmental organisatio n 16% Academia 9% Sector Representation Mark Davis is an independent consultant specializing in pesticide management and sustainable agriculture. He worked for 17 years with FAO successively leading the field programme on obsolete pesticides, the Pesticide Management Unit, Climate Change Strategy and the Environmental and Social Risk Management Unit. Issue: 1 of 2022 Discussion date: 18 May 2022 DISCUSSION 1 DIGEST Topic of Discussion: The role and importance of national and regional Highly Hazardous Pesticides strategies INTRODUCTION


In order to entirely improve the quality of a required volleyball course, this research modifies the syllabus that focuses on the one majoring in PE. It also has teaching experiment on the old and new syllabuses at the same time. The result shows that the new one is better than the old one in the aspect of grasping the basic volleyball knowledge, improving the level of tactics, having the ability of teaching and training and organizing matches. With the enhancement of practice ability, the technique and course marks are also improved.


Objectives: Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is a congenital heart defect that is often found in children. Complication that can occur is infective endocarditis caused by bacteria that are often found in the oral cavity. Children with ToF are in a high risk of caries, especially in primary dentition. Preparation of the oral cavity must be done before the cardiac surgery. A proper examination and diagnosis of caries is required in determining the dental treatment to reduce the risk of infective endocarditis.
Case Report: A boy aged 4 years, weighing 20 kg came to the pediatric dentistry clinic in Surabaya on a referral from Kediri. The patient had ToF with high caries index and will undergo cardiac corrective surgery. Through a brief anamnesis, it was found that this patient's fingernails and lips easily turn blue (cyanosis) if the patient is in an anxious condition. The panoramic photo shows teeth 51, 52, 54, 61, 62, 74, 84 showing radiolucent images from the enamel to the pulp chamber.
Conclusion: Prophylactic antibiotics should be given to ToF patients before procedures involving the gingiva and pulp. Radiographs are needed to help establish the diagnosis and plan treatment. Proper oral and dental care must be taken to prevent the occurrence of infective endocarditis. Errors in determining the diagnosis can lead to errors in the treatment plan and increase the risk of infective endocarditis.


Objective:To systematically review the efficacy and safety between extracorporeal shock wave therapy and massage and physical therapy in treatment of tendon enthesiopathy.Methods:Based on the principles and methods of Cochrane systematic reviews,we searched MEDLINE,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,CBM,CNKI,VIP and WanFang database from inception to August 2012.We handsearched references and relevant journals.The risk of bias in the included RCTs were evaluated according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews.The Cochrane Collaboration's software RevMan5.0 was used for Meta-analysis.Results:Six RCTs involving 599 patients were identified,325 patients in treatment group and 274 patients in control group.The methodological quality of all the studies were low.Perceived pain was relieved and function was significantly improved in extracorporeal shock wave group than that in massage and physical therapy group.Side effects were not reported in both groups.Conclusion:There is no adequate evidence to confirm whether extracorporeal shock wave is superior to massage and physical therapy.Therefore,more large-sample,multicentre,high quality RCTs to confirm this conclusion are needed.


Method for the discontinuous production of (meth) acrylates of mixtures of alcohols of C10, by reaction of (meth) acrylic acid with an isomeric mixture of alcohols of C10 composed of 2-propylheptanol as major isomer and at least one of the alcohols C10 2-propyl-4-methylhexanol, 2-propyl-5-methylhexanol, 2-isopropilheptanol, 2-isopropyl-4-methylhexanol, 2-isopropyl-5-methylhexanol and / or 2-propyl-4, 4-dimethylpentanol, in the presence of the least one acid catalyst and at least one polymerization inhibitor and in the presence of a solvent which forms an azeotrope with water, the azeotrope is distilled and concentrated, in which case the condensate is divided into an aqueous phase and an organic, characterized in that ) the esterification is performed in a reactor with recirculation evaporator b) in the presence of a solvent, and c) that the crude product was then purified by distillation to purification.


Materials.-Acetone (Hopkin and Williams, AnalaR grade) was refluxed over anhydrous potassium carbonate for 6 hr. and then fractionated. The distillate waa then refluxed over phosphoric oxide for 6 hr. and then fractionated, the fraction boiling at 56.0-56.5" being collected in a flask protected from atmospheric moisture by phosphoric oxide and calcium chloride guard tubes. Dioxane and nit,robenzene were purified using the methods described by Vogel.13 Benzene ( AnalaR grade) was refluxed over sodium and then fractionated. Nitromethane was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and fractionated, Amines %ere dried over potassium hydroxide pellets, decanted from the solid and distilled from fresh potassium hydroxide pellets. Ethyl methylphosphonochloridate was prepared as described elsewhere .4 Determination of Reaction Rates.-A large, well insulated dewar vessel, containing water or aqueous acetone cooled with solid carbon dioxide was used as a constant temperature bath. The temperature was maintained within f 0 . 1 " for a t least 0.5 hr. The solution of the amine in the solvent was placed in a stoppered flask and precooled to the desired reaction temperature by placing the flask in the constant temperature bath. Reaction was started by introducing the phosphonochloridate


This study was carried out to assess the effect of Total Quality Management on Service Quality Delivery. A quantitative research approach was employed. The study area was the customer service channel at Kotoka International Airport in Accra. The population was employees and customers of GACL. 221 customers and 103 employees who met the selection criteria participated in the study. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation test, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used to present findings through Amos 8. According to the findings, TQM makes a significant positive effect on service quality. Out of the three domains of TQM, asset management and quality assurance make significant positive effect on service quality after controlling for the covariates, with a variance of 47.7% in the regression model. The study reveals that the level of service quality delivered at GACL is satisfactory, with Tangibles being the highest. It also suggests that the level of TQM is appreciably high. However, the level of service quality delivered did not lead to high Original Research Article Anafo and Appiah-Nimo; AJEBA, 8(3): 1-14, 2018; Article no.AJEBA.43945 2 satisfaction. This implies that, TQM has not been able to eliminate all bottlenecks in service delivery. The practical implication of this finding is that, service quality delivery can be improved by enhancing the effectiveness of asset management, quality assurance, and quality control and service quality dimensions. It provides a basis for improving service quality delivery in GACL and to leapfrog academic debate on the foregoing topic, particularly in terms of potential variables that may confound the relationship between TQM and service quality delivery.


MEGARA (Multi Espectrógrafo en GTC de Alta Resolución para Astronomía) is the future optical Integral-Field Unit (IFU) and Multi-Object Spectrograph (MOS) for the 10.4-m Gran Telescopio CANARIAS (GTC). MEGARA has three different fiber bundles, the Large Central Bundle covering 12.5 arcsec x 11.3 arcsec on sky, the Small Compact Bundle, of 8.5 arcsec x 6.7 arcsec, and a Fiber MOS positioner system that is able to place up to 100 mini-bundles with 7 fibers each in MOS configuration within a 3.5 arcmin x 3.5 arcmin FOV. The MEGARA focal plane subsystems are located at one of the GTC Folded Cassegrain focal stations. A field lens provides a telecentric focal plane, where the fibers are located. Micro-lenses arrays couple the telescope beam to the collimator focal ratio at the entrance of the fibers. Finally, the fibers, organized in bundles conducted the light from the focal plane to the pseudo-slit plates at the entrance of the MEGARA spectrograph, which shall be located at one of the Nasmyth platforms. This article also summarizes the prototypes already done and describes the set-up that shall be used to integrate fibers and micro-lens and characterize the fiber bundles.


