8063 Background: In B-cell lymphoma, overall response (ORR) is lower and progression free survival (PFS) is often shorter with each subsequent progression. However, this has not been described for PTCL. Methods: We undertook a retrospective analysis in two U.S. centers (MSKCC and UNMC) and in GELA studies. All data for PTCL were reviewed to collect data for each line of therapy: treatment, response, PFS, date of next treatment, and survival. When date of progression could not be defined we calculated PFS as the time to next treatment. Pts who did not progress, died during first line, or were untreated at progression 1 were excluded. Data were collected for 4 lines of treatment, front line and 3 progressions. Results: 254 pts were identified. 205 were analyzed (49 excluded for missing data): GELA 116, MSKCC 51, and UNMC 37. Diagnoses were PTCL NOS in 34% and 60%, AITL in 49% and 35%, ALCL Alk- in 3% and 5%, and others in 15% and 18% for GELA and US centers respectively. 67% were male, median age was 51 vs ...


PURPOSE
To evaluate the clinical effect of vertically fractured posterior teeth treated with elastic ligation.

METHODS
Eighty-six vertically fractured posterior teeth were chosen to be treated with elastic ligation for external fixation before root canal therapy (RCT), and then full crown prostheses were made for rehabilitation.

RESULTS
The success rate after 1 year, 2 years and 3 years were 97.67%, 93.02% and 88.37%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Elastic ligation for vertically fractured posterior tooth before RCT can effectively prevent tooth fracture during treatment and preserve the tooth for functional use.


The polarization of conduction electrons due to $s\ensuremath{-}d$ interaction in CuMn alloys is investigated. The uniform polarization due to the first order perturbed energy corresponding to the Fr\"ohlich-Nabarro and Zener mechanism is shown to be completely modified by the first order perturbation of the wave functions and the polarization is concentrated in the neighborhood of the Mn ions. At the same time it is shown that the Fr\"ohlich-Nabarro interaction is included in the Ruderman-Kittel result as one component. The electronic $g$-value of Mn ions and the Knight shift of the Cu-nuclei are also discussed from this point of view.


The "Green Revolution" (GR) is often portrayed as a humanitarian development programme in which crop varieties, cultivation practices and expertise were transferred essentially from global North to South. In this paper, however, I argue that this picture is seriously misleading for two reasons. First, it overlooks the significance of circulation between these regions. Several of the innovations central to the GR's high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice, for example, originated in the global South before being taken up by northern breeders, while important practices and experts were transferred between countries within the global South. Moreover some of the approaches to increasing smallholder productivity which emerged from the 1970s can be traced to encounters between northern experts and southern farmers dating from the colonial period. In view of these patterns of circulation, the GR is more accurately depicted as a collective undertaking than as a "heroic" achievement of the North. Second, the tendency to represent the GR –and development aid more generally– as a "gift" from the benevolent North to the needy South ignores the very substantial economic gains which have accrued to northern agriculture and industry by virtue of GR research nominally intended to benefit the South.


In the perspective of paradigm shift,this article reviews the studies on sociology of educational policy emerged in the west.It points out that the sociology of educational policy has overcome the limits of social policy research paradigms and made great progress in the research scope and topics.But the theoretical perspective and research framework of its own are still not very clear.Therefore there is not a shift in the paradigms of the sociology of educational policy.


ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in the experimental model of Achilles tendon injury. Methods: Twelve white male adults New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups, a group with resection of the central portion of the Achilles tendon (n = 8) and a control group (n = 4). Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was performed 4 weeks after the surgical procedure, followed by histological analysis of the tendons. Results: The main finding of this study was the difference (p < 0.001) in peak contrast enhancement on DCE-MRI, which demonstrated that the operated group had greater contrast uptake. The operated tendons showed histological disruption of their architecture, and cluttered appearance of tendinous fibers, with vascular and fibroblast proliferations. Conclusion: DCE-MRI is a technique with a potential to demonstrate changes in the vascularity pattern of the Achilles tendon before and after operation. DCE-MRI has a potential to be used in studies of tendinosis diagnosis and surgical follow-up. Level of evidence II, Experimental Study.


In the housing arena, vouchers have become closely associated with housing allowances – the widely employed means-tested payments to assist with the payment of rent or, for homeowners, operating costs. This paper is about the other housing voucher: housing purchase certificates. The paper outlines how these programs work generally and describes the specific features of programs in Russia and Armenia that have worked well under what may be considered adverse market conditions. The paper outlines some key issues for successful implementation and concludes that governments and donors should give greater consideration to the use of housing purchase certificates as a tool for encouraging home purchase.


A comparison between A(1) and A(2) processes, when used for describing the evolution in time of the global rate of return on investments made by an insurance company, is proposed. In particular, we compare the two processes analysing the parameter sensibility to the size of the sampling interval. An application shows the results. Finally the impact on the global riskiness of a whole life annuity portfolio is evaluated for both the two models.


One new furanocoumarin, 3′-prenyloxypsoralen (1), and two known furanocoumarins, imperatorin (2) and xanthotoxin (3) were isolated from the raw fruits of Aegle marmelos. The structures of the isolated coumarins were confirmed by spectroscopic evidence. Compound 1 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity against HEK293, HeLa, MCF7, and HT29 cell lines with IC50 values of 31.2, 44.8, 36.3, and >50.0 μg/mL, respectively.


An old Latin adage says, "Nature has made judges of all of us, but only a few artists." In this spirit it is that I would like to comment on Ackermann's interesting programmatic outline.

The present writer recently attempted to tackle one of the problems involved in desert sand sedimentation, not mentioned by Ackermann because he deals mostly with sedimentation in water, and has set up a morphogenetic function relating, tentatively, the shape Sx,tt of a sand grain at a certain place x and a certain time t to some ten factors influencing this shape. Ackermann does not mention the great amount of fine research done with regard to the role of size and shape in sedimentation.


The extended block replacement policy with used items as advocated by Tango (1978) uses used items of age T only although the policy creates used items of lower age. In this note we modify Tango's policy so as to make use of all used items created by the policy.


ABSTRACT This essay is an investigation of how the leader of Pere Ubu, a punk band founded in Cleveland in 1975, taps into subterranean traditions of American speech.


Marshall is a 6-year-old child who displayed significant symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, defiance, and temper tantrums since 2 years of age. Marshall lives with his mother, a single parent, and two siblings, ages 4 and 1. His problematic behavior, defiance, and argumentativeness were significant problems at home for his mother, which often made her late to work in the morning. These behaviors were also problematic in the evenings at dinnertime and at bedtime not only for his mother but also for the whole family. Marshall was also having social problems at school including being increasingly shunned by other children because of his aggressiveness and impulsivity as well as being defiant and argumentative with his teachers. His mother initially sought out her pediatrician, who indicated that Marshall was too young for medication and that better discipline techniques were necessary. Medical workup at that point was unrevealing of any significant condition responsible for Marshall's behavior. Marshall's mother continued to pursue a psychiatric evaluation for Marshall, and a formal psychiatric evaluation revealed diagnoses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), combined type, and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Paper and pencil instruments were used including the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham (SNAP) form for assessing ADHD and ODD symptoms. On the form, both Marshall's mother and teacher indicated that he was significantly elevated in both ADHD and ODD symptom domains, and target symptoms were identified: hyperactivity, impulsivity, short attention span, difficulty with follow through, defiance, argumentativeness, tantrums, and the beginnings of aggressiveness.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To stably supply a coating liquid having a prescribed viscosity to a die in a proper state by connecting a stirring part for adjusting the paste to a prescribed viscosity, a filtering part, a defoaming tank for defoaming and a paste supplying tank for supplying the paste to a coating part by a pipe line. SOLUTION: In the case of supplying the paste for forming a barrier for a plasma display panel to the die 210, a paste original liquid and a diluting solvent are fed to a tank 113 of the stirring part 110 to be stirred. After being stirred, the paste is sent to the filtering part 120 through the pipe line 161 to remove dust and aggregate in the paste. The supply of the paste to the filtering part 120 is carried out by nitrogen pressure from a nitrogen supply source 150. The paste 200 after filtered is sent to the defoaming tank 130 to remove bubbles in the paste. After that, the paste is sent to the paste supplying tank 140 and supplied to the die 210 through a control valve 175 at need.


This paper outlines our approach to a novel application of plan inference, recognizing the intended message of an information graphic, focusing on how results from research by cognitive psychologists have been incorporated into the design of our system. Our work is part of a larger project to develop an interactive natural language system that provides an alternative means for individuals with sight-impairments to access the content of information graphics.


We present Sentiscope – a prototype system for collecting, sentiment annotation and visualization of daily horoscopes from news portals written in Croatian. System architecture and evaluation is provided and the system itself is made available to users on the web. The sentiment analysis component is based on rules implemented as finite state transducer cascades in NooJ development environment.


In simulations of representative volume elements (RVEs) of materials with disordered microstructures, commonly used rigid and periodic boundary conditions (BCs) introduce additional constraints, causing: (i) boundary effects, (ii) unrealistic stiff response, (iii) artificial wavelengths in the solution fields, and (iv) suppression of solutions with localized deformation that otherwise may occur in the simulation. In this paper we define the minimal kinematic boundary conditions such that only the desired overall strain is imposed on the RVE, with no other undesirable constraints. We prove that such BCs result in a unique solution for the linear elastic case, and that the uniqueness for nonlinear problems is dependent on the pointwise positive definiteness of the incremental stiffness tensor. Upon incorporating the minimal BCs into the finite element framework, we consider, as an example, two-dimensional, linear elastic, disordered polycrystals and perform a systematic study of the effects of boundary conditions while varying the RVE size and controlling the sampling error. The results demonstrate that the minimal BCs, applicable to a RVE of any shape, are superior to other BCs, in that they give more realistic overall behaviour, reduce the required size of the RVE, and eliminate the superficial wavelengths in the solution field, ubiquitous in simulations with other boundary conditions.


