Humans are able to classify complex visual objects with extremely high accuracy. Recently, deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) models have reached and even surpassed human performance at this task. Among recent networks, the deeper the architecture, the better the performance. Although loosely inspired by biological brains, it remains unclear whether models reaching human-level accuracy also perform computations similar to those in the human brain. In earlier studies using shallower architectures with poorer object classification accuracy, greater depth and higher task performance were associated with improved explanation of inferior temporal cortex (IT) (Khaligh-Razavi & Kriegeskorte, 2014; Yamins et al., 2014). Our results show that this is not the case for state-of-the-art deep architectures that near or surpass human performance; the deepest, best-performing models are not best at explaining representations in human IT. In particular, deep residual networks (ResNets) are a relatively poor match to the brain, despite their very high classification performance. These findings open the door to detailed explorations of the architectures that best account for the representational transformations, and thus computations, performed in the ventral visual stream.


To optimize the operation parameters of a food waste biogas plant, the physico-chemical properties of food waste, leachate, and their hydrolysis characteristics, and rate were investigated by a survey and experiments. Food waste analysis during the survey revealed a pH of 4.92, TS of 16.25%, VS of 13.9%, TCODCr of 145,100 mg/L, SCODCr of 58,600 mg/L, T-N of 4,665 mg/L, T-P of 823 mg/L on average. Leachate analysis revealed a pH of 4.40, TS of 6.83%, VS of 6.17%, TCODCr of 80.635 mg/L, SCODCr of 40,700 mg/L, T-N of 3,747 mg/L, and T-P of 389 mg/L on average. The rate constants, k1 and k2, of hydrolysis with a mixture of the above mentioned food waste and leachate were determined by hydrolysis experiments at different temperatures with different TS concentrations. As a result, the optimal reaction time was determined to be less than 2 days and the maximum hydrolysis rate was shown to be 32 to 64%. This data is very useful for improving the operation and basic design of biogas plants using food waste and leachate as feed.


By using the theory of differential subordination, we investigate differential inequalities, satisfied by an analytic function [Formula: see text] defined on the unit disc, that imply the boundedness of the function [Formula: see text]. Our results are applied to find sufficient conditions for the normalized analytic functions to be either starlike or close-to-convex.


In order to research the effect of temperature on deformation of silty clay,taking frozen silty clay as the research object,the deformation property of silty clay at different temperatures are researched by triaxial shear test.The test result shows that(1) the effect of temperature on the strength and deformation of the silty clay is remarkable,the lower the temperature,the smaller the deformation under same deviatoric stresse condition;(2) the relation between temperature and strength is inverse cotangent function;(3) the stress-strain relation of frozen silty clay shows hardening type and have no peak strength,while the stress-strain relation shows softening type and have peak strength.The constitutive model of frozen silty clay which considered the effect of temperature is established according to Duncan-Chang model.The relation between deviatoric stress and strain is power function.The temperature influence the strain through A and B which are the power function's coefficients.At last,the established constitutive model is imputed into the finite element analysis software MIDAS.The soil deformation in the construction of connecting passages in DK11+395 section of Shenyang subway during the freezing process is simulated.The numerical computing result agrees well with the field monitoring result,thus the validity of the established constitutive model is proven.


Worldwide there has been rejoicing over the recent agreement reached in Africa's longest and most devastating civil war, the war in Sudan. It is a war characterised by severe brutality and the indiscriminate killing of innocent people, as well as marginalisation and a lack of socio-economic justice and development.


In recent years, research on high-risk athletes has focused mainly on personality traits, highlighting a complex and often ambivalent personality structure. Although scholars pointed out emotional difficulties amongst high-risk athletes, there exists to this day no in-depth investigation of the affective aspect. In an effort to address this so-far neglected question, this study offers the first thorough exploration of patterns of romantic relationships among high-risk athletes. Two groups were selected: people who practice extreme sports (N = 189; Extreme) and those who practice other types of sports (N = 207; Non-extreme). A series of tests were administered to evaluate romantic love, personality traits and self-esteem. Results showed that Extreme tend to display less intense feelings than their Non-extreme counterparts; conversely, their sentimental relationships are characterized by positive emotions and stable feelings, avoiding negative emotions. Hence, despite stereotypes which characterize Extreme as thrill-seekers prone to impulsivity, it seems that this group do not in fact seek as many thrills in their love life, but rather seek stability and contentment. Although still in it explorative phase, this study produced preliminary data which should be considered in devising further assessment and therapeutic strategies for this population of athletes.


Scaling up male circumcision (MC) coverage to 80% of men and neonates in South Africa over the next 55 years would avert more than 11 million new HIV infections by 2025 -- but this is unlikely to happen.

The startling prevention claim emerged from modellling data presented by Kelly Curran, Technical Director of the HIV/AIDS and Infectious Diseases Department at Johns Hopkins University, who was in Cape Town this October to attend an AIDS/TB meeting of global researchers. She told Izindaba that MC trials in Uganda, Kenya and South Africa had shown a 60% reduction in HIV infection among heterosexual men, prompting aggressive World Health Organization (WHO), guidelines for high HIV, low male circumcision prevalence countries 2 years ago.

The goal now was to increase the scale-up of MC coverage among young men to 80% over the next 5 years in 13 eligible countries in Africa's eastern and southern regions, namely South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Swaziland, Lesotho, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya (Nyanza Province only), Uganda and Rwanda. Nyanza Province in Kenya was identified because it had low male MC coverage and an HIV prevalence three times higher than the rest of the country.

Curran said that in spite of the start-up difficulties, the payoff was huge. Modelling exercises suggested that the cost of averting an estimated 4 million new HIV infections in the 13-country region over 5 years would be around R7.5 billion – eventually saving R150 billion in treatment costs. 'That's a pretty small investment for such a big return,' she said.

Similar modelling predicts that a scale-up of such magnitude (over 5 years) would in South Africa alone avert 20% of new infections and avoid more than 1 million new HIV infections in 15 years' time (when the incremental effect has kicked in). Reaching 80% coverage in all 13 countries would require approximately 28 million procedures over 5 years.

To stress just how effective male circumcision was, Curran said a modelling exercise in Swaziland assessing the number of procedures that were required 'per infection averted' showed that as few as five circumcisions would avert one infection.
This had 'huge potential' for countries with high HIV incidences such as South Africa.


Objective To study the effects of WenYan-HuaTan-ZiYin Decoction and its Decomposed formulas on Neuro-endocrino-immune Functions in Mice Model of Yang Deficiency. Methods The mice were randomly divided into the normal control Group,Yang Deficiency model Group,Yang Deficiency and WenYan-HuaTan Decoction-Group,Yang Deficiency and ZiYin Decoction-Group,Yang Deficiency and WenYan-HuaTan-ZiYin Decoction-Group. Yang Deficiency models of mice were established by hydrocortisone. Research the body quality and temperature during the experiment. By the end of the experiment,the spleen and thymus were removed rapidly and weighted when the mice were killed,the spleen index and the thymus index were calculated,and the contents of Adrenocoticotrophic Hormone (ACTH),Cortisol (CORT),Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH),Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4 ) in the serum were measured by Radio-immunity method. Results The body quality and temperature,the content of ACTH,CORT,TSH,T3,T4 and the thymus index of Yang Deficiency animals treated by WenYan-HuaTan-ZiYin Decoction and its Decomposed formulas increased but spleen index decreased. Conclusion WenYan-HuaTan-ZiYin Decoction and its Decomposed formulas can ameliorate the function of the Neuro-endocrino-immune net.


This paper studies the dynamic characteristics of air-cooled condenser structure through model test and finite element analysis.Firstly,Selecting a 1 /4 substructure,a 1 /8 scale model was constructed,The natural vibration frequencies and mode shapes of experimental model were obtained with hammering method;Then,the finite element model of the experiment structure was built with ABAQUS soft ware,the results show that the calculated values agree with the experimental results,the method of finite element model is reasonable;And then,the finite element model of the prototype structure was built to calculate the dynamic character,analyze the causes of the torsional effect of the structure,and design proposal considering the torsional effect was given;Finally,the basic period and damping variation of the structure was analyzed through pseudo dynamic test of the model.The results of this paper can be used for application of new type air-cooled condenser structure with umbrella brace.


For the first forty years of his life Marshal was a landless knight but by his marriage to the daughter of Earl Richard of Pembroke in 1189 he became a great feudal lord. His biography depicts the two extremes of feudal society. This edition was first published in 1933.


Vehicle's fuel economy and emissions benefit by using the lean-burn turbocharged compressed natural gas(CNG) engine depends on engine operating conditions.Based on the experimental data of a lean-burn turbocharged spark-ignition(SI) CNG engine,the restrictions of operating range was analyzed, including knock limit,lean burn limit,boost and pre-turbo temperature limits.Cylinder pressure was recorded using a high sampling frequency transducer,thus allowing the analysis of pressure characteristics due to knocking.Coefficient of variations(COV) in indicated mean effective pressure(IMEP) is used in the definition of lean burn misfire.The effects of various engine parameters on engine's restrictions were examined at various operating conditions.Through optimizing the mechanical structure of engine,control strategy and calibration parameters,the operating range of engine is considerably extended.


A collection of photographs of jazz LP album covers from the 1950s, taken mostly from the Pacific Jazz, Contemporary, and Fantasy catalogs.


