We present a new incremental algorithm for minimising deterministic finite automata. It runs in quadratic time for any practical application and may be halted at any point, returning a partially minimised automaton. Hence, the algorithm may be applied to a given automaton at the same time as it is processing a string for acceptance. We also include some experimental comparative results.


The aim of this study is the investigation of the impact of stress of Portuguese subjects in situations of economic insufficiency and unemployment on executive function and quality of life and the coping strategies and resilience skills used. The sample consists of 41 participants. The psychometric instruments used are validated for Portuguese population, measure (perceived) stress, coping, material deprivation, resilience and quality of life, defined by World Health Organization. Executive function has been evaluated through performances at Stroop and Berg tasks. It has been concluded that, in this population, resilience skills and active coping strategies are positively correlated with quality of life. Quality of life is negatively correlated with material deprivation. Active coping strategies are supported by adequate executive function, which neurobiological substrate is dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex. Not active coping strategies correlate negatively with cognitive flexibility, suggesting the presence of a deficit at infero-lateral prefrontal cortex.


The vestigially symmetric prototype function with its continuous derivatives and continuous frequency function appears to hale superior stopband attenuation and similar passband performance as compared to the classical rectangular filter prototype for finite impulse response (FIR) filter designs. The vestigially symmetric prototype equations are given, and the implementation constraints are investigated. The rectangular and the vestigially symmetric prototype performances are compared. A filter specification potentially useful for compact disk applications are given. The "unwindowed" vestigially symmetric prototype performance is investigated for a given number of coefficients. A kaiser window is applied to the vestigially symmetric prototype to yield a solution to the CD filter problem. Finally, the effects of the number of coefficients used in implementing the filter is analyzed.<<ETX>>


The parallel milling is adopted to curved surface NC machining.The row spacing has an effect on surface roughness of workpiece.The influence law of row spacing to surface roughness of workpiece is concluded by experiment: with the decreasesing of row spacing,surface roughness value also subsequently reducde,surface precision gets higher also.when the row spacing reducs to a certain degree,the surface roughness will no longer decrease.


The reliability of adaptive controls for future aircraft are discussed. The research, formulation, and experimentation for improved aircraft performance are considered.


This study aimed to analyze the influence of ease of use and security of transaction toward purchase decision of S1 students of Sriwijaya University Palembang on online shopping site Shopee. The sampling technique used in this research was non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling method. Data were collected by questionnaire and distributed to 100 respondents. Analysis of data used are F test, t test, and multiple linear regression. The result of F test indicate that variables ease of use and security of transaction simultaneously influence on purchase decision with significance value of 0,000 < 0,05. The result of t test of ease of use partially influence on purchase decision with significance value of 0,000 < 0,05 and security of transaction partially influence on purchase decision with significance value of 0,003 < 0,05.


ABSTRACT In the wake of COVID, the Mandel Teacher Educator Institute (MTEI) faced essential pedagogical challenges in creating learner-centered, relational, and inquiry-based Jewish text study in an online synchronous space. In fall 2020, we offered an online adaptation of a line-by-line method for text study to understand the way this pedagogy invites enactments of teaching, social, and cognitive presences. This study uses qualitative methodologies to understand the learners' experiences. Implications from this study can help us understand how activating presence in online spaces can bring rich, connected Jewish learning experiences into spaces often perceived to be flat and disconnected.


Immune system alteration plays a central role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis(EMs). Dendritic cells(DCs),one of the most important immune cells in the immune system, are key antigen-presenting cells (APC),which can bridge innate and adaptive immunity to help initiate immune response. The alteration of DCs population and function contribute to the abnormal immunity and defective immune surveillance mechanism, which lead to the development of ectopic endometrial cells. The role DCs play in the pathogenesis of EMs was summarized in this review. The alteration of DCs population was found either in ectopic lesion or in eutopic endometrium and peritoneal fluid. The function of DCs, besides antigen-presenting, promoting angiogenesis and supporting the growth of nerve fiber were reported by literatures. In words, alterations in DCs play a significant role in the immunotolerance and the development of ectopic lesions,so the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in endometriosis is need to be an in-depth understanding, which may provide a potential therapeutic approach for endometriosis.


Nucleic acid (NA) sensing receptors were first described in the context of host defense. We now know that some endosomal NA sensors play a critical role in the development of systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, whereas cytosolic Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase/Stimulator of IFN Genes (cGAS/STING) DNA-detecting pathway has been associated with monogenic autoinflammatory interferonopathies such as Aicardi–Goutieres and Education; collaboration; communication STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI). DNaseII hypomorphic patients and DNase−/− IFNaR−/− (double knockout [DKO]) mice also develop an autoinflammatory syndrome associated with an interferon signature. We now add to the description of an unusual clinical manifestation of DKO mice that involves the accrual of trabecular bone in long bone marrow and the formation of ectopic bone within the spleen. This aberrant bone formation is lost not only in STING-deficient but also in Unc93b1-deficient mice and, therefore, depends on the interplay of cells expressing cytosolic and endosomal NA sensing receptors.


Dry-snow slab avalanches initiate from a failure in a weak snow layer below a cohesive slab. Snow is considered as a porous ice structure, and the strength distribution of the single elements of this structure, i.e. grains and bonds between grains, shows a high degree of disorder. On the bond or microstructural level, the failure process is believed to start if the fracturing of bonds between snow grains is not balanced by the formation of new bonds. We use a statistical fracture model - a fibre bundle model - to study the failure process in a weak snow layer. The model consists of fibres of various strengths representing single snow grains between two rigid plates which represent the slab above and the substratum below the weak layer. The fibres deform in a linear elastic manner and break instantly at their rupture strength. Broken fibres may sinter (re-bond) and regain strength after a finite sintering time. We show that the different characteristic times for breaking and sintering lead to the rate dependence of snow strength. This is, to our knowledge, the first statistical model to reproduce the ductile-to-brittle transition which snow exhibits with increasing strain rate. When the model is applied to simulate experimental stress-strain curves for different strain rates, the model and experimental results are in fair agreement.


In this book the relationship of age, height and weight with the selected physical fitness components of college male players from lower region of Himachal Pradesh (India) has been investigated. The present study is confined to AAHPERD physical fitness test battery (1976), which consists of six test items of selected physical fitness components: push ups, sit ups, shuttle run, standing broad jump, 50m dash, one and half mile run/walk. The book serves as a master guide for aspiring researchers in physical fitness components.