54 M.Mijatović, S.Pilipović 0. Introduction One-time integrated and n-times integrated exponentially bounded semigroups (n-t.i.e.b.s., in short), n ∈ N, of operators on a Banach space introduced by Arendt, were developed in [1-2], [13-16], [19], [22], [29-30] and applied to abstract Cauchy problems with operators which do not generate C0-semigroups. More generally, α-times integrated semigroups α ∈ R+ ∪ {0} = [0,∞) are introduced and analyzed in [13-15] and in [21] in connection with certain classes of partial differential and pseudodifferential operators on Lp spaces. Distribution semigroups were introduced and analyzed by Lions (cf. [18] and after that in [5-11], [32] and many other papers. By results of Sova in [25], Arendt had proved in [2] that every exponentially bounded distribution semigroup is an n-th distributional derivative of an nt.i.e.b.s. with densely defined infinitesimal generator, where n is sufficiently large. The corresponding result for a distribution semigroup which is not exponentially bounded and which infinitesimal generator is not densely defined is proved in [35] and [17]. Local n-times integrated semigroups are introduced and analyzed in [3], [20], [23] and [28], where the relations with distribution semigroups were given. Wang and Kunstmann have introduced and analyzed in [35] and [17] a quasi-distribution semigroup, QDSG, in short; specially in the case when it is exponentially bounded, EQDSG. A G ∈ D′ +(L(E)) (the notation is given in the next section) is a QDSG if and only if G is a distributional derivative of order n of an n.t.i.e.b.s. We call it a 0-distribution semigroup; in the case when it is exponentially bounded, we denote it by 0-EDSG. C0-semigroup is among them. We will investigate 0-EDSG having not densely defined infinitesimal generators. Lions has studied in [18] distribution semigroups with densely defined generators using the structural properties and advantages of the space of tempered distributions. Wang has developed his own approach by constructing a space of generalized functions. The natural frame for such investigations is the space of exponentially bounded distributions K′ 1 ([12]). We analyze 0-EDSG using this space. Let us present the results of the paper. An infinitesimal generator A of an n-t.i.e.b.s. is the generator of a 0-EDSG and conversely, where n is sufficiently large. If A is densely defined, then a 0-EDSG is an exponentially bounded distribution semigroup, EDSG in short (cf. [18], Definition 6.1). The composition law for a 0-EDSG is given by 〈S(t + s, x), φ(t, s)〉 = 〈S(t, S(s, x)), φ(t, s)〉, A class of exponentially bounded distribution semigroups 55 φ ∈ K1(R), suppφ ⊂ [0,∞)× [0,∞). If S = G′ where G is strongly continuous and supported by [0,∞), then the above condition is sufficient for S being an 0-EDSG. Relations between a 0-EDSG and its infinitesimal generator are determined. They are not the same as in the case of an n-t.i.e.b.s. It is known that when an operator A generates an n-t.i.e.b.s. on a Banach space E, then there exists a Banach space E1 ⊂ D(An) continuously imbedded in E such that the part of A in E1 is the generator of a strongly continuous semigroup (cf. [4]). In this paper a Banach space E0 ⊂ E is constructed such that a 0-EDSG in E has the restriction on E0 forming an EDSG. In example 1 the results are applied to equation u′ = Au + f, where E = Cb(R) or E = L∞(R),


Observations of the optical emissions from the space shuttle's thrusters have been examined. Particular attention has been paid to the interaction of the thruster plume with the atmosphere. Emissions from CN, CH, C2, HNO, and NO2 have been observed near the nozzle of the thruster in the vacuum core region of the plume, but these emissions are the direct result of the combustion process. Other emissions including OI and NH have been observed in the downstream region of the plume, where the plume effluents interact with the atmosphere. The NH emission is one of the most dominant UV/visible wavelength emissions observed in the plumes. This emission was observed to extend several thousand meters from the shuttle, and detailed analysis shows that the total intensity of the emission depends on the ram angle (angle in the shuttle reference frame between the plume effluents and the ramming atmosphere) and altitude, indicating an interaction process with the atmosphere. Data from two observational experiments are presented. The Air Force Maui Optical Site (AMOS) experiment includes ground-based spectral and spatial measurements of the shuttle plumes as the thrusters were fired over the AMOS site on top of Haliakala Volcano on the island of Maui in the mid-Pacific. The GLO experiment was flown in the payload bay of the space shuttle and also includes spectral and spatial measurements of the shuttle plumes. During both of these experiments, the primary reaction control system (PRCS) engines (870 lb (394 kgf) thrust) and Vernier reaction control system (VRCS) engines (25 lb (11 kgf) thrust) were fired at various angles relative to the ram, thus providing a range of collision velocities (4.5–11 km/s) between the thruster plume and the atmosphere. In this report the dependence of the NH emission on ram angle, thruster size, and distance from the shuttle is presented and analyzed using a three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation of the plume-atmosphere interactions called spacecraft/orbiter contamination representation accounting for transiently emitted species (SOCRATES). The chemical reactions deemed most likely involve collisions of the plume products HNC, HNCO, and CH2NH with atmospheric O, and all of these processes are examined. The ram-angle dependence is used to determine a threshold energy required for the reaction that leads to the NH emission and to conclude that the most likely reaction involves CH2NH collisions with O.


Among the medieval hagiographical writings derived from the British Isles none enjoyed greater popularity throughout the Middle Ages than the Navigatio Sancti Brendani Abbatis (= NB).l This celebrated prose work, a typical product of the Othonian period, has come down to us in more than a hundred MSS in various versions. It embodies the adventurous sea-story of the Irish Abbot St. Brendan, one of the great sixth-century founders of monasteries. In structure, the NB consists actually of three parts: a brief introduction comments on St. Brendan's descent, youth, ascetic life, and early monastic foundations; the main body reports some twenty-six adventures which he and his fourteen companions encountered in their search for the terra repromissionis or paradisum terrestre, the tir tairgirne of the


This paper presents a teaching method for a possible computer architect by using a simple DCT project for an undergraduate-level computer architecture course. The goal of the project is to let students (two or three students per team) understand the concept of computer hardware and how to design a simple RISC-type 32-bit Instruction Set Architecture (ISA). The project consists of three different tasks: 1) D (Design) - Designing a processor at the abstract level; 2) C (Code) - Writing a simulation program for the ISA; and 3) T (Test) - Running a test program to verify each function of computer hardware. For the first task, students are required to design their own instruction sets, datapath, and control unit. For the second task, they write a simulation program by using a high-level language such as C/C++ or VHDL/Verilog based on the directions provided, and then they run a test program with the simulator to produce the results. The project has worked well for students since they responded favorably to the project and indicated that they learned the concepts of computer hardware and how to design computer architecture as a professional engineer.


The study aims to identify the supply chain management and its impact on customer service, as well as indicating the role of supply chain management in improving sales and identifying the views of managers working in the corporate about supply chain management. The purpose of the study is to reach at a true understanding of the elements of supply chain management' effect in companies represented by their relations with their suppliers, dealers and customers, on standards related to customer service in terms of quality of service. This study is based on extrapolation and diagnosis of the current situation of supply chain management, the analysis and assessment of its responsiveness to the requirements of the surrounding environment, and raising the efficiency of its management and its achievement of different purposes, primarily in improving sales management and customer service in the company. Therefore, this study is gaining importance by supporting studies, theoretical and applied research in the field of supply chain management on the company's performance to improve sales management and customer service, offering these companies the right notes and evaluation, which help them to perform their important role in achieving comprehensive development. And also this study deals with a commercial- industrial sector, and thus comes as a contribution to the definition of the importance of this sector as an essential and important factor, and it Provides information and data about the reality of supply chain management and its impact on improving sales and customer service. Most of the studies in this field focused on the general framework of the supply chain and on identifying its elements and technical aspects, while the current paper describes the aspect related to the management of supply chain and its impact on sales management and customer service, from the point of view of managers in senior positions and customers, this study is considering an important aspect, it is seen as a serious contribution in achieving a scientific addition in this area, and the study is one of the latest studies in this area in Lebanon, and gives it added comprehensiveness and a liability to diffuse. Most of the studies that have been made were conducted in different sectors, while this study was conducted on a commercial- industrial level, considered the most used for supply chain.


A new research facility including an accelerator complex to provide all heavy ions up to uranium has been proposed at the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research. A separated-sector cyclotron (SSC) with K=620 MeV is being designed as a booster accelerator for a variable-frequency heavy-ion linac now under construction. For the injection of relatively light ions up to neon into the above SSC, the existing ordinary cyclotron will be converted into an AVF machine with K=90 MeV to be used as another preaccelerator. The maximum beam energy provided by this accelerator system will range from 120 MeV/u for fully stripped ions to 15 MeV/u for very heavy ions such as uranium. Acceleration of light particles like deuterons and ¿ particles is also possible. The basic design and some model studies of the proposed machine are described.


Many control strategies based on instantaneous power theory are presented to control active filters but instantaneous power theory based active filters can not compensate current harmonics properly under unbalanced grid voltages. In this paper, in order to use this theory under unbalanced voltages condition, a new control strategy based on positive sinusoidal signal regulator (PSSR) is proposed that leads to proper compensation under unbalanced grid voltages. First instantaneous power theory (p-q theory) and the reason of its improper operation under unbalanced voltages are discussed. Then the proposed control strategy is given with mathematical analysis. Finally, the simulation results, which carried out via PSCAD/EMTDC software, are given for balanced and unbalanced grid voltages conditions.


It has recently been shown [W. Rudnicki, Phys. Lett. A 224, 45–50 (1996)] that a generic gravitational collapse cannot result in a naked singularity accompanied by closed timelike curves. An important role in this result plays the so-called inextendibility condition, which is required to hold for certain incomplete null geodesics. In this paper, a theorem is proved that establishes some relations between the inextendibility condition and the rate of growth of the Ricci curvature along incomplete null geodesics. This theorem shows that the inextendibility condition may hold for a much more general class of singularities than only those of the strong curvature type. It is also argued that some earlier cosmic censorship results obtained for strong curvature singularities can be extended to singularities corresponding to the inextendibility condition.


This work explores how people use visual feedback when performing simple reach-to-grasp movements in a tabletop virtual environment. In particular we investigated whether visual feedback is required for the entire reach or whether minimal feedback can be effectively used. Twelve participants performed reach-to-grasp movements toward targets at two locations. Visual feedback about the index finger and thumb was provided in four conditions: vision available throughout the movement, vision available up to peak wrist velocity, vision available until movement initiation, or vision absent throughout the movement. It was hypothesized that vision available until movement onset would be an advantage over a no vision situation yet not attain the performance observed when vision was available up to peak velocity. Results indicated that movement time was longest in the no vision condition but similar for the three conditions where vision was available. However, deceleration time and peak aperture measures suggest grasping is more difficult when vision is not available for at least the first third of the movement. These results suggest that designers of virtual environments can manipulate the availability of visual feedback of one's hand without compromising interactivity. This may be applied, for example, when detailed rendering of other aspects of the environmental layout is more important, when motion lag is a problem or when hand/object concealment is an issue.