In this work, a combination of experimental and computational approaches on the isospecific role of monoester-type internal electron donors (ED) such as phenylpropionate (PhP), ethylheptanoate (EH), methylbenzoate (MB), ethylbenzoate (EB) for TiCl 4 /ED/MgCl 2 Ziegler-Natta catalysts had been performed. The propylene polymerization results revealed that the isospecificity of catalysts increases in the following order: PhP< EH < MB< EB. The subsequent molecular modeling on the electronic properties of the donors and two kinds of cluster model catalysts: TiCl 4 /ED/MgCl 2 and TiCl 4 /ED/(MgCl 2 ) 4 based on density functional theory (DFT) method was carried out. Two kinds of ED coordination on MgCl 2 clusters through either =O or -O- within the monoester-type ED had been disclosed. A perfect correlation between the dipole moment of ED, the coordination bond length of =O... Mg, the competitive coordination from -O- with Mg ion and the isospecificity of the catalysts had been established.


Pedestrian safety is a major concern in road transportation as pedestrian/vehicle accidents account for the second largest cause of traffic-related injuries and fatalities worldwide. Considerable work has examined the use of lidar, radar and computer vision for pedestrian detection but existing solutions are costly and work only if pedestrians are in the vehicle's line-of-sight. In this paper, we present a novel technique based on wireless sensor networks that is cheap and enables pedestrian detection beyond the driver's horizon. The detection system is based on the use of "cat's eyes" augmented with embedded processing and communication capabilities that are able to detect pedestrians and forward this information along the road. We describe how such a system was successfully built with SOL, a high-level programming language for wireless sensor networks. Initial results show that the system obtains detection rates of 100%, false positive rates of 0%, and that the precision of the estimated position of pedestrians depends on their heading and relative position to sensor nodes.


Speckle patterns from optical fibers can be used as reference beams in holographic storage. Quasi-random patterns from multimode or tapered single mode fibers enhance hologram selectivity. The storage and retrieval of near-field photorefractive hologram using a near-field scanning optical microscope is also discussed.


To verify the added value of respiratory function monitor (RFM) to assess ventilation and the heart rate (HR) changes during stabilization of preterm infants.


North-East India is considered as the high potential area of bamboos where occurrences of 90 species of bamboos are recorded. Among them 41 species are reported as endemic to that region. Northeast Indian states are also called as "Bamboo Queen of India". The bamboo also called poor man's timber is one of the most countable forestry species which play an important role in biodiversity conservation and climate control. Assam is very rich in forest tree resources including various species of bamboo and cane. It plays a vital part in lifestyle and rural economy of Assam. Forests of Dima Hasao and Karbi Anglong, Nagaon and North Lakhimpur districts can be specially mentioned. The important species of bamboo of economic value are the Bhaluka bamboo (bambusa balcooa), Jati bamboo (Bambusa tulda), Muli (Melocanna bambusoides), Dalu (Teinostachyum dalloa), Khang (Dendrocalmus longispatnus), Kaligoda (Oxytenanthera nigrociliata) and Pecha (Dendrocalamus Hamiltonii). Bambusa balcooa species is most commercially viable species under genus Bambusa due to its thickest and largest robust culms commonly used in construction purposes of house, other frame works and in making of agricultural implements, baskets, bridges and also for making paper. The article discusses in brief about the most economically viable species Bambusa balcooa under genus Bambusa.


This paper presents a new ZVZCS full-bridge PWM converter with a simple auxiliary circuit. The auxiliary circuit does not use lossy resistors and active switches. It achieves soft-switching of primary switches. The converter has features including high efficiency,lower voltage stress of the rectifier diode and self-adjustment of the circulating circuit. It is suitable for high voltage and high power applications. The principles of operation and design considerations are presented and verified on a experimental converter.


By surveying students at four-year colleges and universities throughout Illinois, I examined whether employment, both onand off-campus, had a significant impact on undergraduate GP A. Each year the number of undergraduates employed while enrolled in school increases. No study has examined the direct impact of this on GPA, and by extension, degree completion. While previous studies are significant in demonstrating working decreases involvement and campus connection, the impact of employment on college GP A is still undetermined. I developed a survey that was distributed to students from 6 colleges and universities throughout Illinois. I then used regression analysis to determine the effect of college employment on GP A, holding other factors that would affect GP A constant. I predicted employment to have a negative effect on college GP A, however my data did not support this hypothesis.


Pedagogical research has already established that couching lessons within the use or design of computer games can be an effective method of instruction. Text adventure games are a particularly excellent vehicle for exploring many Data Structures topics. In these games, the interface is console-based and involves a simple input-response cycle that is easy for novice programmers to master. The game's player uses typed commands to move around a series of locales, each of which is described upon entering. There are physical objects in each location that can be inspected, picked up and carried, dropped, and sometimes used in some way. Meeting the requirements of a global objective causes the game to end. Beyond this, student creativity can add layers of plot complexity and puzzles, humor, and originality without requiring advanced programming expertise.


Western blotting systems are most commonly used after separation of proteins on one-dimensional (1D) SDS-PAGE gels. The fluorescent-based ECL Plex Western Blotting Detection System (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, NJ) provides sensitivity, linearity, and a dynamic range of nearly four orders of magnitude, as well as the possibility of multiplex analysis-detection of two protein epitopes on the same membrane simultaneously. Multiplexing is commonly used for quantitation of one protein relative to a protein of known abundance (housekeeping protein). It can also be used for the detection and quantitation of post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, provided that there are antibodies available. In this study, a two-dimensional Western blotting approach was evaluated in addition to the traditional 1D workflow, using fluorescent secondary antibodies, namely the ECL Plex Western Blotting Detection System. Human PC-3U cell lysate was separated by 1D and 2D SDS-PAGE, followed by blotting and incubation with primary antibodies against non-phosphorylated and Ser 9-phosphorylated forms of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β). ECL Plex CyDye Cy3- and Cy5-conjugated secondary antibodies were used for simultaneous detection of the non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated forms of GSK3β. The 1D Western blotting experiment showed that both the non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated forms of GSK3β could be detected in PC-3U cells without transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) activation. The 2D Western blotting experiment gave information on phosphorylation states that could not be obtained by 1D Western blotting. A 48-kDa band corresponding to phosphorylated GSK3β in the 1D experiments was resolved into at least five distinct protein isoforms, two of which were phosphorylated at serine 9.


A novel deep desulfurization process for light oils, based on visible light-induced electron-transfer oxidation using 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA) in an organic two-phase liquid−liquid extraction system, has been investigated. Sulfur-containing compounds, when dissolved in acetonitrile, are successfully oxidized by photoirradiation at wavelengths of λ > 400 nm in the presence of DCA, to form highly polarized compounds, which do not distribute into the nonpolar light oil. When light oil and acetonitrile are mixed and are photoirradiated with DCA, the sulfur-containing compounds are extracted successively and are photooxidized in the acetonitrile phase. In this way, a deep desulfurization is achieved:  the sulfur content in light oil being reduced from 0.18 wt % to less than 0.005 wt %. The DCA and the aromatic hydrocarbons in the acetonitrile are able to be recovered by the addition of water, followed by extraction with n-hexane. The DCA distributed into the light oil is strongly adsorbed by silica gel and...


The culture of a classroom can make all the difference to teaching and learning. This month we look at factors which can contribute to a negative learning environment, including ideas about praise and blame.


Many mammals assess the differences in timing and level of sounds at the two ears in order to determine the azimuthal location of a sound source. These binaural cues play an important role in the ability of animals, including humans, to orient and communicate. Since the auditory scene is not static and the brain is also subject to developmental changes, neural plasticity constitutes a crucial factor enabling adaptation to a modified acoustic environment. My thesis comprises three studies, employing different techniques in three mammalian species, in which I provide evidence that adaptation constitutes a unifying principle of the mammalian auditory pathways encoding sound localisation. I demonstrate that binaural localisation cues underlie constant dynamic control, enabling adaptation over time frames from milliseconds to weeks, and that accuracy of sound localisation deteriorates during the ageing process.


Is it fair that a child's progress is judged against a simple, linear tracking system? A new report challenges traditional approaches and suggests new ways of working.


The study aimed to identify the features of the structure of organization and management of the research at universities in the USA so that those features are used as variables in further research. The study used the method of content analysis of qualitative type to identify patterns of the structure of organization and management of the research in universities in the USA. It was found that the structure of organization research management at universities in the USA relies on four domains such as scientific, organisational (institutional), financial and legislative. The university research activity in the USA is regulated by federal law. The research office is involved in proposal development, negotiation, and management of the award, ensuring regulatory compliance regarding intellectual property protection and technology transfer, communication of policies and processes, dissemination of funding opportunities, and the sufficient level of committed effort dedicated to a project and certification. The office draws the emphasis on compliance with the below-outlined areas such as fiscal – cost transfers and sharing, direct charging, effort, financial and income monitoring and reporting, and research – animal subject (IACUC) and human subject (IRB) protections, conflicts of interest, environmental health and safety, export controls, invention disclosure, and reporting, scientific overlap and misconduct. The structure of organization and management of the research is based on the above collaborative work which is called shared governance with the bottom-up management approach. Further research is needed in the bottom-up management application prerequisites to be used in Ukraine.


