In this paper, we present a theoretical model which treats one-dimensional target heating and vaporization as well as energy absorption and collision reactions in the melting metal vapor. The coupling effects have been calculated for 0.308-micrometers XeCl laser radiation to aluminum. The incident laser intensity and the pulsed duration are 107 - 109 W/cm2 and 80-ns respectively. The time relations of thermal and impulse coupling coefficients are obtained by solving non-linear heat conduction and rate equations about the temperature and density. These results are compared with the experiment measurements and the agreement is fairly good.


Seedling growth and water use of six North American oak species were studied in a series of four experiments to determine inter- and intraspecies water use characteristics. Xeric-site adapted species (chestnut oak, Q. prinus [L.] and black oak, Q. velutina [Lamb.]) had slower growth (height and dry weight accumulation and lower shoot:root ratios) than mesic-site adapted species (bur oak, Quercus macrocarpus [Michx.]; pin oak, Q. palustris [Muenchh.], northern red oak, Q. rubra [L]; and Shumard oak, Q. shumardii [Buckl.]). Principal component analysis (a statistical technique used to identify correlated variables) using 11 variables found that seedling water use loaded positively with seedling growth factors (taller seedlings tended to have higher dry weights and greater leaf and root areas and used more water than shorter seedlings, which tended to have lower dry weights, smaller leaf, and root areas) in the first principal component. However, in the third experiment, seedling growth factors loaded negatively with seedling water use for Q. prinus. Tall Q. prinus seedlings tended to use less water than short seedlings. However, other measures of water use (g water cm −1height and cm −2leaf and root area) loaded negatively on the first principal component. Correlations between seedling heights and seedling waters use were significant and positive, but great within-species and within half-sib family differences in height-adjusted water use (g water cm −1height) were found. By plotting height-adjusted water use against seedling height, efficient and inefficient water use seedlings could be identified. Inefficient water use seedlings were shorter and had higher water use cm −1height than efficient water use seedlings. Inefficient water use seedlings were described as having a xeric-water use habit, whereas tall seedlings had a mesic-water use habit. Potentially, height-adjusted water use could be used as a method for selecting individual oak seedlings better adapted to stressful urban planting sites.


Malacobdella arrokeana, a new species of entocommensal nemertean is described from the mantle cavity of the bivalve Panopea abbreviata in Argentine waters. This discovery expands the distribution of the genus, including the Southern Hemisphere for the first time, and represents a new host record. Malacobdella arrokeana can be differentiated from all other species in the genus by the following combination of characters: worm size, length of rhynchocoel, proboscis and retractor muscle of proboscis, gonad distribution and coloration, and position of excretory pores.


In order to ensure the process quality of the hydraulic profile modeling machine tool ,the profile modeling tool rest should satisfy definite dynamic characteristic.Theoretical analysis of the dynamic characteristic for the mechanical-hydraulic position servo system is given.The results can be used for reference to improve the machining quality of this kind of machine tool.


This dissertation describes a year-long ethnographic study of rural basic writers in the Missouri Ozarks. Using Richard Hofstadter's concept of "anti-intellectualism" as a theoretical lens, I explored the attitudes of students towards writing and academic culture. This exploration was conducted by means of questionnaires, interviews, writing samples, and several experimental courses. Using all these data-collection mechanisms, I was able to identify three characteristics of these students. They were likely to demonstrate a dualistic ("right/wrong") epistemology. Accordingly, they expected their academic reading to make matter-of-fact truth claims. Finally, students were unlikely to understand the transformative nature of any educational enterprise, hoping instead to acquire discrete skills and knowledges that could be used to secure higherpaying, more stable employment. In addition to describing the study, this dissertation proposes a curriculum for guiding similar students through their introductory writing courses. Following in the footsteps of James Paul Gee, David Bartholomae, Patricia Bizzell, and others, I argue that basic writers need to be introduced to academic discourse through a process of "acculturation." Finally, I explore the ethical implications of both ethnographic classroom research and the acculturation of student groups. This dissertation is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. Dissertation Director: ______________________________________________________ Dr. Patrick Slattery Dissertation Committee: ______________________________________________________ Dr. David Jolliffe ______________________________________________________ Dr. Robert Cochran DISSERTATION DUPLICATION RELEASE I hereby authorize the University of Arkansas Libraries to duplicate this dissertation when needed for research and/or scholarship. Agreed ___________________________________________ Robert A. Griffith Refused ___________________________________________ Robert A. Griffith


Sintered U0/sub 2/ samples were leached in sulfaric acid solutions of various concentrations. A pressurized system was used so that it was possible to investigate the kinetics of the reaction to 270 C with oxygen overpressures as high as 900 psi. The rate was observed to be a function of the concentration of hydrogen ions and directly proportional to the partial pressure of oxygen. Evidences are presented which indicate that a U0/sub 2/ surface site reacts with a molecule of water to form a hydroxyl complex which in turn can dissociate with the characteristics of a weak acid. A rate determining step has been proposed which involves the reaction between an oxygen molecule and the hydrnoxyl complex on the surface of U02- (auth)


BACKGROUND
CYP1A1 is a candidate gene for low-penetrance breast cancer susceptibility, as it plays an important role in the metabolism of carcinogens and estrogens.

PURPOSE
The objective of this study was to assess the association between M2 (A2455G, Ile462Val) and M4 (C2453A, Thr461Asn) polymorphisms in CYP1A1 and breast cancer risk among Jordanian women and in subgroups stratified by menopausal status and smoking history.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Blood samples were collected from 112 breast cancer female patients and 115 age-matched controls who underwent breast cancer screening with imaging and showed negative results (BI- RADS I or BI-RADS II). Genotyping was performed using the PCR-RFLP technique.

RESULTS
No statistically significant overall association was found between breast cancer risk and CYP1A1 M2 genotypes (p-value = 0.55; OR = 0.77; 95% CI= 0.32 - 1.83) nor with the M4 polymorphism (p-value= 0.95; OR= 0.95; 95% CI= 0.51- 1.88). Analysis of subgroups defined by menopausal status or smoking history also revealed no association with these polymorphisms. Furthermore, the four identified haplotypes (AC; AA; GC and GA) were equally distributed among cases and controls, and haplotype analysis showed a strong linkage disequilibrium of both studied loci in either cases or controls (D'=1).

CONCLUSIONS
Based on the study results, CYP1A1 M2 and M4 polymorphisms do not seem to play a major role in breast cancer risk among Jordanian females.


In this paper, I propose to take a fresh look at the issue of religious education using the conceptual tools developed by the field of epistemic injustices. I argue that alertness to epistemic injustices targeting religious people gives ground for a religious education that promotes epistemic justice. To show that, I first argue there can be forms of testimonial injustice and hermeneutical injustice that target religious people qua religious people due to prejudices targeting their religiosity in general or their specific religious affiliation in particular and due to a form of active religious ignorance that I named post-Christian ignorance. From there, I argue that, on the one hand, an inadequate religious education would contribute to testimonial injustice through the perpetuation of identity prejudice and that, on the other hand, a lack of religious education would contribute to the hermeneutical marginalization of the religious other and would serve the selfprotecting purpose of post-Christian ignorance to avoid friction and maintain its invisible privilege. This will lead us to consider if a certain form of religious education could promote epistemic justice and that would thus ground part of its legitimacy in the desire to counter epistemic injustices. I finally argue that religious literacy will promote epistemic justice and hence counter both forms of epistemic injustice. Introduction In January 2020, the government of the Canadian province of Québec announced that they would thoroughly reform the ethics and religious culture course and that the new course would give significantly less attention to religion (Pilon-Larose 2020). In reaction to this announcement, voices for and against religious education in public schools of secular societies expressed their disagreement. The question still raises passions: which role, if any, should religion play in the public school curriculum? Should religious education be part of the curriculum in secular societies and if it does, which form should it take? When addressing the question of the role, if any, for religious education in public schools, numerous aspects have to be considered, but we should not ignore issues of epistemic injustice that can take place Gilles Beauchamp – Draft July 2021 – Please do not circulate without permission of the author. in a pluralist society either. As Ben Kotzee writes: "Educationalists alert to epistemic injustice ask how decisions about the curriculum enable or block students' understanding of particular social experiences and encourage or inhibit the ability of students from particular cultures to express their particular understanding of the world." (Kotzee 2017, 327) In this paper, I argue that religious people can suffer from both testimonial and hermeneutical injustice, and I argue that inadequate religious education and a lack of religious education would both contribute to those epistemic injustices, but that, on the contrary, a religious education that would seek to develop the competency of religious literacy would promote


Piezoelectric thin films incorporating poly(sodium 4- styrenesolfonate)(PSS) and poly(diallyldi-methylammonium chloride)(PDDA) were synthesized using the electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) process. The ESA-processed PSS/PDDA film is a layer-by-layer laminated structure, which exhibits piezoelectric response directly, with a piezoelectric coefficient d33 = 6.0 pC/N and without poling treatment. It is assumed that the self-assembly process may play a very important role in molecular alignment resulting in net polarization in the layer-by-layer structured ultrathin film, a process quite different from that used to form conventional piezoelectric films. Further study concerning the principles governing the novel ESA processing of piezoelectric films is on-going.


Water is the most precious resource known to mankind. Its importance to the survival of life on the planet can hardly be overemphasized. However, lack of access to pure drinking water is one of the ...


