Degradation and deforestation of forest cause d reduction vast and quality of forests . One of the solution to overcome this are reforestation and afforestation . Before replanting in the field needed seedlings with a good level of environmental adaptation that is by breeding improved varieties . Breadfruit is a plant that has a strong root system that can be a deterrent intrusi on barriers to erosion and sea water . This research aims to get optimum organic mulch density and watering interval to growth of breadfruits. This research has done in green house at Agriculture Faculty of the University of North Sumatera (USU). The method used to analyze the effect of organic mulch woven palm leaf and watering interval to growth of breadfruits for 5 months. The observed parameter is height, diameter, number of leaves, leaves width, canopy width, length of roots, dry weight of  roots and moisture levels of leaves. Analysis data using the factorial complete random design (RALF). This research results showed that organic mulch woven palm leaves and watering interval significantly effect to growth of breadfruits except diameter parameter. Interaction of both aren't significantly effect for all parameters. Keywords : Green house, breadfruits (Artocarpus communis), mulch.


Moscow's war in Afghanistan is in its seventh year. It has not progressed according to Soviet expectations. When Brezhnev and his colleagues ordered the invasion in December 1979, they probably believed that the mere presence of Soviet troops would so intimidate the Afghans as to ensure a quick submission. When this did not transpire, the Soviet Union appeared to adopt the view that the use of its armed forces against the disorganized and poorly armed Afghan partisans the mujahedin would bring an early victory. They were clearly mistaken. The Soviet leadership seriously underestimated the military, economic, and political costs of the war. Although exact figures are difficult to come by, it is probable that between 12,000 and 40,000 Soviet personnel have already lost their lives in Afghanistan, compared to the 58,ooo fatalities suffered by the Americans in Vietnam. Hundreds of aircraft, helicopters, tanks, and armoured vehicles lost in the war have had to be replaced. Large facilities were built in Afghanistan to accommodate Soviet forces, and several have had to be rebuilt or repaired after attacks by the resistance. Keeping Soviet forces supplied has also obviously been costly. The direct costs of the war have been estimated at $18 to $36 billion, not an insignificant amount for an economy that suffers from serious problems. Moreover, because the Afghan economy has been severely disrupted and Western aid to Kabul dramatically reduced, the Soviet Union has had to take on this responsibil-


【Objective】 The purpose of this experiment is to establish an efficient method for harvesting porcine cloned blastocysts via optimization of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) procedures. 【Method】 The effects of different electrical activation parameters and in vitro culture conditions on the developmental competence of porcine SCNT embryos were examined and compared. 【Result】The comparison study of different electrical activation parameters indicated that the combination of a single direct current (DC) pulse of 1.5 kV·cm-1 electrical field strength for 80 μs could yield better cleavage rate and the highest blastocyst rate (71.4% and 14.3%, respectively) together with significantly higher developmental rate of blstocysts than that from other groups (P0.05). After culture in vitro for 72 h with 0.4% BSA NCSU23 medium, half medium exchange didn't improve the development of cloned embryos. However, addition of 10% FBS into culture medium could significantly increase the developmental rate of blstocysts (15.1% versus 10.3%, P0.05) and the DNA integrity rate (56.8% versus 46.6%, P0.05). Co-cultured with porcine granulose cells (pGC) didn't increase the cloned embryo developmental rate (P0.05), but co-culture with cumulus cells (pCC) yielded higher blastocyst rate than that from the control (16.7% versus 9.8%, P0.05) and the apoptotic rate of cloned embryos cultured for 5 days was also significantly lower than that of the control (39.5% versus 54.2%,P0.05). 【Conclusion 】Under the present experimental condition, the combination of a single DC pulse of 1.5 kV·cm-1 electrical field strength for 80 μs was the optimal electrical activation parameters for porcine reconstructed embryos. After co-culture with pCC in 0.4% BSA NCSU23 medium for 72 h, addition of 10% FBS into culture medium could significantly increase the developmental rate of blastocysts.


By dissociating drawing from both geometry and construction activity, in the XHth century disegno developed a way of thinking and tracing the lines of architectural representation through the succession of tentative sketches transcribing the confusion of qualitative thought by orchestrating the use of blurred lines. In the 1920s, the linear freedom of designo went through a second childhood, which would be preserved by Le Corbusier up to and including his last works. In order to maintain its power, disegno had to overthrow the myth of the classical Idea and its predetermination, to adhere to the fragmentary condition of the idea and its late formulation, whose inconsistencies were competing with discursive methods. Disegno also had to flight dogmas that sought to reduce architectural creativity to mathematical truths, practical reasoning or constructive transparency.


This paper illustrates new applications of boost and Cuk converters by applying innovative changes in their configurations. The restructured converters operate with high efficiency as cost-effective and single switch dual-output converters. The proposed converters have few extra components in comparison to the conventional boost and Cuk converters. The proposed converters can connect DC loads with different voltage levels to a DC link or other renewable energy sources. Also, using both of them in a structure makes preparing multilevel outputs with different voltage levels possible which is discussed in the paper. The converters design, analysis and experiments are in continues conduction mode (CCM). Prototypes for the proposed converters are prepared based on analysis and theoretical equations. Experimental results and theoretical equations are in good agreements with each other


This paper describes how to provide an inexpensive capability that automatically captures, time-stamps, and georectifies single and 360 degree-panoramic eye-level imagery while the image-taker freely moves around the environment. These same images readily overlay all virtual maps as icons to create photo-trails that can be queried, sorted, and expanded to help support planning for a variety of commercial, industrial, and military purposes.


Disposable email address created at the disposable address system and is described with respect to the processing method. The resulting disposable email address including a hostname domain, user name, a domain tag and a passcode, where the passcode is your algorithm you have selected one of a plurality of passcode validation algorithms provided to the user by the disposable address system choose to adopt. Algorithm selected by the user to generate a passcode can change the disposable email address that you have on a regular basis. Disposable email addresses do not trust the system includes a storage unit that maintains the display of discarded disposable email addresses, and therefore the future, you can prevent this email with the destination email address is not delivered to the user with an email address.


Proportional poppet-type cartridge valves are the key elements of the energy saving programmable valves, which have been shown in our previous studies to be able to achieve excellent motion control performance while significantly saving energy usage. Unlike costly conventional four-way valves, the cartridge valve has simple structure and is easy to manufacture, but its complicated mathematical model makes the controller design and implementation rather difficult Our previous works used either an off-line individually calibrated or manufacturer supplied flow mappings as the model of the cartridge valves. Neither method is ideal for industrial wide applications as the former method is time-consuming and needs trained engineers with additional flow sensors while the later leads to significantly degraded control performance due to the inaccuracy of the manufacturer supplied flow mappings. To solve this practically very significant problem, this paper focuses on the automated modelling of the cartridge valve flow mapping without using any extra sensors and removing the valves from the system. The estimation of the flow mapping is based on the pressure dynamics in the hydraulic cylinder with consideration of some unknown parameters like effective bulk modulus of fluid. Experimental results are obtained to illustrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed novel automated modelling method


Previous research on automated question gen- 001 eration has almost exclusively focused on gen- 002 erating factoid questions whose answers can 003 be extracted from a single document. How- 004 ever, there is an increasing interest in develop- 005 ing systems that are capable of more complex 006 multi-hop question generation (QG), where an- 007 swering the question requires reasoning over 008 multiple documents. In this work, we pro- 009 pose a simple and effective approach based on 010 the transformer model for multi-hop QG. Our 011 approach consists of specialized input repre- 012 sentations, a supporting sentence classification 013 objective, and training data weighting. Prior 014 work on multi-hop QG considers the simpli- 015 fied setting of shorter documents and also ad- 016 vocates the use of entity-based graph struc- 017 tures as essential ingredients in model design. 018 On the contrary, we showcase that our model 019 can scale to the challenging setting of longer 020 documents as input, does not rely on graph 021 structures, and substantially outperforms the 022 state-of-the-art approaches as measured by au- 023 tomated metrics and human evaluation.


The title of this paper is the optimizing the performance of legal advocates to provide legal assistance free of charge. The purpose of this law writing is to see and to get the source concerning the way to optimize the performance of the Advocate in providing legal assistance free of charge in Yogyakarta. The method of research in this law writing is a normative legal research that is a research which focuses on the norms of positive law in the form of Rules and Regulations. Therefore, this study requires secondary data as data headliner. In order to optimize the performance of the Advocate in providing legal assistance free of charge then the Advocates should qualified the requirements to be a good advocate under the Act or regulations of Advocates organization, empowering the role of paralegals, and the holding of a warning by the Advocates organization for Advocates members to provide legal assistance free of charge for poor people as a liability. Obviously, each Advocate should always be ready to optimize all their effort and performance to provide legal assistance free of charge, supported by appropriate skills gained by the used terms and conditions. Finally, it is expected to optimize the performance of the Advocate in order to optimize its performance in providing legal assistance free of charge.


Determining the best journals to support an academic discipline is often a challenge. The article examines the most prominent political science journals and discusses a method for using the ISI Web of Science database to identify titles that the local academic faculty are using to support their scholarship.


In this paper a new method for voiced speech enhancement combining the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and the Adaptive Center Weighted Average (ACWA) filter is introduced. Noisy signal is decomposed adaptively into intrinsic oscillatory components called Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). Since voiced speech structure is mostly distributed on both medium and low frequencies, the shorter scale IMFs of the noisy signal are beneath noise, however the longer scale ones are less noisy. Therefore, the main idea of the proposed approach is to only filter the shorter scale IMFs, and to keep the longer scale ones unchanged. In fact, the filtering of longer scale IMFs will introduce distortion rather than reducing noise. The denoising method is applied to several voiced speech signals with different noise levels and the results are compared with wavelet approach, ACWA filter and EMD–ACWA (filtering of all IMFs using ACWA filter). Relying on exhaustive simulations, we show the efficiency of the proposed method for reducing noise and its superiority over other denoising methods, i.e. to improve Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and to offer better listening quality based on a Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ). The present study is limited to signals corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise.