Prolactin receptor content of ventral prostates of young mature (4–5-month-old), adult (12–13-month-old), and aged (24–27-month-old) untreated AXC rats was 677 ± 151,826 ± 242, and 213 ± 59 (P < 0.01, aged versus adult or young mature) femtomoles per prostate, respectively. Orchiectomy at 48 hours prior to sacrifice caused an 80% reduction in ventral prostate prolactin receptor content in both young mature and aged rats. Testosterone treatment (2.5 mg/day) of intact rats for two days increased ventral prostate prolactin receptor content 59% in aged rats and 34% in young mature rats. Changes observed in ventral prostate prolactin receptor content could not be attributed to differences in serum prolactin levels, which were identical for the rats in all treatment groups. Significantly, prolactin receptors were not demonstrable in dorsolateral prostate from any of these rats. The results demonstrate that androgen regulation of ventral prostate prolactin receptors in aged AXC rats is qualitatively comparable to that characteristic of ventral prostate of young mature AXC rats. The greater relative increase in prolactin receptor levels in aged rats in response to exogenous testosterone suggests that the marked reduction in prolactin receptors in ventral prostate of intact 24–27-month-old rats may be related to lower plasma testosterone concentration.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: claimed is titanium-enriched residue after leaching of ilmenite with hydrochloric acid as raw material for obtaining titanium-containing pigment by means of sulfuric acid method. Titanium enriched residue consists of friable and porous residue, obtained after removal of iron from crystal lattice of ilmenite (FeTiO 3 ) by leaching with hydrochloric acid, and metatitanic acid aggregates. Residue contains small amounts of retile and titanium augite, with larger part of constituting it TiO 2 being amorphous. Solid substance, obtained after leaching, is dried with formation of titanium-enriched residue. Residue is soluble in sulfuric acid, with water content in it constituting not more than 20%, with residue representing white, light-yellow or light-gray particles or powder, in which content of amorphous TiO 2 constitutes 65-97%, the total content of iron constitutes not more than 8%, and specific weight of residue constitutes 2.9-3.6. EFFECT: obtaining titanium-containing pigment by means of titanium-enriched residue, which makes it possible to efficiently recycle finely disperse ilmenite of the region, obtain solution of titanium sulfate with super low ratio of iron to titanium dioxide (Fe/TiO 2 ) and double productivity of recycling equipment. 7 cl, 6 dwg, 12 tbl, 12 ex


There is no accurate non‐invasive method available for the diagnosis of acute thromboembolic occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic properties of the fibrinolytic marker D‐dimer.


Diffraction tomography (DT) has been applied in ground penetrating radar (GPR) to obtain images of buried objects. In order to obtain a unique solution for the object function, a maximum frequency range should be used in a DT inversion routine. In this paper, a method is proposed to appropriately truncate the frequency range of the Fourier-transformed (FT) scattered field for a 2D DT inversion routine. This is achieved by determining the variation of the phase in the FT scattered field. The number of zero-crossings of the FT phase along the spatial axis is counted and a moving-average filter is applied to enable proper bandwidth selection. Numerical simulations are demonstrated using synthetic data with additive white Gaussian noise.


In this paper, a new theory is developed for first-order stochastic convex optimization, showing that the global convergence rate is sufficiently quantified by a local growth rate of the objective function in a neighborhood of the optimal solutions. In particular, if the objective function [Formula: see text] in the [Formula: see text]-sublevel set grows as fast as [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] represents the closest optimal solution to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] quantifies the local growth rate, the iteration complexity of first-order stochastic optimization for achieving an [Formula: see text]-optimal solution can be [Formula: see text], which is optimal at most up to a logarithmic factor. To achieve the faster global convergence, we develop two different accelerated stochastic subgradient methods by iteratively solving the original problem approximately in a local region around a historical solution with the size of the local region gradually decreasing as the solution approaches the optimal set. Besides the theoretical improvements, this work also includes new contributions toward making the proposed algorithms practical: (i) we present practical variants of accelerated stochastic subgradient methods that can run without the knowledge of multiplicative growth constant and even the growth rate [Formula: see text]; (ii) we consider a broad family of problems in machine learning to demonstrate that the proposed algorithms enjoy faster convergence than traditional stochastic subgradient method. We also characterize the complexity of the proposed algorithms for ensuring the gradient is small without the smoothness assumption.


Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease characterized by the proliferation of CD1a-positive immature dendritic cells harboring an oncogenic mutation in a mitogenactivated protein kinase signaling cascade gene, typically BRAF V600E. Cladribine (2-CdA), an anti-metabolite purine substrate analogue, is a promising agent for the management of refractory or relapsed multisystem LCH. Although several cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) after treatment with 2-CdA have been reported in adults, 2-CdA-related MDS is rare in children. A Japanese girl had a skin rash at birth, and fever, otorrhea, bloody stools, marked hepatosplenomegaly and osteolytic lesion in the left humerus at the age of 1 month. After skin biopsy, she was diagnosed with LCH, and treated with the Japan LCH study group (JLSG)-02 protocol. She did not respond to the initial 6 week induction, which consisted of cytarabine/vincristine (VCR)/prednisolone (PSL). According to the protocol, she was switched to the salvage regimen, consisting of adriamycin/cyclophosphamide (CPM)/VCR/PSL. This salvage treatment resulted in no active disease (NAD). The total dose of CPM was 180 mg/kg. Two months after the cessation of therapy, however, new lesions were observed, namely, a skin nodule; a tentorium cerebelli mass; and a lung field nodule. Histology of a resected skin nodule led to a diagnosis of LCH relapse. The patient was treated with 2-CdA (5 mg/m/day) for 5 consecutive days, every 3–4 weeks. Because the intracranial mass lesion remained at the end of six courses of therapy, the patient received three additional treatment courses (making a total of nine courses) leading to NAD. The total dose of 2-CdA was 225 mg/m. During 2-CdA therapy, bone marrow suppression was mild and there was no need to use granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. At 4.8 years of age, platelet count dropped to <100 9 10/lL (Fig. 1a) and hemoglobin F was remarkably elevated (by approx. 20%). One year later (4.5 years after the CPM therapy and 3 years after the 2-CdA therapy), bone marrow analysis indicated dysmorphic changes in multiple lineages without increasing blast cells, leading to a diagnosis of MDS (a subtype of refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia; Fig. 1b–f). Family history and physical examination were not indicative of familial MDS or inherited bone marrow failure syndrome. Two years after that, bone marrow cells exhibited an abnormal karyotype of 46,XX,del(20)(q11.2). After 3 more years, pancytopenia progressed, and blast cells increased to 19.2% in the bone marrow (Fig. 1g). She was diagnosed with refractory anemia with excessive blasts-2 (RAEB-2). Immediately thereafter, she underwent unrelated cord blood stem cell transplantation. At the time of writing, 2 years after the transplantation, she was well without any medication. Cladribine-related MDS develops 0–3 years after therapy and is associated with the same deletion-type chromosomal abnormalities that characterize alkylating agent-related MDS. The present patient was diagnosed with MDS 4.5 years after CPM therapy and 3 years after 2-CdA therapy. This interval is somewhat short for alkylating agent-related MDS but compatible with 2-CdA-related MDS. Although the chromosomal abnormality of del (20q) detected in the present case has not been reported in 2-CdA-related MDS, the deletion type chromosomal abnormality was also consistent with 2-CdA-related MDS. The cumulative dose of CPM used in the present case was 180 mg/kg, which is lower than the usual dose associated with risk of MDS induction (>20 000 mg in adults). The total dose of 2-CdA in the present case (225 mg/m) was higher than the maximum dose of 150 mg/m recommended by Weitzman et al. (5 mg/m/day for 5 days, maximum six courses). In approximately half of 2-CdA-related MDS cases, alkylating agents are used before 2-CdA therapy. To the best of our knowledge, only two pediatric cases of 2-CdA-related MDS have been reported, including the present one (Table S1). Both cases involved LCH patients who had received CPM before 2-CdA. Given that nucleotide analogues, including 2CdA, are incorporated into DNA, they can potentially interfere with DNA repair mechanisms; consequently, nucleotide analogues can act synergistically with alkylating agents to induce MDS. In conclusion, it is necessary to consider the possibility that MDS can develop in patients treated with 2-CdA, particularly those who have previously received treatment with alkylating agents. Correspondence: Akira Morimoto, MD PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 33111, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan. Email: email@example.com Received 30 July 2018; revised 7 December 2018; accepted 31 January 2019. doi: 10.1111/ped.13792


When faced with inadequate information , humans often use knowledge gained from previous experience to help them in making decisions. Even when this knowledge is spread thinly among many previous experiences, humans are able to eeectively accumulate and apply it to a current classiica-tion task of interest. Inspired by human knowledge reuse, we have previously introduced a general framework for the use of knowledge embodied in existing classi-ers to aid in a new classiication task. In this framework, a supra-classiier is built to make decisions based on the outputs of large numbers of previously trained clas-siiers designed for diierent, but possibly relevant tasks. In this article, we discuss the Hamming Nearest Neighbor (HNN) supra-classiier architecture and mathematically show its usefulness. Experiments on public domain data sets demonstrate the practicality of the framework and HNN supra-classiier when faced with very few training examples.


This paper delineates a mechanism to attain decentralized control of a high-frequency distributed power system (HFDPS) based on local observation and/or estimation at the source and load ends. An acceptable dynamic performance of the independent control eliminates/reduces the need for high-speed communication (that typically needs to be high because of HF power transfer) between the source- and load-end controllers. This provides practically complete autonomy for the HFDPS. To verify the dynamic performance of the control scheme, start-up, transient and steady-state results have been provided.


Facile low-temperature chemical route for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles is reported in this paper. Morphologically uniform and spherical shape with an average particle size of 8.8 nm and wurtzite phase with the crystalline structure of as-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles were analyzed by UltraViolet Visible (UV-Vis) absorption and PhotoLuminescence (PL). The as-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles showed orange light-emitting properties when excited at 400 nm due to the well overlapping of electron and hole wave function across the compatible size of the particle of ZnO and the optical energy band gap of 3.5 eV due to quantum confinement. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS) were used for the elemental, molecular and energetic information of ZnO nanoparticles. UPS analysis depicted the energy level position of ZnO nanoparticles whereas XPS spectra showed the presence of constitute elementals with the stoichiometric atomic % of Zn and O. The elemental composition was also confirmed by the EDS analysis. The significant Raman shifts for as-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles in the typical Raman-active modes of vibration assigned to the wurtzite crystal nanostructure of ZnO.


