Because of the effects of environment,illumination and ethnicity,skin-color clustering in different images are not the same.As a result,for images with complex backgrounds,a fixed decision boundary skin-color model may lead to high false rejection rate and false detection rate.Based on the segmentation result of a fixed decision boundary skin-color model in YCbCr color space,a simplified Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm was used to train the adaptive Gaussian model for a specific image.Combining the fixed model and the adaptive Gaussian model could produce the final skin color model for skin color segmentation.The experimental results show that the method can greatly improve skin-color segmentation accuracy,and reduce both false rejection rate and false detection rate.


This paper is main to find the best way to make a plan about the generators operation. Firstly, we describe all conditions as constraints exactly. Secondly, we simplify the models by using zero-one liner programming. Thirdly, we use non-liner optimization and integer programming to create the objective function. Because of a great quantity of work, we use interior-point method as an example to increase efficiency. Also, we offer a way to get the optimum solution by using Lingo. The method and solving process provides a theories analysis foundation for optimization of generators and other related problems.


It is well recognized that the university students under the Chinese traditional teaching model are lack of creativity and scientific thinking.Didactic teaching imprisons the students' mind,and the examination directed curriculum compels students learning by rote.Science starts from problem.However,the Chinese university students are bad at coming up with questions.To improve the current situation,reformation of teaching model is extremely urgent.The problem-based learning(PBL) applied in medical education worldwide is a good teaching model,which trains students to improve their capability to come up with questions and resolve problems,and simultaneously to advance their logical reasoning ability.Therefore,strengthening the application of PBL teaching model in Chinese universities may be a good strategy for improving the scientific thinking of university students.


It is very important to understand the vibration and noise characteristics of a structure to developed quiet machines and lessen their noise. In this paper, the vibration and sound radiation characteristics of a simple and a bar-stiffened plate have been investigated using numerical and experimental techniques. In numerical process, FEM analysis has been performed for the vibration level ; the time-space squared and averaged velocity and BEM analysis for sound radiation parameters ; sound power and radiation efficiency. In experimental process, FFT signal processing method has been used. While a power from an exiciter is applied to the structure by using a point contact, sound intensity and vibration level has been measured. Based on these two data, the radiation efficiency has been calculated. Results show that the radiation efficiency for the stiffened structure increases compared to the simple plate, due to the extra edges provided by the stiffener.


According to the plugging rate and recovery factor, the plugging performance was studied by physical simulation experiment. The results of experiment indicate that the average diameter of SMG particle prepared by 27.7×104mg/L brine change very small at 84℃. Nano SMG can flow in core and produce more than 50% plugging rate. Micron SMG is inapplicable to low-permeability reservoir. In the later stage of high water cut, SMG particles can further enhance oil recovery.


ABSTRACT We study intraday stochastic volatility for four liquid stocks traded on the New York Stock Exchange using a new dynamic Skellam model for high-frequency tick-by-tick discrete price changes. Since the likelihood function is analytically intractable, we rely on numerical methods for its evaluation. Given the high number of observations per series per day (1000 to 10,000), we adopt computationally efficient methods including Monte Carlo integration. The intraday dynamics of volatility and the high number of trades without price impact require nontrivial adjustments to the basic dynamic Skellam model. In-sample residual diagnostics and goodness-of-fit statistics show that the final model provides a good fit to the data. An extensive day-to-day forecasting study of intraday volatility shows that the dynamic modified Skellam model provides accurate forecasts compared to alternative modeling approaches. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.


INJURIES OF THE CHEST involving fractures of a number of ribs are not uncommon, although few surgeons have had more than a few cases under their care. This type of injury is a serious one, and it results in a clinical condition which is often peculiarly difficult to manage. The purpose of this communication is to review the problem of management, and to suggest that early surgical treatment may in certain circumstances greatly simplify the problem of treatment.


Contents: Authors, dates and texts The art of interpreting dreams The cultural, historical, and social background The Oneirocriticon of Daniel: the dreambook of the holy prophet Daniel, with the help of holy God, according to the alphabet The Oneirocriticon of Nicephorus: The dreambook of Nicephorus, Patriarch of Constantinople The Oneirocriticon of Astrampsychus The Oneirocriticon of Germanus: the dreambook of Germanus, Patriarch of Constantinople The anonymous Oneirocriticon: an additional [dreambook] drawn from the experience of the wise The Oneirocriticon of Manuel II Palaeologus: a dreambook by Manuel Palaeologus Bibliography of works cited Indexes.


Currently, undeveloped diagnosis and delayed treatment of bacteria‐infected sites in vivo not only expand the risk of tissue infection but are also a major clinical cause of multiple drug‐resistant bacterial infections. Herein, an efficient nanoplatform for near‐infrared (NIR)‐light‐controlled release and bacteria‐targeted delivery of nitric oxide (NO) combined with photothermal therapy (PTT) is presented. Using maltotriose‐decorated mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA‐Mal) and BNN6, a smart antibacterial (B@MPDA‐Mal) is developed to combine bacterial targeting, gas‐controlled release, and PTT. Utilizing bacteria's unique maltodextrin transport system, B@MPDA‐Mal can accurately distinguish bacterial infection from sterile inflammation and target the bacteria‐infected sites for efficient drug enrichment. Moreover, NIR‐light causes MPDA to generate heat, which not only effectively induces BNN6 to produce NO, but also raises the temperature to harm the bacteria further. NO/photothermal combination therapy effectively eliminates biofilm and drug‐resistant bacteria. The myositis model of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection is established and indicates that B@MPDA‐Mal can successfully eradicate inflammation and abscesses in mice. Meanwhile, magnetic resonance imaging technology is used to monitor the treatment procedure and healing outcomes. Given the aforementioned advantages, the smart antibacterial nanoplatform B@MPDA‐Mal can be used as a potential therapeutic tool in the biomedical field against drug‐resistant bacterial infections.


This paper studies the impact of the Basel III agreements on loan offer to Moroccan SMEs via an econometric model. The question is of capital importance in a context which follows the crisis of 2007, and which requires the reinforcement of the regulatory system in adequacy with the international measures, but which intervenes within the framework of a contraction of the bank financing implied by the recession accentuated by the covid19 crisis, the issue of ex-ant evaluation of the possible impacts of the implementation of Bale III on SMEs, is likely to provide a clearer vision before the full deployment of such a measure. Study combines data specifically to Moroccan SMEs from a large local bank, with characteristic data of the bank in question from the latter's official publications, after associating this data with proxies representing the variables introduced by Bale III in a fixed effect panel model. According to our results, the new regulations have a negative impact on SMEs during the period 2011-2016. The Leverage ratio has the greatest negative impact, followed by the short-term liquidity ratio, while the long-term liquidity ratio has a slight negative effect which may be insignificant in particular due to its non-entry into force according to our results.


Differential capacitive sensors are widely used in industry to measure various parameters such as pressure, displacement and force. In this paper an improved switched capacitor signal-conditioning circuit for these kind of sensors is proposed, which can provide a linear output voltage proportional to variations in capacitances of the sensors (possessing either linear or inverse characteristics). Results of executed simulations approve the linearity of input-output relation and ability of the circuit to provide discriminated values for different states of the sensor.


In the thesis,the author first raises the problems on the traditional teaching method according to his football teaching practise of many years.Then he analyses the peculiar charactors of skills in regard to football teaching,and finally he puts forward some specific measures on how to improve the teaching.


The main reason for writing this paper is the recent discovery of the date of the cloister of S. John Lateran in Rome. It is not a minute description, but merely a sketch, the main object of which is a brief comparative study of the Roman cloisters and a tentative grouping of them according to style, so as to bring into relief the importance of the Lateran cloister as the originator and propagator of a new style, and incidentally to call attention to some interesting Roman cloisters that are practically unknown. The medieval cloisters of Rome are numerous and some of them are unsurpassed in beauty. Two stand pre-eminent: the cloisters of S. John Lateran and of S. Paul outside the walls. They are as alike as twin sisters, and yet the carefully trained eye will perceive that the Lateran is slightly superior in artistic beauty, and the historical critic may conclude that it is also a trifle earlier in date. Both belong to the first half of the thirteenth century, when the Roman school had reached the summit of its artistic glory, and are works of exquisite taste, symmetrical proportions, beautiful finish, and inexhaustible fertility of detail. Reference to PLATE XIV. will supplement the following brief description of the Lateran cloister. The four sides of the quadrangle are formed of round arches supported on coupled marble shafts with single abaci and sub-bases but with separate capitals and bases. The shafts are of varied form, some simple, some twisted or in spirals, some inlaid with


Hourly values of daytime energy balance components were obtained for 5 days in late summer at a wooded swamp in southern Ontario. Bowen ratio estimates of the energy used in evaporation were compared with values obtained from the equilibrium form of the combination model. Agreement between the two methods was found to be poor for hourly values but better in the case of daytime totals, where the proportion of Bowen ratio to equilibrium estimates varied from 0.7 to 1.04. The results did not support the use of a potential evaporation formula despite an apparently nonlimiting supply of moisture in the soil.


The effect of added formaldehyde on the oxidation of acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde between 119 and 188°C has been studied using a static system. Formaldehyde retards the oxidation, and at 188°C the rate after 25 % consumption of CH3CHO(ρ0.25) is linearly related to the reciprocal of the initial concentration of CH2O(Fi). However, at 119°C ρ0.25 decreases to a minimum and then increases as Fi is increased. The change in formaldehyde concentration during retarded oxidations showed that CH3CHO and CH2O are both removed mainly by reaction with peracetyl radicals, CH3CO3+ CH3CHO→CH3CO3H + CH3CO (3), CH3CO3+ HCHO→CH3CO3H + HCO (7)k7/k3 being about 2.4 at 119 and 188°C. Only about one in seven of the formyl radicals give carbon monoxide at 119°C.The kinetic and analytical data are explained on the basis of the mechanism given in Part 1 with the addition of reaction (7). It is suggested that some performic acid is formed at 119°C and causes extra branching by reaction with acetaldehyde.