Chinese study of methodology of historiography in the 20 th century is a rich heritage.The development of the New Historians' methodology of historiography began with Liang Qi chao's New Historiography ,then went through a series of books about historical methodology in 1930s and 40s,furthermore came to contemporary Taiwan scholars' study of historical methodology.The first phase of China's Marxist historiography is marked subsequently by Li Da zhao's introduction and propaganda of Marxist historical viewpoints,attempts and practices conducted by Guo Muo ruo,among others,at studying Chinese history in Marxist way,then by the published work of Jian Bo zan's History philosophy .From 1950s through 1970s was a era for popularization and zigzagged development of Marxist historical methodology.The twenties years since reform and open up was an unprecedented prosperous and dynamic period for Chinese Marxist historical methodology study.By reviewing Chinese study of methodology of historiography in the 20 th century we can obtain many instructions and enlightenment for the new century study.


In this paper, using a molten salt process, nickel cobaltite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized for the first time from non-standard reagents.


In this paper, the authors describe a fixed domain method to simulate the injection of a fluid governed by the Stokes equations into a partially filled cell. The Baiocchi transformation of the pressure and velocity results in equations which hold in the entire cell and which implicitly enforce the conditions on the moving boundary. A finite element discretization is applied to this transformed problem, and the resulting discrete system is solved by a successive approximation iteration on the fractional volume content of fluid in each element. For a two-dimensional channel, transient and steadily advancing fluid fronts (known as the "fountain-flow" problem) computed by this method are compared with those computed by some front-tracking algorithms. New examples, not found in the literature, that involve turning and internal obstacles are also presented.


Construction is a project based production which requires effective and efficient use of materials, machinery, technology and human resources. Supply Chain Management, as a contemporary management approach, has become an important element in the construction project management to improve the efficiency and productivity of construction projects. Despite of its many advantages for both contractors and suppliers, implementation which requires a systematic management approach and technological support may result in contractors' lack of interest to the subject, especially for small to medium sized contractors working in developing cou ntries like Turkey. Many organization, production or sector based problems may additionally affect the implementation. This research, thus, focuses on exploration of barriers to implementation of supply chain management by small to medium sized Turkish contractors who specialize in residential building construction. A questionnaire survey was conducted in order to collect related data. Twenty one barriers to the implementation of a successful supply chain management which were determined during literature review were listed in the questionnaire and respondents were asked to rank their significance by using Likert Scale of Five. In order to collect data, face to face interviews were undertaken with a total number of a hundred and four small to medium sized Turkish construction contractors who specialised in residential building construction. Collected data was statistically analyzed and the barriers were grouped under seven factors through Factor Analysis. These factors were named as; lack of trust to the suppliers, lack of information technology infrastructure and resistance of the suppliers to change, short-term and price-oriented approaches, lack of top management support, production being project-based and large in volume, widely spread contentious relationships in the industry and difficulties in accessing the resources. When these factors were analysed according to factor loadings, it was concluded that the main problems that were faced by small to medium sized contractors in Turkey were difficulties in accessing resources like information technology and consultants. Research findings additionally showed that trust on suppliers was very low and the demand from employers/clients was the main drive for the contractors.


The dissertation investigates two major problems in making a remote collaborative recording: echo cancellation during the recording, and signal separation during post processing. A prototype system is conceived and simulated to demonstrate the validity of the design in separated steps


Over the past four to five years, there has been notable progress in One Health training opportunities for veterinary medical students (Chaddock, 2012; Wong & Kogan, 2013), but, to date, the need for veterinary technicians to be trained and to play an allied role had not been addressed in published research. The adoption of One Health Core Concepts into veterinary medical education (NAVMEC, 2011) and the opening of One Health, Ecosystem Health, Conservation Medicine, and Global Animal Health Institutes at many American veterinary schools suggest a potential demand for veterinary technicians in new areas of veterinary medicine. The purpose of this project is to investigate whether veterinary technicians have a role to play in One Heath, and if so, then how best to infuse these new, inclusive health concepts and strategies into their educational programs.


The media and general public often perceive major natural disturbances as catastrophies that destroy the environment. However, this view is derived from the perspective of human population and infrastructure. From an ecosystem perspective, natural disturbances are often required to maintain ecosystem function (for example, some plant germination occurs by way of fire, and sediments and nutrients are redistributed by floods). The inappropriate impression of total destruction can give rise to inappropriate environmental responses, such as widespread and intensive salvage logging.

![Figure][1]

After the flood.
Although major events such as floods can be catastrophic for humans, ecosystems can benefit from them. More research funding can lead to a better understanding of these overlooked effects.

CREDIT: JUPITERIMAGES

Unfortunately, in many cases, excellent opportunities for scientific and management learning from large natural disturbances are limited or lost because of the absence of readily available funding to implement a rapid research response. In the United States, the National Science Foundation has a small program called Special Grants for Ecological Research for immediate research response following major natural disturbances. This program does not provide for long-term support for research on ecosystem responses and post-disturbance management, and, to our knowledge, there are no parallels in other countries.

More funding for scientific and management learning after major natural disturbances is crucial given that (i) evidence suggests the prevalence of large natural disturbances will increase, and (ii) we need to better understand how to respond to such disturbances, especially to ensure that post-disturbance management activities do not make recovering ecosystems even more risk-prone to subsequent disturbances ([ 1 ][2]).

1. [↵][3]1. J. R. Thompson, 2. T. A. Spies, 3. L. M. Ganio
 , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 10743 (2007).
 [OpenUrl][4][Abstract/FREE Full Text][5]

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The issue of nursing's professionalism is one that has concerned nurses and others for a considerable period of time. With the current furor concerning entry into practice the concern is not likely to abate. In this paper the author explores reasons for examining the past and J.H. Plumb's uses of the past. Historical evidence regarding nurses concerns about professionalism is discussed. The lack of congruence about a definition of professionalism is presented by showing eleven different definitions in chart form, given by professionals from different disciplines. Elements of professionalism, considered by the author to be central to the issue, are explored in historical context. By weaving those elements into the social fabric, nursing's progress toward professional status will be demonstrated.


In this paper, an economic order quantity (EOQ) inventory model with shortage has been considered in a fuzzy environment in order to determine the optimal total cost and the optimal length value for the proposed inventory model. Further to achieve this optimal length value, used extension of the Lagrangian method. An algorithm for optimizing this model is developed. We have illustrated crisp and fuzzy value in numerical example.


Little is known about a possible interaction of natural killer (NK) cells with regulatory T cells (Treg) in long‐term stable kidney transplant recipients. Absolute counts of lymphocyte and Treg subsets were studied in whole blood samples of 136 long‐term stable renal transplant recipients and 52 healthy controls using eight‐colour fluorescence flow cytometry. Patients were 1946 ± 2201 days (153–10 268 days) post‐transplant and showed a serum creatinine of 1·7 ± 0·7 mg/dl. Renal transplant recipients investigated > 1·5 years post‐transplant showed higher total NK cell counts than recipients studied < 1·5 years after transplantation (P = 0·006). High NK cells were associated with high glomerular filtration rate (P = 0·002) and low serum creatinine (P = 0·005). Interestingly, high NK cells were associated with high CD4+CD25+CD127–forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3+) Treg that co‐express the phenotype Helios+interferon (IFN)‐γ– and appear to have stable FoxP3 expression and originate from the thymus. Furthermore, high total NK cells were associated with Treg that co‐express the phenotypes interleukin (IL)−10–transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β+ (P = 0·013), CD183+CD62L– (P = 0·003), CD183+CD62+(P = 0·001), CD183–CD62L+ (P = 0·002), CD252–CD152+ (P < 0·001), CD28+human leucocyte antigen D‐related (HLA‐DR–) (P = 0·002), CD28+HLA‐DR+ (P < 0·001), CD95+CD178– (P < 0·001) and CD279–CD152+ (P < 0·001), suggesting that these activated Treg home in peripheral tissues and suppress effector cells via TGF‐β and cytotoxic T lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 (CTLA‐4). The higher numbers of NK and Treg cell counts in patients with long‐term good allograft function and the statistical association of these two lymphocyte subsets with each other suggest a direct or indirect (via DC) interaction of these cell subpopulations that contributes to good long‐term allograft acceptance. Moreover, we speculate that regulatory NK cells are formed late post‐transplant that are able to inhibit graft‐reactive effector cells.


1. Electroencephalogram: Multiple brain electrode patches are placed on the scalp to record the various stages of sleep. Thus, we can obtain a brainwave diagram for analysis. 2. Electromyography: 4 electrode patches are used to monitor muscle tension. Muscle tension will decrease significantly during sleep. We can also detect whether periodic limb movement disorder occurs and then compare the results with other data. 3. Electrocardiography: this can record the activity of the heart, including T waves, P waves, and QRS waves. 4. Electrooculography: this can record the potential difference between the cornea and the retina, so that we know when the rapid eye movement period occurs, allowing us to judge the stages of sleep. 5. Oxygen saturation: by recording this, we can know if the body remains in good condition during sleep. 6. Thoracic abdominal effort. 7. Nasal and oral airflow.