The highest principle of the thinking marrow and value of the traditional Chinese culture is harmony.To fulfill the cultural value of the traditional Chinese is conditioned by the fulfillment of harmonious development of the whole society as the starting point.Coultivation of harmonous thinking,the scientific guideline,praise of humaism,melting cultures of all peoples against the globe,innovation of the traditional culture,are crucial steps to reach the goal.


Happo(合浦) County, representing today's Masan, stems from Happo, the old Chinese name meaning a town with an honest and clean ruler since the Han dynasty. The change from Golpo(骨浦) to Happo, therefore, was a national wish to look for good politics of local governors as well as the happiness and security of people's lives. In the troublesome transition from the late Unified Sill a to the early Goryeo, regional restructuring was made. In the 9th year of King Hyeonjong, a massive system reshuffle made Happo belong to Geumju(金州). Even though no governor was sent to Happo County, a sacrifice storage named Seokduchang(石頭倉) was stationed there, serving as an important foothold of gathering sacrificial products. When Yuan's rule was about to begin after a long war with Mongolia, Happo was the birthplace of Sambyeolcho(三別抄) struggle. As the villages in the southern coast at that time were already in the control of the Sambyeolcho, Happo was attacked three times owing to the help of the residents there. When Sambyeolcho struggle was at last suppressed, Happo was highlighted again as an advance base for Japanese expeditionby the Goryeo-Mongolia allied forces, in consideration of the blessed natural conditions, short direct distance to Japan, and the existence of the sacrifice storage. The conquest of Japan in two trials failed at all. Happo had to supply all the materials and facilities for the treatment and rehabilitation of the injured soldiers returning from Japan. In short, Happo looked like a military city. Another shock to Happo was the invasion of Japanese pirates. Their raid left great damages to the residents, but this simply proved that Happo was an essential place of military importance. That is, southern territory was regarded as important as northern one in national defense. With the establishment of military headquarters soon, Happe came to act as a strategic point.


Despite advances in the treatment of breast cancer, it is still the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. A large number of patients develop recurrence and die of advanced metastatic disease. More than 70% of metastatic breast cancers (mBC) express androgen receptor (AR) representing a potential target for anti-hormone therapies. AR is suggested to directly interact with an associated transcription factor (ARaTF) in breast cancer, however the functional role of ARaTF and its interaction with AR remains to be elucidated. We find that AR expression highly correlates with ARaTF in patients. To study its functional role driving tumorigenesis and metastatic outgrowth, we utilize patient-derived xenograft cell lines derived from liquid biopsies of mBC patients which reflect the highly heterogenous disease. Using genetically manipulated PDX cell models, we demonstrate that repression of ARaTF significantly reduces tumor growth of AR positive (AR+) BC cells in vivo. Notably, we observe the opposite phenotype in an AR negative cell model suggesting a tumor suppressive function when AR is not present. Mechanistically, we find that ARaTF regulates key metabolic processes: (1) Pharmacological inhibition of AR or silencing of ARaTF restricts mitochondrial respiration activity resulting in decreased energy production. (2) We also find that ARaTF positively regulates genes encoding enzymes involved in de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in AR+ BC. We further observe upregulation of the CD36 fatty acid transporter facilitating fatty acid uptake as compensatory pathway upon downregulation of ARaTF. Finally, abolishing CD36 expression in AR+ BC cells significantly reduces cell viability upon ARaTF downregulation. These findings suggest that lipid and energy metabolism are transcriptionally regulated by ARaTF facilitating cell survival in nutrient-depleted environments and thus facilitating metastatic outgrowth. These findings provide knowledge about the functional role of ARaTF regulating the lipogenic metabolic profile of AR+ breast cancer, and might help to identify patients who benefit from an anti-androgen treatment.
 Citation Format: Sarah-Jane Neuberth, Corinna Schumacher, Marteinn Thor Snaebjörnsson, Roberto Würth, Franziska Maria Zickgraf, Ornella Kossi, Felix Geist, Andrea Geist, Vera Thiel, Jonas Schwickert, Mattia Falcone, Massimo Saini, Almut Schulze, Andreas Trumpp, Martin R. Sprick. An androgen receptor-associated transcription factor regulates fatty acid metabolism driving tumor growth in androgen receptor-positive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 652.


Specimens of the platform element of Neogondolella from the Upper Permian of the Meishan section show well-developed polygonal microsculpture on their oral surfaces, attributable to the imprints of secreting cells. In all populations studied, there is a small but significant increase of mean polygon size with element size, but no variation in polygon size related to position on the element. There is a difference in mean polygon size between the two species N. changxingensis and N. deflecta, but this appears merely to reflect the larger mean size of elements of the latter species. No evidence for periodicity of polygon size during ontogeny is detected. The population of N. changxingensis in Bed 24e is dominated by small specimens with a mean polygon size smaller than on equivalent-sized elements in the normal population of Bed 24d; this suggests that the 'dwarf' population reflects a combination of high juvenile mortality and retarded cell growth.


Through analysing pile-soil deformation model of CFG pile composite foundation, the ratio of pile-soil stress and coefficient of settlement reduction are determined,and the settlement computation formula are established accordingly.Then through case analyzing,we think the settlement computation formula is reasonable,and the result is anastomotic between computing and monitoring.


The quality of composite preform has great influence on its mechanical properties. Aiming at the problems of difficulty in robot teaching and unstable braiding angle in the process of braiding three-dimensional complex component, a control method of robot is proposed. Firstly, the mandrel is discretized to ensure that the axis of each discrete mandrel is perpendicular to the braiding point plane, and the orientation and direction of the tool center are calculated. Then, the take-up speed of the robot is calculated, so that the self-adjustment of the braiding angle can be realized in the braiding process. The experimental results show that the control method can effectively reduce the braiding angle error of variable cross-section mandrel within 2°, and can improve the quality of composite products in actual production.


The aim of the study was to analyze changes in erythrocyte diphosphoglycerate levels and Willebrand factor in the development of hypoxia and endothelial dysfunction in experimental diabetic retinopathy. The study was performed on white Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g. Our results indicate the development of hypoxia on the 30 th day of development of experimental diabetic retinopathy with subsequent progression of pathological changes on the 60 th and 180 th day of the study, as evidenced by the decrease level of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate of erythrocytes in the 2 nd group (p <0,001). The most pronounced increase in the studied marker of hypoxia was detected in the 3 rd stage of the experiment (p <0,001). As a result of our study, a violation of the structural and functional state of the endothelium in experimental diabetic retinopathy was proved, as evidenced by an increase in the level of Willeband factor in group 2 (p <0.001), most pronounced in stage 3. The most pronounced increase in the level of Willebrand factor was detected in the 3 rd stage of the experiment (p <0.001). Analyzing the data obtained, we can say that there is a relationship between the development of hypoxia and endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of experimental diabetic retinopathy.


This paper explores a noxious relationship between the emergence of liberal free speech
online, and vitriolic sexual violence focused on women and girls. Internet forums provide
instant access to expansive audiences. They provide powerful means for anonymous users
called trolls, to amplify sexually motivated hate speech. In some cases suicidal deaths have
been attributed to vicious Internet denouncements of women and girls. Demands to cease
promoting gender violence online are often met with protestations invoking democratic rights
to free speech, or that vilification of others simply voices "controversial humor". In 2011 Mary
Anne Franks defined this type of liberal view as "cyberspace idealism". Franks has asserted
that cyberspace idealism presupposes that the Internet is the ultimate bastion guarding the
principles of equality and free thought. In social media such as Facebook and Twitter I
examine deeply ingrained cultural meanings of images that vilify women and girls online.
Through use of visual semiotics and feminist critical discourse analysis, I argue that the
intrinsic mechanism of sexual power play informing gender violence in the "virtual" world, is
embedded in "real" world language. It is amplified online at the expense of a woman's right to
dignity, privacy, and free speech. Patriarchal discourses that implicitly legitimate and
normalize misogyny on the Internet, can only thwart the possibility of a truly utopian and
democratic space existing in cyberspace.


The seaweed Ulva fasciata has many features favorable to integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA). It is efficient at biofiltering, shows high biomass production, and is rich in many nutrients useful in aquatic animal diets. We evaluated the digestibility of the seaweed meal of U. fasciata produced in IMTA and its effects on gastrointestinal transit time in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles. Juveniles (6.30 ± 1.80 g initial weight, and 5.5 ± 0.61 cm initial length) were cultivated in six tanks (50 individuals per tank) in a closed recirculating aquaculture system. The digestibility of Ulva meal was 57.92 ± 5.21% for dry material, 78.59 ± 1.91% for protein, and 69.87 ± 3.72% for energy. The inclusion of 10% seaweed meal did not alter the gastrointestinal transit time in tilapia juveniles as compared to controls. The earliest colored feces were observed four hours after first feeding in both treatments (feed diets with [10%] and without seaweed); all fecal material was colored after ten hours. The digestibility of seaweed meal was satisfactory for dry material, protein, and gross energy, and the inclusion of 10% of that meal did not change gastrointestinal transit time - indicating that the inclusion of 10% seaweed meal in tilapia diet is safe and without any nutritional use losses.


A keto surfactant (sodium 7-oxooctanoate) was incorporated into aqueous micelles of sodium octanoate. Infrared spectra of this system were recorded as a function of pressure up to 43 kbar. The extent of water penetration into these micelles is detected by the existence of hydrogen bonding to the carbonyl group at position 7 of the keto-surfactant molecule. The spectra show that there is a micelle-coagel transition at {approximately} 18 kbar. At this transition, water is removed from the micellar hydrophobic core. In contrast, the spectra of 5-nonanone dissolved in sodium octanoate micelles show that relatively low pressures (up to 5 kbar) favor solubilization of the guest ketone into the dry micellar core. Higher pressures force a translocation of the guest inducing a fixed immobilized bent {intersection} conformation in the lamellar phase.