Food is correlated with fungi in two opposite ways. In a positive way, we think of traditional and exotic fermented foods from different parts of the world. The variety of those foods is wide, ranging from tempe and soy sauce in Asia to different types of cheese in Europe and the Middle East (Campbell-Platt, 1994). For the case of these fermented foods, we use the ability of fungi to degrade complex polymeric substrates to smaller compounds that are easily taken up by men. Some fungi can also consecutively convert the degraded compounds into other type of desirable metabolic products that determine the typical composition, taste, odour, consistency and colour of fermented foods. In a negative way, we think of unwanted spoilage or rotting of foods. A negative view on fungi includes exactly the same principles of digestion of complex substrates and production of other products. In both views the benefit of the fungi is served namely, the optimal survival by living in, growing on, and colonising a food matrix. The process of how fungi grow on and colonise a solid food matrix is described as solid-substrate or solid-state fermentation (SSF). A growing interest in SSF has been shown by a significant increase in numbers of publications on this topic in the past 20 years. Sufficient knowledge about the process of how fungi interact with a substrate matrix is absolutely needed to manipulate SSF processes, in order to: (1) improve the desired fermented (food) products yield and quality, and (2) prevent food spoilage. However, the knowledge of basic phenomena and their influence on metabolic responses in SSF is still relatively limited including such subjects as kinetics of enzyme production, release and transport, and kinetics of substrates conversion. Those processes are determined by transport phenomena of substrates, metabolites and hydrolytic enzymes. Knowledge of these transport phenomena is crucial to a further understanding of the kinetics in SSF. In this chapter, transport phenomena during fungal colonisation on a substrate matrix are described. Firstly, the occurrence of those phenomena and the complex consequences in SSF are explained. Secondly, some examples from published modelling and experimental work using diffusive transport phenomena are shown. Due to the complex features of SSF and based on diffusion as the transport mechanism, many authors have produced mathematical models to study and understand SSF, e.g., to predict biomass growth. Finally, possible transport phenomena other than diffusion are discussed.


This report outlines the simplification of vibration analyses during structural design. Design formulas are reviewed by comparison with the results of detailed calculations and attainable confidence limits are determined. Published results of vibration measurements are complied and evaluated by regression analysis. New and modified formulas are derived. The results are valid primarily for container ships and multipurpose vessels presently being built at German Shipyards. The results show that the design formulae give good results for the frequencies of the lower vertical ship hull vibration modes. The horizontal and torsional vibrations depend to a large extent on the distribution of mass, particularly on the vertical location of the centre of gravity, which shows considerable variation during operation. Predictions of these modes are therefore less accurate. Global deckhouse vibrations are very difficult to be predicted accurately during the design stage. The natural frequencies depend to a large extent on the stiffness of the supporting structure for the deckhouse in the ship, which is very difficult to account for in the design formulae, particularly for the very short and high deckhouses of modern multipurpose vessels. The typical procedure of the vibration in ship design is illustrated in this report, including the calculations of forced vibrations. Requests for copies of this report should be addressed to the Forschungszentrum des Deutschen Schiffbaus, An der Alster 1, 2000 Hamburg 1, Germany.


Internet of things is becoming a big part of almost every sector and Obstetrics/Gynecology is no exception. IoT serving major roles form automating drudgery and tasks in medical practice to manage patients and medical resources. This IoT provides the outputs immediately but cannot completely depend on the decision, human interaction is necessary. It sure does as environment around mom is good, so it leads to better health of both mom and child. The importance of health care during pregnancy is emphasized because proper health care increases the probability of a successful pregnancy, a successful infant. Maintain healthy environment, regular monitoring of the vital parameters of fetus and women, that should eventually decrease the mortality rate. Molecular biology researchers would have sufficient expertise or resources to manually create and maintain relation between findings in their field, owing to the rapid growth of data both in molecular biology and in virtually every clinical medicine domain. The Internet of Things (IoT), network of interconnected medical devices is an application for health-related uses, collection of data, processing for testing and monitoring. This review article aims about how IoT can track and allows healthcare persons to be more responsive and interact with patients which provides a basis to interpret new clinical and basic research ? ndings in the areas of cloning, gene transfer and targeting, the application of genetic medicine to clinical conditions, ethics, government regulation, genomics, and biotechnology and bioinformatics.


The aim of this study is to determine the effect of history teaching supported by dramatization technique on students' success and permanence in history education in comparison with the traditional teaching. In this research, the semi experimental method which was practiced by pre-test, post-test and permanence test were used and it was studied on two different student groups. One of them is control group tested with lecture method and the other one is experimental group tested by dramatization technique. Tested group consists of 63 students who studying in classes 10-A and 10-B of a vocational high school of Kırıkkale. This study is limited with units of "From Principality to State" in 10th grade students. During this experiment containing retention test were applied to experimental and control groups and the results were analyzed by the program SPSS 16.0. According to the findings obtained, in history lesson: there is a significant difference between the points of success and permanence of the group which is tested by dramatization technique and the group which is tested by teacher centered teaching. In other words, the dramatization technique, which actively involved students in the learning environment, was found to be more effective in the educational success of students and permanence of the information they learned compared to the teacher centered approach on the transfer of historical information to the students. of the two groups, in favor of the experimental group. Based on the results of the "t" test performed to identify whether there is a significant difference between the average post- test scores of both groups, "t" value is 61, "*p" value is 0.007 and is less than 0.05 (*p <0.05). This finding shows that there is a significant difference between the post-test results of two groups, in favor of the experimental group in which the dramatization technique was applied.


25(OH)D may play role in differentiation and development of the hippocampus(1).25(OH)D deficiency was associated with reduced hippocampal volume in mild cognitive impairment(MCI)(2).We previously have shown that 25(OH)D levels were independently associated with reduced cognition independent from disease and AD‐related morphological changes(3),however the association with hippocampal subfields was not studied.We aimed to study the possible association between hippocampal subvolumes and 25(OH)D levels in our middle‐old age research participants.


The transient FPO molecule was produced in a flow by pyrolysis of 5% F2POPF2 in Ar at 1300–1400°C. High resolution (0.008 cm−1) Fourier transform infrared spectra of the a-type ν1 and ν2 bands centered at 1297.54 and 819.57 cm−1, respectively, were measured and fitted to excited state parameters up to quartic centrifugal distortion constants. Millimeter-wave spectra between 300 and 370 GHz of FPO in the ground and 3
= 1 excited states were recorded, and 124 and 86 lines, respectively, including for both states a- and b-type transitions, were measured and fitted to a Watson A-type Hamiltonian up to sextic centrifugal distortion terms. High-level ab initio calculations with large basis sets were performed for FPO to provide reliable structural parameters
as well as harmonic [CCSD(T)/AVQZ + 1] and anharmonic [MP2/VQZ + 1] force fields up to quartic terms. The spectroscopic constants derived from these force fields are generally in excellent agreement with experiment. The calculations moreover suggest anharmonic interactions between ν2 and 2ν3, and between ν1 and ν2
+
ν3. Deperturbation of the 1
= 1 and 2
= 1 levels was done, and the results are in support of a band center of ν3 close to 412 cm−1. Consistent experimental and theoretical equilibrium structures were determined for FPO, with re(PO) 145.3 pm, re(PF) 157.3 pm and θe(FPO) 110.1°. The collision-controlled 1/e
 life-time of FPO generated by an electric discharge in an F2POPF2/Ar mixture at 8–10 Pa and at room temperature is 8 ms.


Researches had been done on establishment and optimization(orthogonal experiment )of E.dunnii tissue culture system,and the results showed: differe nt clones had different results in bud induction and callus induction, and MS+ BA 0.2 mg·L-1 +IBA 1.0 mg·L-1 medium was fit for the stimulation of buds; BA and IBA acted respectively as the most important influence element for prolif erate coefficient and height growth during subpassge procedure, and MS+BA 0 .5 mg·L-1+IBA 1.0-1.5 mg·L-1+sucrose 30 g·L-1 was theoretically the most suitable medium for seedling subpassge. Mixture ①, mixture ② and mixtur e ③ were mediums composed with growth hormone and nutriment ,and mixture ① ac ted as the most important influence element for rooting rate and number of root during rooting procedure, and mixture ①2 mg·L-1+ mixture ②125 ml·L-1 or 250 ml·L-1+ mixture ③1.5mg·L-1 was theoretically the most suitable medium for seedling rooting. The proliferate coefficient of the in vitro seedlings was more than 4.5 and rooting rate could reach to more than 80% after adjusting th e related theoretically most suitable medium.


In string theory, massless particles often originate from a symmetry breaking of a large gauge symmetry G to its subgroup H. The absence of dimension-4 proton decay in supersymmetric theories suggests that (D̄, L) are different from H̄(5̄) in their origins. In this article, we consider a possibility that they come from different irreducible components in g/h. Requiring that all the Yukawa coupling constants of quarks and leptons be generated from the super Yang–Mills interactions of G, we found in the context of Georgi–Glashow H = SU(5) unification that the minimal choice of G is E7 and E8 is the only alternative. This idea is systematically implemented in Heterotic String, M theory and F theory, confirming the absence of dimension 4 proton decay operators. Not only H = SU(5) but also G constrain operators of effective field theories, providing non-trivial information.


