We all celebrate the tremendous strides forward in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care that have occurred in recent years. Patients are generally living longer as more achieve and sustain viral suppression. Quality primary care for HIV-infected patients must, of course, include every patient, not just patients generally. Guidelines published by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the HIV Medicine Association go a long way to address complexities in patient care [1]. Yet, gaps in care quality persist, resulting in disparities in HIV care and mortality. In this issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Korthuis and colleagues [2] address such gaps by studying the intersection of HIV quality of care performance and mortality. The authors clearly demonstrate that among patients who receive a large majority (>80%) of 9 defined quality indicators for HIV care, the risk of mortality is lower than that among those who did not receive all of these essential aspects of HIV primary care. The 9 indicators are receipt of antiretroviral therapy (ART), Pneumocystis jirovecii or Mycobacterium avium complex prophylaxis if indicated, receipt of pneumococcal (ever) and influenza (annual) vaccinations, screening for hyperlipidemia and hepatitis C at appropriate time intervals, and appropriate HIV clinic visits and CD4 count monitoring. The risk of mortality rises significantly if HIV-infected patients receive <80% of these tests and interventions. The risk increases even more if the patients have current alcohol or illicit drug use or have an elevated Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) score, which indicates increased comorbid conditions along with HIV infection. The work by Korthuis and colleagues rightly addresses the negative role that lack of access to HIV primary care, or greater preventive health and screening measures as specified by the US Preventive Services Task Force, plays in disparities like the ones presented here and reinforces the benefit of greater primary care for HIV-infected patients. This need for greater primary HIV care is echoed in the Affordable Care Act and National HIV/AIDS Strategy calls for greater access to quality HIV care [3–5]. But disparities remain; the likelihood of receiving these measures decreased significantly if the patient had current unhealthy alcohol use or current illicit drug use. Receipt of quality HIV primary care alone, as defined by these quality indicators, is insufficient to prevent mortality. In this study, the association of receipt of these quality indicators and prevention of death was greatly attenuated (no longer statistically significant) if there were current unhealthy alcohol or illicit drug use. Of course, unhealthy behaviors can impact a patient's life even if the patient is receiving quality care; this is not new knowledge. But this study shows that attention to these behaviors is critical for HIV care if our patients are to enjoy the benefits of ART. The negative effects of the disparities on mortality among these patients is made even worse as they age and have other comorbidities, as demonstrated by the VACS index. In fact, a patient's worsening VACS index score is a greater threat than age or substance use. The VACS index takes into account a patient's degree of anemia, liver fibrosis, renal function, hepatitis C, and immune suppression. Quality HIV primary care must assess for these comorbidities and address them in a comprehensive manner. Quality indicators should be enlarged to include specifically these comorbidities. Even when a patient receives a great number of these quality-of-care indicators, the authors observe from the data that viral suppression was significantly less among the patients with substance use than among the overall cohort. Maximal and sustained viral suppression has been repeatedly associated with decreased mortality and improved outcomes [6]. This is one of the key reasons the HIV Care Cascade, as originally described by Gardner and colleagues, has viral suppression as the final outcome [7]. Thus, measure-of-care processes, including screening for comorbid diseases such as hepatitis C or even sufficient number of HIV care visits per year, do not necessarily equate with sufficient ART adherence to achieve viral suppression. The need to make quality indicators more relevant as requisite disease care Received 17 August 2015; accepted 18 August 2015; published online 3 September 2015. Correspondence: M. A. Horberg, Kaiser Permanente, 2101 E Jefferson St, 3 East, Rockville, MD 20852 (michael.horberg@ kp.org). Clinical Infectious Diseases 2016;62(2):240–1 © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail journals.permissions@oup. com. DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ765


The time-dependent Schrodinger equation of an ion moving in an asymmetric Penning trap is solved. Properties of the evolution of squeezed and Schrodinger cat states in the trap are studied. Analytic expressions for the energy expectation values, dispersions and correlations of the position and momentum operators of different macroscopic states, solutions of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation of the trap, are obtained. The probability densities in coordinate and momentum representations are also given. As an example, the behaviour of Schrodinger cat states of a proton moving in the trap is described numerically.


Sensor nodes are often used to collect data from locations inaccessible or hazardous for humans. As they are not under normal supervision, these nodes are particularly susceptible to physical damage or remote tampering. Generally, a hierarchical data collection scheme is used by the sensors to report data to the base station. It is difficult to precisely identify and eliminate a tampered node in such a data collecting hierarchy. Most security schemes for sensor networks focuses on developing mechanism for nodes located higher in the hierarchy to monitor those located at lower levels. We propose a complementary mechanism with which the nodes at lower levels can monitor their parents in the hierarchy to detect malicious behavior. Every node maintains a reputation value of its parent and updates this at the end of every data reporting cycle. We propose a novel combination of statistical testing techniques and existing reputation management and reinforcement learning schemes to manage the reputation of a parent node. The probability that the parent node is malicious is calculated using various combination of the Q-learning algorithm and the β-Reputation scheme. The input to the β-Reputation scheme is a history of boolean events consisting of correct or erroneous data reporting events by the parent node. The boolean events are generated at each data reporting period using statistical tests. Our approach can be viewed as a mechanism composed of different modules for the detection of a malicious event, interpretation of the malicious event and updating node reputation value based on the interpretation. We have created different versions of our system by varying these components. We compared the effectiveness of these alternative designs in detecting different types of malicious behavior in sensor networks.


The location of buried inclusions in soils media is a topic of main interest in geophysical prospection. Most of the methods employed for this purpose are based on the propagation of electromagnetic waves and transmission of electrical currents. Applicability of electrical methods is usually not satisfactory for soils of high electrical conductivity (i.e. some silts and clays), due to the little penetration of electromagnetic waves. Seismic methods seem to be an alternative to overcome these difficulties. The concept of soil echography or seismic echography arises from the development of a subsurface exploration real-time system based on the principles of the seismic reflection method. Seismic echography system involve a special source for excitation of the medium, a different logic system for data acquisition and signal processing in order to approach to the versatility of the Ground Penetrating Radar or the ultrasonic scanning systems in terms of scanning speed. The system is defined as acoustic-seismic echography or acoustic echography of soil when the excitation of the medium is performed indirectly by using acoustic waves and the system is based on the interaction phenomenon of acoustic and seismic waves in the surface of the medium. This thesis describes the development, calibration and evaluation of an acoustic echography system applied to the geophysical prospection of a special cell filled with pluviated sand. The system uses a speaker as acoustic wave source excited by means of a chirp-type electrical signal. Eight microphones are used as acoustical non-contact receiver sensors. An analytical simulation model of the acoustic echography system and different digital signal processing techniques were developed here to identify the wave patterns related to the reflectors. The analytical model was also used to calibrate the physical system and to study its limitations in the detection of inclusions of different geometry and material impedance.


This study on the effect of participation in field trips as a literacy intervention in play investigated how preschool children incorporated the literacy behaviors emphasized during the field trips into their play activities. Authentic literacy materials were included in two dramatic play centers before and after 15 children participated in theme-related field trips. During the two field trips, the persons conducting the tours focused on the use of literacy in the workplace and on the literacy materials which had previously been incorporated into the dramatic play centers. Data were collected through analysis of videotaped literacy behaviors exhibited in dramatic play centers before and after the field trips. Although literacy behaviors in dramatic play did show an increase following the literacy-focused field trips, data analyses revealed no significant differences. (Author/EV) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION ...i. CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. 00 trt Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. w Literacy and Play 1 The Effect of Literacy Intervention in Preschool Children's Dramatic Play on Literacy Behaviors Emily A. Johnson, Ed.D. Kennesaw State University Presented 1999 ACEI International Conference San Antonio, Texas April 7-10, 1999 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)


Gathering works from the Walters Art Musum in Baltimore, whose collection of the sculptor's work is second to that of the Louvre, this book looks at the artist's animal sculptures, renowned for their technical brilliance.


Gerarchie e carriere occupazionali nel pubblico impiego: i ministeri italiani negli anni novanta (di Nicola Meccheri) - ABSTRACT: This paper aims to provide a statistical description of some important aspects concerning the Italian Ministries internal labour market (ILM) functioning and to analyse its evolution occurred during the '90s. Ministries' hierarchical structure and dynamics are studied focalising in particular on: i) hierarchical levels identification and composition; internal dynamics: promotions among hierarchical levels; external dynamics: ports of entry and ports of exit identification and description; iv) general and specific human capital (education and work experience) relative importance for jobs at different hierarchical levels. Implications for human resources policies that derive are also discussed.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the impact of cost-sharing on healthcare utilization among persons with multiple sclerosis (MS).
BACKGROUND
Prior studies suggest that out-of-pocket health care costs are increasing. Although high out-of-pocket costs are undesirable, low out-of-pocket costs may indicate a desirable situation (excellent health insurance) or undesirable situation (deferral of needed health care). An alternate method for analyzing out-of-pocket costs is through cost sharing, a ratio of out-of-pocket costs to total health care costs.
DESIGN/METHODS
We analyzed the 1996-2009 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), an annual survey of representative households in the United States. MEPS participants are followed for two years. Out-of-pocket and total costs were expressed in 2013 dollars, adjusting for medical inflation. We constructed models using number of office visits or prescription medications as the dependent variable. The variables of interest were cost-sharing in the prior year, MS, and an interaction term of cost-sharing and MS. The models controlled for age, sex, race, education, insurance, income, perceived health status, and comorbidities.
RESULTS
There were 146,278 persons without MS and 277 with MS. Expressed in 2013 dollars, the mean out-of-pocket costs were $912 for persons without MS and $3287 for persons with MS. For persons without MS, the cost-sharing ratio was 27% for office visits and 51% for prescription drugs. For persons with MS, the cost-sharing ratio was 19% for office visits, and 38% for prescription drugs. A higher cost-sharing ratio was associated with fewer office visits (p<0.001) and unique medications (p<0.001) in the subsequent year. Cost-sharing among persons with MS had a differentially greater impact (p<0.001) on the number of unique prescription medications among persons without MS.
CONCLUSIONS
Compared to persons without MS, persons with MS had substantially higher out-of-pocket costs, even though insurers covered a higher proportion of health costs. Given that cost-sharing affects future utilization, we will further explore whether cost-sharing also has an impact on quality of care.
Study Supported by: The National Multiple Sclerosis Society Disclosure: Dr. Cheng has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dora has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ayad has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Langer-Gould has received research support from Biogen Idec and Roche. Dr. Ettner has nothing to disclose.