Objective
To translate the English version of the Depression Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (DCSES) into Chinese and test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of DCSES in patients with depression.

Methods
Totally 264 patients with depression were recruited and were investigated by the Chinese version of DCSES.

Results
The total internal consistency coefficient of the Chinese version of DCSES was 0.926, while each dimension were 0.930, 0.908, 0.921, 0.945; split half reliability coefficient was 0.865; the test-retest was 0.752, while each dimension were 0.801, 0.718, 0.729, 0.745, 0.766 (P<0.01); the item-scale correlation ranged from 0.603 to 0.748(P<0.01). Factor analysis got five factors, which explained 58.617% of the total variance. All factor loadings, ranging from 0.447 to 0.762, were statistically significant in the five-factor model and greater than 0.4.

Conclusions
The Chinese version of DCSES has been proved to be reliable and valid. It can be used as a valid tool for the measurement of the coping self-efficacy in patients with depression.

Key words:
Depression; Coping self-efficacy; Reliability; Validity


The effect of self-weight and vertical ground acceleration during earthquakes on vertical cantilevers has been studied. The input is taken to be a bivariate normal random process, digitally simulated on a computer. The tip deflection, base moment and shear force have been obtained numerically for three structures of different natural frequencies. It is found that the presence of self-weight and vertical ground excitation could alter these three quantities considerably. This leads to the conclusion that with tall structures a refined analysis, similar to the one presented here, is advisable.


Columns packed with commercial glass beads of 5 and 19 microns average diameter and binary mixtures with finest fraction of 5 micron (30 % volume fraction of the mixture) were used to analyse starch by hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC). Experiments were carried out at 3 and 15 oC. The observed resolution increased with the application of binary packing as compared with single-size packing. The best results were obtained at starch's amylopectin and amylose separation with a glass beads mixture (5 + 19 micron) at 3oC. In what concerns amylopectin and amylose separation, a lower pressure drop were obtained for the mixed binary packing when compared with the packing containing uniform 5 micron glass beads. For the Hylon VII starch RRT were 0.777 and 0.964 for amylopectin (AP) and amylose (AM), respectively, while for the Tapioca starch the obtained RRTs were 0.799 and 0.923. Application of unbound glass beads as column packing might reduce equipment and running costs in preparative scale separations.


Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the key determinant for survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The skill and ability of the rescuer to perform quality CPR are important to assure the success or failure of survival. This study aims to explore the differences and factors that affect performance of CPR skills, by taking into account demographic variations between the Health Care Professionals (HCP) and laypersons. A total of 144 responders were interviewed using a self-administered questionnaire and a skill evaluation checklist by two qualified instructors. HCP and laypersons groups
report comparable skill retention in CPR but HCP shows better basic life support (BLS) knowledge. Results suggest female HCP has better BLS knowledge compared to male
HCP and time length after first BLS course contributes to significant difference in BLS knowledge among laypersons. Laypersons who had attended refresher course have better CPR skill rentention compared to those who had not.


In Ticino, the Italian speaking canton of Switzerland, in past years a reform of the secondary school
system has been implemented.
This reform originates from some preliminary reflection started during the '90ies. During the academic
year 2004/2005 started the first visible transformation in school. Using a multi-focus research design a
study on this process of change has been conducted during the years 2006 - 2012. This project has
several aims: define a theoretical framework to study future innovations; give some feedback to
stakeholders; implement a monitoring process.
Different sources of information have been used: public documents; interviews to stakeholders; four case
studies and data from a questionnaire administered to the teachers. This paper is mainly devoted to
explore the theoretical implication and to make a general reflection on evaluation and monitoring
processes.
This research process has been used to reflect on the different role of researchers in evaluation and
monitoring processes. The data collected make possible to validate and up-date the initial theoretical
framework based mainly on the work of Fullan (1993, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003) and Huberman &
Miles (1984), to demonstrate that in an organizational change the energy spent in the consolidation phase
need to be proportional to the depth of the changes.


Market integration seems to induce gender‐specific generational change in health‐related perceptions of body size. We predicted that among the Qom of Argentina, younger women would perceive comparatively thinner bodies as healthiest, demonstrating thin‐idealizing body norms, and older women would retain culturally rooted perceptions of heavier bodies as healthiest. As traditional and globalized body size ideals are different for men, we predicted that men would perceive normal bodies as healthiest and would not exhibit generational differences.


Mixtures of latexes and aqueous solutions of CaCl2, NaCl and KCl have been characterized by dielectric spectrometry in the microwave domain (at 5 GHz and at room temperature). The interpretation of the data was based on the concept of mixture laws applied for low concentrations of latex (< 10% in weight) and salt (concentration < 1 mol.1−1). The additivity of dielectric properties was in good agreement with that predicted using classical mixture laws.


Here we analyze the Hawking radiation detected by an inertial observer in an arbitrary position in a Reissner-Nordstr\"om spacetime, with special emphasis on the asymptotic behavior of the Hawking spectrum as an observer approaches the inner or outer horizon. Two different methods are used to analyze the Hawking flux: first, we calculate an effective temperature quantifying the rate of exponential redshift experienced by an observer from an emitter's vacuum modes, which reproduces the Hawking effect provided the redshift is sufficiently adiabatic. Second, we compute the full Bogoliubov graybody spectrum observed in the three regimes where the wave equation can be solved analytically (at infinity and at the outer and inner horizons). We find that for an observer at the event horizon, the effective Hawking temperature is finite and becomes negative when $(Q/M)^2>8/9$, while at the inner horizon, the effective temperature is always negative and infinite in every direction the observer looks, coinciding with an ultraviolet-divergent spectrum.


Welcome to another edition of E-Resource Round Up! This issue's column covers an array of information on libraries and electronic resources, including an announcement about the USMAI Library Consor...


ABSTRACT. Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a brain malformation characterized by incomplete cleavage of the cerebral hemispheres and deep brain structures. Epilepsy is a common problem in children with HPE and a vast majority will have abnormal EEGs. A variety of EEG findings, including spike-and-slow-wave complexes, hypsarrhythmia, isoelectric patterns, periodic discharges, fast anterior rhythms, posterior gradient flattening, asynchronous high amplitude rhythmic activity, and paroxysmal hypersynchronous patterns, are reported in the literature. About half of the children with HPE evaluated at Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children have epilepsy. These children have various seizure types; however, there are some consistent EEG findings such as hypersynchronous theta during sleep, hypersynchronous theta while awake, hypersynchronous beta during sleep, and episodic attenuation of cerebral activity, in addition to a spectrum of epileptiform discharges. This article is a review of the clinical and neuroimaging features of HPE and includes discussion of what is known about EEG findings in the disorder.


We shed light on the connections between different approaches to constraint satisfaction by showing that the main consistency concepts used to derive tractability results for constraint satisfaction are intimately related to certain combinatorial pebble games, called the existential -pebble games, that were originally introduced in the context of Datalog. The crucial insight relating pebble games to constraint satisfaction is that the key concept of strong -consistency is equivalent to a condition on winning strategies for the Duplicator player in the existential -pebble game. We use this insight to show that strong -consistency can be established if and only if the Duplicator wins the existential -pebble game. Moreover, whenever strong -consistency can be established, one method for doing this is to first compute the largest winning strategy for the Duplicator in the existential -pebble game and then modify the original problem by augmenting it with the constraints expressed by the largest winning strategy. This basic result makes it possible to establish deeper connections between pebble games, consistency properties, and tractability of constraint satisfaction. In particular, we use existential -pebble games to introduce the concept of -locality and show that it constitutes a new tractable case of constraint satisfaction that properly extends the well known case in which establishing strong -consistency implies global consistency.


This experiment was carried out to find out proper planting density and sub-irrigation cycle that can enhanced ornamental worth and marketability on flowerpot cultivation of Sedum kamtschaticum. It was treated 3 replications of randomized complete block design to 5, 7, 10cm of pot sizes and every day, 3 and 5 day of sub-irrigation interval. Bottom irrigation was pull out after watering for 10 minutes on ten o'clock from June to October in greenhouse. It was investigated to growth characteristics at intervals of twenty day after planting. On the pot size and irrigation interval of Sedum kamtschaticum cultivation, It was appeared to good growth at 7 to 10cm pot sizes and 3 to 5day irrigation intervals on Sedum kamtschaticum.