I want to thank the conference organizers for giving Sinikithemba Choir the opportunity to be here with you tonight and share our voices and music with you. And to the president, Bill Clinton, who has committed himself to fighting against the AIDS pandemic, I'm so honored to share the stage with him. For those of you who are looking at the programs this evening, you have been expecting to hear from Miss [Nonhlanhla] Mhlongo, who is the director of Sinikithemba HIV+ Choir and its support group for people who are living in Durban, South Africa. I pass my apologies for Miss Mhlongo. Unfortunately, she was unable to be with us this evening. As a member of Sinikithemba Choir, I was asked to stand in her place tonight. My name is Zinhale. This week as I was preparing for this trip from home in Durban, I became very excited, thinking that I'm going to see your faces—faces of the world's best scientists and experts in HIV research. To look out and see the people who have been on the front lines in the laboratories and clinics and hospitals, figuring out that things like AZT would fight the virus and discovering triple therapy called HAART, that it would give people life much longer. I know you're way past that, and you're busy thinking up new drugs, and you're busy thinking about resistance. You're also busy thinking about the new strategies of fighting with HIV, but I am so very excited about this triple therapy, which is so amazing. Like the members of the Sinikithemba Choir, I am HIV-positive. I'm just like them. Like them, I am living in a country with one of the highest HIV infection rates in the world. You know the [World Health Organization] statistics, but we ARE those statistics. On Saturdays, we go to funerals for our friends, our neighbors, and our families. And in our support group we have lost 10 members this past year to AIDS. At support groups on Tuesday, when you look around the room and see there is International AIDS Society–USA Topics in HIV Medicine


Mackerel (Rastrelliger sp) is one of small pelagic fish that plays an important role in contribute of animal protein for Jakarta community, so its quality and safety is one of the important priorities that need to be considered and maintained. This study analyzes the quality and safety of mackerel throughout the distribution chain for domestic consumption in Jakarta Province, starting from the fish landing, fish auction, wholesale markets, restaurants, supermarkets, and traditional markets. The research method used was field observations by taking mackerel samples at each distribution chain and testing at the laboratories. Quality characteristics were tested organoleptically and safety was tested with the parameters of formaldehyde content. The results showed that 100% of samples taken from fish landing and restaurant met the freshness standard accordance with organoleptic parameters, while at the wholesale market/merchant trader, supermarkets and at traditional markets was 95%, 77%, and 65% respectively. The results also showed that some samples of mackerel taken from distribution chain, contains formaldehyde hazardous materials (4 samples from wholesale markets, 6 samples from supermarkets, and 57 samples from traditional markets). The concentrations of formaldehyde in the positive samples at three location mentioned above are 1.0-5.4 ppm, 2.5-6.6 ppm, and 0.2 - 13.4 ppm respectively


Cognition is often discussed as being of fundamental importance to an accused person's fitness to stand trial (FST); however, there is limited empirical research in this area and no known published research within Australia. The aim of the present paper was to investigate the current practices of experts conducting FST assessments in Australia and to examine the role of cognition in these determinations. Expert reports (328) for 135 accused deemed unfit to stand trial between 2005 and 2010 in New South Wales (NSW) were examined. Collected data included the cognitive domains assessed, assessment techniques employed, the relationship between cognition and the Presser criteria, and demographic information. Results supported the hypothesis that cognition plays an important role in FST, in particular attention and memory; although there was significant variability in the practices and assessment methods of assessors. Results indicate a need for further research investigating the relationship between cognition and FST; as well as training and education for psychologists conducting FST assessments in Australia.


This article is concerned with initial boundary value problems for the Kawahara equation on bounded intervals. For general linear boundary conditions and small initial data, we prove the existence and uniqueness of a global regular solution and exponential decay as t→∞.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different hormonal protocols on the reproductive performance of Santa Inês ewes in Amazon environmental conditions. Twenty-two Santa Inês ewes between 3 and 4 years-old were distributed in a randomized block experimental design, where the treatments consisted of two protocols for estrus synchronization (short and long) with eleven animals each. Data on the occurrence of estrus were described for each protocol. Data of estrus, pregnancy, and prolificity were firstly subjected to ANOVA and a subsequent Tukey's test. Results were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05. The short-term protocol presented an interesting successful rate, where above 70% ewes tested had estrus. The long-term protocol also achieved a high successful rate, where above 80% ewes tested had estrus. However, comparing the protocols, the long-term protocol presented better results of positive estrus and pregnancy rates in ewes. Thus, it can be concluded that both protocols presented satisfactory results regarding estrus manifestation, and prolificity (lambs produced per ewe). However, under Amazon environmental conditions, the long-term protocol presented better results regarding positive manifestation of estrus and pregnancy rate.


Abstract
 In North America, Castor canadensis (Beaver) impoundments of low-order streams greatly modify ecological processes, influence stream biota, and impact fish movement. We evaluated the short-term effects of removing a beaver dam from an Appalachian headwater stream on a Salvelinus fontinalis (Brook Trout) population. Prior to dam removal, we found only one marked trout that had navigated the dam moving upstream and no marked trout from above the dam moving downstream. Immediately following dam removal, trout abundance above and below the dam increased 67.1% and 46.0%, respectively. During later samples, however, declines in both trout abundance and relative weight suggest the initial large increases in our study sections after dam removal may have led to increased competition among trout, causing large numbers to move several hundred meters further upstream, beyond our study site, in order to find acceptable habitat. These results demonstrate that the presence and subsequent removal of a beaver pond on a Brook Trout stream can be considered both beneficial and harmful; thus, site-specific evaluation is necessary to determine best whether to retain or remove ponds.


The market for organic products in India is in its infancy, and knowledge about organic consumers in the country is definitely under-researched. The objective of this paper is to gain knowledge about consumers' preferences regarding the purchase places of organic products in Bangalore, the capital of Karnataka state, India. The consumers' preferred places of purchase and their socio - demographic characteristics were collected by means of face to face interviews with 201 consumers by using the stratified simple random sampling technique at different locations in Bangalore. The data obtained from the survey were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Friedmen's test, Kendall's W test, and seemingly unrelated regression. The results revealed that the most preferred purchase places for organic food products were specialized organic stores and supermarkets. The least preferred purchase places were the local open markets and conventional retail shops. Furthermore, the results from seemingly unrelated regression showed that the preferences about places to purchase organic food products were mainly influenced by gender, education, family size, and family income. Policy makers in agricultural marketing, institutions who are involved in organic food marketing, and producers should consider the differences in consumer preferences and their socio-demographic attributes for determining and supporting efficient marketing channels for organic food products.


ABSTRACT This paper examines the qualities and skills needed by leaders and managers in Higher Education; the extent to which leaders and managers in 15 Moldovan Institutions perceive themselves to hold those qualities and skills; and the main drivers for holding higher levels of them. Review of the literature suggests that the qualities and skills examined belong to nine domains. The leaders and managers perceive themselves to be strongest on the Personal Values domain and weakest on Managing Resources. Where respondents have moved to the action stage of learning, perceive their organisation to be supportive of development, and have access to a broader range of development activities they are more likely to report higher levels of competence on the qualities and skills. The paper concludes that where institutions want to develop leadership and management capacity they need to help leaders and managers to psychologically commit to acting on their development needs.


Preface Acknowledgments About the Editors About the Contributors Introduction: About This Book Part I: THE FUNDAMENTAL CONNECTION OF SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL LEARNING/EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE, AND THE PROCESS OF LEARNING 1. The Connection Between Academic and Social-Emotional Learning - Maurice J. Elias 2. Brain Development and Social-Emotional Learning: An Introduction for Educators - Carol A. Kusche & Mark T. Greenberg 3. Multiple Intelligences and Emotional Intelligence: Finding Common Ground in the Classroom - Thomas Hatch & Mindy L. Kornhaber Part II: HOW SEL/EI CREATES SYNERGY IN KEY CONTEXTS IN EDUCATION: SERVICE AND CITIZENSHIP, SCHOOL-TO-WORK, HEALTH, TEACHER PREPARATION, AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT 4. The Connection Between Character, Service, and Social-Emotional Learning: - Sheldon Berman & Mary Hansberry McCarthy 5. From School to Work: Social and Emotional Learning as the Vital Connection - Cary Cherniss & Daniel Goleman 6. Physical Health, Social-Emotional Skills, and Academic Success are Inseparable - Susan F. Wooley & Marcia A. Rubin 7. Addressing Social-Emotional Education in Teacher Education - Janet Patti 8. Raising Your New Teacher's Emotional Intelligence: How Using Social-Emotional Competencies Can Make Your First Year of Teaching Less Stressful and More Successful - Rose Reissman 9.The Professional Inquiry Kit: One Avenue for Exploring, Enhancing, and Applying Emotional Intelligence in Schools - Pam Robbins Part III: EDUCATORS TELL THEIR STORIES: HOW TO BRING SEL/EI INTO CLASSROOMS 10. I Can Problem Solve: An Interpersonal Cognitive Problem-Solving Approach for Children - Myrna B. Shure 11. Teaching Preschool Children Coping Skills for Stress Management - Gloria S. Elder & Jennie C. Trotter 12. Morning Meeting: Teaching the Art of Caring Conversation - Roxann Kriete 13. Raising Healthy Children: School Intervention Strategies to Develop Prosocial Behaviors - Kevin Haggerty & Carol Cummings 14. Social Decision Making/Social Problem Solving: A Theoretically Sound, Evidence-Based Framework for SEL in the Classroom - Linda Bruene Butler & Victoria Poedubicky 15. Inside Open Circle - Beverly J. Koteff & Pamela Seigle 16. Teaching Emotional Literacy in Elementary School Classrooms: The PATHS Curriculum - Carol A. Kusche & Mark T. Greenberg 17. The Second-Step Program: Social-Emotional Skills for Violence Prevention - Joan Cole Duffell, Kathy Beland, and Karin Frey 18. Fostering Caring, Character, and Responsibility in Schools - Susan Carroll Keister 19. Teaching Life Skills in the Schools - Steven J. Danish & Tanya Forneris 20. Read and Serve: Student-Centered Service Learning and Literacy - Rose Reissman 21. Heroes to the Rescue: Reaching the Roots of Learning - Eliot Rosenbloom & Ann Medlock 22. The "Best Practices in Prevention" Curriculum: Foundational Life Skills for General and Special Education - Ellen Dietz, Joanne Glancy, & Mike Dobbins 23. Teenage Health Teaching Modules: Social-Emotional Learning in the Context of Health Education - Christine Blaber 24. Facing History and Ourselves - Martin E. Sleeper & Margot Stern Strom 25. The "Senior Passage" Course - Rachael Kessler Epilogue Index


Provided is a method for preparing oil absorption cloth using feathers, comprising the following steps: (a) mixing together feathers and low-melting-point polypropylene/polyethylene bicomponent fibres while a water-based adhesive is sprayed on the mixture, then allowing the mixture to stand; the weight ratio therein of feathers to the polypropylene/polyethylene fibre is 70-85:15-30; (b) fabricating a fiber web with the feather- fibre mixture of step (a) by utilizing an air-laid web-forming machine; and (c) thermally bonding the fiber web at 125°C - 165°C to form a continuous multi-perforated oil absorption cloth. Problems of electrostatic aggregation and fiber web fracture occurring in the production process of oil absorption cloth with feathers are thereby solved.