The paper discussed the content of the harmonious campus and athletics ethics,from three aspects of impartial fairness,moderate the social interaction and stabilize harmonious campus environment,analyzed the function of athletics ethics to improve establishing harmonious campus of high school,the athletics association to participate the intendance and education.We should exert sport ethics to promote setting up the harmonious campus in high schools.


The energy released by Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) in the form of radiation, winds, or radio plasma jets, is known to impact on the surrounding interstellar medium. The result of these processes, known as AGN (negative) feedback, is suggested to prevent gas, in and around galaxies, from cooling, and to remove, or at least redistribute, gas by driving massive and fast outflows, hence playing a key role in galaxy evolution. Given its importance, a large effort is devoted by the astronomical community to trace the effects of AGN on the surrounding gaseous medium and to quantify their impact for different types of AGN. This review briefly summarizes some of the recent observational results obtained in different wavebands, tracing different phases of the gas. I also summarize the new insights they have brought, and the constraints they provide to numerical simulations of galaxy formation and evolution. The recent addition of deep observations of cold gas and, in particular, of cold molecular gas, has brought some interesting surprises and has expanded our understanding of AGN and AGN feedback.


Objective
Using three dimensional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the differences in velopharyngeal structures and motion between normal resonance adults with repaired cleft palate and without cleft palate, to guide the surgical method of cleft palate repair surgery.

Methods
Twelve male adults, including 6 adults with repaired cleft palate (cleft group: age 18-26 years old, average 21.8 years old) and 6 adults without cleft palate (noncleft group: age 19-28 years old, average 23.3 years old) were examined with dynamic and static 3D MRI in midsagittal. 32 velopharyngeal measures including soft palate length, effective soft palate length, pharynx ratio, palate height, levator veli palatini muscle length and thickness were obtained on midsagittal, coronal, and levator veli palatine image plane(oblique coronal image plane)and compared between groups. The correlation test of two times data were carried out by Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient to determine the error size of the measurement result. Two separate sample t-tests was used to compare the two sets of data.

Results
All the subjects had no speech abnormalities, and velopharyngeal competence. Two measurements of the r value is 0.789 to 0.925 (P<0.05), which is twice the measurement error is within the acceptable range. The noncleft group of levator veli palatini muscle form is more fluid, while the cleft group is irregular, the middle line can be observed discontinuous phenomenon, and the levator veli palatini muscle insertion soft palate angle is obviously different. Compared to those without cleft palate, participants with repaired cleft palate had a significantly bigger pharynx wide(23.83±3.48) mm, pharynx deep(29.94±3.52) mm, bone pharynx deep(39.68±3.63) mm, palate length ratio(1.18±0.16), pharynx ratio(0.87±0.91), PVU angle (movement)(105.68±20.54)°, the intravelar segment of the levator veli palatini muscle(13.13±1.00) mm, insertion spacing(13.13±1.00) mm. and the starting angle of the levator muscle(58.0±3.3)°. In contrast, the width of the hard palate(37.5±1.43) mm, soft thicknes(9.48±1.03) mm, soft palate relative extension length (/ts/)(1.09±0.05) mm, the thickness of the levator veli palatini muscle(4.07±0.25) mm, APV angle (movement)(180.51±8.55)° and the starting distance of the levator muscle(52.27±7.08) mm are larger in the normal group, The differences are statistically significant(P<0.05).

Conclusions
Measuring the pharyngeal structure with three-dimensional magnetic resonance is feasible, and there are significant differences in the pharynx structure, soft palate and levator veli palatini muscle morphological structure of the adults with repaired cleft palate and without cleft palate. Attention to the anatomical reset of the levator muscle, especially the protection and extension of the the extravelar segment of the levator veli palatini muscle, and the extension of the effective soft palate when the soft flap is separated, should be noted in the early repair of the cleft palate.

Key words:
Magnetic resonance imaging; Cleft palate; Velopharyngeal; Levator veli palatini muscle


Abstract
The author feels haunted; troubled by the ethnography that the author conducted some years ago of a new partnership group that was attempting to set up a community learning centre. The author is aware that it doesn't sound like a particularly alarming research topic, and perhaps that is where some of the issues began. The author did not expect an ethnographic haunting to occur. The partnership recruited the author less than a year into the creation of the project and spent two years as a sort of 'researcher in residence'. The original idea was that the author would observe the initial development of the project and then, when the community learning centre was established, the author would research the centre's activities and how they were experienced by village residents. However, fairly soon into the project, problematic dynamics developed within the group, leading to irreconcilable conflict between members. The community learning centre was never established and the author was left to piece together an ethnography of a failed partnership. Researching an increasingly dysfunctional partnership was an emotionally exhausting activity, especially when relationships between members became progressively hostile. Managing data collection and analysis at this time was difficult, but the author was shocked that, a number of months (and now years) later, revisiting the data for publication purposes remained uncomfortable. The author managed to produce the PhD thesis on the back of this study, but the author has not felt able to go back to the data, despite there being findings worthy of publication. This ethnography is in a state of limbo and is at risk of becoming lost forever. In this chapter, the author explores the reasons for this and discusses lessons learned for future projects.


Crystalline silicon (c-Si) and structurally relaxed amorphous silicon (a-Si) were implanted with 1 MeV Si + at liquid nitrogen temperature. The photocarrier lifetime τ in the implanted samples was determined with sub-picosecond resolution through pump-probe reflectivity measurements. At low damage levels (i.e. 14 ions/cm 2 ), τ decreases with increasing ion dose in both materials, indicating a build up of trapping and recombination centers. The dominant centers in c-Si appear to be related to simple defects. The generation rate of electrically active defects is found to be the same in relaxed a-Si and c-Si, which suggests that the structural defects formed in a-Si strongly resemble the simple defects in c-Si. For ion doses > 10 14 /cm 2 , τ saturates at a level of 0.8 ps for both materials. Strikingly, the saturation sets in far below the dose needed to amorphize (>10 15 /cm 2 ). The defect density in a-Si at saturation is estimated to be ≈1.6 at.%.


Abstract Winter diet of the Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) in Texas is little known. We investigated the diet of Short-eared Owls wintering in McMullen County, in subtropical Texas, by analyzing the contents of 129 pellets collected over two winters (28 November 2007 to 22 February 2008 and 11 December 2008 to 11 February 2009) and conducted a latitudinal-based comparison of published diet studies of Short-eared Owls. In southern Texas, we recovered the remains of 162 prey items, 98% of which were vertebrates. Hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) were the most important prey species in terms of percent of total number (67%) and percent of total biomass (87%). Most (86%) Short-eared Owl diet studies (based on ≥100 pellets) have been conducted north of 35°N, with only six studies, including the present study, conducted at or south of 35°N latitude. Voles (primarily Microtus spp.) were the dominant prey in North American studies (71%), but microtines were not the dominant prey in any of the six studies conducted south of 35°N latitude. We suggest that Short-eared Owls do not specialize on microtines, as is often implied, but rather depend on rodents with cyclic populations, such as the hispid cotton rat in southern areas.


I: THEORY OF CRITICAL PHENOMENA: Introduction to critical phenomena Ginzburg-Landau theory Critical exponents Universality, standard models and solvable models Scaling The renormalization group Critical dynamics More complex magnetic systems Dilution, percolation and random fields II: THE TECHNIQUE OF THERMAL NEUTRON SCATTERING AND ITS APPLICATION TO INVESTIGATE CRITICAL PHENOMENA: Basic properties of thermal neutrons Correlation function formalism Bragg scattering Measurement of critical dynamics III: MEASUREMENTS OF CRITICAL SCATTERING: Two- and one-dimensional systems Three-dimensional Ising systems Other simple systems in three dimensions Multicritical points Critical phase transitions in magnetic metals Critical scattering investigations of dilution, percolation and random-field effects.


