In the era of globalization, history education begins to stress moving beyond a single national perspective to understand the past, and preparing students to think contextually and understand multiple causations. This study assumes that it is easier for students to acquire the ability to think contextually through learning internationally related historical events. Using the interpretive text-analysis method, this study uses the MuDan Incident as a case to examine how Juniorhigh school social studies (history) textbooks represent the incident and explains its causation, in order to understand how the textbooks provide opportunities for students to think contextually and understand multiple causations. We examine textbook narratives of Nani, Kang Hsuan, and Han Lin publishers and the teachers' manuals. The results show that "the status of the Ryukyu kingdom," "modern sovereign nation-state system (the Westphalian system) vs. Chinese world order system (Tianxia system)," "aboriginal Formosa as non-territory," "the reactions of the Western countries & the domestic factors in Japan," and "the perspectives of Taiwanese indigenous peoples" are important contexts to understand the MuDan Incident, however, current textbooks and teachers' manuals fail to represent the event in a contextualized way, which would not help students get into the historical contexts to understand the past. We argue that if history textbooks and teachers could offer more background knowledge and ideas about the world in the past, Taiwan's students could not only develop abilities to think multi-causally, but also ground their global perspectives naturally in historically contextualized thinking.


Laboratory studies of single cell survival after irradiation with extended Bragg peak helium ions suggest a relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 1.4 for oxygenated cells. A clinical radiobiological investigation has been initiated using patients with mycosis fungoides. One patient received standard total body electron beam irradiation according to the Memorial Hospital technique, which consists of six weekly doses of 400 rads. Small selected areas were shielded and received single, graduated doses of electron and helium ion extended Bragg peak therapy. Two additional comparable regions received six weekly doses of the two therapeutic beams. Changes in the severity of lesions according to a semi‐quantative severity score (SS) were observed following treatment. Values for maximum reduction in the SS observed for the two therapy beams after treatment were consonant with a RBE of 1.4. Recurrence patterns after therapy with the two beams also differed. Lesions treated with the heavy particles remained under control longer than those treated with doses of electrons yielding comparable initial effects. These data suggest that, in addition to processes involved in the increased RBE for helium ions, other factors may be operating to produce a more sustained benefit from extended helium ion Bragg peak irradiation.


The translational and rotational diffusion coefficients have been calculated for a simple, segmentally flexible model: the hinged dumbbell (HD). In the HD, two spherical subunits are attached to an universal joint by means of frictionless connectors. In addition to the case in which hydrodynamic interactions are neglected (NI), we have also considered two more cases, including hydrodynamic interaction by means of the Kirkwood‐Riseman approximate treatment (KR) and using accurate procedure based in the series expansions for the two‐sphere diffusion tensor (SE). Expressions for the friction coefficients of the HD are given for the three cases, and the diffusion coefficients are evaluted inverting the 9 × 9 resistance matrix, for two HDs with different dimensions. The KR treatment, which includes a contribution from the finite volume of the subunits, is shown to be an excellent approximation to the more rigorous procedure. In the NI case for rotation, the various coefficients present different deviations with respect to the SE results. A rough estimate of the errors of the NI relaxation times indicates that they may be smaller than 15% for a HD with identical beads. However, the influence of hydrodynamic interaction should be more important for the rotational diffusivity of a small sphere attached to a larger one. The error of the NI result for the translational diffusion coefficient is of about 25% for the two HDs.


This article puts forward the basic condition,the mathematical model,the influencing factor to ensure the descaling effect by analyzing the effect of hydraulic spray descaling,which provides certain reference for the system design,the improvement and the on-site maintenance of hydraulic spray discaling system.


A method is presented for optimization of free-form shells consisting of developable surfaces. The surface is modelled as 2×1 or 3×1 tensor product Bézier surfaces. The developability conditions are assigned numerically as constraints for the optimization problem for minimizing the maximum principal stress under various static loading conditions as the mechanical performance. The control points of the boundary Bézier curves are considered as design variables. A continuity condition of normal vector of surface is proposed for connecting developable surfaces. Optimal solutions are found using a nonlinear programming approach, and a finite difference approximation is used for sensitivity analysis. Effectiveness of the proposed approach is confirmed through various examples and characteristics of the optimal shapes are discussed.


The mouse ear inflammation model was used to establish simple endpoints of skin injury following cutaneous exposure to sulfur mustard (bis(2- chloroethyl)sulfide, HD). Mouse ear edema and histopathologic response to a single topical application of 5 muL of 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128 mg/mL HD in dichloromethane was evaluated at 12, 18, and 24 h postexposure. Edema response was determined from weighed 8 mm diameter skin punch biopsies taken from the center of exposed and control ears. Key light microscopic histopathologic changes assessed on the inner (exposed side) and outer surfaces (contralateral side) of the exposed ear included epidermal necrosis (EN) and epidermal-dermal separation (subepidermal blister, SEB). HD produced statistically significant (p <. 05) dose- and time-dependent changes in edema and histopathologic features. A comparative evaluation of the endpoint responses from the various challenge doses indicated that a dose of 0.16 mg/ear HD evaluated at 24 h postexposure would be optimal for futur...


Damage testing of components is a key point in many industry fields. In some cases, endoscope is used to inspect the damage part, while the images are often noised. In this paper, we focus on industrial image denoising based on multiwavelet Riesz bases. Starting from compactly supported vector refinement equation, we provide a characterization to form two Riesz bases and an example is given. Based on example Riesz bases, we research industrial endoscope image denoising and get satisfying result.


Objective To explore the relationship between anxiety and social support of liver transplantation recipients.Methods A total of 217 liver transplantation recipients were investigated by Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS).Results The recipients' scores of SAS and SSRS were(44.74±9.17),(43.29±10.19),respectively,both of which were higher than those in norm(P0.05);and there was negative correlation between the anxiety of the recipients and social support(r=-0.206,P0.05).Conclusion The anxiety are prevalent among liver transplantation recipients and well social support can effectively reduce the anxiety of the recipients.


Ultrasound is a commonly used medical imaging modality for non-invasive examination of soft tissue. Clinical ultrasound scanning requires significant contact of the transducer face with the patient, and the contact force exerted by the sonographer can vary widely throughout a scan or from scan to scan. This thesis explores the design and development of an electromechanical system to measure the contact force during ultrasound scanning. The device is a handheld ultrasound probe with force sensors integrated into its housing such that the force distribution across the ultrasound transducer face can be measured. The device was used to perform shear wave elastography on tissue-mimicking phantoms and ex vivo tissue at varying force distributions. A gradient in applied pressure introduced a gradient in elasticity across the image for ex vivo tissue but not for phantoms. To consider how the device integrates into the overall system, a human factors study was done to compare feedback modalities provided to the human operator during ultrasound scanning. Visual feedback was more effective than haptic feedback for force tracking, but at expense of ultrasound path tracking. Lastly, two methods of data synchronization of the acquired force data and ultrasound images are considered. A three tap software synchronization method is a feasible alternative when hardware synchronization is unavailable. As a whole, this system will improve the repeatability and capabilities of ultrasound imaging. Thesis Supervisor: Brian W. Anthony Title: Principal Research Scientist, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering


Abstract Monte Carlo calculations of a criticality experiment with burned fuel on the TRIGA Mark II research reactor are presented. The main objective was to incorporate burned fuel composition calculated with the WIMSD4 deterministic code into the MCNP4B Monte Carlo code and compare the calculated keff with the measurements. The criticality experiment was performed in 1998 at the "Jožef Stefan" Institute TRIGA Mark II reactor in Ljubljana, Slovenia, with the same fuel elements and loading pattern as in the TRIGA criticality benchmark experiment with fresh fuel performed in 1991. The only difference was that in 1998, the fuel elements had on average burnup of ~3%, corresponding to 1.3-MWd energy produced in the core in the period between 1991 and 1998. The fuel element burnup accumulated during 1991-1998 was calculated with the TRIGLAV in-house-developed fuel management two-dimensional multigroup diffusion code. The burned fuel isotopic composition was calculated with the WIMSD4 code and compared to the ORIGEN2 calculations. Extensive comparison of burned fuel material composition was performed for both codes for burnups up to 20% burned 235U, and the differences were evaluated in terms of reactivity. The WIMSD4 and ORIGEN2 results agreed well for all isotopes important in reactivity calculations, giving increased confidence in the WIMSD4 calculation of the burned fuel material composition. The keff calculated with the combined WIMSD4 and MCNP4B calculations showed good agreement with the experimental values. This shows that linking of WIMSD4 with MCNP4B for criticality calculations with burned fuel is feasible and gives reliable results.


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive inflammatory and systemic autoimmune disease resulting in severe joint destruction, lifelong suffering and considerable disability. Diverse prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) containing Epimedii Herba (EH) achieve greatly curative effects against RA. The present review aims to systemically summarize the therapeutic effect, pharmacological mechanism, bioavailability and safety assessment of EH to provide a novel insight for subsequent studies. The search terms included were "Epimedii Herba", "yinyanghuo", "arthritis, rheumatoid" and "Rheumatoid Arthritis", and relevant literatures were collected on the database such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, Web of Science and CNKI. In this review, 15 compounds from EH for the treatment of RA were summarized from the aspects of anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, cartilage and bone protective, antiangiogenic and antioxidant activities. Although EH has been frequently used to treat RA in clinical practice, studies on mechanisms of these activities are still scarce. Various compounds of EH have the multifunctional traits in the treatment of RA, so EH may be a great complementary medicine option and it is necessary to pay more attention to further research and development.