Power scaling using a higher order mode in a ribbon fiber has previously been proposed. However, methods of selecting the higher order mode and converting to a single lobe high brightness beam are needed. We propose using a multiplexed transmitting Bragg grating (MTBG) to convert a higher order mode into a single lobe beam. Using a ribbon fiber with core dimensions of 107.8 μm by 8.3 μm, we use the MTBG to select a higher order mode oscillating within the resonator with 51.4% efficiency, while simultaneously converting the higher order mode to a beam with diffraction limited divergence of 10.2 mrad containing 60% of the total power.


Interactions of regular waves with a double, fixed, pontoon type, floating breakwater (FB) are studied numerically with the use of a 2DV Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) model. The study is focused on the effect of the structure width and spacing, both made dimensionless with the wave length (W/L and S/L), on the reflection, transmission and dissipation characteristics. The results of the numerical model are in good agreement with available large scale experimental data. Ct decreases with increasing W/L for all S/L; for a 100% increase of W/L a 62% (maximum) and a 34 % (minimum) decrease of Ct is found for S/L=0.25 and S/L=1.04 respectively . The effect of relative spacing S/L is not monotonic since Ct exhibits several maxima and minima with S/L. Better results are obtained for S/L<0.75 with Ct values less than 0.1.


A nanocomposite is a solid material containing two or more phases where one of the phases has the dimensions of less than 100 nanometers (nm), or structures having nano-scale repeat distances between the different phases that make up the material. One of the main types of nanocomposite materials is the coupled semiconductor metal oxides such as MxOy/ MezOt (M and Me are referred to metal type and x, y, z, and t are the oxidation states in these metal oxides) which can be divided into four categories. The first is mixed oxide nanocomposite in which mixed oxides form solid solutions such as TiO2/ SnO2 nanocomposite. Into second category fall those mixed oxides that form distinct chemical compounds, such as ZnCo2O4 and ZnSn2O4. The third are systems that form neither compounds nor solid solutions such as TiO2/WO3 nanocomposite. Finally, there are those systems that form Core/ Shell nanocomposite structures. These four categories of mixed oxide nanocomposites can be produced by several methods such as hydrothermal, chemical bath deposition, chemical vapor deposition, sol-gel and solid state techniques. Among the abovementioned chemical methods that have been reported in literature, the most common ways for production of these nanosized coupled oxides are co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods. Recently, some of these nanosized coupled metal oxides are properly synthesized by the author and etal and the studies have been focused on production, characterization and applications of these nanocomposites. In this chapter, the principles, mechanism and experimental results of author's researches concerning to the synthesis of these nanosized coupled oxides (the abovementioned four categories) such as ZnO/ TiO2, ZnO/ SnO, ZnO/ Co3O4, Zn2TiO4 and ZnTiO3 nanocomposites and ZnO/ Co3O4 and TiO2/ SnO2 coreshell nanocomposites by using the simple methods of co-precipitation and hydrothermall processes are reported. Due to the high specific surface area of the obtained powders, these nanosized coupled oxides have very good potential for applications in gas sensors, photo-catalysis and photoelectrochemical cells.


The results of the study of strawberry varieties on resistance to adverse abiotic environmental factors have been presented. The researches were carried out in 2013-2017 inthe Kokino Base Station of All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery. The objects of research were 101 strawberry varieties of various genetic and ecological and geographical origins. It is shown that the signi fi cant damage to plants of strawberries have caused by low negative temperatures (from -20 0C) at the beginning of winter in the absence of snow cover. As a result of researches winter hardy varieties Vityaz', Solovushka, Kupchikha, Kokinskayazarya, Slavutich, Nashe Podmoskov'e, Bereginya, Al'pha, Rusich, Bryanich have been revealed. In the group of mediumwinter hardiness (the degree of freezing is 2.0-2.5 points) 35 varieties, including Rosinka, Festival'naya Romashka, Amulet, Studencheskaya, Tsaritsa, Bogota, Divnaya, Surpriz Olympiade, Feyyerverk, Nadezhda, Naydena Dobraya, Venta, Onega and others have been classi fi ed. The strongest subfreezing (3,0-4,5 points) have been marked in 48 varieties, including Rozana kiyevskaya, Kokinskaya rannyaya, Mars, Kholidey, Dachnitsa, Irma, Vima Tarda, Nezabudka, Polka, Maryshka and others. The most unfavorable conditions for plants of strawberry have formed during fl owering in spring of 2017. More than 30% of the generative organs were damaged in the varieties Kokinskaya rannyaya and Irma. At the earliest neutral daily variety Lyubava the degree of subfreezing fl owers was low and made 13%. From the early varieties the increased resistance to spring frosts showed the varieties of breeding Kokino Base Station Rosinka and Kokinskaya Zarya, which is connected with the arrangement of buds and fl owers inside the bush. A low level of drought resistance and heat resistance showed the varieties Tenira, Mitse Shindler, Gloskap, Kokinskaya rannyaya, Onega, Yulduz, Akvarel', Osennyaya zabava, Favorit, Khoney, Rozana kiyevskaya, Zenga Zengana. The extreme temperature conditions and moisture de fi ciency in the period of vegetation were best survived in the fi rst year of the fruiting varieties Kokinskaya zarya, Bereginya, Tsaritsa, Rusich, Kupchikha, Festival'naya, Nashe Podmoskov'e, Mars, Amulet, Maryshka, Bryanich and Venta.


By examining the impact of auditor competence, time budget pressure, and audit complexity using information technology as a modifier of the assumed relationships, this study examines the impact of auditor competence, time budget pressure, and audit complexity on the audit profession. This study included 232 auditors working for professional audit firms in Iraq, with samples taken using the purposeful sampling method from up to 171 people. In addition, a questionnaire was distributed to research participants as the data source for this study. The data in this study were analyzed using the structural equation model (SEM) and partial least squares (PLS) with the Smart analysis tool PLS-SEM 4.0. Audit quality is positively impacted by auditor efficiency and time budget pressure, whereas audit complexity negatively impacts audit quality. Furthermore, understanding information systems can mitigate the impact of competence on the audit profession. In contrast, understanding information systems cannot mitigate the impact of time budget pressures and audit complexity.


As microelectronic technology spreads into the field of substation automation, an integrated protection and control system is developed and discussed by the authors. An expert system has been built to meet the functional demands of a substation, in an integrated protection and control system concept. The simulation tests of this project were performed on IBM personal computers and correct results were obtained.