In observational studies, a lower cancer risk was reported for patients with diabetes using metformin. However, many of these studies had shortcomings like time‐related biases. We aimed to compare the incidence rate of any cancer and some selected cancer sites in metformin, sulfonylurea, and insulin users and to reduce some major biases common in observational studies.


In this study, cross-linked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membranes containing various amounts of zirconium phosphate (ZrP) particles were fabricated using an electron beam irradiation method. The water uptake and IEC value of the cross-linked SPEEK/ZrP hybrid membranes were higher than those of cross-linked SPEEK membranes and increased with an increase in ZrP content. Furthermore, under high temperature and low humidity conditions (120°C and RH 35%), the cross-linked SPEEK/ZrP hybrid membrane exhibited a higher proton conductivity (1.41 × 10−3 S/cm) compared with the cross-linked SPEEK membrane (1.13 × 10−4 S/cm). POLYM. COMPOS., 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers


With the financial aid of the science and technology creating funds for students of Heilongjiang University,the research group investigated and studied the registered permanent residence files of Ewenki in Qing Dynasty stored in Heilongjiang Archives,in order to thoroughly know about the present situation of the historical materials of the population of Ewenki,and master the basic contents and essential value of them,and even to lay fundamental for further research on the history population of Ewenki.


The research and interventions that are made from the community-based health require criteria and guidelines to address the peculiarities of this work in contrast to disciplines that have developed codes of ethics for their development. Some principles provide key aspects to be taken into consideration, such as dignity and respect, protection, autonomy, distributive justice, equity, interculturality, intersectorality and interdisciplinarity. With these initial considerations, some organizations and institutions have developed guidelines, codes and principles that shape this body of knowledge ideally suited for working in the community health area, although a further elaboration and consolidation of these aspects still needs to be taken more into consideration and included in the initiatives being undertaken in the collectives. This paper does an initial review of the concept of community health and its key elements, to then expose the ethical principles that should guide the work within the community health area and examine some of those that have been proposed by organizations and institutions which, one way or another, work in the field to finally propose some thoughts that contribute to consolidating a bioethics orientation of the research and involvement from the community health services.


Just a few kilometres west of the brass lions and clock tower in Brisbane city's King George Square, over a patchwork of corrugated iron and great crowns of poinciana and fig trees, is a little crosshatch of streets on the floor of a suburban valley. The streets - Nash, Elizabeth, Baroona, Beck and a handful of others - are flanked on three sides by the steep ridges and folds of nearby Paddington, Bardon and Auchenflower. The fourth, and open, side runs through neighbouring Milton and down to the banks of the Brisbane River, less than a kilometre to the south-east.


In this paper, SEPTA'S experience with the one-on-one SCADA system is reviewed. To data this experience has been positive. SEPTA will shortly put into operation a dual-redundant computer-based single-master type system. This new system will handle not only substation control, but will also have the capability for single system supervision and fixed facility supervision.


It is well established that the general population tend to lack in-depth knowledge about key political and policy matters. What are the implications for policymaking? This chapter considers this question in the context of immigration policy, reporting first on a focus group study which offers evidence that reported desires for a reduced number of immigrants might ultimately reflect a desire for immigrants of (perceived) high quality, not a reduction in overall quantity, where quality is defined in terms of fiscal impact. The chapter then argues that public preferences for such "good immigrants" are problematic, deploying a number of counterfactual models that suggest that such preferences are based on mistaken beliefs, and arguing that they thereby likely fail to reflect what the person truly desires. These findings extend beyond immigration policy and serve to highlight the often-overlooked problem that policies implemented with reference to popular sentiments might not capture "the will of the people."


The utility model relates to a reinforced concrete split floor slab which comprises a reinforced concrete prefabricated component and a steel reinforcement; the floor slab is assembled by a plurality of reinforced concrete prefabricated components; a folding line-shaped steel reinforcement is arranged at the seaming part of the adjacent reinforced concrete prefabricated components; the steel reinforcement with folding line shape has strong cohesive force with concrete and can not generate the relative sliding motion; the local part of the seaming part of the prefabricated component can not easily generate a temperature shrinkage crack; meanwhile, the utility model has the advantages that the manufacturing process of the folding line-shaped steel reinforcement is simple, the consumption of the steel reinforcement is small, and the cost is low.


Until a decade ago, research in parallel programming was driven largely by the needs of computational science applications, which use techniques like the finite-difference and finite-element methods to find approximate solutions to partial differential equations. In finite differences, the key computational kernels are stencil computations on regular grids, and the solution of linear systems with structured sparsity such as banded systems. In finite-elements, the key computational kernel is the solution of sparse linear systems in which matrices have unstructured sparsity; these linear systems are usually solved using iterative methods like conjugate gradient in which the main computation is sparse matrix–vector multiplication. Parallel programming research therefore focused largely on language support, compilation techniques, and runtime systems for matrix computations. Languages like High Performance FORTRAN (HPF) [21] and Coarray FORTRAN [32] were developed to make it easier to write matrix applications. Sophisticated compiler technology based on polyhedral algebra was invented to optimize loop nests that arise in matrix computations [6, 13, 14]. Runtime systems and communication libraries like OpenMP and MPI provided support for communication and synchronization patterns found in these applications. While computational science applications and matrix computations continue to be important, our group at the University of Texas at Austin and several others across the world have shifted our focus to applications, such as the following ones, which compute on unstructured graphs.


The most recent developments of an efficient Iterative Physical Optics (IPO) algorithm for analyzing the electromagnetic scattering of complex and electrically large scenarios are presented. The algorithm predicts multiple interactions between the objects comprised in the scenarios under the Physical Optics (PO) approximation. Various techniques for accelerating and parallelizing the algorithm have been used, thus obtaining an efficient tool that can be used to realize a novel class of high-frequency solvers.


: Methotrexate (MTX) is widely used as an anchor drug for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). As one of the adverse events, there are several reports of MTX-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (MTX-LPD). However, the majority of reports were cases of B-cell malignant lymphoma, histopathologically. We describe our experience with a rare case of T-cell dominant MTX-LPD of the upper gingiva. A 87-year-old man was first referred to our clinic for pain of the anterior gingiva of the maxilla. He was a RA patient and had received MTX therapy for 12 years and bisphosphonate for 5 years. An ulcer with necrosis and bone exposure of the maxillary gingiva were partly seen. Histopathologically, biopsy specimens were diagnosed as T-cell dominant lymphoproliferative disease' and MTX-LPD was suspected because the patient had received MTX. Therefore, both MTX and bisphosphonate withdrawal resulted in disappearance of the lesion after 96 days. To date, there has been no evidence of recurrence.


Objective:To observe effects of Shenchang injection on expression of IL-6、IL-8 mRNA in MCAO Rat.Methods:The ischemia/reperfusion cerebral injury models were made in rat by MCAO.Shenchang injection was given by iv for 7 days,then expression of IL-6、IL-8 mRNA were observed by RT-PCR.Results:Shenchang injection could decrease expression of IL-6、IL-8 mRNA in MCAO Rat.Conclusion:One of mechanism of Shenchang injection alleviating ischemia cerebral injury may be by way of deceasing expression of IL-6、IL-8 mRNA,and relieve it's a series of damage.


Nowadays, our country is speeding up the construction of large size of shipbuilding fundamental in order to become the largest shipbuilding country. Research shows that if the government does not take some measures to control the construction size, the shipbuilding capacity of our country will be surplus seriously on rate of production until 2015.


Earlier work [Cone {ital et al.}, J. Phys. C {bold 17}, 3101 (1984); Cone {ital et al.}, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter {bold 5}, 573 (1993)] on EuVO{sub 4} has described the fluorescence excitation spectra associated with the large number of defect sites ({gt}50) previously discovered in this material. To establish which if any of the defect sites were intrinsic to the EuVO{sub 4} crystal structure rather than being dependent on particular growth procedures, EuVO{sub 4} crystals were prepared from fluxes with different compositions. The present work extends this study, using the techniques of spectral hole burning and optical detection of nuclear quadrupole resonance to examine at much higher precision the degree to which the defect spectra associated with the various crystal growths are identical, and to attempt a preliminary correlation of such spectra with the methods of crystal growth. We discuss the relative importance of the lattice and electronic contributions to the ground-state quadrupole interactions and conclude that the electronic contribution is almost always larger than the lattice contribution. The data also allow conclusions to be drawn regarding the relative importance of {ital pseudoquadrupolar} effects in the spectra and they are found to be small. This work forms a basismore » for detailed study of particular defect sites to be discussed in further papers. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}« less


The present status of Akathisia Perminder Sachdev and Celia Loneragan 381 Gender differences in the specificity of alcoholism transmission among the relatives of opioid addicts Thomas R. Kosten, Bruce J. Rounsaville, Therese A. Kosten and Kathleen Merikangas 392 The antisocial personality disorder diagnosis in substance abusers; problems and issues Arthur I. Alterman and John S. Cacciola 401 Subjective experiences related to alcohol use among schizophrenics Douglas L. Noordsy, Robert E. Drake, Gregory B. Teague, Fred C. Osher, Stephanie C. Hurlbut, Malcolm S. Beaudett and Thomas S. Paskus 410 Dysphoria in male alcoholics with a history of hallucinations Carole H. Hayne and John L. Louks 415 Psychiatric disorders among poor victims following a major disaster: Armero, Colombia. Bruno R. Lima, Shaila Pai, Herman Santacruz and Julio Lozano 420 Posttraumatic stress disorder among children clinically diagnosed as border-line personality disorder Richard Famularo, Robert Kinscherff and Terence Fenton 428 Quality of object relations versus interpersonal functioning as predictors of therapeutic alliance and psychotherapy outcome William E. Piper, Hassan F. A. Azim, Anthony S. Joyce, Mary McCallum, George W. H. Nixon and Perry S. Segal 432


The classification of American Salix (willows) is updated to account for nomenclatural changes, new species and sections, and new data. Evolutionary relationships, biology, and nomenclatural difficulties in the genus are briefly discussed. A preliminary, simplified key to sections is presented along with a synopsis of subgenera, sections, and subsections. One new section and two new subsections are described. Six new combinations are also made. The important literature is cited.