This article focuses on documents made by the Soviet military secret service detailing the arrest, interrogation, trial and execution of Sergei Tret'iakov in Moscow in 1937. The original documents were published in Russian in 1997 as part of Return my Freedom, a collection of archival records edited by Vladimir Kolyazin that details the fate of Russian and German cultural figures who fell victim to the Stalinist terror. This record of Tret'iakov's violent death has received little attention, even in Russia or in Russian studies. The book presents facsimiles of 60 separately numbered and dated sheets containing records of Tret'iakov's arrest and the search of his home. There are two written confessions; a first short admission of guilt and a second longer account of his supposed crimes that also claims parts of the first to be fictitious. These are followed by a transcript of his interrogation, a very brief account of his trial and the even briefer report of his execution. A historical gap separates these from documents of Tret'iakov's official rehabilitation in 1954 which his wife, Olga Tret'iakov was instrumental in securing. Return my Freedom also contains the record of her arrest, interrogation and release in 1937. The article presents translated extracts from the official record of Tret'iakov's interrogation and execution for the first time in English, and it explores these documents in relation to core strategies and critical commitments that shaped Tret'iakov's influential conception of Factography.


The model of Deshmukh and Mather (1981) is a popular method for correlating and predicting the vapor-liquid equilibria in systems containing acid gases (hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide) and aqueous solutions of alkanolamines. The model includes phase equilibrium between an aqueous liquid and a gas as well as chemical equilibrium in the aqueous phase. A recent review by Weiland et al. (1993) demonstrated the accuracy of the correlation. Presented here is a model based on that of Deshmukh and Mather (1981) for calculating the distribution of acid gases between two liquid phases - an aqueous phase and a non-aqueous liquid (typically a propane- or butane-rich liquid) In the new model the phase equilibrium is modeled using a modified Henry's law approach. Fugacities of the components in the non-aqueous phase are calculated using the Peng and Robinson (1976a) equation of state. All of the parameters in the model are taken from the literature. Thus the model represents a prediction of the behavior. It is dem...


This paper demonstrates the assembly and verification of an inexpensive and straightforward stepping dynamics assessment system capable of simultaneously recording human lower limb motions, vertical ground reaction forces (GRF), and two dimensional foot center of pressures (COP) during the gait stance phase. This proposed system uses a single webcam video camera for motion analysis in the sagittal (side) plane. A color detection image processing Python script enables the webcam to track distinctly colored marker tape placed on the ankle and knee joint while stepping on and over a Nintendo® Wii Balance Board (WBB). The WBB is used to measure vertical GRF and foot COP. Marker positions and COP are used to construct a foot roll-over shape (ROS), the effective rocker shape that a lower limb system conforms to during a step. The accuracy of our WBB-webcam system is evaluated by the comparing marker motion, GRF, COP, and derived ROS measurements to a commercial force plate (FP) and eight-camera infrared motion capture (IRMC) system.


Aim To explore the effect of the acupuncture and the moxibustion combined with Chinese medicine on IL-1,IL-2 of the chronic glomerulonephritis model rat.Methods The resultant treatment was observed by the way of mouse thymocytes proliferation of the acupuncture with Chinese medicine on IL-1,IL-2 of experimental rats which injecting the bovine serum-albumen through caudal vein.Results After treatment,IL-1,IL-2 of every group fell.There was a significant difference between acupuncture and the moxibustion combined with Chinese medicine group and control group(P0.05).Conclusion The treatment of a cupuncture and the moxibustion combined with Chinese medicine can restrain the release of IL-1and IL-2,accommodate immunity,and its function mechanism may relate to accommodation of immunity.


The electret condenser microphone of the present invention with the diaphragm 33 and the back electrode 35, the diaphragm 33 and the back electrode, the cylindrical case 31 and 35 is housed constituting a capacitor, a cylindrical case 31 of the opening (31c) is accommodated in side by caulking a caulking part (31b) bent at an opening end of the cylindrical case 31 to the inside is fixed on the opening (31c), the circuit to prevent the opening (31c) the substrate (39 ) and comprises a substrate 51 fixed to the outer surface of the circuit board 39. Outer surface of the circuit board 39, the circular pattern 52 and annular pattern 45 is formed and the circular pattern 52 and annular pattern on the surface circuit board 39-side surface and opposite to the substrate 51, 53 is formed. And, electrically connected to each other via the circular pattern 44 and annular pattern 45 and circular pattern 52 and annular pattern 53 through-holes (54a, 54b) is provided on the substrate 51, substrate 51 the circular pattern 52 and annular pattern 53 is formed in a surface side solder reflow. The electret condenser microphone, the reflow soldering, a circular pattern


We estimate the value added by sell-side equity research analysts and explore the links between analyst research, informational efficiency, and asset prices. We identify the value of research from exogenous changes in analyst coverage. On announcement that a stock has lost all coverage, share prices fall by around 110 basis points or $8.4 million on average. The share price reaction is attenuated the more analysts continue to cover the stock, suggesting that there are diminishing returns to coverage at the margin. The adverse effect of coverage terminations is proportional to the analyst's reputation and experience and to the size of the broker's retail sales force. Exogenous reductions in coverage are followed by: less efficient pricing and lower liquidity; greater earnings surprises and more volatile trading around subsequent earnings announcements; increases in required returns; and reduced return volatility. Simulations suggest investors can trade profitably on the volatility changes. Finally, retail investors sell and large institutional investors buy around coverage terminations, suggesting that different investor clienteles have different demands for analyst research.


entropy is an intrinsic property of an object. It isn't. In their respective catalogues window A (where it is one of four possible patterns) would have a lower entropy than the identical window B (where it is one of thirty-two possible patterns). Once installed in a building its entropy would change again depending upon how many similar windows there were in the vicinity. The entropy of an object measures how unlikely it is with respect to a set of known alternatives. The results depend upon how these alternatives are defined. We can measure the entropy of parts of a building with respect to the building itself, as von Buttlar and Stamps do. Alternatively, we can use our peripheral vision and measure entropy with respect to a wider environment: a street perhaps or a neighbourhood. After all, where a property ends is a legal and social matter not necessarily intrinsic to the visual environment. It is not a question of one measurement being better than the other; only that they are made with respect to different possible worlds. When Shannon measured the zeroth-order entropy of English he did it not with respect to a particular piece of text but with respect to the 8727 most common English words whose frequency had been averaged from many texts. If we likewise attempt a global measure of entropy, then we need a universal vocabulary of form which suggests the use of Environment and Planning-type shape grammars. Such a calculation might be very hard to perform: the advantage of LEGOO is not only is it universal but that, for a researcher no less than a child, it is easy to handle. As a by-product of all this we can appreciate how beautiful and ingenious Lego is. It has outgrown its prosaic origins and taken on a life of its own and in being able to represent fantasy scenes it is becoming poetical like a real language.


An overview of the T-1 carrier system basic T-1 concepts and technology the elements of a fractional T-1 circuit data, voice and video interfaces to fractional T-1 applications for fractional T-1 methods of implementing fractional T-1 service typical service offerings and terminology cost and benefit considerations troubleshooting, outages and backup for fractional T-1 service advanced topics for T-1 technology.


1 Non‐neutralizing antiserum, normal rabbit, human and mouse sera potentiate the erythropoietic activity of anaemic human urinary Fraction II + III. This substantiates the concepts introduced by Kuratowska, Lewartowski and Lipinski. 2 Orosomucoid (alpha‐1 acidic‐glycoprotein) similarly potentiates the erythropoietic activity of anaemic human urinary Fraction II + III. 3 The erythropoietic activity of Standard B was not enhanced by the addition of serum proteins. 4 The erythropoietic activity of human urinary concentrates was enhanced by the addition of normal serum proteins and suggestive enhancement of anaemic human serum and plasma was noted.


Prussian blue was the world's first synthetic dye. Its structural, optical and magnetic properties have led to many applications in technology and medicine, and provide paradigms for understanding coordination polymers, framework materials and mixed-valence compounds. The intense red absorption of Prussian blue that characterises chemical and physical properties critical to many of these applications is now shown to arise from localised intervalence charge transfer transitions within two chromophoric variants (ligand isomers) of an idealised"dimer"fragment {(NC)5FeII}(mu-CN){FeIII(NC)3(H2O)2}. This fragment is only available in modern interpretations of the material's crystal structure, with the traditional motif {(NC)5FeII}(mu-CN){FeIII(NC)5} shown not to facilitate visible absorption. Essential to the analysis is the demonstration, obtained independently using absorption and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopies, that spectra of Prussian blues are strongly influenced by particle size and (subsequent) light scattering. These interpretations are guided and supported by density functional theory calculations (CAM-B3LYP), supplemented by coupled cluster and Bethe-Salpeter spectral simulations, as well as electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of Prussian blue and a model molecular dimeric ion [Fe2(CN)11]6-.


Cyclocopter propelled by cycloidal blade system is a new concept of VTOL aircraft. The cycloidal blade system, which can be described as a horizontal rotary wing, offers powerful thrust levels, and a unique ability to change the direction of the thrust almost instantly. This paper investigates cyclocopter with four rotors. The aircraft is designed through CFD and FE structural analyses. Elliptic blades and swash plate are applied to the rotor system, to improve rotor performance and control mechanism. Efficient DC brushless motors and LiPo batteries are used for power transmissions. Almost all parts of rotor blades and fuselage are made in composite material. Thrust and required power are measured by experiment, and it shows that the rotor system produces enough thrust to maneuver the aircraft.


In the usual convergence theory for linear multistep methods, a constant stepsize h is used. For a method of order p, the discretization error is proportional to $h^{p + 1} $. In a variable step code, it is necessary to predict what the discretization error would be if the stepsize were changed to $rh$. It is usual to say that the observed error will be altered by a factor of $r^{p + 1} $. Unfortunately this is not correct for multistep methods. The discrepancy arises in the fact that the usual theory does not model the way variable stepsize codes actually work. In this paper the correct behavior is determined for important classes of formulas and ways of changing stepsize.