A sun visor assembly includes first and second core halves foldable along a common edge to form an outboard cavity. One of the first and second core halves includes a retaining assembly. A cover material is configured for covering the first and second core halves, and includes at least one slit formed therethrough. A support pin assembly includes at least one snap foot insertable through the slit for engagement with the retaining assembly to secure the support pin assembly within the outboard cavity and to secure the cover material to the first and second core halves. A method for forming a sun visor assembly is also provided.


As is well-known, the psychopathology situated between the levels of psychosis and neurosis has been the object of intense psychoanalytic study since the 70's. The Scandinavian authors best known in this field are Bjorn Killingmo and Veikko Tiihkii. Killingmo and Tiihkii, who wrote on borderline pathology in the 80's and 90's, have in many respects a converging view: from a well elaborated theoretical stance, they circumscribe the structural deficits in these patients, at the same time as defining the therapeutic instrument fruitful in these conditions in different phrases they show how these analysands do not benefit from classical interpretations, but from an affirmative, empathic description of the patient's experience. Both Killingmo and Tiihkii have a background in academic research and ego psychology, but they have also both built a new theory in which the structural point of view has been integrated with an object relations perspective. Both have supplied new findings in what works with borderline patients, and why. The background of Judy Gammelgaard shows some similarities, but also differences, in comparison with Killingmo and Tiihkii. Like her senior colleagues, Gammelgaard has many years of experience in academic teaching she has worked both as Senior Lecturer and Professor at the unit of Psychology at the University of Copenhagen. Her theoretical background as well as main interests are, though, different from those of Killingmo and Tiihkii. Two things are characteristic for the thinking and work of Judy Gammelgaard. First, she takes her departure from Freudian metapsychology. Her reading of this theory is in the vein of Continental thought, close to the psychoanalytic tradition in France. Second, Gammelgaard has in her writings been more bent to applied psychoanalysis than to the psychoanalytic clinic. Her doctoral thesis was a study on the concept of catharsis in Greek antique drama and psychoanalysis, and Copyright © 2005 ---THE--SCANDINAVIAN PSYCHOANALYTIC REVIEW ISSN 0106-2301


Space and terrestrial applications remote sensor systems are described. Each sensor is presented separately. Information is included on its objectives, description, technical characteristics, data products obtained, data archives location, period of operation, and measurement and potential derived parameters. Each sensor is cross indexed.


We posit from our ecological analysis of COVID-19 trends that the focus on returning international emigrants helped the Indian State of Kerala to successfully mitigate transmission from emigrants. However, the state's failure to prevent SARS-COV-2 seeding by returning domestic migrants from other states of India led to extensive community transmission.


Of course yoga mean union by 'unify' but the actual meaning and feel is to control of body, mind and senses, as well as the proper differentiation between purusa and prakirti, are all aspects of spiritual practise that aim to bring about the perfectionism is called Yoga -Maharishi Patanjali. Education is a process of human empowerment that aims to improve and better sequence the quality of life, and 'yoga' (one of our many traditions) is the source of it. We become cultured people thanks to this method. Nowadays, social media is where most adolescence (youth generation) spent their time, which means they are less interested in plays, physical activity and other undertaking. If some are involve in other activities like; gym, running, athletic, and so on, just for rivalry and contesting that makes the cause of disorder. Today's generation is suffering from many physical, mental and social issues, so yoga education is very essential tools that can help them to out come from these health perilous. Between the childhood and adulthood period is called Adolescence also known as stress and storm, which is the most important stage of human being. Adolescence cannot understand and adjust with their new-fangled era in life. They faced many changes like behavioural, physiological, psychological, and many more in their own life but regards this somatic-variation confused with the role. Especially, rural girls are so unspecified to these substitutions and this change are affected their life just because lack of knowledge. Gradually they suffered mental illness and become discouraged towards their life. The overall solution for this problem is to understand the role of yoga in life and for this we should learn and develop yoga from the depth of mind & soul.


Wireless sensor radios are particularly prone to a radio channel impairment due to a simple communication circuitry. Persistent impairment can cause serious problems to sensors that must continuously or repeatedly reside in locations with deterministic channel properties caused by the surrounding spatial structure. Capturing such channel properties with traditional statistical models alone is cumbersome and ineffective. A new modeling framework based on receiver-measured packet error rates expressed using two surface roughness parameters, namely the amplitude and spacing parameters, is proposed to represent the key properties of a channel error profile. A case study on a rotating machine environment is presented. Experimental results confirmed the adequacy of the proposed model and the resulting improved transmission performance.


State reactions to Black Lives Matter demonstrations include heavily militarized domestic police responses and the deployment of the National Guard. These events place emphasis on understanding the...


We present a multi-agent system which incorporates mobile agents that communicate using a simple song-grammar made up of a small vocabulary. Agents are attracted to move towards other agents who by singing demonstrate a similar grammar. Agents also adapt their grammars based on the singing of other nearby agents. The closer the nearby agents are, the greater the influence. These features consistent with a number of the proposed hypotheses for the singing behaviours of Humpback whales and other marine mammals. As a result of these features we show how over time the agents song grammars become more correlated, and agents which are closer geographically have more closely correlated grammars. Furthermore the agents group into clusters, or "schools", which exhibit highly correlated grammars, and hence similar songs, and will tend to continue moving in these "schools".


Preface 1. Pagan Religion and Philosophy at the Time of Christ 2. The Stoic Philosophy 3. The Conception of Another Life 4. What is Permanent in Positivism


Since central-Asia countries became independent over 20 years ago, Russia,America and central-Europe as a main external force active in central Asia have formed their own striking feature in policy about central Asia. The present essay gives a reply to the three questions: what traces Russia, America and central Europe have left; what gap Russia, America and central Asia shown toward central- Asia policy in cognition, interest and instrument; how about interrelation between Russia, America and central Europe in central Asia.


A novel low-power multi-rate sigma delta modulator is proposed, which is capable to support a wide range of wireless communication standards. The modulator is based on the 2–2 cascade single-bit architecture for good stability and linearity. The multi-rate technique is adopted to decrease the sampling frequency of the 1st stage integrators of the sigma delta modulator to reduce the power dissipation. A feedforward signal path is added to suppress the harmonic distortions and attain high linearity over a wide bandwidth. The effects of circuit nonidealities on the modulator performances are analyzed to extract the parameters of the basic blocks and verify the feasibility of the proposed architecture. A peak SNR of 85/ 81/ 65/ 63/ 54/ 48 dB is achieved for GSM/ Bluetooth/ GPS/ WCDMA/ WLAN / WiMAX mode. The simulation results demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed modulator and indicate that the modulator is very suitable for the multi-mode wireless communication applications.


Experiments on high-protein wheats in poultry diets have been carried out. Assays with broiler chicks indicated that lysine was the only limiting amino acid for growth on diets based on wheat containing crude protein (CP) greater than 16%. Threonine was fourid to be the second limiting amino acid for growth after lysine in diets based on wheat containing CP less than 16%. However, growth on the wheat-based diets did not equal that on the commercial, control diet.


A multi-layer back propagation artificial neuralnetwork (BPNN) was used to predict the friction coefficientand the specific wear rate of short fiber reinforcedpolyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites. The best networkstructure for property forecast is decided as 5-[29]1-2. Thetrain function is trainlm, and the transfer functions from inputto hidden layers and from hidden to output layers are logsigand purelin, respectively. For the network of ingredientforecast, the best network structure is 2-[300]1-[150]2-4. The train function is trainscg, and logsig, tansig are the transfer functions from input to hidden layers and within the hidden layers, respectively. Purelin is transfer function between hidden and output layers. The results show that ANN techniques can effectively be used to predict the tribology behavior and the components of composites.


The first aim of this is to disscuss the central limit theorem for additive functionals of conservative strong Feller processes on compact spaces. Secondly, as a refinement of the limit theorem, we shall consider a convergence theorem of measures on $C[0, T]$ formed by certain continuous additive functionals. Wiener is, we shall with invariance principle


IT HE institution of caste, as a steadily mounting body of social-science literature attests, retains a fundamental role in contributing to the character of Indian rural society.2 Despite the gradual weakening of the caste system in an urban setting, it continues to exert a major influence in shaping the lives of the nation's 375 million villagers, including a large number of Sikhs, Muslims, and Christians, to whom caste is theoretically anathema.3 Birth into a particular caste, be it high or low, is the cardinal element of one's karma-that is, reward or punishment for deeds performed in previous earthly existences. In the Indian view, which regards reincarnation as axiomatic, karma is both just and immutable. To play one's proper role in


Chemical reactions at semiconductor surfaces and interfaces can be indirectly studied by characterizing the surface species with vibrational spectroscopy. We review here the various optical techniques available to study surface and interfacial adsorbates including both linear techniques, such as infrared absorption and Raman scattering, and nonlinear techniques, such as sum–frequency generation. We also review the different optical geometries appropriate to each technique. These methods differ dramatically in both their overall sensitivity to surface adsorbates as well as their sensitivity to adsorbate geometries as obtained from calculations of the local surface electric field and oscillator response. Illustrative examples from recent studies of the interfacial chemistry of bonded wafers as well as structural studies of HF‐etched silicon surfaces are presented.


This paper provided a design of a three-station modular machine tool(drilling-extending-hinging),based on the analysis of the processing shifting fork hole in gearbox top cover problems,including too small diameter of the hole,too large of the hole depth,discontinuous processing,no plane surface for processing in the end of the hole so that the drill would be easy to be broken,hard to keep the precision,etc.The new design applied a set of fixture to clamp the workpiece rapidly at one time to avoid the re-position error.It adopted an integrated moving orientation model to solve the problem of inadequate stiffness of the slim arbor and the position and orientation for the drilling and hinging cutting tools with different precision.The machine tool could make the workpiece assembled rapidly while positioned reliably.It could make the drilling,extending,hinging,three stations rotate automatically so as to ease the labor intensity and improve productivity.It can provide a solid technology foundation for the intermittent intensive processing of the shifting fork hole.