Summary

The techniques of measuring oxygen concentrations, oxygen flux and redox potential have been adapted for use in lysimeters. The accuracy and precision of the measurements have been improved, as well as their convenience for use in the limited soil volume of lysimeters.

Concentrations of dissolved and gaseous oxygen are measured with a membrane covered polarographic electrode. The analysis is made on samples of air or solution carefully extracted from collection vessels permanently in the soil.

Oxygen flux is measured with bare platinum electrodes. Careful choice is made of effective voltage for the measurement of equilibrium oxygen related currents.

Redox potential is measured by the same platinum electrode and the reproducibility of measurements from permanently installed electrodes was assessed.

The effect of soil structure upon the three kinds of measurement was seen and attributed to differences between the volumes of soil sampled by the different instruments.


There is circular competition and distinct manufacture production in real estate market,which is magistral by increment real estate at present in China,so the real estate market is monopolistic.When making a price,the land agent will adopt some price strategy that is idiomatic by monopolistic manufacturer,for example,monopolistic price,following strategy when dominant manufacturer leading price,cahoot,price discrimination,predacity price and so on.Furthermore,the land agent found some unique price strategy,namely,interior of exterior effect,increment inducement of price,making short extrusion,leading spread of surplus requirement.Therefore,the real estate in China possesses biggish market influence.The government must take measure to guide the price of land agent.


Data collision in LR-WPAN(Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Network) causes retransmission of which energy consumption may reduce life of the entire network. Furthermore LR-WPAN is very sensitive to collision as it has relatively fewer frequencies of back-off retries. LCS(Limited Contention Scheme) suggested in this study is a way to transmit data by certain groups of the total nodes so that it can reduce possibilities of data collision and retransmission by decreasing the number of competing nodes. As a result LCS can increase a throughput and the life of the entire network. As using LCS in designing LR-WPAN in the future can extend battery life, LCS can be useful in any application that requires low energy consumption.


Based on the hypothesis of an additional electrostatic stabilization of the colloidal caseinate-calcium-phosphate complex of milk with a lack in the activity of calcium ions, the method of magnesium enrichment of milk proteins during their coagulation is proposed. The fact of the transition of magnesium ions added to the milk with a low concentration of calcium ions into the milk clot during rennet coagulation is experimentally confirmed. The possibility of enrichment of milk clot with other metal ions, for example with iron, is considered.


Transparent conductive oxides are materials combining great transparency with high conductivity. In photovoltaic applications, they are developed under thin layer for the realization of upper electrodes of solar cells. Among transparent oxide materials, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) presents unique properties, starting with its first qualities to be abundant, low-cost and non-toxic oxide. Zinc Oxide thin film was deposited on rectangular glass substrate by magnetron sputtering. After an overview of the properties expected for good transparent conductive materials, the effect of distance from the center of the cell on the morphology of the film was investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The scanning was done on different area of the sample as function of the distance from the central position of the direct sputtering jet. As far as the distance increased, it has been noticed a quasi-linear increase in thickness of the ZnO deposited film and a change in the grain shape from spherical to pyramidal with an increase in the size of the particles. Controlling the sputtering distance allows the control of texture, thus of the Haze factor, the photo-generation of excitons, as well the optical transmission of the TCO layer and finally an improvement in the efficiency of the so-built photovoltaic cells.


Basic dynamic web page development was a fundamental knowledge at Software Engineer- ing Vocational High School for professional web development. Research aimed for describe about teaching implementation on dynamic web page concept introductory, technical environment prepara- tion, simple dynamic web page development, dynamic web page function embedding, and dynamic web page testing. Research result showed: (1) dynamic web page concept introductory dominated by moderate category indicators, (2) technical environment preparation dominated by moderate cat- egory indicators, (3) simple dynamic web page development dominated by moderate category indica- tors, (4) dynamic web page function embedding dominated by moderate category indicators, and (5) dynamic web page testing dominated by moderate category indicators.


EDITOR,--Alewijn Ott and colleagues report their estimates of the prevalence of dementia in a suburb of Rotterdam and state that the fact that 27% of the potential population was unscreened was likely to lead to an underestimate of the …


The Souh African Academic Library Consortia has three phases: establishment of consortia - the power of connecting, consolidation and growth - creating value in the mind of the member, strategic leadership - creating value together.
The "high-road" to the future will be to Provide collective strategic leadership, to find research-centred solutions to common problems, to provide "incubators" for innovative projects / services, to motivate members to improve support for researchers, to assist to promote continuous improvement in member libraries, to facilitate strategic alliances and collaborative partnerships.


Objective:To explore the systemic regulation of factor for inversion stimulation(fis) on gene expression in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.Methods:The fis deleted mutant of S.enterica serovar Typhi was prepared by homologous recombination mediated by suicide plasmid;Pulse-field gel electrophoresis was performed to investigate the genome structure of the fis mutant strain.The gene expression profiles of wild-type and fis deleted mutant of S.enterica serovar Typhi incubated at log phase were investigated by S.enterica serovar Typhi genomic DNA microarray analysis.A recombinant plasmid,pBADfis,containing the fis gene with its own promoter was constructed.qRT-PCR was performed to validate the results of microarray in some selected genes.The effect of Fis on the motility phenotype was established by tests on semi-solid agar plates. Results:In the fis deleted mutant,the linear plasmid containing phase 2 flagellin gene fljBA was absent and the motility was also lost;gene expression profiles analysis revealed that expression of 94 genes were induced or decreased in the fis mutant at log phase;expression of the selected genes investigated by qRT-PCR was similar to the result of microarray assay;after complementing fis gene in the fis deleted mutant,the motility and expression of selected genes were obviously restored. Conclusion:Fis may play the central role in coordinating the expression of genes involved in motile,and in invasion or substance metabolism in S.enterica serovar Typhi.


By investigating the reaction diagram in its own right, it is possible to solve the problem of enumerating all the different types of mass action kinetics up to second order. The amount of non isomorphic complex sets for a given number of species and of non isomorphic reaction networks and reversible reaction networks which can be derived from a given number of complexes is given.


Sciaenid fishes are usually associated with large freshwater inputs and are the most important economic fish on the coastal shelf off mainland China. To compare the differences in ecological niche and resource sharing among different populations of Sciaenidae species, we collected samples of Larimichthys polyactis, Collichthys lucidus, Johnius belangerii, Nibea albiflora, and Miichthys miiuy from Zhoushan Archipelago waters from 2019 to 2021 and investigated the carbon and nitrogen isotopic values in muscle tissues, the contribution of each food resource, and trophic niche widths and overlaps. Significant differences were observed in both isotopes in the muscles of the five Sciaenid species. Zooplankton was a key food resource for all Sciaenid species. In addition to zooplankton, J. belangerii, N. albiflora, and M. miiuy also fed on benthos organisms. C. lucidus presented a wide trophic niche width and had extensive habitat use. The trophic niche occupied by N. albiflora and M. miiuy was narrow; they presented a high trophic level, with a high degree of trophic niche overlap. This study showed that sciaenid fishes have overlapping trophic niches due to their common feeding on zooplankton, and differences in body size, migration, habitat, and feeding choices led to the reasonable sharing of resources among the five sciaenid fishes, allowing the coexistence of these species.


The utility model relates to a steam turbo generator axial flow fan single blade blowing test plant. A cylindrical pedestal is installed in a wind tunnel in an iron weight mode. A fixing bracket is installed on the pedestal by M10 bolts through welding. A flange is connected with testing blades by bolts firstly, and then is connected with the pound scale of the wind tunnel. A lower end plate which is arranged with space between the testing blades is fixed on the fixing bracket by M8 bolts. An upper end plate which is arranged with space between the tops of the testing blades is fixed on the fixing bracket by M10 bolts. A baffle plate is spot-welded on the fixing bracket. The steam turbo generator axial flow fan single blade blowing test plant can do lift coefficient and resistance coefficient tests for a plurality of model blades, can effectively simulate the influence of blade clearance to fan performances, and realize the variation requirement of installation angle from 10 degrees to 30 degrees by adjusting the installation angle of the blade.


In the five communities of Urakawa, Sakuma-machi, Shizuoka Prefecture, we have taken measures to Prevent and exterminate ascaris infection, and at the same time studied the causes of infection chiefly from the point of view of environmental conditions. The percentages of ascaris egg-carriers showed a significant difference between 1) farmers and non-farmers; 2) families with and without night-soil; 3) amounts of detergent used for cleaning vegetables; 4) persons with and without experience of anthelmintic treatment.The group of families that showed extremely high rate of positivity were the farmers not provided with night-soil stores, and the farmers provided with such stores showed about the same rate of positivity as non farmers a fact evidences the appreciatng effect of night-soil stores. On the other hand, the rate of positivity among familis that have no night-soil stores but are in the habit of cleaning vegetables with detergent showed no significant difference as compared with the families provided with night-soil storesa positive evidence of the good effect of detergent.