The authors report an evaluation of own results obtained using a technique of direct magnification which is a trial of further improvement of the diagnostic possibilities of cerebral arteriography. In the light of personal experiences and available literature the authors express the view that introduction of this method, especially in connection with traction, will increase significantly the possibility of diagnosis of various pathological processes.


The 1920s 'cinema-novel' is composed of various media effects based on cinematic imagination, and it is designed to constantly evoke the image of the film during the reading process. This article focuses on 'cinema-novel' as an example of an unprecedented genre experiment. It is because the process of formation and development of this unique genre is filled with contemporary characteristics of the 1920s art that strived to create a content suitable for the modern art medium. ■ keyword :∣Cinema Novel∣Movie∣Illustration∣1920s Art∣Genre Experiment∣ * 본 연구는 2017년 한국연구재단 신진연구자 지원사업의 연구과제로 수행되었습니다. (과제번호 : NRF-2017S1A5A8022240) 접수일자 : 2017년 09월 26일 수정일자 : 2017년 11월 09일 심사완료일 : 2017년 11월 10일 교신저자 : 공성수, e-mail : email@example.com I. 서 론


In the era of Covid-19 pandemic, the people are very much cautious about their health and hence their food choice. It is very important for every individual to be healthy by taking nutritious food. In these days, due lockdowns in county, people could buy the food online only. While doing this, the food choices are made by using the images in online applications and websites. Also, for the restaurants and hotels, it is very much important to post the better quality and truly identifiable images on the portals for customer attractions. In this research work, the food recognition based on food images is targeted to automatically enable, the foot items and type of food information for users. From the images, the system will recognize about the type of food as non-invasive or harmful food based on reading and extracting the image characteristics. Several attempts are made for this type of food identification, but these approaches are related to standard object identification, hence couldn't produce the significantly accurate results. Here the approach is developed by using the Poor and Rich Spider Monkey Optimization (PRSM) algorithm based Deep Neuro Fuzzy Network for effective food recognition. This algorithm helps us to reduce the False Positive Rate (FPR) and False Negative Rate (FNR), and increases the accuracy of the image recognition ensuring the maximally accurate classification of the food type.


Gaussian process(GP) is a newly developed machine learning technology based on statistical theoretical fundamentals.It has become a powerful tool for solving highly nonlinear problems.Conventional methods for forecasting of blasting effect in rock mass often meet great difficulty since relationship between blasting effect and its influencing factors is highly complicated nonlinear one.A new method based on GP is proposed for forecasting of blasting effect in rock mass.The method is applied to blasting engineering of the Three Gorges project in China for forecasting of vibration speed,damage depth and damage radius in rock mass.The field experiments of rock blasting are preformed to obtain the training samples and test samples.Nonlinear mapping relationship between blasting effect and its influencing factors can be constructed by GP learning with the training samples.The prediction results for vibration speed,damage depth and damage radius in rock mass using the method are in good agreement with observations.The results of case studies show that the method is feasible,effective and simple to implement for forecasting of blasting effect prediction in rock mass.It has merits of self-adaptive parameters determination and better capacity for solving nonlinear small sample problems comparing with the artificial neural networks method.The good performance of GP model makes it very attractive for a wide range of application in geotechnical engineering.


The sickle cell gene is common in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the sickle cell trait reaching frequencies of 25% in the Eastern Province and generally lower levels in the Southwest. In the Eastern ...


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Gel-wipes suitable for use in personal care and household cleansing applications are disclosed, which include a substrate having a first surface, a second surface opposing the first surface and a body disposed between and defined by the first and second surfaces, fibers having an outer surface and an inner core, a polymeric gel distributed throughout the substrate such that a substantial portion of the fibers contain the polymeric gel distributed throughout the inner core of the fibers; and a liquid cleansing composition, wherein the inner core of a substantial portion of the fibers and the polymeric gel are substantially free of the liquid cleansing composition; as well as methods of making the gel-wipe.


The genera Geocenamus Thorne & Malek, 1968 and Merlinius Siddiqi, 1970 are synonymized. The genus contains 67 valid species, of which 14 are discussed in detail. Morphology and infraspecific variability of some characters are considered. New synonyms proposed are: G. gaudialis (Isatullaeva, 1967) and Tylenchorhynchus tatricus Sabova, 1967; G. hexagrammus (Sturhan, 1966) and Nagelus ivanovae Baydulova, 1983; G. nothus (Allen, 1955) and Tylenchorhynchus undyferrus Haque, 1967, Merlinius paramonovi Volkova, 1972, M. nizamii Luqman & Khan, 1986, M. bulgaricus Budurova, 1988; G. rugosus (Siddiqi, 1963) and Tylenchorhynchus cylindricaudatus Ivanova, 1968, Scutylenchus apricus Andrassy, 1980. A key to the species is presented.


A nitrogen stable isotopic model was constructed in order to constrain the Holocene marine‐fixed nitrogen budget. The primary sources and sinks considered were riverine and atmospheric sources, nitrogen fixation, sedimentary and water column denitrification, and sediment burial. The source budget was found to be insensitive to changes in nitrogen fixation rates, and thus could not be used to constrain this term. However, the isotopic value of fixed nitrogen losses was very sensitive to the amount of sedimentary denitrification. If the isotopic value of marine‐fixed nitrogen has not changed during the Holocene, as supported by sedimentary records, then in order to balance the isotopic value of sinks and sources, approximately 280 Tg N yr−1 of sedimentary denitrification is required. If such a high rate of denitrification has been sustained throughout the Holocene, it implies that present‐day estimates of marine nitrogen fixation are grossly underestimated. It also implies that the marine nitrogen budget has a residence time of less than 2000 years.


The paper develops new decentralised and hierarchical control techniques for linear interconnected, uncertain dynamical systems with additive-type bounded uncertainties. The overall system is decomposed into N lower order subsystems, each containing uncertain elements and is corrupted by uncertain bounded disturbances. The uncertainties of the systems' parameters are known to belong to prescribed compact bounding intervals. It has been shown that, if uncertainty of the system is within a certain structure (i.e. the matching conditions hold), stabilising control always exists, no matter how large the uncertainty is. Based on this and on the theory of ultimate boundedness, the proposed decentralised and hierarchical control structures guarantee global uniform ultimate boundedness behaviour for the decomposed subsystems. Sufficient conditions are given for the stability of the global system, when driven with proposed control schemes and in the presence of interconnections with bounded uncertainties. It has been established that, with the satisfaction of these conditions and/or validity of the uncertainty matching structure, the developed decentralised and hierarchical control strategies provide robust design schemes, i.e. they are insensitive to the structural perturbations, either between the subsystems and/or in the communication network between the two-level hierarchical structure. Furthermore, the design algorithms are insensitive to parameter perturbations in their bounded ranges.


contends that the adversarial processes of litigation have led to the triumph of "political considerations" over "good science" and contributed to a situation where "ideological motivations have continued to take precedence over managerial considerations" at OSHA (p. 169). However, Jasanoff does not show how alteration or abolition of the litigation model would enhance OSHA decision making. The promulgation of health standards poses tradeoffs. Perceptions of these tradeoffs currently fuel the fierce conflicting pressures on OSHA from unions and businesses. Jasanoff does not demonstrate how procedural reform would enhance the way OSHA handles these tradeoffs and pressures—why it would cause politics to "improve."


Sign into https://oscarplusmcmaster.ca/ to register for Academic Skills workshops all year! All sessions will be available through Zoom. To book, go to OSCARplus > Student Success Centre > Events.


Based on the weakness of the traditional method of dividing geohydrologic unit,the division method of geohydrologic unit based on hydrochemical characters of groundwater is put forward.The division of geohydrologic unit on Cambrian limestone in Pingdingshan coal field is done with traditional K-Means Cluster,and the result is satisfying.It provides a new theoretical method for division of geohydrologic unit.


INTRODUCTION: Decorin is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan. It has been reported that low levels of decorin expression are associated with worse prognosis in patients with breast, colon and ovarian cancer . However, the expression and role of decorin in human soft tissue tumors have not yet been characterized. To investigate whether decorin gene expression is a biomarker of aggressiveness in soft tissue sarcoma, 51 biopsy samples from 43 patients were studied.


The accelerated aging test is an important seed vigor test for many large-seeded crops, but its value in small-seeded crops has been limited because moisture uptake is too rapid resulting in fast seed deterioration for some species. This study examined a method to retard small seed moisture uptake in an accelerated aging test. High and low quality impatiens (Impatiens wallerana Hook) seed lots were exposed to three different saturated salt solutions producing differing relative humidities (KCI-87%, NaCI-76%, and NaBr-55% RH) at 38 and 41 °C. All other equipment and procedures were the same as recommended for a standard accelerated aging test. As relative humidity of the accelerated aging chamber declined, seed moisture content decreased. Seed deterioration of the small-seeded crop increased with increasing relative humidity so that useful accelerated aging results that correlated with seed vigor could be obtained with either KCI or NaCl after 4 days germination by aging for 72 h and 96 h at 38°C for KCl and NaCl, respectively, or 48 h at 41°C for both salts. These results demonstrate that saturated salt solutions modify the relative humidity of an accelerated aging test making use of this valuable seed vigor test applicable to impatiens and likely other small-seeded crops.


