Black and white photograph of the Hansen family's farmstead. A group of barns are visible on the left; to the right is the family home, seen from the side. In the foreground is a grassy field where several family members and a couple of horses are standing amongst the brush in the distance. One individual is riding atop one of the horses.


Coexistent social anxiety disorder (SAD) and major depression can be highly debilitating and cause significant interference with social, occupational, and educational functioning. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to be an effective treatment for SAD and allows for flexibility in treating individuals of diverse cultural backgrounds. At present, treatment outcome research on the efficacy of CBT among Arab individuals with anxiety and mood disorders is highly limited. The current case study presents the implementation of a manualized CBT protocol for an Arab male with SAD and a secondary diagnosis of major depression. With attention to unique cultural influences on the development and maintenance of his symptom presentation, treatment consisted of 14 individual sessions, with outcome data yielding significant reductions in social anxiety, somatic anxiety, and depression at the posttreatment assessment. This case study demonstrates the potential efficacy of manualized CBT for SAD among Arab individuals and highlights the need for further systematic investigation using randomized controlled trials.


Lamb waves have been a promising candidate for quantitative damage identification for various engineering structures, taking advantage of their superb capabilities of traveling for long distances with fast propagation and low attenuation. However, the application of Lamb waves in damage identification so far has been hampered by the fact that the characteristic signals associated with defects are generally weaker compared with those arising from boundary reflections, mode conversions and environmental noises, making it a tough task to achieve satisfactory damage identification from the time series. With awareness of this challenge, this paper proposes a time reversal-based technique to enhance the strength of damage-scattered signals, which has been previously applied to bulk wave-based damage detection successfully. The investigation includes (i) an analysis of Lamb wave propagation in a plate, generated by PZT patches mounted on the structure; (ii) an introduction of the time reversal theory dedicated for waveform reconstruction with a narrow-band input; (iii) a process of enhancing damage-scattered signals based on time reversal focalization; and (iv) the experimental investigation of the proposed approach to enhance the damage identification on a composite plate. The results have demonstrated that signals scattered by delamination in the composite plate can be enhanced remarkably with the assistance of the proposed process, benefiting from which the damage in the plate is identified with ease and high precision.


The development of native chicken has a prospective along with the diversification of products that are increasingly in demand by the community with its market segment. However, native chickens businesses which are mostly in the form of back yard farming cause uncompetitive bargaining power of native chicken farmers. This is because entrepreneurial skills have not been well implemented. In the agribusiness system, the effectiveness and efficiency of native chicken performance have not determined by physical capital only, but also social capital (entrepreneurial skills), especially entrepreneurial behavior. The objective of this research was to analyze the developing entrepreneurial behavior in the native chicken agribusiness system. This study uses the literature review method by using secondary data and research journals, theses/dissertations, textbooks, and government reports. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the native chicken breeds in the upstream agribusiness subsystem were crucial points that need to be considered to maintain the continuity of day-old chick (DOC) supply for the onfarm subsystem. Institutional support, government support, native chicken associations, and marketing networks need to be strengthened. In the on-farm subsystem, the behavior of farmers who are not yet oriented to native chickens as a business was an important essence for making changes in entrepreneurial behavior. Entrepreneurial behavior consisting of knowledge (cognitive), mental attitude (affective), and skills (psychomotor) were the determinants of business performance. Entrepreneurial behavior influenced by internal factors (entrepreneurial character) and external factors (business environment). The main character of entrepreneurs needs to be considered to develop entrepreneurial behavior, namely motivation, innovation, and risk-taking, while external factors are training support, production facilities, and government policies. Journal of Integrated Agribusiness Website Jurnal: http://journal.ubb.ac.id/index.php/jia http://journal.ubb.ac.id/index.php/jiahttp://jour nal.ubb.ac.id/index.php/jia P-ISSN: 2656-3835


Within the Principles and Parameters framework, two standa rd assumptions concerning the syntactic and semantic nature of attributiv e adjectives are that they denote properties, and that they occupy adjoined positions .1 The former assumption found a natural home in strongly first-order theories su ch as Higginbotham 1985 and Chierchia & Turner 1988, although it also formed a ce ntral instance of the operation of Predicate Modification in Heim & Kratzer 199 8. Meanwhile, the latter assumption appeared to go without saying in early Gov ernment and Binding theory: attributive adjectives, as optional elements, would appear to be prime candidates to occupy adjoined positions. This paper will argue, however, that in the case of English, b oth of these assumptions are incorrect. It will be demonstrated that the ma jor alternative semantic treatment of attributive adjectives, as denoting second-o rder identity-typed functions, has conceptual and empirical advantages over a theor y in which attributive adjectives denote properties. If, moreover, the requireme nt that an attributive adjective modify a nominal is a specifically syntactic selectiona l requirement, this would suggest, following Chomsky 2000 among others, that it is the adj ctive, rather than the noun, which projects in this construction. In that case, th adjective has one of the major characteristics of syntactic heads, and so the a nalysis of attributive adjectives as heads in Abney 1987 gains plausibility. The following sections will spell out the steps in the above a rgument in greater detail. §2 will compare the analyses of attributive adjectives as firs tand secondorder functions, and the predictions that they make. §3 will argue that the need for an attributive adjective to modify a noun does not stem fr om the compositional


In this paper, an indirect matrix converter (IMC) which makes directly ac-ac power conversion, is modeled and simulated in real-time to demonstrate the capability of the new link between Opal-RT's eHS (electric Hardware Solver) and the CAD tool PSIM. An automatic methodology for the real-time simulation of power converters from PSIM circuit designs to FPGA is presented and discussed. A time-step of 250 ns is achieved on an FPGA computing engine developing up to 25.6 GFLOPS of processing power. Real-time simulation results are compared against PSIM as an offline validation tool, showing close match between the FPGA-based simulation and the reference.


This chapter aims a) to provide a review of the main ways in which employee engagement has been measured; b) to give insight into issues that may occur when designing and implementing such measures; and c) to consider implications in regards to presenting and interpreting engagement scores. Whilst covering academic material, this chapter is designed with the practitioner in mind. Two short case studies illustrating how employee engagement can be measured and evaluated in practice are described at the end of this chapter.


As computers become increasingly complex, computer science students have less tangible understanding of computer hardware. Most modern computer organization courses give students little hands-on experience in physically designing computers. The exceptions typically either have students work with FPGAs or pre-built single board computers, both of which shield students from the actual hardware underneath.

This paper describes a computer design lab sequence that I included as part of my computer organization class. In the course of fourteen 50-minute labs, students built an 8085-based computer from discrete chips on a breadboard and constructed a communications interface with a laptop.

My students are computer science students in a small department with limited resources. The labs were designed to require no expensive test equipment beyond a simple multimeter. Prior to this class the students have had no previous digital design experience or exposure to electronic circuits. Nevertheless, all students assigned the labs completed them successfully. Students found the labs stimulating and praised them in end-of-semester evaluations.


Joanna Battles is a professional actor and director, as well as a voice, speech, and dialect coach for theatre and film. Currently, Joanna serves as Assistant Professor of Voice & Speech at The Conservatory of Theatre Arts at Webster University, and is the professional Vocal Coach on staff at the Repertory Theatre of St. Louis. Prior to her position at Webster, Joanna served as Co-Head of the Undergraduate program of Theatre at Louisiana State University. Joanna is Associate Teacher of Fitzmaurice VoiceworkTM, and received an MFA in Acting from Brown University/Trinity Rep.


Many space instruments will require very low cryogenic temperatures to perform satisfactorily. The performance of bolometers greatly increases at very low temperatures and instruments for telescopes such as SIRTF will require a cooler to provide -50 μW total cooling power at temperatures of 0.1 to 0.3 K. With advances in cryogenic technology and satellite lifetime, the cryogen system design lifetimes are becoming much longer. This paper discusses a long life open-cycle 3He cooler that provides low cooling (50 μW) to a temperature as low as 0.18 K by continuous evaporation of liquid 3He and loss of vapor through a vent tube.


The label-less characteristics of real vehicle data make engineering modeling and capacity identification of lithium-ion batteries face great challenges. Different from ideal laboratory data, the raw data collected from vehicle driving cycles have a great adverse impact on effective modeling and capacity identification of lithium-ion batteries due to the randomness and unpredictability of vehicle driving conditions, sampling frequency, sampling resolution, data loss, and other factors. Therefore, data cleaning and optimization is processed and the capacity of a battery pack is identified subsequently in combination with the improved two-point method. The current available capacity is obtained by a Fuzzy Kalman filter optimization capacity estimation curve, making use of the charging and discharging data segments. This algorithm is integrated into a new energy big data cloud platform. The results show that the identification algorithm of capacity is applied successfully from academic to engineering fields by charge and discharge mutual verification, and that life expectancy meets the engineering requirements.