With the development of the solid rocket technology, the single chamber,dual thrust solid rocket motor is often used in tactical missiles. To confirm the safety of the rocket motor,it is necessary to make a deep research on the heat transfer of the combustion chamber and the nozzle. An analysis system is presented in this paper,which includes computation of grain geometric shape,internal flow field,heat transfer and ablation. And a set of ripe software has been developed. An example of designing the safety thickness of the insulation structure and ablator is given. By comparig the calculation result with the practically thickness, the system is proved credible and convenient.


The application of interferometer as a spectral transducer in fiber optic sen- sors (FOS) provides the combination of high sensitivity of interferometric devises with absolute accuracy and reliability of spectral encoding. Different techniques may be used to analyze sensor's output spectrum. In1 an additional tunable inter- ferometer was applied to produce fringes of superposition. In this case, however, the severe problem of accurate measurement of the reference interferometer's opti- cal path difference (OPD) appears. It's overcoming results in dramatic sophistica- tion of FOS's optical and electronic processing schemes. An alternative approach deals with the straightforward and accurate detection of the output spectrum by means of micro-optic spectrometer with CCD photodetector. Recently, 2 3pressure and pe temrature FOS based on this principles have been reported' , but their measurement ranges werelimited by the single free spectral range of interferometer. Such performance produces an error when the change of OPD exceeds A, (where 2k, is the optical carrier wavelength). In the present paper we propose to detect simulta- neously several resonances of interferometer's spectral output and determine the number N of interference order for the exploited minimum (or maximum). This proce- dure provides the reliable fixed internal zero and the tremendous extension of the device's dynamic range.


OBJECTIVE: To show the clinical–surgical results related with two patients with Chiari I malformation and syringomyelia treated in Universitary Hospital "Manuel Ascunce Domenech" (Camaguey, Cuba) with reduced posterior fossa decompression focused mainly in achieving the restitution of normal cerebrospinal flow in the craniospinal union.
 CLINICAL CASES: Two female patients with cervical unilateral pain, accompanied by motors and sensitive dysfunctions in the superior limbs are presented. Cranial and cervical magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated tonsils cerebellar herniation of more than 5 mm toward the spinal canal with cervical syringomyelia. Posterior fossa decompression was carried out in both cases. Clinical and radiological evolution was favorable.
 CONCLUSIONS: In the presented cases, good results have been achieved with the performance of posterior fossa decompression and high cervical laminectomy.


One of the most controversial problems in neural decoding is quantifying the information loss caused by ignoring noise correlations during optimal brain computations. For more than a decade, the measure here called $ \Delta I^{DL} $ has been believed exact. However, we have recently shown that it can exceed the information loss $ \Delta I^{B} $ caused by optimal decoders constructed ignoring noise correlations. Unfortunately, the different information notions underlying $ \Delta I^{DL} $ and $ \Delta I^{B} $, and the putative rigorous information-theoretical derivation of $ \Delta I^{DL} $, both render unclear whether those findings indicate either flaws in $ \Delta I^{DL} $ or major departures from traditional relations between information and decoding. Here we resolve this paradox and prove that, under certain conditions, observing $ \Delta I^{DL} {>}\Delta I^{B} $ implies that $ \Delta I^{DL} $ is flawed. Motivated by this analysis, we test both measures using neural populations that transmit independent information. Our results show that $ \Delta I^{DL} $ may deem noise correlations more important when decoding the populations together than when decoding them in parallel, whereas the opposite may occur for $ \Delta I^{B} $. We trace these phenomena back, for $ \Delta I^{B} $, to the choice of tie-breaking rules, and for $ \Delta I^{DL} $, to unforeseen limitations within its information-theoretical foundations. Our study contributes with better estimates that potentially improve theoretical and experimental inferences currently drawn from $ \Delta I^{DL} $ without noticing that it may constitute an upper bound. On the practical side, our results promote the design of optimal decoding algorithms and neuroprosthetics without recording noise correlations, thereby saving experimental and computational resources.


One common practice when analyzing a particular cipher is the intentional weakening of the cipher to be studied. Not only does this make analysis feasible, it is also useful in that it may reveal weakness pertaining specifically to certain elements within the cipher. Such weaknesses can be used to attack a fuller version of the cipher, as well as improve the cipher's security by fixing that particular element.


This article describes the prepracticum teacher preparation program at Boston University called The Tuesday-Thursday Program. Students are bused to Boston University in the fall and spring on Tuesdays and Thursdays for regular physical education classes, where professional preparation and research also are featured. The halcyon years were experienced during the court-order desegregation program of Judge Arthur Gamty when he sought equity for all Boston schoolchildren. The Tuesday-Thursday Program became a centerpiece and, by and large, achieved its goals. A residential field experience was added after the first two years of this 25-year program and became critically important in helping children mature and change and in assisting Boston University students in gaining vital teaching skills. Considerable research has been carried out since its inception with such variables as decision-making, social closeness, equity, instrument development and validation, involvement, and writing skills. The program has be...


This article examines one positive result of the Smith decision, namely the rebirth of state constitutional free exercise jurisprudence, which had atrophied in the decades prior to the 1990 decision. Surveying high court case law from several states in the wake of Smith, the author asks whether state constitutions will afford protection to religious believers and others motivated by conscience at a time when religious freedom and rights of conscience are under pressure from those asserting competing "rights" of more recent vintage, such as "reproductive rights" and rights based on "sexual orientation." The author concludes that state constitutional free exercise clauses, especially those worded differently from that found in the federal constitution, may indeed afford greater protection, though how much protection remains to be seen as new rights jostle with those religious and conscience rights that pre-date the Republic for supremacy.


In a speech he gave on July 18, 1867, to the Phi Beta Kappa Society at Cambridge University, Ralph Waldo Emerson extolled nineteenth-century innovation and its effect on the individual imagination. ********** Great strides have been made within the present century. Geology, astronomy, chemistry, optics have yielded grand results. The correlation of forces and the polarization of light have carried us to sublime generalizations--have affected an imaginative race like poetic inspirations. We have been taught to tread familiarly on giddy heights of thought, and to wont ourselves to daring conjectures. (1) An author and philosopher who captured the spirit of the age in his writings, Emerson serves as an entry point for learning more about the affects of technology on nineteenth-century American society. Major changes were occurring throughout society, as the rise of full-fledged factories brought record numbers of women into the urban work force. The Lowell cotton mill in Massachusetts, comprised predominantly of female workers, was one of the most notable factories. Emerson, along with the workers at Lowell Mill, offers a glimpse of the ideals that shaped not only the industrial age of the nineteenth century, but the modern technological age. This article provides an overview of teaching and learning activities that combine both historical and civics instruction with the study of technology, in line with NCSS thematic strand (VII) SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY. (2) Specifically, these integrative teaching activities focus on Lowell Mill and Emerson, within the context of the profound political and technological changes of the nineteenth century. The activities are based on the premise of cultural historian John Kasson that "The experiences Americans have historically brought to their technology are profoundly rooted in their understanding of the entire republican experiment." (3) Below I provide historic background to contextualize republican ideology and its origins in the American movement for independence. I outline the ideals of a republic as conceived by Americans at the time and trace the conflict between agrarian and manufacturing interests in the young republic. Next, I offer two examples, Lowell Mill and the works of Emerson, as a means to explore the relationship between republicanism and American responses to technology. Lowell Mill, considered by contemporaries to be a "republican factory," offered an alternative to the poor conditions observed in foreign factories. Ralph Waldo Emerson described in his writings his internal conflict between elation over new technology and fear that it would impair civic virtue and personal freedom. For both Lowell Mill and Emerson I suggest relevant, digitized primary sources and discussion questions for students. Historical Background As industrialization developed, American culture came to assign technology with republican values. In the eighteenth century "republicanism" was not a reference to a particular political party. Rather it summarized the values of a republic and referred to both political and moral ideals. According to Kasson, "The notion of republicanism began with a conception of the relationships among power, liberty, and virtue." (4) The belief held that the delicate balance between power, liberty, and virtue was constantly threatened by power. In order to check power, people within a republic were called upon to demonstrate personal restraint. The notion of "public virtue" meant that individuals put the good of the republic first, over personal desires. Public virtues included "social service, industry, frugality, and restraint." (5) Ultimately, the eighteenth-century view of republicanism served to mobilize American dissent against British imperial rule. At the same time, it also led Americans to believe they were part of a radically new and fragile political and ethical system. …


I. General Surveys.- The Great Crash of October, 1929.- International Consequences of the Great Crisis.- The Influence of the Great Depression on Economic Theory.- II. Political Aspects of the Great Depression.- Government Action against the Great Depression.- Europe and the Great Crisis.- The Depression and World Policy.- Waiting for The World Revolution: Soviet Reactions to the Great Depression.- III. Specific Economic Factors in the Great Depression.- Agriculture in the Great Depression. World Market Developments and European Protectionism.- Agriculture in the Industrial Economies of the West during the Great Depression, with Special Reference to the United States.- Business in the Great Depression.- IV. Economic effects of the great depression outside the U.S.A. and Western Europe.- The United States and the Non-European Periphery during the Early Years of the Great Depression.- Then Came the Great Depression. Japan's Interwar Years.- The British Empire Economies in the Great Depression.- The Impact of the Great Depression on Eastern Europe.- V. Social And Sociological Aspects of the Great Depression.- Government, Labour and Trade Unions.- Trade Unions and the World Economic Crisis. The Case of Germany.- The Depression and the Intellectuals.- Biographical Notes on Contributors.