This talk provides a summary of the results obtained by the HotQCD collaboration on the equation of state and the crossover transition in 2+1 flavor QCD. We investigate bulk thermodynamic quantities - energy density, pressure, entropy density, and the speed of sound over the temperature range 140 < T < 540 MeV. These results have been obtained on lattices of temporal size N_tau = 6 and 8 and with two improved staggered fermion actions, asqtad and p4. Our most extensive results are with masses of the two degenerate light quarks set at m_l = 0.1 m_s corresponding to the Goldstone pion mass m_pi between 220-260 MeV. In these simulations, the strange quark mass is tuned to its physical value and constant values of m_l/m_s define lines of constant physics. We also summarize the current state of results on observables sensitive to the chiral and deconfining physics -- the light and strange quark number susceptibilities, the chiral condensate and its susceptibility, and the renormalized Polyakov loop. Our results indicate that the deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration occur in the same narrow temperature interval.


Circulars or regulations governing the recruitment of SNAs are taken to be amended only to the extent outlined in this Circular. Accordingly, employers should continue to follow existing procedures on recruitment of SNAs subject to the inclusion of the following measures to facilitate the operation of these supplementary assignment arrangements for SNAs. In the case of primary and special schools this is in accordance with Appendix E 2011 Constitution of Boards and Rules of Procedure.


We havestudied therole ofthecom- plement system inburninjury inanexperimental model inmice. A25%bodysurface area, full-thickness scald woundwasproduced inanesthetized animals. Massive activation ofthealternative complement pathway, butnottheclassical pathway, wasseen. This activation wasassociated withthegeneration ofneu- trophil aggregating activity intheplasma, neutrophil aggregates inthelungs, increased pulmonary vascular permeability, andincreased lungedemaformation. Decomplementation withcobra venomfactor (CVF) orgenetic C5deficiency diminished these pathologic changes, andCVFpretreatment substantially reduced burnmortality inthefirst 24h.Preliminary data show thathumanburnpatients haveasimilar pattern of complement activation involving predominantly the alternative pathway, indicating thepossible relevance ofthemurine modeltohumandisease.


In the gold nanoparticle (Au NP)-loaded CdS film on fluorine-doped tin oxide electrode (Au/CdS/FTO), the localized plasmonic resonance excitation-induced electron injection from Au NP to CdS has been proved by photoelectrochemical measurements. Formation of ZnS thin films between the Au NP and CdS film leads to a drastic increase of the photocurrent under visible-light irradiation ( > 610 nm) in a 0.1 M NaClO4 aqueous electrolyte solution due to the electron filtering effect. The photocurrent strongly depends on the thickness of the ZnS film, and the maximum value is obtained at the thickness of as thin as 2.1 nm. Further, the ZnS overlayer significantly stabilizes the photocurrent of the CdS/FTO electrode in a polysulfide/sulfide electrolyte solution even under the excitation of CdS ( > 430 nm). This work presents important information about the design for the new plasmonic photocatalysts consisting of plasmonic metal NP and chalcogenide semiconductors with high conduction band edge.


The effects of heavy-oil surface contamination on the CO2 transfer across the air-water interface were investigated through laboratory experiments in an oscillating-grid tank. The CO2 transfer velocities across the air-water interface contaminated with heavy-oil were estimated for both tap water and saltwater. The results show that the CO2 transfer volocity across the non-breaking interface for tap water contaminated with heavy-oil is damped to 30% of that for tap water without heavy-oil contamination. The CO2 transfer velocity across the non-breaking interface for 3.5 wt% saltwater (or natural seawater) contaminated with heavy-oil is damped to 46% of that for 3.5 wt% saltwater (or natural seawater) without heavy-oil contamination. The reduction in the CO2 transfer velocity can well be explained by assuming the resistance equivalent for tap water and saltwater to mass transfer due to a thin oil film on the surface. When the interface is intensively broken, the CO2 transfer velocity across the air-water interface contaminated with heavy-oil approaches to that for tap water or saltwater without heavy-oil contamination. The reduction in the CO2 transfer velocity across the air-water interfaces suggests that the effects of the surface contamination should be taken into account in the General Circulation Model (GCM) for estimating the global CO2 budget.


There is increasing evidence that aggregation of α‐synuclein contributes to the functional and structural deterioration in the CNS of Parkinson's disease patients and transgenic animal models. α‐Synuclein binds to various cellular proteins and aggregated α‐synuclein species may affect their physiological function. In the present study, we used protein arrays spotted with 178 active human kinases for a large‐scale analysis of the effects of recombinant α‐synuclein on kinase activities. Incubation with globular α‐synuclein oligomers significantly inhibited autophosphorylation of p21‐activated kinase (PAK4) compared to treatment with monomeric α‐synuclein or β‐synuclein. A concentration‐dependent inhibition was also observed in a solution‐based kinase assay. To show in vivo relevance, we analyzed brainstem protein extracts from α‐synuclein (A30P) transgenic mice where accumulation of α‐synuclein oligomers has been demonstrated. By immunoblotting using a phospho‐specific antibody, we detected a significant decline in phosphorylation of LIM kinase 1, a physiological substrate for PAK4. Suppression of PAK activity by amyloid‐β oligomers has been reported in Alzheimer's disease. Thus, PAKs may represent a target for various neurotoxic protein oligomers, and signaling deficits may contribute to the behavioral defects in chronic neurodegenerative diseases.


Many nurses feel the need for professional improvement and because they are unable to leave work, they seek alternatives for training in Distance Learning courses thus associating complementary training with daily work. This was a review study that had as objective to analyze the content of the work of conclusion of course of the specialization lines of care urgency and emergency, as well as the main thematic of interest of the professionals who act in the scenarios of emergencies and ready care. A total of 190 studies were analyzed in the various devices of the emergency and emergency care network, which presented as main themes of interest: permanent education and health actions; creation of protocols / forms and assistance routines; systematization of nursing care; implementation of risk classification in services. In addition, there was concern about the issues related to worker health. The themes of interest and the work developed were relevant to the nurses' practice in the different work settings and all have a direct relationship with the care practice not only of the students of the specialization, but of the nurses who are currently included in the emergency care network and emergency.


The principle and development of the Fuzzy control technique were introduced. The applications in HVAC was analyzed and summarized. The development tendency of this technigue was pointed out.


The article describes the environmental conditions of Eastern Wellfield (Kaliningrad). The article provides brief information about the sources of wellfield pollution and the quality of ground drinking water.


Abstract The clay and sand mineralogy of old (possibly 750 000 years) rhyolitic tephras of two sections located in south-west and west Waikato, New Zealand, has been investigated by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and the polarising microscope. The tephras are highly weathered and contain a srnall proportion of sand grains comprised mainly of quartz and magnetite, and are dominated by halloysite which occurs in several morphological forms. Allophane is present in all clay fractions together with gibbsite (in three beds) and lepidocrocite (in two beds). The mineralogy of the tephras is compared with that of the rhyolitic Pahoia Tuffs which are younger.


We have fabricated strained SixGe1−x/SiyGe1−y multiple quantum wells on Ge(100) substrates and measured the photoluminescence (PL) spectra, observing band‐edge emission from the SiGe alloy layers. The emission is due to the recombination of both bound excitons and free excitons in the quantum wells. From the positions of the observed PL lines, we have evaluated the band‐gap energies of the strained SiGe alloy layers, and found them to be smaller than those of bulk SiGe alloys. The band‐gap energy increases with the Si content of the alloy, reaching a maximum at about 15% Si, and subsequently decreases. These results agree well with the theoretical calculations for strained layers, and suggest a type II band alignment in some cases for SixGe1−x/SiyGe1−y heterostructures on Ge(100).


The features of some radar signals with a double orthogonal polarization are considered. The radiated signals are formed by modulation of their polarization parameters. Some of these potential properties and the procedure of estimating some elements of a dispersion matrix (DM) of an object after the orthogonal components of such signal have been compressed.


Revenue-Sharing(RS) contract is a kind of mechanism to improve the performance of supply chain(SC).considering that a supplier or a retailer has risk-averse preferences,this paper proposed a model of an SC contract aimed at coordinating a two-level SC,which is based on revenue sharing mechanism,and the customer demand is stochastic.Then by analyzing the model,this paper explained that how the risk-averse preferences of the supplier and the retailer influenced the optimal order quantity,the optimal wholesale price,and the quota of the revenue sharing and SC coordination.The result shows,if the risk-aversion of the retailer(or the supplier) can be controlled within the specific limits,the RS contract also can coordinate SC by tuning its parameters.


eu-trophication and the body characteristics of the pellet producer. This study aims to clarify the morphological characteristics of the fecal pellet and the body characteristics of the mussel in relation to the pellet sinking rate. Sinking rates of fecal pellets were 850–7,360 times as fast as that of detritus. A pellet of greater width produced by a heavier mussel tended to sink more quickly.


This article mainly from two aspects of theory and examples of using the method of close shot photogrammetry measurement and characterization of three-dimensional surface of rock mass structure characteristics are analyzed and the research.To change the traditional way of monitoring rock mass,the digital close shot photogrammetry technology applied to practical production operation,implementation of information management of production safety of rock mass materials and experience accumulated.


Experimental validation of novel network solutions, protocols, and applications gains increasing importance. The complexity of today's network systems makes evaluations in physical testbeds mandatory to capture real-world effects. However, this causes methodological and technical issues and challenges researchers in handling their agile testbed deployments. In contrast to Internet-scale testbeds, most agile experiments require specific topologies, specialized hardware, or a custom environment. They typically run only a few times and demand live user interaction. Existing management systems for Internet-scale testbeds do not accommodate these needs due to their complexity and maintenance overhead. In this paper, we present TPy, a lightweight and flexible framework to conduct distributed network experiments. TPy is written in Python and extendable via modules. To demonstrate its versatility and ease-of-use, we use TPy to perform experiments in the domains of millimeter-wave and secure multi-hop communications. We share TPy as open source software to support the community of experimental evaluation.