Since the flybys of the twin Voyager spacecraft through the magnetosphere of Saturn in the early 1980's, conflicting interpretations of the phenomena observed have appeared in the literature. An attempt is made here to constrain the transport rate in the inner magnetosphere by appeal to plasma observations of density and temperature. The conflicting models range from those entailing fast transport, which limits the density, to models in which the ion density is limited by the process of recombination. We solve the coupled differential equations for Coulomb and radiative heat transfer between hot electrons, thermal electrons and thermal heavy ions. We allow for a 10% nitrogen component in the Enceladus region. The results, along with considerations of anisotropy, lead to the conclusion that diffusive transport is not the dominant factor in determining the plasma state of the inner magnetosphere of Saturn. We find support for our previously proposed model of a ring source for the cold dense plasma observed by Voyager 2 at the ring plane crossing. We also consider the implications for the structure of Enceladus of the coexistence of a corotating thermal plasma and the E-ring and find that in the absence of such a sputtering plasma the E-ring can be maintained against radiation belt sputtering by micrometeoroid impacts on Enceladus


Through FRANC3D software, the life curves of samples containing surface crack and through crack are analyzed respectively under the same stress ratio, whose life results are calculated when reaching each critical condition. The test results show that the sample containing surface crack whose life N3D is 65870, and the sample containing through crack whose life N2D is 6434, N3D is about 10.4 times of N2D. In addition, the life test results of samples with different initial surface crack sizes under the stress ratio R=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 cyclic load are also studied. Results show that the life N3D and the stress ratio R are obvious nonlinear relationship. Similarly, the life N3D and the initial crack half length c also show obvious nonlinear relationship.


This paper examines one of the less-discussed modes of anti-globalization, relocalization or local autonomy. It describes a range of autonomous movements, summarizes their political economic ideas, and discusses some common social critiques raised in regard to local autonomy.


The invention relates to a method for artificially and massively feeding natural enemy staphylinid. The method is carried out in an environment with temperature ranging from 18 DEG C to 32 DEG C and relative humidity ranging from 65% to 95%, and tyrophagus putrescentiae and carpoglyphus lactis are used for artificially feeding massive Atheta coriaria and Oligota flavicornis. Feed base materials respectively comprises 35% -65% and 25% -50% of water. Feeding ratio between prey acarus and the natural enemy staphylinid is 50:1-1000:1. The feeding lasts for 20-50 days. When population density of the natural enemy staphylinid is higher than or equal to 400 pcs./liter, the natural enemy staphylinid can be packaged into finished products or be put into different containers for feeding. The feeding method is simple, highly effective and of low cost and can provide a wide range of natural enemy staphylinid sources for preventing and killing fungus gnat, ephydrid, frankliniella occidentalis, springtails, nematodes, tetranychus truncatus ehara and other pests for purpose of generalizing the biological prevention technologies of China, therefore, the use of chemical pesticides can be reduced, the eco-environment is improved and the international competiveness of agricultural products can be improved.


The paper studies the social and economic consequences of unemployment and its impact on the socio-economic indicators. The problems of the labor market of Tuva Republic which has one of the highest unemployment rates are considered. The relation evaluation of unemployment and socio-economic development of the region is carried out.


The circllhist histogram is a fast and memory efficient data structure for summarizing large numbers of latency measurements. It is particularly suited for applications in IT infrastructure monitoring, and provides nano-second data insertion, full mergeability, accurate approximation of quantiles with a-priori bounds on the relative error.
Open-source implementations are available for C/lua/python/Go/Java/JavaScript.


A new genus and species of monacanthid fish, Lalmohania vellltina, is described from six specimens collected in thc Kilakkarai region of south-eastern India. The taxon appears to be most similar to members of the genus Stephanolepis, but differs in scale structures, fin shapes, fin ray counts, lateral line sensory system, and structure of the pelvic fin rudiment.


Most of the damage caused by an explosion is caused by a pressure effect. The magnitude of the pressure generated by the explosion is influenced by the external characteristics of the environment (surrounding objects, their arrangement, geometry, etc.) and internal characteristics (type of explosive, type of charge, booster and others). An effective combination of internal factors creates a symmetry that results in the highest possible value of pressure generated by the charge explosion. The paper focuses on the influence of the booster reaction on this symmetry. The scope of the paper is to understand the dependency of the blast wave pressure on the amount of used blaster to increase the efficacy of explosions on the environment and structures to increase the protection of affected structures. The open-air field tests were conducted using different types of explosives: trinitrotoluene and three different types of industrially made ANFO explosives (pure ammonium nitrate and fuel oil, ammonium nitrate and fuel oil plus aluminum powder, ammonium nitrate and fuel oil mixed with trinitrotoluene). The obtained data were compared with the analytical approach for setting the generated maximal pressure on the front of the blast wave.


The article analyzes the mechanism of Taiwanese investment on agricultural economic growth in Fujian,and their actual contribution as well as the relationship.Then by studying why agricultural investment from Taiwan would promote the capital deepening in Fujian,we found that both cross-strait agricultural funds are insufficient,but Taiwan agricultural capital deepening degree is much higher than that of Fujian Province,so do agricultural productivity and capital labor productivity.And this is not only because Taiwan invested more and earlier into agriculture,but also due to the sound agricultural financial system to operate capital.And finally related recommendations are proposed to deepen cross-strait agricultural cooperation and promote the development of agricultural economy from four aspects.


Development of science & technology and progress of the society bring the world into an unprecedented age of globalization,marketization, and information. Along with the international fierce competition and th eimprovement of the management level, it is required that a reform on management should be carried out within the enterprises.


The present invention relates to a device configured to join the optical access network. Optical network configuration device of the present invention for the downlink signal in the Ethernet-based optical transport network by assigning an Ethernet signal and a separate one wavelength in the broadcast signal haejugo transmitted in the same wavelength for each subscriber, and an Ethernet signal for the uplink signal by transmitting by multiplexing the broadcast signal to each of the specific wavelength per subscriber, the functions of the Ethernet passive shaft of light (E-PON) architecture alignment protocol OLT (Optical Line Terminal) and ONU (Optical Network Unit) without the use of (ranging protocol) in simple and allows you to configure the optical network economically.


Abstract : Let an analytic function f of a single complex variable be defined in a neighborhood of a point z sub 0 by means of its Taylor series at z sub 0. A constructive method is discussed for the solution of the following problem: Suppose it is known that the function f can be continued analytically into a domain of the complex plane. It is desired to compute the value of f at an arbitrary point b in . By a constructive method (or ''algorithm'') for solving a problem in numerical analysis is meant a sequence of rational functions of the data of the problem which converge to the desired mathematical object.


This paper presents a new algorithm for serial or parallel implementation of computer simulations of the dynamics of multi-rigid body systems subject to nonholonomic and holonomic constraints. The algorithm presents an elegant approach for eliminating the nonholonomic constraints explicitly from the equations of motion and implicitly expressing them in terms of nonlinear coupling in the operational inertias of the bodies subject to these constraints. The resulting equations are in the same form as those of a body subject to kinematic joint constraints. This enables the nonholohomic constraints to be seamlessly treated in either a (i) recursive or (ii) hierarchic assembly-disassembly process for solving the equations of motion of generalized multi-rigid body systems in serial or parallel implementations. The algorithm is non-iterative and although the nonholonomic constraints are imposed at the acceleration level, constraint satisfaction is excellent as demonstrated by the numerical test case implemented to verify the algorithm. The paper presents procedures for handling both cases where the nonholonomic constraints are imposed between terminal bodies of a system and the environment as well as when the constraints are imposed between bodies in the interior of the system topology. The algorithm uses a mixed set of coordinates and is built on the central idea of eliminating either constraint loads or relative accelerations from the equations of motion by projecting the equations of motion into the motion subspaces or their orthogonal complements.© 2013 ASME


The United Nations Centre for Development Planning, Projections & Policies of the ESCAP, UNCTAD and FAO sponsored a United Nations Joint Study Mission to submit a report on economic cooperation in ASEAN. The Joint Study Mission suggested, among other things, introduction of industrial complementarity agreements concentrating preferably on new types of industry within ASEAN. It also suggested, that each member-country should be assigned a project with the exclusive right to manufacture certain goods for a fixed timeperiod. Necessary tariff protection and other kinds of assistance should be extended to such projects.


Although bacteremia is one of the most pressing situation in the field of hospital medicine, little is known about the differences between community‐ and hospital‐acquired bacteremia (CAB and HAB, respectively).


Information and communication technology, ICT, has revolutionized the media industry. It has transformed information gathering and dissemination in television broadcasting. This study examines the application of ICT by broadcast professionals of Nigerian Television Authority, NTA Channel 10, Port Harcourt. The objectives of the study were to examine the extent NTA makes use of ICT in its broadcasting; to find out if NTA uses website(s) for broadcasting and to identify the benefits of ICT to broadcast professionals of NTA. Survey design was adopted for the study using personal interview and the data collected was qualitative. The study revealed that ICTs have been widely applied in television broadcasting by broadcast professionals at Nigeria Television Authority, NTA, Channel 10, Port Harcourt. Study results also showed that NTA Port Harcourt does not have a website whereas the benefits of using ICTs by broadcast professionals of NTA Port Harcourt include ease of communication and easier access to information using the internet and shared network, amongst a host of other benefits. The recommendations for this study include making funds available to upgrade ICT facilities and NTA Port Harcourt should have its own website in order to control its online identity, image and domain email accounts for staff.


The creation of an initial glossary of terms is a preliminary phase of domain ontology building. Existing methodologies assume that such a glossary has been created by analysing existing documents or using expert knowledge. Some methods have been defined for this step of ontology building; these methods are mostly based on the analysis of existing documents. We propose to utilise the existing pieces of knowledge obtained in the area of object-oriented analysis; the description of a domain structure, behaviour and rules. Domain structure, behaviour and rules all together represent a complex and systematic view of the domain that makes it possible to create a high-quality glossary. This method is demonstrated using the domain of a road traffic system. Our method has been developed as an extension of the well-known METHONTOLOGY method. Our extension is general enough to be relevant for other ontology-building methodologies.