4-(4-Chlorophenyl)cyclohexanol was synthesized from chlorobenzene,cyclohexene and acetyl chloride via Friedel-Crafts reation,Baeyer-Villiger reaction ,hydrolysis. By experiments utilizing an orthogonal design,optimum synthesis conditions of Friedel-Crafts reation and Baeyer-Villiger reaction were obtained. The total yield of 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexanol is 12.9%,which is 6% higher than the literature. 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexanol was oxidated with NaClO to give 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexanone with yield of 87%. This is a new synthesis route for 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexanone. The products were identified by 1H NMR,GC-MS.


Hepatic insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis in diet‐induced obesity are associated with various metabolic diseases, yet the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Here we show that the expression levels of the disulfide‐bond A oxidoreductase‐like protein (DsbA‐L) are significantly reduced in the liver of obese mice and humans. Liver‐specific knockout or adenovirus‐mediated overexpression of DsbA‐L exacerbates or alleviates, respectively, high‐fat diet–induced mitochondrial dysfunction, hepatosteatosis, and insulin resistance in mice. Mechanistically, we found that DsbA‐L is localized in mitochondria and that its deficiency is associated with impairment of maximum respiratory capacity, elevated cellular oxidative stress, and increased JNK activity. Our results identify DsbA‐L as a critical regulator of mitochondrial function, and its down‐regulation in the liver may contribute to obesity‐induced hepatosteatosis and whole body insulin resistance.—Chen, H., Bai, J., Dong, F., Fang, H., Zhang, Y., Meng, W., Liu, B., Luo, Y., Liu, M., Bai, Y., Abdul‐Ghani, M. A., Li, R., Wu, J., Zeng, R., Zhou, Z., Dong, L. Q., Liu, F. Hepatic DsbA‐L protects mice from diet‐induced hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance. FASEB J. 31, 2314–2326 (2017). www.fasebj.org


The topic of brand loyalty has been of great interest to marketing and consumer researchers for many years.Previous research has recognized that both brand trust and brand affect significantly predict brand loyalty judgments.But we have to acknowledge that previous work has largely been static in nature.This represents a significant research gap because it is well established that brand loyalty is a dynamic phenomenon.Based on this background,our study investigates brand loyalty and brand affect simultaneously as drivers of brand loyalty in a dynamic context.The fundamental proposition of our study is that the role of trust and affect may change over time.More specifically,we argue that regulation focus also plays its strong role at the brand loyalty development.For the different focus consumers,during the transition from brand trust and brand affect to brand loyalty,the role of brand trust or brand affect will become stronger.


The strong relationship between cultural value orientations and national affiliation ensure the stability of the nation. Group identity and cultural value orientations intensively develop during the youth period. The aim of the article is to empirical study of the relationship between cultural value orientations and the national affiliation of Ukrainian students of domestic higher education institutions. To achieve this aim, the questionnaire of cultural value orientations (Schwartz Value Survey), modified method of "Ethnic affiliation" and methods of mathematical statistics was applied. The study was attended by a students of higher educational institutions of Kyiv city, who came to study from different cities and villages of the country. It was established that all students provided the greatest importance to cultural value orientations of the pole with "egalitarianism", the smallest with "hierarchy". It was established that the largest number of students differ in the average level of national affiliation, much less – low and lowest – high. It was proved that the strength and direction of the relationship between cultural value orientations and national affiliation for students are different. For students who came to study from the cities, there are strong and positive relationship between the cultural value orientations of the poles "embeddedness", "hierarchy", "harmony", "egalitarianism", "mastery" and "affective autonomy" and national affiliation. For these students, the relationship between cultural value orientations of the "intellectual autonomy" pole and the national affiliation is weak. For students who came to study from the villages, the strong and direct relationship of the cultural value orientations of the poles "egalitarianism" and "embeddedness" and the national affiliation are identified. For these students, a strong and reverse relationship of cultural value orientations to the pole of "affective autonomy" with national affiliation is established. Also, the reverse relationship of cultural value orientations of the poles "intellectual autonomy", "mastery", "hierarchy", and "harmony" and the national affiliation is noted to be weak. So, for Науковий часопис НПУ імені М. П. Драгоманова


Introduction. 1. A socialist democracy?. 2. Is there a Marxist doctrine of the state?. 3. What alternatives are there to representative democracy?. 4. Why democracy?. 5. Which socialism?. 6. Is there a Marxist doctrine of the state?A reply by Antonio Negri. 7. Gramsci and the conception of civil society. 8. Marxism and socialism. 9. Marx and classics. 10. Marxism and international relations. Notes. Index.


In 2020, COVID-19 swept across the globe. To reduce the social harms caused by this public health event, nonprofit organizations (NPOs) cooperated with medical enterprises to produce reserves of emergency medical supplies. In practice, this cooperation was challenged by the different goals of NPOs and medical enterprises and the asymmetry of information between these parties. Enterprises are prone to irregularities or speculative behaviors that can result in insufficient production capacity during public health events, which increase disaster risks. Based on the principal–agent relationship of NPOs and enterprises, this study analyzed a game model between NPOs and enterprises under information asymmetry; constructed an incentive model for reserve emergency medical supply production capacity; and solved the optimal reward and punishment coefficients of NPOs, optimal effort level of enterprises, and benefits of disaster reduction. The study also verified the validity of the model using numerical examples and a sensitivity analysis. In taking up the findings of the study, this paper discusses the effects of several important exogenous variables on the optimal decision strategies of NPOs and enterprises and offers management-related insights for NPOs.


Background: Extensive use of air-conditioners (ACs) indoor as well as while travelling in cars has increased the risk of atopic sensitization and it may alter lung function as it not only controls temperature but also has a profound effect on surrounding environment. Objective: To evaluate the spirometry parameters of air conditioned car drivers. Design: The present study was carried out on 25 male air conditioned car drivers in the age-group of 20-40 years who were employed as AC car tourist taxi drivers since last 3 years and having exposure to ACs in cars for greater than 2 hours/day. Spirometry parameters such as Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1), Forced Expiratory Flow [FEF(25-75%)],and Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) were evaluated. The results were compared with that of the age, sex and socioeconomic status matched control subjects. Results: FVC, FEV1, FEF (25-75%) and MVV showed a significant decline in air conditioned car drivers as compared to controls. Conclusions: Air conditioned car drivers have significantly reduced lung function parameters compared to control subjects as measured by spirometry.


This paper reviews 40 full poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs) with regard to whether these strategy papers (1) recognize under-nutrition as a development problem in the country, (2) whether they use nutrition information for poverty analysis, and (3) whether the PRSP includes specific nutrition activities (policies, strategies, and programs) to deal with the unique nutrition problems in each country. The review shows that three quarters of the PRSPs recognize that under-nutrition is a development problem that leads to loss of human capital and/or productivity. Also, many PRSPs, either explicitly or implicitly, include country nutrition profiles in their poverty analysis. Consequently, a majority of PRSPs include strategies and specific actions to mitigate the effects of malnutrition. However, there appears to be little prioritization or sequencing of proposed actions. More importantly, the strategies and actions included in PRSPs often do not reflect an appropriate response to the nature of the nutrition problem in the country. In a quarter of countries with macronutrient deficiencies and about 40% of countries with micronutrient deficiencies, the PRSPs fail to address these two problems. Moreover, tackling nutrition issues requires greater institutional capacity and budget allocations than currently seem to exist. Gross mismatches between the causes of malnutrition and responses to the nutrition problem inevitably lead to a lack of impact and a waste of resources, which will further contribute to the marginalization of nutrition in future PRSPs.


This paper presents the main characteristics of corporate-territorial partnership in interaction of mega-corporations with regional economic systems of contemporary Russia. The author discloses the content of the phenomenon of bureaucratization of economic relations of corporate and regional economic systems. The basic indicator of diagnostic mechanism


Written by a leading Haskell researcher and instructor, well-known for his teaching skills, this clear-cut text will enable students to write simpler and cleaner code, and to learn how to structure and reason about programs.


Summary

Haemoperitoneum is a rarely reported but life-threatening complication of a multitude of disease processes that can affect horses. This report describes an unusual case of haemoperitoneum in a pregnant mare attributed to a unilateral ovarian haematoma during early gestation. The mare was treated with supportive care and discharged 8 days after initial presentation. Following discharge, the mare maintained her pregnancy to term and delivered a live colt at 321 days of gestation.


Since the brilliant discoveries of Bellingeri, Bell, and Magendie were published, much has been done by other inquirers to elucidate various points which were necessarily left by them more or less imperfect. These discoveries, however, still form the ground-work of all that has since appeared, and several of the seemingly anomalous results at which theirauthors arrived have been since explained by more minute investigation into the anatomy of the anastomosing branches or origins of various filaments. It will be remembered, however, that these original experimentalists did not quite agree relative to the function performed by those nerves which originate from the posterior column of the spinal chord; for, while Bell maintained that they were simply nerves of sensation, Bellingeri attempted to demonstrate that they both regulated sensation and so much of motion as to prove antagonists to those nerves which originated from the anterior columns of the chord. We shall presently see how far subsequent research corroborates or disproves either of these theories. It is to Brachet especially that we are indebted for the more consis-


As a photo-catalyst, nanometer ZnO is non-toxic, harmless and its performance and structure are stable. Graphene, with an unique layer structure, though has a thickness of just 0.335 nm, can provide a good plat-form for the adhesion of nanometer ZnO. Graphene is a good receptor, which provides a good platform for electronic transmission and suppresses the compound of the photo production electronic-hole. Meanwhile, graphene can adsorb certain substance contained in the antibiotic wastewater, which to a certain extent develops the efficiency and the adsorption of the photo-catalyst, and finally improves the wastewater. In this paper, the best condition to degrade antibiotic wastewater through single factor experiment and orthogonal test is that when the dosing quantity of the catalyst—ZnO/Graphene compound is 25 mg, pH is 6, reaction time is 4 h and temperature is 40˚C, the degradation rate can reach91.6%.