This paper investigates the calculation of circuit breaker transient recovery voltages for the Vietnam 500 kV power system. Several events that can produce high transient recovery voltage levels on the 500 kV line breakers are studied, such as three-phase-to-ground, phase-to-phase grounded, phase-to-phase ungrounded and phase-to-ground fault clearing. The series capacitors protected by varistors, used on the Vietnam 500 kV system, play an important role to increase the TRVs across line circuit breakers when clearing fault currents. The influence of fault location on TRV is investigated. Several measures in order to reduce the TRVs are examined.


Neutral red is taken up by living cells, isolated into cytoplasmic inclusions, and excreted after some time to leave the cell apparently as it was before exposure to the dye (25). Too much of it causes the death of cells or of animals. The mechanism by which tolerable amounts are segregated by the cell, and then excreted, has been the subject of controversy since the phenomenon was first observed. On the one hand, segregation might occur within preexisting structures ; on the other hand, the presence of the dye might cause the development of new cell structures; or both mechanisms may be involved. Neutral red segregation by the pancreatic acinar cell is of special interest because neutral red inclusions have been extensively studied in The present study represents an attempt to visualize neutral red inclusions with the electron microscope in order to study the relationships, if any, of these structures to well defined cytoplasmic organelles. The animals used in the present experiments were Swiss albino mice. The pancreas was the principal organ studied; in addition, observations were made on the kidney. The experiment performed by Morgan (25) was repeated. In it, mice are injected subcutaneously with an "optimal" amount of an aqueous solution of neutral red, an amount which causes the appearance in the pancreatic acinar cell of neutral red inclusions which gradually increase in size and number, reach a peak, and then slowly disappear. In the present study, observations were made directly on fresh tissue, as well as on fixed tissue with the light and the electron microscope. It was found that neutral red, under the conditions of this experiment , is a cytoplasmic toxin, causing specific and reproducible pathology of the ergasto-plasm, the zymogen granules, the mitochrondria, and possibly the Golgi complex. Segregation occurs within pathologically modified mitochondria, in vacuoles containing the dye in relatively high concentration. The dye is finally excreted by the cell, and the cell returns to normal.


Background: Of a total of 180 countries in the world, Indonesia is ranked 116 in the EPI ranking. This paper describes the innovative design of a high-rise hotel building that carries a green building concept. which utilizes the outer wall area of the hotel building as an object in this study. Objective: The main design of this project is the creation of an innovative high-rise hotel building with attention to architectural, structural, and lighting system aspects as well as energy efficiency from direct sunlight, which will be processed into a source of electrical energy. Materials and Methods: Application of analysis through value engineering case studies and application of green building methods, with qualitative methods. This paper focuses on factors related to energy sources and environmental sustainability and calculates life cycle costs concerning case study designs. The goal is to reduce the use of electrical energy sources from PLN which have an impact on nature preservation, by carrying out the concept of environmentally friendly buildings, by utilizing the facade wall area with the application of Photovoltaic. Results: The results obtained a percentage of ≤ 6.21%, with the use of Photovoltaic material as much as 100%. Conclusion: The facades (east and west) generate ± 1,050 KVA of electricity from the Solar Power Plant and reduce the use of electricity from PLN by 991 KVA, out of a total of 2,041 KVA. It can be concluded that the decrease obtained is 47.32%.


This paper treats computer control of multijointed fingers. First, we discuss optimum operational direction of multijointed fingers. The direction is determined from motional structure of the fingers and is important in the control stage of arm part. second, general description about, software system is presented with primitive program:; to control hardware system. These have been implemented on the ETL object-handling system for manual industry. Third, experimental results of nut-turning task are, presented which verify the feasibility of manual task by computer control.


The degree of fiber dispersion greatly affects the mechanical and electrical properties of composite materials and a non-uniform fiber dispersion would result in the reduction of their properties. In addition, the quantitative evaluation of the fiber dispersion is important in understanding its influence on the mechanical and electrical properties of the composite materials. In the present paper, quantitative methods (e.g., image analysis and AC impedance spectroscopy) for the inspection of the fiber dispersion are reviewed, and their practices in literature are summarized.


This paper discusses aeromagnetic gradiometry techniques for fixed-wing survey aircraft and presents results. Some design criteria for airborne gradiometers are briefly noted and specifications for gradiometer surveys are discussed. The following horizontal gradiometry applications are outlined and are illustrated with examples: - Levelling of total field surveys without the use of tie lines. - The use of measured lateral gradient in the total field gridding process to achieve higher resolution of anomalies or alternatively, to enable increased line spacing without loss of resolution. - The identification of 2-D linear structures and their strike angles, on the basis of a single flight line and from these identifications, the formation of accurate estimates of vertical gradient leading in turn to accurate depth estimates using Werner deconvolution. This technique can be useful in the redesign or reorientation of a survey with very little flown data. - The use of directly measured longitudinal gradient to estimate diurnal variations of the total field during the time interval in which a survey line is flown. The first three of these horizontal gradiometry applications are shown to be effective, while the use of directly measured longitudinal gradient to track diurnals has not been successful and the reasons are illustrated. For vertical gradiometry, differences between directly measured vertical gradient and vertical gradient calculated from gridded total field, are discussed with examples. Based on data available, it is concluded that directly measured vertical gradient does not provide better resolution and may, in fact, introduce artefacts. I conclude that a lateral gradiometer offers advantages that are complementary to a total field survey, while a vertical gradiometer, which is more difficult to implement, does not.


The name Susan Howe has, over the last two decades, rapidly become a fierce presence on the contemporary poetry scene. Stimulating the reader's senses with her visual and verbal play, her radical and difficult experimentalism marks a significant effort to explore and interrogate the margins of literary history. My interest in Susan Howe's work shares the concern, articulated by Stephen Greenblatt, that 'new literary histories' poised to find a place for marginalised subjects 'should do more than put them on the map; they should transform the act of mapmaking.' My analysis of Howe's poetry is guided by questions of how to produce these maps-these new forms of historical writing. More specifically, I am interested in the ways in which she utilises the poetic medium as a way towards a recovery of narratives that have been stifled by dominant narrative forms.


The effects of reactive compatibilizer and processing temperature on the morphology and the mechanical properties at the weld line of 60/40 (wt/wt) poly- carbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer blends were investigated. Amine functionalized styrene/n-phenyl maleimide/maleic anhydride terpolymer (amine-SPMIMA) was used as the in-situ reactive compatibilizer for PC/ABS blend. Weld tensile strength increased as the content of amine-SPMIMA was increased. Weld impact strength showed maximum value for the blend containing about 3% amine-SPMIMA. The variation in the mechanical property at the weld line was correlated with the change in the morphology of the blend. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008


The aim of this thesis is, based on theoretical approaches to research problems and by analyzing the recruitment of Prima Bank of Slovakia and Slovakia UnicreditBank , to reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the system and to propose possibilities for their improvement. Theoretical approaches to the issue of recruitment are presented in the context of human resources management in the organization. Practical analysis focuses on inter-comparison of recruitment in Prima Bank of Slovakia and Slovakia UniCredit Bank Slovakia in terms of different phases of the selection process, applied principles, used used and methods of choice


In this study, The author choose Taiwan stock market as the research market, mainly discuss about whether can use the function of well denoising of wavelet analysis in investment securities. Due to the problem of fake trading signal by using technical analysis, therefore, the investor who use technical analysis can easily make a wrong diagnosis about the deal timing of long strategy and short strategy and also loss. By using the function of denoising of wavelet analysis, that will eliminate the high frequency signal (white noise) which is a fake signal. To improve the accuracy of the deal timing of long strategy and short strategy by investors who are using technical analysis.
In this study, the research is based on long strategy and short strategy by simple moving average. After having confirmed that use wavelet analysis can significantly improve investment performance, further use taguchi method to find out the number of days of optimal short-term or medium-termâs simple moving average which is under Taiwan's stock market, to make the maximize of return in practice.
i¼1i¼Use wavelet analysis can significantly improve investment performance which is
based on long strategy and short strategy by simple moving average.
i¼2i¼Use taguchi method to find out the number of days of optimal short-term or
medium-termâs simple moving average.
i¼3i¼Use statistics can find the interval of Taiwan weighted index that can achieve the
most return on investment.
i¼4i¼In the framework of this study into investment methods, ETFâs i¼Exchange
Traded Fundsi¼overall investment performance is better than other individual stocks.


In order to study the twofold properties of broad and narrow filter doped with 1-D photonic crystal , the peak transmissivity and full width at half maximum(FWHM) were calculated based on the transfer matrix. It was found that when the refractive index is increased the narrow band' s peak transmissivity is invariable and the FWHM is increased, the broad band' s transmissivity of the edge of the peak is increased and the FWHM is decreased. When the extinction coefficient is increased the narrow band' s peak is decreased rapidly and the broad band' s peak is decreased rapidly before decreased adagio, the FWHM is increased. A valuable conclusion is drawn that the refractive index is choice with different demand of the design of a twofold phonic crystal filter and the absorption of dopant has to be taken into account for the design of the twofold phonic crystal filter.


Metadiscourse refers to aspects of a text which explicitly organize the discourse, engage the audience and signal the writer's attitude. This paper, first of all, explains the concept of metadiscourse, then discusses its function in contextualizing the discourse in which it occurs. It holds that metadiscourse carries some pragmatic information, which is very important for the speaker to reveal his intention and fulfil his communication task.