Within the last decade a noticeable shift has occurred in certain strains of Reformation scholarship that has challenged the traditional understanding of Calvin's theology in significant areas. One challenge that has recurred in several forms is the attempt to establish something of a realigning of Calvin's doctrines of justification and sanctification, asserting that the tradition has portrayed them too disparately. The alternative proposed by recent scholarship is the claim that rather than employing a distinct priority of justification to sanctification akin to that of the Reformed Scholastics, Calvin subsumed all his soteriology (and for some indeed his entire theology) under the rubric of union with Christ.1 Thus, in the words of Richard Gaffin,


General Aviation (GA) is destined to be an active area compared with airline scheduled civil aviation. The figures with much more aircrafts, pilots and private airports than airline aviation can be statistically obtained in a lot of countries, such as USA, UK. etc. In China, from 2011, the restriction of low attitude airspace is broken and there is a gigantic plan for developing the lower airspace general aviation industry. In this paper, the terrestrial mobile networks for Air-to-Ground (A/G) communications of the general aviation named as General Aviation Mobile communications systems (GAMobile) is proposed and evaluated. Different to the datalinks for airline aviation, GAMobile can directly make use of the terrestrial mobile system infrastructure to provide the broadband datalink service to GA aircraft. With this datalink, the Air Traffic Control (ATC), Air Traffic Management (ATM), the traffic of Air Operation Center (AOC) and Aircraft Passenger Communications (APC) can be delivered. Specifically, the cell and system structure, network protocol and key technologies are clarified.


High Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels in water indicate a vast amount of oxidizable matter that consumes a lot of dissolved oxygen in water. This results in adverse impacts on both aquatic ecosystems and human health. Wastewater from the fish cracker industry typically has high organic content and high COD value. In this study, rice husk was chosen as the raw material because of its abundance and economy. The optimum adsorption parameters such as flow rate, contact time, and initial COD concentration that affect adsorption by rice husk activated carbon were studied using Response Surface Methodology. The treatment was done in a continuous fixed-bed column. From the Box-Behnken design, it was determined that 68.09% removal percentage resulted from the best combination of 4.5 hours of contact time, 1 mL/min of flowrate, and 5% initial COD concentration. The SEM micrograph shows the adsorbent consists of a large number of pores before adsorption. Based on the study, rice husk activated carbon can be an alternative treatment for COD removal in wastewater. The use of activated carbon derived from agricultural waste materials can help reduce the waste produced, which will otherwise end up in the landfill.


The methods to improve the product quality for environmental monitoring organization are introduced based on the rule of certification criteria of the lab combining with two aspects of importance of quality and countermeasures of quality assurance.


& THE ASSOCIATION OF human identity to artifacts in the digital world has evolved slowly. In the beginning, it was sufficient to have a character string denote the user of a computer system, but today identity encompasses a panoply of concepts that are still emerging. Themeans of authentication have progressed from a simple password (or nothing at all!) to public keymethods based on elliptic curves over finite fields or psychological methods and proof-of-email receipt and cellphone text messages. The scope of digital identity has moved from single computer systems to the Internet, the world of social media, finance, business, and international law. With all this enlargement, there is still no strong meaning to identity. Perhaps, the Internet should have had an "identity layer" in its initial architecture, but it would have also been a weight too heavy for the incipient communication network. Identity did not fit into the streamlined functionality of early computer communication. Nor was there a place for security in those early systems. With no security requirements, it would have been difficult to a suitable meaning for identity and a basis for trust in it. We struggle now with what identity is. Social connections now are more varied than in the days before the Internet. We can have hundreds of "friends" whom we have never met; we can see and hear what our friends are doing even when they are far away. Our business connections are also different. We buy goods from businesses around the world without seeing their employees or knowing their owners, yet those businesses know a lot about us. All these interactions result in expanding and complicating what we mean by identity. In this issue, we explore a couple of topics on the changing technologies behind identitymeaning andmanagement. We should note that it is not only humans that need identities. Websites and services need identifiers so that we can distinguish between them, and there must be a provable binding between a name and a site or service. The Internet's Domain Name Service (DNS) uses a public key hierarchy to delegate naming authorities and names within domains. A global public key hierarchy for users was once imagined as a possibility, but there are huge practical impediments to that dream. Human society is dynamic and complicated, and no hierarchicalmodel can encompass the changing relationships. Even determining the relationships between different naming authorities is an impossible task. Instead of a logical structure for names and authentication methods, we have a confusing hodgepodge of context-dependent identifiers. For example, it is possible to manage one's banking with username and password, but generally one cannot prove to a third party that the bank account exists, has a minimum balance, etc. Just asmoney has the property of "liquidity," wemight like to have our business or social identities be generally accepted across all Internet services. This would be desirable because the sheer number of accounts and passwords for a normal Internet users is overwhelming. Some users, after using up a block of sticky notes, have developed Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MIC.2019.2944229


A scent-dispensing system comprising: a device (20) dispensing the perfume composition with heated wick comprising at least one module perfume comprising a reservoir (28) perfume containing a perfume composition and a wick ( 38) communicated through the fluid with said perfume composition, wherein said device (20) dispenser aroma is configured to cycle automatically through application and withdrawal of heat to the wick, and wherein said device (20) dispenser aroma is configured to automatically increase the heat applied to the wick at least once after a predetermined interval of 7 to 15 days time, and wherein the wick (38) has an average pore size of 50 microns to 150 microns and an average pore volume of 15% to 85%.


ABSTRACT The polygonal holes can be made in many different ways but using the rotating tool in drilling process is one of the easiest and most efficient wayst. The aim of this paper is to determinate the motion, and velocity of the tool's blade used for polygonal hole production in the manufacturing process. Given task will be solved using the equivalent mechanism and centrodes theory. Euler-Savary equations with matrix vector notation will be used for defining the velocity of tool's blade as well as geometry of polygonal contour. Presented procedure is very simple and gives precise analytical solutions .


The aim of this paper is to review the theory of equivalence as interpreted by some of the most innovative theorists in this field-Jakobson, Nida and Taber, Cafford, and Baker.


respiratory failure necessitating mechanical ventilation (MV). Co-ingestants may also contribute to the need for MV in this patient population. ◊ Some published literature suggests that MV be avoided in SAL poisoning since intubation and MV may culminate in acute deterioration and death from rise in PCO2 and fall in arterial pH, allowing movement of SAL from the blood into the brain and other organs. Background


Ca8Mg3Al2Si7O28:Ce3+,Eu2+ phosphors with a melilite structure are designed and prepared for applications in optical thermometry. Their emission colours are tunable due to the energy transfer and thermal quenching of Ce3+ and Eu2+.


Key theoretical concepts advanced by the Bauman MSTU scientific school 'Zoom lens design' are discussed. These include methods for design of both classical and laser zoom lenses, systems with linear and nonlinear relations between the displacements of components, basics of professor I. I. Pakhomov's theory of generalized parameters, a method of paraxial synthesis of multicomponent zoom systems, a method of aberration synthesis of zoom systems in the approximation of the third- and fifth-order aberrations. The effectiveness of the described methods is illustrated by examples of designing zoom systems with superior optical characteristics.


This paper presents a high bandwidth and low noise fully differential main amplifier (FDMA) for pulsed time-of-flight (TOF) imaging laser detection and ranging application (LADAR), which serves to amplify the small pulse echo signal. The cascaded architecture and active inductor technology are used to enlarge the bandwidth of the circuit and reduce the chip area. The cascaded gain stages, which adopted DC offset isolation circuit, are more robust to the alteration of process. A large bandwidth amplifier (LBA) and an output buffer (OB) structure have been designed to enhance the drive capabilities. Besides, in order to adapt the demand of the LADAR system, the amplifier receiver's bandwidth has been limited by using an inter-stage bandpass filter. Implemented in CSMC CMOS technology, the FDMA chip real-izes the -3 dB bandwidth of 730.6 MHz, and an open loop gain of 23.5 dB with the bandpass filter worked. The in-put-referred noise voltage is 2.7 nV/sqrt(Hz), which effectively reduces the system noise. This chip that occupies 0.25 mm×0.25 mm in area consumes a power dissipation of 102.3 mW from the 3.3 V power supply. As a part of the in-tegrated chip of the laser radar system, it can better meet the requirements of system.


Cross-linking of superabsorbent hydrogels based on poly(acrylamide-co-sodium alginate) is carried out using 60Co γ-radiation. Hydrogels of PAM/NaAlg with 1.5:0.5 and 1.0:1.0 w/v concentrations showed good gel contents of 87 and 66 (%) and swelling degrees in water of 3.7 and 5 (g/g) after 40 min, respectively. The chemical structure of the hydrogel is confirmed by FTIR, XRD, and ESR. The morphology of the hydrogel is observed using scanning electron microscopy. Intramolecular H-bonding in the hydrogel network is confirmed by TGA and DSC. The pH-responsive swelling behavior of (PAM-co-NaAlg) hydrogels is tested in different pH ranges showing higher swelling capacities in basic than in acidic media. This property proposes the use of (PAM-co-NaAlg) hydrogel as internal curing agent for concrete. The hydrogel is examined with cement weight ratios of (0.1–0.5) wt%. The study shows that cement with (PAM-co-NaAlg) hydrogel improves the compressive strength of cement at 0.1 and 0.2 wt%.


