CD4+ CD25bright+ FoxP3+ T cells are potent regulators of T‐cell reactivity, but their possible involvement in donor‐specific nonresponsiveness after clinical kidney transplantation remains to be elucidated. We assessed the proliferative donor‐reactivity in 33 kidney allograft recipients who were maintained on a combination of proliferation inhibitors (mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or Azathioprine (Aza)) and prednisone, long (>5 years) after transplantation. Of the 33 patients, 8 still exhibited donor‐reactivity, whereas 25 were classified as donor nonreactive patients. Within these 25 donor nonreactive patients, we assessed the involvement of CD4+ CD25bright+ regulatory T cells both by depleting them from the responder population as well as by reconstituting them to the CD25−/dim effector population. The absence of proliferation in these 25 patients, was abolished in 7 (28%) recipients upon depletion of the CD4+ CD25bright+ T cells. Reconstitution of these cells suppressed the donor‐reactivity in a dose‐dependent manner. Adding‐back CD4+ CD25bright+ T cells inhibited the anti‐third party response in all recipients, indicating that functional CD4+ CD25bright+ T cells circulate despite more then 5 years of immunosuppressive treatment.


24 About five years ago, we began to think about replacing our aging student information system at the University of Saskatchewan. We had recently completed the implementation of a human resources system, and it would be fair to say that the campus community had never embraced the project or the system that resulted from it. Although neither of us was involved in the HR project, we were both members of the university community when the HR system was implemented. Like many others, we didn't feel a strong stake in it. The absence of community support severely disadvantaged the HR project and continues to do so. As we began to plan for the new student project, we realized that we needed to learn from the experiences and struggles of the project that had gone before. The way the HR project was received by our campus community taught us some valuable lessons and led us to seek a radically different approach—one that would make partners of our campus colleagues. Both of us came to this project inexperienced in implementing enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. We were—and probably still are—somewhat naïve about how to approach a large software project, but we came to this exercise with considerable experience in both academic and administrative roles. We have made our careers in and with academic processes and collegial culture. This meant that we were not naïve about things like the importance of consultation and process in a university setting, and the disastrous consequences if you don't prepare the ground. Although our inexperience with ERP projects might seem like a disadvantage, in retrospect it was probably an asset—we knew we had a lot to learn, Involving the faculty in planning and implementing administrative systems fosters campus-wide engagement and support


Latino men who have sex with men are a group at high risk for HIV infection. Much of the research addressing attitudes and behaviors related to HIV among Latinos in the United States has overlooked differences based on nationality. Brazilian immigrants, in particular, are an understudied subgroup of Latinos. This study compared HIV-positive Brazilian gay men (n = 75) with their Spanish-speaking counterparts from South America (n = 103) and Puerto Rico (n = 61) on a variety of HIV-related factors. Results failed to reveal any significant group differences in disclosure of serostatus or in behaviors relevant to sexual risk. Some differences in demographic characteristics, reasons for immigration, and acculturation, however, did emerge among the three groups. Implications for aggregation of Latino subgroups in HIV-related programs are discussed.


Arguing against the Galatian agitators, Paul contents that the Gentiles are saved by faith and are incorporated into the community of God not by the works of the law. He begins his argument by pointing out that the reception of the indwelling Spirit by faith is the undeniable evidence in their salvation experience. First, the reception of the Spirit proves the change of one's status before God. The Spirit testifies to the newly established filial bond between God and a believer by the Spirit crying out "Abba Father" from within one's heart. Second, the divine provision of the Spirit is the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham. Third, the Spirit is the guide and the sphere of Christian ethical living whose desire is against the desire of the flesh.


Downs employs Willa Cather's letters and newspaper columns, as well as touching on current work in the history of the book, to trace the growth of Cather as a novelist as she moved from writing a theatre column for a newspaper in Nebraska, to editing the immensely popular McClure's Magazine in New York City.


Interested in finding out what integrative/functional pharmacy is all about? Here's a list of resources to get you started — and a thought to take away.


This wide-ranging book brings together contributions from leading economic geographers and provides an authoritative overview of the geography, or rather, geographies, of the UK economy, addressing not only the uneven distribution of economic activities, employment and wealth across the UK, but also exploring the complex multi-scalar relations that connect the UK economy to the rest of the global economic system. Written and published in the middle of the (on-going) global economic crisis, this is a particularly timely volume. The editors explicitly set the book in the context of earlier contributions from the 1980s, notably Allen and Massey (1988) and Martin and Rowthorn (1986), which detailed the causes and consequences of the recession of that era, particularly the decline of traditional manufacturing industries and uneven regional development. The financial crisis of the late 2000s has precipitated a period of reflection and debate about the neoliberal model of capitalism that has become hegemonic since that time. This volume clearly contributes to this debate and may be read as both an overview and assessment of a period during which trade and financial markets have been liberalised, state assets have been privatised, and flexible labour markets have proliferated. In their introductory chapter the editors highlight five other key processes which have had a profound impact on the UK's space-economy over the last 20 years: globalisation (the openness of the UK economy to flows of people, goods, services, money, technology and knowledge crossing national borders); financialisation (the increasing size and significance of the financial sector in comparison to the rest of the economy); tertiarisation (the ongoing transformation of the UK into a service economy); flexibilisation (the increasing number of temporary jobs and part-time working); and immigration (the increasing significance of migration in economic and political terms). These themes run through all of the chapters and make this a very coherent collection. The individual chapters are grouped into four sections. The first, titled, 'Setting The Scene: Uneven Economic Geographies,' comprises an introduction and two essays which provide an overview of the changing – but persisting – inequalities and uneven development that have characterised the UK economy for decades. Danny Dorling uses a range of indicators, including those relating to employment and skills, to explore the so-called North–South divide in England, provocatively 'drawing a line on the map,' but also highlighting anomalies. Ron Martin's chapter looks more closely at the regional scale, charting the degree to which different parts of the UK benefitted from the economic boom of the late 1990s and early 2000s, and which have been hardest hit by the subsequent bust. The second section, titled, 'Landscapes of Power, Inequality and Finance,' focuses mainly on the financial sector with two chapters on the role of the state. For those in the field of vocational Journal of Vocational Education and Training Vol. 64, No. 2, June 2012, 227–231


Transparency, adhesion and electrical properties of the heat resistance and heat discoloration resistance, the substrate is excellent, and developability, and that a problem that storage stability of the photosensitive resin composition provides good. As the solution, to the [A], to provide a photosensitive resin composition including a [B] and [C]: Hydroxy-phenyl (meth) the copolymer [A] containing acrylate (a1), the unsaturated epoxy compound (a2) as a copolymer component; Dimethyl phenol, trimethyl phenol, methyl propyl phenol, di-propyl phenol, butyl phenol, one or two selected from methyl butyl phenol, dibutyl phenol, 4,4'-dihydroxy-2,2'-phenylpropane a novolak resin comprising one or more phenols [B], Quinonediazide group-containing compound [C].


A finding about one or more characteristics of gallbladder cancer, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system applies to gallbladder carcinomas. Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors and sarcomas are not staged using this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Multi-robot target pursuit is a typical problem in multi-robot systems and can be solved by mobile adaptive networks in distributed way. For the importance and difficulty in improving fault tolerance of multi-robot systems, many adaptations of mobile adaptive networks have emerged. This paper introduces fault detection and isolation to the standard (with the weighted average aggregation rule) and three existed adaptations (with the coordinate-wise median, geometric median, and centerpoint aggregation rules) of mobile adaptive networks, which uses the differences of the theoretical estimated values and the actual estimated values to predict normal neighbor set in mobile adaptive networks, and carries out target pursuit. Fault-tolerant multi-robot target pursuit algorithms with fault detection and isolation based on mobile adaptive networks are proposed to remove the interference of the faults in the networks to achieve better performance in target pursuit. Simulation experiments have been carried out with different numbers of faulty robots in the original algorithms and our improved algorithms. Our proposed algorithms are proved to perform better in convergence and accuracy than the original algorithms, especially when the number of faulty robots increases, and the improvement effects on target pursuit algorithms with different aggregation rules can be different.


Network telemetry is the technology for gaining network insight and
facilitating efficient and automated network management. It engages
various techniques for remote data collection, correlation, and
consumption. This document provides an architectural framework for
network telemetry, motivated by the network operation challenges and
requirements. As evidenced by some key characteristics and industry
practices, network telemetry covers technologies and protocols beyond
the conventional network Operations, Administration, and Management
(OAM). It promises better flexibility, scalability, accuracy,
coverage, and performance and allows automated control loops to suit
both today's and tomorrow's network operation. This document
clarifies the terminologies and classifies the modules and components
of a network telemetry system from several different perspectives. To
the best of our knowledge, this document is the first such effort for
network telemetry in industry standards organizations. The framework
and taxonomy help to set a common ground for the collection of related
work and provide guidance for future technique and standard
developments.


This paper presents a new low-cost method for coding artifact reduction of MPEG compressed video sequences. The algorithm detects possible locations of blocking and ringing artifacts by analyzing local spatial activity of luminance and chrominance components. The analysis explores differences in processing of luminance and chrominance during video coding. Depending on the outcomes of the analysis, one of three low-pass filters is applied. The results of our experiments show the high efficiency of the proposed approach.


Green packaging design has become an inevitable trend in the packaging industry with the impact of current world environmental protection.The green packaging design principles of reduce,reuse,and recycle were analyzed and discussed.The purpose was to provide a new point of thinking and packaging design method for designer.