Aim to isolate and identify individual compounds of flavonoid nature from the inflorescences of spreading marigold (T. patula L.).
Material and methods. The research material was the inflorescences of T. patula L. of the variety "Mandarin", collected in August 2018 in the Botanical Garden of the Samara University during the mass flowering and fruiting period. We isolated individual substances by adsorption column chromatography on silica gel L 40/100 (Czech Republic) with subsequent recrystallization. For the identification of the isolated compounds, we used the UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry data.
Results. The dominant and diagnostically significant flavonoids of the inflorescences of the spreading marigold, patulitrin and patuletin, were isolated and identified. For the first time, the 6-methoxykaempferol and 7-O--D-glucopyranoside of 6-methoxykaempferol were isolated from this type of plant raw material. Quercetin was obtained in minor quantities. The results of the study can be used for developing the methods of identification and standardization of the inflorescences of Tagetes patula L.


This paper describes ongoing wor·k in developing a compositional tr·ace-based semantics and pr-oof system for· a real-tirrw language. The serrw.ntics models distrilmted processes communicating over asynchronorts FIFO communication channels. Sending processes can specify time-out periods for· individual messages. Messages not n:ceived within their· time-O'IJ.t per·iod an; 'lost'. Pmgmm behavior is modeled as tnu:es of coents, induding events (.mch as asynchronorts m essages) which occ1tr after termination. The proof system uses specification triples with explicit var·iables for time and progmrn tmces.


Chapter 2 examines Mansfield's contributions to the self-consciously 'modernist' little magazine Rhythm, edited by John Middleton Murry. Through an analysis of Mansfield's 'parodic translations' and short story contributions to the magazine, the chapter examines the ways in which Mansfield used Rhythm as a performative space in which to develop multiple authorial identities and cultivate different national registers in her work, employing parody, satire and mimicry as modes of critique. Whilst Mansfield identified with the metropolitan modernism advanced by the magazine, it is argued, she also sought to introduce aspects of cultural difference into Rhythm that challenged the spatial imaginaries upon which its discourse of communal affiliation had been constituted. As such, the chapter examines the ways in which Mansfield's contributions to Rhythm figure an ambivalent negotiation of the colonial/metropolitan binary, helping us to reposition her as a proto-postcolonial writer or 'colonial-metropolitan modernist'.


In computer graphics, any attempt to realistically visualize movement presents a major challenge. This is especially true for the visualization of facial movements because of a large number of muscles on the face that are responsible for micro mimicry on which the realism of facial movements depends. The paper presents a low-cost end to end system for estimating and transmitting human facial expressions to a digital character in real time. It comprises a station for analysis and processing of data, in which detected facial features obtained by recording a person with a camera are processed, as well as a station for those displaying movements on a digital character.


Objective: To show the efficacy and ease of our modified technique of constructing orthotopic neo-bladder after radical cystectomy for carcinoma bladder. Materials and methods: A total number of 76 patients with invasive carcinoma of bladder underwent radical cystectomy and orthotopic neo-bladder construction at this tertiary care hospital. We modified the conventional Hautman's technique. In this we constructed the ileal pouch first on the abdominal surface after making a neo-urethra utilizing a "U" shaped flap of dependent ileal segment. Then at the end of the procedure, anastomosis is performed between the neo-urethra and the membranous urethra. These cases are followed up at regular intervals with usual protocols with special stress on uroflowmetry and complete urodynamic assessment in selected patients. Results: Out of 76 patients who had a follow up of more than 10 years, only 1 patient developed total incontinence, which developed early local recurrence. Day and night time continence rates were ach...


We describe 4 patients with Graves disease who had abnormal increases of serum creatine kinase (CK) concentrations during treatment with antithyroid medications. Three of the patients experienced myalgia and muscle cramps. All of the patients manifested an increase in serum CK levels 1 to 3 months after the administration of antithyroid drugs. Thyrotropin concentrations and cardiac systolic time indexes during the elevation of serum CK concentrations were not consistent with hypothyroidism. The mechanisms are not obvious, but it is likely that the rapid decrease of thyroid hormones in tissues may temporarily cause hypothyroid states, resulting in alterations in CK concentrations. It is suggested that hasty correction of thyrotoxicosis should be avoided in susceptible patients, unless the thyrotoxic conditions are critical.


The 9th Biennial Meeting of the Society for Free Radical Research-Asia (9th SFRR-Asia) was held on April 4-7, 2019 at the Kyoto International Community House (Kokoka), Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan in the...


This paper examines Greek writer Eugene Trivizas's 2001 crossover animal fantasy The Last Black Cat, considering the implications of using the trope of the animal both to interrogate the construction of black cats as Other and to challenge examples of prejudice, or rather the grounds of prejudice, discrimination, and scapegoating. Extended consideration is devoted to the ways in which the narrative produces black cats as the marginalised and demonised Other of both humans and other cats, while at the same time it questions the culturally established hierarchy between humans and animals, and the paradigm of animal victim. It is argued that the focus on how the human/animal relations are articulated in Trivizas's novel makes it possible to perceive both the irrationality of the ideology behind the discrimination and the beast in humankind; in others words, by using misfortunes of animals as a tool for social criticism it subverts dominant discriminatory discourses and redefines prevailing ideas of humanity.


The invention relates to a suction pump, which is designed as a bellows pump with a fixed foot portion 4 and a thereto movable head region 3 and is disposed at a reservoir. 2 The filling insert formed thereby is then inserted into a dispenser housing. 1 An essential feature of the bellows pump is the fact that guide means 8 are provided, which prevent migration of the movable head portion 3 in a direction that is not the preferred direction valve V. This allows, in contrast to prior art, the safe insertion and the error-free use of a bellows pump in a dispenser housing. 1 Further, the invention relates to a dispensing unit, in place of a bellows pump inventive use.


PURPOSE: A naphtol epoxy/urethane modified acrylate is provided to ensure high refractive index, excellent adhesive force to various materials, and optical property. CONSTITUTION: A naphtol epoxy/urethane modified acrylate comprises a naphthol polyepoxy compound which has one or more acrylate group or metacylate group in molecule and contains at one or more molecules of naphthol; and a naphthol epoxy structure in molecules by reacting with a acrylate compound containing an carboxylic acid. The photocurable resin composition includes the naphtol epoxy/urethane modified acrylate, a reactive monomer with vinyl or acrylate group or methacrylate group in molecule, a photopolymerization initiator, and a reaction catalyst.


Abstract : Fracture mechanics-based multi-level computational modeling and simulation techniques were developed to predict failure strengths of composite scarf joints under tension or compression. Global, local, and element level models were used in the study to calculate the energy release rates at the scarf joints. The study showed that explicit modeling of the resin layer at the scarf joint, where cracks initiate, was important for accurate prediction of the joint failure strengths. In addition, the consideration of the joint interface slope in the fracture model was important especially for compressive joint failure strengths. In terms of the mixed failure criteria for crack propagation, the interactive biquadratic criterion was found to be useful for reliable prediction of joint failure strengths. The predicted strengths were in good agreement with experimental data, which were obtained for two different kinds of polymer composites: e-glass/epoxy and carbon/epoxy.


In the centuries-old history,human being create and operate the symbol system,create the character to note language,create the tangible carrier of character,such as oracle bone,bronze vessel,stone,bamboo slip,and so on.Transmission and accumulation of culture usually take literature as channel,the value of literature rest with the communication and transfer of information.Therefore,building literature preservation system,protecting culture inheritance is the obligation of library.


We report the synthesis of a series of six new soluble n-type conjugated copolymers that incorporate bis(phenylquinoline) and regioregular dialkylbithiophene in the backbone, the investigation of their electrochemical, photophysical, and electroluminescent properties, and their use as electron transport materials in light-emitting devices. Variation of the alkyl chain length of the head-to-head dialkylbithiophene linkage from butyl (C4) to dodecyl (C12) had little or no effect on the photophysical or redox properties of the new polyquinolines. However, the glass transition temperature decreased from 256 °C for the butyl derivative to 76 °C for the dodecyl derivative. A single-crystal X-ray structure of a model compound allowed quantification of the intramolecular torsion angles which explain the significant difference in optical band gap and redox properties between the head-to-tail and head-to-head polymers. The high electron affinity (2.88−2.97 eV), robust thermal stability, suitable solution processabi...


This study traces the changes in the birth rate from 1635 to 1993 in rural Concord Massachusetts. The first fertility transition occurred by 1815. The transition paralleled an economic transition from a marketplace economy before the American Revolution to a market economy in 1783. Fertility decline prior to 1815 occurred through individual fertility control and other social fertility-limiting controls. The population was premodern agricultural and relatively low income. After 1815 demographic patterns were responsive to macroeconomic and macropolitical processes: a stable long-term birth rate of about 17/1000 but with marked cyclical movements. During the settlement phase of the 17th century population growth in New England remained fairly stable at about 2.4%. During the 18th century until 1815 population pressure on the land economic change and the move to individualism rather than Puritan utopian communalism were accompanied by a decline in the expectation of life at birth an increase in marriage age and migration a "stagnation" in towns and nuclear village fragmentation. Evidence is presented to support the pattern of economic decline acting as a push factor to migration and reduced birth rates in towns. After 1815 Concord shifted to a more robust economy and the baby boom-baby bust cycle moved in "lockstep" with the 20-25 year Kuznets growth cycles. Three series of annual birth rates were constructed for each year between 1635 and 1993. Birth rate decline was evident during the economic depression of the 1640s which was precipitated by the Puritan Revolution and a halt to immigration between England and the New World. Recovery occurred during 1650-55 and then dipped again until the financial crisis of the 1690s. This rhythm of bust and boom associated with economic stagnation and economic growth occurred until 1970. After 1970 the birth rate dropped as baby boomers of the 1940s felt the effects of competition in the job market. Births increased during the 1980 Reagan-era economic growth. Possibly this foreshadows "the resumption of Kuznet-cycle oscillations around this new and lower level."