Let S be a locally compact Hausdorff space, and let A be a Banach space. The space of the continuous functions from S to A vanishing at infinity is denoted by C 0 (S, A). Let MW(S, A*) be the space of the representing measures of all the bounded linear functionals on C 0 (S, A). For μ ∈ MW(S, A*) let L∞(|μ|, A**, A*) = {f: S → A**|f(.)x* ∈ L∞(|μ|) ∀x* ∈ A*}. The second dual of C 0 (S, A) is characterized in the general case by means of certain elements in the product linear space Π{L∞(|μ|, A**, A*): μ ∈ MW(S, A*)}


This paper presents new system-level design for the cognitive sensor based on energy detection to boast the performance accuracy by maintaining a queue of energy samples and computing their average to determine the decision threshold. Thereafter, these values summed over average number of samples are again compared with the recent energy value to decide whether the spectrum is occupied or unoccupied more accurately. The performance of such technique is evaluated analytically for various decision thresholds. Such evaluations indicate that the some advancements made to the energy detection algorithm has demonstrated improvements in the spectrum sensing accuracy under varying signal to noise ratio (SNR) values. Subsequently, we have shown the benefits of the proposed scheme in increasing the agility of cognitive radio systems. The performance is measured by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves under varying number of levels for different SNR values like: −5 dB, −10 dB, −15 dB and −20 dB. With small tradeoffs between the detection probability and the false alarm probability, the scheme improves the spectrum sensing ability greatly in low SNR situations when tested with 10, 100, 1000, 10000 and 100000 samples. Thereby, enhancing the performance of such hardware friendly sensors under low SNR has been a potential achievement of our work. Finally, field-programmable gate-array (FPGA) prototyping of the proposed sensor architecture has been carried out and it has a latency of 21760 nS.


A study examining the emergence of Panslavic postulates over the course of three events: the 1848 Slav Congress in Prague; the Ethnographic Exibition of 1867 in Moscow; and the resurgence of Panslavic solidarity during the 1875-1878 uprising in Bosnia-Hercegovina.


New Zealand's banks are struggling to write enough business to grow their loan books and meet dollar and volume targets, a KPMG annual survey has found.


The Ocean Radiometer for Carbon Assessment (ORCA), currently being developed at Goddard, is a hyperspectral instrument with a spectral range extending from 350nm to 880nm in the UV and visible wavelength. Its radiometric measurement accuracy will depend, in part, on the extent to which it is insensitive to linearly polarized light. A wedge type depolarizer is used to reduce ORCA's polarization sensitivity over its entire spectral range. The choice for this approach is driven by the large spectral range and to a certain extent is also influenced by the currently orbiting SeaWifs instrument's use of a wedge depolarizer and its low polarization sensitivity. The wedge depolarizer's design, its modeled and measured depolarization characteristics are presented.


Bibliometric study identify by the steady growth of research output in any field of knowledge. This study is initiated to analyse the citations referred by ophthalmologists. To find out which resources they are citing very often, preferred journal, authorship pattern, Article Age, Authors Self citation, etc. The present study provides an output of the Ophthalmologists who are working with Eye Research Centre. The Ophthalmologists are publishing minimum of 30 research articles every year both in National and International Peer Reviewed Journals. We have summarized our findings in this study and concluded that a group of authors have worked for more number of scholarly publications and they are citing maximum number of resources. Bibliometric analysis in any field enhances the level of research outcome.


No matings occurred in the laboratory between species of 4 genera (Blaberus, Byrsotria, Eublaberus , and Archimandrita) of Blaberinae. Although several matings took place among 4 species of Blaberus , and among 5 species of Blattella , mechanisms responsible for reproductive isolation were quite effective among the above genera of Blaberinae, 4 species of Blaberus , and 7 species of Blattella . Almost invariably, eggs deposited by interspecifically mated females did not develop.


Cyber-physical systems for robotic surgery have enabled minimally invasive procedures with increased precision and shorter hospitalization. However, with increasing complexity and connectivity of software and major involvement of human operators in the supervision of surgical robots, there remain significant challenges in ensuring patient safety. This paper presents a safety monitoring system that, given the knowledge of the surgical task being performed by the surgeon, can detect safety-critical events in real-time. Our approach integrates a surgical gesture classifier that infers the operational context from the time-series kinematics data of the robot with a library of erroneous gesture classifiers that given a surgical gesture can detect unsafe events. Our experiments using data from two surgical platforms show that the proposed system can detect unsafe events caused by accidental or malicious faults within an average reaction time window of 1,693 milliseconds and F1 score of 0.88 and human errors within an average reaction time window of 57 milliseconds and F1 score of 0.76.


We investigated the physiological adaptations for winter survival in a freeze-intolerant chrysomelid, Aulacophora nigripennis, in warm-temperate regions. The adults showed a decreased supercooling point (SCP), increased chill tolerance and high myo-inositol content during winter. Chill tolerance at 0°C appears to be a more suitable indicator of their cold hardiness than SCP because they die at 0°C without freezing and normally an not exposed to subzero temperatures below their SCP (


Causes of ulnar nerve compression in Guyon's canal are various, but thrombosis of the ulnar artery due to a single trauma is rarely reported. We report a case of ulnar nerve compression caused by traumatic thrombosis of the ulnar artery in Guyon's canal. Surgical excision of the ulnar artery thrombus and end to end anastomosis resulted in complete relief of the patient's symptoms.


This chapter looks at how, in just four years, from late in 1763 until 1767, Daniel Sutton made a fortune working single-handedly as an inoculator. He did not, as might have been expected, head to London to prosper among the well-to-do. His experience working with his father had taught him that in country towns and villages there was a demand for inoculation and not many country surgeons at that time were willing to offer it. Sutton was sometimes described as a quack because he had no medical qualifications. He was, in the terms of the day, a 'mere empiric'. But what he achieved with his regime was real, effective as a preventive against smallpox, the most devastating disease of the age. He was more successful than his father and brothers because he made inoculation more accessible and less daunting with his relatively easy-going regime. As inoculation had become more acceptable in the 1750s, there were occasional attempts to inoculate whole populations simultaneously to overcome the danger of the infection spreading to those who had not been treated. This provided a new line of business for Sutton.


This thesis aims to examine the possibility of understanding social change by using new institutionalism approaches on a specific case, The case, which describes the implementation of new public management reform in the Swedish health care system, is analysed from two separate new institutionalism

perspectives; the tool perspective and the symbol perspective. These approaches differ from one another in the sense that the first relies on a rational choice ontology, while the latter rather refers to a sociological tradition. In the analysis, causal explanations as well as aim related explanations are presented. Formative moments such as economic stagnation, non-socialist governments and ideological isomorfism are presented as important factors behind the reformation. By using the tool perspective, the motives of the idea spreading and reformation of the Swedish health care system, are connected to a strictly rational

basis such as cost efficiency and quality improvements. According to the

symbolic perspective the motives are rather considered to be the strive for

legitimacy and identity as well as institutionalised expectations. The efficiency of using the two new institutionalism perspectives increases

when the case is characterised by a relatively high degree of abstraction, and when they complement each other.


C60 fullerene is widely used in organic devices; however, there are still unaccountable phenomena, such as the strong light absorption around 2.8 eV of C60 films and favorable device performance of...