Polycrystalline nano-sized ferrites with the general chemical formula Mg1-x Znx Fe2O4 (where x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) have been prepared from a simple polymer matrix based precursor solution. The solution was composed of metal nitrates with polymer PVA and Sucrose. Thermolysis of the precursor mass at about 773 K resulted in the oxide phase. Samples of ferrites were characterized by various experimental techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Xray diffraction studies, IR studies and VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer) analysis. The variation of resistivity with temperature shows the break at Curie temperature, indicating the transition from ferrimagnetism to paramagnetism however; the effects of porosity on electric and magnetic properties of the ferrite samples are also discussed. The use of magnetic materials with specific properties has stressed the need to invoke the role of microstructure on these properties. There are many ferrites that have replaced the conventional magnetic materials in the field of electronic technology 1-12 . Among them soft polycrystalline nano-ferrites find vide applications from low frequency to radio frequency. Over the last few decades, a number of processing methods have been developed to improve the performance of existing materials by reducing their grain size. In the present work, an attempt has been made to synthesize Mg-Zn ferrites by chemical method and characterized by various experimental techniques. The microstructure of ferrites plays a dominant role in determining high power ability as well as low power loss in microwave devices. In the recent years, much progress has been made in the control of ferrite material properties through chemical composition and preparation techniques. Ferrites are double oxides of iron and because of their high resistivity, high permeability and low cost they have vast applications from microwave to radio frequencies. In this paper, we present the synthesis of nano-ferrites by chemical method and the effect of porosity on electric and magnetic properties. Though the intrinsic properties like saturation magnetization and anisotropy depend on chemical composition, electronic structure of magnetic ions and crystal symmetry about the lattice, the properties like permeability and coercivity are strongly depend on grain size, porosity and microstructure, which in turn is governed by the method of preparation and sintering process. Thus, the intrinsic parameters decide the particular application of ferrites 13


this research intends to identify and analyze the new trends of usage the traditional farming methods to modern paddy cultivation. Information gathered through conducting interviews with total of 200 farmers in selected paddy cultivation areas in Kurunegalla district. As well as this research utilized by case study and observation in Ulpotha Traditional Village, Galgamuwa of Sri Lanka. Secondary data collected from books, articles, relevant websites and other relevant documents. Collected data analyzed by descriptive research methodology. Outcomes are there is growing interest in usage the traditional farming methods to the small consumption level paddy lands that have emerged during the last few decades As well asthe researchrevealed that traditional farming method has identified the ecofriendly farming practices to restrict long term side effects inherited from the modern methods. The study find out demand of traditional rice varieties has being growing among the community as health and nutrition purpose


The size of the insurance and wealth effects of a change in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for arable crops is estimated. The impact of price uncertainty is accounted for in the specific decision-making structure of the European Union (EU) arable crop producers under nonlinear mean-variance risk preferences. A system of output supply, input demand, and land allocation equations is estimated on a sample of Italian specialized arable crop farms. The simulation of the impact of the recent reforms confirms that farmers' output responses are consistently affected by the size of the insurance and wealth effects.


Sandwich holography is proposed for simultaneous temperature mapping and heat transfer coefficient measurement. The latter task requires the knowledge of the temperature gradient. The remarkable feature of the proposed method is that the temperature gradient is obtained avoiding numerical differentiation, which adds errors to the measured data, as well as phase extraction and phase unwrapping procedures. Theory and experimental results are given.


This article aims to describe the results of research in the form of 1) developing learning models on the anti-corruption subject through the use of VCT digital module; 2) developing lesson plan on anti-corruption subject through the use of VCT digital module; 3) developing assessment of learning outcomes in anti-corruption subject using VCT digital modules. This study uses a development research method using stages adapted from the Borg & Gall model, namely: 1) a preliminary study; 2) research planning; 3) initial product development; 4) field trial I; 5) revision of the results of trial I; 6) field trial II; 7) revision of trial results II; 8) due diligence; 9) revision of the results of the due diligence and 10) dissemination of the final product. The study was implemented at the PPKn department of the Faculty of Social Sciences UNIMED. The outputs generated from this study are 1) learning models on the anti-corruption subject through the use of VCT digital module; 2) lesson plan on the anti-corruption subject through the use of VCT digital module; 3) assessment of learning outcomes in the anticorruption subject using the VCT digital module.


An equation previously derived is experimentally verified and its practical application is considered. The results are compared with the methods previously proposed in the literature. The application of this theory to the experimental results reported in the literature is also shown and the ranges of validity of dispersed plug flow and mixflow are determined to compute the retention time using the velocity equations for the laminar regime.


In recent years, eco-driving strategies based on connected vehicle (CV) technologies have been studied to assist human drivers to reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. In this paper, a real-time eco-driving strategy for CVs that considers human driver error is proposed to improve both traffic and fuel efficiency at signalized intersections where CVs and human-driven vehicles (HDVs) coexist. Firstly, a human driver error estimation model is established using real-world driving data. Then, based on the signal phase and timing information, vehicle state information, and the estimated human driver errors, a constrained nonlinear optimal control problem (OCP) is proposed to calculate the optimal advisory speed of each CV. The trajectory of HDV is estimated by utilizing the Gipps' car-following model. Fast stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) is employed to solve the proposed OCP effectively. At last, simulation studies and real-vehicle experiments are conducted in various scenarios to verify the performance of the proposed strategy. Simulation and experiment results indicate that compared with the baseline strategies, the proposed eco-driving strategy can significantly reduce travel time and fuel consumption while ensuring the real-time performance.


The chapter consists of an encyclopedia that lists, describes, and assesses metaphors that often are used to describe sound quality. Each entry explains the embodied cognitive patterns that connect sound descriptors with the listening experience. Each entry also discusses related terms, and each term is examined in relation to its metaphorical use and the discourses underlying sound and music communities. The encyclopedia includes 15 pairs of opposing terms: balance/unbalance, big/small, clean/dirty, clear/blurred, dark/bright, fat/thin, full/hollow, heavy/light, open/closed, organic/synthetic, rough/smooth, soft/hard, tight/loose, warm/cold, and wet/dry. The terms are distilled from a 50-million-word collection of texts concerning sound culled by the author from music reviews, hi-fi magazines, and the sound engineering literature.


The invention provides a mass spectrum feeding device and mass spectrum detection equipment with the mass spectrum feeding device. The device comprises a spraying device, a sealed cavity, a carrier gas pipeline, a transmission pipeline and an inductive coupling plasma source, wherein the spraying device comprises a feeding pipe, an auxiliary gas pathway and a nozzle, and the nozzle is formed in the sealed cavity; a carrier gas input opening connected with the carrier gas pipeline, an organic mass spectrum sampling interface and an inorganic mass spectrum sampling interface are formed in the sealed cavity; a to-be-detected liquid sample is atomized and ionized under the action of an electric field and an auxiliary airflow, the generated ions are analyzed and detected in a mass spectrometer through the organic mass spectrum sampling interface, and carrier gas input from the carrier gas input opening is used for sending out the sample remained in the sealed cavity through the inorganic mass spectrum sampling interface; and the sample is brought to the inductive coupling plasma source through the transmission pipeline, is atomized and ionized, and is subjected to element composition analysis through a mass spectrometer or a spectrometer. The feeding device can be used for detecting inorganic mass spectrum and organic mass spectrum in parallel.


A small-scale test rig is developed to study the flow phenomena during off-design operations of a Francis turbine. The test rig can be operated in open and closed loops for a maximum head and discharge of 8 meters and 0.055 m3/s. The runner outlet diameter is 200 mm and rotates at 500 rpm. However, the test rig is not a model turbine test rig as per IEC 600193. Therefore, the repeatability of parameters is the key to establishing reliability in measurement and performance estimation. This paper presents the repeatability results of the turbine unit performed at a constant head. A control system is developed in the LABVIEW program with PID (Proportional, Integral, and Derivative) to run the turbine at the constant head with variable discharge and constant discharge at the variable head.


Most of the legislation did not recognize work injury, but left it to fiqh and jurisprudence, and when extrapolating the trends of Fiqh and jurisprudence, it is clear that the intention of the work injury is that it (bodily harm arising from a sudden and violent external incident), that it is clear from the previous definition that the work injury consists of a group about us Grate and conditions until the injury is a work injury.     The injury is a physical occurrence in the event of a surprise, which results in adverse effects. The accident is a sudden occurrence, and as such, after a symptom or an emergency that results in a negative effect, and which entails the violation of the value of the human being to preserve it, namely, Occupational Safety (1), knowing that there is a difference about what the elements and conditions sometimes we notice that some Egyptian literature determines the elements as the conditions , but our references confirm that the elements are independent of the terms.


Quality improvement programs address all aspects of care and care delivery. Here are a few programs that impact urology, all of which were presented at the AUA annual meeting in Boston.