Abstract Communication between elderly people and their health care providers is becoming more important due to the chronic nature of geriatric health problems and their impact on quality of life. At the core of the challenge of improving this dialogue are factors related to essential human values and the clash between two different cultures – one scientific and the other personal. Only by gaining an understanding of this clinical decisionmaking interaction can new approaches to bridge the communication gap be developed. The purpose of this paper is fourfold: (1) to summarise the fundamentally different bases for communication between health care provider and patient, (2) to discuss the shortcomings of various methods (such as advance directives) to embody patients' wishes about their care, (3) to review new models of geriatric care that have implications for this communication process, and (4) to develop a framework – based on biographical methods and the concept of empowerment – that suggests some potential solutions to these communication problems. Such methods reflect new approaches to developing life stories and themes suggestive of ways to retain the personal life voice of the individual in the development of a clinical partnership with the health care provider.


We examine whether the effect of sibship size oneducationdi ffers by the individual' sb irth order in low-income countries, using data from Matlab, Bangladesh. Exploiting exposure to the randomized family planning program in Matlab for identification, we find evidence that sibship size has negative effect oneducationan d positive e ffect onlabor force participationof the first- and the second-born children, but no significant effect oneducationor labor force participation of the later-born children. Ignoring the difference in the effect of sibship size oneducationby birth order may confound inferences on quantity-quality tradeoff in low income countries.


Micro Teaching, with the feature of novel form, short, fast information transmission and clear knowledge goal, quickly swept the whole education field. This paper, on the basis of analysis of connotation of the micro teaching, summarizes the needs of micro teaching in higher vocational course of Situation and Policy, and puts forwards some suggestions and measures in terms of overall planning, production, and platform construction for further application.


This paper looks at the variant linguistic forms used by natural language to express alienable-inalienable distinctions. Frameworks such as those provided by Langacker"s Cognitive Grammar assume that notions like ownership, kinship, and whole/part relationships are, like all other units of language, conceptual structures on par with lexical items. They are fundamental aspects of everyday experience which are cognitively basic. However, as we demonstrate in this paper, such a theory encounters many problems in the face of copious kinds of possessive expressions found in natural languages. Not only do we find different structures for the same possession relation in any given language, but possessive expressions are often exploited by a language to denote even non-possessive relations, such as emotive states of hunger, anger and pain. Most importantly however, these forms show syntactic peculiarities which are unexpected and hence left unexplained in a Cognitive Grammar framework. We are of the opinion that syntax of possession cannot be overlooked while analyzing alienableinalienable differences. To substantiate our claim, we look very closely at the Hindi postposition "paas" (near) to understand its semantic contribution in alienable constructions. Our study shows that the postposition, unlike what may appear at first glance, does not contribute a locational meaning to alienable possession. It behaves more like a linker establishing a relation between two NPs. Out study contends that a fruitful study of semantics is possible only when, in addition to a deeper understanding of the way our mind conceptualizes the world, we also take into account the role of syntactic structures in meaning formation. This paper can therefore be rightly considered as a defense of Chomsky"s syntactico-centric approach to meaning. This paper looks at the syntax and semantics of possession in natural language. The major goals of this paper are: to examine certain syntactic peculiarities in natural language expressions for possession that cannot be understood by just looking at cognitive prototypes and schemas; to investigate the contribution of individual discrete elements to the semantics of possessive constructions; and finally to provide a syntactic account of the semantics of alienable and inalienable possession and part-whole relations in the Hindi language.


A number of medical and social processes, including the development of r 'community psychiatry," have resulted in a significant fall in the numbers of mental hospital inpatients (Tooth & Brooke, 1961), in both Britain and other countries. For community psychiatry to be successful, however, it is essential that residential facilities be developed to accommodate discharged patients outside hospitals. These have not kept pace with the rate at which suitable patients could be discharged; and a variety of methods, as alternatives to staffed hostels, have now emerged to provide sheltered accommodation.


Electronic light typography can content various edit demand, and has complete function of wordage and chart. Modernization of journal publishing grounds more and more on development and appication of electronic light typography.


The development of laser technologies to produce extreme intensities has allowed the generation of high-order harmonics from relativistic laser-plasma mirror interactions to become attainable to observe experimentally. Numerical plasma simulations are invaluable for understanding the dynamic processes underpinning this mechanism. However, accuracy in describing high-frequency electromagnetic waves is challenging. Finite Difference Time Domain methods give rise to numerical dispersion when used to solve Maxwell's equations, inducing a dispersive change in vacuum refractive index, which causes significant errors in physical properties of the reflected field, such as an angular deviation in the harmonic spatial profiles from the predicted specular reflection. EPOCH Particle-In-Cell (PIC) code is used to perform two-dimensional (2D) simulations to extensively study and control the effects of numerical dispersion on the generated harmonics for several Maxwell solvers. Effects on angular deviation across a range of angles of incidence and strategies to mitigate dispersive effects via controlling interaction geometry are discussed.


This work is a stress numerical study of cold-formed tensile-loaded steel angles with bolt-connections. Due to the bolted connection, the angle does not deform evenly, resulting in a phenomenon known as shear lag, which reduces the resistant capacity of the angle under tension. This phenomenon is also investigated in this work. For the calculation of the piece final capacity, the hypothesis of rupture of the net section is examined and the phenomenon of shear lag considered through the factor 𝐶𝑡. In order to verify the behavior of cold-formed angles with bolted connections subjected to traction, several angles were modeled using the ABAQUS commercial finite element analysis package, considering geometric and material non-linearity. The results obtained in the numerical analysis were compared with results of experimental tests, reaching a good agreement between them. However, it was verified the feasibility of numerical modeling in the support and complementation of experimental research involving thin sheet profiles.


Objective To explore the efficacy of the predictive nursing procedures on intra-hospital transport of critical patients.Methods Sixty critical patients who received intra-hospital transport from January to December 2010 were selected as control group.They were escorted with ordinary recovery stretcher with proper position and smoothness of respiratory tract.They were monitored carefully during the transport.Another 60 critical patients who received intra-hospital transport from January to December 2011 were selected as experiment group.Predictive nursing procedures were administered in the pre-transport,intra-transport and post-transport.Transport time,adverse events and incidence of medical disputes between the two groups were observed.Results Intra-hospital transport time in the control group was(38.6±6) min,while it was(30.2±3) min in the experiment group.The transfer efficiency of the experiment group was higher than that of the control group(P0.01).Incidence of adverse events and medical disputes of the experiment group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P0.05).Conclusion The application of predictive nursing procedures in the intra-hospital transport of critical patients can effectively reduce the transport time,improve the quality of treatment,optimize the physician-patient relationship,and reduce incidence of adverse events,so it is worthy of wide application.


The erector spinae plane (ESP) block was initially described in 2016 making it one of the "newest kids on the block" in terms of regional anaesthesia.1 The ESP block technique was demonstrated in the management of chronic and acute analgesia of the thoracic dermatomes.1 Specifically, it was first used in the treatment of patients suffering from chronic thoracic neuropathic pain and patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery.1-3 Subsequently, the technique was expanded craniocaudally along the interfascial plane with equivalent analgesic efficacy for cervical, thoracic and lumbar dermatomes.2,3 The novel ESP block challenges many of the older techniques with its profound versatility, simplicity and wide range of applications.3


The aim of the present work was to assess the genetic diversity of fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains found in the natural niches from Cote d'Ivoire in order to constitute a strain collection representing the Ivorian's fermented food products biodiversity wealth as a basis for future strain selection and domestication programs. For this purpose, a total of 274 yeast strains isolated from three traditional alcoholic beverages (raffia wine, palm oil wine and tchapalo) through 13 production areas were identified with NTS2 PCR-RFLP, sequencing of the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rDNA and typed with interdelta PCR analysis. A total of 21 different interdelta profiles, corresponding to 21 different biotypes were found among the 115 isolates of raffia wine, 30 biotypes among the 92 isolates of palm wine and 20 biotypes among the 67 isolates of tchapalo. Most of these strains were specific to a region under study for each beverage. Saccharomyces cerevisiae diversity in tchapalo was the same for all the regions under study (an average of 4 profiles for 10 isolates). For raffia and palm oil wines, S. cerevisiae diversity was low at Adzope and Bingerville respectively compared to the other sampling areas. The strains of biotypes Riii (20%) and Rii (18.26) in the raffia wines, Pviii(14.1%) and Pv (10.8%) in palm oil wines and those of biotype Txvi (14%), Tviii (10.5%) and Txii (10.5%) in the tchapalo beers were the dominant strains in the three beverages.


For a group action on a Kac algebra with the crossed product Kac algebra , we will show that is a sub-Kac algebra of . We will also investigate the intrinsic group of and get a group action on a symmetric Kac algebra with the crossed product sub-Kac algebra of .


Economy and especially economic activities play a fundamental role in cities and in surrounding areas: it keeps the city functioning, in terms of jobs, goods and services. Considering this fundamental role of economy and economic activities and the vast amount of space it uses, it should be deeply studied and understood in order to guarantee a solid future to the sector itself and the cities.
This paper respesents an attempt to research more in depth this matter: it tries to show how economy is organised and structured in a city and surrounding areas and how it can be analysed and considered by policy makers. The aim is to define economic types that represent the frame on which different types of spatial policies, ideally one for each economic location type, should be developed and implemented by policies makers.
The project is based on a visual economic activities database. This contains information on all the visible economic units where people work or that are meant to be worked in. The study areas are the northern part of Brussels and two other areas located in Flanders (Belgium). Thanks to this visual inventory, we first tried to define a GIS methodology that defines and subdivides the economic fabric into different areas, according to the concentration of economic activities. This work is based on the hypothesis that the morphology of parcels with economic units on them is an indicator of location choice of companies. Secondly, we combined the database of economic activities with the data on economic fabric concentration in order to define and analyse different economic location types which represent potential economic locations for companies.
In this paper we will explain the method used for the data elaboration and the difficulties encountered during the work. We will also discuss how this new economic location types could be used as an instrument in a planning or policy process to define the future perspective for a specific area.