INTRODUCTION In the digital age, Internet and social networks are the most important media for exchanging information and personal experiences. Individuals with health problems can use social media to increase their knowledge about diseases and treatment, often having the Internet as their main information source. Vaccines have been classified as one of the most important medical discoveries of all time. Vaccination acceptance is considered critical for the prevention of contagious diseases. The present study attempted to investigate the general public's perceptions on vaccination and their sources of information about vaccines, in Greece. METHODS The study was conducted through a web-based survey. The questionnaire consisted of closed-ended, 7-point Likert scale questions and multiple-choice questions. The data collected were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Also, bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify potential predictor variables concerning information sources on the participants' opinions on vaccines. RESULTS Responses by 683 individuals were obtained. Healthcare professionals are considered by the participants as the preferred source of information on vaccination. Older age groups express a higher degree of agreement regarding doctors as preferred information source, compared to the younger ones. More than 60% of the participants choose to be informed by official bodies such as the National Public Health Organization, the Ministry of Health, the WHO and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. A small proportion of the respondents (8%) stated that often to always they preferred social media as information sources about vaccinations. Doctors and Ministry of Health as sources of information and older age groups were found to be strong predictors of participants' positive attitude towards vaccines. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed that the vast majority of the participants are positive about vaccinations and seem to rely on more official sources of information on vaccination than the general Internet and social media. Communication efforts on vaccination awareness should be directed at younger ages and in particular through social media. INTRODUCTION In the digital age, Internet and social networks are the most important media of exchanging information and personal experiences. They play an important role in informing individuals in many areas, including the field of Health1,2. Individuals with health problems can use social media to increase their knowledge about diseases and treatment; often using the Internet as their main source of information, possibly disrupting the patient–doctor relationship, especially with regard to chronic diseases that require ongoing treatment3. In addition, misinformation on healthrelated issues that spreads on the Internet and social media can have negative consequences4. The Internet and social media have become tools for seeking health information and vaccinations in particular5. The increased presence of anti-vaccine content on social media presumably reduces vaccine uptake, thus increasing vaccine-preventable diseases6. Vaccines have been classified as one of the most important discoveries of all time7. It is estimated that they save two to six million lives each year, furthermore an additional one and a half million people could survive if vaccination coverage Research Paper | Population Medicine Popul. Med. 2022;4(February):7 https://doi.org/10.18332/popmed/146003 2 was adequately increased8. Despite the availability of safe and effective vaccines, several European countries are experiencing cases of vaccine preventable diseases for a variety of reasons. Many parents may experience difficulties accessing the healthcare system or be unaware of the need or means to prevent them9. Some groups of individuals show reduced trust in governments and others are encouraged to undermine existing trust. This requires new approaches, recognizing that the conventional approach and persuasion of these groups can have the opposite result. Vaccination programs are based on a high level of population coverage in order to be successful in reducing the prevalence of vaccine-preventable diseases10. For example, the WHO aimed to eradicate measles worldwide by 2007 and recommended vaccination of more than 95% of the population10. However, the global average population coverage was 86% in 20188. That children are still dying from measles, for which an effective vaccine has existed for almost 60 years, reflects a crisis in both the provision of public health services and the public's understanding of science9. The decline in public confidence in vaccination is a global phenomenon11. Many possible explanations for this decrease have been suggested, including fears about vaccine safety, the rise of the anti-vaccination movements, the use of social media, and growing distrust of expert opinion. Vaccine hesitancy has been characterized by the WHO as one of the ten global health threats in 2019. It is a threat to the progress made in defeating vaccine-preventable diseases8. Health literacy skills could help individuals to prevent or to eliminate diseases by accepting measures such as vaccination, especially for vulnerable populations. Health information literacy is the degree to which individuals are able to use correctly sources of information when making informed decisions about their health. It supposes a level of knowledge, personal skills and confidence to act in order to improve personal health and society as a whole, through changes in personal lifestyle and living conditions12. Scientists are the most competent to share scientific knowledge with the public in order to help them make informed decisions. Adapting to the new era and increasing the use of widespread digital tools in our rapidly evolving society are needed to restrict the gap between the means by which scientific and official information is available and the tools individuals use for information seeking13. Previous studies have thoroughly investigated vaccination uptake in Greece, for example, concerning the national vaccination program14, measles9, HPV15, hepatitis A, influenza16, and COVID-1917. However, to the best of our knowledge, vaccination uptake by the general population has not been associated with its information sources on vaccines. Therefore, the present study investigated the general public's perceptions on vaccination and their sources of information on vaccines, in Greece. METHODS This study was conducted through a web-based survey. The data collection was facilitated by the use of questionnaire posted on the Google Forms platform (https://www.google. com/forms/). The survey questionnaire was disseminated by email, Facebook's Messenger application and the Viber application to about 3000 recipients. The targetaudience was approached by sending messages to e-mail addresses published on official lists on websites of Public Services, Regional Units, associations and other bodies. The questionnaire was also sent through the Viber and Facebook Messager applications to the authors' personal contacts with the request to be communicated to the widest possible audience. Through the duration of the survey, 683 completed questionnaires were obtained. Τhe research is part of a postgraduate dissertation designed and conducted at the International Hellenic University, School of Social Sciences, Department of Library Science, Archives and Information Systems18. The survey, undertaken between 10 April and 15 May 2020, at a period when the COVID-19 pandemic was ongoing, and aimed to investigate the general public's views on vaccination and their information sources about vaccines, in Greece. The questionnaire was divided into two sections: 1) demographic data; and 2) respondents' views and information sources about vaccines. The questionnaire included closed questions using a 7-point Likert scale and multiple-choice questions. Likert scale responses were: 1 = never, 2 = rarely, 3 = usually not, 4 = sometimes, 5 = often, 6 = very often, and 7 = always; or 1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = partly disagree, 4 = neither disagree/nor agree, 5 = partially agree, 6 = agree, and 7 = strongly agree. This scale was considered to be the most appropriate for capturing respondents' perceptions, as it allows the direction and neutrality to be measured, as well as the estimation of the intensity of perceptions, on three levels (disagreement, neutrality, agreement), thus providing more useful information19. Statistical analysis In order to describe the characteristics of the sample and to present the results of the survey, the data were subjected to a descriptive statistical analysis enabling the information to be presented in tables. For the purposes of this work, the results of the questionnaire are interpreted according to the median of the distributions of survey responses as a central tendency measure of the participants' views, because it is considered a more appropriate central tendency measure for ordinal data20,21. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of internal consistency for the scale was calculated and reported. As the data collected from the questionnaire are ordinal20,21, normality assumption is violated under the Shapiro-Wilk criterion and data distributions are strongly skewed due to the 7-point Likert scale used. For these Research Paper | Population Medicine Popul. Med. 2022;4(February):7 https://doi.org/10.18332/popmed/146003 3 reasons the analysis of the data was carried out using nonparametric methods, as recommended in the literature20. Further analysis between genders was performed. The data collected from the questionnaire were analyzed using the non-parametric criterion Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney U), which compares two independent samples21 and is suitable for data with strongly skewed distribution, such as those derived from the


The soil macropore could contain some preferential flow, which would lead to groundwater pollution. The root channel of plant is one kind of soil macropore and has a special function in the groundwater pollution. The paper summarized the features and ecological function of plant root channel, which differs from the soil macropore of other types. The research on plant root channel would be able to offer some references for better understanding of soil macropore and to provide a new idea of solving environmental problem related to soil and groundwater.


A new species of a nematode of the family Anisakidae Railliet et Henry, 1912 from the body cavity of shark, Scoliodon palasorrah (Cuvier) from (Bay of Bengal) Visakhapatnam. The new species is characterized by body measurements, arrangement of papillae on the lips, type of striations on the cuticle, length of intestinal caecum, position of vulva, number and arrangement of caudal papillae, position and size of spicules and shape of tail. The new species is named as Hysterothylacium karanensis.


In this paper, we propose a classifier that can predict ventricular tachycardia (VT) events using artificial neural networks (ANNs) trained with parameters from heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. The Spontaneous Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia Database (Medtronic Version 1.0), comprising 106 pre-VT records and 126 control data, was used. Each data set was subjected to preprocessing and parameter extraction. After correcting the ectopic beats, data in the 5 minute window prior to the 10 second duration of each event was cropped for parameter extraction. Extraction of the time domain and non-linear parameters was performed subsequently. Two-thirds of the database of extracted parameters was used to train the ANN, and the remainder was used to verify the performance. ANNs for classifying the VT events was developed, and the sensitivities of the ANN was 82.9% (71.4% specificity). The normalized area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the ANN was 0.75.


Borings occur in solitary rugose corals from the Selkirk Member of the late Middle or Upper Ordovician Red River Formation in southern Manitoba. They are assigned to Dictyoporus garsonensis n. ichn...


With the electronic business developing deeply in enterprises,more and more enterprise websites sprang up.So both the scientific and the standard evaluation target system was needed to evaluate websites.Thus,a fast and practical evaluation means can be provided for business websites which can enhance the whole level and quality of electronic business website and propel the electronic business forward in the enterprise.First and foremost,both the theory and the principle on business websites evaluation were stated as well as methods concerned,next to the above,modern business websites evaluation system is to be constructed.Finally,the evaluating model in combination of typical cases was established by application of hierarchy analysis method so that enterprises websites can be evaluated synthetically.All these will absolutely prove that the target system and its evaluation method are really feasible hereby.


A 68-year-old man, presented with reduced vision and hypotony 6 years after combined cataract + glaucoma (phacoemulsification + trabeculectomy + intraocular lens) surgery with Mitomycin-C, clinical evaluation depicted a sweating bleb. Surgical repair was done with the use of donor scleral patch graft and collagen matrix implant along with conjunctival advancement. Histopathology of the excised thinned-out bleb wall showed a single layer of metaplastic conjunctival epithelium with the complete absence of goblet cells. The use of adjuvant mitomycin-C in trabeculectomy is known to cause bleb leak and associated complications in the long run. However, the histopathological features of sweating blebs and their surgical management is not well defined in the literature.


I. INTRODUCTION II. HEAT WAVE DEFINITIONS A. Heat Waves B. Heat-related Illnesses and Mortality C. Demographics 1. Individual Characteristics D. Place and Space Matter 1. Geographic Differences 2. Intra-urban Differences III. CLIMATE CHANGE AND HEAT WAVES IV. HEAT WAVES AND PUBLIC PERCEPTION A. Disbelief and Blaming the Victims B. Invisibility of Damage and Media C. Heat Waves and Property Damage 1. Media Coverage 2. Government Response to Disasters V. HEAT WAVE MITIGATION A. Heat Wave Emergency Plans 1. When to Issue Heat Wave Warnings 2. Targeting the Warnings and Making them Effective B. The Importance of Air Conditioning 1. Cooling Centers 2. Availability a. Air Conditioning Required b. Funding LIHEAP C. Large Structural Changes 1. Energy Efficiency and Supply 2. Energy Efficiency 3. Reducing the Urban Heat Island Effect VI. CONCLUSION I. INTRODUCTION Global climate change is almost certain to increase the frequency and intensity of heat waves. Over the last fifty years we have seen an increase in heat wave events, an increase scientists believe is the result, at least in part, of human activity. (1) The recently released Fourth Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes that heat waves will "very likely" increase over most land areas over the course of this century. (2) Conservative modeling estimates predict that these increases, absent significant reductions in carbon emissions, will result in a 70% increase in heat-wave deaths in the U.S. over the next forty years. (3) Heat waves differ in important respects from natural disasters like hurricanes or earthquakes. Our collective memory about these events fades quickly once temperatures return to normal. Few people seem to remember, for example, that the Chicago heat wave of 1995 killed more than 700 people, (4) or that more than 52,000 Europeans perished in the extreme heat of the summer of 2003--including more than 14,800 in France alone. (5) Even the 2006 deadly heat wave in California, in which at least 140 and as many as 466 people died, has faded quickly from public consciousness. (6) Furthermore, a prolonged U.S. heat wave during the summer of 1980, during which researchers estimate that between 1,500 and 10,000 people perished, has been long forgotten. (7) Increased heat waves from climate change are not, of course, the only catastrophic effects expected from global warming. Some of the most dramatic effects may require large structural and political changes. For example, massive sea level rise will require infrastructure investments to protect vulnerable shorelines, and prolonged drought may cause political upheaval and unrest in areas of the world where water is already scarce. The good news about increased heat waves, by contrast, is that we already posses the know-how to respond to the corresponding increase in health risk. Heat waves are not a new phenomenon, and some jurisdictions have made impressive strides in reducing heat-wave deaths. But many jurisdictions across the U.S. are ill-prepared to cope. (8) If Hurricane Katrina and its aftermath have taught us anything, it is that we need local, contextualized preparation (taking into account cultural, social and economic realities) to minimize catastrophe. I explore the phenomenon of heat waves in this article for two reasons. (9) First, heat waves already pose a large health threat to our most vulnerable populations and, though we possess the means and know-how to prevent many heat-wave deaths, many U.S. jurisdictions are unprepared to cope. Second, the future looks even worse. As the IPCC Fourth Assessment warns, global climate change will very likely increase the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events over the course of the 21st century. …


The distribution of impurity Ge in SiGe bulk single crystal which was grown by varying speed CZ was measured by using the SEM-EDS methods, and it was found that the Ge concentration varied from a lower value at head to a highter one at the tail of Si crystal which was doped Ge. According to the data which was measured the ef- fective distribution coefficient Ke value calculated is 0.60~0.65 approximately by this technique.