Abstract The most sensitive X-ray survey available is a deep exposure made by the Einstein Observatory of a 40 arcmin field in the southern constellation of Pavo. This survey revealed 33 X-ray sources, most of which were optically identified with quasars. Here, we report radio observations of the Pavo region at 843 MHz made with the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope. Eight overlapping fields were combined to produce the most sensitive radio map of the region to date, revealing 33 radio sources above a flux density of 2.4 mJy. Only one of these radio sources corresponded to an X-ray object: a quasar at z = 1.13. We also used the Parkes-Tidbinbilla Interferometer, at 2.29 GHz and 8.41 GHz, to observe some of the stronger radio sources. From these multi-wavelength observations of the Pavo field it is apparent that, to the sensitivity of the surveys involved, (i) there is little correlation between X-ray and radio detections, and (ii) most of the X-ray sources have optical counterparts while few of the radio ones do, and (iii) there is some confirmation that X-ray emission is higher for objects with flat radio spectra (i.e., a dominant core) than for steep spectrum sources.


The combining ability for 8 milling quality and apparent quality characters was studies with 9 male sterile lines and 8 restorer lines of Dian-type Japonica Hybrid Rice widely used by the way of p×q incomplete diallel cross(NCⅡ) design.Both general combining ability(GCA) and the specific combining ability(SCA) of all characteristics were significant or highly significant.The milled rice ratio,the head milled rice ratio,the milled rice width,the chalky grain ratio and the chalkiness degree were controlled by both additive and non-additive effect.And the brown rice ratio,the milled rice length and ratio of length to width of milled rice were mainly controlled by the additive effect.8 quality characters were influenced more greatly by sterile lines than by restorer lines.To breeding good combinations for the milling and apparent quality traits of rice,the sterile line choice was very important.The narrow heritability in 8 quality characters ordered from high to low as ratio of length to width of milled rice,the milled rice length,the chalkiness degree,the chalky grain ratio,the milled rice width,the brown rice ratio,the milled rice ratio,the head milled rice ratio.The narrow heritability ranged from 74.93 % and 30.48 %.Based on the GCA and SCA of the parents,sterile lines Dianyu 1A,Dianjingyou 5-1A,Hexi 22-2A,Yuxixianggu A,and restorer lines Nan 34,DiankunXiang 1,Za 8 and Nan 34 xuan were recommendable.


A series of experiments and numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic performance of "Big blade" scull were made and influence of some kinematic and dynamic parameters such as scull frequency,its depth in water and range on the hydrodynamic performance of the blade were discussed.It was concluded that the relative movement between the blade and water caused the acting force of the blade;the acting force of the blade increased with the deeper the blade went into the water;and large scull range produced comparatively low pushing.It is suggested that any improvement of equipment and technique should be made in light of the improvement of the stroke speed in the water; bigger stroke frequenc should not be achieved with less blade depth in water;and neither bigger range should be achieved by less frequency of scull.


The Bayesian inference approach is widely used to tackle inverse problems due to its versatile and natural ability to handle ill-posedness. However, it often faces challenges when dealing with situations involving continuous fields or large-resolution discrete representations (high-dimensional). Moreover, the prior distribution of unknown parameters is commonly difficult to be determined. In this study, an Operator Learning-based Generative Adversarial Network (OL-GAN) is proposed and integrated into the Bayesian inference framework to handle these issues. Unlike most Bayesian approaches, the distinctive characteristic of the proposed method is to learn the joint distribution of parameters and responses. By leveraging the trained generative model, the posteriors of the unknown parameters can theoretically be approximated by any sampling algorithm (e.g., Markov Chain Monte Carlo, MCMC) in a low-dimensional latent space shared by the components of the joint distribution. The latent space is typically a simple and easy-to-sample distribution (e.g., Gaussian, uniform), which significantly reduces the computational cost associated with the Bayesian inference while avoiding prior selection concerns. Furthermore, incorporating operator learning enables resolution-independent in the generator. Predictions can be obtained at desired coordinates, and inversions can be performed even if the observation data are misaligned with the training data. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through several numerical experiments.


Two classical fractional-order complex chaotic systems and their projections of the chaotic attractor phase diagram are studied in this paper. The phase diagram proves the validity of the nonlinear chaotic characteristics of the system. What is more, an active misalignment synchronization controller based on Fractional-order System Stability Theory is proposed in this paper. Finally, numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed active controller could realize the misalignment synchronization between different complex chaotic systems.


This survey refutes Carl Schmitt's thesis that hold catholicism, and jesuitism in particular, as a great complexio oppositorum which joins both conservatism and leftism under a same absolute unity represented by the papal forms. The "ethos" of obedience postulated by the Society of Jesus decisively contributed to the formation of an Administration that surpasses the ecclesiastic burocracy's framework. It replaced the Renaissance education for an education with a Thomist stamp, decisive in the fashioning of the disciplined "ethos" of the official who acts sine ira et studio . But it failed for its attempt to replace the vitality, the naturalism and the confrontation of opinions of Liberalism under the aforementioned complexio oppositorum.


Of this non-scriptural statement that God revealed His name to Moses during their first encounter, Irving, reflecting accurately prevailing opinion on the point, observes, "The reference is not so much to Exod.3:13-14 äs to Exod. 6:2-3 (a later meeting between God and Moses) ... The poet is typically condensing the important features of several interviewe into one)." While it is of course possible that this is an independent alteration of the Vulgate account, it may be noted that at the close of Moses* first interview with God äs it is narrated by Josephus we read that Moses asked God to reveal His true name to him


The debate on the 30-min target for the decision-delivery interval at emergency caesarean section has been well covered [1]. Anecdotally, it originated in the USA as a pragmatic timeframe for a private practitioner obstetrician to come from home to a delivery unit and perform surgery. This standard is used by many countries, especially the UK and USA [2-4], although in some European countries a 15or 20-min standard pertains [5]. Theoretical and observational aspects of pathophysiology support a shorter decision-delivery interval time than 30 min in extreme cases. If placental function or fetal circulation are compromised severely and irreversibly, then the fetus will suffer increasing hypoxaemia and acidaemia; a 20-min duration may be the critical point beyond which a poor outcome is probable [6-8]. These processes include: placental abruption; uterine rupture with fetal extrusion; umbilical cord prolapse with compression or spasm; and fetal haemorrhage [6-9]. Arguably, for cases with suddenonset fetal bradycardia, the start of the bradycardia is the more relevant marker than the decision time to operate [8, 10], but thismay not always be documented.


We report an impedimetric sensor based on an interdigitated electrode array with electrode digits located at the bottom of microcapillaries formed in silicon dioxide which is used to monitor protamine-heparin interactions. Modification of the active sensor surface with protamine, a cationic protein used as a high affinity heparin antagonist, permits to register protamine-heparin complex formation as changes in the surface conductivity determined from the sensor impedance measured in an electrolyte solution. The adsorption curve shows that the detection limit is close to 0.01 U/mL (50 ng/mL) of heparin. The kinetics of the protamine-heparin complex formation is rather slow and requires at least 15 min to be accomplished. Heparin reaction with protamine is irreversible, however, it is possible to renew the sensor surface putting it in contact with protamine solution and thus use the sensor several times. The future prospects for the proposed sensing strategy are quite wide and can include the grafting of the sensor surface with modified nanoparticles, magnetic particles or self-assembled structures based on small synthetically-accessible molecular-scale building blocks which can act as protamine mimetics.


Background

Only few studies have reported the association between bronchiectasis and mortality in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and the results were controversial. This study aimed at assessing the prognostic influence of bronchiectasis on COPD patients and comparing differences of prognostic influence of different types of bronchiectasis on COPD patients.

Patients and methods

This study enrolled patients hospitalized for COPD exacerbation between 2013 and 2014. Bronchiectasis was identified on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) within 2 years prior to this hospitalization due to COPD exacerbation and Smith score was used to determine the extent of bronchiectasis. Clinical data were obtained from electronic inpatient medical record. The survival data were obtained through telephone follow-up or electronic medical record. Cox regression analysis was used to assess the prognostic influence of bronchiectasis on COPD patients.

Results

748 COPD patients were included in this study. 318 patients were identified to have bronchiectasis. During a median follow-up time of 46 months, 624 COPD patients completed follow-up. There were 210 deaths, 112 of whom were comorbid bronchiectasis patients. Comorbid bronchiectasis patients revealed higher mortality than without bronchiectasis patients in 3 years and the whole follow-up, other than in hospital, 1 year and 2 years. The presence of bronchiectasis and its severity were independently associated with increased mortality of COPD patients. The presence of cystic/varicose bronchiectasis revealed higher mortality than cylindrical bronchiectasis and was independently associated with increased mortality of comorbid bronchiectasis patients.

Conclusions

The presence of bronchiectasis and its severity were independently associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality and mainly affected the long-term mortality of COPD patients. The presence of cystic/varicose bronchiectasis predicted higher death risk of COPD patients.


It tried to explore the impact of potash fertilizer on chestnut production, improving yield per unit area of chest-nut by increasing the amount of potash fertilizer. Take foliar spray of potassium nitrate, and then compare the effect of spray times on chestnut growth and flowering. The test results showed that: the potassium has a significant impact on average leaf area, average leaf weight, the number of branches result, the average number of female inflorescences,the average number of male flowers, fruit weight, seat Punta rate and empty-shell ratio. After foliar spray fertilizer,an increase of 24.8%in leaf area, 13.3 % in leaf weight, 41.7% in the number of female flowers, 22.9%in seat Punta rate, reduction of 70.9% in the empty-shell rate; then the grains increased by 47.1%, the real rate increased by 7.9%, seed weight per hundred grain increased by16.7% and plant production increased by 105%. Practice has proved that foliar spray of potassium has a higher yield benefits to chestnut.