Abstract This paper presents the results of analyses of ecological synthetic oil samples during an operating test. The operating test of oil was performed within cooperation of the Department of Transport and Handling and Slovnaft, a. s. (joint stock company). The analysis of ferrographic samples was performed in the laboratory of the department, and other analyses were done in an accredited Wearcheck Laboratory at Almásfüzitő, Hungary.


The purpose of this study is to examine the features and characteristics of world's successful corporation and to investigate whether Malaysian companies would also be able to progress to such organization. According to Michael Porter " A worldclass corporation is an organization which had acquired the position of excellence in its given business. This position is achieved through excellence product, loyal and satisfied customers and good strategic partnerships with suppliers and collaborations. These attributes are the result of careful and well-implemented
corporate strategies formulated and implemented by the organization. It is in within this framework that this thesis is aimed in particular to trace out whether
Malaysian companies would also be world-class organization. Our investigation through casework methodology did indicate that Malaysian companies are moving in the right direction. While they are moving at a slow place, their efforts of becoming world-class corporation will not be a mere rhetoric.


Physical programming (PP) is a new multiobjective and design optimization method that has been applied successfully in diverse areas of engineering and operations research. The application of PP calls for the designer to express his/her preferences by defining ranges of differing degrees of desirability for each design metric. Although this approach works well in practice, it had never been shown that the optimal solution is not unduly sensitive to these numerical range definitions. This paper shows that PP is indeed numerically well conditioned, and also compares its sensitivity to designer input (with respect to optimal solution) with that of other popular methods. This paper also provides the important proof that all solutions obtained through PP are Pareto optimal, and extends the notion of Pareto optimality to one of pragmatic implication. This paper introduces the important notion of P-Dominance that extends the concept of Pareto optimality beyond the cases minimize and maximize. We show that P-Dominance leads to the important concept of Generalized Pareto Optimal@. Numerical results arc provided, which illustrate the favorable numerical properties of physical programming.


The present study investigated individual, environmental, situational, and dyadic factors in best-friends relationships according to Fehr's model. The participants, 676 adults 18 to 58 years-old, completed questionnaires to assess factors related to Fehr's model. The results showed the importance of living proximity as an environmental factor in the establishment of friendships in general and of similarity in the constitution of friendship, mainly between males and their friends. Among women, the frequency of contact by phone was a major factor. The high frequency of additional best-friends for both men and women raised questions about their understanding of what is a best-friend and about the use of this construct to describe an exclusive and high status relationship between two individuals. Keywords: friendship; relationships; adulthood .


A new algorithm is presented to align multiple 3-D mobile sensors in the Earth-Centred-Earth-Fixed coordinate system, which is called MLMR algorithm for short. The MLMR algorithm can effectively estimate sensor biases, sensor frame orientation and target state. For illustrative purposes, the MLMR algorithm is applied to simulated track data from two 3-D sensors.


Article history: Received January 6 2014 Received in Revised Format June 15 2014 Accepted July 17 2014 Available online July 31 2014 The objective of this paper is to develop an integrated production inventory model for reworkable items with exponential demand rate. This is a three-layer supply chain model with perspectives of supplier, producer and retailer. Supplier delivers raw material to the producer and finished goods to the retailer. We consider perfect and imperfect quality products, product reliability and reworking of imperfect items. After screening, defective items reworked at a cost just after the regular manufacturing schedule. At the beginning, the manufacturing system starts produce perfect items, after some time the manufacturing system can undergo into "out-of-control" situation from "in-control" situation, which is controlled by reverse logistic technique. This paper deliberates the effects of business strategies like optimum order size of raw material, exponential demand rate, production rate is demand dependent, idle times and reverse logistics for an integrated marketing system. Mathematica is used to develop the optimal solution of production rate and raw material order for maximum expected average profit. A numerical example and sensitivity analysis is illustrated to validate the model. © 2014 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved


This paper presents a methodology for forecasting the average downlink throughput for an LTE cell by using real measurement data collected by multiple LTE probes. The approach uses data analytics techniques, namely forecasting algorithms to anticipate cell congestion events which can then be used by Self-Organizing Network (SON) strategies for triggering network re-configurations, such as shifting coverage and capacity to areas where they are most needed, before subscribers have been impacted by dropped calls or reduced data speeds. The presented implementation results show the prediction of network behaviour is possible with a high level of accuracy, effectively allowing SON strategies to be enforced in time.


The first Danish case of Aarskog syndrome is reported. The child had attended several specialized out‐patient clinics before the diagnosis was suggested. This underlines the need for dysmorphology in paediatrics.


The influence of operating technology condition on innate character of membrance in the process of polysulfones hollow fiber composite membrances for oxygen enrichment has been studied.It is worthy the notice of the effect of operating pressure and entering gas ratio on separation character of membrance.The best operating conditions for inside and outside pressure membrance module has been determined. The phenomenon of concentration polarization in oxygen enrichment has also been discussed and considered.There exists the same phenomenon as in RO and UF and the outside pressure membrance is more evident than the inside one.


Several long-accepted terms are widely misused in ornithology and have led to a misperception of important concepts in the ecology of Nearctic–Neotropical migratory birds. The term "North America" (and its ancillary terms "North American species", "North American habitats", etc.) is widely used to refer to the United States and Canada, when in fact it should include all of the continent from the Arctic through Panama. In a similar vein, the terms "wintering" and "over-wintering" (whether used to describe the status of individual birds or species, or as a modifier for terms like habitats, ecology, or behavior), "spring migration" and "fall migration" are inappropriate for Nearctic–Neotropical migrants because they explicitly reference conditions in the temperate zone of the continent, even as most such species spend the majority of their annual cycle elsewhere, where these terms are inaccurate and unhelpful. We discuss the pitfalls of using these terms and suggest several alternatives and replacements. In particular, we urge more precision in the use of term "North America"; for Nearctic–Neotropical migratory species (especially long-distance migrants), we suggest retiring the terms "wintering" and "over-wintering" in favor of "nonbreeding"; and for the same group of species we suggest retiring the terms "spring migration" and "fall migration" in favor of "pre-breeding", "post-breeding", or "post-natal" migration.


Pheromones are chemical signals that trigger a response in another member of the same species. In mice, it has been shown that exposure of females to male pheromones leads to puberty advance and estrus induction. In particular, these effects can be triggered by conspecific male urine, suggesting that they are related to the chemical composition of this stimulus. Although these phenomena were among the earliest known examples of pheromonal actions, the identities of these chemical signals remain mysterious. Here we identified two small molecules in male urine, termed Calin319 and Calin381 that accounted for much of the vomeronasal neuronal response to male urine and were sufficient and necessary to advance juvenile female puberty and induce female estrus. Besides acting as a primer pheromone, a blend of these two male compounds also acts as a releaser pheromone that resulted in increased investigatory behavior by female mice. These findings demonstrate that Calin319 and Calin381 are crucial male pheromones that regulate female reproductive behavior in mice. This study resolves the long-standing mystery of the molecular code of male urinary chemicals that control female gonadal function.


Innovation Concept: Consultation skills (the collaborator role) are key for safe and effective Emergency Medicine practice. The tool described uses educational techniques familiar to Emergency Physicians and residents (rapid cycle deliberate practice and focused debriefing) to incorporate teaching of this skill into on-shift clinical teaching of Emergency Medicine residents. Methods: We searched the literature for consultation teaching methods. We developed a tool to teach consultation as part of on-shift clinical teaching using pedagogical concepts familiar to Emergency Medicine residents, rapid cycle deliberate practice and focused debriefing. The developed tool has three phases; 1) Introduction to a framework for good consultation skills, 2) Managing push-back and understanding competing frames of reference and 3) Direct observation and feedback on the actual consultation. The tool is designed to be used during a clinical shift. Over a series of consecutive cycles the resident refines a consultation and is eventually directly observed during the actual interaction with a consultant. Curriculum, Tool or Material: For each of the three phases the tool provides a framework for the preceptor to use to guide the presentation and discussion. During phases 1 and 2 the resident will present the consultation a number of times and the preceptor will provide focused debriefing allowing the presentation to be refined and optimized. During phase 3 the preceptor provides direct observation of the actual consultation followed by focused debriefing. Phase 1: Focuses on understanding the learners current skill level and presents a framework for a high quality consultation. Phase 2: Introduces the concept of competing frames of reference and push-back and patient centred strategies for managing this situation. Phase 3: The actual consultation interaction between resident and consultant is observed and debriefed. Conclusion: Consultation skills are important in the day to day practice of Emergency Medicine but rarely the subject of specific teaching. The tool presented can be used during clinical shifts to teach consultation skills using pedagogy familiar to both Emergency Physicians adEM residents.