5-amino-2-(P-aminophenyl) benzoxazole was synthesized by the reacting from 2, 4-diaminophenol dihydrochloride and P-aminobenzoic acid in polyphosphoric acid. The synthesis method was investigated by orthodoxy experiment, and got the optimized conditions: the reacting temperature is 200℃, the reacting time is 5h, and the content of P2O5 is 84%. The yield of the product is over 90%. The product was purified by methanol with the high purity over 98%, and the product can be used as a monomer in polymerization.


Several factors arose during the post-World War II era and particularly the 1970-1980 decade which had a great impact on the U.S. food and agriculture system—including forestry, fiber, and related activities. They include (1) the increasing interdependence among the basic industries of agriculture and forestry and other sectors of the domestic and world economies, (2) the emergence of a technology highly dependent on petroleum and petrochemicals accompanied by increasing dependence of the U.S. on foreign sources of petroleum, the cartelization of major foreign crude oil suppliers under OPEC, and an increased vulnerability to worldwide political unrest, (3) the rapidly expanding export market for farm food and feed commodities and the reliance on farm commodity exports to help offset a growing deficit in international trade, (4) the rapid commercialization and industrialization of the food and agriculture sector, and (5) the increasing social awareness and demands for improved environmental quality and human health that led to public regulations affecting the food and agriculture system.


Energy, being a very important aspect of international relations and a crucial element for the enhancement of national security, has both economic and geopolitical signifi-cance for consumer, producer and transit countries. In the course of last years the European Union (EU) ? Russia energy relations, and in particular the conflictual as-pects of the Energy Dialogue (ED) and the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) have been paid much attention. The aim of this essay is to find out the reasons for conflict emergence which can contribute to the deeper understanding of EU-Russia energy relations. In order to conduct the research I examine and discuss the legal framework of the EU-Russia energy relations including the conflictual issues. Then I analyze these issues with the help of Sergei Prozorov's innovative theory of understanding conflict emergence which approaches conflict between the parties from an impartial standpoint. With the help of the interpretative model I came to the conclusion that the reason for conflict emergence is the clash of the deployed logics behind the opted for foreign policies of the EU and Russia which is conditioned by the asymmetrical inte-gration and the difficulty of the respective parties to recognize each others interests as legitimate. The asymmetrical interdependence is found to be the factor that intensifies the conflictual issues.


The article has made an analysis of the sport-reaction during the altitude and hypoxia training. It shows that altitude training is not only influenced by sport-reaction, but also by mental reaction.It also states the use of acute reaction model.


The paper details trends in gang violence and victimization, considering them in terms of accepted chronological phases of disaster. Drawing from the experience of other forms of conflict disaster, future research needs are defined, asserting that gang victimology and epidemiology are unexplored areas within community health and disaster studies which deserve the attention of the emergency and disaster medical community.


Javanese society still steeped in culture and mystique there are a lot of myths, one of hich is the myths associated with the presence of legends inscriptions . Inscription Plumpungan and Plumpungan which is the origin story of Salatiga. Salatiga community later made into an icon inscription plumpungan the name of   Batik Plumpungan. Plumpungan batik is batik drawing pattern is a form of inscription Plumpungan. As one of cultural studies, this research is very important because Inscription Plumpungan used as an icon with the name of Salatiga batik "Batik Plumpungan". Legends and inscriptions Plumpungan in Salatiga a local cultural heritage that should be preserved and conserved as an effort to increase the cultural richness of Indonesia. The existence of legends and inscription Plumpungan used as a traditional batik icon Salatiga have an impact for the improvement of people's income Salatiga and also support an increase in the arrival of tourists both local, domestic and foreign so salatiga tourism sector in the city has increased. Small industrial centers established Batik Plumpungan together in one container that Joint Business Group. Joint Business Group is a group of batik artisans who make batik and obtain capital loans to both individuals and groups. In addition to their capital loan craftsmen also have no trouble selling the results because the centers adannya Batik buyers usually consists of tourists, both domestic, local directly come to the center of batik.


Thresholds for detection of odor, nasal pungency (irritation), and eye irritation were measured for single volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (1-propanol, 1-hexanol, ethyl acetate, heptyl acetate, 2-pentanone, 2-heptanone, toluene, ethyl benzene, and propyl benzene) and certain mixtures of them (two three-component mixtures, two six-component mixtures and one nine-component mixture). Nasal pungency was measured in persons lacking a functional sense of smell to avoid interference from olfaction. The results showed the existence of various degrees of stimulus agonism (additive effects) in the three sensory channels. Such agonism increased with the complexity of the mixtures and with the lipophilicity of their components. Eye irritation even showed synergistic stimulus agonism for the most lipophilic (one of the six-component) and the most complex (the nine-component) mixtures. The results indicate that complex chemical environments may enable chemosensory, and particularly irritative, detection when single VOCs lie far below their individual thresholds. Even the present rather rudimentary state of knowledge of how lipophilicity influences detection of single VOCs and how it and complexity (number of components) influence detection of mixtures would presumably allow refinement of a measure such as total mass (or concentration) of volatile organic compounds (TVOC) into a much more meaningful index that we might call the perceptually weighted level of VOCs, or PWVOC. Such an index, like the index dB(A) for sound, could make an otherwise strictly physical measurement at least somewhat predictive of human responses.


(Diene)Fe(CO)2PPh3 complexes exist in solution as isomeric mixtures with phosphine in the axial or basal position of the square pyramidal structure, methyl substitution at the internal diene carbon or trans-disubstitution at the terminal diene carbon increasing the concentration of axial isomer; cis- or trans-monosubstitution or cis-disubstitution at the terminal carbon increases the concentration of basal isomer.


Space weathering is a term used to include all of the processes which act on material exposed at the surface of a planetary or small body. In the case of the moon, it includes a variety of processes which have formed the lunar regolith, caused the maturation of lunar soils, and formed patina on rock surfaces. The processes include micrometeorite impact and reworking, implantation of solar wind and flare particles, radiation damage and chemical effects from solar particles and cosmic rays, interactions with the lunar atmosphere, and sputtering erosion and deposition. Space weathering effects collectively result in a reddened continuum slope, lowered albedo, and attenuated absorption features in reflectance spectra of lunar soils as compared to finely comminuted rocks from the same Apollo sites. However, the regolith processes that cause these effects are not well known, nor is the petrographic setting of the products of these processes fully understood. An interesting confluence of events occurred in the early 1990s. First, came the discovery of vapor deposited coatings on lunar regolith grains by Keller and McKay, who showed that amorphous coatings from 50-100 nm thick containing fine-grained Fe metal (1-10 nm in diameter) were common in the fine size fraction of several mature lunar soils. The other discovery was the recognition that the optical properties of lunar soils were dominated by fine grain sized material (less than 45 micrometer fraction) by Pieters and coworkers. These discoveries led to coordinated studies that looked at the mineralogy, chemistry, and optical properties of lunar soils as function of composition, maturity, and grain size fraction. One of the major revelations from these studies was the recognition that much of the nanophase Fe metal is surface-correlated especially in the finest size fractions, and that it was this nanophase Fe that dominated the optical properties of the soil.


Decision-making authorities throughout both the public and private sector invest substantial amounts of time and money into developing a recovery plan. Yet, some organizations fail to address who will execute the plan and how. Employee needs are not always being addressed and, as a result, many groups find themselves lacking support after a disaster. Operational restoration is jeopardized and this often affects the financial and psychological make up of a business. There are methods that help in identifying employee sensitivities. Once there is a solid understanding about recruiting the right recovery team, certain strategies promote adequate training and manpower. Essentially, people are behind every stage of emergency management. To produce desirable outcomes, material resources must combine with human resources.


ABSTRACT The bio-political discourses of nationhood and homo/sexuality burgeon geo-culturally and historically, and this article presents a case-study of Poland post-2004 EU enlargement. Focused on the (televised) presidential media orchestrations of the 'EU and homosexual menace' and parliamentary resolutions, the tensions between nationhood and sexuality are analysed through the prisms of dislocation, surplus, rhetoric of fear and antagonism. The presented argument: (1) discusses the complex simultaneity of discursive relations (rejection and dependency, flagrancy and obscurity, desire and abjection) spanning political and cultural narratives; (2) accentuates the evocative role of the emotive repertoire of media strategies deployed in the political and cultural 'sex wars' over the notion of 'sovereignty' in the post-2004 Poland and 'EUrope'; (3) underlines 'discourse consciousness' of the populist political institutions.


The invention relates to a method of automatically order-picking or consolidating articles (5) of a wide variety of different formats and varieties, using the following steps: separating (6, 6') the stored articles, storing the articles in a rack bay (8), retrieving the articles and palletizing (10, 10') them. The method is predominantly characterized in that the articles (5) which are to be order-picked for an order are put together in a rack bay (8) already in the sequence which is necessary for palletizing (10, 10'). The invention also relates to an installation for implementing the method.