Granulite facies metamorphism of the lower crust has decreased in scale since the Late Archean, but many of its definitive features have persisted: (1) Punctuated, sometimes relatively short-lived, episodes of high-grade metamorphism. These are recorded, in favorably simple cases, by discrete growth rims on zircons. (2) A consistent age gap of a few to several tens of millions of years between juvenile magmatism (crustal accretion) and high-temperature metamorphism. The secondary thermal pulse is an event distinct from primary crustal accretion. (3) Involvement of mineralizing pore fluids of lowered H2O activity, that is, with high CO2 and saline concentrations. Very high oxidation states of some granulites implicate sulfur as an important fluid component. (4) Transcurrent faulting as a conspicuous feature of synmetamorphic deformation. This gives rise to characteristic transposed foliation and lineation. (5) Emplacement of coeval postorogenic K-rich granites at midcrust levels. These features can be rationalized by concepts of modern plate tectonics. High-angle plate collision is succeeded by orogen-parallel transport. This change of plate motion necessarily detaches the underthrust portion of the lithosphere, liberating asthenospheric melts and/or fluids in a postorogenic resurgence. A generation of volatile-rich mafic magmas invades the continental margin; high CO2 and halogen contents cause outgassing and freezing of the magmas at depth. Liberated volatiles effect granulite facies metamorphism by leaching H2O and lithophile elements, importantly K, and transporting these components and heat upward. Extensive melting of the lower crust is inhibited by the low H2O activity of saline-carbonic pore fluids at high pressure. Melting of orthogneiss and supracrustal rocks occurs at midcrust levels by increase of H2O activity as pressure on alkali chloride solutions falls below 0.6–0.5 GPa. The foregoing hypothesis is an alternative to the classical view that granite results from fluid-absent partial melting of, and extraction from, the lower crust, leaving granulites.


G cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the digestive tract in China. Development of resistance to chemotherapy also occurs frequently in tumor cells. Akt, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), is a 60kD serine/threonine kinase and functions downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K), controlling diverse cellular functions, including cell apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and glucose metabolism.1 In the present study, we studied the activities of Akt/PKB in gastric cell lines with different differentiation degrees (MKN-28, well-differentiated; SGC-7901, moderately-differentiated; BGC-823, poorly-differentiated; HGC-27, undifferentiated), and explored the effects of Akt/PKB inhibition on cell survival rates and apoptosis rates with treatment of etoposide. Cell culture. The current study was conducted between September 2005 and June 2006. The MKN-28 (well-differentiated), SGC-7901 (well-differentiated), BGC-823 (poorly-differentiated), and HGC-27 (undifferentiated) cells were cultured in RPMI1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100U/ml streptomycin, 100U/ml penicillin in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37 oC. The cells were digested with 0.25% trypsin and 0.02% EDTA every 2-3 days, and passed at ratio of 1:3-1:5. Cell survival rate assay. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay was used to determine the cell survival rate. Gastric cancer cells in the logarithmic phase were seeded in 96-well plates, and treated with 20μmol/L etoposide in the presence or absence of a 2 hour pretreatment of 40nmol/L wortmannin for 0 hours, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours. Cell survival rates were assayed at the above time points. When exposed to 20μmol/L etoposide within 24 hours, the 4 gastric cancer cell lines exhibited time-dependent inhibition of cell survival rates. Pretreatment with wortmannin potentiated the inhibitory effect of etoposide on cell survival rates in a time-dependent manner. Except for MKN-28, there was a significant decrease in cell survival rates in other cell lines with pretreatment of wortmannin compared to without (p<0.01). Measurement of cell apoptosis rate. Cell apoptosis rate was determined with flow cytometry using double staining of annexin V and propidium iodide (PI). Gastric cancer cells were treated with 20μmol/L etoposide in the presence or absence of 2 hour pretreatment of 40nmol/L wortmannin for 0 hours, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours, followed by washing 2 times with 0.01mmol/L phosphate buffer solution. The cells were suspended with binding buffer and adjusted to a density of 1x106/ml. Cell suspension (1 ml) was centrifuged at 200g for 5 minutes. The supernatant was then discarded. Cell pellets were resuspended in 80μl binding buffer, and incubated with 10μl annexin-V-fluorescein and 10μl PI solutions at room temperature in the dark for 10 minutes. After centrifugation and resuspension in binding buffer, the samples were analyzed by flow cytometry with excitation wavelength of 488nm. When treated with 20μmol/L etoposide within 24 hours, the 4 gastric cancer cell lines showed time-dependent elevation of cell apoptosis rates. Pretreatment with wortmannin enhanced the effect of etoposide on cell apoptosis rates in a time-dependent manner. The cell apoptosis rates were significantly increased in SGC-7901, BGC823m and HGC-27 with pretreatment of wortmannin compared to without (p<0.01). Determination of Akt/PKB activity. The Akt/PKB activity was determined using a non-radioactive protein kinase assay kit. Basal PKB activity was measured as follows. Gastric cancer cells in the logarithmic phase were digested, and total protein was extracted from the cell lysates. The total protein was then incubated with immobilized antibody specific for phosphoAkt/PKB to immunoprecipitate Akt/PKB. The latter was used to phosphorylate a specific substrate, GSK-3 fusion protein (GSK-3α/β). Phospho-GSK-3α/β was analyzed by western blot with its monoclonal antibody. Enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) was used to detect phosphoGSK-3α/β, which indirectly reflects the activity of Akt/PKB. The Akt/PKB activities in gastric cancer cells treated with etoposide for 0 hours, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours were also measured with the above method. Non-radioactive protein kinase assay revealed that the basal activities of Akt/PKB in these cancer cell lines are in the contrary order of differentiation degrees, MKN-28 < SGC-7901 < BGC-823 < HGC-27. Treatment with 20μmol/L etoposide led to time-dependent induction in Akt/PKB activities within 24 hours in the 4 cancer cell lines. The Akt/PKB activity was undetectable in cell lines pretreated with wortmannin. Discussion. Gastric cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the digestive tract in China, Brief Communication


Leadership educators are constantly looking for new and inventive ways to teach leadership theory. Because leadership educators realize principles of androgyny and experiential education work well with leadership theories, instructors find movies are a great way to infuse leadership theory with novel teaching methodology. "Movies, like Shakespeare, are becoming a staple of college curricula" (Hoffman, 2000, p.1). The Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003) is a movie illustrating five power bases defined by Raven and French (1958). The rogue characters in this film use expert power, referent power, legitimate power, reward power, and coercive power to get the treasure, get the girl, get the curse lifted, and/or get freedom. Utilizing a three-hour block of time, an instructor can complete a mini lecture on power, watch the movie, and discuss the power bases shown. Results show students develop a deeper understanding of power after the class.


The dynamics of solid oxide fuel cell operation (SOFC) have been considered previously, but mainly through the use of one-dimensional codes applied to co-flow fuel cell systems. In this paper a cross-flow geometry is considered. The details of the model are provided, and the model is compared with some initial experimental data. For parameters typical of SOFC operation, a variety of transient cases are investigated, including representative load increase and decrease and system shutdown. Of particular note are results showing cases having reverse current over significant portions of the cell, starting from the moment of load perturbation up to the point where equilibrated conditions again provide positive current. Consideration is given as to when such reverse current conditions might most significantly impact the reliability of the cell.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


Design and construction of the undulators for the linac coherent light source (LCLS) at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) is the responsibility of Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). A full-scale prototype undulator was constructed in-house and extensively tested at Argonne's advanced photon source (APS). The device was tunable to well within the LCLS requirements and was stable for five years. Experience constructing the prototype undulator led us to conclude that with appropriate engineering design and detailed assembly procedures, precision undulators can be constructed by highly-qualified industrial vendors without undulator-construction experience. Argonne's detailed technological knowledge and experience were transferred to the successful bidders who produced outstanding undulators. Our production concept for the 3.4-m-long, fixed-gap, planar-hybrid undulators with a 30-mm period is discussed. Manufacturing, quality assurance, and acceptance testing details are also presented.


The results of a survey of communication internships indicate that the internship is developing into an important instructional strategy. Benefits to the student, university, and sponsoring organization are described, and the reactions of forty two interns at three universities are summarized.


Abstract. The detection of the optic disk (OD) and fovea is crucial to the automatic diagnosis based on fundus images. This task is very challenging, especially when varieties of lesions exist. Traditional handcrafted feature-based methods are inaccurate, and deep learning based methods fail easily in abnormal cases. We propose a framework that simultaneously detects the OD and fovea based on deep convolutional neural networks. The original image is first preprocessed and then followed by pseudo label generation. These labels are then fed into a fully convolutional neural network with residual modules for localization of the OD and fovea. Polar transformation is then introduced to the segmentation of the OD. The proposed algorithm achieves a relatively high success rate for OD localization and a 100% success rate for fovea localization on several public datasets. For the segmentation of the OD, the proposed algorithm achieves a low overlapping error on several public datasets. Compared with previous work, the proposed method achieves promising accuracy and robustness, and it is useful for practical applications since it detects the OD and fovea simultaneously and completely.


In Indonesia, there have been many disputes over famous trademarks which ended by the cancellation and deletion of registered. This research aimed to describe and find out about, first, the legal protection of the right of famous trademarks rights based on law trademarks and second, implementation the legal protection of the right of famous trademarks rights (MA decision study of IKEA and SEPHORA brand). This research used the normative juridical method with a statutory and a case approaches. The result of this research first is the legal protection of the right of famous trademarks rights based on based on law trademark uses a constitutive system. One of the rules governing the Protection of Famous Marks is regulated in Article 21 (1). Furthemore, the implementation of the legal protection on the right of famous trademark in the case of the IKEA trademarks constrained by the difference interpretation of Article by the Panel of Judges and resulted ended by famous trademarks are fail to be protected. Meanwhile in the case of the SEPHORA trademarks implementation of the legal protection of the right of famous have protected the trademarks.