We present an analysis of graded-index segmented channel waveguides with z-dependent refractive index variation in the high-index segments, and explain the stability behavior of recently fabricated 'pearl chain waveguides' using femtosecond laser inscription.


S of the XXllnd Congress of ESAO Berlin, October 19-21, 1995 OVER ALL ANALYSIS OF THE TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART 114 GOAT SURVIVED ONE YEAR WITH 1/R CONTROL Y.Ab§., T.Chinzei T, K.Mabuchi, K.lmanishi, T.lsoyama. H.Malsuura, T.Yonezawa, A.Kouno, T.One, K.Alsumi, I.Fujimasa, K.lmachi, Inst. of Med. Electronics, Faculty of Med., & RCAST,


Currently, it is considered fundamental to improve students' views of the nature of science (NOS) in science classes. In addition, models are also important in science education, not only as contributors for students to develop their views of the NOS, but also for them to develop conceptual knowledge, as well as inquiry skills. Teachers greatly influence students' learning experience. With the aim to improve prospective science teachers' views of the NOS and about models, and to better understand the factors that mediate the translation of their views into their classroom practices, a research project was conducted. An intervention programme was applied, and prospective science teachers' classes were observed. Data were collected, encompassing a diverse set of data sources: (i) questionnaires and interviews (given to prospective science teachers before and after the intervention programme); (ii) prospective science teachers' lesson plans and portfolios: (iii) videotapes and observations of the classroom instruction; (iv) and, lastly, final interviews were given to both prospective science teachers and their school supervisors. Although prospective science teachers have improved their views regarding the NOS and models, they taught about the NOS and used models in very different ways. Some factors that mediate the translation of teachers' views and some educational implications will be discussed.


This research was conducted in the city of Machala April during the month until June 2011. Taking the following objectives:1. Assess the physical and the habitat of adult mongrel dogs in the parish Machala.
2. Assess the behavior canine with the C – BARQ in adult mongrel dogs of the parish Machala.The number of dogs investigated was 181, for the previous sampling proceeded to determine the number of dogs sampled in the parish Machala of the city Machala, once it was established through the canine population density according to set dog census conducted by Gallegos, we proceeded to negotiate the number of block to sample and whether it was more than one dog per household also performed a lot.To determine the physical and the habitat of dog used the following research instruments: log sheet that records the results of physical examination and interview the owner. For the assessment of canine behavior C –BARQ was applied ( Research questionnaire and assessment of canine behavior ), developed by the Center for the Interaction of Animals & Society, Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. Since the end result that only 2.21% of the canine population is without any alteration in their behavior, 11.05% presented good physical condition and 22.01% have a favorable habitat.


Two palladium-catalysed amination protocols are deployed in the desymmetrisation of the complex dimeric alkaloid meso-chimonanthine. The power of these transformations is showcased in an efficient formal and total synthesis of the natural products hodgkinsine and hodgkinsine B, respectively.


The gradual application of artificial intelligence has a significant impact on the production efficiency and technological change of the industry. Due to the difficulty of sample collection, high cost, and personal privacy, traditional industries face the problems of small samples and unbalanced data when conducting deep learning. Existing There is a problem that the generation effect cannot take into account the generality and rationality of the sample expansion method of. Therefore, a sample expansion algorithm based on the semantic extraction of the latent variable of the variational autoencoder is proposed, and the weight of the neural network is used as the input feature and the latent variable. Correlation measurement, obtain the dependency between input features and variational autoencoder latent variables, provide an important basis for assigning semantics to latent variables, realize explicit control of different dimensions of latent variables, and generate data that satisfies the overall distribution and is not included in the original training set. Samples. The results of sample expansion of the power grid database show that this method can effectively generate samples of specific attributes, and can solve the problem of small samples and unbalanced data to a certain extent.


This review for 1976 has been issued to, analyze and synthesize research related to the teaching and learning of science completed during the year. The'review is intended to provide research information for development, personnel, ideas for future research, and an indication of trends in research in science education. Research has been listed in general categories of: (1) Learning and Deielopment; (2) Teaching Methods and Procedures; (3) The,Education of Teachers; (4) Evaluation in Science Education; (5) The' Use of Media in Science Education; (6) The Concepts, Processes and Content of Science; and (7) College Level Research. In all, 327 separate studies are cited in the bibliography and most are mentioned in the' text. Many intermediate 'summations and generalizations are included at the end of sections and subsections. ,(HM)


The family medicine clerkship at the University of Calgary is a 4‐week mandatory rotation in the final year of a 3‐year programme. Students are given the opportunity to experience rural practice by training at 1 of several rural practices.


In order to keep the structural balance between the back crotch line and the back waist line in the trouser's pattern cutting,and accurately calculate the length of the extension in the back crotch line,a new formula was deduced from the geometric principle of the extension based on the idealized geometric model of the back crotch structure and the monotonicity and feasibility analysis.The results indicated that the length of the extension was related with the length of the waist arc and the tilt angle of the back crotch line,which shows a monotonously increase between them.The new formula can effectively eliminate the uneven angle across the waist and the back crotch seam,so it was tenable and accurate in the design of the trouser's pattern.


. We study hadronic decays χ cJ → K ∗ (892) ¯ K within the effective field theory framework. We consider the colour-singlet and colour-octet contributions and study their properties using (p)NRQCD effective theory. We show that infrared singularities in collinear integrals of the colour-singlet amplitudes can be absorbed into the renormalisation of the colour-octet matrix elements. The heavy quark spin symmetry allows us to establish a relation between the colour-octet matrix elements and to define the spin symmetry breaking corrections which are free from infrared singularities. We apply obtained results for a phenomenological description of the branching fractions.


Abstract : This report includes a survey of the factors affecting the performance of a filter. Although specifically directed at optical filters, most of the discussion is quite general, applying to the propagation of any wave in a medium with a spatially modulated response or susceptance. The intent of this work is to examine the factors affecting filter performance with a view toward perfecting filter design, to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between rugate index profile parameters and the consequent optical properties, and to guide rugate deposition experiments. A wide range of systems which are usually treated as unique share important features with optical filters. Examples are acoustic filters, electronic energy bands in solid, lattice dynamics, transmission line theory, and waveguide theory. This report begins to lay the groundwork for development of an optimum transfer function and to determine the appropriate values for the filter parameters. Keywords include: Optical filter, Rugate, Spatially Modulated response, Chalcogenides, Halides, Oxides, Dielectric constant, Raleigh scattering, and Wave propagation.


Review(s) of: Human Security for an Urban Century: Local Challenges, Global Perspectives by Maciek Hawrylak, Sarah Houghton and Robert Lawson (eds), Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada/Canadian Consortium on Human Security, 2007, http://humansecurity-cities.org; 112 pp., ISBN 9780978261009.


Abstract With cat. PdCl2(PhCN)2 and SnCl2, 4-pentene-1,3-diol caused regioselective carbonyl allylation at 3-position in DMF to produce 2-substituted 3-vinyltetrahydrofurans and/or 1-substituted 2-vinylbutane-1,4-diols, and cyclic carbonate of 4-pentene-1,3-diol caused regioselective carbonyl allylation at terminal 5-position in THF to produce 1-substituted 3-hexene-1,6-diols.


With the proliferation of internet technology, universities are investing in e-learning to enhance their position in a competitive world and to improve their students' learning experience and performance. However, the success of e-learning systems depends on student acceptance and adoption of such technology. Yet, little research has been done to verify the process of how university students adopt and use e-learning, particularly in developing countries. Also, it has been argued that behavioural models of technology acceptance do not serve equally across cultures. This study aims to extend TAM to include two other constructs (social norms and quality of work life) in order to better suit developing countries, such as Lebanon. Data were collected using a cross-sectional survey completed by 569 undergraduate and postgraduate students studying in Lebanon. The measurement and structural model were estimated and tested using structural equation modeling. The results of the data analysis reveal that all the hypotheses are supported. This provides support for the applicability of the extended TAM in the Lebanese context. Based on our findings, implications are that policy makers and developers should take into account that e-learning is not just a technological solution, but should also consider social and cultural factors.


Among the Tardigrada (Mammalia, Xenarthra), terrestrial sloths were very abundant in the South American fauna during the Cenozoic and were especially well represented in the Lujanian (late Pleistocene–early Holocene) fauna. The last systematic revision of the Pleistocene genus Lestodon from Argentina, Bolivia and Uruguay recognized two species: L. armatus Gervais, 1855 and L. australis Kraglievich, 1934. In this paper we revise the species of Lestodon and assess the possibility of sexual dimorphism in body size. The results obtained from a morphological study and morphometrical analysis of the skull do not support a distinction between the two species. Estimations of body mass based on tibial measurements did not support the case for size sexual dimorphism in Lestodon. Nor can this be observed in cranial dimensions. Consequently, it is proposed that the only valid species of the genus is L. armatus, the type species. We provide an emended diagnosis for L. armatus taking into account features found in specimens previously assigned to L. australis. Although the largest specimens of the genus Lestodon are from the current territory of Argentina, the average size of specimens from Uruguay is marginally larger. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:


Uplift pressure of dam affects the dam stability. This paper presents an analysis method for calculatingthe utmost uplift pressure beneath dam by a numerical model based on observed data in combination with proba-bilily computation. An illustration shows that it is feasible for evaluating the utmost uplift pressure of dam withcertain probability level.