This investigation was conducted in the two successive winter seasons of 2013 and 2014 on Radish plants in sandy soil at the green house of the National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt, to study the effect of amino acids and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth, chemical composition, yield and its quality of Radish plant. The experiment included 10 treatments resulted from spray treatments, viz. amino acids at 500 and 750 ppm and nitrogen fertilizer at rates of 40, 80 and 120 Kg N/fed. A complete randomized block design with three replicates was adopted. Results indicated that spraying the plants with amino acids at higher rate had statistically effect on fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, root length and diameter as well as nutrient content and uptake. Moreover, the highest values of chlorophyll a, b, a+b and carotenoids were obtained from the application of amino acid at the rate 750 ppm with nitrogen fertilizer at 120 Kg N/ fed. Also, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content recorded highest significant values in Radish plants with the same treatment. Nitrate accumulation decreased significantly by spraying of amino acid the rate of 750 ppm with nitrogen fertilizer at 40 Kg N/ fed.


Oscillations found in process control loops are the visible indications of process deterioration. The presence of oscillation in an industrial control loop may reduce quality of the product; increase the rejection rate and energy consumption which may result in reduced profitability. Many techniques stated in the literature for oscillation diagnosis has their own benefits and limitations. Performance assessment of a single control loop is a valued procedure to spot suddenly rising faults and slowly emerging degradation. In this paper, the oscillations present in the process variable of a Shell and Tube Heat eXchanger (STHX) process are diagnosed using the Higher Order Spectral Analysis (HOSA) in MATLAB. From HOSA, bispectrum, modified bispectrum and bicoherence analysis technique is applied to the laboratory STHX process to spot the probable root cause for oscillations


Abstract We investigate the propagation of accretion-powered jets in various types of progenitor candidates of GRBs. We perform two dimensional axisymmetric simulations of relativistic hydrodynamics taking into account both the envelope collapse and the jet propagation. In our simulations, the accretion rate is estimated by the mass flux going through the inner boundary, and the jet is injected with a constant accretion-to-jet conversion efficiency η. By varying the efficiency η and opening angle θop for more than 30 models, we find that the jet can make a relativistic breakout from all types of progenitors for GRBs if a simple condition η ≳ 10−3 (θop/20°)2 is satisfied, that is consistent with analytical estimates, otherwise no explosion or some failed spherical explosions occur.


In this paper, we consider the problem of using a drone to collect information within orchards in order to detect bugs. An orchard can be modeled as an aisle-graph, which is a regular data structure formed by consecutive aisles where trees are arranged in a straight line. For monitoring the presence of bugs, a drone flies close to the trees and takes videos and/or pictures that will be analyzed offline. As the drone's energy is limited, only a subset of locations in the orchard can be visited with a fully charged battery. Those places that are most likely to be infested should be selected to promptly detect the parasite. We study the budgeted constrained position selection problem in the orchard from an algorithmic point of view. We present the Single-drone Orienteering Aisle-graph Problem (SOAP), a variant of the well-known orienteering problem where the finite resource is the drone's battery. We first show that SOAP can be optimally solved for aisle-graphs in polynomial time. However, the optimal solution is not efficient for large orchards. Then, we propose two efficient heuristics that work even for large (orchard) instances. After a thorough analysis of the proposed solutions, we evaluate their performance by simulation experiments on both synthetic and real data sets.


The utility model discloses a terminal and connector, wherein the terminal includes: a basal portion is kept by a terminal holding element, and a contact arm, follow the basal portion extends and contacts the contact site of another terminal. In the said terminal, the contact arm includes: follow the first frame portion and the second frame portion of the cantilever type that the basal portion extends, a connection box portion will a free end of first frame portion with a free end of second frame portion is connected, a contact protruding portion, formed at said first frame portion, and a contact surface, formed at said contact protruding portion. And, work as the contact arm through with the contact of the contact site of another terminal and during by elastic deformation, the contact surface along a parallel direction remove and maintain and the contact surface contact of the contact site of another terminal. The connector includes the terminal and a base of this application, and this base includes the terminal holding element, the connector butt joint has another connector of another terminal.


Objective: The study discussed the influence of comprehensive nursing intervention on the negative emotion and quality of life of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Method: 118 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were collected in our department, who were randomly allocated to the two groups. In the intervention group (59 cases), in addition to conventional nursing, the patients also received the comprehensive nursing intervention based on health education, psychological guidance, cognitive-behavioral change and encouragement of social support. The control group (59 cases) received conventional nursing. The differences of negative emotion and quality of life between two groups were analyzed by the negative emotion subscale and quality of life scale (WHONQOL-BREF) in the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). Results: The quality of life in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group after intervention, and the negative emotion was significant lower than the control group. Conclusion: The comprehensive nursing intervention, based on health education, psychological guidance and encouragement of social support, could significantly reduce the negative emotion of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, improved the quality of life.


Abstract We study the morphology of Eulerian vortical structures and their interaction with density interfaces in increasingly turbulent stably stratified shear layers. We analyse the three-dimensional, simultaneous velocity and density fields obtained in the stratified inclined duct laboratory experiment (SID). We track, across 15 datasets, the evolution of coherent structures from pre-turbulent Holmboe waves, through intermittent turbulence, to full turbulence and mixing. We use the rortex–shear decomposition of the local vorticity vectors into a rortex vector capturing rigid-body rotation and a shear vector. We describe the morphology of ubiquitous hairpin-like vortical structures (revealed by the rortex), similar to those commonly observed in boundary-layer turbulence. These are born as relatively weak vortices around the strong three-dimensional shearing structures of confined Holmboe waves, and gradually strengthen and deform under increasing turbulence, transforming into pairs of upward- and downward-pointing hairpins propagating in opposite directions on the top and bottom edge of the shear layer. The pair of legs for each hairpin are counter-rotating and entrain fluid laterally and vertically, whereas their arched-up 'heads', which are transverse vortices, entrain fluid vertically. We then elucidate how this large-scale vortex morphology stirs and mixes the density field. Essentially, vortices located at the sharp density interface on either edge of the mixing layer (mostly hairpin heads) engulf blobs of unmixed fluid into the mixing layer, whereas vortices inside the mixing layer (mostly hairpin legs) further stir it, generating strong, small-scale shear, enhancing mixing. These findings provide new insights into the role of turbulent coherent structures in shear-driven stratified mixing.


The objectives of the present clinical study were to evaluate the safety and efficacy of misoprostol (Cytotec®) self-administered into the vagina for medical abortion in adolescents under the age of 18 years. After obtaining written consent from the patients and parents or guardians, a group of 150 adolescents with gestations between 35 and 63 days received 800 μg of vaginal misoprostol every 24 h, up to a maximum of three main doses, for abortion. Outcomes assessed included successful abortion (complete abortion without surgery), side-effects, decrease in hemoglobin, mean time of vaginal bleeding, mean expulsion time and mean time for the return of menses. Complete abortion occurred in 133/150 (88.7%, 95% confidence interval 82–93) patients. The frequencies of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea were statistically significantly higher when compared to those obtained for adult females. Vaginal bleeding lasted for 12.7 ± 5.7 days (median 12 days, range 1–23 days). The mean expulsion time was 6.8 ± 2.4 h (median 6 h, range 3–14 h) for those who aborted after the first misoprostol dose. The mean time for the return of menses, for those who aborted with misoprostol, was 34.7 ± 3.4 days. The mean decrease in hemoglobin was statistically significant (p = 0.001), but had no clinical relevance. Taking into account the high abortion rate obtained, we could conclude that misoprostol alone is a valid method for terminating unwanted pregnancies in adolescents under the age of 18 years.


The Range Site 3: Mississippian and Oneota Occupations. NED H. HANENBERGER. Illinois Transportation Archaeological Research Program Research Reports 17, Champaign, IL, 2003. 515 pp., 106 figs., 102 tables, biblio. $25.00 (paper), ISBN 1-930487-09-06 (no. 17). Reviewed by John T. Penman The Range Site 3 report covers the latest prehistoric occupation (Oneota) and two of the Mississippian phases (Lohmann and Stirling). This is the first report on the Range site published in the Transportation Archaeological Research Reports series by the Illinois Transportation Archaeological Research Program (ITARP), formerly the Resource Investigation Program (RIP) at the University of Illinois. RIP conducted excavations on a proposed interstate highway in the American Bottom of the Mississippi River identified as Interstate 270 in the initial planning. A total of 28 site reports in the FAI-270 Site Reports series were published by the University of Illinois Press. In 1987 the Archaic through Late Woodland components at Range were published in that series and the Emergent Mississippian Dohack and Range phases were presented in a 1990 report. The Emergent Mississippian George Reeves and Lindeman phase occupations at Range are detailed in Report 18 in the ITARP series. Chapters 1 to 3 and those on features, artifacts, and site interpretation are by Hanenberger. L. S. Kelly presents faunal remains for the three occupations (chapters 8, 13, and 20) and an appendix on shell and bone artifacts. Kathryn E. Parker deals with floral remains (chapters 9, 14, and 21). Burials are in an appendix by George R. Miller, Steva C. Pullins, and Richard Paine. Artifact tabulations, feature descriptions, and burials are in the appendices. The introductory chapter (chapter 1) briefly discusses the preceramic and Woodland components and refinements in nomenclature for the Mississippian temporal framework. Chapter 2 ("Site Description") describes the spatial relationship of Range to natural features in the American Bottom. Chapter 3 on "Analytical Approach" describes methods used in analyzing ceramics, lithics, fauna, flora, and the features. Over 5,500 features were recovered from the seven-hectare part of the site within the highway right of way. The Oneota (A.D. 1500-1650) component consists of 2 structures, 14 storage pits, and 2 hearths; 183 features date to the Lohmann phase (A.D. 10001050) and 48 features, including houses, are Stirling (A.D. 1050-1150). Chapters 4 to 15 deal with the Lomann and Stirling Mississippian phases. A comparison of community patterns between Lohmann and the later Stirling phase is in chapter 4, along with differences in artifact densities and deposition practices. Hanenberger notes that the Lohmann/Stirling community plan contrasts with the Emergent Mississippian Lindeman pattern in that dwellings are no longer constructed around a central courtyard. In the discussion of Stirling phase features (chapter 10), Hanenberger notes the difficulty in assigning temporal placement to some of the superimposed houses and other features due to the length of occupation at Range. Stirling phase features include wall trench structures that are probably houses. Less common are structures that may have served as sweat lodges. Lohmann phase feature clusters are identified as to function based primarily on pit feature type and presence of exotic material. Hanenberger (chapter 15) identifies two feature clusters as "ordinary domestic households" with "special functions," and due to the size of one of the "special features" it was identified as a community building. The presence of red cedar, a discoidal, and elaborate ceramics in a second "special" feature indicated that the structure had a ceremonial purpose (page 349). …