PURPOSE: An apparatus for controlling anode pressure of a fuel cell is provided to prevent temporal lack of fuel at controlling fluctuation of anode pressure, thereby improving operation safety and durability of the fuel cell. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus for controlling anode pressure of a fuel cell branches a fuel supply line(21) for supplying hydrogen as fuel to an anode of a fuel cell stack(10), connects the fuel supply lines in parallel, and has a first pressure control valve(22a) and a second pressure control valve which controls supply pressure of the hydrogen, according to the control signal of the controller(30), to each fuel supply line. The first pressure control valve maintains the hydrogen-supply pressure to a standard pressure of fuel electrode, according to operation power of a fuel cell. The second pressure control valve controls hydrogen supply pressure to be repeatedly changed up and down. [Reference numerals] (10) Fuel cell stack; (30) Controller


The present research shows a powerful method for the design of multi-layered radar absorbing materials useful in low observable and stealth manned or unmanned aircraft systems. The imitation of a desired behavior of the reflection coefficient allows to modeling the optimal arrangement of each layer in terms of material and thickness. A significant enhancement of the electromagnetic absorption is obtained through the use of different kind of carbon nanomaterials uniformly dispersed within an epoxy matrix. Several carbon-based nanocomposite materials are dielectrically characterized in the frequency range 2-18 GHz, and an evolutionary algorithm is used to run the mathematical model in order to find out the optimal solution in terms of the multi-layer composition. Interesting applications of the proposed design method are suggested other types of military targets in the marine and terrestrial scenario where the reduction of the radar observability is mandatory.


The determinant of a group's multiplication table determines the group. Let G be a finite group with base set { 1, 2, ... , n } and identity 1. Let xl, x2, ... , xn be (commuting) formal variables. Consider the determinant of the matrix whose i, j entry is Xk where k = ij. Call this determinant DG(X1, X2, ..., xn). DG is a polynomial with integer coefficients. This somewhat arcane construction was presented by Frobenius [3]. The purpose of this note is to show that given DG, we can actually calculate G. Formanek and Sibley [2] prove a similar theorem, but their proof does not provide a practical method of calculating G. (The best they can do is to enumerate all n-element groups, until one is found with the right determinant.) The present proof is also much shorter and much more elementary than theirs. In the course of proving this theorem, we will prove a lemma similar to a proposition in Bourbaki [1, p. 139]. We will show that if G is a group and we are given the function that associates to each pair x, y from G the unordered pair {xy, yx}, then we can calculate the group operation. Bourbaki's result says that G is determined by this function, but it does not give a method of calculation. The present proof is also shorter than Bourbaki's. Lemma 1. If the monomial Xa(1)Xa(2) xa(n) occurs in DG then the a(i) can be ordered so that their product is 1 . Proof. Since the monomials in a determinant represent selectors of one element from each row and column, we might as well assume that the a (i) have been numbered so that a(i) = ip(i)-1 for some permutation p. Now consider the representation of p as a product of disjoint cycles. Lemma 2. If ab = 1 then the monomial xn-2XaXb occurs in DG. Proof. Let a = ijThen b = ji1 and the permutation p = (i, j) gives the desired monomial. Furthermore, any permutation giving this monomial must be the identity except for exactly two points and, therefore, must be a transposition with sign -1 . Thus none of these monomials cancel each other Received by the editors April 18, 1991. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 15A15; Secondary 16S99, 20B05, 20B40, 20C 1 5. (D 1992 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/92 $1.00 + $.25 per page


PURPOSE: To obtain the title dispersion suitable as a raw material of an excellent adhesive to rubber and a metal by performing emulsion polymn. by a specific method by controlling the wt. ratio of a formed polymer to a free monomer in a reaction mixture. CONSTITUTION: An aq. dispersion of a chloroprene polymer containing 90-99.6% of chloroprene capable of being substituted by up to 10 wt.% of other copolymerizable monomer or up to 2% of S (A) and 0.4-10 wt.% of α,β- ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid represented by formula (wherein R is H, 1-4C alkyl or CH 2 COOH) is produced by emulsion polymn. by a seed inflow method without providing protective colloid. At this time, the monomer (A+B) (inflow) 70-98 wt.% is polymerized in the presence of the monomer A and 2-30 wt.% of the polymer produced from the component (B) (seed) any time and, at this time, in any stage of a polymn. method, a wt. ratio of the formed polymer to the free monomer in the reaction mixture is regulated so as to become 750<50. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO


In order to study the effect of oxidation conditions on the metal release of Type 304SS in high temperature pure water, the specimens oxidized in various environments such as air, steam or water were immersed in deionized and deaerated water of 180C, and metal release level was measured by weight loss. The behavior of metal release was also discussed in relation to the surface film which was formed by oxidation treatment. As the results, the oxidation treatments in air at 425C and in steam at 350C were found to be specially effective to decrease the metal dissolution compared with those of mechanical polishing and the oxidation in water. The results corresponded well with the structure of surface films.


This research aims to determine the time limit needed and the environmental conditions that provide the highest success rate in identifying dried blood samples on the fabric of stretch denim, ramie denim, black coated denim, and dry denim jeans using the elution absorption method. Also, to evaluate the effect of the fabric fabric, environmental condition, time, and interactions regarding the success rate of blood group identification. The study was conducted using 3 replications for each type of jeans fabric, which was carried out by exposing blood to a jeans fabric, leaving it in an indoor and outdoor environment for up to 336 hours (14 days), then continued by making a red blood cell suspension for comparison, and examining blood groups using the absorption-elution method. From the results obtained, it is known that the blood exposed in the jeans fabric that being placed indoor for up to 336 hours (14 days) can still be identified and has a success percentage rate of up to 100%. Meanwhile, the blood exposed on the jeans fabric that was placed outdoor could no longer be identified after 264 hours (11 days). Based on the result of this study, it can be concluded that the exposure time of 366 hours (14 days) for the indoor environment can still be identified properly, while the exposure time of 264 hours (11 days) for dry blood samples in the outdoor environment can no longer be identified. The indoor environment gives a better percentage of success than the outdoor environment in identifying blood types from dry blood samples. The best types of substrates that can store blood at an exposure time of up to 336 hours (14 days) are dry denim, black coated denim, and stretch denim.


The importance of immigrants to the demographic and economic survival ofmedieval cities calls for an exploration of how they established themselves in their adopted homes. This study uses network analysis to investigate the social and economic relationships of immigrants who joined the citizenry of Saint-Omer between 1413/14 and 1455/56. Reconstructing the social and economic networks of these new citizens, this study demonstrates that many immigrants did not venture to their new home alone. They either brought with them, or found already established, networks of family and acquaintances that enhanced the likelihood of a successful relocation. These networks could be complex. Immigrants who succeeded in joining Saint-Omer's bourgeoisie tended to be better supplied with resources, social and economic, than other "outsiders" joining the citizenry. Networks of women immigrants differed somewhat from those of their male counterparts, but social networks were part of women's successful establishment in their adopted city also.


This article proposes a response to legal scholarship's recent concerns with the complexity of law's relations with culture, looked at from a sociolegal point of view. It argues that legal studies today must have a comparative dimension, and that they should contribute to an understanding of law in relation to culture, or as a cultural phenomenon. But there are problems with culture as a legal concept (or a social scientific one). Also, many long-established sociolegal ideas about 'law and society' are becoming obsolete. A way forward is to relate law to four pure types of community that interact in complex ways in social life and, together, embrace the various dimensions of culture. The article claims that a law-and-community approach to legal study clarifies law's relation to culture, and provides a framework for comparative studies of law.


In 2012, the United States Preventive Services Task Force recommended against prostate-specific antigen (PSA) –based screening for prostate cancer (grade D recommendation) primarily on the basis of the results of two large randomized clinical trials: the US Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial and the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC). In the article accompanying this editorial, Shoag et al present their analysis of questionnaire data sent to a subset of participants in the prostate component of the PLCO study. They again illustrate the high contamination rate in the control arm of the study and call into question the internal validity of PLCO and, ultimately, whether the negative study finding can be used to inform the discussion around the effectiveness of PSA-based screening. The United States Preventive Services Task Force is currently in the process of updating their recommendation concerning PSA-based screening. Given the data presented by Shoag et al, the panel will have to seriously reconsider the validity of the PLCO trial in their deliberations. However, even if they were to completely discount PLCO, it is not entirely clear that the magnitude of benefit currently seen in the ERSPC trial will be enough to support a change in the recommendation. The latest report from ERSPC indicates that, with 13-year follow-up, 27 cases of prostate cancer need to be detected (NND) to prevent one prostate cancer–related death (NND). Although modeling studies extrapolating follow-up in ERSPC out to 25 years or more indicate that NND ultimately may be less than 10, these simulation studies are dependent on myriad assumptions, which may or may not prove to be true. To this end, the task force may choose to only consider the actual randomized clinical trial evidence collected from ERSPC to date, which currently indicates a small to moderate benefit at best. The documented (albeit small) benefit of PSA screening identified in ERSPC must then be weighed against the potential harms of screening. For example, an elevated PSA test often leads to a prostate biopsy. In a recent study of 1,147 men undergoing prostate biopsy in the Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment study, 31.8% reported grade 2 adverse events (defined as symptoms causing moderate/major problems or requiring contact with the health care system) and 1.4% required hospital admission within 30 days. Although no deaths were noted in the cohort, these adverse events undoubtedly resulted in discomfort and anxiety, with at least a temporary negative impact on overall health. Furthermore, in patients in whom prostate cancer is diagnosed and treated, both surgery and radiation are associated with a considerable risk of sexual, urinary, or bowel problems. This may be acceptable in patients with higher-risk disease, who are likely to experience a survival benefit from aggressive treatment. Given the widely recognized risk of overdiagnosis associated with population-based annual PSA screening, patients diagnosed with low-risk clinically indolent disease who elect aggressive therapy are unlikely to garner any survival advantage and are, therefore, at considerable risk of overtreatment. Recent data demonstrating increased use of active surveillance in American men diagnosed with low-risk disease is reassuring, however, as we attempt to optimize the balance of predicted benefit associated with prostate cancer treatment and the predicted morbidity of therapy. Increasing penetration of active surveillance will likely mitigate some of the risk of overtreatment, but, given ongoing challenges associated with accurately classifying indolent and clinically relevant disease, it certainly does not eliminate it. If one weighs the benefits of population-based screening seen in ERSPC (completely dismissing PLCO) against the potential harms noted in these and other studies, it is not completely unreasonable to conclude that the benefits of population-wide annual PSA screening do not outweigh the harms. Does this mean that we should abandon PSA-based screening altogether? Given the benefit seen in ERSPC, the answer is clearly no. Rather, we should focus on identifying better screening strategies that optimize the risk-benefit ratio by personalizing the approach to the target population's underlying risk of disease. Consider that the ERSPC consisted of eight unique sites that used eight similar but distinct protocols for prostate cancer screening that varied by age of initiation, screening interval, and threshold for diagnostic biopsy. Of these eight sites, only two (Sweden and the Netherlands) noted a statistically significant difference in prostate cancer–specific survival, although the magnitude of observed differences and the size of these cohorts were sufficient to drive the results of the parent study. The observed heterogeneity in outcomes between ERSPC sites is likely the result of variation in the intensity and delivery of the intervention (PSA screening) superimposed on differences in underlying risk of disease between