Molten Si was allowed to solidify isothermally at initial bulk undercoolings ΔT from 5.7 to 157 K. It was found that in addition to the 〈211〉 twin dendrites two novel dendrites were found: the 〈110〉 twin and the 〈100〉 twin free dendrite. The 〈110〉 twin dendrite has multiple twin planes, and the orientation of the twin plane is {111}. These different dendrites exist at different initial bulk undercoolings, and the dendritic transition temperatures for 〈110〉 to 〈211〉 and 〈211〉 to 〈100〉 are ΔT=22 and 68 K, respectively. The dendritic transitions for 〈110〉 to 〈211〉 and 〈211〉 to 〈100〉 are edgewise to edgewise and edgewise to continuous normal growth, respectively.


Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation (IAB has been shown to prolong survival in the critically ill cardiac pa- tients. Originally developed for use in the patients with cardiogenic shock, the indications have been expanded. But despite technical advances, the complication rate associated with IAB remains high. The most commonly reported complications include damage to the femoral artery and distal embolization. Other reported major com- plications are balloon rupture, limb loss, bleeding, systemic infection and bowel infarction. We report a patient complicated by ischemic colitis causing stenosis and intestinal obstruction after IAB insertion. (Korean Circula- tion J 1999;29(12 :1373-1377


Objective:To investigate the effect of nerve rehabilitation reconstruction therapy on lower extremities motor function in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy(CP) . Method:Twenty-four spastic diplegic CP children were randomly divided into treatment group and control group with 12 cases in each group.All children were treated with Bobath technique,tuina and cerebral circulation therapy,while those of treatment group were added electromyographic biofeedback therapy combined with EMG-electrical stimulation by nerve rehabilitation reconstruction instrument.The modified Ashworth scale was performed to evaluate the muscle tone of lower limbs,and other clinical evaluations were performed to assess the range of passive motion with orthrometer and the motor function with gross motor function measure(GMFM) . Result:The lower extremities function of all children in two groups improved in different extent(P0.01—0.001) and the effect of treatment group was superior to that of control group(P0.05—0.01) . Conclusion:The nerve rehabilitation reconstruction therapy consisted of electromyographic biofeedback therapy combined with EMG-electrical stimulation in the treatment for children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy can decrease the muscle tone and improve the range of passive motion,as well as the motor function of lower extremities.


Axle load transfer of C_0-C_0 locomotive with wheel-set quill and motor suspended on frame or wheel-set will be studied and calculated.The calculation result shows that the adhesion weight usage of locomotive with traction motor suspended on frame is better than one with traction motor suspended on wheel-set while other structure being same.The difference in effect of motor preposition or postposition on axle weight transfer suspended on frame is not obvious.


The results of the three-year research on growing seed potato are presented. The research showed that different combinations of chelated fertilizers with microelements, amino acids and sticking agent increased the number of mini tubers of Meteor, Udacha, Red Scarlette, Bryansky delikates and Krasavchik varieties (10.2-56.2 pcs/m 2 ) in comparison with the control. The increased number (30.4-56.2 pcs/m 2 ) of mini tubers of the mentioned varieties was observed after the application of Izagri Phosphorus (0.5 ml/m 2 ) - into the soil before seeding the plants, Izagri Phosphorus (0.3 ml/m 2 ) - during the bud-formation period, Isagri Potassium (0.3 ml/m 2 ) - during the accumulation. Less significant yield (except for Krasavchik variety) was observed after the application of Isagri Phosphorus (0.3 ml/m 2 ) - during the bud-formation period, Isagri Potassium (0.3 ml/m 2 ) - during the accumulation. The application of liquid chelated fertilizers increased the output of 7-60 mm mini tubers. In comparison with the control an increase in the output of mini tubers of Meteor, Udacha, Red Scarlette, Bryansky delikates and Krasavchik varieties was 5.4-50.6 psc/m 2 depending on the test variant. The output of mini tubers per bush showed the similar regularity. An increase in the number of mini tubers after the application of chelated fertilizers was 0.2-2.8 pcs/bush in comparison with the control. The application of liquid chelated fertilizers increased the mass output of 7-60 mm mini tubers. The weight of one tuber of Udacha variety increased by 2.9-6.9 g depending on the test variant. The other varieties showed a decrease in the weight of one tuber. Thus to increase the potato yield, output of 7-60 mm tubers, it is reasonable to use different combinations of Isagri Phosphorus (0.5 ml/m 2 ) - into the soil before seeding, spraying with Isagri Phosphorus (0.3 ml/m 2 ) - during the budformation period and Isagri Potassium (0.3 ml/m 2 ) - during the accumulation.


Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, despite the promising developments in terms of the curing and management of certain cancer types that have occurred over the last decades saving and prolonging the lives of numerous patients [...].


Since the events of 9/11, Salafism in the Middle East has often been perceived as fixed, rigid and even violent, but this assumption overlooks the quietist ideology that characterises many Salafi movements. Through an exploration of Salafism in Jordan, Joas Wagemakers presents the diversity among quietist Salafis on a range of ideological and political issues, particularly their relationship with the state. He expounds a detailed analysis of Salafism as a whole, whilst also showing how and why quietist Salafism in Jordan – through ideological tendencies, foreign developments, internal conflicts, regime-involvement, theological challenges and regional turmoil – transformed from an independent movement into a politically domesticated one. Essential for graduate students and academic researchers interested in Middle Eastern politics and Salafism, this major contribution to the study of Salafism debunks stereotypes and offers insight into the development of a trend that still remains a mystery to many.


Introduction: The triad of symptoms: dyspnea, cough and wheezing directs the clinician to the diagnosis of asthma. The same set of symptoms can be observed in a wide range of other disease entities. Case report: Authors report the case of a 65 years old female with dyspnea, wheezing and cough over the last 6 months. Physical exam, aside from bilateral wheezing, was normal. Chest X-ray revealed bilateral increased interstitial markings. Pulmonary function testing showed obstructive syndrome with positive bronchodilator test. Asthma diagnosis was ascertained and treatment was started with inhaled budesonide/formoterol. At three month follow-up, the patient was still referring daily respiratory symptoms. Chest computed tomography revealed an endobronchial mass at the entrance of the left main bronchus near the carina, confirmed by fiberoptic bronchoscopic. Biopsy of this lesion showed an adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Discussion: ACC is a variant of adenocarcinoma with rare pulmonary occurrence, probably originated from tracheobronchial mucosa. Symptoms usually include dyspnoea with wheezing and cough, leading to the equivocal diagnosis of asthma. The preferred therapeutic option is surgical resection. Lesions have slow growth and infiltrative behavior, with frequent local recurrence. Nevertheless, prognosis is good.


Contraceptives are considered to be the key to solving poverty problems by controlling women's reproductive systems. In campaigning for poverty solutions, women's bodies are presented in the Please Help Me: Contraceptive Pills meme through a representation system. Representation is closely related to the use of stereotypes which are subjective and prejudiced labeling. The first discussion is about how women's cultural identity is represented in the sign relation of a Please Help Me: Contraceptive Pills meme and what ideological practices that works behind the meme. This paper aims to analyze the representation system of women's cultural identity in a meme, Please Help Me: Contraceptive Pills. In addition, this paper seeks to show the pervasive discrimination through sign relations. This qualitative research uses the semiotic method in interpreting signs in memes. The results of this analysis state that the practice of the representation system has limited the flow of meaning so that in this meme there is an imbalanced represention of women's cultural identity and that the responsibility for procreation is only a woman's concerns.


Objective To learn the effects of long-term exposure of styrene,benzene,methylbenzene and dimethylbenzene at low concentrations on the semen quality of the exposed male workers in an ethylene factory of a petrification enterprise. Methods Fifty-three male workers directly exposed to styrene,benzene,methylbenzene,and dimethylbenzene in the ethylene factory of a petrochemical enterprise were assigned to the exposed group,while 61 male workers from a harbor enterprise who were not exposed to contaminants of benzene series were assigned to the control group.The concentrations of styrene,benzene,methylbenzene and dimethylbenzene in the working environment and the workers' sera were detected,and their effects on the quality,DNA damage and oxidative stress of the semen of the male workers were assessed. Results Styrene,benzene,methylbenzene and dimethylbenzene were identified as the main pollutants of the ethylene factory of the petrification enterprise.They were present at low concentrations(0.68~3.99mg/m3)in the working environment and were detected in some of the workers in the exposed group but not in the controls.Compared with the control group,the proportion of the workers with abnormal semen liquefaction time(30min)and the average seminal plasma 8-OHdG level were significantly higher in the exposed group(P0.05),and the sperm survival rate,motility and sperm DNA head/tail percentage in the exposed group were statistically lower(P0.05).Linear correlations were found between concentrations of styrene,benzene,methylbenzene,dimethylbenzene and semen liquefaction time,sperm motility and seminal plasma 8-OHdG level,with correlation coefficients of 0.82~0.94(all P0.05). ConclusionsLong-term exposure of styrene,benzene,methylbenzene and dimethylbenzene at low concentrations in the working environment may impair the semen quality of the male workers.


We present a new test for the "continuous martingale hypothesis". That is, a test for the hypothesis that observed data are from a process which is a continuous local martingale. The basis of the test is an embedded random walk at first passage times, obtained from the well-known representation of a continuous local martingale as a continuous time-change of Brownian motion. With a variety of simulated diffusion processes our new test shows higher power than existing tests using either the crossing tree or the quadratic variation, including the situation where non-negligible drift is present. The power of the test in the presence of jumps is also explored with a variety of simulated jump diffusion processes. The test is also applied to two sequences of high-frequency foreign exchange trade-by-trade data. In both cases the continuous martingale hypothesis is rejected at times less than hourly and we identify significant dependence in price movements at these small scales.