Infantile idiopathic scoliosis is a structural scoliosis seen in infants, usually boys, with the major curve to the left in almost all cases, and almost invariably in the mid-or lower thoracic region. It occasionally disappears, but in general the curve tends to increase. In the absence of any discoverable etiology it is termed "idiopathic" and it is believed not to differ in essentials from the more common adolescent scoliosis.

Lumbar idiopathic scoliosis has a good prognosis as to deformity, but leads more often than any other curvature to degenerative arthritis and pain in later life.


Image compression is extremely important for such application as transmission and storage of message. This paper discusse the method for construction of generic 9-7 tap bi-orthogonal wavelet filters. The main characteristic and principle of digital video code chip ADV611 based on 9-7 tap bi-orthogonal wavelet filters were introduced. The test results of compression video image signal using ADV611 were also given. 


A B S T R A C T Green Informatics constitute a new term in the science of information that describes the utilization of informatics in the interest of the natural environment and the natural resources regarding sustainability and sustainable development. Nowadays, ICT has introduced the convergence of e-services with broadband network infrastructure, wireless technologies and mobile devices. The revolution of ICTs introduction in daily average life has also resulted in the increase of GHG, since the ''carbon footprint'' is continually increasing. The dimensions of Green Informatics contribution are: the reduction of energy consumption, the rise of environmental awareness, the effective communication for environmental issues and the environmental monitoring and surveillance systems, as a means to protect and restore natural ecosystems potential. EU has reinforced the environmental sector with focus on high level of protection and improvement of the quality of environment through the enacting of strategies, initiatives and measures. Future EU strategy aims to a low carbon European society by 2050 and to green/sustainable development, ICTs can play a key role in the environmental protection and sustainability, however, green behavior is still critical.


This Columbia School analysis of the Swahili suffix li rests on the distinction between meaning and message, as the proposed hypothesis does not simply categorize message types as previous analyses have done, but rather posits a single meaning which accounts for the various messages to which li contributes. Our hypothesis, unlike others', accounts for all instances of li , as well as for what has been called "double- li ". The analysis posits a new type of Control meaning. Specifically, li instructs the hearer to interpret a non-high controller at a higher, more potent level of control than if li were not used.


Skill is something which we born with. It is found interesting that a government of a country is taking an initiative to find out the skills of their people. The study on various aspects of skill India with context of Gujarat is required to study in order to put a mathematical model in front of youth of our country and our state of Gujarat.


. The present article investigates an innovative structural composite material concept with the additional functionality of acoustic damping. It is achieved by introducing an embedded elastomeric layer within the composite laminate, which constitutes a constrained layer damping (CLD) system. The main objective is to increase the acoustic performance of the baseline material, while its mechanical properties are maintained. In addition, material processability and inspectability have been considered as important drivers for the technology development. In order to identify the most promising candidate, a set of alternatives has been explored and analysed, giving rise to a compromise solution between the enhanced acoustic performance and the structural properties of the baseline material.


India's population dynamics have been making headlines this year as it has overtaken China to become the world's most populous country. The United Nations World Population Prospects projects that India's population will reach 1.4 billion in 2023, marking a significant milestone since the UN began tracking global population numbers in 1950. Since then, India has added over 1 billion people to its population, which is forecast to continue increasing until 2064, when it will peak at 1.7 billion people under the UN's medium variant projection. According to the high variant scenario, the population is expected to reach over 2 billion by 2064.


This article in detail introduced a cast in place of artificial digging,accident process,this was not achieved the bearing capacity by static load test,latter after the accident appraised,the engineering supplementing investigated,the accident was caused factor analysis,the foundation made up strong,the anchor rod pile constructed and the settlement observed,caused to accident of the constructs smoothly to completed.


We studied the intra- and interobserver variability in the calculation of stroke volume by the impedance technique, using the recently proposed refinements in the electrode configuration and signal processing. Three groups of patients were included in this study: ten stable cardiac patients who underwent a diagnostic heart catheterization, ten patients 24 - 26 h after coronary artery bypass surgery and ten patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The first two groups were studied at rest and the COPD group during sub-maximal exercise. The intra-observer variability was 4.2%, 3.9 - 4.0% and 6.0 - 6.9% for the catheterized, surgical and COPD groups, respectively. The interobserver variability was 4.3%, 2.6% and 2.4%, respectively. It is concluded that highly reproducible data can be obtained with the newly proposed impedance technique in patients at rest and exercise which may be comparable or superior to other techniques used in clinical settings. Keywords: stroke volume, impedance cardiography, variability


Osteoblastic bone metastasis is the predominant phenotype observed in prostate cancer patients and is associated with high patient mortality and morbidity. However, the mechanisms determining the development of this phenotype are not well understood. Prostate cancer cells secrete several osteogenic factors including Wnt proteins, which are not only osteoinductive but also oncogenic. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the contribution of the Wnt signaling pathway in prostate cancer growth, incidence of bone metastases, and osteoblastic phenotype of bone metastases. The strategy involved overexpressing the Wnt antagonist, DKK‐1, in the mixed osteoblastic and osteolytic Ace‐1 prostate cancer cells.


We employ a nonrecursive Darboux transformation formalism for obtaining a hierarchy of rogue wave solutions to the focusing vector nonlinear Schrödinger equations (Manakov system). The exact explicit rogue wave solutions up to the second order are presented. Typical rogue wave patterns such as Peregrine-type, triple, quadruple, and sextuple vector rogue waves, either bright–dark or bright–bright in their respective components, are put forward. Despite the diversity, there exists a universal compossibility that different rogue wave states could coexist for the same background parameters. It is also shown that the higher-order rogue wave hierarchy can indeed be thought of as a nonlinear superposition of a fixed well prescribed number of fundamental rogue waves. These results may help understand the protean rogue wave manifestations in areas ranging from hydrodynamics to nonlinear optics.


The effect of annealed (0001) α-Al2O3 surfaces on heteroepitaxial growth of silver nanoparticles were analysed by reflection high-energy electron diffraction, transmission electron microscope and selected area electron diffraction. Ag nanoparticles were deposited on 1 × 1 stoichiometric and reconstructed (111)Al//(0001) α-Al2O3 with the Knudsen cell. The maximum cluster density method and the Lifethenz theory of Van der Waals energy were used to investigate the Ag//(0001)α-Al2O3 interface parameters. The growth modes, lattice parameters, nanoparticle forms and sizes are strongly dependent on the substrate surface structures. Initially, three-dimensional islands of Ag nanoparticles grow on both kinds of surfaces with partial hexagonal shapes. Ag nanoparticles on stoichiometric surface create the (111)Ag//(0001)α-Al2O3 interface without any preferred epitaxial direction. On this surface, Gaussian distribution is characteristic of an atom-by-atom growth mode with density of Ag nanoparticles lower than saturation density while a coalescence growth mode appears due to binary collisions between Ag nanoparticles accompanied by a liquid-like behaviour after saturation density. In case of reconstruction substrates, the epitaxial relationships between Ag nanoparticles and the surface are formed (111)Ag//(0001)α-Al2O3, 〈011̄〉Ag//[123̄0]α-Al2O3 or 〈011̄〉Ag//[11̄00]α-Al2O3. The Ag nanoparticles make rotation with angles between ±6◦ around the epitaxial orientations 〈11̄00〉 or 〈123̄0〉. Only the atom-by-atom growth mode were found at all Ag nanoparticles growth processes.


Abstract : This report reviews the state of the art of speech compression and digitization and recommends implementation possibilities and future research and development efforts. It is concluded that conventional vocoding, as represented by spectrum analysis and the voice-excited vocoder, provides a choice of techniques giving good results which should be developed for military use. Specifically, the voice-excited vocoder is recommended for development. Future breakthroughs in speech processing are expected to arise in pattern recognition methods. Lines of attack are recommended. In particular, attention is drawn to the Sceptron approach as a possible direction in which lowcost pattern recognition possibilities may be explored. Development of more universal and objective speech measurement techniques is recommended. (Author)


A computer program, RISK-XLR, which calculates genetic risk for carrier status of a Mendelian X-linked recessive condition has been written for the Macintosh series of microcomputers. The program, which incorporates family information (number of normal sons, daughters and granddaughters with normal sons, etc.), mutation rate, fitness and carrier test results in the assessment of genetic risk, utilizes Bayesian conditional probability. "User-friendly" and "error trapping" features have been incorporated to minimize errors in data entry and to minimize training time. Family and laboratory data can be stored for future reference, modification(s) and recalculation(s). Hard-copy output is available for inclusion in counseling letters and/or patient charts. The program can handle large pedigrees containing up to 10 women whose genotype is unknown. Hemophilia and Duchenne muscular dystrophy specialty clinics may especially benefit from these programs. Educators involved in the teaching of genetic risk assessment may find the program useful in posing "what it" situations for solution by students.


Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) deriving from carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is an unusual and severe complication after CEA and it occurred after angioplasty of extra-and intra-cranial artery stenosis.At present,the number of cerebral artery angioplasty is increasing in our country,it is very necessary for clinical doctors to enhance their under- standing the consciousness to CHS.In this review,we sum up the characteristics of epidemiology,pathogenesis,pathology, risk factors,neuroimaging and neurosonography technique and treatment strategies in order to prevent the potentially severe com- plication.