The network storage technique such as SAN or IP SAN is widely used,the complicated system architecture and multi-vendor is also bringing difficulties to interoperability and management.For this,the SNIA released the storage management initiative specification(SMI-S) which allows different classes of hardware and software products supplied by multiple vendors to reliably and seamlessly interoperate for the purpose of monitoring and controlling resources.This paper introduces the SMI-S business rationale and objectives,analyzes the interface definition and its ability,describes the operational principle and the interoperability mechanism of SMI-S,points out the advantages for owning characteristic,discusses the SMI-S application status in development trend and puts forward the SMI-S application tentative plan.


Abstract The meaning of home has been the subject of much recent debate. The paper explores this debate and uses empirical data from New Zealand to demonstrate that the meaning of home reflects specific sets of historical and social circumstances and is multi‐dimensional. Key features include home as a cultural value, the investment potential of home and the impacts of gender on the meanings attached to home and home life. The paper explores the meanings of home amongst a group of older New Zealanders interviewed towards the end of 1993 and in early 1994, a time of considerable upheaval within state policy with respect to the elderly. For this group 'home' was synonymous with home ownership and reflected deeply held concerns with respect to security, family and continuity. These same concerns it is argued gave rise to the specific pattern of housing tenure, predominantly owner occupation, that developed within New Zealand. Out of these concerns for security and family continuity comes a focus upon bequeat...


routledge companion to theatre and performance is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the routledge companion to theatre and performance is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Fuzzy association rules with its linguistic annotations, provides a convenient extension of association concepts to quantified attributes and broadens their applicability by also extracting negative association rules. Traditionally, interestingness measures are used to filter out the right set of actionable association rules from the larger set of rules mined by algorithms. Several measures from support and confidence to conviction and certainty factor have their own area of applicability and statistical significance. This paper presents support matrix using fuzzy partitions, as a natural extension of contingency table for quantified and ordered categorical attributes so that interestingness measures can be defined in a uniform and consistent manner. The existing interestingness measures defined in new form are used to characterise complimentary and substitute attributes and new interestingness measures are proposed to measure the irrelevance of attribute data. Theoretical evaluation of various properties for interestingness measures helps in identifying representative set of eight measures.


In the prevailing days social networking sites helps people to connect easily across the world and gain knowledge and also share their interests. But, unfortunately in some cases these sites became a platform for cyber bullying. Cyber bullying is the act which causes emotional and psychological distress leading to depression, anxiety, fear and low selfesteem to the victims. Cyberbullying can be elucidated as usage of digital communication typically by sending messages to threaten, defame, harass or intimidate someone. Common social media platforms like twitter, facebook, instagram are exposed to cyberbullying which has become very common now-a-days. This can be reduced to an extent if such intimidating messages or comments are segregated. The process of classifying a sentence whether it is positive, negative or neutral is known as sentiment analysis. It helps in determining emotional tone behind a sentence. To classify these intimidating messages this paper proposes a hybrid classifier approach which classifies reviews into positive or negative. Experimental results show that the accuracy of the classifier for considered dataset is 89.36%.


Hagerstrand's minimalist representation of individual lives and opportunities as lifelines and prisms predates the technologies available to current GIScience but resonates with many emerging spatio-temporal data model describing human activity in space and time. It also offer strong synergies with the various approaches that use data sets representing the tracks of individuals in order to explore patterns in their movements and associated activities. Almost inevitably such tracking data sets utilise (x,y,t) and activity data (representing lifelines) which are sampled over time and space and are eventually embedded for analysis within a digital geospatial environment. There are clear issues of error in both the data defining the environment used for analysis and that defining the movement as sampled (x,y,t) points, and consequently specific properties of the interaction emerge which would be of interest to us. While the lifeline is one of a number of attempts to represent human (or any object's) presence in space-time the concept of the prism focuses more on interpolating where an object could be, or might be, when it is between two known points. This idea of prism is a derivative spatio-temporal construct which has a further dimension of vagueness and uncertainty attached to it. Such properties require both identification and representation. This paper explores two issues. The first is the nature of uncertainty and error in an actual or interpolated lifeline data models related to typical kinds of analysis of movement and activity within a digital representation of its embedding geography. The second examines the nature of any prism of opportunity that is inferred from partial lifeline data and then deployed in accessibility studies. Specifically it discusses how issues of spatio-temporal uncertainty in the derivation of prisms can be calculated, represented and analysed using the rod-field model proposed by McDowall. It contends that the personal prism is a legitimate and valuable construct within GI Science, but that allowing prisms to acquire appropriate qualities of continuity and vagueness is an important aspect of delivering information which is appropriately described as to nature and quality.


Yin'e Basin, which evoluted from the Mesozoic intra plate pull apart depressions, locates in the suture zone of four plates and composed of a series of individual Jurassic Cretaceous lacustrine basins, developed a typical Jurassic and Cretaceous petroleum supersystem. Study shows that the Jurassic supersystem(mainly middle and lower Jurassic), which is relatively limited in range and poor in coal source rock and generation reservoir seal formation, is overlain by the lower Cretaceous supersystem and has prospecting of oil and gas,and that while as far as the Cretaceous supersystem(mainly lower Cretaceous) is concerned, its extension is basin wide and it is rich in lacustrine source rock and generation reservoir seal formation, the depressions with overlying formation of lower Tertiary and upper Cretaceous are especially favorable in prospecting. The most favorable prospecting area of lower Cretaceous petroleum supersystem located in the slope of single faulted depression with deep covering and proper overlying.


This study attempts to evaluate the performance of 15 mentally retarded children on the TMI-Grolier Time Telling Program presented on a teaching machine. The experimental design was pretest, training, posttest. Results indicated an increase in gain scores which ranged from two to 11 on the posttest for all subjects. Little relationship was evident between the gain scores on time telling and achievement or IQ. The findings suggested that mentally retarded subjects can profit from a teaching machine program written for normal children. The primary advantage seemed to be in rapid determination of problems involved in learning the task. Perceptual ability may be a factor in successful performance of subjects.


Thank you very much for reading milton the puritan portrait of a mind. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen books like this milton the puritan portrait of a mind, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful bugs inside their computer. milton the puritan portrait of a mind is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our books collection hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the milton the puritan portrait of a mind is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Belt conveyor is one of famous material handling equipment on industry around the world. It can be used to transport cement, coal and others. Capacity of belt conveyor depend on wide of belt, power motor, distance of transport area, material that will be transport and velocity of belt. As a case study, PT PUSRI Palembang has belt conveyor 5857-V series 600 ton per hour capacity. The aim of this research is to find the real capacity and velocity of this belt conveyor on field and analize what factor influence if some differences come up. Based on calculation, from 37 KW power motor, real capacity of this belt conveyor is 398,33 ton per hour and its speed is 0,93 m/s. Meanwhile, to reach maximum capacity 600 ton per hour, belt conveyor needs speed 1,4 m/s by using 50 KW power motor. Keywords: Belt Conveyor, Capasity, Velocity.


Retrospective catalogue of the year's programming at this student-run gallery. Featuring eleven exhibitions of student and professional work, in various media, with most of the artists providing artist's statements.


Different advanced sensorless techniques have been proposed based on the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) principle to make the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives mechanically more robust. However, in the special application such as high-power traction systems, the difference between the switching frequency and the calculation frequency is large, and the inconsistency between the command voltage and the actual voltage will affect the accuracy of the MARS estimator. To overcome such a drawback, this paper proposes a novel voltage reconstruction method to improve the accuracy of the MRAS estimator. Simulations and experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Combining with the proposed algorithm, the problem of the inconsistency can be solved, and an accurate rotation estimation can be realized.


Many statistical models (mainly due to physical propagation studies and field measurements) have been proposed to characterize the statistics of the NLOS flat-fading wireless communication channel. There appears to have no known statistical theory on the formation of many of these fading envelope statistics. We offer the statistical modeling of fading envelope statistics under the NLOS assumption based on the SIRP representation. In practice, these channel statistics cannot be modeled with certainty. We advocated the use of moment-bound theory to obtain bounds on the system performance metrics. In this paper, we combine the theory of moment bounds with that of SIRP, and the use of the SDP optimization method to show how sharper bounds of the error rate and ergodic channel capacity of a communication system can be computed.


Background and Aims:  Nutlin‐3, a selective small‐molecule inhibitor of the p53‐MDM2 interaction, has been shown to have antitumor activities in various tumors with wild‐type p53. However, its effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with different types of p53 remains unclear. This study is designed to determine nutlin‐3′s antitumor efficacy and underlying mechanisms of action in human HCC cells.


NY 304901. Instead of the non-defensive stone enclosures of Tyne-Forth, E Dumfriesshire appears to have had embanked enclosures with interior scooping and timber houses. Their assumed medieval date has been disproved by excavation at Boonies, a 0.07ha settlement with a TPQ of late 1st century AD. Within the enclosure were the ring-trenches of 13 round houses, mostly occupied only one at a time, but in the end five houses co-existed and one had encroached on the bank area.