Road accidents are one of the most relevant issues in today's society. Hazard road can be classified to any fixed object by the side of the road that can cause an accident or lead to a crash. Every year 1.2 million of people are killed and between 20 and 50 million people are offended due to the road accidents. In Malaysia, the numbers of traffic accident kept rising. Three main types of accidents in Malaysia is collision with passenger cars, collisions with other motorcycles and single-motorcycle accidents. One reason of accident occurrence can be lack of road design consistency which most drivers make fewer errors in the vicinity of geometric features. Geometric design consistency is emerging as an important component in highway design relate to the safety performance. Since motorcyclist have a higher fatality per distance traveled, this study will develop the potential relationship between design consistency which is represented by continuous speed profiles between motorcycle and other vehicle (cars) by using Global Positioning System (GPS) and the occurrence of motorcycles and other vehicle (cars) crashes which will results in the identification of the potential locations of motorcycles crashes along the Johor Federal roads. It will measure by estimating the 85th speed variation along the road which will produce continuous speed profiles of motorcycles and other vehicle (cars).


Hot corrosion behavior of three β-NiAl phase materials,namely aluminized Ni-30Al(mass%)and Ni-20Cr-10Al,and a bare cast alloy Ni-20Cr-13Al,was studied.The aluminized layer of Ni-30Al was simple β-NiAl,and the aluminized layer of Ni-20Cr-10Al consisted of β-(Ni,Cr)Al,and the cast Ni-20Cr-13Al consisted of β-NiAl,γ′-Ni3Al and α-Cr.The specimens were coated by Na2SO4 films,and tested in air at 900℃ for 10 h.After tests,only alumina scales were detected on the surfaces of all the specimens.The kinetic curves of the hot corrosion tests demonstrated that Cr is beneficial to the hot corrosion resistance of the β-NiAl phase materials.The mass gain of the aluminized Ni-20Cr-10Al was 20% lower than that of the cast Ni-20Cr-13Al,and was as half as that of the aluminized Ni-30Al.


Vacuum vessel (VV) is the main component of the China fusion engineering test reactor. Shell forming is relatively in the earliest phase, one of the most important processes during VV manufacturing. The profile errors caused by spring back of shells at room temperature will directly influence the subsequent manufacturing and experimental studies, so a set of dies, whose profiles can be easily revised, has been designed based on the spring-back theory. The empirical formula has been used to calculate the theoretic die profile value, which is mostly determined by the mechanical properties of 316LN stainless steel. Then, choosing four relevant values to simulate the forming process in which the optimal profile errors of shell must be controlled within 1.5 mm. The optimal dimensional value of the dies has been confirmed to guide the forming experimental study. After the experiment, the actual profile errors, thickness reduction, maximum spring back, maximum deformation rate, and the surface residual stress have been measured, and those data are an accurate indicator from the finite element analysis, also verifying the reasonability of the manufacturing process in turn.


The bachelor thesis deals with an experiment concerned with the usage of cartography in case of timely warning and crisis management for students' needs. A questionnaire investigation was made in three age groups of pupils and students from the Czech Republic and Slovakia. On basis of their knowledge such conclusions were elaborated which enable more effective modification of potential simulation of cartographic solutions adapted to specific perception of the surveyed group. Cartography enables an application of this way of mapping exactly to the problems of crisis situations, which is why it is very helpful. The primary aim in this context is to help pupils and students to use more simple and more schematic methods for acquiring new and in practice more exercisable knowledge.


PURPOSE: A search device for considering user behavior and a method thereof are provided to reflect behavior information of a user on a rank, thereby supplying an effective search service. CONSTITUTION: A storage unit(640) stores virtual link information which shows user behavior. A control unit(650) determines the display rank of a searched web object by calculating the user rank of the web object based on the user behavior. The control unit confirms the kinds of user behavior for a first web object and a weighted value corresponding to the kind. The control unit adds weighted values as many as the number of virtual links, which are generated by the user behavior, to the first web object. [Reference numerals] (610) Input unit; (620) Display unit; (630) Communication unit; (640) Storage unit; (650) Control unit; (652) User behavior detection unit;


Asteroids have recently come under greater interest due to their value as targets for mineral exploitation,scientific research and mitigation against their potential to impact with Earth. Trajectories to and from these smallbodies have been evaluated many times while closely bound orbits have recently also become well understood. Thetransition between the Solar and asteroid gravity dominated regions has received little attention and opportunitiesexist to investigate this area to the advantage of mission planning. There is the potential to utilise naturally occurringstability points, known as Lagrange points, which can slowly decay into a closely-bound orbit of the asteroid. A slowdescent to the asteroid means it can be fully characterised before encountering many of the perturbing elements thatgrow in intensity in proximity to these bodies, increasing certainty of mission success. Design of these trajectoriesrequires solving for the three body problem, which cannot be rigorously assessed analytically, making simulation anattractive tool. Efforts to create a tool that simulates this system with sufficient accuracy and accounts for control andother perturbing forces have been described and explained. Some early testing, validation and application of the toolhave been produced and displayed, as well as implications of the results so far. Further development and use of thetool, as well as its limitations, have been discussed, alongside future challenges and opportunities for work of thisnature.


The frequency of symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes was studied in 411 randomly selected conventionally treated Type 1 diabetic out‐patients. Between two consecutive visits to the out‐patient clinic each patient filled in a questionnaire at home. The number of hypoglycaemic episodes was then recorded prospectively in a diary for 1 week. From the questionnaires, the (retrospective) frequencies of mild and severe symptomatic hypoglycaemia were 1.6 and 0.029 episodes patient−1 week−1. From the diaries, the (prospective) frequencies of mild and severe hypoglycaemic episodes were 1.8 and 0.027 patient−1 week−1. Symptomatic hypoglycaemia was more frequent on working days than during weekends (1.8:1) and more frequent in the morning than during the afternoon, evening, and night (4.5:2.2:1.4:1). The symptoms of hypoglycaemia were non‐specific, heterogeneous, and weakened with increasing duration of diabetes. During their diabetic life, 36 % of the patients had experienced hypoglycaemic coma. The frequency of hypoglycaemia was positively, but only weakly, correlated with insulin dose, number of injections, percentage unmodified insulin of the total dose, and HbA1c (mild hypoglycaemia only). The frequency was also negatively, but weakly, correlated with age and HbA1c (episodes with coma only), but not correlated with sex, duration of diabetes, or patients' ratings of worries about mild and severe hypoglycaemia.


A recent study in a natural grassland in Argentina revealed that grazing strongly reduced the available pollinators for a population of Cypella herbertii. Comparing grazed and fenced areas (exclosures) we tested the hypothesis that self-incompatibility would be selected against in a pollinator-poor environment leading to changes in breeding system. No differences in breeding system were found between populations from inside and outside exclosures. However, we detected: (i) C. herbertii clearly exhibits a mixed- mating system but has a remarkably low sponta- neous fruit formation; (ii) this species though highly self-compatible expresses a significant decay at seed set stage when self-pollinated. We conclude that grazing impact on pollinators together with C. herbertii's high dependence on pollinators should be considered when assessing the risk of extinction of this species.