Introduct ion HOW do biological control systems differ from conventional control systems? At first glance a biological control system looks very much like its electromechanical counterpart, and the engineer is likely to consider i t as merely a "flesh and blood variation." Thus the analogy is quickly seen between the pupil servomechanism and the photocell-controlled lens-opening control of an automatic movie camera, since both act to change the size of an opening, and thereby regulate the intensity of light hitting a sensitive surface. The two control systems appear similar when viewed in block diagram form because investigations of biological control systems borrow heavily from the highly developed techniques of feedback-control systems analysis. In the typical research involving a biological servomechanism, the system's input-output characteristics are studied, particularly with regard to its frequency response and transient responses to deterministic inputs. On the basis of this data, physiological information, and a fair. amount of guessing, a model is constructed to represent the system. This model may be analytical, a computer simulation, or a physical "working model." The assumption is that one may experiment with different inputs, systems parameters, and topographical connections of the model, and thereby learn about the true nature of the normal and pathological functioning of the original control system. This approach was used by Wiener in his construction of a phototropic mechanical "moth" to demonstrate and study parkinsonism and intention tremor.' Difficulties encountered by a control engineer when he first attempts to model a control system are many. Chief among them is the inherent existence of a number of characteristics of biological servomechanisms which are not generally present in mechanical counterparts, and theref ore likely to be overlooked by the engineer on his first approach. The general representation of a feedback-control system shown in FIGURE 1 includes most of the components which the control engineer seeks to identify. The system output, coming from the controlled element (or fixed process), is the variable being controlled to follow an input reference command. The error between the input command and the output is the actuating signal driving the controller, which in turn actuates the con-


A graph G is called (H; k)-vertex stable if G contains a subgraph isomorphic to H ever after removing any of its k vertices. Q(H; k) denotes the minimum size among the sizes of all (H; k)-vertex stable graphs. In this paper we complete the characterization of (Km;n; 1)vertex stable graphs with minimum size. Namely, we prove that for m 2 and n m + 2, Q(Km;n; 1) = mn+m+n and Km;n K1 as well as Km+1;n+1 e are the only (Km;n; 1)-vertex stable graphs with minimum size, conrming the conjecture of Dudek and Zwonek.


Aiming at the importance of the safety culture construction of architectural construction enterprise,it discusses the safety culture construction of architectural construction enterprise from the behavior safety management,and puts forward the specific steps of the safety culture construction of construction enterprise from building the new conception,prominent the points and the characters of construction enterprise itself,to assure the producing safety of construction enterprise.


Abstract The text discussed here is one of only two identified fragments of Mesopotamian instructions for tuning a stringed instrument. Apart from its rarity, this text is important in several other respects. It confirms the reconstruction of the tuning cycle suggested by the other tuning fragment (UET VII 74), it appears to belong to a duplicate manuscript of the tuning cycle, it supports the argument for the presence of the verb nê'um (as opposed to enûm) in Akkadian terminology for tuning, and it offers a revised reading of the music-theoretical term nīš GABA.RI as nīš tuḫri(m).


Can the social and political values of Orthodox Christianity play a role in stabilising democratic-republican regimes in the states which comprise the traditional heartland of Orthodoxy? For sixteen centuries, from the time of Constantine to the rise of Lenin, the orthodox world was characterised by a close relationship between imperial throne and holy altar. To what extent, however, is this the only acceptable pattern for defining the relationship between Church and political society? This work seeks to reexamine the traditional understanding of the role of the Emperor in the Orthodox world as well as to provide insight into the Orthodox notion of 'conciliarity' as reflected both in Church and state structures of the historic Orthodox world. Far from being a semi-divine figure, the Emperor's position in the Church developed based on his position as the representative of the laity. The concept of popular election is not a modern or 'Western' idea but very much rooted in the historic experience of local Orthodox congregations and communities. The Fathers of the Church saw human beings as being gifted with free will, reason, and responsibility, capable of self-determination an choice. Not only can Orthodoxy comfortably co-exist with the institutions of modern democracy, Orthodox concepts about the dignity of the individual and the importance of the community can make a valuable contribution to modern political thought. A short discussion on Orthodox attitudes towards economic problems and education is also included.


The present paper examines EFL teachers' perspectives towards the effect of using games in teaching grammar. To conduct the study, the researchers designed a questionnaire consisting of 20 items. The study sample consisted of (40) male and female EFL teachers who have been teaching English for a number of years and who are teaching English in various government schools in Jordan. Appropriate statistical analysis was used to analyse data obtained from participants' responses. The study results showed the overall degree for the importance of using games in teaching grammar which is moderate according to EFL teachers' perspective as they all agree on the importance of using games in teaching grammar for their students. Moreover, the results pointed out that that there are no significant statistical differences in males' or females' perspectives towards the importance of using games in teaching grammar as the table indicates that the means for both males and females are closer to each other which shows the positive effect of using games in teaching grammar.


A general method for the calculation of dispersion curves for any single polymer chain in terms of internal coordinates is proposed. The method is immediately applicable to electronic computers. Dispersion curves and the corresponding frequency distributions have been obtained for polyethylene and deuterated polyethylene, hexagonal polyoxymethylene, and deutero derivative and orthorhombic polyoxymethylene. Spectroscoptically active fundamentals have been calculated and the normal modes described in terms of a valence force field. Experimental data from vibrational spectroscopy and inelastic neutron scattering have been compared and discussed in terms of that predicted by calculations.


One consequence of the Graph Minor Theorem is that for every k there exists a finite obstruction set Obs(TW ≤ k). However, relatively little is known about these sets, and very few general obstructions are known. The ones that are known are the cliques, and graphs which are "nearly" cliques. This paper gives several general constructions of minimal forbidden minors which are "sparse" in the sense that the ratio of the treewidth to the number of vertices n does not approach 1 as n approaches infinity. We accomplish this using a novel combinationof using brambles to provide lower bounds and achievable sets to demostrate upper bounds. Additionally, we determine the exact treewidth of other basic graph constructions which are not minimal forbidden minors.


Students can learn and demonstrate learning at high levels. If we have high expectations of students, they will meet or exceed our expectations. When teachers have high expectations of their students, they create an environment conducive to increasing the rigour of classroom instruction. As educational leaders, you can help teachers learn how to create and maintain a rigorous environment in their classrooms.


Abstract Conducted in northern Finland, this study examines Sámi language teachers' professional identities through their narratives of language acquisition. We focus on how teachers' professional identities are shaped by their language acquisition process. The results are based on the narratives of nine North, Inari and Skolt Sámi language teachers. Two aspects of teachers' narratives were significantly linked to their identities as Sámi language teachers: (1) their backgrounds (indigenous/non-indigenous) and (2) their language acquisition experiences (acquired Sámi language in childhood/adulthood). Indigenous teachers appeared to express their professional identities strongly despite their challenging acquisition experiences and were inclined to work towards the future of Sámi languages. In addition, non-indigenous teachers were willing to further the development of Sámi languages although they are not indigenous, which perhaps contributes towards the future of Sámi languages. Teachers narrated complex thoughts about language acquisition and their professional identity and helped develop indigenous language education in their respective indigenous communities. We recommend that teachers' in pre-service and service education should prepare and support indigenous language teachers by sharing knowledge about multilingual education practices and coping skills, particularly to help the latter manage varied tasks and heterogeneous contexts. Thus, this research study shows that both teachers' language acquisition experiences and their current work situations shape their professional identity.


In the second edition of Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age, sociologist Manuel Castells conceptualises the relationship between social movements and the internet age through the notion of 'the networked social movement'. While the book utilises an admirable empirical dataset and shows deep understanding of the fluidity of contemporary social movements, Helton Levy wonders if Castells's optimistic vision neglects lingering issues, including state surveillance and the digital divide.


With several applications in the disciplines of healthcare, human-computer interaction, assistive learning, and many others, Human Actions Recognition, or HAR, is a trending research area. Despite the fact that this field has seen a lot of development over the past ten years, there is still a need to develop strong hybrid machine learning models for human actions recognition that must meet the objectives of the application, must have solid prediction and high recognition rate. A little work has been done in anomaly detection while performing an action. This paper presents a detailed literature survey in this area. Future directions are also presented based on the literature which shows that there is still a need of hybrid optimization technique to enhance the model's functionality.


Prognostic collectors activities for the antimonite with the different sulfhydric collectors were evaluated. The following flotation reagents are set in increasing collectors activity order: diethylaminoxantogenic acid (AminoKxH), dibutylaminofosphine acid, mixture of the KxН+DTCН, pypyridine dithiocarbamic acid (DTCH Pyperidin), dimethyldithiocarbamic acid, quinoline-thiol and buthyl xantogenic acid (KxH). It is shown that dialkyl diamino sulphydric collectors are promising reagents for flotation of sulphide ores.


The effect of menu labels displaying amount of exercise needed to burn the food calories on foods ordered and consumed is unknown. Three hundred (18–30 y) men and women were randomly assigned to a menu without calorie labels (NCL) (n=99), a menu with calorie labels (CL) (n=99), or a menu with labels on the minutes of brisk walking needed to burn the food calories (EL) (n=102). All menus contained the same food/beverage options. Subjects were blinded to study purpose. Analysis of covariance, adjusted for pre‐meal hunger levels and sex, was used to examine the effect of the study menu condition on the outcome variables. There was a menu main effect for calories ordered (p=0.008) and consumed (p=0.04). Fewer calories were ordered (adjusted mean (CI): 763 (703, 824) vs. 902 (840, 963) kcal, respectively; p=0.002) and consumed (673 (620, 725) vs. 770 (717, 823) kcal respectively; p=0.01) by the EL compared to NCL group. There was no difference between the CL and NCL groups in food calories ordered (827 (766, 888) vs. 902 (840, 963) kcal, respectively; p=0.09) and consumed (722 (669, 776) vs. 770 (717, 823) kcal, respectively; p=0.21). Calories ordered (p=0.15) and consumed (p=0.19) were not different between the CL and EL groups. There was no difference in post lunch calorie intake by menu condition (p=0.39). In conclusion, EL menu led to fewer calories ordered and consumed compared to the NCL menu condition. Study was supported by TCU.