Fruits were collected from trees of Coffea arabica cv. Obata grown at Mococa and Adamantina in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, which are regions with marked differences in air temperature that produce coffee with distinct qualities. Mococa is a cooler location that produces high-quality coffee, whereas coffee from Adamantina is of lower quality. The amino acid and protein contents, amino acid profile, and proteinase activity and type in endosperm protein extracts were analysed. Proteinase genes were identified, and their expression was assayed. All results indicate that temperature plays a role in controlling proteinase activity in coffee endosperm. Proteinase activity was higher in the endosperm of immature fruits from Adamantina, which was correlated with higher amino acid content, changes in the amino acid profile, and increased gene expression. Cysteine proteinases were the main class of proteinases in the protein extracts. These data suggest that temperature plays an important role in coffee quality by altering nitrogen compound composition.


A solid-state proportional counter, consisting of the BaF2-TMAE combination, has been tested for the detection of 511 keV annihilation gamma-rays in a PET system. Energy, time, and position resolutions are given for 1 cm wide BaF2 crystals, using different temperatures and gases at low pressures.


Objective To investigate the experience in diagnosis and treatment of primary retroperitoneal external adrenal pheochromocytoma. Methods Diagnosis and treatment of 5 cases of primary retriperitoneal external adrenal pheochromocytoma were analyzed retrospectively. All 5 cases were treated surgically. Tumor was resected and silver clips were put in during operation in 4 cases. One case underwent operation under the guidance of methylene blue injected into supplying artery of tumor. One case received surgical operation twice. Results Diagnosis of 1 case was undefined before operation and the patients died due to inadequate preparation during operation. The remaining 4 cases were correctly diagnosed with adequate preparation before operation and stable blood pressure during operation and the tumor was perfectly resected. Of the 4 cases, 1 case received operation under the guidance of methylene blue injected into supplying artery of tumor, resulting in less bleeding and short time during operation. During follow up, tumor recurrence was found in localization of silver clips in one case by CT examination. Conclusions Local and qualitative diagnosis before operation and injection of methylene blue into supplying artery as a mark during operation are of valuable to be adopted and populariazed.


After analyzing the characteristic of BiCMOS circuit,a general structure of ternary BiCMOS circuit was proposed.By applying the theory of transmission voltage-switches,a PNP-NPN-NPN ternary BiCMOS general drive-circuit was designed at switch-level,then a ternary BiCMOS inverter circuit was designed.Simulation shows that the designed ternary BiCMOS inverter circuit has nearly ideal logic functions,and has low power and simple structure.The ternary BiCMOS general drive-circuit can be used to design any ternary BiCMOS circuit,and the design method is simple and feasible.Based on the proposed method,different drive-circuits that using NPN and PNP transistors can be designed,then any ternary BiCMOS circuit can be designed.


ABSTRACT Drug inventory management has a great importance for all members within the pharmaceutical supply-chain due to the important role that drugs play to save the lives of patients and the need for their availability on time in the necessary amount. To provide the necessary quantity of drugs at the right moment and satisfy the patient's needs, there are many methods, like the coordination between different members of the pharmaceutical supply chain. In fact, this paper proposes a collaborative multi-echelon pharmaceutical supply chain composed of a central pharmacy, multi-regional pharmacies and multi-hospitals using a stochastic multi-period and multi-product mathematical model for the minimisation of the drug-inventory-management costs, such as shortage and holding costs. On the other hand, the stochastic mathematical model is solved using the Lingo 18.0 software and brunch and bound method. Subsequently, a comparison between this model and the current situation of the Tunisian pharmaceutical supply chain was-made to highlight the benefits of this research work.


'This report summarizes work after 1 year and 8 months (9/15/96-5/14/98) of a 3 year project. Thus far, progress has been made in: (1) the measurement of the solubility of metal chelates in SC CO{sub 2} with and without added cosolvents, (2) the spectroscopic determination of preferential solvation of metal chelates by cosolvents in SC CO{sub 2} solutions, and (3) the development of a totally reliable computational technique for phase equilibrium computations. An important factor in the removal of metals from solid matrices with CO{sub 2}/chelate mixtures is the equilibrium solubility of the metal chelate complex in the CO{sub 2}.'


The ERL Vacuum systems are depicted in a figure. ERL has eight vacuum volumes with various sets of requirements. A summary of vacuum related requirements is provided in a table. Five of the eight volumes comprise the electron beamline. They are the 5-cell Superconducting RF Cavity, Superconducting e-gun, injection, loop and beam dump. Two vacuum regions are the individual cryostats insulating the 5-cell Superconducting RF Cavity and the Superconducting e-gun structures. The last ERL vacuum volume not shown in the schematic is the laser transport line. The beamline vacuum regions are separated by electropneumatic gate valves. The beam dump is common with loop beamline but is considered a separate volume due to geometry and requirements. Vacuum in the 5-cell SRF cavity is maintained in the {approx}10{sup -9} torr range at room temperature by two 20 l/s ion pumps and in the e-gun SRF cavity by one 60 l/s ion pump. Vacuum in the SRF cavities operated at 2{sup o}K is reduced to low 10{sup -11} torr via cryopumping of the cavity walls. The cathode of the e-gun must be protected from poisoning, which can occur if vacuum adjacent to the e-gun in the injection line exceeds 10-11 torr range in more » the injection warm beamline near the e-gun exit. The vacuum requirements for beam operation in the loop and beam dump are 10-9 torr range. The beamlines are evacuated from atmospheric pressure to high vacuum level with a particulate free, oil free turbomolecular pumping cart. 25 l/s shielded ion pumps distributed throughout the beamlines maintain the vacuum requirement. Due to the more demanding vacuum requirement of the injection beamline proximate to the e-gun, a vacuum bakeout of the injection beamline is required. In addition, two 200 l/s diode ion pumps and supplemental pumping provided by titanium sublimation pumps are installed in the injection line just beyond the exit of the e-gun. Due to expected gas load a similar pumping arrangement is planned for the beam dump. The cryostat vacuum thermally insulating the SRF cavities need only reduce the convective heat load such that heat loss is primarily radiation through several layers of multi-layer insulation and conductive end-losses which are contained by 5{sup o}K thermal transitions. Prior to cool down rough vacuum {approx}10{sup -5} torr range is established and maintained by a dedicated turbomolecular pump station. Cryopumping by the cold mass and heat shields reduces the insulating vacuum to 10{sup -7} torr range after cool down. « less


The ornate chorus frog, Pseudacris ornata, is a small hylid from the coastal plain of the United States. The background color of most individuals is brown or gray, but those bearing a rare, dominant allele are bright green. Explanations for the persistance of such polymorphisms include selection on color itself and selection on traits genetically correlated with color. There is evidence that length of larval period is correlated with dorsal color or pattern in other frog species. However, individually raised P. ornata bearing the green allele do not differ from those not bearing the allele in length of larval period or in three other fitness-related traits: larval growth rate, size at metamorphosis, and juvenile growth rate. MANY species of frogs exhibit conspicuous polymorphisms for back pattern or color


In the field of sheet metal working small and medium sized enterprises (SME) are normally supplier companies. They have to submit valid offers for manufacturing jobs within a short time. The supply price is decisive for getting the manufacturing job. Therefore, a method of quotation costing has been developed to increase the accuracy of cost planning for sheet metal parts. A software system is being developed which implements the algorithms of this method starting with the analysis of the CAD-model. The manufacturing of sheet metal parts in large scale production is mostly done with progressive dies, the cost estimations for such tools are normally based on the plate sequence. To avoid the time and the costs of designing the plate sequence before getting the job, a special calculation method based on Artificial Neural Networks is used for the cost estimation of progressive dies. In connection the direct labour costs are calculated by accounting the estimated resource consumption for tool manufacturing. Fast and precise pricing is done by the system under consideration of material costs, workcenter costs, overhead costs and pricing strategy.


There are abundant,distribution of a wide range,various types and obvious geochemical characteristics of heavy oil reservoir in Western depression of Liaohe basin.According to maturity of crude oil,degree of biodegradation,and oil input after biodegradation,the heavy oils in Western depression are divided into three main types which are connate heavy oil,degradation heavy oil and degradation-mixed heavy oil.It is found that most of the secondary heavy oils are subjected to biodegradation,water washing and oxidation,which degrade,delete,or oxidize the hydrocarbons in oil.The result shows that degree of oil degradation in the area are mainly determined by such factors as temperature,groundwater,chemical conditions and tectonic conditions,etc.