This paper puts forward a comprehensive framework for probabilistic quantification of community resilience considering multiple interdependent infrastructure systems. The proposed framework integrates various dimensions of resilience including technical, organizational, social, and economic. To this end, first the post-hazard status of the components of the community, e.g., infrastructure systems, is determined through casualty and damage models. Next, discrete events simulation is employed to quantify the recovery of the community, and the infrastructures thereof. For this purpose, the community restoration capacity, comprising workforce, material, and equipment, is assigned to the damaged components, which produces repair events. Once a component restored, the status of all components is updated considering interdependencies. At this point, the framework quantifies the costs incurred by the community comprising direct costs, i.e., restoration and relocation costs, and indirect costs, i.e., business interruption and socioeconomic costs due to absence of services, during the pre-repair period. Thereafter, the released restoration capacity is reassigned to another unrestored component, producing another event. This process continues until all components reach the intended functionality. The total community cost, which is the accumulated cost over the entire recovery period, is regarded as an indicator of the community resilience. The functionality of different infrastructure systems as well as different dimensions of resilience is incorporated in this single global indicator. This, in turn, provides the ability to determine the importance of each component based on the extent of contribution to this indicator. Therefore, the proposed framework provides decision makers with a decision support tool to identify the optimal resource allocation strategy to achieve a resilient community. The proposed framework is showcased by an application to a community with a building portfolio, commercial units, transportation network, healthcare facilities, and a power distribution network. 1994 Available online at www.eccomasproceedia.org Eccomas Proceedia COMPDYN (2017) 1994-2004 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Eccomas Proceedia. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of COMPDYN 2017. doi: 10.7712/120117.5544.17232 Hossein Nasrazadani, Mojtaba Mahsuli


Abstract: W. B. Camochan argues in a new book that there has never been consensus on the American undergraduate curriculum. His work adds immensely to our understanding of the historical context of the current curricular debate but does not fully weigh two important and contrasting perspectives, the classic 1963 analysis by educational philosopher Philip Phenix and the more recent work by literary scholar Paul Lauter.


In this study, the junction temperature (Tj) and thermal resistance (Rth) of five high-power multi-chip COB (chip-on-board) LED packages with different chip spacings were compared. The actual Tj was measured by an IR camera and compared with the simulation results from a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. In addition, the effects of heat slugs with different thermal conductivity, heat sinks of various thicknesses, chip size, and forced convection cooling on the Tj and Rth of high-powered LED components were investigated. The experimental results show that smaller chip spacing resulted in higher Tj and Rth. The heat dissipation performance can be improved by using a heat slug with a high thermal conductivity; and increasing the thickness of the heat sink, or employing forced convection cooling.


A multi-scale problem with respect to time scale occurs in dielectric barrier discharge with moving electrode. The discharge system is modeled with the coupled equation, which consists of a discharge equation for space charge density variation and Poisson's equation for electric field distribution. The analysis model consists of two parallel cylinder electrodes covered with dielectric material. Space charges generated during discharge are accumulated on dielectric barrier, and it affects electric field distribution and the following discharges. In the proposed method, the multi-scale analysis is divided into several steps considering the movement of the surface charge accumulated on the dielectric barrier. The surface potential of electrode is measured and compared with the calculated one. The analysis results show good agreement with the measured surface potential.


A Technical Expert Group on Patent Law Issues was set up by the Government of India, Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion to examine whether it would be TRIPS compatible to limit the grant of patent for pharmaceutical substance to new chemical entity or to new medical entity involving one or more inventive steps; and whether it would be TRIPS compatible to exclude micro-organisms from patenting. This is the report of the Group.


Apparatus for reducing power consumption during wireless data transfer between a host device and another device is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a plurality of wireless modules, each of the plurality of wireless modules comprising a different wireless protocol, each wireless protocol having a different transmission range and data transfer rate. The apparatus also comprises a processor having a determination module. The determination module is configured to determine which of the plurality of wireless protocols is able to be used for the wireless data transfer, and which of the different wireless protocols able to be used for the wireless data transfer has a power consumption that is the lowest of the wireless protocols able to be used for the wireless data transfer, the wireless protocol so determined being used for the wireless data transfer. A corresponding method is also disclosed.


The fern species Matonia pectinata R.Br. has recently been collected in two provinces in Peninsular Thailand (Trang and Yala). These collections represent the first records for this species, the genus Matonia and the family Matoniaceae in Thailand. Trang is also the new northern limit of the known distributional range of M. pectinata.


This paper studies the impacts and the mechanism of riskless asset provision in an infinite horizon Markov competitive exchange economy. Backed by a storage of reserves of the consumption good, an institution issues loans and deposits, while defaults are allowed for loans. The existence of equilibrium is shown for a Markov economy under rational beliefs. Also, the paper discusses how the social costs of volatility can be measured under rational beliefs.


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One of the objectives of the Community Service implementation activities is to increase the knowledge, understanding and skills of elementary school teachers in Pagaruyung, Tanjung Emas, Tanah Datar, West Sumatra. This program is conducted in the form of two meetings training. Presentation materials include learning media based on Adobe Flash CS6, the Value Clarification Technique Reportage approach to integrated thematic learning. The methods used in training media based on Adobe Flash CS6 are lectures, questions and answers, demonstrations, recitations, and simulations. This program is focused on the use of learning media that is in accordance with the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, namely media that is in accordance with the times and the involvement of technology, with the introduction of understanding of media can increase participants' enthusiasm for the role of media in conveying learning concepts. The use of Adobe Flash CS6 media to design interesting learning materials, besides that it also maintains the characteristics of character education with the VCT reportage approach. The introduction and training of technology-based media use can support the creativity and innovation of teachers in media design. This training can improve the skills and professionalism of teachers to design the media used in learning practices so that learning messages are conveyed and attract the attention of students.


For features that the students of computing electronic business should master electronic business technology, differentiated the existing simulated operating teaching software, proposed necessity and design objective of the electronic business auxiliary teaching software based on computing, expound systems architecture and the various features of the system modules, using Browser/Server three layer architecture, Asp.net, COM+ and SQL Server2005 software for the software. The software has put the application to obtain good teaching results.


This paper presents a coordinated design of power automation platform for integrating the various power automation sub-systems. It closely follows the IEC standards (IEC61970, IEC61968, IEC61850) and meets the high demands on operation performance, reliability, expandability, openness and security of modern power system control and management. The design introduces two new concepts: operation oriented architecture (OOA) and multiple redundancy, or 1xM redundancy. It also includes a high speed open database connection to various RDBMS databases and an open interface layer to different computer operating systems. Other advanced features are also provided in the new design, including the distributed real time database, the data subscribing mechanism, GUI-based data model editing tools and the full version management mechanisms.


Normally, the cost stickiness in enterprises further reduces the efficiency of asset allocation and the accuracy of earnings decision, thus aggravating the risk taking. This paper takes Chinese A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2019 as samples to empirically test the impact of cost stickiness on enterprise risk and the moderating effect of long-term incentive mechanism on this impact. The results show that cost stickiness increases corporate risk significantly. Management shareholding further aggravates the impact of cost stickiness on corporate risk. After further analysis, it is found that cost stickiness significantly increases corporate investment risk, meanwhile, cost anti-stickiness also significantly increases corporate risk, and management shareholding also aggravates the impact of cost anti-stickiness. This study further expands the research on the economic consequences of cost stickiness, also provides new ideas for enterprises to control the level of management shareholding to further restrain the degree of cost stickiness.


Metabolic syndrome is still a major problem in developing countries and it has an association with high blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profile abnormalities, which can cause cardiovascular disease. This indicates that it is important to provide adequate treatment, but patient compliance has effects on the outcome. Improving patients' compliance to treatment can provide a better control of the condition. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between medication compliance and the therapeutic outcome of metabolic syndrome. This observational analytic study was conducted using a retrospective cohort design for one year of observation, namely April 2020-March 2021. The influence of patient compliance with therapy outcomes in terms of blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profile was assessed using the medication possession ratio method. This study was carried out by examining patients' medical records from the Bethesda Lempuyangwangi Hospital as parameters for compliance, while the outcome parameters were assessed by experts. The data obtained were analyzed using Anova (homogeneous data) or Kruskal-Wallis (not homogeneous data) to determine the differences in the compliance based on patients' characteristics. The relationship of adherence to therapeutic outcomes was analyzed using logistic bivariate. From 174 patients' data that was observed, only 151 had a blood test. The average systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HbA1c levels were above the standard threshold. The three levels of compliance had no significant relationship with blood pressure, HbA1c, and lipid profiles (p>0.05). The adjusted data for age and gender on adherence showed patients with low compliance, and they have a 2.08 times risk of having high triglyceride levels compared to others (p<0.05). The results indicated the patients' low compliance to therapy, hence, health professionals must strengthen education to improve this condition.


The Nun's Priest represents Chaucer's ideal of what a poet should be, in David's view an approximation of the image of preacher-poet in the Corpus manuscript of the Troilus. What David has to say about these pilgrims and their performances is fresh and illuminating. Though each reflects a part of Chaucer's personality, each, except for the Nun's Priest, is seen to have limitations; each has faults that emerge from the fiction he tells and the fiction he participates in. Did Chaucer turn back from this kind of insight? Did he intend us to see in the 2000-line sermon a rejection of all that his work on The Canterbury Tales had taught him about the power of fiction? To find an affirmative answer to this ques tion, David interprets The Nun's Priest's Tale as part of Chaucer's at tempt to reassert his authority, not in his own person, but by manipulat ing his fiction. The shifts in point of view in the tale are seen to rein force "the interplay between juxtaposed tales and between tales and links" (p. 223) in preparation for the abandonment of fiction. The in genuity of this explanation, that accounts for the shift from the skeptical and thoroughly tested wisdom of Chaucer's best tale to the conventional morality of a sermon, finds an appropriate gloss in David's perception of the Nun's Priest's final meaning. The Nun's Priest tests the reader. He satirizes in the end the very tendency to find morals, "to peck up kernels of sentence and 'ete hem yn' " (p. 229).