Language is the most important tool for human communication, is a means for human beings to form and express ideas, is the most basic information carrier of the human society, and is the symbol system of the combination of sound and meaning of the social convention. Culture refers to the behavior and way of thinking that people learn, create and share in the same social group. The culture of a nation includes the national belief, behavior criterion, language, etiquette, art, technology, dress, religion and economic system. Language is a part of the culture; language teaching can't be separated from culture. This paper discusses the role, significance, principles and methods of cultural introduction in Russian language teaching.


Background: The attitude of nurses in using personal protective equipment greatly influences the transmission of infection. The negative attitude in using personal protective equipment will result in work accidents such as being infected with a disease, this attitude has 22 times the risk of experiencing work accidents compared to the positive attitude of nurses. The purpose of this study was to describe the attitude of nurses about the use of personal protective equipment in the inpatient room of TK II Udayana Hospital.
Methods: This study used a descriptive research design, with cross sectional approach. Sampling was simple random sampling with a total sample of 71 people, namely nurses who served in the Inpatient Room at TK II Udayana Hospital. The instrument used is a questionnaire in the form of a google form. Data were analyzed by univariate analysis.
Results: The results of this study found that most of the respondents (95.8%) had a positive attitude about the use of personal protective equipment. Based on the characteristics of the respondents, namely the age characteristics, most of the respondents were 26 - 35 years old (47.2%), most of them were female (91.7%), the working period of most respondents was (79.2%). %) have a work period of three years or more than three years, most of them have a DIII Nursing education (55.6%), most of the respondents (83.3%) have received socialization / attended seminars / trainings.
Conclusion: The attitude of nurses about the use of personal protective equipment in the Inpatient Room of TK II Udayana Hospital has mostly a positive attitude.


In the year 1225, a year before his death, Francis of Assisi composed the Canticle of Brother Sun, a rich lyrical poem in which God is praised through the works of creation. Although the text is relatively simple in composition, the Canticle encompasses a profound inner meaning that transcends creation prima facie, the elements of which comprise the body of praises.1 The Canticle can be identified as a hymn of light composed by one who experienced the true light of God revealed in Christ. Yet, paradoxically, at the time of its composition, Francis was virtually blind, in constant physical pain and approaching the end of his life. The praises of God expressed in the Canticle, therefore, point to a deeper meaning of Francis's life in relationship to God. Since he had already received the stigmata by the time he composed the text, his unique relationship to God can be identified in his conformity to the Crucified. The thesis of this paper is that the Canticle of Brother Sun is a testimony of Francis's mystical union with Christ. It is a cosmic Christie hymn in which Francis, united to Christ, sings of his union with all creation in Christ. The eschatological tone of the hymn resonates the melody of the new paradise in which Christ stands as center and eternal mediator.


In recent years, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has shown a valid futuristic application in the field of medical, geology, industry and defence etc. The basic plan of a Wireless sensor network(WSN) is to spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions. Wireless communication technology exhibits different forms of security threats. [1] This paper introduces numerous security problems in wireless sensor network, by distinguishing various threats and therefore analysing those problems and stating some security measures within the WSN. We additionally discuss the security for making certain layered and robust(strong) security in wireless sensor networks


It gives me great pleasure to visit India, an enchanting country, at the beginning of the new century and new millennium. On behalf of the Chinese people, I would like to extend cordial greetings to friends, old and new, who have over the years cared for the friendly relations and cooperation between China and India, and send best wishes to the industrious and talented Indian people. As history turns a new page, people around the world are reviewing the past and looking to the future. In the twentieth century mankind experienced two World Wars. Despite this, the vehicle of history has moved forward. That India and China won national independence and liberation were two epic achievements of the century. Mankind created unprecedented civilisations and enjoyed fast growth of social productive forces driven by the revolution of science and technology in the past century. Now we are ushering in a better and more prosper-


Abstract In this paper, we compute the Fourier expansion of the Shintani lift of nearly holomorphic modular forms. As an application, we deduce modularity properties of generating series of cycle integrals of nearly holomorphic modular forms.


In this paper, an attempt is made to discuss approaches to valuing environmental impacts of forestry project. More specifically, how the static basic exchange model can be modified and simplified for valuation of the same. It is suggested that the social benefit-cost analysis can be used to the valuate nontimber products of forestry project; and, different methods to valuing different nontimber outputs are discussed and reviewed.


The regular, triennial elections for the International Court of Justice (ICJ), with a third of the fifteen seats on the Court coming up for renewal or replacement, were held on November 15, 1990. The five successful candidates thus elected, or re-elected, qualified for regular nine-year terms beginning on February 6, 1991. In the result, two incumbent judges, from France (Judge Guillaume) and Great Britian (Judge Jennings), who were candidates for re-election, were successful. Two other incumbent judges, from Argentina (the retiring Court President, Judge Ruda) and from Sénégal (Judge M'Baye), did not present themselves for re-election. A third incumbent judge, from India (Judge Pathak, who had been elected to the Court in a casual election held in April 1989), was nominated for re-election by a country other than his own, but chose to withdraw after the close of nominations and before the actual balloting. These three seats of the Court were filled by the election of candidates from Venezuela (Aguilar Mawdsley), Madagascar (Ranjeva), and Sri Lanka (Weeramantry).


In the four decades since the first microwave radar with a plan-position-indicator was installed in U.S.S. Semmes in the spring of 1941, marine radar has been praised as boon to reduced visibility navigation, cursed with the phrase "radar-assisted-collisions", and now required for installation on most seagoing vessels. This paper presents a personalized perspective of how radar has been used by mariners since the first radars started appearing in quantity in the U.S. and British fleets in 1942. In World War II, at night when all ships were darkened, radar was the military vessel's primary sensor for detection of surface targets, station keeping information, for intercepting targets, for keeping merchant ship convoys in formation and for entering and leaving port in poor visibility. A generation of watch officers developed competence in the use of marine radar. After the war, merchant ships were equipped with radar with mixed results. A new generation of watch standers had to learn to use radar from experience. The development over the years of what is required to effectively use radar to maneuver and navigate a ship is explored. Examples of the use of radar for navigation and maneuvering are described. Development of computer based aids is briefly discussed.


The coinages of Latin colonies, due to their marginal character, have often been considered subsidiaries or imitational of the Roman issues, if not even a sign of a fault in Roman control. A better assessment of these perspectives is offered by the analysis of two case-coinages, those of Hatria and Firmum Picenum : this paper presents the catalogue and analysis of the coins issued by these colonies in the years immediately following their deduction, examined within a broad historical and archaeological context. For the colonies in Picenum, as for other Latin colonial communities, coins were both an economic and a cultural phenomenon, and their accurate study contributes to a better reconstruction of the political and social structures of the communities by which the coins were produced.


This paper begins by explaining why stimulating bicycle usage in the Dutch city of Arnhem is no simple matter. In order to really stimulate bicycle usage, and improve its competitive position especially in relation to the car, a cohesive network of High Quality Bicycling Routes should be offered in Arnhem, complying with strict quality demands. The introduction of the high quality cycling route as a planning concept is important in the sense that it is a framework to which all other measures to stimulate bicycle usage can be attached. The so-called 'desired cycling structure' should be based on the characteristic urban development structure of Arnhem. This concept means in principle that cycling must be possible in all the present streets, roads and squares. 'Desired cycling structure' provides prior conditions for the new urban development structure which is to be realized. The High Quality Bicycling Route network at city level is selected from the entire 'desired bicycling structure'. The High Quality Bicycling Routes should be given extra quality, while the 'normal amount of attention' should be paid to the 'complementary bicycling network'. For the covering abstract see IRRD 860086.


The video game heritage is being preserved especially on the Web: comments, screenshots, sounds, videos, etc. But one important element is missing: the environment in which we play (game atmosphere) is one of our strongest memories. This article describes an investigationbased method to record game atmospheres, the four atmospheres we are archiving (one bedroom, one living room, and two game room atmospheres), the interactions allowed in these virtual environments, and some technical points about how to access these atmospheres (on the Web or thanks to a virtual reality system).


Abstract : This is the final report that summarizes the research activities carried out under the grant F08630-95-1-0004 (for 5 year, period 01/30/95 to 01/29/00), awarded to the University of Illinois (D. Scott Stewart, Principle Investigator) and the Air Force Research Laboratory, Munition Directorate, Eglin AFB. The major research findings are summarized in the Discussion of Research Accomplishments and they describe (1) development of new models for reactive flow and ignition of energetic materials, (2) improved computational ability for reactive flow and ignition problems, (3) the transfer of detonation propagation algorithms to explosive design codes. A bibliography of all the main archival research papers and technical reports are included with their abstracts.