The "Mathew effect" or advantageous accumulation in economic development means that a few rich people or areas will finally result in the material benefit of all.


Biochemical (1, 2) and morphological (3-5) studies indicate that proteins being reabsorbed from proximal tubules of the kidney are concentrated within cells in lysosome-like bodies. However, little is known about the quantitative relationship between the activity of individual lysosomal enzymes and the uptake of proteins by tubular cells. It has been shown that, 18 hr after the administration of egg white, the activity of some, but not all, hydrolytic enzymes is increased in the rat kidney (1). In present experiments the time course of lysozyme reabsorption by the kidney was studied, and the activities of three lysosomal enzymes were measured at different times following administration of lysozyme; actinomycin D was administered in an attempt to inhibit the increase in enzyme activity induced by the protein. Lysozyme has a low molecular weight of 14,000, can be measured with accuracy and reproducibility, and in the doses administered it has no manifest pathological effects upon the organism or the kidney. Injected egg-white lysozyme is reabsorbed by the kidney and accumulates in the form of "droplets" in the proximal tubular cells (6, 7). It has been shown recently (8) that lysozyme, in the normal rat kidney, is associated with the lysosomal fraction. The above properties make lysozyme a suitable molecule to be used as a tracer protein in the studies of renal uptake and metabolism of injected proteins. METHODS


David Jones's last important painting, Tristan ac Essylt, shows its central figures surrounded by other people, beset by dangers, and being carried inexorably towards their meeting with King Mark, to all of which they are sublimely unconscious. Jones renders the world in which the lovers are set, and particularly the ships in which they travel, with a mixture of historical authenticity (whose full extent has often eluded commentators) and non-naturalistic freedom that suggest simultaneously a powerful physicality and the possible presence of hidden forces working to other ends.


Like most capitalist crises, today's challenges economists, journalists, and politicians to explain and to overcome it. The post-1930s struggles between neoclassical and Keynesian economics are rejoined. We show that both proved inadequate to preventing crises and served rather to enable and justify (as "solutions" for crises) what were merely oscillations between two forms of capitalism differentiated according to greater or lesser state economic interventions. Our Marxian economic analysis here proceeds differently. We demonstrate how concrete aspects of U.S. economic history (especially real wage, productivity, and personal indebtedness trends) culminated in this deep and enduring crisis. We offer both a class-based critique of and an alternative to neoclassical and Keynesian analyses, including an alternative solution to capitalist crises.


Based on the CGSS2005 data,a multi-level model is established to analyze the social factors which influence residents' sense of happiness.Researches show that such social factors having the significant influence on residents' sense of happiness as income,housing property,human interaction,polarization between the rich and the poor,democracy participation,governmental service,social security,conflicts and disputes,etc.Based on this,this paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions to enhance residents' happiness level.


The quantitative measure of similarity for image matching in ARToolKit markers detection is researched,and the the calculation method of quantitative measure about the relative error is introduced into ARToolKit,and improve the accuracy of image matching value in markers detection by improving the method of quantitative measure about the relative error,and analysis and verification by experiment.


Based on the research results of predecessors, this thesis compares the working principles, applicable conditions and application processes of the induced polarization method, the transient electromagnetic method, and the EH4 electromagnetic imaging system of geophysical exploration methods. In addition, it also analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of those methods as well as the existing problems. Furthermore, it analyzes the theories of the application of geophysical prospecting parameters (apparent resistivity) deduce aquifer hydrogeological parameters, technical methods and its research progress of application. The research shows that we should attach importance to using comprehensive geophysical methods to detect the aquifer structure. In addition, we should combine the geophysical data with drilling lithology and the pumping test of hydrogeological parameters, and use the geophysical prospecting to replace the partial exploration drilling. Meanwhile, we should consider the influence of various factors, such as lithology, degree of mineralization and so on, and combine all these with the research region's geologic structure and hydrogeological background, so as to study the dependency of apparent resistivity and hydrogeological parameter, interpret the nature and feature of the aquifer.


Mastitis is an economically important disease and the common cause of culling of diary cows. Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen of the mammary gland and a common cause of contagious bovine mastitis. Infection during early lactation may result in the peracute form with gangrene of the udder. We present an outbreak of gangrenous mastitis in three primiparous heifers and one cow. The animals were kept in one stable in northwestern Croatia, together with other 50 Holstein Frisian cows and heifers. One 2, 5 year old heifer was presented to the veterinarians from the Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia, day after parturition with the history of teat discoloration that was noted two days ago. Two more cases of gangrenous mastitis in primiparous heifers at parturition were reported in the last three months in the same stable. Both were in a peracute form and with a lethal outcome. At clinical examination first quarter teat was swollen, with dark blue to black discoloration spreading ten centimeters to the lateral side of the udder. Affected parts were cold, non painful and marked with light red demarcation line. Small amounts of serous bloody fluid were spontaneously dropping from the ductus papillaris. At the basis of the second quarter teat two half moon–shaped, dark blue discolorations were also noted. Body temperature was 38, 9 ˚C, heart rate 105, respiration rate 37, and ruminations were weak. Haematological and biochemical findings were within normal range. Bacteriological cultures of milk samples were performed and isolated bacteria were identified as follows ; Streptococcus uberis from the first quarter, Staphylococcus aureus from the second, Streptococcus uberis from the third, while fourth quarter sample was negative. The same animal had a difficult parturition with a laceration of uterus and vagina so segregation and culling was recommended. Three weeks later, 8 years old cow in a late pregnancy developed similar bluish changes at the border between third and fourth quarter. They were partially surrounded by 0, 5 cm red granulation area. Since this cow was in a dry period samples for bacteriological examination were not taken. Treatment based on antibiogram of previously isolated microorganism was prescribed and consisted of 12 days of intramuscular application of penicillin, neomycin and trimethoprim. Infected animals were segregated and disinfection of stable and milking machine were conducted. Recommendations for hygienic washing and drying of udders before milking, regular milk machine maintenance were given to the owner. On the 12th day of therapy gangrenous changes were almost completely healed. In following three months there were no new cases of gangrenous mastitis in the herd. Lacking of early diagnosis and farmer's awerness of proper control measures can lead to the oubrek of gangrenous mastitis. Aldough prognossis is doubtful, treatment with targeted antibiotics evan without surgical intervention can be sucesfull.


ISSN 2463-2872 (Print) ISSN 2463-2880 (Online) Abstract Recent work which genotypically characterised rhizobia of native, crop and weed legumes in New Zealand and examined their cross-nodulation ability is reviewed and related to earlier work with focus on New Zealand pasture systems. The New Zealand native legumes were exclusively effectively nodulated by novel strains of Mesorhizobium which did not nodulate crop or weed legumes. Clovers, lucerne, Lotus and grain legumes were effectively nodulated by different genera, species and biovars of rhizobia primarily originating from inoculum. Rhizobial symbionts of white clover have established over wide areas in New Zealand. Weed legumes are effectively nodulated by different genera/ species of rhizobia depending on species. Bradyrhizobia that cross-nodulate lupins, gorse, European broom and tagasaste are widespread in New Zealand.


2. Introduction Radsim(TM) is a line of cost-effective, high fidelity, multi-mode radar simulations implemented entirely in software. This approach allows Radsim(TM) to easily adapt to a wide variety of training system applications. The latest version consists of SAIC's patented core radar simulation technology, including the fundamental algorithms and processes necessary to produce real-time synthetic aperture radar, doppler beam sharpening and real beam imagery. Implemented as an Ada95 class library that allows the construction of new Radar simulations with a fraction of the work required to build custom simulations. Figure 1 is a Radsim generated 1 meter Synthetic Aperture Radar image of some buildings. Note the highlights and shadows for individual buildings. 3. Initial Work RADSIM(TM) is based on a highly successful approach developed for simulating the AN/APQ-164 radar on the B-1B Engineering Research Simulator built by SAIC for the Armstrong Aerospace Research Laboratory at WrightPatterson Air Force base in 1984. One of the driving requirements of the B-1B DRLMS was a high degree of simulated image fidelity and correlation with real-world radar imagery. This original DRLMS was developed in a combination of PLM and FORTRAN. It was highly successful, but extremely expensive to maintain and tied to SAIC proprietary hardware.


Background: Mitochondria (MITO) of the failing heart manifest structural and functional abnormalities evidenced by hyperplasia, reduced organelle size and diminished respiration that lead to a defect in ATP synthesis. Bendavia (MTP-131), a novel, first in class, MITO-targeting peptide, improves the efficiency of mitochondria electron transfer chain and enhances ATP synthesis in multiple organs including heart, kidney and skeletal muscle. The present study examined the effects of long-term therapy with Bendavia on LV systolic function and ATP synthesis in dogs with chronic heart failure (HF) (LV ejection fraction, EF∼30%).

Methods: Fourteen dogs with coronary microembolization-induced HF were randomized to 3 months therapy with subcutaneous injections of Bendavia (0.5 mg/kg once daily, n=7) or saline (Control, n=7). LV end-diastolic (EDV) and end-systolic (ESV) volumes, EF, heart rate (HR), mean aortic pressure (AP), LV end-diastolic pressure (EDP) and peak LV +dP/dt were measured before (PRE) and after 3 months of therapy (POST). Treatment effect Δ, within each group, was calculated as the difference between PRE and POST. MITO ATP synthesis and ATP/ADP ratio were measured in isolated LV cardiomyocytes obtained at the end of 3 months of therapy using the bioluminescent ApoSENSORTM ATP/ADP assay kit.