Any resemblance to psychological research is not accidental since scientific behaviourism and psychometrics are often used in support of such a paradigm. Despite swings away from the theoretical notions inherent in these psychological standpoints, in practice much published psychological research still seems to embrace values consistent with the quantitative model. This is not the place to debate the relative merits of quantitative versus qualitative approaches to research indeed, as Rist points out, if the complexities of research approaches are reduced to simple polarities we are in danger of producing 'methodological provincialism'. Nevertheless, currently there exists a schism of values between researchers which relates to the quantitative-qualitative dichotomy and is often rooted in the positivism-idealism debate of the late nineteenth century. The diagrams in Appendix A draw attention to distinctive constellations of key ideas inherent in the two approaches. The approaches have been expanded in e.g. Rist (1977), Eisner (1981), Terhart (1982), Pope, Watts & Gilbert (1983) although various labels have been used to categorise the dichotomy. 153


The utility model relates to a double-airbag pneumatic sampling pump, which is characterized in that two water-storing cavities and two air inlet bags are arranged in the pump body. A clapboard longitudinally arranged in the pump body partitions the pump body into the two water-storing cavities, wherein, lower check ball valves and upper check ball valves are respectively arranged on lower and upper ends in the two water-storing cavities, in which the two air inlet bags are arranged, and the upper ends of the two air inlet bags are respectively connected with air inlet pipes. When the utility model is used, after the bulk of the two air inlet bags in the pipe of the pump body is inflated or deflated by alternate charging, the bulk of the two water-storing cavities is inflated or deflated as well, and under the alternate function of a unidirectional check valve, the water in the two water-storing cavities is alternately and continuously discharged out of the pump. Meeting the using requirements of spots, the utility model has the advantages of high working efficiency, large sampling water flow, long service life, simple structure and convenient maintenance.


Linguistic Environment as a Determinant of English Countability Eveline Yi-ting Tang National Taiwan Normal University Abstract Chinese and English belong to different language families (Sino-Tibetan and Indo-European) and have structural differences. Furthermore, typical explanations for countability either in grammar books or from language teachers cannot reflect the deviations students confront outside the classroom. Chinese students sometimes find the English concept of countability hard to grasp. This paper investigated viewpoints on English countability by reviewing antecedent studies. Certain issues were highlighted for a thorough examination on the determinant factors in English plurality. What was surveyed was the treatment of English countability and plurality in some widely-used grammar books on the market. Finally, pedagogical implications were drawn. This study is expected to shed light on the TESOL field where there is a scant number of effective instructional strategies in this area.


By using the traditional long-term retrospective analysis of fertilization technology,and to explore the use of soil testing formula,the new technology,to increase food crops efficiency,and the application on the 26666.7 hm2 farmland in the county were introduced in the paper.


Thermal entanglement of a two-qubit Heisenberg XXZ chain in the presence of different Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) anisotropic antisymmetric interactions and entanglement teleportation using two independent Heisenberg chains as quantum channel are investigated. It is found that the anisotropic coupling coefficient Jz (z-component exchange constant) and DM interactions can excite the entanglement, and x-component DM interaction Dx has a more remarkable influence than the z-axis DM interaction Dz for exchange constant J > 0 (antiferromagnetic) case, which is contrary to coupling coefficient J 0 case and ferromagnetic J 0 case. But for J < 0 case, the Dx interaction is better, and the output concurrence and fidelit...


The tribotechnical, heat-resistance and repair-reduction properties of lubricants based on oxidized oils with a geofiller are considered. The composition providing the best tribotechnical properties is determined.
Keywords: oxidized oil, serpentinite, wear resistance, heat resistance, adhesive strength.
firstname.lastname@example.com


Purpose
This study aims to examine Taiwanese hospitality students' self-reported professional competence in surplus food management and assess the usefulness of their university training in this area. Using the importance-performance analysis (IPA) method, it is possible to obtain a clearer understanding of the priority order of the items that require improvement and to identify which surplus food management competence items should be strengthened in the school curriculum and which items should be enhanced by the students.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used the questionnaire survey method. It evaluated seven dimensions covering 29 items related to surplus food management competencies of the kitchen staff. The evaluation was done using IPA to determine the relationship between professional competence (performance level) and courses provided (importance level). The factor coordinates were completed according to the means of personal qualifications and courses provided.

Findings
According to students' self-assessment, the dimensions of "Personal moral attitude," "Food handling attitude," "Education and training attitude" and "Culinary knowledge" were located in the "Keep up the good work" quadrant, meaning that the students think that their surplus food management competence is relatively high and the courses provided are sufficient. Thus, these items have better performance at the present and they hope to maintain the status. However, "Menu analysis" and "Sanitation knowledge" were found to have low importance and low level of performance. Therefore, these two dimensions require attention in the course design and educational training.

Research limitations/implications
The questionnaire responses were self-reported; this study assumed that all participants answered honestly. Future studies may include additional factors in the analysis, such as hospitality management, culinary skills, internship experience and work time that may affect the perceptions of students. Moreover, professional chefs could be surveyed to determine their professional competence and training needs.

Originality/value
The professional training that students receive determines, to a large extent, their performance in their jobs and the resulting stability of their employment. Therefore, improved competence gained through good-quality training can help students meet the demands of the hospitality industry.


There has been a substantial increase in research on concussion among athletes in the past decade as reflected in a striking increase in the number of publications on the topic [4]. Two consensus conferences have added substantially to the definitions of concussion and the return to activity decisions that plague clinicians. The first of these conferences was held in Vienna and provided incentive for researchers by concluding that there was insufficient research to establish evidencebased guidelines for return to activity [1]. The second conference, held in Prague, offered new definitions of concussion and a more precise description of how to return athletes to activity [2]. The Prague group described two types of concussion: those that resolve within 7 to 10 days of injury ("simple concussions") and those that cause persistent symptoms ("complex concussions"). Complex concussions are consistent with what is generally described as post concussion syndrome (PCS) [5]. The Prague group emphasized the safety of athletes and others involved in high risk activity, citing evidence that a second concussion before the first concussion is resolved creates risk of much more serious consequences. They provided a detailed description of a stepwise return to activity guidelines. First, symptomatic individuals must have complete rest until asymptomatic. Once asymptomatic, they may proceed to light aerobic exercise, followed by sport specific exercise, noncontact sport specific exercise, and finally full contact sport specific exercise. The Prague group also provided some controversial comments on neuropsychological testing of individuals with concussion. They suggested that neuropsychological testing should not be done while the athlete is symptomatic because the test results will not add to the decision making process. Further, they suggested that neuropsychological results should not be the sole basis of return to activity decision making but rather serve as an aid to what is predominantly a clinical decision. The increase in published research on concussion has been aided in a substantial manner by the development of brief computerized neuropsychological tests that are generally administered before the athletic season to establish a baseline of cognitive performance, and after concussion to determine the athlete's performance against baseline. For a review of available computerized tests, see a recent paper by Randolph and colleagues [3]. This review, like the Prague consensus conference, raises important questions about the use of neuropsychological tests in determining cognitive dysfunction following concussion. The authors [3] suggest that there is insufficient information on the reliability of the currently available tests to make decisions about the readiness of individuals to return to activity and the use of such tests is recommended with a great deal of caution. Segalowitz et al., in this issue, provide an independent evaluation of one of the computerized tests used with athletes (called ANAM) and found the test to be adequate in reliability. Fazio and colleagues describe the use of ImPACT, another computerized test of neuropsychological functioning that is commonly used with high school and collegiate athletes. Fazio et al. compared symptomatic and asymptomatic athletes and found both groups had measurable declines in performance from baseline when compared with a non-concussed control group. The study highlights the value of neuropsychological testing in the diagnosis of simple concussions. Brooks offers a clinical picture of the use of ImPACT at baseline and following concussion by describing two cases that illustrate the value of objective information on cognitive performance following concussion. Brooks describes one athlete that reported post concussion symptoms but was regarded as having psychological issues rather than concussion. Results of neuropsychological testing (using ImPACT) supported the athlete's description of symptoms. The second case reported by Brooks reinforces the findings of the Fazio et al. study, demon-


Efficiently targeting excellent drug slow release, and to provide a low-molecular-weight drug-containing nanoparticles to reduce side effects by reducing the liver accumulation, metal small molecule drugs with a negatively charged group ion hydrophobized by which poly L- lactic acid or poly (L- lactic acid / glycolic acid) copolymers, and poly DL- or L- lactic acid - polyethylene glycol block copolymer or poly (DL- or L- lactic acid / glycolic acid) - which is a low molecular drug-containing nanoparticles having a negatively charged group obtained by acting with polyethylene glycol block copolymer.