Abstract 27 PAM (Portable Automated Mesonet) stations were operated between 19 May and 1 July 1978 during the operational phase of Project NIMROD (Northern Illinois Meteorological Research On Downburst), collecting ∼1 000 000 records of wind data. Analysis revealed that the PAM-measured winds are influenced by the mesoscale obstruction of the Chicago metropolitan area as a whole, as well as the misoscale obstructions of individual trees and buildings identifiable in panoramic pictures taken at each PAM site where data were being collected. Mesoscale obstruction increased from near zero in the open field to 50% around the Chicago city limit, while the misoscale obstruction factor turned out to be as large as 58% in the wake of obstructing trees. The wind speed deficit extended 50-80 times the height of obstructing trees and buildings. The analysis of obstacle effects upon PAM-measured winds is empirical and not necessarily based upon sound hydrodynamical principles. Misoscale and mesoscale corrections, thu...


In a DC distributed power system, the interaction between individually designed power modules/subsystems may cause the instability of the whole system. In the small-signal sense, these kinds of interactions can be predicted by checking impedance ratio Z/sub o//Z/sub i/ and can also be prevented by making impedance specification for power modules/subsystems. Many efforts have been made in defining impedance specification and improving I/O impedance for converters and filters. This paper summarizes work in these two areas.


Contemporary research on the lynching of African Americans in the postbellum South has emphasized its role in maintaining the racial supremacy of Whites over African Americans. We contend that, by itself, this racial domination model of lynching is inadequate to explain variation among lynchings or temporal changes in the characteristics of extralegal executions that occurred during the lynching era, circa 1880–1930. Analyzing a recently compiled enumeration of lynchings in Louisiana, we argue that a significant percentage of 19th‐century lynchings committed by both African Americans and Whites is better understood as a traditional type of "self‐help" justice (Black 1983). After 1900, however, informal execution in Louisiana became progressively more racist in its application, and African Americans virtually disappeared from the active ranks of lynch mob participants. Although the racial domination model successfully explains the majority of Louisiana lynchings in the 20th century, we conclude that extral...


Soybean [ (L.) Merr.] cultivars vary in plant growth response to Mn deficiency and toxicity. Cultivar selection for field studies to evaluate responses to Mn deficiency and toxicity is important. The objective of this study was to determine the differential sensitivity of cultivars to Mn deficiency and toxicity prior to regional field studies on the diagnosis and correction of Mn problems in the production of soybeans.For evaluating relative ranking of cultivars sensitive to Mn deficiency, seven soybean cultivars were grown in solution culture at severe (5 µg Mn/liter) and mild (50 µg Mn/liter) deficiency levels and compared with controls, (1,000 µg Mn/liter). For toxicity evaluations, seven cultivars were grown at severe (20 mg Mn/liter) and mild (10 mg Mn/liter) toxicity levels with controls at 0.5 mg Mn/liter.Cultivar sensitivity to Mn deficiency was partially dependent on the level of deficiency stress. 'Davis', 'Lee 74', 'Bragg', and 'Pickett 71' were the most sensitive under severe deficiency and Lee 74, Bragg and 'Hutton' were the most sensitive under mild deficiency. Davis, Lee 74, Pickett 71, Bragg, and 'Ransom' were the most sensitive to severe Mn toxicity at the severe Mn toxicity level. At mild toxicity, shoot weights as percent of control were similar for all cultivars. Visual symptom ratings and leaf blade Mn concentrations were significantly correlated with shoot dry weight as percent of control for Mn deficiency and toxicity stresses. The increased sensitivity to Mn toxicity by Lee 74 compared to that previously reported for the 'Lee' cultivar may be a result of genetic changes which occurred during the development of Lee 74.


1009 Background: The selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERD) fulvestrant is commonly used to treat patients with hormone receptor positive advanced breast cancer, although potential mechanisms of acquired resistance are poorly understood. plasmaMATCH cohort A (NCT03182634) investigated the activity of fulvestrant in patients with activating ESR1 mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Here we present analysis of baseline and end-of-treatment (EOT) ctDNA to identify potential resistance mutations to fulvestrant. Methods: Paired baseline and EOT plasma samples from patients enrolled into plasmaMATCH underwent ctDNA sequencing (Guardant360, Guardant Health) to identify acquired mutations. For F404 analysis, MCF-7 cells were transiently transfected with estrogen receptor expression constructs containing either wildtype ESR1 (WT), single ESR1 mutations (D538G, E380Q, F404L), or compound mutations (D538G_F404L, E380Q_F404L), alongside an estrogen response element (ERE)-luciferase reporter construct. Transfected cells were treated with or without fulvestrant and ERE-luciferase activity compared. Results: Of 84 patients enrolled in cohort A, 69 had paired baseline and EOT sequencing. Patients with baseline ESR1 Y537S had shorter progression free survival (PFS), and Y537C longer PFS, than those wild-type for each respective mutation (p = 0.03 and p = 0.04). Patients frequently acquired mutations at EOT (n = 35, 51%), including potentially targetable mutations in 25% (including 3 PTEN, 3 BRCA1/2, 2 PIK3CA, 2 HER2, 1 BRAF). Three (4%) patients acquired ESR1 p.F404 mutations (F404L, F404I, F404V), with 7 mutations in total. Of 26 patients with PFS of ≥16 weeks, 3 patients (12%) acquired ESR1 F404. In 800 patients screened for entry to plasmaMATCH, one harbored a F404 mutation (0.13%), with a prior history of fulvestrant. F404 mutations resided in cis with E380Q in 6/7 assessable mutations. In vitro structural modelling revealed that ESR1 p.F404 resides within the ESR1 ligand binding domain, and contributes to estrogen and fulvestrant binding through a pi-stacking bond between the aromatic ring of phenylalanine and estrogen/fulvestrant, with all F404 mutations disrupting this bond. Transient transfection demonstrated that single mutations D538G, E380Q, F404L and wild-type ESR1 were sensitive to fulvestrant (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0006, p = 0.04 and p = 0.0001), whereas compound mutations D538G_F404L and E380Q_F404L were resistant. Further investigation of relative sensitivity of the F404 mutant ESR1 to other anti-estrogens will be presented. Conclusions: We have identified a novel resistance mechanism to fulvestrant, with F404 mutations acquired in patients with pre-existing activating ESR1 mutations. F404 confers fulvestrant resistance through the loss of a pi-stacking bond and likely reduced fulvestrant binding affinity, identifying a new potential target to overcome endocrine therapy resistance.


Objective To extract hepatitis B, C and G virus from paraffin-embedded liver tissues which were infected with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) .To demonstrate the relations between type of hepatitis virus and HCC in Harbin of China. Methods Extraction of the nucleic acids (HBV-DNA, HCV-RNA and HGV-RNA) from paraffin-embedded liver tissues and PCR was performed in 119 cases of HCC. Results①The positive ratio of HBV-DNA was 64.7 % (77/119 ) , most of them 92.2 % (71/77 ) was c subtype;②The protein positive ratio of HBsAg was 49.6% (55/119), HBcAg was 19.3% (23/119) ;③The positive ratio of HCV-RNA was 2.5%(3/119),HGV-RNA was 0.8%(1/119) .Conclusion The occurrence of HCC in Harbin of China and the infection of HBV has close relations, specially c subtype of HBV. The relationship between the occurrence of HCC and the infection of HBV is different in various geographic regions.


: In recommender systems (RS), many models are designed to predict ratings of items for the target user. To improve the performance for rating prediction, some studies have introduced tags into recommender systems. Tags benefit RS considerably, however, they are also redundant and ambiguous. In this paper, we propose a hybrid deep learning model TRSDL (tag-aware recommender system based on deep learning) to improve the performance of tag-aware recommender systems (TRS). First, TRSDL uses pre-trained word embeddings to represent user-defined tags, and constructs item and user profiles based on the items' tags set and users' tagging behaviors. Then, it utilizes deep neural networks (DNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to extract the latent features of items and users, respectively. Finally, it predicts ratings from these latent features. The model not only addresses tag limitations and takes advantage of semantic tag information but also learns more advanced implicit features via deep structures. We evaluated our proposed approach and several baselines on MovieLens-20 m, and the experimental results demonstrate that TRSDL significantly outperforms all the baselines (including the state-of-the-art models BiasedMF and I-AutoRec). In addition, we also explore the impacts of network depth and type on model performance.


This study presents a survey of abundance distribution and isotopic composition of the ammonia found incorporated in the kerogen-like insoluble material of selected carbonaceous chondrite meteorites; the ammonia was released upon hydrothermal treatment at 300°C and 100 MPa. With the exception of Allende, a metamorphosed and highly altered stone, all the insoluble organic materials (IOM) of the meteorites analyzed released significant amounts of ammonia, which varied from over 4 μg mg−1 for the Orgueil IOM to 0.5 μg mg−1 for that of Tagish Lake; the IOM of the pristine Antarctica find GRA95229 remains the most rich in freeable ammonia with 10 μg mg−1. While the amounts of IOM bound ammonia do not appear to vary between meteorites with a recognizable trend, a possible consequence of long terrestrial exposure of some of the stones, we found that the δ15N composition of the ammonia-carrying materials is clearly distinctive of meteorite types and may reflect a preservation of the original 15N distribution of pre- and proto-solar materials.


A circular quantum secret sharing protocol is proposed, which is useful and efficient when one of the parties of secret sharing is remote to the others who are in adjacent, especially the parties are more than three. We describe the process of this protocol and discuss its security when the quantum information carrying is polarized single photons running circularly. It will be shown that entanglement is not necessary for quantum secret sharing. Moreover, the theoretic efficiency is improved to approach 100% as almost all the instances can be used for generating the private key, and each photon can carry one bit of information without quantum storage. It is straightforwardly to utilize this topological structure to complete quantum secret sharing with multi-level two-particle entanglement in high capacity securely.