Objective To explore protein expressions of epithelial growth factor receptor( EGFR),p53,and fascin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue and their clinical significance. Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect protein expressions of EGFR,p53,and fascin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue and adjacent normal tissue among88 nasopharyngeal carcinoma inpatients randomly selected at a municipal hospital of Zhengzhou city from January 2009 through October 2011. Associations of EGFR,p53,and fascin expressions with prognosis and clinical-pathologic features of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were analyzed. Results The positive rates of EGFR and fascin expressions in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue( 82. 95% and 92. 05%) were significantly higher than those in the adjacent carcinoma normal tissue( 0. 23% and 9. 09%)( both P 0. 001); while the positive rate of p53 expression( 12. 50%) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue was significantly lower than that in the adjacent carcinoma normal tissue( 88. 64%,P 0. 001). Conclusion EGFR and fascin protein expression rate is high while p53 expression rate is lowin nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and the expressions relate with clinical-pathological features and prognosis of the carcinoma.


Interaction is the main characteristic of service during service delivering. There are three kinds of interaction, which is interaction between customer and service personnel, customer and service surrounding, and customer and other customers. However, few researches have paid more attention to the customer experience during service interaction despite that experience quality has an important effect on customer satisfaction. Different from service quality, the experience quality of customer means how customers emotionally assess the quality of experience when they participate in a consumption activity and interact with physical surroundings, service providers, and other customers. From a perspective of customer experience, several proposals are put forward in this paper.


This paper examines the role of policies in different grid environments. A Grid technology becomes standardized and stable, various business models are envented and increasingly applied, and economic implications can be observed.Asymmetrically distributed information may allow for opportunistic behaviour of service providers or users who exploit the information gap between providers and consumers on the quality of services.


Wireless Sensor Networks used in aquatic environments for continuous monitoring are typically subject to physical or environmental factors that create anomalies in collected data. A possible approach to identify and correct these anomalies, hence to improve the quality of data, is to use artificial neural networks, as done by the previously proposed ANNODE (Artificial Neural Network-based Outlier Detection) framework [1]. In this paper we propose ANNODE+, which extends the ANNODE framework by detecting missing data in addition to outliers. We also describe the design and implementation of ANNODE+, implemented in Python to exploit readily available machine learning (ML) tools and libraries, also allowing online processing of incoming measurements. To evaluate the ANNODE+ capabilities, we used a dataset from a sensor deployment in Seixal's bay, Portugal. This dataset includes measurements of water level, temperature and salinity. We observed that our implementation of ANNODE+ performed as intended, being able to detect injected anomalies and successfully correcting them.


Gelation of proteins of washed mince of threadfin bream was induced by the organic acids : acetic, lactic, tartaric, and citric. Washing of mince was essential for gelation. The strength of acetic acid-induced gel was affected by setting conditions and heat treatment. Gelation was associated with degradation of myosin heavy chain and appearance of a new protein band of about 160 kDa. Solubility studies of the gel in various solvents suggested structural changes. Gelation was also associated with oxidation of sulfhydryl groups. Salts negatively influenced gelation.


It has been predicted that multichannel Kondo lattices undergo a symmetry breaking at low temperatures. We use the dynamical large-$N$ technique to ascertain this prediction in a microscopic model on a honeycomb lattice and find out that it is not generally true. Rather, we find a 2+1D conformally invariant fixed point, governed by critical exponents that are found numerically. When we break time-reversal symmetry by adding a Haldane mass to the conduction elections, three phases, separated by continuous transitions, are discernible; one characterized by dynamic mass generation and spontaneous breaking of the channel symmetry, one where topological defects restore channel symmetry but preserve the gap, and one with a Kondo-coupled chiral spin-liquid. We argue that the latter phase, is a fractional Chern insulator with anyonic excitations.


Since the positive conclusion of the Iran nuclear deal, Iran is enhancing economic, military, energy and security ties with many countries, particularly with its Caucasus and Central Asian neighbours. Relations with Russia and China — which never stopped — are experiencing a new boom. Access to international financial markets — allowed by the progressive lifting of sanctions — coupled with the expected revenues from oil exports will modernise the Iranian industrial structure and make resources available for new infrastructure projects. This article approaches Iran's geopolitics from a peculiar angle, that is through analysis of the offers Iran made in 2003 and 2005 to the United States and the European Union for solving the nuclear dispute. This article argues, firstly, that these proposals — focused not just on nuclear issues, but also on geopolitical matters — can shed light on how Iran shapes and conveys its geopolitical role in the Middle East and Central Asia; secondly, that such a role has been "legitimised" by global players like the United States, China, Russia, France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the European Union (i.e., the 5 + 1 countries which participated at the last round of the nuclear deal) through the positive conclusion of the deal; and, finally, that Iran's geopolitical role within the greater Eurasian space will increasingly assume more important dimensions.


The juice of Trichosanthes kirilowii contained inhibition substances that lead to the seed dormancy.The two treatments,flushing for 12h with water and soaking in 98% H2SO4 for 10min could break the seed dormancy.


of the procedures were ambulatory. All patients were released with anticholinergics and bladder catheterizing. 9 of 10 patients with simple VVF reported postoperative clinical improvement. 9 of 13 patients with complex VF had complete resolution of incontinence after removal of the catheter. The median follow-up was 10 months. CONCLUSIONS: NOTES is a minimally invasive technique useful for the initial approach of patients with a VF. It is a reproducible, short-time and potentially ambulatory technique. This approach favors the closure of VVF, VPF and even VEF in non-oncological, oncological and irradiated patients, it is a useful option in patients with previous dif fi cult abdominal approaches without the need to perform open bladder or transabdominal surgery. Multicentric prospective studies are needed for further conclusions. INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVE: Patients with spina bi fi da (SB) may be refractory to medical management and catheterization. Historically, these patients will go on to receive enterocystoplasty. Intravesical injection of botulinum toxin (IVB) has been adopted in the adult and pediatric SB population and gained FDA approval in August 2011. The objectives of this study were to compare utilization trends of IVB and enterocystoplasty in the pediatric and adult SB population, and to evaluate their outcomes post-treatment. We hypothesize that IVB use has increased over time, and that there has been a corresponding decrease in enterocystoplasty. METHODS: We identi fi ed patients with SB in the Truven Ana-lytics MarketScan commercial insurance database from 2008-2017 and strati fi ed them into adult and pediatric samples. Initial procedure was identi fi ed as either IVB or enterocystoplasty. The annual rate of treat-ments was measured and a change in treatment rate was identi fi ed using breakpoint analysis. Time to enterocysplasty was calculated using survival analysis and factors associated with clinical outcomes up to 10 years after index procedure were determined using multivariate Poisson regression. an Very enterocystoplasty patients after IVB. Patients who received IVB as the index procedure experienced signi fi cantly lower rates of hospitalization (RR 0.67; 95% CI 0.54-0.82), emergency department visits (RR 0.86; 95% CI 0.74-0.99), and an increased rate of urologic procedures (RR 1.51; 95% CI 1.33-1.72). CONCLUSIONS: The annual rate of IVB use has increased among patients with SB. There was a signi fi cant rise in the use of IVB noted around the time of FDA approval for this indication in August 2011. Few of these patients go on to receive enterocystoplasty. Patients who receive IVB experience lower rates of hospitalization and emer- gency department visits compared to patients who receive enterocystoplasty.


This paper has discussed and analyzed the construction material price difference adjusting formula,and described that the formula is suitable for generalization and application in the engineering construction.