The diet habits of Allactaga sibirica which inhibited in the continuous grazing plots and rotational grazing plots of Stipa breviflora steppe were studied using the identification method of rodent stomach content histology.The results showed that: 1.Allactaga sibirica is an omnivorous rodent mainly foraging plant food,which has a strong preference for the plant food,the grazing systems has no obvious influence on this characteristic.The similarity index of the plant food composition of Allactaga sibirica in the continuous grazing plots and rotational grazing plots of Stipa breviflora steppe was 0.71 ~ 0.88.The most frequently grazed three kinds of plants were Artemisia frigida,Cleistogenes songorica and Kochia prostrate.2.At the time of poor vegetation conditions,continuous grazing will lead to Allactaga sibirica dig and eat more plant roots,and increase the danger of the grassland.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the market-based asset framework by examining the role of marketing process improvements in the relationship between a buyer firm's supplier-related activities and its performance. Design/methodology/approach – Interviews with executives who were involved in supplier development were conducted to learn more about supplier development and to help in the development of the survey constructs. A self-report survey was then developed online to collect data for the study. In total, 338 executives responded and partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses developed in the study. Findings – Marketing process improvements were found to mediate the relationship between a firm's supplier development efforts and firm performance, thus providing empirical support for the market-based asset framework. The study also found that a firm's supplier development activities can lead to improvements in its marketing processes. Originalit...


The temperature dependence of the equilibrium concentration of vacancies is found for an incommensurate grain boundary where these vacancies form as a result of «crumbling out» of atoms. A detailed analysis is made of a boundary in which there is a periodic motif along one direction whereas in the perpendicular direction the lattice periods of the grains in contacts are incommensurate. Expressions for the self-diffusion of vacancies along and perpendicular to the incommensurate direction are obtained for such a boundary. It is shown that a grain boundary of this kind is anisotropic in respect of the self-diffusion process. The principal values of the diffusion tensor are characterized by different activation energies and different frequency factors


Psychometric analyses of rating scales and other clinical assessment instruments have mainly concen trated on depressive disorders. The increasing interest in treatment trials in anxiety disorders is confronted with a relative lack of knowledge of the validity of anxiety scales in panic disorders as well as in the overlap of anxiety and depression disorders. Thus, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) was initially constructed for primary depress ive disorders (Hamilton, 1960) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HRSA) was construc ted for patients with anxiety neuroses (Hamilton, 1969). The objectives of the study reported here were to evaluate varieties of construct validity (by use of factor analysis and latent structure analysis), concurrent validity (convergent versus discriminant validity), and the predictive validity (concerning response to treatment) of rating scales that have been included in a cross-national collaborative panic study. This collaborative study is a worldwide multicentre investi gation in which the clinical effects of imipramine and alprazolam have been compared with placebo in a double-blind technique on patients with panic disorders. The rating scales examined in this paper are the HRSD, the HRSA, and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL-90; Guy, 1976). It was hypothesised that these scales contained dimensions which would measure severity of depression (a subscale of the HRSD; Bech et a!, 1981), severity of generalised anxiety (a subscale of the HRSA; Maier eta!, 1988a), and severity of discomfort or quality of life (a subscale of the SCL—90;Bech, 1990). Furthermore, the work reported here aimed to evaluate the concurrent validity of the various subscales of the Hamilton scales and SCL-90 to investigate their ability to differentiate depression from anxiety and discomfort. Finally, a dynamic aspect of validity has been tested, namely the predictive validity of the depression factor of the HRSD. It was hypothesised that patients who at baseline were classified as having a clinical depression score would have higher imipramine placebo differences than patients without depression, to confirm that imipramine is an antidepressant.


A basic problem in archaeological research is determining site size and structure. In this paper we develop an approach that sequentially employs several survey techniques, including aerial photography, magnetic gradiometry, magnetic susceptibility, and shovel testing in the context of the Wildcat site (33My499), a Fort Ancient habitation site located near Dayton, Ohio. Defining site size and structure was a challenge at Wildcat since it is located in an agricultural field that has not been plowed for many years. Magnetic susceptibility and close-interval shovel testing worked well to define the basic site structure, and magnetic gradiometry and targeted magnetic anomaly excavations efficiently revealed a series of features. Alone, each of the methods produced somewhat misleading data regarding site size and structure, but together they revealed a much smaller site than originally anticipated.


Both ceritinib (CER) and programmed cell death (PD)‐1/PD ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) have brought significant breakthroughs for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the overall clinical efficacy of either CER or PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor monotherapy has been limited to a large extent. In addition, the antitumor effect of combined CER and PD‐L1 inhibitor in ALK‐rearranged NSCLC is not fully understood. In H2228 cells, we examined the tumor killing effect of CER plus PD‐L1 inhibitor in vitro by quantitative RT‐PCR, flow cytometry, ELISA, western blot analysis, PBMC coculture system, and plasmid and transfection experiments. A Ba/F3 (EML4‐ALK‐WT) xenograft mouse model was also utilized to further evaluate the synergistic anticancer effects of CER and PD‐L1 inhibitor in vivo. The coculture system of PBMCs with H2228 cells promotes the expression of PD‐L1 and phospho‐ERK, and combined treatments facilitate lymphocyte proliferation and activation, inhibit PD‐L1 expression, and enhance lymphocyte cytotoxicity and cell death. In the in vivo NSCLC xenograft model, the volumes of tumors treated with CER and PD‐L1 inhibitor in combination were significantly smaller than those treated with CER or PD‐L1 alone. The relative tumor growth inhibitions were 84.9%, 20.0%, and 91.9% for CER, PD‐L1 inhibitor, and CER plus PD‐L1 groups, respectively. Ceritinib could synergize with PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade to yield enhanced antitumor responses along with favorable tolerability of adverse effects. Ceritinib and PD‐L1 inhibitor combined produced a synergistic antineoplastic efficacy in vitro and in vivo, which provides a key insight and proof of principle for evaluating CER plus PD‐L1 blockade as combination therapy in clinical therapeutic practice.


Abstract syntax trees (ASTs) are known from compiler construction where they build the intermediate data format which is passed from the analytic front-end to the synthetic back-end. In model driven software development ASTs are used as a model of the source code. The object management group (OMG) has issued a request for proposals for AST models. Various levels of abstraction can be introduced. ASTs can be used for program analysis and for program transformation. In this paper we present an eclipse based representation framework for ASTs.


The present invention relates to a CO_2 injection controlling method and apparatus comprising: a CO_2 supply unit for supplying CO_2, which is stored in a CO_2 tank, into an injection tube connected to an endoscope; an injection button provided at the injection tube to be opened and closed, and controlling the supply of CO_2 into the human body through the injection tube; a pressure sensor for sensing the injection pressure of CO_2 supplied through the injection tube; a storage unit for storing the injection pressure and the injection flow at an injection mode in which CO_2 is injected into the injection tube since the injection button is closed, the atmospheric pressure and the atmospheric flow at a atmospheric mode in which CO_2 is released into the atmosphere since the injection button is opened, the injection pressure at a first transition mode when the injection mode is converted into the atmospheric mode, and the injection pressure at a second transition mode when the atmospheric mode is converted into the injection mode, separately; and a controller for controlling the CO_2 supply unit to supply CO_2 at the atmospheric pressure and the atmospheric flow if the injection pressure at the first transition mode is sensed by the pressure sensor, and controlling the CO_2 supply unit to supply CO_2 at the injection pressure and the injection flow if the injection pressure at the second transition mode is sensed by the pressure sensor.


Application of in-situ technique allows for fabrication of composite zone in the casting with a matrix of cast steel with low carbon content. The reinforcing phase in the composite zone is titanium carbide, produced by the synthesis of substrates introduced into the mould in the form of pressed compacts. Metallographic studies were performed in order to determine of homogeneity of composite zones and characteristic features existed in transition area between the composite zone and core of the casting. The transition areas of composites zone were blurred and there were no discontinuities caused by poor bonding between the composite zone and the core of the casting. To confirm the correct run of the TiC synthesis, phase analysis was performed of the base alloy as well as composite zone. The results of this examination indicated that there were two phases in composite zone, i.e. α Fe and TiC and only α Fe was observed in base alloy. Changes of mechanical properties in the composite zone were examined, measuring its hardness HV. The average hardness values of the base alloy and composite zone were 175 ± 4 and 696 ± 201 HV, respectively.


Distribution of economic activity in a government are very important. This is because the distribution itself became an objective of fiscal policy in a government with a form of taxation (taxes are both individual and corporate taxes). When talking about economic activity in the distribution, of course, will talk about the concept of "economy" that "offered" by the Islamic. Looking at how Islam introduced the concept of equitable distribution of wealth of the country through the distribution, which is certainly not independent of the state revenue the teachings of Islamic Shariah, such as waris, sadaqah, zakat and waqf.


There are a large number of ethnic minorities in China, and it is a harmonious development of multi-ethnic groups. The Yao nationality in Guangdong has a long history and a distinctive national culture, and its folk dance has attracted much attention. To do a good job in the transmission of Yao dance is conducive to the development and inheritance of its national culture. This paper from four aspects as follows: the development history of Yao dance in Guangdong, heritage value, creative situation and creative development, will make a brief summary and put forward some suggestions to inherit the Yao dance.