Abstract: For political and economic crises as severe as Zimbabwe, domestic causes are central, but the conflict in Zimbabwe is not simply internal; it is regional and international and in that sense, it is a post (political) apartheid struggle. Taking an international perspective, this article delineates the context and the constraints on any government, labor or farm leaders in Zimbabwe, as they face enormous problems for land and economic reforms to provide food security. The first section gives the historical context of the current land transfers, analyzing that reliance on the market has not been the pattern of land reform in developing countries until the 1980s. Further, the study discusses how this market approach to land allocation and food production in Zimbabwe has been intensified by neoliberal policies, including both structural adjustment programs and recent international trade instruments. The conclusion analyzes alternative policies for food security which exist in the region, yet cautions that those policies conflict with dominant international agendas. ********** For political and economic crises as severe as Zimbabwe's, domestic causes are central. Yet the conflict in Zimbabwe is not simply internal, it is regional and international. In that sense, it is a post (political) apartheid struggle. Analyzing the international context of the crises is not to deny the importance of national policies necessary for the long term stability of Zimbabwe and of southern Africa. As the new Africa Union proposes, change must emerge from internal strengths and resources. [1] Taking an international perspective, however, delineates the context and the constraints on any government, labor, or farm leaders in Zimbabwe, as they face enormous problems for land and economic reforms. Harsh as it was to eradicate political apartheid in southern Africa, involving many deaths and torture, those involved thought it would be relatively easy in comparison with eradicating economic apartheid. They knew that this struggle would be very long and very brutal. By focusing on the international, this analysis raises the question whether any elected government in Zimbabwe can implement reforms, without equally fundamental change in policies of dominant powers, such as the United States and Europe. The first part of the paper reminds us of the historical context of the current land transfers, suggesting that the market approach to land reform (willing seller-willing buyer) is new. Reliance on the market for landed property transfers was not the pattern of land reform in developing countries until the 1980s. To summarize one example of the role of powerful international actors, the paper discusses how the US goal of land reform in developing countries over the past decades furthered US national interests. Today, the dominant US interest in relation to land transfers is to affirm the global market as the most efficient allocator. The study discusses how this market approach to land allocation and food production has been further intensified by recent trade instruments, such as the US Trade and Development Act (2000), the WTO (1995), and the EU/ACP Cotonou Agreement (2000). For Zimbabwe, land hunger, along with the economic structural adjustment program (ESAP), intensified real hunger. Again, focusing on the international constraints for meaningful post (political) apartheid reforms in Zimbabwe, today and in the future, is not to minimize the role of domestic corruption and political patronage play in increasing inequality. Without addressing the persistence of economic apartheid in the region and inequalities of ESAP, however, the current debates remain ahistorical. Reliance on the market for development in a region still struggling to integrate hostile, violent parties and implement precarious peace accords (Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola) abrogates basic neo-liberal economic theory. …


The Jerusalem mufti, Muhammad Hajj Amin Husseini, leader of the Palestinian Arabs from the early 1920s to the late 1940s, is widely known for his close collaboration with the Nazis during World War II. Aspects of the collaboration remain to be more thoroughly scrutinized.1 However, and without discounting his culpability for the collapse and dispersal of Palestinian Arab society (or al-Nakba, the catastophe, as it is called by Palestinians and Arabs), Hajj Amin's role in shaping Muslim perceptions of Jews might be a far more important and lasting legacy than his political activism in Palestine, Germany, or elsewhere.2 An important source supporting this fact is a booklet he authored for Muslim soldiers enlisted in the Nazi SS division in Bosnia.During the mufti's stay in Berlin in 1941-45, he befriended Hitler's righthand man, Reichsfuhrer-SS Heinrich Himmler. Himmler's fascination with Islam and the mufti's zealous support for the Nazi cause resulted in several common enterprises, notably the establishment of a volunteer Waffen-SS division in Bosnia, made up mostly of Bosnian Muslims, later named the Handzar division. Most books about the division display photographs of its soldiers-distinguishable by its insignia on uniform lapels and fez headgear- reading a booklet titled Islam und Judentum-most certainly the German version of the mufti's Croatian or Bosnian pamphlet Islam i zidovstvo (Islam and Judaism).In whatever language the pamphlet was originally written, the intended readers were Muslims (Bosnian or otherwise) and not Germans. This author has been unable to locate a German copy of the pamphlet, but it is reasonable to regard the text written in the language of the Bosnian Muslims (at the time called Croatian) as the most relevant. A translation of the booklet is presented below, followed by an analysis of its significance and far reaching implications.3Islam and Judaism (Islam i zidovstvo)For us Muslims, it is unworthy to utter the word Islam in the same breath with Judaism since Islam stands high over its perfidious adversary. Therefore, it would be wrong to carry out comparison of those two generally different counterpoints.Unfortunately, it is insufficiently known that animosity between Islam and Judaism is not of a recent date. It reaches long back in history, all the way to the time of the Prophet Muhammad. This short historical overview will demonstrate the importance and perfidiousness of Jewry and its animosity toward the founder of Islam, the Prophet Muhammad.Jews are known in history only as a subjugated people. Their vulgar4 nature and insufferable stance toward the nations that offered them hospitality, and toward their neighboring nations, are the reason that those same nations had to resort to [certain] measures in order to suppress a Jew's efforts to obtain his5 desire by force.The history of antiquity shows us that the pharaohs were already forced to use all means against Jewish usury and Jewish immorality. Ancient Egyptians finally expelled the Jews from their land. Led by Moses, the Jews then arrived in the Sinai desert.Arab theologian Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari [839-923 C.E.] narrates that the Jews even wanted to kill their leader and savior Moses when he came back from Mount Sinai. Because of that, God punished them, and they had to meander in the wilderness for forty years. It should have brought them to their senses, and the new generation should have been cleansed from the low esteem of their fathers.Following that, the Jews spread like locust all over the Arab peninsula. They came to Mecca, to Medina, to Iraq, and to Palestine, which is the land of milk and honey. The group of the Jews that came to Syria and Palestine was now under Roman rule. The Romans, however, soon discerned the peril that threatened the land from the Jews, and so they introduced harsh measures against them. Besides that, a serious, contagious illness of plague erupted, which was by common opinion brought into the land by Jews. …


In this paper,SiO2/P(MMA-MAA)microcapsule composite particles are prepared and a new ER fluid made up of composite particals and silicon oil are prepared also The mechanical property and material property of the ER fluid are tested The results show that the composite particles improve the stability of ER fluid and the shearing strength of ER fluid increases with the increasing electric field strength


Conservedquantities of a growing elastic roddynamics are studied on the basis of Lagrange equation. Several of conserved quantities and their condition of existencearederived, which expanded the concept of conversation from the time to the space, i.e. arc coordinate.Lagrange equation is applied to analyzed energy integral and cyclic integral. First integrals are of practical significance in both theoretical and numerical analysis for a growing elastic rod dynamics.


The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) has been studied on various metal electrodes including main group and transition elements in aqueous solution. Of these electrodes, silver and gold are found to have catalytic activity for the conversion of CO2 to CO with considerably high Faradaic efficiencies. However, no work has been done to evaluate the electrocatalytical property of these two electrodes in the same electrochemical system under the same condition. In present work, we investicate the electrocatalytical property of Ag and Au electrodes in the same electrolysis cell and under the same condition. We found Au electrode exhibits higher current density and higher faradaic efficiency for CO formation than Ag electrode.


Focusing the resources and actions of public authorities on the achievement of strategic goals of regional economy development is associated with the formation of substantiated ideas about opportunities and threats of its innovative renewal, predicted in the internal and external environment. Identification of the mentioned opportunities and threats, assessment of their power and probability are among the weakly structured problems. These problems are mainly expressed in qualitative features and are difficult to describe quantitatively. Their decision demands expert assessments. The article contains the analysis of the results of the expert group survey (32 respondents). The experts have assessed opportunities and threats to innovative development of the economy that are predicted in the external and internal environment of Russian regions. The list of opportunities and threats that are the most significant in terms of impact, probability of occurrence, and the consequences of such threats were determined. The levels of their formation and the parties influencing their implementation were identified. The obtained assessments allow increasing the validity of public authorities' decisions and actions designed to provide the achievement of regional development strategic goals.


This work describes the estimation of system states for WSCC 3-Generator 9-Bus system connected with SVC (shunt FACTS device). Bus voltage magnitudes and voltage phase angles of this test system are estimated using Weighted Least Square (WLS) and Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) methods of dynamic state estimation. Holt's two-parameter linear exponential smoothing method is utilised for model parameter identification required in EKF implementation. Performance of both estimation methods are compared under two disturbance conditions, vis-à-vis sudden load change and three-phase fault.