Massive MIMO(multiple input multiple output) technology has become the key of the next generation mobile communication networks, it uses a large number of antennas to improve spectrum effectiveness and power efficiency. The existing algorithms are only for single targets: maximum channel capacity or minimum symbol error rate, so this paper focuses on the dual targets antenna selection algorithm to ensure better balance. According to the existing algorithm, lattice reduction CLLL and variable list detection(VLD) are used to the antenna selection algorithm. Simulation results reveal that the improved algorithm has a larger channel capacity and a smaller symbol error rate with traditional single target algorithm.


A method for the manufacture of loud speakers of the type comprising in particular a pot for containing a magnet, which method is characterized in that the pot is made in one single piece by pressing and, to this end, a concave blank is formed; it is then pressed to give the blank the shape of a cone, which latter is closed, and the part to be crimped onto the protective cover is then made, the interior diameter measured, the base flattened and the height measured.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: backing comprises at least one surface coated with a layer containing at least one water-soluble polymer having hydroxyl functional groups, some of which has already reacted with at least one organic molecule which comprises at least one vinyl functional group and aldehyde functional group. EFFECT: providing cellulose fibre based backings designed for the silicone filming with improved properties such as crosslinking and silicone bonding while reducing the amount of used catalyst. 10 cl, 7 dwg, 4 tbl, 8 ex


Fulvic acids containing chemical elements (1) C,H,O, (2) C,H,O,N and (3) C,H,O,N,S have been synthesized from reactions in four mixtures of pure chemical reactants: (1) C6H4(OH)2 + NaOH, (2) C6H4(OH)2 + CH3COOH +NaOH, (3) C6H4(OH)2 + NH2CH2COOH + NaOH and (4) C6H4(OH)2 + NH2CH(CH2SH)COOH + NaOH, at pH = 10.0, in the dark and under oxidative conditions close to those encountered in the nature (ambient temperature and atmospheric conditions, f and f ) O2 ( g ) CO2( g ). Qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of synthesized fulvic acids (SFA) using a combination of analytical techniques in electron microscopy, molecular spectrometry (ATR-FTIR, UV-visible, ESI-MS, APCI-MS), and X-ray diffraction have allowed to obtain the following results : - all four reaction mixtures have produced a large number of individual fulvic acids, whose m/z ratios can be as high as 943 and are amorphous; - the SFA contain functional groups: alcohol, ether and carboxylate. The addition of compounds such as CH3COOH, NH2CH2COOH and NH2CH(CH2SH)COOH led to fulvic acids containing respectively ester, amine and thiol functional groups. Finally, a systematic study of the interactions between the U(VI) ion and fulvate ligands containing three elements (C,H,O) as a function of pH (4 - 10) has been developed using UV-visible spectroscopy. Two types of U(VI)-fulvate complexes have been identified in pH range 4 ? 7 and three types of complexes at pH = 10. The presence of absorption broadbands indicates that polyuranyl (VI) ions are part of constituents of the U(VI) - fulvate complexes.


The present political and policy context is beset with boundaries. There is constant work available for those engaged in the demarcation of boundaries, the defense of borders real and figurative, a...


Developing a dragonfly robot and reproducing the flapping mechanism involve challenging tasks particularly in terms of design and control to achieve high flapping frequency. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a rigid flapping mechanism of a dragonfly robot. As such, the flapping mechanism of a dragonfly robot was modelled and a working prototype was then assembled. An open-loop control system of using an Arduino Uno microcontroller board was established with embedded radio frequency (RF) communication protocol to wirelessly control the robot from a personal computer. Moreover, an ultrasonic sensor was implemented as well for future development. Based on several experimental results, the developed flapping mechanism has worked reasonably well with the addition of greases on adjoining parts of the dragonfly robot. At 3V motor input voltage, the mechanism was able to produce a flapping frequency of 10Hz. On the other hand, the incorporation of an ultrasonic sensor offered an accuracy of up to 97.21%. when being tested with 3-15cm distances object. In conclusion, the work presented in this study serves as a basis understanding to develop an overall better flapping mechanism for a dragonfly robot in the future.


Fresh water is becoming increasingly important in West Coast waterflood operations. Satisfactory treatment of fresh water is prerequisite to use of this water. Treatment is shown to be very similar for fresh and saline waters. Fresh waters are different from saline waters only by magnitude of dissolved solids fresh waters adverse effect of water-sensitive clays. (14 refs.)


Thank you very much for downloading contemplating adultery the secret life of a victorian woman. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this contemplating adultery the secret life of a victorian woman, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious bugs inside their desktop computer.


Silver nanoprisms (AgNPrs) have been widely used due to their outstanding optical properties which is one of an important phenomenon that depends on their size, shape, and compositions with characteristic localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The changes in LSPR of AgNPrs can be simply observed by the color changes of the AgNPrs colloidal solution, therefore, the AgNPrs have been mostly used as chemical sensors as they provide high sensitivity and capable to be functionalized to improve the detection selectivity. In this study, we report a photochemical technique to induce the shape conversion of the spherical silver nanoparticle to AgNPrs by light-emitting LED at several wavelengths. The synthesis reaction was simply started with the reduction of a silver ion and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reducing agent to generate silver nano-seeds stabilized by citrate. The reaction was controlled under a nitrogen atmosphere to avoid the oxidation reaction from oxygen. The reaction was then illuminated with narrowband Light Emitting Diode (LEDs) of 464 nm (blue), 513 nm (green), and 630 nm (red). It was found that the shape evolution was occurred when only LEDs source with 514 nm (> 2.59 eV) was used. The synthesized AgNPrs with out-of-plane quadrupole LSPR and in-plane dipole LSPR were obtained from the green LEDs. Effects of the pH and the mole ratio of the starting reagent (including Ag+: TSC: BH4-) were investigated. The shape conversion of AgNPs using light irradiation occurred when the system contains adequate amount of Ag+ (low mole ratio of reducting agent). By monitoring their LSPR, the synthesized AgNPrs show good stability after storing at 4?C in closed vials to prevent the effect of external light for 45 days. Finally, the flow-through reactor for synthesis AgNPrs was designed and operated to synthesize the AgNPrs. It was found that the product (AgNPrs) from bach synthesis and flow reactor are similar by monitoring their LSPR.