A guidance law for landing an impaired aircraft is described. The approach involves a planning phase wherein the performance limits of the aircraft are used to design the landing pattern and the reference speed, followed by the guidance computations for generating attitude commands. Commanded attitude can be displayed the pilot on a heads-up display for manual control, or can be coupled to the autopilot. In addition to the attitude commands, the guidance system can also generate the flap deployment schedules, and auto-brake system initiation trigger in equipped aircraft. Guidance system development is based on a pointmass nonlinear model of the aircraft. Feedback linearization technique is used to transform the system dynamics into a linear, time-invariant form. Finite interval differential game formulation is then used to derive the robust optimal guidance law. Inverse transformation of the guidance commands to the original coordinate system produces the roll, pitch and yaw attitude commands. Attitude commands can be tailored for both the crabbed or sideslip flight modes, and for the transitions between them. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach.


Objective To construct a recombinant plasmid harbouring the PIA gene of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Methods A pair of primers was designed according to the known sequence of PIA gene. The PIA gene fragment was amplified by PCR. After purified and digested with BamHⅠand Hind Ⅲ, the PIA gene fragment was ligated to a prokaryotic expression vector, pET28a(+). Recombinant pET28a(+) PIA was constructed and transformed into E.coli DH5α. Positive recombinant was verified by PCR, restriction mapping and DNA sequencing. Results The recombinant plasmid pET28a(+) PIA was constructed successfully. The result of sequence analysis of the PIA gene in the recombinant plasmid pET28a(+) PIA showed a 99.9%homology with the published sequence in the GenBank. Conclusion The construction of pET28a(+) PIA is important for the further research on the function of PIA and may help in the development of the method for clinical detection and genetic engineering vaccine of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.


Simple theoretical considerations have yielded an approximate formula for the ion current per unit length Ii to a cylindrical probe (radius rp, bias voltage V) immersed in a collision‐dominated moving plasma (subsonic velocity=vf, electron density=ne, ion mobility=μi). Ii=2(πμie0)1/3(neevfV)2/3[log(Ii/2neevfrp)]2/3 (mks) where e is the electronic charge. This relation has been checked with a propane/air flame and a moving probe; it is found to be correct within ±50% over several decades of probe voltage, probe‐flame velocity and flame ionization. A more favorable choice of μi in the above expression improves the agreement between theory and experiment to ±30%. Measurements of sheath thickness obtained from the mutual interference of two adjacent probes support the basic tenets of the theoretical model. It is concluded that, in many instances of probe measurements in flames and other collision‐dominated plasmas, the velocity‐dependent approach adopted in this paper will be necessary since very large errors...


A method for dynamically tuning a communication system power line comprising an inductive coupler a tank circuit comprising a plurality of capacitors, a first transmitter and a receiver, said method characterized by: passing a first frequency signal selected carrier generated by said first transmitter through said coupler; receiving said first carrier frequency signal selected in said receiver; measuring the amplitude of said first signal received selected carrier frequency; switching said capacitors onto and disengage from, said tank circuit until said measured amplitude of said first signal received selected carrier frequency is a maximum; passing a second carrier frequency signal selected by said first transmitter generated through said coupler; receiving said second carrier frequency signal selected in said receiver; measuring the amplitude of said second selected carrier frequency signal received; and switching said capacitors into and out of said tank circuit until said second signal as said selected carrier frequency received amplitude is at a maximum; wherein said second carrier frequency signal selected is different from said first carrier frequency signal selected.


Background:- The maxillofacial skeleton is commonly fractured due to its prominent position. Maxillofacial fractures lead to cosmetic disfigurement as well as problems in oral functioning. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, etiology, mode, and the pattern of fractures in the maxillofacial region. Methods: A retrospective study of maxillofacial injuries at ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Joka (Kolkata) between Feb 2018 to April 2019 was conducted and data extracted from patients who were either treated in emergency room or in outpatient department. Results and Conclusion: The study concluded that better road safety laws need to be enforced along with the improvement of the education and socio-economic setup.


The advance tools and technologies in agriculture sector of have played a significant role in enhancement of crop yields and food security to most of the countries. However, long term sustainability of current agricultural system is at risk because of soil health deterioration, over use of natural resources and erratic climate patterns due to global warming. In recent years, high crop yields due to improved tools and technologies have resulted in huge quantities of crop residues (CRs) production annually. Burning of CRs is now a common practice at filed conditions causing soil health deterioration, air pollution, loss of agriculturally important soil microbial biomass diversity, etc. Residue incorporation results more microbial activity than residue removal or burning. Paddy CRs decomposition in anaerobic flooded soil conditions substantially increases green house gases emissions particularly methane. Therefore, appropriate sustainable management of huge amount of crop residues produced every year is need of the hour and assumes a great significance to the major agricultural producing countries. Appropriate management planning and environmental education would reduce the CRs burning practices and the related environmental, social and economical loss. In this communication, current concerns and possible options related to efficient management of CRs has been discussed. At present most of the developing countries including India, has challenging tasks to ensure food and environmental security. Hence the CRs, either partly or entirely can be used for agriculture conservation to country's food security, agriculture and environmental sustainability.


Idioms are the elite of carious languages,influenced by the cultural factors.Chinese and English idioms bear the weight of rich cultural information and embodied national features as well.This paper mainly compares the differences between Chinese and English idioms.It aims to develop the students' across-cultural ability.


Thank you for reading music for more than one piano an annotated guide. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their favorite novels like this music for more than one piano an annotated guide, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their desktop computer.


Because their classification is variable, the taxation of glucose test strips varies from state to state, giving rise to massive confusion and loss of revenue


By employing a quantum hydrodynamic (QHD) model with appropriate boundary conditions, the nonlinear self-interaction of an electrostatic surface wave on otherwise homogeneous semibounded plasma with degeneracy effects is investigated. It has been found that a part of the second harmonic generated through self-interaction does not have a true surface wave feature but propagates obliquely away from the plasma–vacuum interface into the bulk of the plasma. Such a situation is obtained in laser–plasma interaction during surface etching, plasma processing, and so on. In this article, we study the harmonics generation mechanism, associated Lagrangian chaos, and harmonic conversation rate when an intense laser is incident on an unmagnetized plasma. The dense plasma displays quantum diffraction effects and other quantum statistical effects. We made use of perturbative analysis for the field quantities. The findings will help workers dealing with laser–plasma interaction so as to enhance the tendency of harmonic generation and energy localization.


The author analyzes the basic differences between Croatian International Bankruptcy Law and the European Regulation on Insolvency Proceedings. Especially, the question of subject of the recognition, the question of the recognition procedure and the question of the applicable law in the international insolvency law is discussed in this work.


This study investigated the effectiveness of different types of feedback content (elaborate versus global) and feedback timing (immediate versus delayed) for learning genetics in a web-based learning environment as a function of learners' prior knowledge. It was hypothesized that learning outcomes of students with low prior knowledge would be fostered by immediate elaborate feedback, whereas those of students with more prior knowledge would be enhanced by delayed global feedback. Students' perceptions of the feedback they received were explored. Results showed a significant positive effect of global feedback on learning outcomes for higher prior knowledge learners, although those who received elaborate feedback gave a higher appreciation rating. The findings are discussed in terms of implications for the design and delivery of feedback in web-based learning environments.


F ive of the sixteenth-century polyphonic manuscripts of the chapel at St. Peter's in Rome (the Cappella Giulia) were prepared in the scriptorium of the Papal Chapel (the Cappella Sistina). These books represent a complete polyphonic repertory: Masses, Lamentations, a Requiem, a Passion, Motets, Hymns, and Magnificats. Three of them, those containing the Motets, Hymns and Magnificats-manuscripts CG XII.4, XII.5, and XII.6-were copied between 1536 and 1541 by Johannes Parvus, the principal scribe of polyphony for the Cappella Sistina from ca. 1535 to 1580. The archival documentation for all three books provides a significant amount of information on the process by which the volumes were assembled: the time of the commission from the chapel, the cost, the speed of copying, and in the case of the latter two manuscripts the identity of the scribe. The books themselves, moreover, as well as the concordant repertory, reveal with some precision many of the details of scribal procedure and the nature of the exemplars from which this repertory derived, which, as we shall see, proves especially significant for the works of Costanzo Festa contained in all three volumes. Thus, we have here a rare instance in which every step of the history of a group of sixteenth-century manuscripts can be traced from conception to completion.


Abstract Jeannerod (1994) advocates studying motor images to understand the representation of action. We identify an unsettled issue that complicates the use of motor images to study the representation of action and present some evidence for a clear absence of equivalence between motor imagery and movement preparation. We then elaborate and emphasize the relevance of the mental practice literature, which was introduced in the first round of commentary. Finally, we suggest two methods that will allow motor imagery theorists to address these points.