The alpine grasslands of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau are one of the most famous grazing ecosystems in the world, providing a variety of ecosystem functions and services. The rate of grassland degradation has been slowed by the implementation of national grassland restoration projects, but the degradation of grasslands on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau has not yet been fundamentally reversed, and some grasslands are still degraded to varying degrees. The main causes of grassland degradation on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau are both human and natural factors. Human factors include overgrazing, over-cultivation, indiscriminate digging and mining, mineral resource development, infrastructure construction and use, and tourism development. Natural factors include climate change, wildlife destruction, pests, etc. Based on the principles of restoration ecology, a number of effective practices and integrated management responses for restoring degraded grasslands have been developed on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The degraded grassland restoration practices include fencing, fertilization, sown grassland establishment, rodent control, and grazing management. Based on these practices, the comprehensive restoration of degraded grasslands and the establishment and sustainable management of sown grasslands in the alpine grasslands of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau should be further strengthened, and research on the mechanisms of grassland degradation and restoration should be further developed.


As one of important life line systems,the damage of transmission tower could cause great economic loss. According to the statistics,lost stability under dynamic wind load is one of the most usual destruct form in the construction of transmission tower. So,the research in this aspect is very meaningful. In this paper,we used the fluctuating wind field simulated by harmonic wave superimposing method,based on the nonlinear buckling analysis and the transient analysis package of the finite element program ANSYS,researched the dynamic stability of a transmission tower in Shenyang by two kinds of methods-Budiansky-Roth criteria and incremental dynamic analysis combining with displacement equivalency criteria. The results show that the dynamic characteristic of wind has a remarkable effect on the stability of the transmission tower,and the current criterion used in the design of transmission tower is unsafe.


In this paper, a fast algorithm is developed to compute two-dimensional convolutions of an array of d 1 × d 2 complex number points where d 2 =2mand d 1 =2m-r+1for some 1\leq r \leq m . This new algorithm requires fewer multiplications and about the same number of additions as the conventional FFT method for computing the two-dimensional convolution. It also has the advantage that the operation of transposing the matrix of data can be avoided.


The trend of using numerical simulations when designing buildings is growing with the availability of increasingly higher capacity computers and the prevalence of a performance-based design philosophy requiring accurate forecasts of structural movements under seismic stress. In cases where consolidated calculation procedures do not exist, these simulations often provide the only rational approach. There are many examples of this in the field of geotechnical engineering. However, the reliability of these forecasts depends on forming correct models of the problems, having advanced knowledge of subsoil characteristics, and most importantly, having valid calculation models which are proven through comparisons with well-documented case studies of full-scale construction projects. The need to "measure" the dynamic responses of structures has driven the scientific community to design and create different types of monitoring plans. Within this field of study, a seismic monitoring system has been installed for the construction of the "Casa dello Studente" (Student House) near the Campobasso campus of the University of Molise. The system consists of a retaining wall of reinforced concrete piles and the instrumentation consists of four inclinometer casings and eight customized accelerometer systems with two components installed inside two piles. This type of installation is one of the few examples of seismic monitoring on actual full-scale geotechnical works. Its purpose is to provide an interesting case study through which to calibrate simplified and complete calculation methodologies. The line of reasoning used to design and install the monitoring system is described in this article.


The aqueous doped CdS:Co quantum dots(QDs) were successfully synthesized by microwave irradiation.Meanwhile,the cobalt ions were rich in the core of the QDs and they would diffuse at the interface between the core and CdS coated layers by cation exchange,and the absorption and photoluminescence spectroscope red shifted with time.CdS:Co QDs was characterized by X-ray,and the result shows that the crystal structure was zinc blende.Compared with pure CdS QDs,the CdS:Co QDs have the excellent tuneable photoluminescence and stability/photostability.


The nomination of the Mediterranean Diet as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity is both a challenge and a great responsibility for the countries who have submitted the proposal. Promoting the Mediterranean Diet is an endeavour for administrations, but also for consumers. In the pages to come I will reflect upon its cultural values in connection with food consumption and within the context of a number of activities which shape the question of food. Special attention will be paid to the way food habits undergo changes in consumption patterns, taking into consideration how they are created and how they have developed over the course of history, as well as territorial, socio-economic, ethnical, religious and gender differences. The development of Mediter ranean culinary typologies and cuisines is also of significance, as is the role played by trade routes and markets in changing consumption patterns. However, such a rich and complex legacy is difficult to characterize and disseminate. Everybody talks about the Mediterranean Diet but, why does UNESCO consider it an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Urgent Safeguarding? and how should this heritage be preserved? What ideas and attitudes should be conveyed to consumers? This article is an attempt to make headway in this direction, facilitating the understanding of this message so that the bequest values of the Mediterranean Diet, in this case, can be better understood and promoted.


Automated tiered storage with fast memory and slow flash storage (ATSMF) is a hybrid storage system located between non-volatile memories (NVMs) and solid state drives (SSDs). ATSMF aims to reduce average response time for inputoutput (IO) accesses by migrating concentrated IO access areas from SSD to NVM. However, the current ATSMF implementation cannot reduce average response time sufficiently because of the bottleneck caused by the Linux brd driver, which is used for the NVM access driver. The response time of the brd driver is more than ten times larger than memory access speed. To reduce the average response time sufficiently, we developed a block-level driver for NVM called a "two-mode (2M) memory driver." The 2M memory driver has both the. map IO access mode and direct IO access mode to reduce the response time while maintaining compatibility with the Linux device-mapper framework. The direct IO access mode has a drastically lower response time than the Linux brd driver because the ATSMF driver can execute the IO access function of 2M memory driver directly. Experimental results also indicate that ATSMF using the 2M memory driver reduces the IO access response time to less than that of ATSMF using the Linux brd driver in most cases.


A computer program running under X-windows on any unix system has been developed for the visualization of symmetry in reciprocal space using reduced data from crystal measurements. The program was demonstrated using a test crystal of the inclusion compound of camphor(+) in thiourea, in the moderately high symmetry space group R32. The results indicate the usefulness of the visualization approach to both the determination of space group symmetry, and for the teaching of space group symmetry in reciprocal space to students. The program is freely available from the author, or at ftp://hobbes.gh.wits.ac.za/pub/sysabs.


Objective To explore the protective effect of ginsenoside on lung reperfusion injury and lung preservation in a isolated lung reperfusion model. Methods Twenty rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. In control group, the lungs were flushed and preserved with low potassium dextran solution(LPD) containing PGE1, and in treated group, 0.08 mg/ml ginsenoside were added. The lungs were preserved at 4 ℃ for 12 h and reperfused with whole blood for pulmonary functional assessment. During reperfusion, PVR and PO2 were measured. After reperfusion, the content of lung water, nitric oxide(NO), superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. The lung apoptotic cells were stained by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL) technique. Light microscopic and ultrastructural changes were also examined. Results The PVR and LW were significantly lower in treated group than in control group. The PO2 was much higher in treated group than in control group. The content of NO and SOD in treated group were significantly higher than in control group but the content of MDA was adverse. The apoptosis index(AI) of lung cells was markedly reduced in treated group than in control group. The morphologic and ultrastructural damages in treated group were significantly milder than in control group. Conclusion Ginsenoside can attenuate the lung ischemic reperfusion injury, and improve the protective effect on the preservative lung.


Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Tripterygium Glycosides(TG) on rheumatoid arthritis(RA) rat model,explore the pathogenesis of RA,and study the pharmaco-mechanism of Tripterygium Glycosides.The study could provide experimental datas for TG clinical use on RA.Methods The chicken II collagen was used to induce RA to established collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) rat model.The levels of IL-10 in rat's blood and synovial fluid were determined using Enzyme-linked immunoassay method(ELISA).Results The mass of lymphocytes of CIA groups were significantly higher than normal group(P0.05).TG treated group has similar mass lymphocytes to normal group.ELISA results indicated that the concentration of IL-10 in serum and synovial fluid of CIA group were significantly lower than that in normal group.However,the concentration of IL-10 could be improved to normal level by applying TG.Conclusion TG could potentially alleviate articular damage of adjuvant induced arthritis(AA) rats,TG also could improved the concentration of IL-10 in serum and synovial fluid.


Speculative multithreading (SpMT) is a thread level automatic parallelization technique to accelerate sequential programs. Since approaches based on heuristic rules only get the local optimal speculative thread solution and have reached their speedup performance limit, machine learning approaches have been introduced into speculative multithreading to avoid the shortcomings of the heuristic rules relied on experience. However, few irregular programs can meet the need for training model of machine learning. To solve this problem, we first build feature sets based on Olden benchmarks and then disturb them into new sets. With the new sets, virtual samples are generated by abstract syntax trees (ASTs). By this means, we effectively resolve the shortage of samples for speculative multithreading based on machine learning. On Prophet, which is a generic SpMT processor to evaluate the performance of multithread programs, the validity of virtual samples is verified and reaches an average speedup of 1.47. Experiments show that the virtual samples can simulate a variety of procedure structures of Olden benchmarks and this sample generation technique can provide sufficient samples for training model.