Dissolution and precipitation behaviors of complex carbonitrides in austenite of a V-Nb microalloyed steel were quantitatively examined through electrical resistivity measurement and transmission electron microscopy. The electrical resistivity increased with solution treatment temperature up to 1240℃ and then was saturated at 225 nΩm for a holding time of 10 min. The electrical resistivity method was also used to quantitatively measure the isothermal precipitation kinetics of the complex carbonitrides in austenite. Nb- rich precipitates were observed in austenite at the early stages of precipitation, but Nb was replaced by V up to the equilibrium amount within the precipitates with further holding time. The time-temperature- precipitation diagram showed a C-type curve; nose temperature and its incubation time were 900℃ and 100 s, respectively. (Received June 29, 2011)


To find the optimal simple sequence repeats(SSR) system for Betula luminifera,the cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB) method was used to extract DNA from tender leaves,using the known primers from related species:B. platyphylla var. japonica and B. pendula. Then,one factor was changed at a time to optimize the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Next,Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) was used to detect the amplified products with three primers' segments randomly selected from thirty-six pairs of primers and sequenced to further check the universality of the primer. Results showed that in a volume of 20 μL,the optimal reaction system was 60 ng template DNA,1.500 mmol·L-1 Mg2+,0.175 mmol·L-1 deoxyri-bonucleotide triphosphate (dNTP)s,2.500 mmol·L-1 primer,and 1.0 × 16.67 nkat Taq polymerase. Compared with B. platyphylla var. japonica and B. pendula,the optimal annealing temperature of the primer was 1°C higher. The blast results from primer AF310851,AB084479,and AB084480 showed that the values of max ident were all above 95.0%. This indicated that the SSR primers of birch could be used with B. luminifera.


In a recent issue of Central European Journal of Paediatrics, Michelsen et al. provided a comprehensive overview of health care services use among persons who have cerebral palsy (CP) in Denmark (1). The results suggested that children with CP more often visited general practitioners as well as specialist physicians at primary, secondary and tertiary health care level compared to adults with CP. Nevertheless, there was no appreciable difference between children and adults with CP in terms of the admissions to the emergency department (1). Similar to all former Yugoslav republics, all permanent residents in Denmark have universal health care access and a unique personal identification number through which each individual could be traced within the health care system. Organized and systematic data collection by means of registers, such as the National Patient Register or the National Health Service Register in Denmark (2) allows for an almost complete insight into the patterns of health care utilization and needs of specific groups as well as the population as a whole. A recent study by Klawonn et al. (3) suggested that research focusing on CP has been increasing,


Head and neck tumors (HNT)  include cancers of nasal cavity, oral cavity, larynx, pharynx, cervical esophagus, paranasal sinuses, and salivary glands; in most of the cases HNT are presented by squamous cell carcinoma. Despite the fact that tumors of head and neck are generally available for visual inspection, about 60–70 % of the patients are diagnosed with it at advanced (III or IV) stages of the disease. Unfortunately, optimization of diagnostic algorithms and wide implementation of instrumental diagnostics (ultrasound examination, computed tomography, fiber endoscopy) do not improve the situation. Current trends in HNT  incidence and mortality in Russia (increasing of both absolute and relative figures of incidence and mortality over the last 10–12 years) clearly demonstrate its social importance. Available epidemiological data suggests the obvious need for fundamental studies devoted to HNT pathogenesis as well as for development of novel meth ods of pathogenetic therapy. Along with the importance of investigation of typical for HNT genetic abnormalities, we should also stress studying of epigenetic regulation disorders in tumor cells because of its particular practical value. This review is aimed to analyze the relationship between different mechanisms of epigenetic regulation of gene expression, and to evaluate this relationship in squamous cell HNT.  In terms of new therapy methods development it is important to understand the complex nature of epigenetic control of gene expression as soon as it allows to create and implement optimal methods of chemotherapy. For instance, the antitumor effect of butyric acid could be theoretically modified or enhanced by the inhibitors of miR-17-92a or miR-31 mimics. In this case one of the drugs can be administrated locally, and the other one – systemically, this possibility can help to reach maximum therapeutic effect in the tumor tissue. The main aim of this review was to present mechanisms, development prospects and application possibilities of HNT epigenetic therapy, which can be soon offered to clinicians.


Papillary cysts of the ovary are quite rare compared to other varieties of ovarian cysts. They are composed of small cysts, multilocular in form. The smaller cysts are usually irregular in size, and have villous growths and papillary vegetations attached to the inner surface of the cyst wall. Papilliform growths are frequently found on the outer surface of the cyst. The fluid contents of these cysts vary in color from a light straw to a dark wine color. These cysts may be mixed, the glandular and papillary types combined. These papillary cystoma of the ovary, as a rule, are claimed to take their origin from the traces left of the Wolffian tubules in the hilum of the ovary, and, as with all other growths, grow in the direction where there is the least resitance, which in this case would be between the folds of the broad ligament instead


The development and application of automatic control system of hot cross-cutting line of masteel No.4 steelmaking and rolling mill are introduced.The control system comprises L2,L1,drive system and structure,characteristics are described in detail.In order to assure the high stability and accuracy,position closed-loop control,AGC control,tension control are programmed in software and T400,FM458 modules of SIEMENS are used in hardware.Practical application results show that good control effect is obtained.


We demonstrate the differences in hot electron absorption mechanisms dominant in the interaction of a femtosecond laser pulse with intensities of 10 18 W / cm 2 and 10 21 W / cm 2 on a fully ionized target with a steep density profile and preplasma with moderate scale length (3  μm). We show that acceleration of each electron starts at the moment when the magnetic component of a standing electromagnetic wave changes its polarity in a regime without preplasma. In the presence of preplasma, the stochastic heating is the dominant absorption mechanism along with the longitudinal electric field. It is observed that wave's energy is absorbed only if the standing wave is already created at the position of electron during the interaction with the pulse with an intensity of 10 18 W / cm 2. In the case with 10 21 W / cm 2 intensity, the part of the electrons is pre-accelerated in front of the target before the reflection and following stochastic heating. The presence of preplasma results in electron temperatures close to or even exceeding ponderomotive scaling. At higher intensity, the re-injection of electrons previously repelled by incident wave's ponderomotive force into high-field regions is allowed if the standing wave is created.


The problem of disturbance attenuation with internal stability for nonlinear systems with Markovian jumping parameters is considered. It is shown that this problem is solvable if there exists a set of smooth positive semi-definite functions satisfying certain Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs inequalities. Furthermore, it is shown that if this solution exists, it represents a stochastic Lyapunov function for the closed-loop nonlinear system.