It is uneconomical, both in telescope time and in labour of reduction, to observe the details of a stellar spectrum if the sole object of the observation is to measure a radial velocity. An application of information theory by Woodward and Davies has suggested ways of markedly reducing this inefficiency by correlation methods of observation. Three principal procedures are proposed. (a) The measurement of the position of a spectral line, recorded photographically by a microphotometer in which the transmission of the ≪ slit ≫ is made to agree with the expected shape of the line. (b) The measurement of radial velocity by superposing a photograph of the spectrum to be measured on that of a star of similar type having a known radial velocity. The overall transparency of the superposed spectra is measured as a function of relative shift in the direction of the dispersion, and compared with the corresponding variation for superposed comparison spectra recorded on the plates. The method may succeed with a weak sp...


When data are published or exchanged, we may want to ensure that certain information is kept private. We consider data-publishing settings (including views, or more generally, data-exchange settings) where the private information is specified by a secret query on the proprietary schema. For such settings, we formulate a privacy notion that ensures those accessing published information cannot learn, with certainty, any answer to the secret query, no matter what data is contained in the private database. We provide algorithms to test the privacy of such data-publishing settings. We consider settings based on a closed-world assumption (for example, settings defined by exact view definitions) as well as setting based on an open-world assumption (for example, settings defined using tuple-generating dependencies). We also propose a method for designing private settings. We experimentally validate the usability of our design solution on large settings.


I N the past, anomalies of the genital tract have aroused interest as anatomical curiosities because of the relative infrequency with which they were thought to occur. In recent years several investigators (Holmes, 1956; Steenstrup, 1959) have focused attention upon these abnormalities because of their important bearing upon the frequency of abortion, premature labour, abnormal presentation of the foetus, and complications of labour and of the immediate post-partum period.


RefeRences 1. World Health Organization. World Malaria Report 2016. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016. 2. Trampuz A, Jereb M, Muzlovic I, Prabhu RM. Clinical review: Severe malaria. Crit Care 2003;7:315-23. 3. Daneshvar C, Davis TM, Cox-Singh J, Rafa'ee MZ, Zakaria SK, Divis PC, et al. Clinical and laboratory features of human Plasmodium knowlesi infection. Clin Infect Dis 2009;49:852-60. 4. Haydoura S, Mazboudi O, Charafeddine K, Bouakl I, Baban TA, Taher AT, et al. Transfusion-related Plasmodium ovale malaria complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a non-endemic country. Parasitol Int 2011;60:114-6. 5. Descheemaeker PN, Mira JP, Bruneel F, Houzé S, Tanguy M, Gangneux JP, et al. Near-fatal multiple organ dysfunction syndrome induced by Plasmodium malariae. Emerg Infect Dis 2009;15:832-4. 6. Kochar DK, Das A, Kochar SK, Saxena V, Sirohi P, Garg S, et al. Severe Plasmodium vivax malaria: A report on serial cases from Bikaner in northwestern India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2009;80:194-8. 7. Mohan A, Sharma SK, Bollineni S. Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome in malaria. J Vector Borne Dis 2008;45:179-93.


Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease characterized by complex clinical manifestations and chronic inflammatory processes with failure of immunoregulatory mechanisms. Kidney is one of the most commonly affected organs. Considering the morbidity associated with SLE and particularly with lupus nephritis (LN), it is important to identify novel biomarkers of disease activity which could aid in the detection and assessment of flares and degree of activity. At present, activity of SLE is assessed based on clinical symptoms and biochemical parameters such as autoantibody (e.g antinuclear antibody (ANA)) and serum complement. However, these biomarkers are not specific for evaluating renal activity. Renal biopsy is the gold standard for assessment of kidney damage and disease activity, but its usage is restricted as it is an invasive procedure. Aim of the work: In the present study, plasma level of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells nuclear factor-κB (PBMCs NF-κB) level as well as serum levels of fetuin-A, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphate were studied as novel biomarkers of LN activity and progression. Methods: The study included 30 SLE female patients, 15 without nephritis (group II) and 15 with nephritis (group III), in addition to 15 agematched healthy controls (group I). Overnight fasting blood was collected from all subjects for measurement of plasma AOPPs level, PBMCs NF-κB level and serum fetuin-A level, 25OHD level, Ca and inorganic phosphate levels as well as calculation of calcification risk index (CRI). Results: Plasma AOPPs, PBMCs NF-κB, serum inorganic phosphate levels and CRI were significantly higher in SLE patients (group II) than age-matched healthy controls (group I) (p<0.05) with the highest level in patients with LN (group III) meanwhile, serum fetuin-A and 25OHD levels were significantly lower in SLE patients than age-matched healthy controls (p<0.05) with the lowest level in LN patient group. In addition plasma AOPPs, PBMCs NF-κB levels and CRI showed significantly positive correlation meanwhile, fetuin-A and 25OHD levels showed significantly negative correlation with serum creatinine, 24 hours urinary albumin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP), ANA, anti double stranded DNA (AntidsDNA) antibodies levels and SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI). Conclusions: In SLE patients, high PBMCs NF-κB and plasma AOPPs levels as well as CRI while low levels of fetuin-A and 25OHD were related to disease activity and progression. Bull. Egypt. Soc. Physiol. Sci. 33 (1) 2013 Keshk et al. 18


We can name many industries that are still based on the same working practices and business models that they have had for a long time – maybe since they started. Despite the wealth of modern technology now available, public infrastructure, a critical component for the well-being of the society, is still an industry based on the paperwork, letters, emails, manual approvals, and a large amount of guess work. It involves a lot of manual effort and is also error prone. It is really very hard for the stakeholders and end users to get an update on the progress of the project, which impacts them directly or indirectly. The authors intend to develop a groundbreaking blockchain platform that can meet the needs of all the different stakeholders involved in creating and providing a better infrastructure. They plan to automate the entire process by using smart contracts to minimize paperwork for the government officials. This will not only eliminate the errors that can happen during manual execution but will also provide a real-time update to all the stakeholders in making the process more transparent.


In many organisations people need to locate colleagues with knowledge and information to resolve a problem. Computer based systems that assist users with finding such expertise are increasingly important to industrial organisations. In this paper we discuss the development of Expertise Finders suitable for use within the engineering design environment as illustrated through the use of a scenario. A key feature of this work is that the Expertise Finder returns both recommended contacts and supporting documentation. The Expertise Finder bases its results on information held within the organisation, for example on-line publications repositories, human resource records and not on individually compiled Curriculum Vitaes or other forms of user maintained records. The recommendations are presented to the user with due regard to the social context, and are supported by the documents used to make the recommendation.


The development of modern computer-controlled measurement systems has given the microwave engineer a fantastic tool for the design and testing of components and systems. Going beyond the point of fast, automatic measurements, they now give promise of high accuracy and are revolutionizing the microwave measurement field.


A negative linear correlation for crude suicide rates of elderly persons with fertility rates was reported earlier but may mask a curvilinear relation. A re-analysis of those data from 81 countries as reported in the World Health Organization and United Nations data banks yielded a curvilinear (U-shaped curve) relation. Explanations require further study.


Pattern Recognition and Audio Processing are important aspects in the control and behavior of mobile robots. Mobile robot's action depends on the recognition of visual and audio stimuli in order to reflect intelligent behavior of the robot. This work presents two recognition systems developed using morphological operations and Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) with Backpropagation Neural Networks (BNN) to process visual and audio data respectively. The objective is to design a person tracking system for a mobile robot with text dependent pitch recognition and a visual pattern recognition mechanism. The BNN will awake the robot from the idle position, while the visual stimulation will be used to track the person given the command.


This paper analyses cash and cashless payment instruments in Germany. After a description of developments in a national and international context, we will compile a critical literature overview on cost calculations and on the importance of payments media for different countries. Against the background of the criticism of these studies, we will present an independent and largely "demand-based" approach in Section 3 on the economic significance or cost of cash and cashless payments instruments without conducting a survey of our own. It can be interpreted as an addition to the supply-based cost studies which have predominated in literature up to now. All in all, it accounts for approximately 2% to 2,5% of GDP. However, these figures do not take qualitative factors into consideration. * University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburger Straße 45, D-63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany, email: email@example.com # Weiden Technical University of Applied Sciences and WSB Poznan, Hetzenrichter Weg 15, D-92637 Weiden, Germany, email: firstname.lastname@example.com  We thank N. Bartzsch, M. Diehl, E. Gladisch, A. Müller, H. Rittgen, R. Rotzler, M. Schmudde and C.-L. Thiele for helpful comments and suggestions Last but not least, we wish to thank M. Altmann for his extensive preparatory work for estimating the volume of cash payments.


The author considers the typology of new words in the Russian language, structural and semantic features of word formation in modern mass media from the point of view of their conventionality/non-conventionality, and prefixation as a way of new word formation. Mass communication language is addressed to mass readers and their speech skills, therefore some elements of other (often lower) styles are allowed into publicistic texts. Word coinage is widely used as a specific means for enhancing the text's expressiveness.