This box reviews the recent decision on the inclusion of the Bulgarian lev and the Croatian kuna in ERM II from a historical, institutional, policy and economic perspective. It explains the key features of ERM II, describes the process and rationale underlying the decision, including the prior and post‑ERM II entry policy commitments made by the Bulgarian and Croatian authorities, and explains the key elements that were taken into consideration when defining the central rate of the lev and the kuna against the euro in the exchange rate mechanism. JEL Classification: F02, F31


This article briefly describes the shear behavior of flexible geomembrane/nonwoven geotextile interfaces. In addition, a database of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and very flexible polyethylene (VFPE) geomembrane/nonwoven geotextile interface strengths is presented that can be used for comparison purposes. The following conclusions are based on the shear testing data: the interface shear strengths obtained from torsional ring shear tests are in agreement with those obtained from large-scale direct shear tests for the interfaces; the smooth side of a PVC geomembrane provides higher peak and residual interface shear resistances than the faille side; faille PVC geomembrane/nonwoven geotextile interfaces exhibit smaller postpeak strength losses than similar smooth and textured HDPE and VFPE geomembrane interfaces; a polyester-based nonwoven geotextile yields higher peak and residual interface shear strengths when sheared against the faille PVC geomembrane surface than a polypropylene-based nonwoven geotextile; nonwoven geotextile fiber type appears to have an impact on PVC geomembrane/nonwoven geotextile interface shear strength; a nonwoven geotextile mass per unit area of 205 g/sq m appears to result in higher peak interface strengths than a 540 g/sq m geotextile for the faille PVC geomembrane surface; and calendaring a nonwoven geotextile produces greater interface shear strength with the faille PVC geomembrane than a noncalendared geotextile.


. This 78 page mon~graph which is pubhsh~d. by. the ~mencan Psychiatric Associanon ]S, as ItS Medical Director states in his forward.: "A positive, objective report o~ the diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostIc values which free-choice occupati.on~l ther~py offers for hospitalized psychlatnc patients'.'. It not only descnbes the Occupational Therapy Program of the De~ar~ment of Psychiatry at the Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, but also reports on research carried out in this area. The authors have become convinced that it is impractical to structure assignments f07newly admitted patients. They are continually struck with the endless or~ginality and.therapeutic effectiveness WIth which patients structure their own work when given the freedom to do so. In acco~dance wir~ their emphasis on free-~h~Ice occupa~IOnal therapy patients are invited, not instructed, to go to occupatI~nal therapy. They have noted that certain types of occupational therapy productions are characteristic of and occur during, four distinct phases ~f illness and h~spital care: (1) 'a period of acu~e emotI.0t.I~l decompensation; (2) a period of Initial emotional restitution' (3) a predischarge symptom flare-up~ and (4) a final period called "weaning re~ct~on". A ?rief summary of how pamtmgs particularly change during these four stages is given, followed by yery brief and general statements relatmg to th~ psychodynamics of arts and crafts, patient-staff relationships in O.T., and. the therapeutic aspects of freer C'~OIC: O.T. Twenty-nine brief case histories are given as illustrations. T?e book appears to he written prim~nly for psychoanalytically-trained or onented psychiatrists who wish to use O.T: objects for diagnostic and therapeutiC purposes. There are all too few cent.e~s in w~ich the psychiatrist actively partI~Ipates In the analysis of O.T. productions and from this point of view the book is encouraging. The short-coming of the treatise is that it presents no detailed or specific ways for the Occupational Therapist to become proficient in this approach, other than to act as a technician to collect this data for later interpretation by others in staff rounds. The bibliography is very limited, little reference is made to research carried out at other 'centers with similar objectives. The usefulness of the book lies in the delineation. o! the four-phase concept, the emphasis It places on free activity in O.T., and the ineffectiveness of the outdated prescription form for O.T. admittance. The specific models of how psych~dynamics can be used by the Occupational Therapist in her own setting has been strongly underscored.


Again, abstracting away details gives statistical models capturing the population properties in the large. There exists a wealth of first-principles models that are tailored to explicitly explain certain ecology-level phenomena (for example, see [57]). However, applying the straightforward modeling principles and letting them cumulate, the originally simple (nonlinear) formulas soon become very complicated, and the value of the models becomes compromised. One should keep in mind that it is individuals only that exist, giving rise to the emergent properties: It can be claimed that without taking the actors into account gives incorrect intuitions. Not whatever simplifications are appropriate when modeling populations — again, it is the neocybernetic principles that should be applied. This time the model structures already exist, and the "off-the-shelf" models can be directly exploited.


Bendable lens element is secured to the substrate along the optical axis, accommodating intraocular lens that define a space filled with fluid. The space in fluid communication haptic filled with disposed fluid through is responsive to the force exerted by the ciliary muscle by changing the volume of fluid in this space, the substrate outer edge of the lens element whereby It flexed against, changing the optical power of the intraocular lens.


Simple structure, high torque and low cost new hybrid type stepping motor (new HB-STM is used hereafter) is proposed and its torque performance is clarified theoretically. Also, this new motor is compared with conventional hybrid type stepping motor, and discussed the advantage and disadvantage in this paper.


The book reads as an intensely thought out life of two experienced Knowledge and Information Managers, with an analysis of all the problems and opportunities that offers. It is fun to guess whose experience is being cited at various stages: Dr Schopflin has held lead information governance roles in local government, and Matt Walsh has been global head of KM and intranet management in the legal and insurance sectors.


When Bitcoin became one of the world's most popular investment options, the cryptocurrency industry has showed potential development, and it had a similar influence on the Indian financial sector too. Aside from Bitcoin, other altcoins are gaining popularity and dominating the cryptocurrency market. As a result, the goal of this research is to identify at the macroeconomic factors that influence Bitcoin prices, such as the USD/INR exchange rate, gold prices, crude oil prices, the New York Stock Exchange Dow Jones (NYSE) price, NIFTY price, and Sensex price, as well as the prices of nine alternative cryptocurrencies in the cryptocurrency market: Binance coin, Bitcoin Cash, Bitcoin SV, Ether, Ethereum, Litecoin, Monero, Tether, and ripple. Bitcoin volume and market capitalization are additional factors, undertaken in the study, that are potential influencers of cryptocurrency pricing. The time series data, which comprises of bi-weekly data for all variables, will be used from 2015 to 2020. The OLS (ordinary least square) regression model in EVIEWS will be used in this study to conduct an empirical analysis.


Prediction of plasma disruption using artificial neural networks(ANN) has been investigated on HL-2A.Two methods have been adopted to train ANN.In the first one,the original experimental data are used directly as the ANN input.In the second one,in order to reduce the noise and enlarge the implicit disruption information in original Mirnov signal,the preprocessing is given in original Mirnov signal in the training subset.The prediction results indicate that the second method is more accurate and effective comparing with the first one.


Methods : We included 432,587 subjects who received national health examinations from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-based National Sample Cohort. We matched subjects' residential ZIP codes with average of hourly-measurements of PM2.5 concentration and meteorological data during study period. Based on supervised learning methods to construct prediction models, we used a sequential method of feature construction and automated selection by information gain ranking to identify predictive risk factors from the various health examination parameters. We built prediction models using boosted ensemble algorithm with 10-fold cross-validation. We compared the incident AF prediction models using c-index, net reclassification improvement index (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement index (IDI).


The adsorption and reduction characteristics of chromium(VI) by oak sawdust were studied. The optimum adsorption condition is obtained from the measurement of the distribution coefficient() and adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) on the sawdust by changing pH of the solution. As a result, it was found that pH 2.0 was optimum because of Cr(VI) was maximum and reducing quantity was minimum. By the use of these characteristics of the oak sawdust, the removing of Cr(VI) in industrial waste water was examined.


Real time flat panel detectors based on amorphous selenium (a-Se) have demonstrated to be the most advanced technology for direct conversion X-ray imaging in various medical applications. In continuation of real time detector development, ANRAD Corporation introduce in this paper a large size 14 inches X 14 inches active area detector built with an amorphous selenium (a-Se) converter coated on a TFT array. This new detector is a scaled up version of the 9 inches X 9 inches presented last year based on a TFT array with 150 um x 150 um pixel and a 1000 mm thick a-Se PIN structure operated at 10V/um. DQE(f=0) measurements were performed in low dose range and demonstrated to be in agreement with a linear model including 2500e of electronic noise. It is also shown that the spatial resolution (MTF) could be controlled by selenium coating process and can almost reach the theoretical limit defined by the pixel pitch. Finally, the first 14 inches X 14 inches chest image is presented.


Provided is a method for producing an optically active 4-carbamoyl-2,6-dimethylphenylalanine derivative, which is a compound useful as an intermediate for a medicine, in a simple manner and with high efficiency.
4-carbamoyl-2,6-dimethylbenzoic acid, a carbamoyl chloride and a base are reacted together to produce a corresponding acid anhydride mixture, and then the acid anhydride mixture is reduced to produce 4-carbamoyl-2,6-dimethylbenzyl alcohol. The use of this compound enables an optically active 4-carbamoyl-2,6-dimethylphenylalanine derivative to be produced in a simple manner and with high efficiency.


The convergence properties of the gradient, conjugate gradient, and Davidon-Fletcher-Powell methods for the singular, finite-dimensional quadratic minimization problem are developed. It is shown that for all of the methods, except the gradient method, that the minimum is obtained in at most m iterates, where m is the dimension of the range of the Hessian matrix, as opposed to n >m iterates for nonsingular problems. A class of associated nonsingular quadratic problems is defined to show that the gradient method has slower convergence on singular problems than on corresponding nonsingular approximations to the singular problems while the conjugate direction methods have more rapid convergence. This implies that slow convergence attributed to singular problems is actually a property of the gradient method as opposed to the singularity of the problem.


Within industrial domains there is a need for control room operators to be in constant contact with the different processes they are responsible for controlling. With this responsibility comes the need to constantly be near their workstations in order to monitor, diagnose and quickly troubleshoot issues presented. These workstations, however, restrict operators in control rooms from moving freely within the control room itself, such as between their own and their colleague's workstations since they cannot interact with the system from a distance. These systems also restrict those operators who need to continuously enter the control room from the plant/factory floor since interacting with process graphics requires them to remove all of their specialized equipment every time (e.g. large bulky safety gloves). We therefore present a concept for control room operators that supports their untethering from dedicated workstations, providing them with the ability to interact in a more flexible way.