The invention relates to a method for reducing thermomechanical stresses during solidification of a melt bath during welding with a laser beam by a downstream temperature influencing of the weld, the laser beam during welding a spatially oscillating movement running in parallel and / or perpendicular to the weld seam, wherein the solidification of the melt pool is controlled by an additional and synchronously performed for the spatial oscillation time oscillation of the laser beam intensity and / or the laser beam collimation.


This paper reviews the utilization of surface texture for attainment of high conversion efficiency in Si p/n junction solar cells. Advantages and disadvantages of surface texture are discussed, and recent research on high efficiency ion-implanted cells that demonstrates some important aspects of texture is reviewed. Texture-etched cells with AMI conversion efficiency of 18% are reported and the manner in which use of texture might lead to even higher efficiency is discussed.


In the last decade, the cattle industry has witnessed increased demand from domestic and international markets for hormone and antibiotic free beef. However, the environmental consequences of switching from conventional production to "natural" beef have not been extensively examined. This study explored greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions estimated using a whole-farm model, Holos (www.agr.gc.ca/holos-ghg) with model inputs from a 2-year replicated study in which calves were managed from weaning to finishing with 6 treatments based on body weight and feeding strategy. Treatments included Heavy (H), which were directly finished, Medium (M), which were backgrounded prior to finishing, and Light (L), which were backgrounded and then grazed during the summer before being placed on a finishing diet. Each treatment was subdivided into two management practices: Conventional (CON) in which productivity enhancing technologies (PETs) were used (ionophores, steroid implants and beta-adrenergic agonists) and Natural (NAT) in which PETs were removed. Emission intensity (kg CO2e kg-1 boneless beef) of HNAT was 17.3 to 20.1% higher than HCON, MNAT was 20.3 to 20.5% higher than MCON and LNAT were 11.5–12.6% higher than LCON treatment. Conventional treatments, using PET's, reduced GHG emissions, however grazing should be considered for its potential to store and promote carbon sequestration in perennial grasslands.


Environmental knowledge has been learned formally in schools including universities and informally through lineage, the community, and the media. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices is a survey technique used to measure the phenomenon of human life as well as its impact on behavior and how it contributes to environmental management. The objective of this research is to examine the relationship between university students' environmental knowledge and attitudes, practices, and their contribution to behavior change. It was conducted at Indraprasta University PGRI-Jakarta, Indonesia, with a sample size of 137 students, 49 undergraduates of biology education, and 88 postgraduates of mathematics and natural science. In addition, the data analysis method used is a Statistical Non-parametric Bivariate Pearson Correlation. The research concluded that 63 percent of students learned environmental knowledge formally from schools, 15 percent from non-formal education, and 22 percent by both formal and non-formal means. Moreover, the students' understanding did not contribute to their attitude but encouraged their practices significantly. Furthermore, their attitude did not influence the implementation within their real life, but those who practice the information can promote environmentally friendly behaviors.


Introduction This paper discusses whether the investment in e-learning to produce knowledge and innovation is a significant part in educational system. In our age the innovation depends on the access to more and more knowledge and information. Innovation consists in the design, development and diffusion of a technology (or a practice) which is new for the society concerned. Innovation requires for good solution: 1) a climate favorable to communicate information (eliminate bureaucratic and other obstacles); 2) interactions between the local business world and the different sources of knowledge. Those knowledge sources include university or public laboratories, etc. In Oxford Dictionary knowledge is define like "a theoretical or a practical understanding of a subject", but on the other hand Denham Grey said "knowledge is the full utilization of information and data, coupled with the potential of people's skills, competencies, ideas, intuitions, commitments and motivations" [16]. So, the knowledge reflects in fact a deep using and understanding of information and this entire interconnecting witch the use of technologies. Knowledge and new technology infrastructure, research, innovation and a continue process of learning are interconnected (figure 1).


Light scattering-based laser particle analyzers have found wide use in powder technology and many particle systems. It is very important that the photodetector of the analyzer is in good alignment with the incident laser beam, otherwise errors will occur. In this paper, the influences of misalignment on the final results of measurements are discussed.


As per current circumstance about condition effect of turnpike development and insufficiency in ecological designing assurance proportions of freeway development, jieke hypothesis was utilized to break down the areas of eco-condition and their jobs. Essential idea and structure of eco-condition framework was expounded, and its application prospect in condition assurance of interstate development was investigated. Finally, guideline model of ecological effect in turnpike development was advanced. By the model, eco-condition effects can be powerfully balanced during the time spent turnpike development. Further, on the precondition of guaranteeing normal freeway development, natural effects were quantitatively decreased to the base degree. It gives scientists a groundbreaking idea and strategy about eco-ecological building effect of turnpike development.


Objective To study the effect of deep-sea fish oil on blood lipid of rat models with hyperlipidemia. Methods The rat models with hyperlipidemia were established by feeding high-fat diet.The rats of low-dose group,moderate-dose group,and high-dose group were intragastricly administrated with 0.33 g/kg,0.66 g/kg,and 2.00 g/kg deep-sea fish oil,respectively.Serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) were measured at the end of tests. Results TC values of moderate-dose and high-dose groups were significantly lower than that in hyperlipidemia model group;TG values of low-dose,moderate-dose,and high-dose groups were lower than that in hyperlipidemia model group;and HDL-C was not different among hyperlipidemia model group and the three dosages groups. Conclusion Deep-sea fish oil has the function of moderating blood lipid.


Comparisons between metals, sintered ceramic composites and cast ceramics illustrate their ability to handle high temperature, erosive process conditions. Ceramic-based valves provide excellent resistance to erosion and corrosion. The wear resistant advantages of ceramics over metals become more pronounced at higher temperatures. Refractory-lined parts last up to five years in catalyst service while metallic hardfaced parts last one to two years


Breeding of white-grain varieties of grain sorghum The sorghum breeding has obtained a food trend. Therefore, beside the problems of selection of highly productive and early-maturing varieties, the improvement of sorghum quality is of great importance in selection nowadays. The purpose of the work is to evaluate white-grain varieties of sorghum selected by the FSBSI "ARC "Donskoy" through their principle indexes of quality. The study has been carried out on the base of FSBSI "Agricultural Research Center "Donskoy" in 2015-2017. The white-grain varieties "Khazine 28", "Velikan" and "Zernogradskoe 88" approved to use have been used as the objects of research. The samples with dark-colored grain possess lower indexes of starch than the varieties with light-colored grain (r = -0.36 ± 0.08). It's better to use the grain sorghum varieties with light-colored grain for the production of food starch, and this puts the corresponding tasks before breeding process. The studied varieties have large (74.5%) and very large (75.5-75.6%) starch content in grain. The yield of starch in them is 63.6-65.9%. Sorghum grain can be used as alternative raw instead of maize grain to obtain starch and starch products. The tannin content in sorghum grain has got a positive correlation with grain color (r = 0.80 ± 0.05). The white-grain varieties of grain sorghum "Khazine 28", "Velikan" and "Zernogradskoe 88" possess a small content of tannin (0.2-0.8%) and an average content of protein (11.6-12.4%). There has been developed a new white-grain, early-maturing and highly productive variety of grain sorghum "Ataman" with 78.5% of starch in grain and 66.7% of starch yield.


In this paper, we analyze the capacity of a 60 GHz MIMO system in an indoor environment using ray tracing as simulation methodology. Here, the LOS MIMO (Line-Of-Sight MIMO) is proposed to be used because of limited scattering at 60 GHz due to directive antennas. Sometimes, the receiver will not get the LOS component because of possible human movement in the indoor environment. In this situation, the MIMO transmission via reflected paths using switched beam elements is investigated. In another case where switched beam antennas could be useful is when the receiver is moved from the broadside direction of the transmitter. Here the receiver will get the LOS component, but not through the main beam direction of the static unidirectional antennas. It is also a part in this paper to show as to how the switched beam antennas help the receiver to get the beam maximum and boost the capacity. The benefits are graphically shown with the help of computer simulations.


The information of a distributed single-phase loads was used to balance the currents in a three-phase system. The feeder phase and load profile of each single-phase load are used to reconfigure the network via an optimization process. A new developed 'phase tracer' equipment was used to determine the feeder phase of each load. By balancing the current of three phases, the current of Neutral Conductor in substation's transformer was reduced about 80%. This method also aimed to reduce the current in the other Neutral Conductors in network. The optimization process was performed by CYME software.


We use the accretion disk/corona+jet model to fit the multi-band spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of two unusual radio-intermediate/quiet quasars. It is found that the optical/UV emission of III Zw 2 is probably dominated by the emission from the accretion disk. The X-ray emission should be dominated by the radiation from the jet, while the contribution of the disk corona is negligible. The optical/UV component in the SED of PG 1407+265 can be well modeled as the emission from the accretion disk, while the IR component is attributed to the thermal radiation from the dust torus with an opening angle of ∼50°. If the X-ray continuum emission is dominated by the synchrotron emission of the jet, the source should be a "high peak frequency blazar," which obviously deviates from the normal blazar sequence. The observed SED can also be fitted quite well by the accretion disk/corona model with the viscosity parameter α = 0.5. The spectrum of the accretion disk/corona in PG 1407+265 satisfies the weak-line quasar criterion suggested in Laor & Davis.