We recently reported the molecular cloning of a cytotoxic granule-associated RNA-binding protein designated TIA-1. The ability of recombinant TIA-1 to induce DNA fragmentation in permeabilized cells suggested that this protein is the granule component responsible for inducing apoptosis in cytolytic lymphocyte (CTL) targets. Here we report the characterization of a cDNA encoding a TIA-1-related protein designated TIAR. The deduced amino acid sequence of TIAR reveals it to be a 42-kDa protein possessing three RNA-binding domains and a carboxyl-terminal auxiliary domain. Although the RNA-binding domains of TIA-1 and TIAR share >85% amino acid homology, their carboxyl-terminal auxiliary domains are only 51% homologous. The carboxyl terminus of TIAR contains a lysosome-targeting motif, indicating that TUAR is probably a cytotoxic granule-associated protein. Like TIA-1, purified recombinant TIAR induced DNA fragmentation in permeabilized target cells. Although immunoblotting analysis of post-nuclear supernatants revealed TIA-1 protein to be restricted to CTLs, PCR analysis revealed the expression of TIA-1 and TIAR mRNA transcripts in a wide variety of cell types. Our data suggest that the granules of CTLs contain at least two candidate nucleolysins involved in CTL killing. Natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) can recognize and kill a wide variety of virus-infected or transformed target cells (1, 2). Although the surface receptors expressed by these effector cells are distinct, they appear to use similar cytolytic mechanisms in the elimination of their respective target cells (3-6). Both NK cells and CTLs possess cytoplasmic granules containing putative effector molecules, such as perforin and the serine proteases. Secretion of these granules in response to target cell recognition is thought necessary for the induction of target cell death. Indeed, isolated cytotoxic granules can render target cells permeable to small ions such as Ca2+ and 51Cr (7). The granule component responsible for this permeabilization is perforin, a complement-related pore-forming protein. With Ca2+, perforin can insert into target cell membranes, where it polymerizes to form nonspecific ion channels (8-10). Formation of these ion channels appears sufficient to induce the lysis of certain cell types. In addition to perforn-mediated cytolysis, CTLs can induce target cells to activate an endogenous pathway of programmed cell death known as apoptosis (11). Central to this autolytic pathway is the activation of an endogenous endonuclease that degrades target cell DNA (12, 13). Electrophoretic separation of degraded DNA produces a "ladder" of oligonucleosome-sized fragments characteristic of this programmed suicide pathway. Isolated cytotoxic granules have been reported by some investigators (7, 14) to induce DNA fragmentation in target cells, suggesting that some constituent of the cytotoxic granule possesses nucleolytic activity. Although pore-forming molecules such as perforin and complement are generally not thought to trigger DNA fragmentation (15), prolonged exposure to these agents sometimes causes nonspecificDNA damage (16) that may not be relevant to lymphocyte-mediated killing. Perforin may, however, be required for the nucleolytic activity of other granule components. Recent results suggest that the combination of a granule-associated serine protease (e.g., granzyme A or a rat natural killer protease 1-like protease), and perforin can induce DNA fragmentation in target cells (17, 18). The further observation that granzyme A can induce DNA fragmentation in detergent-permeabilized cells (17) suggests that perforin is involved in the delivery of granzymes to target cells. The mechanisms by which serine proteases induce DNA fragmentation are completely unknown. We recently identified several molecular isoforms (15 kDa, 28 kDa, 40 kDa, and 53 kDa) of a cytotoxic granuleassociated protein designated TIA-1. Molecular cloning of the 40-kDa TIA-1 isoform (p40-TIA-1) revealed it to be another member of a family of RNA-binding proteins (19). p40-TIA-1 is composed of three 90-amino acid RNA-binding domains and a 102-amino acid glutamine-rich carboxylterminal auxiliary domain. The 15-kDa TIA-1 isoform, the major species in cytotoxic granules, may be derived from the carboxyl-terminal auxiliary domain of p40-TIA-1 by proteolytic processing (19). Because p15-TIA-1 possesses nucleolytic activity, release of this carboxyl-terminal fragment by granule-associated proteases (e.g., granzymes) may serve to activate the toxin before granule secretion. We postulated that the ability of serine proteases to induce DNA fragmentation in permeabilized cells might result from a similar activation of TIA-1-related molecules expressed in the nucleus of all cells (19). Here we report the molecular cloning of a TIA-1-related cDNA that encodes a protein (TIAR) possessing nucleolytic activity against CTL target cells.t Our results suggest that a family of granule-associated RNAbinding proteins are candidate nucleolysins involved in CTLmediated killing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunoblotting. Immunoblotting analysis was done as described (20). Immunoblots developed with a monoclonal antibody reactive with TIA-1 (1H10, IgGl) as described (19). Abbreviations: CTL, cytotoxic lymphocyte; TIAR, TIA-1-related protein; RP-PCR, reverse transcription PCR; NK, natural killer. *The sequence reported in this paper has been deposited in the GenBank data base (accession no. M%954). 8681 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. 8682 Immunology: Kawakami et al. Affinity Precipitations. Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) was transformed with the pT7-7 plasmid vector containing insert DNA encoding either TIA-1 or TIAR, and bacterial lysates were prepared as described (19). Recombinant proteins were affinity precipitated from E. coli lysates by using either poly(A)-Sepharose or poly(U)-Sepharose (Pharmacia). E. coli lysates [derived from 0.5 ml ofbacterial culture (OD600 = 0.45)] were incubated with 50 Aul of a 50%o (vol/vol) suspension of Sepharose beads for 1 hr at 4TC. Sepharose beads were then washed three times with Tris-buffered saline, eluted with SDS-sample buffer, and separated on an SDS/10% polyacrylamide gel. After transfer to nitrocellulose (Schleicher & Schuell), immunoblots were developed as described (19). cDNA Cloning and Sequencing. A Agtll cDNA library derived from phytohemagglutinin-activated T cells (Clontech) was plated at a density of 10,000 plaques per 150-mm Petri dish onto a lawn of E. coli strain Y1090. After 12 hr at 37TC, plates were overlaid with nitrocellulose filters for 1 min before being processed for hybridization. Individual filters were prehybridized in 50% (vol/vol) formamide, 5 X standard saline citrate (SSC; lx SSC is 0.15 M sodium chloride/0.015 M sodium citrate, pH 7)/50mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0/5 x Denhardt's solution/0.1% SDS/denatured salmon sperm DNA at 100 jig/ml for 4 hr at 37TC. Probe DNAs were 32P-labeled by nick translation, diluted in the above solution, and hybridized to nitrocellulose filters for 12-24 hr at 370C. Filters were then washed twice with 2x SSC/0.1% SDS before autoradiographic exposure. Positive plaques were individually selected and subcloned three times before expansion. Phage DNA was extracted from plate lysates, digested with EcoRI to liberate inserts, and subcloned into pSP65 plasmid DNA. Dideoxynucleotide chain-termination sequencing was performed using Sequenase (United States Biochemical). Southern Blotting. Human genomic DNA (Clontech) was digested with the indicated restriction enzymes for 4 hr at 37°C before electrophoretic separation on a 0.7% agarose gel. After alkali denaturation, DNA fragments were transferred to nitrocellulose by capillary blotting for 12 hr at room temper-


Local Directional And Uncoherent Seismic Noise Filtering With Oversampled Filter Banks Jerome Gauthier (Institut Francais du Petrole (IFP)) Marie-Christine Cacas (Institut Francais du Petrole (IFP)) and Laurent Duval (Institut Francais du Petrole (IFP)) SUMMARY____________________________________________________________ Seismic data are subject to different kinds of unwanted perturbations. These random or organised noises which can be acquisition or processing related for instance may disturb geophysical interpretations and thwart attempts at automated processing methods. Since the relative features (e.g. amplitude spectrum) of the signals of interest and the noises may vary locally signal and noise separation is obtained by a local data-driven filtering with two


DNA barcoding technology has become employed widely for biodiversity and molecular biology researchers to identify species and analyze their phylogeny. Recently, DNA metabarcoding and environmental DNA (eDNA) technology have developed by expanding the concept of DNA barcoding. These techniques analyze the diversity and quantity of organisms within an environment by detecting biogenic DNA in water and soil. It is particularly popular for monitoring fish species living in rivers and lakes (Takahara et al. 2012). BOLD Systems (Barcode of Life Database systems, Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007) is a database for DNA barcoding, archiving 8.5 million of barcodes (as of August 2020) along with the voucher specimen, from which the DNA barcode sequence is derived, including taxonomy, collected country, and museum vouchered as metadata (e.g. https:// www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=TRIBS054-16). Also, many barcoding data are submitted to GenBank (Sayers et al. 2020), which is a database for DNA sequences managed by NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information, US). The number of the records of DNA barcodes, i.e. COI (cytochrome c oxidase I) gene for animal, has grown significantly (Porter and Hajibabaei 2018). BOLD imports DNA barcoding data from GenBank, and lots of DNA barcoding data in GenBank are also assigned BOLD IDs. However, we have to refer to both BOLD and GenBank data when performing DNA barcoding. I have previously investigated the registration of DNA ‡ © Nakazato T. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. barcoding data in GenBank, especially the association with BOLD, using insects and flowering plants as examples (Nakazato 2019). Here, I surveyed the number of species covered by BOLD and GenBank. I used fish data as an example because eDNA research is particularly focused on fish. I downloaded all GenBank files for vertebrates from NCBI FTP (File Transfer Protocol) sites (as of November 2019). Of the GenBank fish entries, 86,958 (7.3%) were assigned BOLD identifiers (IDs). The NCBI taxonomy database has registrations for 39,127 species of fish, and 20,987 scientific names at the species level (i.e., excluding names that included sp., cf. or aff.). GenBank entries with BOLD IDs covered 11,784 species (30.1%) and 8,665 species-level names (41.3%). I also obtained whole "specimens and sequences combined data" for fish from BOLD systems (as of November 2019). In the BOLD, there are 273,426 entries that are registered as fish. Of these entries, 211,589 BOLD entries were assigned GenBank IDs, i.e. with values in "genbank_accession" column, and 121,748 entries were imported from GenBank, i.e. with "Mined from GenBank, NCBI" description in "institution_storing" column. The BOLD data covered 18,952 fish species and 15,063 species-level names, but 35,500 entries were assigned no species-level names and 22,123 entries were not even filled with family-level names. At the species level, 8,067 names co-occurred in GenBank and BOLD, with 6,997 BOLD-specific names and 599 GenBank-specific names. GenBank has 425,732 fish entries with voucher IDs, of which 340,386 were not assigned a BOLD ID. Of these 340,386 entries, 43,872 entries are registrations for COI genes, which could be candidates for DNA barcodes. These candidates include 4,201 species that are not included in BOLD, thus adding these data will enable us to identify 19,863 fish to the species level. For researchers, it would be very useful if both BOLD and GenBank DNA barcoding data could be searched in one place. For this purpose, it is necessary to integrate data from the two databases. A lot of biodiversity data are recorded based on the Darwin Core standard while DNA sequencing data are sometimes integrated or cross-linked by RDF (Resource Description Framework). It may not be technically difficult to integrate these data, but the species data referenced differ from the EoL (The Encyclopedia of Life) for BOLD and the NCBI taxonomy for GenBank, and the differences in taxonomic systems make it difficult to match by scientific name description. GenBank has fields for the latitude and longitude of the specimens sampled, and Porter and Hajibabaei 2018 argue that this information should be enhanced. However, this information may be better described in the specimen and occurrence databases. The integration of barcoding data with the specimen and occurrence data will solve these problems. Most importantly, it will save the researcher from having to register the same information in multiple databases. In the field of biodiversity, only DNA barcode sequences may have been focused on and used as gene sequences. The museomics community regards museum-preserved specimens as rich resources for DNA studies because their biodiversity information can accompany the extraction and analysis of their DNA (Nakazato 2018). GenBank is useful for biodiversity studies due to its low rate of mislabelling (Leray et al. 2019). In the future, we will be 2 Nakazato T