BACKGROUND AND AIM: The present study was carried out with the aim to evaluate the salivary glucose levels among children with early childhood caries (ECC) compared to a group of healthy children without any caries and help control ECC. METHODS: 55 children with an age range of 5-6 years were selected from some kindergartens. Then the subjects were divided into two groups of with ECC & without ECC as test and control groups, respectively, then they referred to the Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. The salivary samples were collected from the subjects at 8 to 9 in the morning and sent to the laboratory to determine the salivary glucose levels. Data were analyzed using t-test with a significance level of P < 0.05. RESULTS: The mean salivary glucose level among girls and boys with ECC were 0.11 ± 0.06 and 0.15 ± 0.12 mmol/l, respectively, with 0.11 ± 0.07 for girls and 0.13 ± 0.05 mmol/l for boys in the control group. There was no significant difference between ECC and control groups in terms of the salivary glucose levels (P = 0.61). CONCLUSION: The present study showed no significant difference in the salivary glucose levels among children with ECC and the control subjects.


Chronic pain sometimes follows a stroke. This is often thought to be an unusual, if not rare, occurrence, and it took over 10 years for Bowsher to amass the 130 patients with pain from stroke and subarachnoid haemorrhage reported in this Journal.' Yet in the first prospective study reported last year, Andersen and colleagues showed that as many as 8% of patients have persistent pain a year after their stroke.2 Although only a small proportion of stroke victims will have chronic pain, because stroke is so common, pain must affect surprisingly large numbers of people, many of whom will not necessarily be under medical review. The purpose of this editorial is to draw attention to the importance of this "hidden" disorder, place it within the context of central pain, and briefly summarise some clinical aspects and possible mechanisms. Pain after stroke is an example of central pain, defined as "regional pain caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the CNS, usually associated with abnormal sensibility to temperature and to noxious stimulation."3 (For reviews on central pain, see 4 7; for a historical review of the terminology and development of the concept, see8.) WXhereas stroke is the commonest cause, followed by multiple sclerosis9 11 and spinal cord injury,'2 there are numerous other neurological disorders that can give rise to central pain; cerebral causes include tumours,'3 penetrating head injuries,'4 epilepsy,' 157 Parkinson's disease,8I " and motor neuron disease2'; and spinal causes include syringomyelia,2'22 spinal cord infarction,2 and tumours.4 6 Central pain may also follow surgical lesions of the nervous system,6 24 but curiously it rarely follows blunt head injury or craniotomy. Pain after stroke can be considered the epitome of central pain, and many of the clinical features and therapeutic strategies employed in this condition are common to other conditions causing central pain.


In order to analyze diffraction field of orthogonal cosine-gratings,it was analyzed based on the method of wave-front phase factors and considering the influence of limited aperture of grating.The phase-front function,amplitude and intensity expressions of the diffraction field were deduced.The amplitude and intensity of light distribution diagram of phase plane were obtained.Finally,the half-angle-width of maximum value in the center was given.This study may further provide a theoretical foundation to analyze diffraction of orthogonal cosine-gratings.


The invention relates to a method for adjusting or regulating a tire inflation pressure in at least one vehicle tire (2, 3) of a vehicle (1), in which - in measuring and filling cycles (22) of the tire at least a vehicle tire (2, 3) is regulated by measuring and filling by a seal (24) is applied in each case in at least one rotary joint (9) and with an applied seal (24) tire pressure is changed and / or measured and subsequently the seal (24) is disconnected again, whereby the measuring and filling cycles (22) can be introduced during the journey of the vehicle (1), and - in intermediate periods (23) between the measuring or filling cycles (22) the seal is not applied (24). It is provided that the measuring and filling cycles (22) and the intermediate periods (23) can be adjusted in dependence on determined actual vehicle parameters (v, n, T_Br) of the vehicle (1).


Recent advances in asset pricing—the reduced-form approach to pricing risky debt and derivatives—are used to quantitatively evaluate several proposals for mandatory bank issue of subordinated debt. We find that credit spreads on both fixed- and floating-rate subordinated debt provide relatively clean signals of bank risk and are not unduly influenced by nonrisk factors. Fixed-rate debt with a put is unacceptable, but making the putable debt floating resolves most problems. Our approach also helps to clarify several different notions of "bank risk."


Women and Leisure: A Study of Social Waste. By Lorine Pruette (Mrs. Fryer). New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1924. Pp. xxiv + 225. Psychological Tests in Business. By A. W. Kornhauser and F. A. Kingsbury. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1924. Pp. ix + 194. Price, $1.90. Here and Now Primer. By Mrs. Lucy Sprague Mitchell. New York: E. P. Dutton Co. Price, 70 cents. The Nature of Intelligence. By L. L. Thurstone. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1924. Pp. xvi + 167. Price, $3.75. The Materials of Beading: Their Selection and Organization. By Willis L. Uhl (University of Wisconsin). Newark, N. J.: Silver, Burdett & Co., 1924. Pp. xiv + 386. Price, $1.50. The Story Key to Geographic Names. By O. D. von Engeln (Cornell University) and Jane McKelway Urquhart (Cascadilla School). New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1924. Pp. xvi + 279. Educational Tests and Measurements. By Walter Scott Monroe (University of Illinois), James Clarence DeVoss (State Teachers College, San Jose, Cal.), and Frederick James Kelly (Univers...


In 2001, Kevin M. Godfrey and David J.P. Barker published the article "Fetal Programming and Adult Health" in Public Health Nutrition , where they identified the significance of maternal nutrition during pregnancy [5] to healthy offspring development. The authors describe the effects of maternal nutrition on fetal programming of cardiovascular disease. Fetal programming is when a specific event during pregnancy [5] has effects on the fetus [6] long after birth. The authors argue that fetuses may adapt to varying shifts in their environment in utero , such as slowed fetal growth in response to malnutrition. While those adaptations can be helpful in utero , the authors assert they may persist into adolescence and adulthood, causing conditions such as high blood pressure or diabetes. Godfrey and Barker assert that fetal adaptations to maternal malnutrition may be implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease in adulthood, and called for future research investigating additional fetal programming variables. "Fetal Programming and Adult Health" is a review of what was known about the effects of fetal programming on cardiovascular disease at the time of the article's publication. The authors, Godfrey and Barker, worked together at the University of Southampton in Southampton, England, studying human development and epidemiology, which is the study of what causes health outcomes and diseases throughout populations. They wrote many papers together exploring various fetal programming effects during pregnancy [5] and early life. Godfrey primarily studied methods aimed at improving the growth and development of children early on so as to improve their lifelong health. Barker proposed the Barker Hypothesis, which was one of the first hypotheses proposing the idea for the existence of fetal programming, as a way to explain the developmental causes of diseases. The authors state that at the time of the article's publication, people generally believed that low neonatal birthweight was associated with an increased likelihood to develop coronary heart disease and related cardiac disorders in adulthood, including hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Cardiovascular disease refers to all types of diseases affecting the heart, whereas coronary heart disease is specifically diagnosed when there is a blockage they identified the significance of maternal nutrition during pregnancy to healthy offspring development. The authors describe the effects of maternal nutrition on fetal programming of cardiovascular disease. Fetal programming is when a specific event during pregnancy has effects on the fetus long after birth. The authors argue that fetuses may adapt to varying shifts in their environment in utero, such as slowed fetal growth in response to malnutrition. While those adaptations can be helpful in utero, the authors assert they may persist into adolescence and adulthood, causing conditions such as high blood pressure or diabetes. Godfrey and Barker assert that fetal adaptations to maternal malnutrition may be implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease in adulthood, and called for future research investigating additional fetal programming variables.


The rate constant of the reaction of NO3 radical with CF3I was determined by a relative rate method using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer smog chamber with a long path length gas cell. As a result, the upper limit of the rate constant was determined to be <2.2 × 10−18 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 in 100 Torr of total pressure at 298 K, which suggests that CF3I emitted into the atmosphere accumulates during night. The rate constant of the reaction of NO3 with I(2P3/2) was also measured using time-resolved cavity ring-down spectroscopy. The rate constant showed no pressure dependence in the range of 100–500 Torr of total pressure at 298 K and was determined to be (3.9 ± 1.0) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The present result is different from the previous ones and is about half of that reported most recently. From this rate constant, it is likely that the reaction of NO3 radical with I(2P3/2) does not have a much influence on the loss of I(2P3/2) and the formation cycle of IO radical in the atmosphere. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 649–660, 2012


The Raman spectrum of a single crystal of monoclinic B-type (C) gadolinium sesquioxide is presented. The low temperature polarization studies allowed the unambiguous attribution of 20 among the 21 normal modes expected according to the C2h factor group analysis predictions.