Richard (Dick) Adam Deitrich died on September 5, 2018. He was a good friend to many and a particularly important person in the formation of the two major Societies in the field of alcohol research. He was one of the founding fathers of the Research Society on Alcoholism (RSA), he helped write the incorporation documents for the Society and was the second President of RSA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


In this talk, it is presented a general procedure about the construction of explicit high order symmetric multistep cosine methods which are optimal in some sense. Particularly, we show here the explicit construction of methods of order eight and ten, following the ideas given in [5]. Besides, we show through numerical experiments their high efficiency when integrating the Euler‐Bernoulli equation.


Results of an investigation of collisional de-excitation (quenching) of the metastable 6s6p P0 state in atomic ytterbium with respect to helium and neon buffer gases are reported. We find upper limits for the quenching cross sections to be σYb He − − < × 13 10 22 cm andσYb Ne − − < × 8 10 22 cm. The small collisional de-excitation cross sections may enable an ytterbium parity nonconservation experiment to be performed using a vapor cell. We have also measured the pressure broadening and shift of the 649 nm 6s6p P0 → 6s7s S1 transition and the 556 nm 6s S0 → 6s6p P1 transition by helium and neon and studied optogalvanic spectra of the 649 nm transition. Collisional Perturbation of States in Atomic Ytterbium 5 Acknowledgments I would like to sincerely thank my advisor, Professor Dima Budker, whose patient and enthusiastic help made this project both possible and great fun. I would also like to thank my colleague throughout much of this work, Don Clyde, who had tremendous skill in all the areas where I had none. I also received invaluable assistance from my fellow Budker group members: Chris Bowers, Damon Brown, Brian DeBoo, Tuan Nguyen, Simon Rochester, Misha Solarz, Jason Stalnaker and Valeriy Yashchuk. Dave DeMille and Max Zolotorev provided a lot of wisdom and guidance throughout the project, and kept us on our toes! Important contributions to early stages of the project were made by M. Lintz, made possible by the France-Berkeley fund. Thank you very much, all of you!!! Most of all I would like to thank my loving family for all their support over the years!!! I would also like to acknowledge the support of the Berkeley Physics Undergraduate Research Scholar Program and the University of California at Berkeley Undergraduate Research Apprentice Program. This work has been supported by UC Berkeley Committee on Research and the LBNL Nuclear Science Division under U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC0376SF00098. Collisional Perturbation of States in Atomic Ytterbium 6 I. CHAPTER ONE: Introduction A. Background It has long been the goal of physics to understand the fundamental constituents of matter and the nature of the interactions between them. Presently, physicists recognize four distinct interactions -gravitation, electromagnetism, the strong force and the weak force -and two general classes of particles which experience these interactions -fermions and bosons. It was reasoned that these forces and particles respected certain symmetries -that under particular transformations their properties were invariant. Consider for example the reflection of a physical system in a mirror (or more properly inversion of spatial coordinates through the origin). This transformation corresponds to application of the parity operator Π to the system. Applying the parity operator twice must return the system to its original state -thus Π has the eigenvalues ±1. Indeed, assuming ψ is an eigenstate of parity: ( ) ( ) Π Π Π ψ λ ψ λ ψ λ ψ λ ψ ψ = = = = 2 (1.1) ∴ = ± λ 1. Parity is conserved in all processes that respect mirror symmetry. This means that a parity conserving Hamiltonian H commutes with the parity operator Π, enabling one to find simultaneous eigenfunctions of both H and Π. For this reason, atomic states (determined by the electromagnetic interaction) can be assigned a definite parity -even (+1) or odd (-1). Collisional Perturbation of States in Atomic Ytterbium 7 Although the symmetry of physical systems with respect to mirror reflection appears intuitive, in 1956 Lee and Yang -motivated by the experimental observation of two nearly identical particles which differed only in the parity of their decay products -proposed that the weak interaction may not conserve parity [1]. Later that year, C.S. Wu and her colleagues carried out a definitive experimental test, discovering that indeed the weak interaction maximally violates parity conservation [2]. The cause of the parity non-conservation (PNC) observed by C.S. Wu et. al. was the weak charged-current interaction mediated by the W vector bosons. Soon after this discovery, Ya. B. Zel'dovich considered the effects of a hypothetical weak neutral current interaction on atomic systems, and pointed out that it would lead to optical rotation of the plane of polarization of light passing through a sample of atoms [3]. Zel'dovich concluded that the effect was too small to be measured with experimental techniques available at that time. However in 1974 -when the Standard Electroweak Model proposed by Glashow, Weinberg and Salam predicted a neutral vector boson, the Z0 [4], and neutrino scattering experiments indicated the existence of a neutral weak current [5] -M.-A. Bouchiat and C. Bouchiat reanalyzed the possibility of studying PNC in atoms [6]. They discovered that PNC effects are significantly enhanced in atoms with large atomic number Z, the enhancement scaling approximately as Z. Additionally, significant advances in laser technology greatly improved the ability to perform precise spectroscopic measurements in atoms. Considering these factors, the Bouchiats concluded that it was now feasible to search for PNC in heavy atoms. Based on this new analysis, a number of groups began extensive experimental efforts to look for parity violating effects in atoms. The first observations of atomic PNC Collisional Perturbation of States in Atomic Ytterbium 8 were made using optical rotation in bismuth vapor by Barkov and Zolotorev in Novosibirsk [7]. Observation of PNC in bismuth provided crucial evidence that helped establish the existence of a neutral weak current, and most importantly was one of the first indications of the parity-violating nature of the neutral weak interaction. Measurements of the parity violating electron-nucleon interaction by deep inelastic scattering of polarized electrons on deuterons and protons at SLAC [8], and finally the direct observation of the Z0 at CERN [9], ultimately confirmed this prediction of the Standard Model. Over the past 20 years, atomic PNC effects have been measured with increasing precision [10]. The measurements are important not only as tests of the Standard Model but also as sensitive probes of new physics. The latest Boulder Stark-PNC interference experiment in cesium [11] has measured PNC effects to 0.35%. When combined with atomic theory calculations to 1% precision [12], this measurement is sensitive to several possible extensions of the Standard Model [13]. Recently, the Boulder group performed measurements of several parameters that reduce the uncertainty in determination of the weak nuclear charge QW [14]. They find a 2.5σ discrepancy between the measured value of QW and the value predicted by the Standard Model. Clearly, this is cause for further investigation of atomic PNC effects. Additionally, the Boulder experiment reported the first observation of the nuclear anapole moment -a parity violating coupling to the electromagnetic field caused by weak interactions within the nucleus, manifesting itself as a small nuclear spin-dependent contribution to atomic PNC amplitudes. Precise measurement of the nuclear anapole moments of various atoms provides a new technique Collisional Perturbation of States in Atomic Ytterbium 9 for investigating the weak interaction in the hadron sector, which is notably more difficult to study than weak interactions involving leptons [15]. More precise measurements of atomic PNC appear possible, providing sensitive probes of physics beyond the Standard Model. An excellent candidate for the study of PNC in atoms is the 6s S0 → 6s5d D1 forbidden M1 transition in atomic ytterbium [16]. Efforts are underway in this laboratory to measure PNC effects in Yb using the Stark-PNC interference technique in an atomic beam [17, 18]. It also appears possible to perform an Yb PNC experiment in a vapor cell -allowing higher atomic densities and a long ( ~ 2 ms) time integration of the PNC signal by accumulating atoms excited to the 5d6s D1 state in the metastable 6s6p P0 state. The population of the metastable state can be efficiently probed by measuring absorption of laser light tuned to the 649 nm 6s6p P0 → 6s7s S1 transition (Figure 1.1). This study assesses the feasibility of conducting an ytterbium PNC experiment in a vapor cell. For such an experiment to be advantageous, it is necessary that the metastable 6s6p P0 state be long lived with respect to collisional quenching to allow time integration of the PNC amplitude. Additionally we require that the 649 nm 6s6p P0 → 6s7s S1 transition is not greatly pressure broadened so that the population of the metastable state can be efficiently probed. We measure these parameters for helium and neon buffer gases and assess the prospects for an ytterbium PNC cell experiment. Collisional Perturbation of States in Atomic Ytterbium 10 EVEN ODD 6s2 S0 6s5d D1 6s7s S1 6s6p P0 6s6p P1 6s6p P2 6s6p P1 6s7p P1 648.9 Probe Transition


The economic diversification concept gives hope for a country with rich natural resources to strengthen its economic basis. Thus industrial revolution era of 4.0 provides great opportunity to fasten the process. A study by McKensey in 2011 proved that the internet in the developing country contributes around 3.4% towards its GDP which means that the internet has become a new hope for the economy in the future. Indonesia is one of the countries that is attempting to maximize the role of the Internet of Things (IoT) for its economic growth.� The attempt has made the retail and tourism industries as the two main sectors to experience the significant effect of IoT. In the process of optimizing the IoT to support the economic growth, Indonesia faces several issues especially in the term of the internet network quality and its distribution, the inclusive access of financial access and the infrastructure


Started in 1963, the Christian Institute was banned in 1977 and so was its director, Beyers Naudé. Both remain banned. The series of restrictions imposed on Dr Naudé by the South African government since his passport was withdrawn at Jan Smuts airport, Johannesburg, on 25 September 1974, has been' chronicled in 'Index/Index'. A five-year banning order was served in October 1977. In October 1982 it was renewed for a further three years; on 9 December 1982 it was partly lifted and Dr Naudé is no longer prevented from meeting more than one person at a time, and restrictions on his movements have been relaxed. But he remains banned. (For names of others whose banning orders were renewed on 1 July 1983, see Index/Index, p. 47). The following article first appeared in South African Outlook, Cape Town, November 1982.


This paper presents a way to transform an initial specification of a problem into a PROLOG          program by introducing recursion and through a data retinement step. This transformation contributes to a programming methodology which  intends to derive programs from formal specifications.