Results: Bendavia had no effect on HR or mAP. Compared to Control, Bendavia decreased EDV, ESV and EDP, increased EF and peak LV +dP/dt and increased ATP synthesis and ratio of ATP/ADP (Table).

View this table:

Indexes of LV function and ATP Synthesis

Conclusions: In HF dogs, long-term monotherapy with Bendavia improves LV systolic function without increasing HR or decreasing mAP. Bendavia increased ATP synthesis; a likely mediator of improved LV function.


Are possible stable operation, it provides a low phase-noise injection-locked frequency locked oscillator. Injection-locked frequency locked oscillator of the present invention, a synchronization loop 10 having a first injection-locked signal controlled oscillator 14 and a second injection-locked signal controlled oscillator 20. The first injection-locked signal controlled oscillator 14, a reference clock signal output frequency signal variable by the oscillation frequency control signal is not injected. Second injection-locked signal controlled oscillator 20, together with the reference clock signal corresponding to the reference clock signal locked loop 10 is injected, the same oscillation frequency control and the oscillation frequency control signal to the first injection-locked signal controlled oscillator 14 oscillation frequency control signal corresponding to the signal is input, a first injection-locked signal controlled oscillator and the same circuit configuration, and outputs a desired frequency signal.


The article presents a spatial design of bituminous mixtures using the pram program and spectrum 48k mini computer. It points to the experience gained by using the program during 1985 at the road construction laboratory of the civil engineering institute in Zagreb. The bituminous mixtures designed satisfied the recommended criteria concerning the quality of aggregate particle size distribution. A sufficient decrease in the quantity of bituminous mortar used has been achieved, so that, with allowed errors, the production of bituminous mixtures without an excess of bituminous mortar, i.e. With increased resistance to permanent deformations can be expected. The calculated thickness of 200/10 micro m of a bituminous film is an essential prerequisite for obtaining the increased resistance to cracking of wearing courses constructed with volcanic stone aggregate.


Present and predicted air traffic density and capacity, both enroute and in airport environments, is analyzed in these research reports. Terminal area scheduling, runway queueing, and airspace regulation are discussed. (This updated bibliography contains 172 abstracts, 13 of which are new entries to the previous edition.)


Technology strategy formulation and planning have become common business practices today. Nevertheless, successful implementation and measurement of the results is still quite difficult. The management control system of this paper shows how enterprises can best implement their technology strategies. Based on a case study of BMW's IT strategy, the paper describes different measurement and control processes that have led to BMW successfully realizing its IT strategy. Both control processes - the interactive and diagnostic control processes, designed within the scope of an action research project, are integrated into a balanced scorecard that provides BMW's IT management to measure and control IT technological innovations.


Abstract Integrated environmental modelling (IEM) is a recent phenomenon that offers the opportunity to solve complex environmental problems. Whilst it has made great strides in recent years, there are still challenges to be met before IEM is universally accepted and used. This paper describes the current state of IEM and sets out a roadmap for achieving its full potential. A multidisciplinary, multi-agency approach will be required, the main goals of which are to: (1) raise awareness and build confidence in IEM; (2) ensure availability and accessibility of IEM techniques, tools and standards; (3) establish a minimum set of standards; (4) build the IEM skills base; (5) establish an underpinning research and development (R&D) programme; (6) co-ordinate and promote collaboration; and (7) foster IEM use by government, industry and the public. Once these goals have been achieved, then IEM can be deployed to help resolve currently intractable environmental issues, and the IEM methodology can be transferred to other fields.


A tsunami is a long-period sea wave caused by an earthquake, submarine landslide, or other disturbance such as meteor impact. A 7.1-magnitude earthquake on November 15, 1994 caused a tsunami that hit the coastal areas of Batangas, Quezon, and Mindoro in the Philippines, resulting to 78 deaths. In this study, the 1994 Mindoro tsunami was numerically simulated by modelling of the initial water surface generated by the ground rupture and propagating the tsunami wave towards the coastal areas. Based on the simulations, the generated tsunami wave has a height not exceeding 1.5 m above mean sea level and caused water runup heights in the coast of Calapan, Mindoro reaching 2.6 m. The results of the numerical simulation locally agree with the post-disaster measurements of Imamura et al. (1995) for the coast of Calapan, Mindoro, but the maximum runup levels recorded in the nearby Baco Islands were not obtained with acceptable accuracy. Further calibration of the numerical model is underway to improve the performance of the model.


Allowing for time-varying risk premia yields sophisticated asset pricing models, but the search for adequate model specifications is more challenging. We introduce, to our knowledge, previously in conditional asset pricing not used Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) that rests on sorting out requiring statsitical models for complex problems of unknown structure but does not require a model to predict conditional variation in betas. We find that lagged instruments used to proxy for expected returns in conditional asset pricing provide a challenge not only for the unconditional CAPM but also the Fama-French-model. Thereby non-linear GMDH-algorithms challenge traditional models of conditional asset pricing as we find a highly non-linear influence of lagged instruments on both conditional alphas and betas. Therefore, predetermining a structure for functional relationships between conditional alphas as well as betas and lagged instruments may lead to a significant misspecification of asset pricing models.


on traditional and national cultures. It proposes that media products imported into the less industrialized regions have a significant (negative) social impact. Dependency theorists have concentrated on the analysis of such impact on local media systems in developing countries (15, 22, 34), and upon links of dependency these institutions may gradually establish with the West (28, 29). These scholars often indicate that the inedk ties with the West tend to encourage the adoption of Western lifestyles, which are conducive to the increased consumption of Western products. While this model may explain large institutional trends, empirical evidence of individual attitudinal changes, however, is rarely presented under this approach. The general claim of dependency theory in communication studies has been the imbalance in the offerings of media products (26, 33), especially television programs. In most Third World nations more imported television programs are offered than local productions (13, 34). There is a general hypothesis that the more Western-oriented and/


Background:  The number of fluctuations in the skin conductance per s (NFSC) as a measure of the sympathetic nervous system may be a tool for monitoring physiological stress during surgery and general anaesthesia. The purpose of this study was to find the sensitivity and specificity of the NFSC when compared to a peroperative clinical stress score. Moreover, different patterns of skin conductance responses were compared with the BIS score to find out if the mean level of skin conductance (SC) and NFSC monitoring could differentiate between awakening and noxious stimuli.


One of the important challenges in the new millennium will be to find successful ways to engage the public in shaping the communities of the future. Building upon the social capital in a community will be essential. Many indicators suggest that levels of civic engagement, civic participation, and civic trust declined during the last two decades of the 20th century. The decline in participation and trust revolve, in part, around the issues of programmatic and individual performance as well as the accountability of decision makers and individuals for outcomes and actions. It will no longer be sufficient for public officials and local governments to demonstrate efficiency (doing more with less) and sound business principles (MBO, TQM, and High Performance). They must go further to demonstrate their accountability for the appropriate, proper and intended use of resources.


We have used a number of in vitro and in vivo techniques to identify the molecules that can bind to the cytoplasmic tail of the Ly49A receptor. Affinity chromatography using peptides corresponding to the N‐terminal 18 amino acids of Ly49A allowed the recovery of a number of proteins that bound preferentially to the tyrosine‐phosphorylated peptide, including SH2‐containing phosphatase‐1 (SHP1) and the SH2‐containing inositol 5′ phosphatase (SHIP). In another approach, using the entire cytoplasmic domain of the Ly49A receptor, we found that SHP2 also interacted with the tyrosine‐phosphorylated form of the Ly49A cytoplasmic tail. Using BIACORE®2000 analysis, we determined that both SHP1 and SHP2 bound to the tyrosine‐phosphorylated cytoplasmic tail of Ly49A with affinities in the nanomolar range, whilst SHIP showed no binding. Mutation of tyrosine‐36 to phenylalanine did not significantly affect the affinities of these proteins for the tyrosine‐phosphorylated cytoplasmic tail of Ly49A. In addition, using a whole‐cell system with T‐cell lymphoma cell lines that expressed the Ly49A receptor or its H‐2Dd ligand, we determined that engagement of Ly49A by its major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ligand leads to tyrosine‐phosphorylation events and recruitment of SHP1. Recruitment of SHP1 was rapid and transient, reaching a maximum after 5 min. These data suggest that mechanisms for the inhibitory signal are generated following receptor engagement. They also provide direct evidence that ligand engagement of the Ly49A receptor is responsible for recruitment of downstream signalling molecules.


Abstract: This note discusses an unexplored problem at the nexus of fashion and intellectual property law: how "fast fashion" leads to unsustainability of global resources and human rights issues pertaining to overseas manufacturing facilities. This unnecessary chain of events could be avoided if fashion designers were granted more substantial intellectual property rights rather than an overall lack of protection. Instead of turning a blind eye to the consequences of consumer demand and "fast fashion," Congress needs to address these issues head on through legislation that mirrors some of the copyright protections afforded fashion designers overseas.


UV light and air pollution are sources of free radicals that can trigger skin problems. Skin problems can be overcome by using skin treatments that contain antioxidant compounds so that oxidation reactions derived from free radicals can be inhibited (Halliwell and Gutteridge, 2000). Skin care that can overcome skin problems is body scrub preparation. Body scrub cream-based preparations consists of oil and water phase, emulgator, and abrasives. Oilseed press cake or residual product of nyamplung (tamanu) oil (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) has characteristics as an abrasiver and reported degree of hydrolysis that can counteract free radicals using the DPPH method through a % RSA value of 39.82%. Oilseed press cake of nyamplung will be developed as a raw material for the formulation of body scrub that have added value. Body scrub formulation was done by optimizing the emulgator material (stearic acid and triethanolamine) using Expert Design software D-Optimal and the optimal emulgator concentration was obtained (stearic acid 3% and triethanolamine 1%) and physical in stability of the optimum formulation is tested in 28 days in 1,2,3 and 4 week at room temperature by looking at the parameters of organoleptic physical properties, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion test. Based on physicaly examination, it showed that the formula of oilseed press cake of nyamplung body scrub for 28 days at room temperature is a semi-solid, brown color and smells of apple, pH value is 7,647 ± 0.128; the viscosity value is 3.633.33 ± 152.75 dPas; spreadability is 3,87 ± 0.20 cm, and adhesiveness is 2,3 ± 0,04 second.