Introduction Many deaths in the world are caused by infectious diseases and the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains. Therefore, one of the best ways to encounter them is through vaccination. There are various types of vaccines. However, Different vaccines can cause different adverse reactions that are caused by vaccination. The escape from the immune system by pathogens often makes difficult vaccine development. Chimeric proteins carry epitopes from various pathogens, linkers, or adjuvant sequences offer increased immunogenicity for recombinant antigens and can also produce widespread immune responses. Utilization of vaccination in opposition with wide spread diseases has resulted in significant step in the combat against many infectious diseases. Operation of recombinant DNA has led to a new concept in vaccination in which isolated epitopes, capable of stimulating a protective immune responses and avoid undesirable ones, have been identified. In this review article, the various aspects of recombinant vaccines are discussed.


If Papadakis had begun by describing the rise of an ecological world-view, the beginnings of a new way of seeing 'nature', from within an older, scientific one, if he had begun with Rachael Carson and Silenr Spring instead of Jack Keroauc, he might have been in a better position to understand the splits currently affecting the West German Green Party. He devotes one chapter to discussing these conflicts between 'fundamentalist', utopian and pragmatic tendencies within the party, but his discussion is largely descnptive, rather than analytic. However, it is this


The Alkaline Province Rio Verde Ipora, in the north border of the Parana Basin is characterized by the presence of alkaline intrusions with strong gravity and magnetic signature. This project implemented a gravity survey in the Southwest of Goias, including a detail one on Morro do Engenho Complex (ME), and one a few kilometers towards NE from ME over an aeromagnetic anomaly known as A2, and over a gravity anomaly close to Britânia city. ME and A2 have magnetic anomaly. The gravity anomalies vary from 15 to 30 mGal in relation to the regional gravity field, while the magnetic anomalies are of the order ±3000nT. Measurements of petrophysical properties of samples from the area were also done. The results present the inversion of the gravity and magnetic data, suggesting that the bodies are inside of the superior crust until the maximum depth of 10 km, in a cylindrical form with 8 to 10 km in diameter. 2.5D direct modeling was also done for ME including remanent magnetization and was performed at the two data sets together, the obtained results indicate that the close volume of the anomalous body it's 980 km.


Upgrading a linear classifier to a nonlinear one leads to statistical or computational compromise. For example, lifting its dimension, as in kernel methods, may lead to overfitting. Nonconvex optimization algorithms, used for (deep) neural networks or decision trees, may not obtain high-quality solutions or even converge. Similarly, boosting can get stuck on increasingly difficult subproblems. We avoid concerns about overfitting and convergence with new nonlinear classifiers — smooth lists of halfspaces — and a new learning algorithm — the sequence of averages. Smooth lists have unbounded depth, yet do not need more data, in the worst case, than single linear classifiers. Theory suggests the algorithm never gets prematurely stuck and monotonically improves the classifier. In experiments inspired by challenging problems in computational learning theory, it performs well when only a moderate amount of data and time are available, and there is non-trivial noise or inconsistency. At a high level, we isolate a kind of deep learning which is easier to reason about but retains some of the advantages of depth.


Inclusions in bearing steels from four special steel works were investigated and the influence of basicity of refining slag on types of inclusions in bearing steel was analyzed The samples were made into slice The types of inclusions were observed and the quantity and size of inclusions were measured by microscopy The results show that the inclusions in bearing steel with low oxygen are MnS containing Cr and Fe, TiN and MgO·Al 2O 3 spinel with different MgO contents under refining with high basicity (CaO/SiO 2=3~4 5) slag The globular inclusion of CaO Al 2O 3 is not detected in the steels MgO content in MgO·Al 2O 3 spinel is enhanced with increase of slag basicity and decrease of oxygen in steels MgO·Al 2O 3 spinel contains CaO when CaO/SiO 2 of slag is up to 4 5


Paramecia have been used as experimental animals in many fields of biology, including bacteriology and immunology. The use of protozoa to reveal protoplasmic response has many advantages, not the least of which is the ease with which they may be cultivated in large numbers and subjected to study. They react admirably to physical and chemical changes in their environment. They can be observed microscopically over varying periods of time, and long before death occurs changes within their substance can be noted. Furthermore, the fact that one may so adjust their environment that it plays little, if any, role in their activity makes it possible for the investigator to assume that any extraneous, added substance placed in that environment is the cause of the effect observed. And yet simple as these animalcules seem to be physiologically, Metalnikov (1926) has demonstrated that they may be "educated" to such an extent that they show an elective behavior toward insoluble substances, such as carmine particles, sulphur, and India ink. Despite the fact that bacteria, particularly the members of the subtilis group (Hargitt and Fray, 1917), are their main source of food, paramecia can be rendered bacteriologically sterile in a short time. Once this is accomplished, they can be used in the study of many problems encountered in phenomena of infectious disease. For example, the effect of serological systems, that is, the union of antigen with antibody within protoplasm may be observed (Rakieten, 1928). And, obviously, it is simple to determine the effect of bacterial metabolic products with which they are not ordinarily in contact (Philpott, 1930). Such studies might reveal not only hitherto unknown differences in bacterial derivatives, but also the nature of these agents which attack protoplasm simply because it is protoplasm, differentiating them from those other substances which exhibit an elective affinity for certain types of protoplasm. The fact that large numbers of a single species of paramecium were available as experimental animals, coupled with the idea that they might respond more delicately to the changes which accompany bacteriophage phenomena led to their use in this investigation.


Wind tunnel measurements have been made of the streamwise mean and turbulent velocities over a rough, bell-shaped, two-dimensional hill, with height h and maximum slope 0.26, placed in a neutrally stable boundary layer of thickness 10 h and roughness length zo = 0.02 h. Close agreement is found between the mean velocity and predictions obtained from Taylor's (1977) computational model and Jackson and Hunt's (1975) analytical linearized model, for locations at or upwind of the hill top but not in the wake. Examination of the models shows that the shear stresses are only important in an inner region close to the hill surface, so that, as suggested by Jackson and Hunt (1975), the perturbation to the mean flow outside this region is essentially inviscid. the theory shows that over very rough surfaces, such as wooded or urban terrain, the height of this inner region can be of the same order as the height of the roughness elements (so that in our experiments no measurements could be made in this region).

In a second experiment flow over a smooth hill on a rough surface was studied. the additional increase of wind speed over the hill top can be estimated by assuming a linear superposition of the velocity changes produced by the changes in elevation and in surface roughness (in this case rough to smooth). In the lee of a hill, however, the change in roughness significantly alters the flow with flow separation being suppressed and here a linear superposition is not appropriate.

Finally we consider why observed changes in turbulence structure close to the surface differ from those well above the surface. Calculations of these changes based on the simple theoretical arguments of equilibrium shear layers and rapidly distorted turbulent flows agree well with turbulence measurements in wind tunnels and in the field.


This paper aims to explore the relationship between gender and artificial intelligence. It begins by addressing AI and the possibilities and questions that emerge with its evolution and integration in daily life. It then examines gender in light of a binary framework, in order to understand its role in social, cultural and work related contexts. These topics are then related, seeking to understand how and why chatbots and digital assistants such as Siri, Alexa or Cortana tend to display feminine attributes. Complementing this discussion, the project Conversations with ELIZA is presented as an exploration of femininity in AI through the development of four chatbots integrated into a web-based platform. Each of these bots performs specific tasks that seem to highlight particular gender stereotypes or even reflect common assumptions about femininity back to its user. In this manner, this study aims to question whether artificial intelligence tends to reinforce traditional and normative notions of gender and femininity.


Since 1991,90 cochlear implantations have been perfonned in the " cochlear center" of our department, including 57 children. This paper presents the results of 57 children who underwent cochlear implantation in the Iranian pediatric cochlear implant program. The surgical technique is described below. No flap problems were encountered, and no cholesteatoma or other complication was seen. In one child secondary operation was required due to fracture of the electrode array.


Does your company aspire to be its industry leader? The author hopes so, because to be world class, a company must be a leader.

However, many companies still seem content to follow the lead of others when it comes to making key organizational decisions. And one of the most damaging follower afflictions, the author argues, is a disease he calls "best practicism."

Does your company suffer from this malady? Why is it so bad—and what can you do about it? © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The Value-Added Tax Act does not provide for specific place-of-supply-rules. Where these rules have been incorporated into the Act, they have been couched in vague general terms not designed to meet the requirements of an electronic era. In terms of section 7(1)(c) of the VAT Act read with the definition of 'imported services' in section 1, VAT must be levied and accounted for on imported services in so far as the services are 'utilised and consumed' in the Republic.


The present invention relates to a method to help weight management and glycemic control, composition, as well as processed foods and food. In one embodiment, the present invention is before or during a meal comprising the edible polymer hydrogel to swell in the stomach and / or small intestine is administered orally, induction of weight loss in a subject, maintaining body weight, enhance or provide method of glycemic control I will provide a. Preferably, administering a sufficient amount of edible polymer hydrogel to slow the absorption of carbohydrates and fats in gastric emptying and small intestine. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION None


To promote wildlife conservation,three surveys of reptile resources have been carried out at Taohongling Sika Deer National Nature Reserve of Jiangxi Province from 2005 to 2006.The results show: 27 species belonging to 9 families,3 orders are recorded.The herpetofauna is mainly composed of species distributed both Central-China and SouthChina region,and a few widespread species,no Palaearctic Realm species.This feature is identical with the zoogeographic division of this area belonging to the Eastern hill and Campagna subregion,Central China region,Oriental Realm.Boiga kraepelini,Elaphe taeniura,Enhydris chinensis,Ptyas mucosus and Naja atra are the new reptile records in the Campagna region of the northern Jiangxi.According to the results of the surveys,the distribution and the status of reptile resources are discussed.At last,some advice about the wildlife conservation and management of the nature reserve are suggested.