This article develops a brand-new dynamic framework of e-commerce business models. Firstly the authors generalize three basic business modes based upon longitudinal perspective to business operations. Then, three strategic benefits of e-business were drawn out from many acknowledged studies. Finally, using two dimensions---Business Mode and Effect of Electronization, the authors identified seven basic e-commerce business models and revealed the way they may evolve along in a new dynamic framework. This is the key contribution of this article. By referring to the features of each E-commerce business model, a company can identify its position in the framework and find the right way to go further in choosing e-business models.


Wilms tumor is the most common pediatric renal cancer. However, genetic bases behind Wilms tumor remain largely unknown. H19 is a critical maternally imprinted gene. Previous studies indicated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the H19 can modify the risk of several human malignancies. Epigenetic errors at the H19 locus lead to biallelic silencing in Wilms tumors. Genetic variations in the H19 may be related to Wilms tumor susceptibility.


The article introduces the concept of the "portability of qualifications" as a framework for discussing the consequences of globalisation for labour markets and for the systems and agencies of initial and continuous vocational education and training. It defines the concept in relation to terms such as "mobility", "flexibility", "core skills" and "key qualifications". It provides examples from industry and from the craft trades in Europe. It discusses the role of "portability of qualifications" in developing regions through inward investment and the benefits and risks of "portability of qualifications" from the perspective of the company, the individual worker and labour markets of Europe. Finally, it looks at pathways to foster and maintain the portability of qualifications in vocational education and training.


and new funding priorities at the federal level. As Ammon notes, however, it lives on today in other parts of the world. In the book's conclusion, she notes the continued use of bulldozers in human settlement clearance, particularly in the developing world. The wide scope of Bulldozer runs the risk of attempting to accomplish too much. However, Ammon skillfully navigates the complexities of wartime as a dress rehearsal for the bulldozer's mainstage launch in and around the postwar city. The impressively researched collection of cultural artifacts that she deploys makes vivid the postwar faith in progress through destruction. Indeed, Ammon's use of visual material, which she culled from a range of sources—from corporate histories and government reports to magazines and, more interestingly, magazine photo archives, allowing her to include outtakes that have never before been published—sets a high bar for how visual materials can enrich, and complicate, analysis of the postwar city. The detailed readings that accompany each image elevate what in another book might have served as mere visual enhancement. Students of urban humanities and design disciplines should take note. Given the range of topics and data presented in this book, a variety of audiences will find it instructive. The focus on urban renewal and development will interest urban historians and planners, while the attention to landscape, building processes, and the environment will interest students and scholars of architecture and cultural landscapes. But others in the humanities, too, especially those who work in visual and cultural studies, will discover an expert example of narration and analysis, and an important story about technology, society, and the remaking of a nation, cubic yard by cubic yard, at the height of its power.


As the buildings filled with the Chinese traditional art essence were gradually removed, the modern design architectures have become the main body of the city. Under the trend of globalization, the traditional ideas of environmental design have changed. The architects should absorb the foreign advanced experience and put the traditional Chinese culture into the architecture design to build the perfect combination of tradition and modernization. This paper expounds the reasons for adding the traditional culture idea to the modern environmental art design as well as the methods of how to achieve the perfect integration of traditional culture and modern elements in modern environmental design to provide reference for the architects in the new era.


Disclosed is a solar cell which provides excellent volume productivity, and which grants a margin in the control of the depth of a groove when removing a translucent insulating layer after the translucent layer is formed on the entire surface of a transparent conductive film. The solar cell is provided with: an n-type amorphous silicon layer (11) which is formed on the surface-side of an n-type single crystal silicon substrate (10); a surface-side transparent conductive film (12) which is formed on the n-type amorphous silicion layer (11); a p-type amorphous silicon layer (13) formed on the undersurface-side of the substrate (10); and an undersurface-side transparent conductive film (14) formed on the p-type amorphous silicon layer (13). The solar cell is provided with a surface-side collector electrode (30) which is formed by deposition on the surface-side transparent conductive film (12), as well as collector electrodes (4) which are formed on the undersurface-side transparent conductive film (14) by printing.


Managers and managing agencies assume that they have authority to changes the language practices and belief of others; advocates and advocacy groups realise they need to persuade others to change. Examples from India are cited. Language academies are usually advocates; the Quechua Academy proved to be quite unsuccessful, and the Hebrew Language Academy had quite limited effects. Under totalitarian governments, language management is more easily enforceable, as illustrated by Soviet and PRC policies. The advocacy groups supporting Māori revitalization persuaded community and government to help. Language reformers are generally advocates, proposing changes in spelling and grammar.


Some of the issues that should be considered in the design of a disk array subsystem are discussed. The objective is not to come up with a standard, or the best disk array solution, but rather to bring out some of the design options, to provide a better understanding of the tradeoffs of some of the choices, and to point out some pitfalls to avoid.<<ETX>>


The Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC) archive at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) includes satellite data sets for the ocean sciences and global-change research to facilitate multidisciplinary use of satellite ocean data. Parameters include sea-surface height, surface-wind vector, sea-surface temperature, atmospheric liquid water, and integrated water vapor. The JPL PO.DAAC is an element of the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) and is the United States distribution site for Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/POSEIDON data and metadata.


Research has shown that students who are given social and emotional tools to work with in their school day are better able to learn in all subject areas (Kriete & Davis, 2014). Responsive Classroom offers a program which includes Morning Meeting as an opportunity to teach social and emotional tools. This is a qualitative research project that utilized case study with action based research. This research revealed that Morning Meetings impacted classwork productivity because they helped to identify and meet students' social and emotional needs, which created a sense of belonging and connection. This provided teachers with vital information for targeted intervention and led to an increase in classwork productivity. In addition, classroom rules helped to build trust by creating safety in the classroom and provided teachers with a way to implement a positive behavior plan through positive language built around the classroom rules which led to an increase in behavior.


It is well known that Gödel's famous undecidability result may be viewed in the following strong form. Suppose we are given a specific presentation (i.e., a specific formulation in terms of axioms and rules of inference) of number theory. Then there exists an effective method which, when applied to a consistent axiomatizable extension of the theory yields an undecidable sentence of this extension. For distinct presentations the undecidable sentences obtained would be distinct. This is because the sentence constructed depends upon the notion of proof and hence ultimately upon the axioms and rules of inference—i.e., upon the specific presentation.


Abstract : This report documents the results and conclusions of in situ studies designed to monitor for possible effects on wetland flora from exposure to electromagnetic (EM) fields produced by the U.S. Navy's Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Communications System. The studies examined for possible effects to herbs, shrubs, and trees growing on peat bogs near the Navy's Wisconsin Transmitting Facility (WTF). Plant characteristics studied included foliar cation content, stomatal resistance, and rate of foliar decomposition. Eleven bogs similar in plant community structure and interstitial water chemistry were used as study sites. Treatment sites were located immediately adjacent to the WTF antenna or its grounds, and experienced EM field intensities at least two orders of magnitude greater than control sites. Keywords: Extremely low frequency, Electromagnetic fields, Environmental studies, Ecology, ELF Communications system, ELF Ecological monitoring program.


This article proposes an election algorithm for the hypercube; it exchanges less than $5\frac{2}{3}\cdot N$ messages and uses O(log2 N) time (where N is the size of the cube). A randomized version ...


Objectives This study was conducted to examine the effects of early childhood teacher's playfulness and the development of professionalism on their play support practices. Methods The subjects of this study were 250 early childhood teachers working in kindergartens located in G city and J province. The playfulness, development of their professionalism, and play support practice were evaluated directly by the early childhood teachers. The Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis on the data collected were conducted by using SPSS WIN 29.0. Results First, the early childhood teachers' playfulness and development of the professionalism were major fators to explain their play support practice. Second, the early childhood teachers' playfulness and their development of the professionalism explained their play support practice. Third, based on analysis of relative effects of the teachers' playfulness and development of the professionalism on their play support practice, their play support practice were explained 54% by the development of the professionalism while the teachers' playfulness did not have effect. Conclusions The playfulness and development of the professionalism were major factors that explained the teachers' play support practice. Especially the teachers' development of the professionalism had much greater effect on their play support practice. This study suggests that development of professionalism of early childhood teachers might be a way to enhance the teachers' competence for play support practice in early childhood classes.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Cognitive set shifting requires flexible application of lower level processes. The Delis–Kaplan Executive Functioning System (DKEFS) Color–Word Interference Test (CWIT) is commonly used to clinically assess cognitive set shifting. An atypical pattern of performance has been observed on the CWIT; a subset of individuals perform faster, with equal or fewer errors, on the more difficult inhibition/switching than the inhibition trial. This study seeks to explore the cognitive underpinnings of this atypical pattern. It is hypothesized that atypical patterns on CWIT will be associated with better performance on underlying cognitive measures of attention, working memory, and learning when compared to typical CWIT patterns. Method: Records from 239 clinical referrals (age: M = 68.09 years, SD = 10.62; education: M = 14.87 years, SD = 2.73) seen for a neuropsychological evaluation as part of diagnostic work up in an outpatient dementia and movement disorders clinic were sampled. The standard battery of tests included measures of attention, learning, fluency, executive functioning, and working memory. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were conducted to compare the cognitive performance of those with typical versus atypical CWIT patterns. Results: An atypical pattern of performance was confirmed in 23% of our sample. Analyses revealed a significant group difference in acquisition of information on both nonverbal (Brief Visuospatial Memory Test–Revised, BVMT–R total recall), F(1, 213) = 16.61, p < .001, and verbal (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised, HVLT–R total recall) learning tasks, F(1, 181) = 6.43, p < .01, and semantic fluency (Animal Naming), F(1, 232) = 7.57, p = .006, with the atypical group performing better on each task. Effect sizes were larger for nonverbal (Cohen's d = 0.66) than verbal learning (Cohen's d = 0.47) and semantic fluency (Cohen's d = 0.43). Conclusions: Individuals demonstrating an atypical pattern of performance on the CWIT inhibition/switching trial also demonstrated relative strengths in semantic fluency and learning.