In the present in vivo study the stabilities of the thrombin-hirudin and thrombin-antithrombin III complexes were investigated. After incubation of the complexes with free inhibitors the thrombin-antithrombin III levels were determined by ELISA. The thrombin-hirudin complex proved to be stable in the presence of antithrombin III or heparin. However, in the presence of heparin and plasma equivalent concentrations of antithrombin III, the thrombin-hirudin comples dissociated and was displaced. In contrast, both thrombin-antithrombin III and thrombin-antithrombin-III/heparin complexes are very stable even in the presence of a large excess of hirudin.


We explore two characteristic features of x-ray computed tomography inversion formulas in two and three dimensions that are dependent on $\pi$-lines. In such formulas the data from a given source position contribute only to the reconstruction of $f(\mathbf{x})$ for $\mathbf{x}$ in a certain region, called the region of backprojection. The second characteristic is a certain small artifact in the reconstruction called a comet tail artifact. We propose that the comet tail artifact is closely related to the boundary of the region of backprojection and make this relationship precise, developing a general theory of the region of backprojection, its boundary, and the location of the artifact in helical and fan-beam tomography. This theory is applied to a number of specific examples and confirmed by numerical experiments. Furthermore it is demonstrated that a strong comet tail artifact appears in numerical reconstructions from misaligned fan-beam data. A numerical method for using the artifact to find the correct...


Learning to act in a multiagent environment is a challenging problem. Optimal behavior for one agent depends upon the behavior of the other agents, which are learning as well. Multiagent environments are therefore non-stationary, violating the traditional assumption underlying single-agent learning. In addition, agents in complex tasks may have limitations, such as physical constraints or designer-imposed approximations of the task that make learning tractable. Limitations prevent agents from acting optimally, which complicates the already challenging problem. A learning agent must effectively compensate for its own limitations while exploiting the limitations of the other agents. My thesis research focuses on these two challenges, namely multiagent learning and limitations, and includes four main contributions.
First, the thesis introduces the novel concepts of a variable learning rate and the WoLF (Win or Learn Fast) principle to account for other learning agents. The WoLF principle is capable of making rational learning algorithms converge to optimal policies, and by doing so achieves two properties, rationality and convergence, which had not been achieved by previous techniques. The converging effect of WoLF is proven for a class of matrix games, and demonstrated empirically for a wide-range of stochastic games.
Second, the thesis contributes an analysis of the effect of limitations on the game-theoretic concept of Nash equilibria. The existence of equilibria is important if multiagent learning techniques, which often depend on the concept, are to be applied to realistic problems where limitations are unavoidable. The thesis introduces a general model for the effect of limitations on agent behavior, which is used to analyze the resulting impact on equilibria. The thesis shows that equilibria do exist for a few restricted classes of games and limitations, but even well-behaved limitations do not preserve the existence of equilibria, in general.
Third, the thesis introduces GraWoLF, a general-purpose, scalable, multiagent learning algorithm. GraWoLF combines policy gradient learning techniques with the WoLF variable learning rate. The effectiveness of the learning algorithm is demonstrated in both a card game with an intractably large state space, and an adversarial robot task. These two tasks are complex and agent limitations are prevalent in both.
Fourth, the thesis describes the CMDragons robot soccer team strategy for adapting to an unknown opponent. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)


According to FAO, "agricultural sectors are particularly exposed to the effects of climate change and increases climate variability". As a result, the study makes an attempt to answer the question: Is there a causal effect between agricultural production and carbon dioxide emissions in Ghana? By employing a time series data spanning from 1960 to 2015 using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag method. There was evidence of a long-run equilibrium relationship running from copra production, corn production, green coffee production, milled rice production, millet production, palm kernel production and sorghum production to carbon dioxide emissions. The short-run equilibrium relationship shows that, a 1% increase in copra and green coffee production will increase carbon dioxide emissions by 0.22% and 0.03%, a 1% increase in millet and sorghum production will decrease carbon dioxide emissions by 0.13% and 0.11% in the short-run while a 31% of future fluctuations in carbon dioxide emissions are due to shocks in corn production. There was bidirectional causality between milled rice production and carbon dioxide emissions, millet production and carbon dioxide emissions and, sorghum production and carbon dioxide emissions; and a unidirectional causality running from corn production to carbon dioxide emissions and carbon dioxide emissions to palm kernel production. the impact of change adaptation. into the production of drought-tolerant crops, change in the management of crops and fisheries, management of pests and diseases, management of moisture and irrigation, fire management practices in crop production, extension and training of farmers.


The initial stage of atomic layer deposition of HfO2, ZrO2, and Al2O3 high-k films, i.e., the decomposition of HfCl4, ZrCl4, and Al(CH3)3 precursor molecules on an OH-terminated SiO2 surface, is investigated within density functional theory. The energy barriers are determined using artificial activation of vibrational normal modes. For all precursors, reaction proceeds through the formation of intermediate complexes that have equivalent formation energies (∼−0.45 eV), and results in HCl and CH4 formation with activation energies of 0.88, 0.91, and 1.04 eV for Hf, Zr, and Al based precursors, respectively. The reaction product of Al(CH3)3 decomposition is found to be more stable (by −1.45 eV) than the chemisorbed intermediate complex compared to the endothermic decomposition of HfCl4 and ZrCl4 chemisorbed precursors (0.26 and 0.29 eV, respectively).


The concept and composition of logistics chain and its capacity of society is analyzed. The logistics network and the society transportation network consists a super net work. And the calculation method of logistics chain is presented that the logistics chain capacity is considered that it can be measured by "quantity" and "time". The quantity of logistics chain capacity depends on the minimum quantity part in a logistics chain. The time capacity of logistics chain depends on the maximum value of time loss penalty. Finally, some conclusions are obtained.


Books Reviewed: D. Lewis (ed.), Whistleblowing at Work Anne McBride, Gender Democracy in Trade Unions Ralph Darlington and Dave Lyddon, Glorious Summer: Class Struggle In Britain 1972


This article expores the implications of Agamben's refinement of Foucault's thesis concerning the positivity of power or the positive, concrete and micropolitical ways power produces subjects of form and life. Agamben argues both that the inclusion of bare life within the political realm is not simply a modern phenomenon but constitutes the original, if unconcealed, source of sovereign power, and that classical and modern politics are constituted through a structure of exception that simultaneously includes and excludes bare life from the political order. Juridico-political space is organized by the constitution of a zone of indiscernibility between inside and outside (the state of exception), but the problem of politics today, as symbolized by the Holocaust, is that the state of exception has become a place, or nomos which functions within and in place of the normal political order. For, in the camp, transition is made to an absolute biopolitical space where the critical relation between fact and law, exception and rule, and inside and outside that determine the concept of the political decision can no longer be sustained. The challenge that Ambagen presents to us is to imagine a politics that takes us beyond the decision on life as the ground of value. Following Foucault and Derrida, I concentrate on literature as a style of thought that offers us a radically impersonal or post-human position from which to contemplate being irreducible to the intention of the speaking or questioning subject and which cannot be situated within the anthropological fold that predicates man as the ground of being. Having examined the strengths and limitations of their readings of literary language, the article concludes by reflecting on Deleuze's work on literature as an inhuman and affective force that provides a privileged viewpoint for the construction of subjectivities and ideological statements. These reflections are developed through an analysis of 'political correctness' as a type of subjective becoming and a form of moral style in the fiction of Philip Roth.


IN THE EARLY 1760s BENJAMIN FRANKLIN CONFIDED TO HIS FRIEND, THE Scottish philosopher and jurist, Lord Kames, that for nearly 30 years he had had in preparation a book on ethics. "'Tis not a mere ideal Work," Franklin assured Kames, by which he meant that it was not a mere dream. "I plann'd it first in 1732," Franklin revealed, and since then "made Experiments of the Method, with Success. The Materials have been growing ever since; the Form only is now to be given," a task that Franklin expected to be able to complete in short order.' Franklin explained to Kames that the projected book was intended "for the Benefit of Youth" and was to be called The Art of Virtue. The object of the work was practical: to show those who wanted to be good how to achieve their goal. Many people, Franklin told Kames, "lead bad lives that would gladly lead good ones, but know not how to make the Change." They frequently have "resolv'd and endeavour'd it; but in vain, because their Endeavours have not been properly conducted." What is the use of exhortation to virtue, Franklin asked, when people are not shown "how they shall become S0."2 Virtue is an art, Franklin maintained, as much as painting, architecture, or navigation. If a person wants to become a painter, a navigator, or an architect, it is not enough simply to be "advised to be one," or to be "convinc'd" by the arguments of an adviser that it would be advantageous to be one, or even to "resolve" to be one. One must learn "the Principles of the Art, be shewn all the Methods of Working, and how to acquire the


Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a serious coronary heart disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate. The prognosis and the occurrence of adverse events vary according to the degree of vascular disease in patients with ACS. Early identification of high-risk groups therefore plays an important role in clinical management. Risk scoring tools are widely used in clinical practice, focus on converting specific prognostic factors into risk indices and then combining them with logistic regression to make predictions. These methods focus well on statistical correlations in the data, but ignore the instability associated with differences in the distribution of data in real data sets and also lack a focus on treatment information in the context of the disease. To address these issues, this paper proposes a model for predicting the risk of death in ACS based on feature interaction and re-weighting (i.e. FIFR Stable-Net). The model is able to take into account differences in the distribution of data features, and enhances feature learning by re-weighting risk features to reduce the impact of differences in the distribution of patient feature, thereby enhancing model stability. In addition, the model incorporates treatment features such as patient medication and applies an attention-based mechanism of feature interaction to obtain a more informative feature representation for the ACS mortality risk prediction task. To illustrate the effectiveness of the FIFR Stable-Net, we evaluated our method on a real dataset of ACS patients and compared it experimentally with the baseline models. The results showed that our model outperformed other models in terms of AUC and other assessment metrics, and AUC can reach up to 91.57%.