Phytophthora capsici is an important oomycete pathogen that causes devastating diseases in various crops. Methods for the rapid detection of P. capsici are important for disease control and eradication programmes. Here, we developed an assay based on lateral flow strip‐based recombinase polymerase amplification (LF‐RPA) for the rapid and equipment‐free detection of P. capsici. The specific primers and a probe were designed using the sequence of Ypt1, and the optimal assay conditions were 40°C for 20 min. The specificity of the assay was verified using closely related oomycetes and fungal species, and its detection limit was 10 pg of genomic DNA. In combination with a simple DNA extraction method, the LF‐RPA assay enabled detection of P. capsici in diseased pepper samples without specialized equipment within 30 min. Consequently, the LF‐RPA assay developed in this study enables rapid and equipment‐free detection of P. capsici and has potential for further development as a diagnostic kit for application in the field or in resource‐limited laboratories.


That's not really surprising when you stop to think about it. Traditional practices (with respect to teaching students but also to raising children and managing employees) often consist of what might be called a "doing to" — as opposed to a "working with" — approach, the point being to act on people to achieve a specific goal. These strategies sometimes succeed in producing an effect in the short term. Research — which itself is often limited in duration or design — may certify the effort as successful. But when you watch what happens later on, or you look more carefully at the impact of these interventions, the initial findings have a way of going up in smoke.


Role play simulation can be a valuable technique to employ, whether teaching lawyering skills or substantive legal doctrine, or guiding community service. Role plays immerse participants in a particular context in which they can plan, perform and see reactions, elicit feedback and self critique. This chapter discusses the design and construction of role plays, also called simulations, to use in a variety of settings as a teaching and learning technique. It also touches briefly on debriefing student performances in role plays. Though there are references to 'teachers' and 'students' in this chapter, the technique is also useful as a planning device with a community group and other collaborators. Community economic development is a relatively novel context for role play in law schools, where the traditional focus on litigation has made moot court prevalent. The need for interdisciplinary collaboration is particularly clear in economic development work. Role play involving planning with community groups and their technical advisers can be very useful. It can help students cultivate good communication and planning practices. This article invites law teachers, students and communities to create role plays to strengthen skills and imagination to achieve community economic development. As a teacher new to Bangladesh and who has taught in the USA, I urge collaboration among law teachers to undertake this visionary work.


This study examined the intervening effect of foreign portfolio investment on the relationship between macroeconomic factors and stock return of firms listed at the Securities Exchanges in East Africa over the period 2016 - 2020. The macro-economic variables were foreign exchange rate, gross domestic product, interest rate and inflation rate. Regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between the variables. The results showed that foreign portfolio investment positively and significantly affect stock returns and intervenes the relationship between macro environment and stock returns. Policies should thus be put in place to ensure a conducive macro environment in order to attract foreign investment and ensure high stock returns. We recommend that regulators and other stakeholders should establish macro prudential strategies that can attract foreign portfolio investment and boost the stock returns. We also suggest that future research may focus on data from developed and developing countries to compare and contrast the effect of macro prudential policies adopted in the various countries and its effects on foreign portfolio investment and stock returns.


A carbon credit is a certificate or permit which represents the right to emit one ton of carbon dioxide (CO2) and they can be traded for money. Carbon credits and carbon markets remain one of several national and international actions to make less harmful the growth in concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs). One carbon credit is equal to one ton of carbon dioxide. Carbon credits grant nations and companies the right to emit gases that contribute to global warming. Carbon credit development strategy is being adopted by national governments as a means of tackling the greenhouse gas emissions and introducing clean development mechanisms for sustainable technological investment, thus, bears on the modus operandi of the high-tech corporate organizations within the climate change regulatory framework. The carbon pricing involves local, national and global stakeholders. For Nigeria, there is growing concerns on whether the country is sincerely committed to carbon credit development, enough to attract international investors. A lot of factors ranging from shallow legislations and lack of political will to corruption are few, but not all the pit-falls that militates against Nigeria's readiness for international carbon credit trading.


drenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations were determined by the methods of Welch & Welch (1969) and Curzon & Green (1970) respectively. When compared with litter-mate untreated rats, noradrenaline concentrations were found to have been reduced in all areas of the brain by chronic methylamphetamine administration ; 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations were also reduced in the striatum and mid-brain, but were unaltered in the thalamus/hypothalamus, the hippocampus and the pons/medulla, and were increased in the cortex. In all areas except the striatum, 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations were lower 24 than 0 hours after withdrawal. Noradrenaline concentrations fell steadily for 36 h in the striatum, rose, for 48 h in the thalamus/hypothalamus and cortex, and showed an initial rise in the hippocampus, mid-brain and pons/medulla followed in the cases of the mid-brain and pons/medulla by falls to below 0 h levels 24 h after withdrawal. These results suggest that chronic methylamphetamine ingestion may affect not only the release of monoamines, but also their synthesis and transport along neuron axons. They also suggest a biochemical basis for the marked "post-amphetamine depression" frequently reported in man.


All fifth and sixth grade elementary school teachers in Japan will soon be responsible for weekly English lessons in their classrooms. According to a survey conducted in Tokushima, few of these teachers feel confident about their ability to speak or teach English. These teachers will need more time, more training and a well-developed support network if they are going to be able to provide their students with inspiring English classes.


Vertical gallium nitride (GaN) nanowire static induction transistors (SITs) are proposed and realized for micro display for the first time. A top-down dry etch was employed to form the GaN nanowires with height of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 1.5~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and diameter of ~350 nm, followed by the SIT fabrication with the gate-all-around design which benefits are better gate control, combined with reduced surface area consumption for improved scaling and integration. Relatively low voltages are required for controlling the vertical current from source to drain. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{I}_{\text {on}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{I}_{\text {off}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ratio is measured as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${2}\times {10}^{{6}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which is ~900 times larger than the previous reported GaN fin SIT. These results demonstrated that vertical nanowire SITs by the use of undoped GaN which is typically the template layer for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) will enable voltage-controlled components for new integration schemes and opportunities in micro display technology.


Increasing vehicles on the road creates hustle in developed and underdeveloped countries. The traffic condition requires the space for parking. This paper presents an intelligent parking solution to fulfil the need. Image Processing (Adaptive Thresholding) and Computer Vision (Single Shot Detection model) methods have been used to identify free slots and monitor vehicles at parking entrance and exit to incorporate intelligent behavior (License plate detection). Owner and driver applications (windows and mobile respectively) provides a way to interact (fare collection and real-time monitoring) with the proposed system. 90% accuracy of license plate detection has been achieved with a low processing cost. The proposed system provides a cost-effective solution by using CPU based algorithms. This solution provides a great opportunity for electronic vehicles to fulfill their space and charging need.


The present research was conducted as a trial to find out a simple quick low radiation and less expensive methodology to read and display the HU units expressed by the CBCT from the direct panoramic images during planning for implant placement before the decision of CBCT. A specially developed small Visual Basic program was designed to load the panoramic images to read and display the mean value of the HU of the areas clicked on the panorama and display the bone category according to Misch classification. A total of 100 edentulous sites were explored for the mean value of bone density expressed in HU from CBCT using Simplant program and by the Visual Basic program from the digitized panoramic radiographs for the same site in every patient. Results showed no statistically significant difference were found between the mean value of the HU gained from the Simplant program and those gained from the visual basic program in all categories of bone density including D1, D2, D3 and D4. The software may be a promising tool that can help in prediction of bone density during the planning for implant placement. (1172) Shereen Abdel Moula and Hussein I Saudi E.D.J. Vol. 64, No. 2 The primary stability could be increased with increased bone quality, which would improve the osseointegration and increase the survival probability of the dental implant. Poor bone quantity and especially poor bone quality are the main risk factors for implant failure using the standard protocol for implant insertion(12). Bone density seems to be of great importance not only in primary implant stability but also in the predictability for oral implant outcomes(8). Misch(13) suggested that computed tomography can be used for the objective quantification of direct density measurements of bone, expressed in Hounsfield units (HU) (table 1). So the aim of the present research is to introduce a newly developed program that can read and display bone density in HU from the direct panoramic images to predict the bone quality during planning for implant placement before taking CBCT to reduce the radiation dose and costs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 100 edentulous sites were selected from the mandibles and maxillae of 10 patients during planning for implant placement. The study included 6 males and 4 females, their ages ranged from 35 to 56 years. The study design and steps were discussed to the patients and informed consents were obtained. Digitized panoramic radiographs** were taken for each patient during the planning for implant placement as a primary diagnostic aid followed by CBCT* Bone density measurements using Simplant The Simplant 17.01 software*** was used to load and display the CBCT images. A reformatted panoramic curve was formed from the axial view. The measure density in ellipse tool was selected from the tools menu to measure the mean bone density in HU from the region of interest which is the edentulous area with a fixed surface area of 3.5 mm2 at 3 successive sites of the edentulous ridge (Fig. 1-4). Fig. (1) The Simplant program displaying the sagittal, axial, panoramic and 3D views. Fig. (2) The first selected area with a mean of 556.24 HU. * SOREDEX Company Finland (2D Imaging) ** SOREDEX Company Finland (3D Imaging) *** DENTSPLY Implants 3500 Hasselt Belgium TABLE (1) Bone densities in Hounsfield units (HU)