Parthenium hysterophorus is an aggressive annual herbaceous plant, native to the tropical America. It is now widely distributed in a number of tropical and sub-tropical countries threatening natural ecosystems, agro-ecosystems and biodiversity worldwide. It has been considered a great cause of skin allergy in mankind and animals too in many countries around the globe. Parthenium has achieved major weed status in India and Australia and posing lurking threat to many African and South–Asian countries. Earlier, it was not considered a major threat to agricultural crops in India and other countires, but now, all types of crops are infested with the weed in India. The infestation of this weed causes yield losses up to 40% in several crops and reduces forage production up to 90%. The rapid spread of Parthenium in India would be a bigger risk to the expansion and sustainable production of many crops, orhcards and grassland ecosystems in protected forests. Various management approaches namely cultural, mechanical, chemical and biological have been used to minimize losses caused by this weed, but most of these approaches are ineffective and suffer from one or other limitations. Although management using herbicides and exotic bioagents Zygogramma bicolorata for biological control has been found to contribute effectively to suppress Parthenium in India, nevertheless, the weed remains a significant problem. Integrated Parthenium Management is advoated to fight against this invincible weed. Hence, an attempt has been made to review its current spread, impact on agriculture, human and animal health and management in context to world in general and India in particular.


Sustainability has proved to be a unifying concept that emphasizes the need for us to consider the impacts of what we do in our generation on those who follow us in future generations. While we cannot know with certainty what these impacts may be, or what future generations will want or value, we can attempt to include what we think they will want or value in our current planning and management models. In this way we may at least estimate what they would like us to do today to allow them to better satisfy their needs and desires in the future. This then becomes a multiple objective planning problem, where if conflicts exist, trade offs can be identified and debated. This paper presents some approaches for doing this, and discusses how they may be applied in practice in the water resources sector.


The utility model provides a three phase steeling electricity prevention electricity meter, comprising a base shell, a meter cover, a circuit board, a current transformer, a public junction box and an insulation wiring pipe, etc., wherein the top end surface of the base shell is provided with a wiring hole, an inner cavity of the base shell is provided with the public junction box, the insulation wiring pipe is arranged between the public junction box and the wiring hole, the current transformer is inserted into the insulation wiring pipe; the inlet wire of the electricity meter passes through the insulation wiring pipe by the wiring hole to be connected with the public junction box, the outlet wire of the electricity meter is directly connected with the public junction box. The utility model has the advantages of effectively preventing the steeling electricity, lowering cost and improving the performance of products.


This paper explores adolescent boys' reactions to, and experiences of, school-based sex education. Using data and findings from a range of studies, it describes dominant patterns of response, and posits reasons for boys' frequent rejection and disruption of lessons. The relationship between bodily size and social capital and hierarchies of masculine sexual power and status is addressed. Evidence is presented which demonstrates that bravado and disruption are reactions to sex education which fails to address boys' needs. We need to create learning environments in which they can at least temporarily put to one side the need to behave in rigid sex-stereotypical ways.


Abstract The infra-red reflectivity of TiSe2 has been studied as a function of temperature in order to gain information relevant to the (2a × 2a × 2c) phase transition at 202 K. This paper emphasizes the properties of the IR-active phonons (E ⊥ c axis polarization) and the free carriers. The behaviour found supports a model in which the phase transition is driven by lattice phonons.


Coefficients has been developed for an equation that will calculate 11 different properties of saturated steam, for pressures from 1 psia to 3,000 psia. The equation is presented here along with coefficient values for calculations in both English and metric units.


Following the paper [BDC1], further relations between the classical topologies on function spaces and new ones induced by hyperspace topologies on graphs of functions are introduced and further characterizations of boundedly $\operatorname{UC}$ spaces are given.


Effects of the post-thermal treatment and UV irradiation time on the surface morphologies of the titania-polyacrylates nanofilm,synthesized by sol-gel process in Span85/Tween80 reverse micelles and subsequent rapid photopolymerization, were studied by AFM.The results demonstrated that the irradiation time and the post-thermal treatment promoted the formation of TiO_2 particles and the film densifying,but the roughness of the nanofilm changed little during post-thermal treatment,while got smaller as the irradiation time of UV irradiation was prolonged.The inorganic TiO_2 particles were homogeneously distributed in the organic matrix with mean diameter of 21.57-38.29 nm;the surface roughness parameters R_a,R_z and R_y of the inorganic/organic nanofilm were 1.272-2.263 nm,4.324-16.69 nm and 9.71-(19.39 nm),respectively,indicating a flat and slippery surface of the nanofilm.


We studied the LO linewidth limitation for a 16-QAM WDM coherent system. The simulation shows that the linewidth should be less than 500 KHz for ≥ 100 Gb/s over 300 km dispersion managed fiber link.


This paper deals with inverse problems related to the solutions of the Helmholtz equa- tion L0;ku0 = u0xx + u0yy + ku0 = 0 (k = const: > 0) for domains of two types. The generalized axial-symmetric Helmholtz equation L";ku = uxx + uyy + 2" y u y + ku = 0 (";k = const: > 0) is also considered. The inversion formulae obtained here may be used to reduce the boundary value problems for these equations to the boundary value problems of the theory of analytic functions. Solution of a radiation problem is given as an example.


BACKGROUND Prospective studies of the long-term outcomes of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection after treatment with interferon-based therapy (IBT) or direct-acting antivirals (DAA) are limited in many Asian countries. AIM To elucidate the incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and was confirmed by a propensity score-matching analysis. Independent factors for HCC after SVR were age, genotype 1, and the presence of cirrhosis. Treatment and achieving SVR with either IBT or DAA significantly reduced the incidences of HCC and mortality in the Asian patients with HCV infection. The risks of HCC and mortality were not significantly different regardless of whether SVR was induced by IBT or DAA. or significantly the incidences and in our Asian prospective cohort. The risks of HCC and all-cause of mortality were not significantly different regardless of whether SVR was induced by IBT or DAA. After achieving SVR, age, the presence of cirrhosis, and genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection were indicators of worse clinical outcomes.


Multiple hamartomas of the lung are uncommon. The few cases described to date are multiple parenchymal hamartomas or multiple endobronchial and parenchymal hamartomas. Herein, an original case is described which is characterized by the association between an endobronchial hamartoma and multiple, unusual, bronchial lesions of the peripheral lung.


As one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou",Zheng Banqiao is not only a famous artist but also a highly indiviual thinker in Chinese history.He advocated the spirit of the emphasis on individuality and the pursuit of human freedom,thought that all human beings are suited with nature,everything can be done with temperaments,one can never be afraid of attack with decisive resolutions.All these ideas have the enlightening significance and are worthy of researching and learning seriously for the people today.