Treatment of (eta-C5Me5)Ta(PMe3)(H)2(eta-2-CHPMe2) (1) with tertiary phosphines and phosphites leads to an equilibrium mixture of 1 and (eta-C5Me5)Ta(PR3)(H)2(eta-2-CHPMe2) (3a-d). Equilibrium constants, determined in benzene, are less than unity and decrease in the order PMe2Ph almost-equal-to P(OMe)3 > PEt3 > PMePh2 > P(OPh)3. 1 reacts with dmpe to give the adduct (eta-C5Me5)Ta(eta-1-dmpe)(H)2(eta-2-CHPMe2) (4) followed by (eta-C5Me5)Ta(dmpe)(H)(eta-2-CH2PMe2) (5) arising by a metal --> carbon hydrogen migration. Carbon monoxide reacts with 1 to give a mixture of (eta-C5Me5)Ta(CO)2(PMe3)2 (6) and (eta-C5Me5)Ta(CO)3(PMe3) (7), while dihydrogen reacts to give (eta-C5Me5)Ta(PMe3)2H4 (8). Treatment of 1 with 1 equiv of MeX (X = Cl, Br, I) affords (eta-C5Me5)Ta(PMe3)(H)(X)(eta-2-CHPMe2) (9a-c) and treatment with excess MeX, (eta-C5Me5)Ta(X)2(eta-2-CHPMe2) (11a-c). A comparison of the bonding in (eta-C5Me5)NbCl2(eta-2-CHPMe2) with that in (eta-C5Me5)NbCl2(HC = CH) using Fenske-Hall quantum chemical calculations suggests that the eta-2-CHPMe2 ligand is best described as a phosphinocarbene rather than a phosphaalkyne.


Osteoporosis literally means porous bone. The medical community defines osteoporosis as a skeletal disorder in which bone strength is reduced as a result of loss of bone mass and through the deterioration of the bone architecture. The consequence of these changes is an increased fracture risk. No work has been carried out previously on this Anubhuta formulation . Hence an attempt has been made to study Ashwagandhadi vati by pharmacognostical, physico-chemical parameters and to develop HPTLC (High-Performance Thin Layer chromatography study) fingerprints of the compound formulation of Ashwagandhadi vati. Pharmacognostical work shows that presence of Lignified fibres through medullary rays of Ashwagandha, Border pitted vessel of Ashwagandha, Brown contant of Mandukaparni, Crystaline matirials of Shilajitu, Physico-chemical parameters shows that Ash value percentage4.8 % w/w, Loss on drying percentage2.61 % w/w and Water soluable extract percentage 0.246 % w/w. On performing HPTLC, the chromatogram of Ashwagandhadi vati showed 9 (nine) spotss at short waveUV 254nm; while at long wave UV 366 nm, the chromatogram showed 5 (Five) spots.


Abstract Ferrocenylfluorophosphinic acid (η5-C5H5)Fe(η5-C5H4POH(O)F), ferrocenyldifluorophosphine oxide (η5-C5H5)Fe(η5-C5H4POF2) and ferrocenyltetrafluorophosphorane (η5-C5H5)Fe(η5-C5H4PF4) are prepared from the reaction of ferrocene with PF5 in CH2Cl2 and are characterized by proton, carbon, fluorine and phosphorus resonance spectra.


In this paper, we study the following recently proposed semi‐random graph process: starting with an empty graph on n vertices, the process proceeds in rounds, where in each round we are given a uniformly random vertex v, and must immediately (in an online manner) add to our graph an edge incident with v. The end goal is to make the constructed graph satisfy some predetermined monotone graph property. Alon asked whether every given bounded‐degree spanning graph can be constructed with high probability in O(n) rounds. We answer this question positively in a strong sense, showing that any n‐vertex graph with maximum degree Δ can be constructed with high probability in (3Δ/2+o(Δ))n rounds. This is tight up to a multiplicative factor of 3+oΔ(1) . We also obtain tight bounds for the number of rounds necessary to embed bounded‐degree spanning trees, and consider a nonadaptive variant of this setting.


The experiments of the pinned photodiode complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors irradiated by 60Co <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> rays, neutrons, and protons are presented. The CMOS image sensors are manufactured using a standard 0.18-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS technology with 4 MP. The fixed pattern noise (FPN) and temporal noise versus the total doses at different dose rates are analyzed. The FPN and temporal noise degradations induced by 60Co <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> rays with different biased conditions are compared. The FPN and temporal noise degradations induced by displacement damage are also investigated by proton and neutron radiation. The degradation mechanisms of the FPN and temporal noise induced by 60Co <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> ray, neutron, and proton radiation are analyzed.


Purpose: Honey is the oldest sweetener and health food with a rich his- tory as a wound healing agent since the times of ancient civilisations ever since the Egyptians in 5500 BC. With modern studies continuing to prove its clinical ef fi cacy, a literature review is performed to assess honey as a wound care agent in the current COVID-19 pandemic era. Method: A literature review was performed on MEDLINE on ' honey ' and ' wound healing ' . Result: A total of 261 articles were reviewed. Results describing the history of honey as a wound healing agent were collated. Studies comparing honey versus other dressings were analysed, as well as studies in the last 3 years describing novel uses of honey as a biomaterial. Discussion: Honey has been used in various ancient civilisations as a medicinal product. It has a well-established pharmacological basis as a wound healing agent with antibacterial and anti-in fl ammatory properties. It has been used for a wide range of acute and chronic wounds, supported by several meta-analyses. Honey has debridement effect on wound surfaces and it is associated with decreased pain during dressing changes and short- ened time of wound healing. Recent studies have also demonstrated its effects as an immunomodulator and honey is also investigated as a biomate- rial with focus on easier application. Conclusion: Honey is an extensively researched wound healing agent. It has potential to resurface as a simple, effective wound care agent in the COVID-19 pandemic era where clinicians are anticipated to review an increased number of chronic wounds. With a higher percentage of patients requiring isolation, honey has a great advantage in its application frequency and ease of use. Civiale compared his data of 257 patients with 5715 lithotomies from all over Europe. Through this, he demonstrated his remarkable 2.3% mortality rate versus the 20% of lithot- omy. The Académie responded with a landmark report on the use of statis-tics in medicine that remains relevant to this day. Through Civiale, this paper explores not just the advent of lithotrity but also the very foundations of minimally invasive surgery and evidence-based medicine as we know them today. The use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has become routine and readily available for the management of both simple and complex wounds. While a seemingly modern invention, a long history precedes the current appli- cation and design of vacuum dressings. The use of cupping to provide negative pressure was fi rst documented around 1500 BC in the Ebers Papyrus, and evi- dence of their use also recorded in 1000 BC in China for open wounds and to remove the ' Yang ' . Following the progression of negative pressure application to a more modern report, the use of a suction cups to remove infectious mate-rials from tuberculosis lesions was documented in the early 19th century. Russian physicians fi rst reported the use of wall suction for management of postoperative exudate in 1947, also including a gauze interface between suc- tion and the wound bed. The designs and applications are described through the centuries, culminating in modern-day negative pressure wound therapy devices commonly termed ' vac dressings ' . By documenting the progression of these devices and applications, an appreciation of the ingenuity of our prede- cessors can be gained, as well as an understanding of how each innovative step has led to modern day available devices. management and the current COVID-19 pandemic. The surgical and medical management of urological disease emerged from within the ayurvedic teachings of Ancient India from as early as the Vedic period (1500 – 500 BC). It is from Atharva Veda; one of the four key reli- gious texts of the time and the ' youngest ' Veda that the earliest recorded references to the specialty of urology can be found. While its ' treatment ' of urinary Blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI) results from an acceleration-deceleration force applied to a relatively mobile aortic arch into the comparatively fi xed thoracic aorta. Graded on the severity of thoracic aortic injury, clinical practice guidelines recommend thoracic endografting for grade II through IV BTAIs, with grade I injuries managed conservatively. The development of the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube represents a clinical rarity, being fi rst deployed in a newborn infant prior to adult and animal trials. Today PEG tubes represent a safe, uncomplicated


The study analyzed operator feedback methods of four guidance systems used on agricultural spraying vehicles. One system was the traditional foam marker and the three others were GPS guidance systems, manufactured by Trimble, Satloc®, and Cultiva. Twenty-one drivers participated in this study and ran four tests over a 244 m course. An RTK GPS system provided horizontal center positioning data accurate to within a centimeter. Using the center positioning data, areas of overlap and skip were found using ArcViewTM 3.2. In addition, positional error terms of maximum deviation, average maximum deviation, RMS, average, starting, and ending deviation were found. After completing the tests, drivers answered questions regarding the systems. The data set as a whole provided a means for determining differences between guidance systems, evaluating if effects of driver and system explained positional errors, and which systems did the drivers prefer. Results of overlap and skip were analyzed to determine if differences existed between guidance systems, GPS guidance systems, speeds of high and low, and passes. Analyzing overlap for systems found that GPS systems differed from foam at the 0.05 alpha level, and that systems did not differ for skip. Mean values indicated that foam was higher than GPS guidance systems for both overlap and skip. GPS guidance systems did not differ for overlap and skip at the 0.05 alpha level. Mean values indicated that Cultiva had higher means followed by Satloc and Trimble respectively. Speeds of high and low did not differ for overlap and skip at the 0.05 alpha level. Plots of passes on a per driver


The role of probability theory as a subdiscipline of analysis up to the first decades of 20th century is discussed.