In two sections of a world history class, 43 sixth graders, all considered competent readers, participated in.two sets of tasks. First, they used a familiar textbook to locate the answers to six questions, all of which contained terms that could be found in the book's index. Second, they participated in a report-writing project in which they were asked to generate research questions, locate information to answer those questions using multiple sources, take notes, and write a research report conforming to their teacher's expectations. Despite being competent readers, who had instruction relevant to finding information and who had completed several reports during the year, these students exhibited a wide range of performance and many difficulties. The results are discussed in relation to their implications for helping children develop independent, flexible strategies for finding and using information. (Contains 20 references.) (Author/RS) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. *********************************************************************** Sixth-Grade Researchers: Posing Questions, Finding Information, and Writing a Report Mariam Jean Dreher University of Maryland College Park U.S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OSIce 01 Educatfonal Research and imptoement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) g(10.5 document ha3 been reproduced SS received Rom the Derv..." or organfzation ongmating .1 n Minor changes have been made to tmprove reproduction qualtty Rom's of we*, or opons stated .1, INS dOcu menu do not necessarily represent offic(at OEM position of policy National Reading Research Center READING RESEARCH REPORT NO. 40


Sol-gel processes provide techniques to prepare materials which contain silicate and organic groups in a single amorphous phase. Such materials can possibly possess a resultant combination of beneficial physical and chemical properties from silicate glass and organic polymeric materials. Also, silica glasses containing organic components in their network can more readily dissolve organic dyes, and therefore be used in optical fibers to promote optical amplifier capabilities. The properties of such solid materials intimately relate to the structural arrangements in the materials. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy have been applied in this study to obtain valuable information for sol-gel condensates from the tetramethoxysilane (TMOS)/diethoxydimethylsilane (DEDMS)/methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) system. Compositions in this system can possess methyl-bonded silicon atoms in their structural networks in contrast to silica gels and glasses. The resulting differences that are noted in the distributions of the three-fold (Si-O)3 ring and the four-fold (Si-O)4 ring structures of these materials with respect to silica gels and glasses are discussed on the basis of observed infrared and Raman spectra. Also, structural changes occurring during the heat treatment of gels that were prepared from binary TMOS/DEDMS mixtures were also investigated using infrared spectroscopy.


Farm survey data for Iowa and Alabama are analyzed and related to Internal Revenue Service sample data for these states and published tax statistics for the agricultural sector as a whole. The primary research objective was to characterize several categories of tax preparation and management costs associated with the three taxes levied on income in these states. Typical tax preparation costs were estimated to range from 650-1,000 for the two states when the cost of operator time was included with preparation fees. This compliance cost was estimated to represent as much as 40 percent of the income tax liabilities of commercial size farms, and a higher percentage for small farms. There was a clear perception among the farmers sampled that the income tax system strongly influenced farm investment, marketing and management decisions. Relationships between preparation costs and operator and farm characteristics were explored with regression analysis.


Following 3H 5-HT administration, differences were demonstrated in the uptake of the substance by the mast cells of the thyroid gland, thymus, intestine, and subcutaneous connective tissue. The interfollicular mast cells of the thyroid gland were extensively labelled, while the same cells in the other organs remained unlabelled.


Abstract Although the several pathological conditions of the head of fowls which have been variously designated as chicken pox, contagious epithelioma, epitheliosis infectiosa avium, avian diphtheria, canker, roup, diphtheritic roup, contagious eye roup, nasal roup, contagious catarrh, colds, etc., have been the subject of much careful study there still appears to exist considerable confusion concerning their relationship. A lack of uniformity of the terms applied by different investigatiors to the different types of lesions has added to the confusion. In this discussion an attempt will be made to point out the relationship and differential features between these diseases as they occur in California. To avoid confusion in nomenclature the classification suggested by the writer in a previous paper will be used. Chicken pox or Contagious Epithelioma:—This is a readily transmissible disease manifested by the formation of wart-like epithelial tumors on the comb, wattles, or skin of the head. Occasionally lesions . . .


Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) of insulating oil in power transformers can offer valuable information related to faults. Due to the poor and unbalanced characteristics of typical DGA datasets, which threaten the generalization capability of artificial intelligent (AI)-based models, we propose the use of a new over-sampling technique called ASMOTE (adaptive synthetic minority over-sampling TEchnique) in the pre-processing step to enrich the dataset. ASMOTE can significantly improve the generalization performance of AI-based models by providing a sufficient synthetic dataset to train an AI classifier. To authenticate the effectiveness of the ASMOTE algorithm, we validate the transformer diagnostic accuracy of some typical classification algorithms such as multilayer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine (SVM), and k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) using synthetic datasets created by the SMOTE technique. In addition, the use of DGA ratios is also considered. By investigating the interactions between byproduct gases in insulating oil and transformer faults, the non-code ratios of the dissolved emissions are chosen as the characterizing input to the AI-based models. Moreover, with the ability to extract discriminate faulty information of a transformer from DGA data, MLP is used as a preferable classifier for diagnosing symptoms present in transformers. The empirical results of this study demonstrate that the proposed technique remarkably increases the diagnostic performance of power transformer faults.


Measurement times for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image collection can take from the order of seconds to minutes and consequently the technique is subject to imaging artefacts due to target motion. For example, imaged moving targets can be displaced and unfocussed and similarly for vibrating targets. Current understanding of this phenomenon is somewhat esoteric however this paper puts forward and demonstrates a visual explanation via the physics of modulated scatterer SAR images in the Fourier domain. This novel approach has led to an imagery analyst aid which associates a distinctive signature to modulated scatterer artefacts in SAR imagery and to an associated filter.


Cadmium (Cd) pollution is a worldwide major concern having, among others, deleterious effects on plants. In the present work, the effects of a 20 μM Cd exposure in hydroponics culture during 14 days were evaluated in young poplar leaves. Proteins were analysed by 2‐D DIGE, followed by MALDI‐TOF‐TOF identification. Additionally, growth and other physiological parameters were monitored during the experiment. Treated plants exhibited an inhibition of growth and visual symptoms appeared after 7 days. A significant accumulation of Cd in all organs was recorded by ICP‐MS analysis. A number of changes in the expression of proteins with various functions were identified; in particular a decreased abundance of oxidative stress regulating proteins, whereas pathogenesis‐related proteins showed a drastic increase in abundance. Furthermore, a large number of proteins involved in carbon metabolism showed a decrease in abundance, while proteins involved in remobilizing carbon from other energy sources were upregulated. In conclusion, the negative effect of Cd could be explained by a deleterious effect on protein expression from the primary carbon metabolism and from the oxidative stress response mechanism. Accumulation of Cd in stems of poplar, coupled with a low impact of Cd on physiological parameters, promotes the use of poplar trees for phytoremediation purposes.


Despite the growth of scholarship highlighting the importance of greater involvement by in-house counsel in company business processes to the promotion of a future-oriented, proactive law perspective, scholars have largely failed to address methods for putting the concepts generated by such discussions into practice. There is a critical need for further scholarship on practical methods for involving in-house counsel to a greater degree in future-oriented company business processes. The purpose of this article is to outline a way to increase the involvement of in-house counsel in long-term strategic planning through incorporating Delphi consensus building into crisis management team (CMT) response processes to organizational crises. Incorporating Delphi consensus building into the CMT context will support the increased involvement of in-house counsel in future-oriented, proactive strategic planning while reducing the challenges to CMT decision-making posed by organizational conflict.


Himself a psychiatrist, a member of the faculty of the Upstate Medical Center of the State University of New York, Dr. Szasz has a critical attitude toward his own profession that is rare. For several years, he has been actively concerned with the ways in which psychiatric procedures may abridge the civil liberties of patients; and in The Myth of Mental Illness, he has held that most psychiatric disorders are not "diseases" in any sense but, rather, failures of life-style that are best understood in psychological and moral terms. In Ms article, reprinted by permission from The Humanist for 1963, he raises doubts about the appropriateness of psychiatrists as public school personnel.


Growth factors with the two characteristic properties of sarcoma growth factor, the ability to stimulate anchorage-independent growth of normal mouse or rat fibroblasts and the ability to compete with 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor for receptor binding, can be isolated from 12- to 13-day-old normal mouse embryos of various strains. Two size classes of the transforming factor from embryo cells can be isolated with apparent molecular weights of 20,000 and 10,000. The lower-molecular-weight factor has been purified several hundred-fold and has the same properties as the peptides with a molecular weight of 10,000 produced by mouse sarcoma virus-transformed 3T3 cells. Whole-mouse embryos contain approximately 10% as much sarcoma growth factor per g of tissue as do the murine sarcoma virus-transformed cells; how it is distributed among the embryonic tissues remains to be determined.