The prediction of thermal comfort of building users in sedentary activities, is normally made using the methodology suggest by ISO 7730 (1994), through PMV/PPD model. The widespread use of this model, for different population and geographic situations, has shown little agreement with reported sensations of people. The model is based on the thermal balance between the man and the environment, making the relationship of people's thermal sensations and the thermal load on the body, that is, the difference between the heat generated by the body, through the metabolic rate and heat transfer from the body to the environment. The results from this methodology are different from those found in reality, because it does not consider the individual characteristics of people. This fact has been pointed out by others, like Humphreys and Nicol (1996). The aim of this work, is to present a predictive methodology of thermal sensations for people developing sedentary activities, based on field studies. It considers the heat transfer mechanisms as well as the personal characteristics of subjects. The prediction of the metabolic rate is based on measurements of oxygen consumption and individual characteristics of the individuals. The model developed was obtained by statistics causal analysis between the reported vote of the persons with different metabolic rates, but developing the same activity, and the heat transfer mechanisms. The model obtained, showed better agreement between the predicted sensations and the reported sensations, than the PMV model. The determinations coefficients encountered when using both methodologies were R2 = 0,90 and R2 = 0,66 respectively. The limits of temperature and humidity, for the comfort zone, obtained from this study, was different from Givoni's comfort zone, been used in Brazil. Differences also were found for different geographic regions and for naturally and conditioned buildings. The results of this work has contributed to a better understanding of the thermal comfort sensation of the Brazilian population in sedentary activities.


This paper utilizes original experimental data to identify the presence of labor market discrimination in the context of a developing country. We focus our analysis (and experimental design) on three crucial dimensions: gender, last name's origin (e.g., indigenous last name), and social class associated with place of residence. In order to assess the existence of discrimination on these dimensions, we submit more than 11,000 fictitious Curriculum Vitae (CV) for real job vacancies published weekly in an important Chilean newspaper. A range of strictly equivalent CVs in terms of qualifications and employment experience of applicants were sent out, varying only the gender, name, and place of residence. To our knowledge this is the first study with these characteristics carried out in a developing economy. We estimate binary choice models to identify differences in callbacks depending on gender, name and place of residence. Additionally, we estimate transitional models to measure differences in the time to receive a phone call. The results show different effects depending on the type of occupation considered. Specifically, indigenous names are discriminated among professionals. Women receive more and earlier callbacks when applying to jobs for technicians. Finally, we find that people who live in poor neighborhoods and females are discriminated in unskilled positions. ∗We thank Andrea Moro and Hugo Ñopo for helpful comments. We thank Francisco Aranguiz, Amanda Castillo, Verónica Flores, Bárbara Flores for their excellent research assistance as well as the outstanding performance of the Survey Unit of the Centro de Microdatos, University of Chile. †Department of Economics and Centro Microdatos, University of Chile. Address: Diagonal Paraguay 257, Office 1502, Santiago, Chile. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com ‡Department of Economics, ILADES/Universidad Alberto Hurtado. Address: Erasmo Escala 1835, Santiago, Chile. Email:firstname.lastname@example.com §Department of Economics and Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University. Address: 2001 Sheridan Road Room 3225, Evanston, Il, 60208. Email: email@example.com.


The invention discloses a new method for synthesizing a Ledipasvir chiral intermediate. The specific synthetic method includes the following steps that 1,1-dihalo-methyl cyclopropane and N-Boc-glycine ethyl ester are subjected to cyclization in an alkaline environment, and a spiro-compound is obtained; the spiro-compound is subjected to saponification hydrolysis and BOC deprotection, and a 5-diazaspiro[2,4]heptane-6-carboxylic acid raceme is obtained; the 5-diazaspiro[2,4]heptane-6-carboxylic acid raceme is subjected to asymmetric resolution, and S-5-diazaspiro[2,4]heptane-6-carboxylic acid is obtained. By means of the new method for synthesizing the Ledipasvir chiral intermediate, the atom economy is improved, the production cost is reduced, synthesis is easy, preparation is convenient, and large-scale industrial production is promoted.


Focusing on the asymmetric information in the exchange of shell resources,by applying the method- ologies of incomplete information dynamic games and information economics,a signaling game model between the purchaser and the bargainer of shell resources is given,and the separating equilibrium,pooling equilibrium and semi-separating equilibrium are discussed.The study shows that when the purchaser bid different prices, there are different Bayesian equilibriums.


The infrared thermal wave nondestructive evaluation technology is one kind of fast, effective and intuitionistic methods, which can detect skin-core disbonds in carbon fiber reinforced honeycomb material. The quantitative measure is feasible on experiment research. It is easy to figure out flaw depth based on formula derived from the principle of thermal wave. The flaw size is detected by two methods and compared. The results show that image edge detection with Canny operator can improve performance of edge detection and visibility of shape of defects and flaws, and it may be regarded as a reference to measure the flaw size under the surface of the material.


Abstract : The object of project A13 is to develop colored smoke mixtures for use in colored smoke munitions. The object of this work is to develop a formula for a red smoke hand grenade in which the dye 2-anisole-azo-beta-naphthol, or a similar dye could be used. (Author)


Objective To investigate the clinical effect and safety of fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous gastrostomy and nasogastric feeding tube placement.Methods The clinical data of sixty-seven patients with dysphagia were retrospectively analyzed.The primary diseases included laryngocarcinoma(n =14),esophagomediastinal fistul a(n = 18) and cervical esophageal carcinoma(n = 35).Twenty-two patients underwent fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous gastrostomy(group G) and forty-five patients received fluoroscopy-guided nasogastric feeding tube placement(group N).The results were analyzed and compared between the two methods.Results The interventional therapy was successfully accomplished in all patients with a technical success rate of 100%.In both groups,the levels of the serum albumin(ALB),prealbumin(PA) and total lymphocyte count(TLC) determined at 8 days and one month after the procedure were significantly higher than those determined before the therapy(P 0.05).One and three months after the treatment,the patient's body weight was significantly increased and the living quality was significantly improved when compared to those evaluated before the treatment(P 0.05).One month after the operation,The level of the ALB and the quality of life of the patients in group G were significantly better than those of the patients in group N(P 0.05).No statistically significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications existed between the two groups(P 0.05).The medical expense of percutaneous gastrostomy was about 2.6 times of that of nasogastric feeding tube placement.Conclusion Both percutaneous gastrostomy and nasogastric feeding tube placement,which are performed under fluoroscopic guidance,are clinically safe and effective,both of them can improve patient's nutrition state.However,the gastrostomy is superior to nasogastric feeding tube placement in clinical effectiveness,although the expense of gastrostomy is higher than that of nasogastric feeding tube placement.