IntroductionLately constructivist methods of education have become the dominant view of classroom teaching. According to the constructivist model, learning is the active process of building knowledge, where learners make an effort to build their own knowledge in an organized and coherent fashion (Fosnot, 2005; Gergen, 1995; Mayer, 2003; Pass, 2004). Constructivist models of education are commonly used in the classrooms for face-to-face instruction, where group work and cooperative teaching methods are successful and students are motivated and appreciate classroom learning (Barber, Rajaram, & Fox, 2012; Congleton & Rajaram, 2014; Palinscar & Brown, 1984). With the advancement of technology and increasing demands on the level of teacher education programs, more cost and time effective education leads to offering of hybrid and online courses. It is not enough to only teach future or inservice teachers about theories of learning, but courses in teacher education programs should also use them in practice (so to walk the talk), and help preservice and inservice teachers (while taking a course) experience online teaching and learning methods.Literature ReviewThe recently introduced Common Core Standards (CCS) for education in K-12 schools, developed by the National Governors Association (NGA) and the Council Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) (2010), had an influence on teacher education programs. Not only K-12 teachers need to align their teaching to the CCS, but college level teacher education courses need to also prepare preservice and inservice teachers to use instructional methods that teach them how to prepare students for college and career readiness. This alignment to CCS can be accomplished by using instructional methods that ask students to use their metacognitive thinking, and develop problem-solving skills (NRC, 2000, 2001, 2012). The NRC report states that "in general, students who are more metacognitive are better students overall, which suggests that the goal of education should be to help students become more metacognitive" (NCR, 2012, p. 154).There is an increase of online or web based programs that offer instruction for K-12 students (Brummernhenrich & Jucks, 2013; D'Mello, 2013). As a consequence teacher education programs should also prepare educators for online teaching. Bates and Sangra (2011) show that in the past two decades online education changed tremendously, from online courses "correspondence" style to MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses). As online learning becomes ubiquitous (Andresen, 2009; Kirschner, 2012; Walsh, 2011) at all levels there is still more to learn and improve in what regards online instruction. Teaching the teachers with new and improved instructional methods for online education should also be a target for teacher education programs (Garrison & Anderson, 2003).Results from comparing face-to-face and online instruction (Schumm, Webb, Turek, Jones, & Ballard, 2006), showed that online courses can improve student learning. Literature on online teaching shows that online discussions have the potential to cultivate and develop student higher order thinking skills, and increase instructor-student and student-student contact (Black, 2005; Garrison, Anderson, & Archer, 2001; Hara, Bonk, & Angeli, 2000; Meyer, 2003; Schwartz & Szabo, 2011; Szabo & Schwartz, 2011; Thomas, 2002; Wu & Hiltz, 2004). Despite encouraging news other researchers (Andersen, 2009; Dennen & Wieland, 2007) show that when it comes to online learning some students are not motivated, do not participate, or lack effective online communication skills.Lately constructivist approaches are used in online courses as well (Hewitt, 2005; Meyer, 2003; Rourke & Anderson, 2002). Peer-facilitation in online discussions may encourage more participation. Several studies (Baran & Correia, 2009; Hew & Cheung, 2011) analyzed student-led online facilitation strategies used to overcome the challenges of instructor-dominated facilitation (Wang & Chen, 2010). …


We define a 4-state Potts model ensemble on the square lattice, with the constraints that neighbouring spins must have different values, and that no plaquette may contain all four states. The spin configurations may be mapped into those of a two-dimensional interface in a 2 + 5 dimensional space. If this interface is in a Gaussian rough phase (as is the case for most other models with such a mapping) then the spin correlations are critical and their exponents can be related to the stiffness governing the interface fluctuations. Results of our Monte Carlo simulations show height fluctuations with an anomalous dependence on the wavevector, intermediate between the behaviours expected in a rough and in a smooth phase; we argue that the smooth phase (which would imply long-range spin order) is the best interpretation.


Background & Objective: Renal tumors are a common finding in diagnostic imaging; these lesions usually are solid or cystic, benign or malignant, and the correct diagnosis may be difficult. The current study aims at to determine the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of Wilms tumor taking histopathology as gold standard. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried at the Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital & Institute of Child Health Lahore over 6 months from March 2019 to September 2019. The study involved 125 children of both genders aged between 2 years to 14 years presenting with a neoplastic mass in the retroperitoneum on ultrasound abdomen during initial workup. These children were assessed on MRI for the diagnosis of Wilms tumor. Later the diagnosis was confirmed on histopathology which was taken as gold standard and the diagnosis of MRI was judged accordingly as true/false and positive/negative. A written informed consent was obtained from every patient. Results: The mean age of the children was 5.8±3.9 years having a male predominance with male to female ratio of 1.8:1. Wilms tumor was suspected in 13 (10.4%) children on MRI. The diagnosis of Wilms tumor was confirmed in 13 (10.4%) children on histopathology. MRI was found to be 76.9% sensitive, 97.3% specific and 95.2% accurate with positive and negative predictive values of 76.9% and 97.3% respectively. Conclusion: In the present study, MRI was found to be 95.2% accurate in the differential diagnosis of Wilms tumor in children presenting with retroperitoneal mass which along with its non-invasive and radiation free nature advocates the preferred use of MRI in the diagnostic evaluation of such children in future oncologic practice. Keywords: Retroperitoneal Tumor, Wilms Tumor, MRI, Diagnostic Accuracy


In this study, the relationships between metacognition skills and academic procrastination behaviors of senior high school students were examined in terms of some variables of students. The study was designed in accordance with the relational survey model. The population of the research consists of the last year students of secondary schools (high schools) in a city center in the Central Anatolia Region in the 2017-2018 academic years. The sample of the study consisted of 492 high school senior students who volunteered to participate in the study. The research data were collected with "Metacognition Skills Scale" and "Academic Procrastination Scale. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 22.00 package program. Frequency and percentage, item averages, Kolmogrov-Smirnov Test, Kruskal Wallis-H test, Mann-Whitney U Test and Spearman Brown Rank Differential Correlation Analysis techniques were used in the analysis. Findings indicate that metacognition skills and academic procrastination scores of high school senior students are generally at medium level. While metacognition skill scores do not change according to the gender and parental education level of the students, they show significant differences according to the socio-economic level of the family and the type of high school in which they are attending. Academic procrastination scores did not change according to the socio-economic level of the family, the education level of the mother and the education level of the father; there are significant differences according to gender and high school type of students. It was found that there was a low positive correlation between the metacognition scores of the students and the academic procrastination scores .18. The results of the research were discussed on the basis of the relevant literature and some recommendations based on the findings were presented.


The symptoms of schizophrenia may vary across cultures largely in terms of positive symptoms. Culture-specific symptoms can affect treatment or assessment processes, therefore it is considered crucial to determine these differences in positive symptoms, especially hallucinations. In this study, we aim to systematically examine and understand these cultural differences in hallucinations within the context of schizophrenia. Using the related keywords in different databases, we identified 465 articles. The systematic review included 21 articles published between 1975 and 2016 that met the eligibility criteria. After systematically reviewing the articles, it appears that auditory hallucinations were generally the same across cultures, but visual hallucinations were more common in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and the Caribbean than in Europe and America. In some cultures, religious and cultural beliefs were influential in terms of the content of hallucinations. While the order of frequency types of hallucinations seen in schizophrenia across cultures seems to be relatively similar, the frequency of hallucination types may differ across cultures suggesting the pathofacilitative effects can partly play. Furthermore, the pathoplastic effect and social kindling hypotheses may explain the content differences by identifying that culture influences the expression of symptoms at the content level. Although studies have limitations, some of which need to be read carefully since they may not fully represent cultural samples, it was expected that this study would contribute to a better understanding of how culture affects hallucinations as well as highlight the treatment and assessment options that might be useful for clinicians.


A complex and it is possible to minimize production errors and rejects at a low cost rather, provides a method for corrective action for the work of the absorbent hygiene products of the production line, such as baby diapers. A Corrective operation method of working absorbent sanitary products of the production line, such as baby diapers captures an image of each article to be delivered from the line, the arrangement of components using the image and / or assembly and / or defining a first parameter indicating the shape, the production defect detected when outside the adequate range of each of the first parameter, the second line operating parameters specified to indicate whether the outside the adequate range, line work parameters, by comparing the third reference parameter corresponding indicating the optimum line work, derives abnormal operating parameters map, each combination of abnormal working parameters check whether the cause of the malfunction of the line each cause is stored in advance in the malfunction cause case database records defining a corrective action to eliminate the production defects for each cause of malfunction which has occurred. .FIELD 1


With the impact of swift and violent trend for popularization of higher education, whether we can keep or even enhance the teaching quality has become a problem demanding prompt solution for postgraduate graduation in our country at present. Faced with this problem, our country and the education department concerned shall not only fully support the higher learning institutions with respect to teaching hardware and faculty, but also consider guiding the track of postgraduate development of our country through pilot ideas so as to cultivate higher talents who have more social competitive power and more thoughts. Therefore, this paper tries to treat and analyze the connotative development and essence of postgraduate education of our country from the angle of view of philosophy and to experience the philosophical thinking needed for postgraduate education.


A thermal conductivity map constitutes an important basis with regards to the design and performance of geothermal heat pump installations. Although the execution of a Thermal Response Test means an ideal solution as it provides the average value of the thermal conductivity over the length of the borehole drilled for the BHE, in small projects it is not possible to carry out these tests because they involve a vailable online 7 September 2016


ITER cooling waters system consists of large piping network to remove the heat load of about 1100 MWatt through various branched connections. Many of the branches are connected to main pipes by half coupling full penetration weld joints. There is requirement is to have full penetration for all the joints, however quality classification (QC-2), recommends only 10% testing of the total weldments. In view of this it is expected that there can be some joints with little or no penetration. The above requirement demands for the structural strength and fatigue life assessment to ascertain that components is not failing even if there is no weld penetration. The design by analysis approach is considered for structural and fatigue life assessment, for maximum expected loads combination case. The weld joint is structurally qualified using ASME code. Fatigue life of weld joint is calculated using both ASME Section VIII Div.2 and RCC-MR RR3261.12. The maximum stress and fatigue life observed for full penetration case is 92 MPa and 315766 cycles as per ASME and 200000 cycles as per RCC-MR. Whereas, in no penetration case, the stress is 188 MPa and fatigue life is 137210 cycles as per ASME and 1500 cycles as per RCC-MR. It is concluded in the paper that weld joint is safe for both the case in most severe load case combination.