The purpose of the research
is to develop a universal algorithm for partial texture segmentation of any
visual images. The main peculiarity of the proposed segmentation procedure is
the extraction of only homogeneous fine-grained texture segments present in the
images. At first, an initial seed point is found for the largest and most
homogeneous segment of the image. This initial seed point of the segment is
expanded using a region growing method. Other texture segments of the image are
extracted analogously in turn. At the second stage, the procedure of merging
the extracted segments belonging to the same texture class is performed. Then,
the detected texture segments are input to a neural network with competitive
layers which accomplishes more accurate delineation of the shapes of the
extracted texture segments. The proposed segmentation procedure is fully
unsupervised, i.e.,
it does not use any a priori knowledge on either the type of textures or the
number of texture segments in the image. The research results in development of
the segmentation algorithm realized as a computer program tested in a series of
experiments that demonstrate its efficiency on grayscale natural scenes.


In concert halls the walls are always thought to be the most important elements for effective early reflections, while usually in a vineyard hall people may find the area of roof ceiling is comparatively larger than walls. Thus their contents of early reflections are different, both in time and energy domain. Using computer model with ODEON, the prototype of vineyard hall developed in pilot projects was compared with four selected successful shoebox halls in similar volume or seating capacity, the acoustic performance including the strength and balance are considered. The study is focus on the amount and direction of early reflections after direct sound arrived, displayed in three different time window. The effects of altering the distribution curve of statistical free path length by changing geometric characters of prototype were also observed.


The spectrum of three times ionized calcium emitted from sliding spark discharges has been observed using 3-m normal incidence spectographs and a 2-m Ebert spectrograph. More than 500 lines have been identified in the wavelength region 295 Å to 2830 Å as combinations between 106 levels of the configurations 3s2 3p5, 3s3p6, 3s23p43d, 4s, 4p, 4d, 5s and 3s3p5 3d. The level structure has been theoretically interpreted by means of calculations including configuration interactions. Energy parameters determined from least-squares fits to the observed level values are compared with theoretical values obtained with Hartree-Fock wavefunctions from the Cowan computer code.


Since its introduction in DSM-III in 1980, attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has proved to be a developmental disorder with many causes and complex behavioral, cognitive, and emotional manifestations that can impair academic functioning, occupational achievement, social relationships, and self-esteem.


Recent radio polarization observations have revealed a ple- thora of unexpected features in the polarized Galactic radio background that arise from propagation effects in the random (turbulent) interstel- lar medium. The canals are especially striking among them, a random network of very dark, narrow regions clearly visible in many directions against a bright polarized Galactic synchrotron background. There are no obvious physical structures in the ISM that may have caused the canals, and so they have been called Faraday ghosts. They evidently carry information about interstellar turbulence but only now is it be- coming clear how this information can be extracted. Two theories for the origin of the canals have been proposed; both attribute the canals to Faraday rotation, but one invokes strong gradients in Faraday rotation in the sky plane (specifically, in a foreground Faraday screen) and the other only relies on line-of-sight effects (differential Faraday rotation). In this review we discuss the physical nature of the canals and how they can be used to explore statistical properties of interstellar turbu- lence. This opens studies of magnetized interstellar turbulence to new methods of analysis, such as contour statistics and related techniques of computational geometry and topology. In particular, we can hope to measure such elusive quantities as the Taylor microscale and the effective magnetic Reynolds number of interstellar MHD turbulence.


Solid and liquid radioactive waste continues to be stored in 149 single-shell tanks at the Hanford Site. To date, 119 tanks have had most of the pumpable liquid removed by interim stabilization. Thirty tanks remain to be stabilized. One of these tanks (C-106) will be stabilized by retrieval of the tank contents. The remaining 29 tanks will be interim stabilized by saltwell pumping. In the summer of 1997, the US Department of Energy (DOE) placed a moratorium on the startup of additional saltwell pumping systems because of funding constraints and proposed modifications to the Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (Tri-Party Agreement) milestones to the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology). In a letter dated February 10, 1998, Final Determination Pursuant to Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (Tri-Party Agreement) in the Matter of the Disapproval of the DOE`s Change Control Form M-41-97-01 (Fitzsimmons 1998), Ecology disapproved the DOE Change Control Form M-41-97-01. In response, Fluor Daniel Hanford, Inc. (FDH) directed Lockheed Martin Hanford Corporation (LNMC) to initiate development of a project plan in a letter dated February 25, 1998, Direction for Development of an Aggressive Single-Shell Tank (SST) Interim Stabilization Completion Project Plan in Support of Hanfordmore » Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (Tri-Party Agreement). In a letter dated March 2, 1998, Request for an Aggressive Single-Shell Tank (SST) Interim Stabilization Completion Project Plan, the DOE reaffirmed the need for an aggressive SST interim stabilization completion project plan to support a finalized Tri-Party Agreement Milestone M-41 recovery plan. This project plan establishes the management framework for conduct of the TWRS Single-Shell Tank Interim Stabilization completion program. Specifically, this plan defines the mission needs and requirements; technical objectives and approach; organizational structure, roles, responsibilities, and interfaces; and operational methods. The plan is based on realistic assumptions and addresses three separate funding scenarios.« less


Web archives contain information about political, economic, social, and cultural history, and they can be the basis for the reconstruction of the history of the information society. Contemporary web archiving initiatives aim to preserve the web globally, nationally, and locally and to build a wide range of thematical collections. The paper focuses on the possibilities of using web archival materials in historical research and provides examples of such research projects.


A free space miniature optical spectrometer is demonstrated by utilizing a hole array as the dispersive component. Tikhonov regularization method is used to make the reconstructed spectrum similar to the original one.


In Indonesia, wheat flour is needed for the consumption of Indonesian citizens and is needed in the food industry. To reduce dependence on imported flour, substitution (replacement) of flour is made with local raw materials found in Indonesia as an alternative, namely gembili tuber. Gembili tuber as a material containing high carbohydrates can be used as tuber flour, composite flour, and starch flour. In addition to containing high carbohydrates, the advantage of gembili is that it contains high dietary fiber which is equal to 6.386% (bk), and bioactive compounds, such as inulin. In the development of the flour making process, it is necessary to make chemical modifications to improve the quality of flour. Chemical modification of starch in flour using the method of acetylation and fermentation. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal treatment for the process of acetylation and fermentation of Gembili flour (D. esculenta) in terms of the characterization of Gembili (D. esculenta) properties. Based on the results of the research and discussion, the optimization of the total characteristics of gembili flour using the RSM method with the design of 3 CCD obtained optimal treatment at the concentration of acetic acid 2.0000%, fermentation time 46 hours 50 minutes, and fermentation dose 0.5000g / L.


The design space(DS) of the operation parameters of primary drying for mirtazapine injection was obtained based on the concept of quality by design(QbD).The effects of shelf temperature and chamber pressure on the product temperature and primary drying time were investigated with factorial design.The DS of the above two parameters was obtained by Design Expert 8.0.6 software.The results showed that the parameters randomly selected in DS would not affect the lyophilized effect of mirtazapine for injection.


Livestock industry, with dairy sector as one of the fastest growing, largely contributes to the atmospheric/soil pollution and greenhouse gases emissions (i.e. methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide) on the global scale. The goal of this paper is to present a short synthesis of published scientific works aiming to reduce dairy ruminants' environmental footprint by mitigating land degradation, water pollution and depletion, and greenhouse gasses emissions (GHG) by implementing novel nutritional, biotechnological, microbiological, animal management, and manure management strategies. In order to mitigate land degradation, suggested strategies include the introduction and adjustment of grazing fees and lease rents, and addressing pollution by establishing a "provider gets polluter pays". Improving water use efficiency is the most important in animal feed production. Contamination of water with microorganisms and parasites from manure should be prevented to avoid a public health hazards. With respect to methane and nitrous oxide emissions, the most common nutritional strategy for mitigating GHG emissions is using forages with lower fiber and higher soluble carbohydrates content or grazing less mature pastures. Although many of feed additives (organic acids, secondary plant components, and lipids) can be effective to some extent in reducing rumen methanogenesis, much in vivo research is still needed to clarify which amounts and combinations of additives are the most effective in mitigating methane emission. In order to successfully respond to the increasing global demand for raw milk and milk products, the dairy industry will have to mitigate future negative impacts on the environment, modifying the current production systems, and maintain at the same time high quality of final products at an economic price acceptable for the consumers.


Numerical modeling data for the frequency selective surfaces whose elementary period contains one or two pairs of U-shaped slots are presented in the paper. A peculiarity of the numerical model implementation is discussed. In order to make the calculations rapid, a virtual waveguide is incorporated into the module that is responsible for the calculation of the scattering matrix of a plane junction of the Floquet channel and U-shaped waveguides. Numerical examples are given for a single-standing perforated screen and a two layer frequency selective surface. A possibility to generate a transmission response by the help of the resonant coupling via the first higher (not fundamental) mode of U-shaped slots is demonstrated.