HERE ARE 3 basic aspects to the tissue T diagnosis of pheochromocytoma-the chromaffin reaction, structure, and the question of cancer. Conflicting opinions exist as to whether the structure or the c h r o m s n reaction is the only valid diagnostic ~r i te r i0n . l~~ 68 The term "chromaffin positive" is used very often in reference to tests other than the Henle dichromate reaction originally described. Substitute "chromaffin stains" such as Schmorl's,S8 Gomori's, and the silver and 0smium metaloreduction tests, when positive, are not pathognomonic of pheochromocytomas, whereas the Henle reaction is. Unfortunately for purposes of documentation even the Henle reaction is not uniformly described, especially as to its end point, and in this respect the presence of brown granules has been overemphasized. Some distinctive morphological features, on the other hand, have been underemphasized. Cancer recognition is sometimes a difficult problem for 3 reasons. One is the well recognized inapplicability of such standard cancer criteria as anaplasia and invasion of the tumor capsule and blood vessels. A second is the tendency of pheochromocytomas to be multicentric.80.98 A third lies in the difficult differential diagnosis, particularly with adrenal cortical tumors and chemodectomas.28. 62 It was with these problems in mind that a relatively large series ..of pheochromocytomas has been reviewed.


for varying the lift of the valves. Such is the construction of the cylinders in the great majority of cars, and the differences between them are in matters of detail rather than of principle, but a car is about to be placed on the market by the Valveless Engine Company in which an entirely different plan is adopted. Instead of valves, which give at times some trouble, thecylinder has two open ports, which are simply uncovered by the piston as it passes them in the lower portion of its traverse. In order to secure the entry of a charge, which in entering sweeps out the old burnt charge, it is necessary that the incoming charge should be under some pressure, though it is subsequently compressed further. This is accomplished by making the crank chamber approximately air-tight, and compressing the new charge in it; then, when the port is opened, ic rushes in with sufficient force to drive out most of the old charge. Some very good results have been obtained with experimental cait, but it remains to be seen whether this principle, which is a considerable simplification, will supersede the usual arrangement; at present only one pattern of car is to be made, and that rather more powerful than the majority of medical men would employ.


In match-play sports, the best players seem to be both versatile and unpredictable in their use of techniques during play. Our analysis extends empirical work on player versatility and unpredictability to the Japanese sport of sumo wrestling. While earlier studies of tennis serves and football penalty kicks were motivated by game-theoretic analysis of choices made by players to start a match, our study is motivated by labor market theories that tie the success of workers to their portfolio of skills and its application to particular situations. We analyze panel data on tournament records of top sumo wrestlers participating in Japan's grand sumo tournaments over the 1995-2004 period to test whether players with better physical attributes and a balanced, unpredictable portfolio of winning techniques are more likely to win matches. Our econometric results show that better physical attributes, a diverse portfolio of techniques to finish a match, and unpredictable use of techniques are all associated with more wins per tournament.


We examine the computational complexity of testing finite state processes for equivalence, in the Calculus of Communicating Systems (CCS). This equivalence problem in CCS is presented as a refinement of the familiar problem of testing whether two nondeterministic finite state automata (n.f.s.a.) accept the same language. Three notions of equivalence, proposed for CCS, are investigated: (1) observation equivalence, (2) congruence, and (3) failure equivalence. We show that observation equivalence (@@@@) can be tested in cubic time and is the limit of a sequence of equivalence notions (@@@@<subscrpt><italic>k</italic></subscrpt>), where, @@@@<subscrpt>1</subscrpt> is the familiar n.f.s.a. equivalence and, for each fixed <italic>k</italic>, @@@@<subscrpt><italic>k</italic></subscrpt> is PSPACE-complete. We provide an <italic>O</italic>(<italic>nlogn</italic>) test for congruence for <italic>n</italic> state processes of bounded fanout, by extending the algorithm that minimizes the states of d.f.s.a.'s. Finally, we show that, even for a very restricted type of process, testing for failure equivalence is PSPACE-complete.


A serial of activated carbon were prepared from petroleum coke via carbonization and activation treatment on microwave modulator oven, and their adsorption performances of CO2 were evaluated. The effects of preparation conditions on CO2 adsorption were investigated. The results showed that the prepared activated carbons had high BET surface areas and pore volumes with the maximum values of 1391.7m2·g-1 and 727.1μL·g-1, respectively; the mass ratio of furfural residue to petroleum coke in the preparation of activated carbon had the greatest impact on the performance of CO2 adsorption; and at the adsorption temperature of 0℃, the adsorption process of CO2 on the activated carbon obeyed the Freundlich model well and a good linear relationship between the equilibrium CO2 uptake and the pore volume of pores with diameter of 0.5nm-1.0nm was observed.


In this study, ligands originated from glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and vinyl benzyl chloride (VBC) monomers were grafted onto fibrous polyethylene/polypropylene (PE/PP) substrate and the resulting grafted copolymers were functionalized with ethylenediamine (EDA). The changes in the chemical structure and crystallinity of the aminated adsorbents were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The PE/PP-g-PGMA-EDA adsorbent showed a CO2 adsorption capacity of 1.73 mmol/g from pure gas, which is 87% lower than that of PE/PP-g-PVBC-EDA (3.24 mmol/g) at 30 bars despite the higher density in the former adsorbent. The effect of temperature, selectivity and CO2 gas composition was further investigated for the PE/PP-g-PVBC-EDA adsorbent.


The present invention provides a two-dimensional non-uniform electric field using an experimental apparatus of the electrokinetic remediation of soil polluted soil remediation motor, said apparatus comprising a soil sample tank, the gas measuring apparatus, and measuring the liquid circulation means, an electrode system control and data acquisition system . Soil tank comprises tank body, a top cover, a bottom cover and bolts; top and bottom covers is provided with a plurality of electrodes located between the centers of the nut and the nut around the centrally symmetric and the other annular nut, the vertical nut; Top uniformly distributed plurality of probe cover; a gas measuring device is a graduated tube; measuring device comprises a liquid circulating pipe is connected, the total shunt tubes, peristaltic pump and liquid metering means; a control electrode connected to the electrode system; data acquisition system is connected with the probe . By using the apparatus and the appropriate process parameters, it is very conducive to the removal of contaminants, and the energy saving system stability, a method of testing the value and application prospects.


A preliminary description of the vocal repertoire of Graphiurus parvus is presented together with a survey of published data on vocalization in other species of the Gliridae. All species studied have a relatively rich vocal repertoire with tonal and noisy vocalization types. Graphiurus parvus vocalizations can have frequency components in the range from about 1 kHz to well into the ultrasonic range above 20 kHz. Hypotheses on the homology of the various vocalization types of the Gliridae are hardly possible.


Background: Internet use to gain general information is common. Our survey aimed to confirm its use in gaining health information amongst those attending colo-rectal outpatients. Patients / Methods: All patients attending colo-rectal outpatients in a district hospital over a 6-month period were asked to complete a questionnaire detailing their age, sex and occupation. Data regarding certain aspects of Internet use and health information were also sought. Results: 351 questionnaires were completed (72%) Mean age was 56 and sex ratio equal. Only 31% had access to the Internet, commonly from home. Although 138 subjects were aware that health information was available on the Internet, only 35 (10%) would seek this information. There were no differences in the sexes. Very few (14) had sought any information prior to their current hospital visit. Information gained was generally regarded as being less useful compared to specialist advice. Age group analysis showed no difference in awareness between the under forties and over sixties. However there is a significant difference in accessing this information between the two groups (p < 0.0001)


1 Introduction 2 Clinical assessment and recording 3 Electronic fetal monitoring: terminology 4 Control of the fetal heart and NICE guidelines 5 Cardiotocographic interpretation: the basics 6 Antepartum fetal surveillance 7 The admission test by cardiotocography or by auscultation 8 Cardiotocographic interpretation: clinical scenario 9 Contraction assessment 10 Oxytocin and fetal heart rate changes 11 Cardiotocographic interpretation: more difficult problems 12 The role of the scalp 13 Alterntaive methods of intrapartum fetal surveillance 14 Computer technology and the cardiotocograph 15 Medico-legal issues 16 Conclusion


Abstract There are several potential sources of bias in microcredit impact assessments. This paper uses a panel data set from a Peruvian MFI to test for impact of credit on microenterprise profits, while controlling for these biases. We find that those who will eventually become borrowers have significantly higher incomes than those who will not become borrowers, implying that selection into the lending programme is a substantial problem. After controlling for this selection, we find that an average microentrepreneur who borrows earns significantly higher enterprise profits than one who does not borrow, and that naïve models, which do not control for selection, overestimate this impact. Fixed effects estimates give roughly the same results as the quasi-experimental cross-section analysis.


The article dwells upon the peculiarities of remote piloted vehicles of on-board navigation complex. It is highlighted that total number of the remote-piloted vehicles have increased and as a result the question of their integration into common space with manned aircraft becomes urgent. It is possible only when specified quality of the remote piloted vehicle movement parameters have been determined, including accuracy and interference immunity. It has been highlighted that remote-piloted vehicle equipment is subject to stringent requirements for minimization of cost, mass and size characteristics and power consumption, which are often mutually contradictory, and their implementation in general leads to deterioration of accuracy. The problem of ensuring accuracy and noise immunity when using the general-purpose element base becomes urgent.