The October-December 1992 issue of Vikalpa had carried a Perspectives feature on the topic: "Management Education: Yesterday, To-day and To-morrow" wherein we had published four contributions on the theme by Samuel Paul, Joe Philip, J K Satia and N R Sheth. In this issue, we carry a response on their contributions. Readers are welcome to contribute to this feature on any interesting topics covered in Vikalpa.


Event-based camera (EBC) technology provides high-dynamic range operation and shows promise for efficient capture of spatio-temporal information, producing a sparse data stream and enabling consideration of nontraditional data processing solutions (e.g., new algorithms, neuromorphic processors, etc.). Given the fundamental difference in camera architecture, the EBC response and noise behavior differ considerably compared to standard CCD/CMOS framing sensors. These differences necessitate the development of new characterization techniques and sensor models to evaluate hardware performance and elucidate the trade-space between the two camera architectures. Laboratory characterization techniques reported previously include noise level as a function of static scene light level (background activity) and contrast responses referred to as S-curves. Here we present further progress on development of basic characterization methods and test capabilities for commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) visible EBCs, with a focus on measurement of pixel deadtime (refractory period) including results for the 4th-generation sensor from Prophesee and Sony. Refractory period is empirically determined from analysis of the interspike intervals (ISIs), and results visualized using log-histograms of the minimum per-pixel ISI values for a subset of pixels activated by a controlled dynamic scene. Our tests of the Prophesee gen4 EVKv2 yield refractory period estimates ranging from 6.1 msec to 6.8 μsec going from the slowest (20) to fastest (100) settings of the relevant bias parameter, bias_refr. We also introduce and demonstrate the concept of pixel bandwidth measurement from data captured while viewing a static scene – based on recording data at a range of refractory period setting and then analyzing noise-event statistics. Finally, we present initial results for estimating and correcting EBC clock drift using a GPS PPS signal to generate special timing events in the event-list data streams generated by the DAVIS346 and DVXplorer EBCs from iniVation.


Discussions at the inaugural meeting of a Trans-European Pedagogic Research Group for Anatomical Sciences highlighted the fact that there exist considerable variations in the legal and ethical frameworks throughout Europe concerning body bequests for anatomical examination. Such differences appear to reflect cultural and religious variations as well as different legal and constitutional frameworks. For example, there are different views concerning the "ownership" of cadavers and concerning the need (perceived by different societies and national politicians) for legislation specifically related to anatomical dissection. Furthermore, there are different views concerning the acceptability of using unclaimed bodies that have not given informed consent. Given that in Europe Eur J Anat, 12 (1): 1-24 (2008)


The solar spectrum conveys most of our diagnostics to find out how our star works. They must be understood for utilization, but solar spectrum formation is complex because the interaction of matter and radiation within the solar atmosphere suffers non-local control in space, wavelength, and time. These complexities are summarized and illustrated with classic


Abstract We study non-totally geodesic Lagrangian submanifolds of the nearly Kähler 𝕊3 × 𝕊3 for which the projection on the first component is nowhere of maximal rank. We show that this property can be expressed in terms of the so-called angle functions and that such Lagrangian submanifolds are closely related to minimal surfaces in 𝕊3. Indeed, starting from an arbitrary minimal surface, we can construct locally a large family of such Lagrangian immersions, including one exceptional example. We also show that locally all such Lagrangian submanifolds can be obtained in this way.


An information-processing device according to the present disclosure is provided with: an identification information storage unit for storing identification information which is set, in accordance with the downloaded of a schedule sharing application for sharing schedule information, from a server that manages the schedule information, the identification information corresponding to the downloaded schedule sharing application; and a transmission unit for transmitting the identification information and the schedule information to the server when registering the schedule information in the server in order to share the same with the terminals of other users.


In this work an alternative approach to estimate the Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves is used. This approach which uses point precipitation models recently proposed in the literature are used to obtain the IDF curves. This is based in the works of Rodriguez-Iturbe et al. (1987) and Burlando and Rosso (1989). The ability of these point models to represent extreme rainfall characteristics, when only daily records are available is also analyzed in this paper. This will greatly enhance the applicability of site specific IDF curves instead of using regionalized values which may not represent appropriately the rainfall characteristics at a specific site. The approach was applied to the historical records in Harris County, Texas.


The rediscovery of Begonia promethea Ridl. for the first time since its description in 1906 led to the discovery that the later described B. beccarii Warb. is synonymous with it and that it belongs in Begonia sect. Petermannia. It is a rare, endangered species known only from three localities, two locations from the Kuching Division, Sarawak, Malaysia and another one from West Kalimantan, Indonesia. A detailed, illustrated description and a distribution map of Begonia promethea are provided. We suggest an IUCN conservation category of EN B2ab(iii). Lectotypes for both names are designated.


America. The research and studies by D'Antonio, Dillon, and Gautier have made a significant contribution to the field, this book being the latest. American Catholics in Transition is as much about trends and the changing face of America as it is about Catholics. Sociologists, scholars in American Studies, gender studies, and ethnic studies will find this book loaded with rich detail and the analysis and interpretation to be compelling.


Summary By use of appropriate intermediates of the complement system, mouse serum has been shown to contain C'1, C'4, C'2 and the C'3 complex.


AbstractThe PI3K-PTEN-mTOR is one of the most important pathways involved in cancer development and progression; however, its role in keratoacanthoma (KA) is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the activation of key proteins in the PI3K-mTOR pathway in lip KA.We analyzed the activation of the PI3K-PTEN-mTOR pathway using human tumor samples stained for well-established protein markers in this pathway, including pS6 and pAKT phosphoproteins. We assessed proliferation using Ki-67 and performed additional morphological and immunohistochemical analysis using anti-PTEN and anti-p16 antibodies.We found that the majority of KA labeled to pS6 and not pAKT. PTEN expression was inversely correlated with Ki-67 expression. In addition to PTEN expression, KA cells were positive for p16Ink4 senescence marker.PI3K-PTEN-mTOR pathway is activated in lip KA, leading to downstream activation of mTORC1, but not mTORC2. This pathway plays an important role in KA progression by promoting proliferation and activation of oncogenic-induced senescence.


The DISTRIX operating system is a multiprocessor UNIX-like distributed operating system. It consists of a number of satellite processors connected to central servers. The system is based on the MINIX operating system, which is in turn based in UNIX Version 7. A remote procedure calling interface is used in conjunction with a system wide, end-to-end communications protocol that connects satellite processors to the central servers. A cached file server provides access to all files and devices at the UNIX system call level. The design of the file server is discussed in depth and the performance evaluated.


Electrodeposited thin films of n-CdSe were anodically polarized under white light illumination-in 0.01 M K{sub 4}[Fe(CN){sub 6}]/1.0 M KCl. The film mass increased parallel with anodic current flow as probed by combined linear sweep voltammetry/electrochemical quartz crystal microgravimetry measurements. This behavior contrasts with that observed for the parent 1.0 M KCl electrolyte wherein mass loss is observed because of photoanodic corrosion of n-CdSe. The mass increase in the present case is attributable to overlayer formation. Laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) identifies this overlayer to be K{sub 2}[CdFe(CN){sub 6}] by comparison with the cyanide stretching bands of authentic samples of this compound. The redox behavior of this overlayer was probed by cyclic voltammetry and in-situ LRS measurements on Cd films derivatized with the overlayer. A high surface area of the Cd layer facilitates stable overlayer formation as borne out by comparison of the behavior of electrodeposited Cd film on Au and a polished Cd rod. Finally, the ramifications of this trend in terms of overlayer stability in operating photoelectrochemical cells are discussed. 15 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.


Community adult learning resources are important part of the building of our education resources system.They are an important goal of building a learning society and lifelong learning systems.Currently,the construction of community adult digital learning resources has achieved a lot of results,but has revealed a number of drawbacks.The digital resources design for community-oriented adult lifelong learning uses adult learner-centered and meets learners' needs for the purpose to designs learning resources,ease the various contradictions of community adult learning process and promotes lifelong learning from five aspects,for example,learning needs,content design,modular design,tool selection,use and evaluate.


Seaweed is a non-fishery marine commodity that has great opportunities to be developed in Indonesia. One of the seaweed with a high economic value is Eucheuma alvarezii. This seaweed can be used as an additional material in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products or directly used for syrup and pudding. Post-harvest technique conducted by the seaweed farmers will affects the quality of dried and processed products. The purpose of this study is to see the effect of post harvest technique on the quality of dried seaweed and hedonic test (favorable test) of processed product (syrup and pudding). This study was conducted using descriptive method. The study compared dried, syrup, and puddings from two differents post-harvest technique, between salt and fresh-water draining products. The results showed that fresh-water draining technique obtained better quality results organoleptic test. Supported by hedonic test, that showed more panelists were prefered the fresh-water drained products of syrup and pudding. The preference were much higher for the fresh-water drained products in all three catagories of color, taste, and smell.


In the course of my duties as a curator for the ArachnoServer database [1,2], I recently came  across the article published by Binda et al. in Toxins [3].[...].


The work aims to study the performance of 3D-printed parts under In-Plane and Out-of-Plane shear stresses. The test articles are made from Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) by the 3D printing process (Fused Deposition Modeling - FDM). The testing procedures have been performed according to the ASTM D3846–02 method for defining the In-Plane shear strength while the ASTM D5379 method has been used for determining the Out-of-Plane shear properties. The statistical distribution functions were determined for both test data. Failure analysis has been performed for determining the Probability Density Function, the Survival Function, and the Hazard Function. The probability of failure at a certain stress level has been determined. A comparison between parts manufactured using the 3D printer and the commercially manufacturing process has been performed using the nonparametric two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test of the underlying distributions and also supported by Mann-Whitney test.