KBSE'93 was the eighth in a series conferences sponsored by the USAF Rome Laboratory addressing issues related to knowledge-based software engineering. It was held at The Midland Hotel in Downtown Chicago on September 20 23, 1993. Conference attendance of about 115 approximated that of recent years with almost two thirds of those present being first-time attendees. International attendance was significantly lower than in the past. As in prior years, the conference was hosted in cooperation with the IEEE, ACM and AAAI and included a high quality program of tutorials, technical presentations and discussions. Conference and program chairs were Dr. Bruce Johnson and Dr. Mehdi Harandi. Three tutorials, three invited speakers, two panel sessions, twenty-one papers and numerous demonstrations were presented during the four day event. The relationship between knowledge-based software engineering and conventional software engineering and requirements elicitation were the subjects of the two panel discussions. Seven paper sessions covered the topics of synthesis, validation and verification, application, maintenance and evolution, requirements, reuse, and evaluation and experiments. Banquet attendees were entertained by a rather convincing psychic on the second day of the conference, and Andersen Consulting, Inc. opened their offices on the third evening for a reception at which they presented related research and software development products.


Topsoils often are removed from energy production sites and stock-piled for use later in restoration activities. Effects of this practice on soil seed banks are unknown. We examined seed bank size, species richness, and species composition of stock-piled topsoils as affected by sampling depth and sampling date at two study sites in the western Rio Grande Plains, TX, USA. Stock-piled topsoil and adjacent non-disturbed topsoil samples were collected at 0–10, 10–20, 20–30 and 30–40 cm depths on five dates over an 18-month period following stock-pile construction. Seed banks were assessed with the seedling emergence method. Sampling date had little effect on seed bank characteristics. We detected differences among depths on the stock-pile, and between stock-piles and undisturbed soil. Seed bank size and species richness generally decreased with increased stock-pile sampling depth at both sites. Differences between stock-piles and undisturbed soil varied between sites: at one site, stock-piling effects were common and were expressed in lower seed bank size and richness in stock-piles compared to undisturbed soils; at the other site, stock-piling had fewer effects on richness or seed bank size. Prevalence of exotic species varied between sites and likely reflected differences in surrounding vegetation. Therefore, site-to-site variability precludes strong generalizations. However, density of emerged native seedlings ranged from < 1 to 3.8 seedlings m−2 at both sites. Assuming acceptable species composition, stock-piles supported an adequate seed bank size at time of sampling for restoration without need for additional seed input.


The invention relates to an ultrahigh-voltage direct-current transmission simulation training method and device. A simulation training service module acquires and stores SCADA real-time data; the simulation training service module receives an issued operation command, and then transmits the operation command and measurement point real-time data to a power system real-time model and a control protection model built with corresponding tools of Matlab, through corresponding access interfaces; the power system real-time model runs in an XPC real-time operating system; the models run dynamically and output results to the simulation training service module which uploads the results. The ultrahigh-voltage direct-current transmission power system model is built with the Matlab; after being complied, the power model runs in the XPC real-time operating system environment, and the model has response timeliness and high reliability; computing results are highly consistent to field actual operating system data in terms of both time and space; efficient data interaction is achieved through a packaged organic access interface; development efficiency is improved, development cost is saved, and practical value is good.


Riccio and Stoffregen (1988) argued that dynamical properties of a surface of support influence the control of behavior. This implies that the kinematic form of events, including the movements of a behaving animal, will be influenced by the dynamics (e.g., rigidity, tilt, friction) of the surfaces on which they occur. For any behavior in which the execution is constrained (influenced) by a surface, the kinematics of the body should provide information about the dynamics of the surface. Such kinematics could be used for perception of action-relevant surface properties by the behaving animal or by observers who view the animal's behavior. We evaluated the latter possibility by presenting observers with point-light displays (Johansson, 1973) of an actor on rigid and deformable surfaces. In Experi- ment 1, observers identified support-surface deformability as the dimension of variability, selecting it from a variety of dynamical dimensions. In the remaining experiments observers differentiated the surfaces ac...


During ODP Leg 115 in the Indian Ocean, four holes penetrated the basement. Paleomagnetic measurements on basement cores yield good quality results, but their interpretation is limited by possible but often undetectable subsequent tectonic tilting, and in one case by insufficient averaging of secular variation. Two Sites (64 and 55–60 Ma) yield apparently reliable results. Results from sediments of another Site (36 Ma) studied by Schneider and Kent also appear to be reliable. The three corresponding paleolatitudes are roughly in agreement with values predicted from the synthetic apparent polar wander paths of the African and Indian plates. Together with results from the Deccan (67 Ma), they indicate smooth and rather slow (8mm/yr) northward drift of the Reunion hotspot since its inception at the Deccan. This motion is consistent with the hotspot models of Morgan and Duncan.


The wall wear and service life of the composite tube caused by the heat mechanism were estimated using the MacCormack finite difference method.Based on the model of an unsteady quasi-one dimensional flow in the composite tube,the mathematical expressions of the friction and heat transfer between gas and tube and radial heat conduction inside the tube were established. Therefore,the temperature distribution along the wall and the heat loss through the tube were calculated.Corresponding numerical results for several representative tube models were also presented.The conclusions offer scientific basis for the rational and effective choice of material.


A new discinoid brachiopod Gigadiscina gen. nov., with the type species G. lessardi sp. nov., is described from the Lower Devonian (Siegenian) of the Tamesna Basin (South Ahaggar Massif, South Algeria). It is characterised by large size and convexo−planar profile of the shell, with a subcentral pedicle foramen. Micro−ornament is typically discinoid, with small cir− cular pits in radial rows on the post−larval shell surface. Related species of Malvinokaffric Realm origin from South Africa, Falkland Islands, Antarctica, South America, and Libya are reviewed, including the poorly known Discina anomala from the Lower Devonian of Germany. The giant size and convexo−planar shells of these discinoids, remarkably similar to recent lim− pets, are interpreted as adaptation to a habitat in proximity of sandy and gravel beaches in a high−energy environment. Most likely, the conical dorsal valve suppressed drag in turbulent waters, whereas fixation of shell by large, sucker−like pedicle eliminated peeling from the substrate.


The present invention provides a humanized anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies and their applications. EGFR by murine monoclonal antibody LA22 a humanized, human antibody amino acid sequences of more than 90%, selected monoclonal antibody anti-human EGFR. Antibodies to human EGFR with an affinity of 2.3 nM according to the present invention, the murine antibody rather, that binds to the tumor cell surface EGFR, endocytosis can be rapidly induced EGFR tumor cell surface, become ideal biological targeted therapy antibody. The present invention against tumors and other diseases such as inflammation and the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases provides a specific antibody to EGFR targets of drugs. The antibody can significantly reduce the risk of future drug human anti-murine antibody (HAMA) in a patient, the drug extended life of an antibody to improve efficacy.


This paper attempts to give an account of some innovative work in paintings and modern poetry and to show how modern poets, such as Jane Flanders and Anne Sexton, the two American poets in particular, express and develop radically new conventions for their respective arts. Also elaborated are how such changes in artistic techniques are related to profound shifts in intellectual assumptions and how teachers might be able to help their students get the most out of pictures in Graphic Poetry class, apart from simply giving the students the definitions of the so-called "graphic poetry". Modern visual artists advocate the essential principle that art must set aside the conventions of the recent past and find new forms of expressions. The multiplicity of perspectives, abstraction, and obscurity all characterize the artistic tendencies in the period. Jane Flanders's "Van Gogh's Bed" and Anne Sexton's "The Starry Night" will be taken as examples to explain how the major artists in the period experiment with new forms and advocate theories of art that still exert influences on our ideas about the value of art. In addition, the paper also attempts to focus on the development of the central ideas of the Modernist period from within the mental world of the artists/poets discussed here because, in the poet's/painter's work, there are clear marks of individual character and temperament. Students can be motivated by these marks in the painting and then can easily understand the meaning that a poem conveys and thus enjoy the words and images in it.


The main purpose of this research is to study the movement of Tiktok in the online shopping industry in China and discuss the potential of the future development of short video and online shopping combination marketing. The article reviewed the Marketing Mix theory and applied the SWOT method as a qualitative analysis on Tiktok to discuss the application. The result of this paper has shown that Tiktok's strengths and opportunities ensure e-commerce of Tiktok has a great user base and provides the users with a high level of satisfaction and consumer loyalty. By analyzing the internal and external strength of their marketing move and resources, they own to find out the future marketing strategy can be taken. And through the analyse of their internal shortages and external threats the app is facing to reach out solutions. . The research has shown that TikTok's strength and opportunities ensure e-commerce of TikTok will have a great user base and provide the users with a high level of satisfaction as well as consumer loyalty. Its weakness and threat show that the difficulties he will face include its various competitors and interface design. This study reveals some advantages and disadvantages for the future development of e-commerce in TikTok. Some suggestions for e-commerce and TikTok to help expand the advantages and narrow the disadvantages that may benefit the development for both of them are then discussed.


The present invention relates to a mass sensor array optoelectronic transceiver efficient manufacturing method, comprising the steps of: a, a printed circuit board-side printing high temperature solder paste; B, the normal component placement on the front printed circuit board; C, the paste Common components installed printed circuit board into a reflow furnace for high-temperature soldering; d, the printed circuit board opposite the double-sided adhesive paste; e, a printed circuit board reverse side printing low temperature solder paste; f, double-sided adhesive insulating film is removed ; g, the photovoltaic device mounted on the printed circuit board opposite the double-sided adhesive; h, the printed circuit board mounting the photovoltaic device was placed in a good low-temperature reflow furnace for soldering. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has lower labor costs, improve production efficiency and the like.


Mobile learning or "m-learning" is the acquisition of any knowledge and skill through the use of mobile technology literally anywhere and anytime. The use of mobile technologies to support, enhance, and improve access to learning is a relatively new idea. In this respect, mobile technology refers to any device that is designed to provide access to information in any location or while on the move. Specifically this includes, but is not limited to, mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDA), tablet computers, and laptops.