Cryptic t(12;21)(p12-13;q22) leading to TEL-AML1 fusion has recently been recognized as the most frequent genetic rearrangement in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Western countries. More recently, we found a similar frequency of this abnormality in Chinese children with ALL in Taiwan. In this study, we assessed further the frequency of TEL-AML1 fusion as well as that of BCR-ABL in Chinese adults with ALL, using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays. Among the 81 cases with newly diagnosed B lineage ALL studied, none had the TEL-AML1 fusion whereas 30 had the BCR-ABL fusion. The lack of cases with the TEL-AML1 fusion together with the high frequency of BCR-ABL fusion could largely account for the poorer outcome of adult ALL as compared with childhood ALL.


A promising method of investigating molecular problems in liquids is through the study of acoustic relaxations. This investigation is severely hampered by the limited range of frequencies over which the sound absorption may be measured with suitable conventional techniques (about 5 to 200 Mc for a typical liquid). The lower frequency limit in these techniques is determined primarily by the measurement error due to diffraction, and the smallness of the absorption coefficient which multiplies all the measurement errors. It is shown that both difficulties can be avoided by methods based on the measurement of acoustic streaming. An apparatus for the study of acoustic relaxations in liquids by this method is described. With this apparatus, absorption coefficients from 0.0001 to 0.1 cm−1 may be measured over the frequency range 0.6 to 10 Mc, representing for a typical liquid an extension of the available frequency band from 5 to 8 octaves. Experimental problems which are encountered in the measurement of acoust...


The use of antagonists in the control of plant pathogens has been extensively studied in recent decades, especially fungi from genus Trichoderma spp., due to their ability to act as biocontrolling agents and inducers of plant resistance against diseases. Thus, we aimed to select Trichoderma spp. with potential to control growth of pathogenic fungi. We used 56 Trichoderma strains from the isolate bank of the microbiology laboratory of Federal University of Tocantins. The strains were isolated from soil samples collected in southern Tocantins state, Brazil. The studied pathogens of foliar diseases were Colletotrichum cliviae and Colletotrichum truncatum, both of which were isolated from soybean plants showing disease symptoms. To evaluate the antagonistic potential of  Trichoderma spp., we used the dual culture assay and expressed the results as percentage of colonization and grade scale. Grade evaluation revealed that 46 Trichoderma strains were effective antagonists of the two pathogens. Regarding the percentage of pathogen growth inhibition, effective antagonists were represented by 22 strains showing more than 75% inhibition of  Colletotrichum cliviae and three strains showing more than 90% inhibition of Colletotrichum truncatum.


THE RECONSTRUCTED GLOBE THEATRE ON THE BANKSIDE provides benches in the galleries for the audience to sit on and a promenade space in the pit for the "groundlings" or "understanders" to walk about in+ The standing audience below can therefore move to follow the action, but the sitting audience, who has paid more, stays put+ For this reason attempts have been made to block the action on the stage so that the higher-paying gallery audience can see what is going on+ This has caused some problems, for the dimension and position of the pillars are such that sight lines for seated members of the audience are easily obstructed+ The tendency has been to blame the entire problem on the pillars themselves, several actors and directors suggesting at one point that the stage posts and heavens should be eliminated altogether+1 The possibility of significantly altering the design of the stage still remains+ But there is a different way of looking at the issue+ I will argue that historically at the Globe members of the audience had freedom of movement in the galleries as well as in the yard; that at least some of them stood to watch plays; and that all felt free to walk about during performances+ A spectator in the galleries unable to see the action simply shifted to a better position+ In his Dictionary Sir Thomas Elyot directly relates galleries to the audience watching plays: he defines fori as "stages or galeries, from whens the noble men of Rome beheld the playes callyd Circenses+"2 From John Rider's 1589 edition of Bibliotheca Scholastica onward, the Roman element of the definition for fori is dropped, and the gloss reads simply:"Gallaries whereon men stand to behold games, and plaies+"3 A royal audience stood in just this way when "the King, . with all the Lords of the most honord priuy Councel, and our chief Nobility, stood in the Gallery before the Tilt-yeard" to watch the arrival of the masquers+4 At least some sections of public-theater galleries clearly were used for standing+ A draft lease of


Studies on nutritional status and leaf traits were carried out in two tropical tree species Swietenia macrophylla King (mahogany) and Dipetryx odorata Aubl. Willd. (tonka bean) planted under contrasting light environments in Presidente Figueiredo-AM, Brazil. Leaves of S. macrophylla and D. odorata were collected in three year-old trees grown under full sunlight (about 2000 µmol m-2 s-1) and natural shade under a closed canopy of Balsa-wood plantation (Ochroma pyramidale Cav. Ex. Lam.Urb) about 260 µmol m-2 s-1. The parameters analysed were leaf area (LA), leaf dry mass (LDM), specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf nutrient contents. It was observed that, S. macrophylla leaves grown under full sunlight showed LA 35% lower than those grown under shade. In D. odorata leaves these differences in LA were not observed. In addition, it was observed that S. macrophylla shade leaves, for LDM, were 50% smaller than sun leaves, while in D. odorata, there differences were not observed. SLA in S. macrophylla presented that sun leaves were three times smaller than those grown under shade. In D. odorata, no differences were observed. Nutrient contents in S. macrophylla, regardless of their light environments, showed higher contents for P and Ca than those found in D. odorata. The N, K, Fe and Mn contents in S. macrophylla leaves decreased under shade. Finally, we suggest that the decreasing in leaf nutrient contents may have a negative influence on leaf growth. The results demonstrated that the tested hypothesis is true for leaf traits, which D. odorata, late-successional species, showed lower plasticity for leaf traits than Swietenia macrophylla, mid-successional species.


The interface thermal characteristic between rail and armature affects significantly the launch performance of electromagnetic railgun. In this paper, the friction coefficient f between brass and aluminum is discussed; it is found that under hypervelocity and electrical contact condition, f maintains an order of magnitude with 10-2, which is smaller than that under normal conditions. A further simulation model is developed to demonstrate concretely the order of magnitude of f when armature was launching in bore. Then, according to simulation results of interface temperature distribution, the thermal effect on armature wear and contact performance was analyzed. For an electromagnetic railgun with hypervelocity and high current, it is concluded that the heat on rail and armature interface mostly comes from friction, which can cause armature surface to melt and wear. The aluminum film is benefit for the contact performance as armature sliding.


To study apoptosis of peripheral blood cell of esophageal carcinoma patients. Peripheral blood cell DNA content,CD4,CD8 and CD16/56 count were analyzed with flow cytometry. Blood samples were collected before surgical operation and 10 days~14 days after operation from 70 patients who had oesophagectomy. The results showed that apoptosis (Apo) was different in peripheral blood cells before and after operation (P0.05), but S-phage fraction (SPF) or proliferation index (PI) was not (P0.05). A significant difference between the groups was noted for CD4/ CD8 ratio or the percentage of CD16/56 (P0.001). Our data showed that increasing cellular apoptosis before operation might be beneficial in balancing malignant proliferation of tumor cell, and higher level of CD8 and NK might assist this balance in peripheral blood cell. But after operation, tumor load of the patient was alleviated, immunologic function was restored to normal state, and cellular apoptosis was decreased accordingly.


In Guilin,from 1938 to 1944,nearly one hundred literary and artistic periodicals were published,and translation as an activity was varied.The periodicals and translation were interrelated with and interacted on each other.The periodicals constituted one of the driving force to bring about the translation wave and the latter was one of the most important sources to sustain the publication of the periodicals.


Smooth muscle is found in various organs. It has mutual purposes such as providing mechanical stability and regulating organ size. To better understand the physiology and the function of smooth muscle different experimental setups and techniques are available. However, to interpret and analyze the experimental results basic models of smooth muscle are necessary. Advanced mathematical models of smooth muscle contraction further allow, to not, only investigate the experimental behavior but also to simulate and predict behaviors in complex boundary conditions that are not easy or even impossible to perform through in vitro experiments. In this chapter the characteristic behaviors of vascular smooth muscle, specially those relevant from a biomechanical point of view, and the mathematical models able to simulate and mimic those behaviors are reviewed and studied.


The aim of this paper is to give detailed information about the television industry of Turkey from the perspective of the audience. The first part of the paper is a conceptual analysis of "Uses and Gratification Approach". The second part is an evaluation from the audience perspective to the Turkish television industry in the frame of Uses and Gratification approach and includes a review of the previous researches done in the world and Turkey for the television audience in the sight of this approach. The research will apply a survey of 833 people who had graduated from university of Istanbul to specify the reasons of "why the university graduated Turkish audience watch television", "how do the university graduated Turkish audience watch television" in the frame of Uses and Gratification approach. The paper will make a determination the about the television consuming habits of Turkish audience in the sight of technological use, media time and distribution.


School ofManagement, University ofScience andTechnology ofChina, P.R.China, 230026 Abstract: Energy intensity ofChinaiscontinuously dropping sharply. However, itisgreatly different in different regions asaresult ofmanyfactors. Although manyresearchers havelongitudinally studied thereasons ofenergy intensity dropping basedontimeseries data, fewofthemdidatransverse analysis onthefactors that lead thedifference ofenergy intensity. Thus, itisdifficult toclearly identify thefactors. Inthis paper, weoffer a transverse analysis forthecharacteristics ofdifferences ofinterregional energy intensities. Fromareduction to absurdity view, we present industrial structure asthe significant factor inimpacting thedifferences of interregional energy intensities, andstudy relationships ofenergy intensity andindustrial structure basedon correlation analysis, regression analysis, relation analysis ofenergy intensity andindustrial structure's gap,and cluster analysis. Ourresults showthateachindustry's energy efficiency isthemainreasonthatleads the differences ofinterregional energy intensities. Therefore, wesuggest that improving energy efficiency isthemost valuable strategy indropping energy intensity inChina.