The invention discloses a piezoelectric transduction type magnetostrictive sensor used for liquid level (displacement) measurement and a piezoelectric type torsional wave transducer thereof. The piezoelectric type torsional wave transducer comprises a waveguide wire, the output section of the waveguide wire is provided with an amplification rod, and the ends of the amplification rod are connectedwith piezoelectric elements. After a torsional wave signal is transmitted to the amplification rod through the waveguide wire and is amplified, the torsional wave signal is converted into an electricsignal and output. A normal line of each piezoelectric element is vertical to the waveguide wire and the amplification rod. The amplification rod converts circumferential torsional waves transmitted by the waveguide wire into distortion approximate to a linear direction on the normal line of each piezoelectric element so as to act on the piezoelectric elements to generate charges. Two ends of theamplification rod are respectively provided with the piezoelectric elements with same polar directions, and the piezoelectric elements can simultaneously generate differential piezoelectric signals. The piezoelectric type torsional wave transducer has the advantages that the commonly-used piezoelectric ceramic plates of a thickness oscillating mode are used as the piezoelectric elements, thus thecost is low; the transducer has simple structure and simplified process; and the piezoelectric elements can be used for directly converting mechanical signals into voltage signals, thus the advantages of fewer links and high sensitivity are achieved.


The invention discloses a light efficient combined type buffering impact-relieving device. The light efficient combined type buffering impact-relieving device comprises multiple stages of thin-wall stainless steel round pipes, foam metal, elastic rubber pieces and metal thin pieces, wherein the multiple stages of thin-wall stainless steel round pipes are axially arranged on a bridge pier in the direction of impact force, the multiple stages of thin-wall stainless steel round pipes are formed by sleeving multiple thin-wall stainless steel round pipes with different radiuses and heights, and gaps inside the multiple stages of thin-wall stainless steel round pipes are filled with the foam metal; the foam metal comprises a plurality of foam metal units with different void ratios and compression performance; the elastic rubber pieces are arranged on the end surfaces of the foam metal units or in the foam metal units; the top surfaces and the bottom surfaces of the multiple stages of thin-wall stainless steel round pipes are sealed through the metal thin pieces. The light efficient combined type buffering impact-relieving device is high in buffering energy absorption efficiency and can largely reduce impact force of vehicles on the bridge pier, thereby realizing effective protection for the bridge pier and maximum protection for passengers.


The purpose of Essentials of Palliative Care is to educate professionals from many different health care fields (nurses, physicians, social workers, physical and occupational therapists, nutritionists, and related occupations) in hospice and other care settings about the issues of when and how to commence palliative care for symptom management. Palliative care includes management of pain, nutrition level, depression susceptibility, and general functional status; the multi-dimensional foci to ensure "quality" of care during this end-of-life transition process (e.g., physical, psychological, emotional, social, and spiritual care focus); and associated decision making regarding the maintenance and eventual cessation of palliative care interventions. This book is logical in its sequencing of section topics, and well-written in both its content and tone. The book presents rather intricate and complicated care topics in an in-depth, practical, and professional manner. The combination of research and practical guidelines illustrate the utility of different intervention options and help to educate professionals on many different factors to be considered for decision-making purposes. Book chapters present informative practical information about the many different issues related to hospice and palliative care in a comprehensive and easy-to-follow manner, emphasizing that each person is unique in terms of symptoms and having different needs. In addition, this book does a great job of reinforcing learning by presenting review questions, both conceptual and applied in nature, at the end of each chapter. Although presenting rather complex topics related to quality care interventions, the book is very well-organized and understandable. The structure of each book section presents conceptual information, supportive imagery, and illustrative tables/figures in a "user friendly" manner. It might be helpful to have supplemental appendices with additional support references and resources in this already informative guide. The intended target audience for the book is hospice and palliative care professionals who are either singular in practice or are a part of a care team (e.g., social workers). This book would also be an important resource in the training of students entering this area of specialty. A strong point of Essentials of Palliative Care is that it is a useful reference guide for


Kabuki (Niikawa-Kuroki) syndrome (KS) is a congenital syndrome characterized by multiple anomalies including distinctive facies, palatal anomalies, congenital heart defects, urogenital malformations, hearing loss, skeletal anomalies, short stature and developmental delays. The characteristic facial features include eversion of the lower eyelids, sparse arched eyebrows, long palpebral fissures and large anteverted ears (1). In a large series of patients with KS, the incidence of liver disease has been reported from 2% to 21% (1Y3). The spectrum of liver disease described in KS includes severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (4), biliary atresia (5Y7), neonatal sclerosing cholangitis (8) and hepatic fibrosis (9). Most of the reports of KS have little detail regarding long-term follow-up of the liver disease. In case reports with long-term follow-up, either the Kasai procedure or liver transplantation has been required to treat the underlying liver disease (5Y9). We present a patient with KS associated with sclerosing cholangitis and dyslipidemia who has responded both clinically and biochemically to combination therapy of ursodiol and cholestyramine.


Visitors to museums are increasingly drawn to posting images online that document and reflect their experience. Instagram, as a social media platform, has a proliferating presence in this context. Do different kinds of public spaces within the museum motivate people to share particular types of posts? What kind of posts do visitors generate from digitally immersive spaces with an interactive focus? These questions were unpacked through an exploration of data generated from a digitally immersive, interactive public space – the Immersion Room at the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum in New York. Findings indicate that constructs of self, place-making, and play constitute critical components of what occurs, and these aspects are amplified in immersive spaces leaving digital traces within social media. I argue that the intersection of immersive digital environments and visual social media platforms such as Instagram offer a moment to play with and subtlety reconstruct the self with place being a significant contextual frame for this activity. Implications extend and challenge perceptions and the role of both museums as public spaces and the ways in which visual forms of social media intersect with spaces and the people who use them.


AIM
To investigate the long term (≥5y) efficacy, predictability, and safety of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in eyes with thin corneas [central corneal thickness (CCT) <500 µm].

METHODS
A total of 339 patients met the criteria of this study. Finally, 175 eyes of 89 patients who had thin corneas and underwent LASIK≥5y ago returned to our clinic and included in this study. Preoperative parameters recorded included uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction, CCT and corneal topography. At returning visits, in addition to visual acuity and manifest refraction, ultrasound CCT and corneal topography were performed. Optical coherence tomography was used to measure the CCT, LASIK flap thickness, and residual stromal bed thickness (RSBT). Safety index, efficacy index, percentage of eyes within ±0.5 D and ±1.0 D of refraction, percent tissue altered (PTA), and percentage stromal bed thickness (PSBT) were calculated.

RESULTS
The safety index was 1.09 and efficacy index was 0.99. The percentages of eyes within ±0.5 D and ±1.0 D were 71.2% and 87.7%, respectively. The mean PTA was 40%±6% (range 20% to 55%); 76 eyes (43.4%) had PTA <40% and 99 eyes (56.6%) had PTA≥40%. The mean RSBT was 303±27 µm (range 240 to 390 µm), and 2 eyes had RSBT<250 µm. The mean PSBT was 61%±9% (range 51% to 85%). No eyes developed ectasia.

CONCLUSION
In this cohort with the PSBT of 50% or more, LASIK is safe with follow-up for at least 5y.


As the Internet becomes larger and larger, the number of users and applications using Internet increases very quickly.Congestion has become an important issue.To keep the stability of the whole network, congestion control algorithms have been extensively studied. There are two primary components in congestion:one is the source algorithm executed by host computers and edge devices, the other is the link algorithm executed by network devices. After introducing the basic concepts of congestion control algorithm, this paper summarizes the research work on TCP congestion control algorithms.Research directions and open problems in this area are also discussed.


A comprehensive, nonperturbative, time-dependent quantum mechanical (TDQM) approach is proposed for studying the dynamics of a helium atom under an intense, ultrashort (femtoseconds) laser pulse. The method combines quantum fluid dynamics (QFD) and density functional theory. It solves a single generalized nonlinear Schroedinger equation of motion (EOM), involving time and three space variables, which is obtained from two QFD equations, namely, a continuity equation and an Euler-type equation. A highly accurate finite difference scheme along with a stability analysis is presented for numerically solving the EOM. Starting from the ground-state Hartree-Fock density for He at t = 0, the EOM yields the time-dependent (TD) electron density, effective potential surface, difference density, difference effective potential, ground-state probability, {l_angle}r{r_angle}, magnetic susceptibility, polarizability, flux, etc. By a Fourier transformation of the TD dipole moment along the linearly polarized-field direction, the power and rate spectra for photoemission are calculated. eleven mechanistic routes for photoemission are identified, which include high harmonic generation as well as many other spectral transitions involving ionized, singly excited, doubly excited (autoionizing), and continuum He states, based on the evolution of the system up to a particular time. Intimate connections between photoionization and photoemission are clearly observed through computer visualizations. Apartmore » from being consistent with current experimental and theoretical results, the present results offer certain predictions on spectral transitions which are open to experimental verification.« less


A some what simplified method calculating the steady and incompressible laminar boundary layer flow is developed basing on the "local similarity". The analysis is performed by using the variables proposed by Goertler 1) . The calculated results are utilized to predict the separation points in some decelerated flows and the comparison with other exact solutions shows that the value of the "similar parameter" may be taken as -0.224 at the separation points in this method.


ABSTRACT The purpose of the current study is to investigate the existence of a moderating effect of a green initiative on the relationship between service quality and customers' satisfaction in the Chinese hotel context. The study adopts a 2 × 2 between-subjects experimental design using scenarios. Four scenarios provide a mixed combination of high or low cases for a hotel's green participation, and good or poor cases for service quality. The study uses the survey method to collect data from Chinese guests. It finds the main effect of service quality on customers' satisfaction and a significant moderating role for green initiatives on the relationship between service quality and customers' satisfaction, but interestingly found an opposite direction of the moderating role to the one hypothesized. The study's results also reveal an insignificant main effect of a green initiative on customers' satisfaction. The study provides theoretical and practical implications.