Argumentative writing, which will help shape students' thinking, is quite essential to collegiate education. However, Chinese college students' argumentative writings are always labelled as monotonousness in structure, vagueness in standpoints and illogicality in reasoning. With the rationale that the weakness of argumentative writing is partially due to the deficiency of critical thinking skills, the paper proposed to infuse critical thinking skills into Chinese argumentative writing process. 30 Chinese sophomores at the age of 20 to 21 who majored in English participated in the 14-week study. The argumentative writing test with rubrics was applied as the instrument to assess participants' argumentative writing ability. Via the qualitative analysis, it was found that the participants made significant progress in argumentative writing after the instruction of critical thinking skills into argumentative writing process, especially in terms of the sub-abilities of claim statement and evidence development.


Objective To discuss the clinical effects of rescue measures and medicine treatment on cerebral hemorrhage.Methods A series of rescue measures had been performed in emergency department on 60 cases after the first check,including vital signs and ECG monitoring,sedation,oxygen,dehydration,brain pressure drop,smooth breathing,dehydration decreasing the intracranial pressure,etc.Results There's no death before emergency treatment.The condition of 60 patients had different changes.44 cases(73.33%)recovered better,15 cases(25%)were in vegetative state,and 1(1.67%) case was dead after treatment 2 weeks.Conclusion The most effective treatment measure of cerebral hemorrhage in emergency department was "early treatment",which required the joint efforts of medical staffs.


This thesis focuses on the development of a new synthetic strategy towards twelve-membered tetraaza macrocycles and the synthesis of new sulfhydryl reactive linker moieties for the application in pseudocontact shift (PCS) NMR spectroscopy.

The first part addresses the development of a new robust synthetic procedure for the selective synthesis of twelve-membered tetraaza macrocycles using natural amino acids and derivatives as cheap chiral building blocks. Cyclization of linear tetrapeptides was attempted but due to the preferred trans configuration of the peptide bond only small amounts of the cyclic tetrapeptide were obtained. Tetraalanine was reduced to tetraalaninol and the cyclization of tetraalaninol in solution was attempted using a preorganized bisaminal approach. This approach was unsuccessful and no product could be isolated. A more flexible mixed amine / amide tetramer was synthesized and successfully cyclized under modest dilution conditions forming a C2 symmetric twelve-membered bislactam. This reaction was highly efficient and afforded various bislactams based on alanine, alanine / valine and alanine / serine in good yields. From these bislactams various valuable intermediates for further tag synthesis are accessible as well as the final tetraaza macrocycles M4-cyclen, M2P2-cyclen and M3O1-cyclen. The newly developed approach allows the synthesis of a variety of differently substituted twelvemembered macrocycles.

The second part primarily focuses on the development of new sulfhydrylreactive linker moieties for site-selective protein tagging. The widely used formation of a disulphide linkage has the inherent problem of being unstable under reductive conditions as they are found in living cells, limiting the range of application to buffered in-vitro applications. Pyridine phenyl sulfone based tags were synthesized and in-cell NMR experiments were conducted with the B1 domain of the streptococcal protein G (GB1). The structure of the protein was successfully calculated with the Rosetta approach using only pseudocontact shifts and residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) obtained from in-cell experiments in oocytes. We proved for the first time that accurate structures of proteins inside cells can be generated solely from experimental PCSs and RDCs within the Rosetta package. The conjugation speed was dramatically increased for the fluorine substituted pyridine phenyl sulfone analogue decreasing the reaction time from 24 h at 40 °C to six hours at 20-25 °C. Further enhancement was achieved using a pyridine thiazol allowing efficient tagging in less than one hour at 20-25 °C and pH 7.0.

The last part deals with various different applications of M8-DOTA in order to solve structural or biological problems. Gd-M8-DOTA was selectively coupled to the Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) for in-vivo magnetic resonance imaging experiments. PiB strongly interacts with the amyloid plaques found in Alzheimer's disease and thus PiB-Gd-M8-DOTA allows detecting amyloid plaques by MRI.

A second collaboration project addresses the problems found in the assignment of a hexa-polyproline. Due to the repetitive nature of this peptide the chemical shift dispersion was small. Increasing the chemical shift range found in hexa-polyproline was the goal of the attempted conjugation of M8-DOTA to the hexa-polyproline. We showed that M8-DOTA can not be coupled to the N-terminal aniline moiety and a less sterically demanding amine linker is required.

Prospective experiments were carried out on Eu-M8-DOTA and its closely related derivatives, Eu-M4-DOTA and Eu-DOTA, in order to check for possible applications in Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) spectroscopy. All complexes were not luminescence under UV irradiation and a UV harvesting molecule was required. Eu-azaxanthon-M7-DOTA showed excellent luminescence properties required for potential applications in FRET spectroscopy. Preliminary experiments with Tb-M7PyThiazol-DOTA showed similar properties with a red shifted UV absorption maximum (from 250 nm to 300 nm) indicating great potential for FRET spectroscopy.


By analyzing the loopholes and weakness in the current version of Border Gateway Protocol(BGP) and noting the potential attacksbased on TCP, this paper gives the BGP security threat model and the corresponding preventive strategy, and explains how to extend the functions ofthe protocol. As an example, a typical security precaution setup of the CISCO routing is illustrated. Practice proves that, network security andstability can be effectively improved through access control lists, digital signature, routing filtering, source address detection and protocol extendedfunction.


Commodity derivatives trading started in over-the-counter markets, but the trading has since expanded to exchange markets where futures contracts are now transacted, daily. Additionally, although, commodity derivatives were initially designed to hedge against adverse price movements in agricultural produce such as cotton, grain, pigs, and cattle they currently cover other aspects of commerce, such as minerals trading- encompassing, petroleum, gold and others. This paper reports on the various commodity derivatives trading, including agricultural produce; and, most importantly, on how the net cost of carry relations is used to explain the derivatives trading mechanism.


We demonstrate an all-fiber narrow-linewidth amplifier employing a bidirectional pump scheme and cascaded white-noise-source phase-modulated seed laser. The stimulated Raman scattering effect in the amplifier is investigated by substituting different types of seed lasers. The influence of pump distributions and seed injection power on mode instability (MI) in the amplifier is also experimentally investigated. As a result, a 3 dB linewidth of 0.175 nm and a beam quality of M2  ≈  1.5 are obtained at the output of ~3 kW, without observation of MI and stimulated Brillouin scattering effect. With the further increase of pump power, MI occurs as the output exceeds 3.17 kW, along with beam quality degradation. Optical efficiency decreases to 71.5% at the ultimate output of 3.5 kW. Therefore MI becomes the main limitation to further power scaling.


Synopsis This study was motivated by the October 2004 levee-breaching case in the Maruyama River that took place under extremely high flood stage. The overflow and outburst brought about a range of sedimentary features to an adjacent paddy field with clayey subsoil. They included a plunge pool and two massive particulate ridges which were formed on either side of the central erosion-dominant zone. The breaching-induced topographical changes were precisely measured using digital photogrammetry and incorporated into a geographical information system (GIS), facilitating an analysis of the sediment budget. The severity of the inundating water was assessed based on a bedload transport theory, with the observation that only the large clay lumps were left on the central erosion-dominant zone. Furthermore, a discussion is made of the usefulness and limitations in a specially designed yet print-based, geomorphological classification map for the flood-prone Maruyama River basin that has witnessed land-use evolution over the past thirty years since its initial publication.


Many cases of comminuted fracture of the calcaneus disclose joint involvement with damage to the posterior articular surface of the cal caneus. A lateral fragment with the outer part of the articular facet is displaced and tilted. Nowadays fractures of this kind are often subjected to operation. The displaced fragment is reduced and the underlying cavity is filled with bone chips. The projections generally employed at roentgen examination of the calcaneus, viz. the lateral and semi-axial views, offer inadequate information regarding the ap pearance of the posterior articular surface of the calcaneus. This surface should be examined by means of projections clearly reproducing the subtaloid joint. The posterior articular surface of the calcaneus has a shape that may be com pared to a part of the curved surface of a frustum of a cone, with the base directed lateroposteriorly and the top medioanteriorly. The angle between the central axis of the cone and the longitudinal axis of the foot equals approximately 45° (Fig. 1). The inclination of the joint sur face is slightly medioanterior, the angle being about 15°. The tangents to the an terior and posterior parts of the joint Fig. 1.


While much interest has been stirred by the apparent face validity of certain catastrophe theory models to describe social situations (see, for example, the entire September 1978 issue til Behavioral Science; Zeeman, 1977; Starobin, 1976; Brown, 1977; Fung, 1980), to date not much empirical testing of such models has been accomplished. For the most part, the lone exception is Zeeman's (1977) examination of prison disturbances. This paper presents the results of a set of preliminary tests of a collective bargaining model which uses the cusp catastrophe. As such, the paper deals with the group level of living systems.


The spectroscopic properties of F3+ ions in tetrahedral sites in garnets, together with the good packing of these sites around the dodecahedral position occupied by rare-earth ions, favor a very efficient energy transfer from Fe3+ to TM3+. Since Fe3+ does not introduce additional losses, this ion is a potential sensitizer for Tm3+ laser emission.


The invention relates to a refractory product, a composition for the production of the product, a process for the manufacture of the product, and a use of the refractory product.