Abstract A low sludge load is commonly used for the production of very well nitrified water and a low sludge production. The activated sludge and primary effluent used were taken from a traditionally operated activated sludge treatment plant. In a batch biological reactor, the sludge was dosed with 0–100 mg phenol and 30 mg ammonia per litre of MLSS. The quantity of primary effluent added equalled 4, 10 and 20 litres, respectively. Removal of phenol always started immediately and microbial adaptation to phenol was quite fast, resulting in an increase of the phenol removal rates and shorter adaptation times previous to rapid nitrification than reported in literature so far. At phenol doses below 10 g.kg‐1 MLSS the nitrification displayed no adaptation time. At higher values the adaptation time increased to 20 hours approximately. The nitrifying bacteria in the used sludge were much more resistant to phenol than the sludges reported in literature. A phenol dose of 15.9 g.kg‐1 MLSS produced a 75% inhibition ...


This study describes the transport and speciation of mercury (Hg) and the associated role of organic matter in these processes at the confluence of the Negro ('black waters') and Solimões ('white waters') Rivers, which form the Amazon River. The Negro has the highest total Hg content (11·6 to 18·2 ng l−1) due to the extreme particulate Hg concentrations (2074 ng g−1 at the surface), 10 to 20 times higher than those measured in other Amazon tributaries. The total organic carbon (TOC) consists primarily of dissolved organic carbon, which corresponds to 89% and 66% of the TOC in the Negro and Solimões Rivers respectively, and is mainly composed of humic substances, carriers for most of the metal ions transported in rivers. At the confluence of the Negro and Solimões Rivers, the total Hg concentrations decrease markedly. An isotopic mass balance showed that the complete mixing of the two rivers was achieved 25 km downstream of the confluence. At 60 km downstream of the confluence, the flux of Hg decreases to 73 kg day−1, which represents a net losses of 5 kg day−1 and 15 kg day−1 of dissolved Hg and particulate Hg respectively, assuming that the discharge was constant during the sampling survey and without significant lateral input. Moreover, the Hg losses are correlated with the total suspended matter concentrations, which vary throughout the mixing zone, and also with the particulate and dissolved organic carbon distribution. We suggest that the dissolved loss occurs during the flocculation of organic matter within the zone of rapidly changing physical and chemical conditions downstream of the confluence, and that the particulate loss is by the deposition of particles along the mixing zone favoured by decreasing stream velocities during the sampling survey. Adsorption processes of Hg on dissolved organic matter seem to be responsible for the decrease of dissolved Hg concentrations in the mixing zone. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract Dust samples were collected from 58 beds occupied by patients with Sarcoptes scabiei infection. In these samples we found a total of 1322 Arachnida making an average of 23 specimens in 1 g of dust. Among these we recovered 4 nymphs and one male of Sarcoptes scabiei, from 6.9% of the beds examined. We have discussed the possibility of transmission of scabies with the bedclothes, and the role played in this transmission by the individual developmental stages of the mite.


The Voluntariado Javeriano, as an institutional project and part of the San Francisco Javier Pastoral Centre of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, has become a social leader through the promotion of community transformation and intervention projects in training in different areas of knowledge to populations with diverse social challenges over the past ten years. However, the lack of pedagogical tools in the practices of program volunteers does not contribute to the achievement of two objectives of the VJ intervention approach: Quality and relevance. Thus, the CREA Training Workshop was born as an educational material initiative that approximates Javeriana volunteers to the Ignatian Pedagogical Paradigm and the Task-Oriented Communicative Approach using English as a learning area.

This material focused on favouring the pedagogical interventions carried out by the Javeriana volunteers of the Child and Youth Citizen Training project using English as a foreign language. For this, the needs that the volunteers had at the pedagogical level were identified, the workshop guide was created, the contents of which respond to the methodological aspects that require a theoretical support and concrete exemplifications for the development of the interventions. After applying the material, it is concluded that the workshop elicited an examination in terms of planning the volunteers' future interventions. Likewise, the proposal for a Task-Oriented Communicative Approach and the PPI constituted a wide space for the involvement of the contextual, socio-economic and emotional analysis of the participants of the voluntary actions, thus provoking significant learning.


Social education is an important function of museum while the primary secondary school students are the focus of target groups, so to combine with the school education is an important task of the museum education. American Old Sturbridge Village Museum has been adhering to the intercourse with school education for 60 years and has accumulated rich experience in innovative practice of the primary secondary school education, which has been acknowledged all over the world. Those experience, such as developing intercourse between museum and school education, making full use of resource advantages, organizing all kinds of activities and providing thoughtful services, is of great significance for the school education of Chinese museums.


The present paper examines existing links between identities and the social structure in the context of identity control theory. I point out that, whether social structure is conceived as positions (roles and group memberships) to which identities are tied, or as the human organization of resource flows and transfers that are controlled by the identity verification process, identities and social structure are two sides of the same coin. Building on this theme, I develop hypotheses that explore some of the implications of this identity—social structure link. Some hypotheses suggest contexts in which identity change is likely; others explore the various consequences of identity verification, which depend on the different ways in which identities are tied to the social structure.


Observed and predicted changes in the strength of the westerly winds blowing over the Southern Ocean have motivated a number of studies on the response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and Southern Ocean meridional overturning circulation (MOC) to wind perturbations and led to the hypothesis of the "eddy compensation" regime, wherein the MOC becomes insensitive to wind changes. In addition to the MOC, tracer transport also depends on mixing processes. Here we show, in a high‐resolution process model, that isopycnal mixing by mesoscale eddies is strongly dependent on the wind strength. This dependence can be explained by mixing length theory and is driven by increases in eddy kinetic energy; the mixing length does not change strongly in our simulation. Simulation of a passive ventilation tracer (analogous to CFCs or anthropogenic CO2) demonstrates that variations in tracer uptake across experiments are dominated by changes in isopycnal mixing, rather than changes in the MOC. We argue that to properly understand tracer uptake under different wind‐forcing scenarios, the sensitivity of isopycnal mixing to winds must be accounted for.


∗ National University of Singapore. Corresponding author: Ivan Png, School of Business, National University of Singapore, 1 Business Link, Singapore 117592, Tel: +65 6516-6807, http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~ipng/. We are grateful for comments at presentations given at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Oxford University, the 3 Conference on the Economics of ICT, Telecom Paris, and the 2008 Annual SERCI Conference. Ivan Png thanks Nuffield College for kind hospitality in Michaelmas Term, 2007, during which part of this paper was written. In November 1992, the European Economic Community issued Directive 92/100/EEC (the "Rental Directive") to harmonize copyright laws with regard to rights of rental and lending, and the neighboring rights of performers, music and film producers, and broadcasters. Member countries of the European Economic Area were required to comply with the Directive with effect from July 1994. We studied the impact of the Rental Directive on the production of movies in 17 European countries during the period 1993-2005. We found that the Rental Directive was associated with an increase in movie production ranging between 10.35% (±6.50%) and 16.81% (±12.71%). Importantly, the increase was higher in countries where piracy was lower. These findings were robust to various specifications, including the measure of compliance with the Rental Directive and the measure of piracy, changes in government funding, other significant changes in copyright law, and exclusion of a possible outlier country. The Rental Directive enabled movie producers to directly discriminate between video tapes for sale vis-à-vis rental. It was associated with retail rental revenues being 5.81% higher and retail sale revenues being 8.32% higher.