Clot stability is an important hemostatic aspect in treating patients with hemophilia A (HA). Effects of factor VIII (FVIII), recombinant activated FVII (rFVIIa), FXIII and tranexamic acid on clot stability in hemophilia had been reported1). Emicizumab (Emi), FVIIIa-mimicking bispecific antibody, is a recently approved novel therapeutics for HA with inhibitor. Although hemostatic activity of Emi was confirmed by preclinical and clinical studies, whether Emi-driven clot stability is similar to that of FVIII or not remains unknown. Furthermore, in clinical trial of Emi, thrombotic events were reported when high doses of activated prothrombin complex concentrates (aPCC) were used concurrently with Emi. Effect of aPCC on clot stability and its possible association with the thrombotic events should be also clarified. In this study, we investigated the effect of Emi on clot stability with a thromboelastometry (ROTEM) -based assay using tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) as a fibrinolysis trigger, and compared it with that of FVIII or bypassing agents (BPAs). Furthermore, we assessed the effect of BPAs on Emi-driven clot stability.
 Normal blood from healthy volunteer (n=22) was incubated with anti-FVIII antibody (FVIII:C <1 IU/dL), which was regarded as HA model blood. HA model blood was spiked with Emi (50 μg/ml), rFVIIa (22 nM), and aPCC (1 U/ml). ROTEM was performed with/without tPA (2 nM). We used ellagic acid (Elg, x300 INTEM®) as a trigger in addition to tissue factor (TF, 0.5 pM) since TF-trigger was not sensitive to Emi. Residual area under the curve in 30 min (%AR30) was used as a clot stability parameter. Median values (25-75%tile) of %AR30 were compared among the groups with Dunn's multiple comparison test [*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001].
 In Elg-trigger ROTEM, %AR30 of HA model blood had no values since coagulation did not occur within test time. However, coagulation was improved in HA model spiked with Emi and its clot stability showed slightly weak value with no statistical significance [50% (30-76), p>0.05] compared to normal blood [75% (56-90)]. Whilst, HA model + rFVIIa [13%*** (7-22)] and HA model + aPCC [41%*** (20-71)] showed significantly weak values, indicating that effect of Emi on clot stability was comparable to normal blood and better than BPAs in Elg trigger. Concomitant effect of Emi and BPAs were evaluated. Compared to HA model + Emi [50% (30-76)], clot stability increased in the co-presence of Emi and aPCC [99%*** (96-101)] but not in that of Emi and rFVIIa [53% (29-78)].
 TF trigger, which was sensitive to BPAs but not to Emi, was also used in order to evaluate concomitant effect of Emi and BPAs. In TF trigger, clot stability of HA model blood + Emi [31% (19-47)] was similar to that of HA mode blood [27% (20-44)] or normal blood [32% (22-55)], but increased in HA model + rFVIIa [43%** (30-62)] and HA model + aPCC [41%** (29-68)]. rFVIIa increased clot stability of HA model blood in the presence of Emi [56%** (28-65)] more than its absence. Effect of the aPCC in the presence of Emi [87%*** (78-91)] was much more remarkable than that of rFVIIa.
 In conclusion, effect of Emi on clot stability in HA model blood was comparable to that of normal blood, indicating that clot formation under Emi had no qualitative difference with FVIII. Clot stability remarkably increased in Emi in the presence of aPCC, suggesting that hyper clot stability might be one of the reasons of thrombotic events in the concomitant use of Emi and aPCC.
 1) Tran HT, et al. Tranexamic acid as adjunct therapy to bypassing agents in haemophilia A patients with inhibitors. Haemophilia. 2014 May;20(3):369-75.

 Ogiwara: CSL Behring: Research Funding. Nogami:Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties: Anti-FIXa/X bispecific antibodies , Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Kitazawa:Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties: Patents related to emicizumab. Shima:F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties: Anti-FIXa/X bispecific antibodies , Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.


Improvement of quality of fats can be carried out by change of triglyceride structure of oils and fats in the various ways of their modification. The work is directed on improvement of quality and maintenance of food safety of fat-oil, received by hydrogenation of cotton oil, by selection of scientifically valid highly effective technologies and catalyst systems. Object of research were the refined deodorized cotton oil, powdery and stationary floatable catalyst systems on the basis of nickel, copper and various promoted additives, possessing high hydrogenating properties. The stationary floatable catalysts, containing one and two promoted additives are analyzed. Catalyst hydrogenation of cotton oil were carried out in identical technological modes at which the basic properties of stationary floatable catalysts are established. Pressure of hydrogen has the greatest influence of fat-oil qualitative measures in the course of continuous hydrogenation. In these conditions, the greatest influence on selectivity of process renders a combination of the raised temperatures to enough high-volume velocity on oil. It is established that the optimal catalyst systems for production of firm food fat-oil of high-quality and food safety are powdery and developed stationary floatable catalysts on the basis of nickel, copper and promotor additives. Such catalyst systems have allowed to lower quantity of trance-isomerized fat acids in fat-oil to 5-7 % and to provide maintenance constancy of linoleic acids.


A new and flexible function to represent the potential energy interactions of diatomic systems for the whole domain of internuclear separations is proposed. This function is a member of a family of functions containing a product of an exponential and a polynomial. A method for generating the parameters of the new potential as a function of Dunham's parameters is described, without any fitting procedure. Coefficients for 22 selected diatomic systems with elements from the first to the sixth rows, including some ground and excited electronic states, are presented. To quantify the accuracy of the so constructed potential energy functions, the least-squares Z-test method, proposed by Murrell and Sorbie, is used. Furthermore, main spectroscopic parameters are calculated and compared with available data.


Technology defines our era. In the past few decades numerous innovations -- including ever-shrinking computers mobile phones and alternative energies -- have been introduced in homes and workplaces changing the way we live how we work and what were able to do. Bridging the Gender Divide: How Technology Can Advance Women Economically examines why technology is essential to womens economic advancement and clarifies how it puts the process in motion by showcasing technologies that have helped women in developing countries to increase their productivity create new entrepreneurial ventures or otherwise access new income-generating pursuits. This paper builds on ICRWs long-standing research and program work on the realities of what it takes to enable women to increase their resources and economic opportunities and strengthen their ability to compete in market economies. Most important it speaks to the growing number of actors driving innovation from the public private and social sectors with practical recommendations on how to improve the way technologies are developed and deployed so they benefit women and enable them to be more successful economic actors stronger leaders and greater contributors to their families communities and domestic economies. (Excerpt)


Business finance for Small and Medium Enterprise in Kenya is what determines their mortality rate. The objective of the study was to find out major sources of financing of SMEs in Kenya: the extent to which, formal financing were accessible in Kakamega Municipality. The study utilised descriptive research design which included surveys and factframe of selected from all the strata using the same sampling proportion (0.045). The analysis of data was done using both quantitative and qualitative methods to report the fin analysis in this study were frequencies, charts and cross tabulations. Qualitative analysis used a central tendency measure which was able to calculate mean scores on a likert scale. Qualitative phase helped to fill in the gaps an financing. financing as a source of capital for their operations, more than 90 percent of SMEs who sought for formal financing succeeded. These results showed that formal financing were significant to keep the business operational of SMEs in Kakamega Municipality. Overlap between various sources was observed indicating multiple sources of capital are adopted by a va loan from micro Major challenges that faced SMEs in Kakamega Municipality were identified as stiff competition, high running costs, low sal that cost of financing was high and was the major impediment to them seeking financing of their enterprises


This paper is written in the lucid and practical manner, which is an admir^fle feature of the style of the author. The distinction between specific ana other lesions of the mouth in infants is thus given : In syphilis, the coryza, which most constantly accompanies the mouth lesion, is much more severe, and the snuffling much greater, and there will be observed a ten dency for the lesions to develop at the angles of the mouth, and there to induce ulceration, which may extend to the integument. This is important. In syphilis, the focus of the inflammation is developed upon the tongue, the fauces and the region named ; whereas, in the simple form of sore mouth, the tissues generally, except the throat, are involved and the gums are affected, while they most constantly escape in syphilis. Again, in the simple form of trouble, the sulci between the lips and the teeth are often implicated, and in syphilis it is usual for them to escape. Taylor also calls attention to two important practical points: 1. The danger of mediate contagion, in children's hospitals and asylums, from the use of an artificial nipple upon which the secretion from the mouth of a syphilitic infant might be retained ; and 2. The danger of pronouncing the breast of a nurse free from syphilitic lesions, so long as there is a pos sibility of the existence of a chancre in the stage of incubation upon or near the nipple. Taylor's article should be placed in the hands of every physician in the country, who is connected with a children's asylum or hospital.


SOMEWHERE it has been said that history is the accepted lie. A harsh verdict this, and yet how often the student of history is surprised to find in contemporary newspaper accounts that facts are altered or distorted by the viewpoint or design of the observer. Certainly, political propaganda in the press is of ancient lineage. A three-year file of the Cumberland Chronicle and Whitehaven Tublic ^Advertisers a provincial weekly edited and published by J. Dunn of Whitehaven, England, was purchased by the author in Newcastle upon Tyne in the summer of 1954. Reading through the issues, beginning in November, 1776, the impression grew that this and other contemporary English papers represented a rich mine of source material too little used in American research. Newspapers, J. B. McMaster once said, best reflect the thoughts, the opinions, the details of the pulsing everyday life of a people. Excerpts from the Cumberland Chronicle help to recreate the viewpoint of the British rural public toward the American Revolution as it was influenced by the press. It is not surprising that bulletins from America dominated the foreign news in the pages of the Chronicle. It was not that many sons of Whitehaven were actively engaged in the defense of Boston or the fighting on Long Island. The casualty lists, when they begin to appear, are sparse and could not have been attended with the feverish expectation which greeted those of later conflicts. In the first place, war was then a gentleman's game, fought mostly in fine weather. Comparatively few people were killed. Moreover, in this American campaign a paternal monarch had contrived that the subjugation of


The paper deals with the study of linguocultural peculiarities of the hotel websites texts. The paper stresses the importance of creating the translated texts specifically intended for foreign visitors of the websites, the adaptation of websites to their linguistic and cultural characteristics. For these purposes when translating such a text the author offers to use the theory of dynamic equivalence which takes into account the difference of languages and cultures.


Empirical relations are provided which enable consistent determinations of wind terminal velocities for hot stars where only low-resolution IU E spectra are available. The calibrations are based on terminal velocities derived from the violet limit of 'black' absorption troughs seen in high-resolution IU E spectra of saturated wind lines of hot stars, and the corresponding wavelengths of the absorption minima and emission peaks in low-resolution spectra of C IV lambda 1550 and N V lambda 1240 P Cygni profiles of the same stars. The relations may be applied to low-resolution IU E data of extragalactic WR and OB stars, and the nuclei of planetary nebulae.