The invention provides an antibiotic textile and a production method thereof. The antibiotic textile is obtained through depositing silver nanoparticles on a titanium dioxide supported textile. Titanium dioxide is deposited on the textile, the morphology of the titanium dioxide has flower type, and the silver nanoparticles are deposited on the titanium dioxide supported textile, so the antibiotic textile obtained in the invention has good washing fastness. The production method of the antibiotic textile has the advantages of simplicity, short production period and few three wastes.


Delias pasithoe( Linnaeus) pupates aggregatively only on Sonneratia caseolaris and Acanthus ilicifolius. Leaves are the main pupation places rather than stems. There are differences between the leaf front and leaf back of different plants in the pupation of Delias pasithoe. In S. caseolaris more pupae appear on leaf front while in A. ilicifolius the pupae on leaf back are more than those on leaf front. The aim of the studies is to correctly grasp its distribution in the mangrove and lay the foundation for the further study of forecast and control of D. pasithoe.


The methods that are based on the anonymous spatial region are vulnerable to multiple queries attacks and inference attacks,which result in the privacy exposure issues. In order to ensure the location-based privacy security,this paper constructed the random k-cloak set to meet requirement of location k-anonymity and location l-diversity. Random k-cloak set is composed of discrete dots of location,and the grid distance between dots is greater than the threshold value s. Private information retrieval employed in the study guaranteed privacy in retrieval processing,and achieved the goal that the server provides the location-based service for users on the premise of not knowing user's query results. Simulation experiments verify the security and validity of this method.


The purpose of this article is to present a simple solution of the classic dog-and-rabbit chase problem which emphasizes the use of concepts of elementary kinematics and, therefore, can be used in introductory mechanics course. The article is based on the teaching experience of introductory mechanics course at Novosibirsk State University for first year physics students which are just beginning to use advanced mathematical methods in physics problems.


The authors examine a member of a class of algorithms which generates successively refined estimates of object boundaries from initial plans. The class of interest is called bead chain algorithms: the novel member is referred to as the ramp bead chain algorithm. It is less complex than either the original bead chain algorithm, which requires vector calculations, or the modified bead chain algorithm, which involves exponential calculations. Only the four elemental operators are used by the ramp bead chain algorithm. The results of tests on artificial and real data demonstrate performance better than or equal to that of the more complex algorithms.<<ETX>>


Abstract This article attempts to understand how East Asian nations dealt with the norms and concepts of Western international law and for that purpose takes up the peace process of the Sino-Japanese War. It argues that in that incident neither China nor Japan passively accepted the methods of dispute settlement developed in Western international law and that rather those countries tried to pick and choose among the legal institutions of that law according to their respective interests. This article concludes that the incident suggests Western international law was not immune to changes through the interaction between Europeans and East Asians in the process of its expansion.


The content of the article is devoted to the workshop, the form of training sessions which solves a specific problem in search of solutions which are all participants in the process (teacher and students). In the education standardization conditions, changing role of the teacher education paradigms with compiler changes to participants in the educational process. Recognizing the substantive education teacher, meaningful motivation skills, the value orientation of teachers in the profession. The study was based on the principles of problem-solving contradictions between the need to control the educational process and practice teachers received professional training mode znanievoy paradigm. During the workshop they identified the problems associated with the concept of geographical education, implementation of competence-based approach, the design of the social environment of students, identifying the role of the teacher and other Research methods – questionnaires, workshop. The method of questioning revealed the research, design, management, and reflexive professional competence of the teacher. The workshop is allowed to link their theoretical knowledge with the specific difficulties of the teacher. Stages of research: Diagnostic, Information and shaping (for a discussion of professional problems), corrective (training analysis), organizational-activity. The study led to the conclusion that the high level of organization of the educational process is associated with self-organization and self-development of students. Technology workshop provided optimalnye conditions of professional co-andragogist teacher and teachers, the synthesis of experience and real problems; Transparency boundaries between academic and professional activities, the possibility of their mutual transformation.


Abstract Imprinting disorders are a group of rare diseases with a broad phenotypic spectrum caused by a wide variety of genetic and epigenetic disturbances of imprinted genes or gene clusters. The molecular genetic causes and their respective frequencies vary between the different imprinting disorders so that each has its unique requirements for the diagnostic workflow, making it challenging. To add even more complexity to this field, new molecular genetic causes have been identified over time and new technologies have enhanced the detectability e. g. of mosaic disturbances. The precise identification of the underlying molecular genetic cause is of utmost importance in regard to recurrence risk in the families, tumour risk, clinical management and conventional and in the future therapeutic managements. Here we give an overview of the imprinting disorders, their specific requirements for the diagnostic workup and the most common techniques used and point out possible pitfalls.


Long‐term facilitation (LTF) has been studied for 3 decades, yet its physiological significance is still unclear. Since LTF was present in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients during sleep, LTF has been speculated to help stabilize pharyngeal airway (PA) patency in OSA patients after repeated apneas/hypopneas. We previously reported a progressive decrease in PA critical pressure (Pcrit) after acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) and a lower Pcrit in peak inspiration (I) vs. expiration (E). We hypothesized that AIH induces a persistent decrease in PA collapsibility across the breathing cycle via LTF, and the 5‐HT2 or NMDA receptor antagonism, which blocks LTF, eliminates this collapsibility decrease. Adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were anesthetized, vagotomized and ventilated. Genioglossal activity and Pcrit were measured in E and peak I, before and after 5 × 3‐min isocapnic 12% O2 with 3‐min 30% O2 intervals. AIH induced a progressive/persistent decrease in both E‐ and I‐Pcrit, which reached its nadir (mean: −3.7 cmH2O in E‐Pcrit and −5.9 in I‐Pcrit) at 45 min post‐AIH. Both the Pcrit decrease and LTF were eliminated by pretreatment with ketanserin (a specific 5‐HT2 antagonist, 2 mg/kg, i.v.) or MK‐801 (NMDA antagonist, 0.2 mg/kg, i.v.). These data suggest that AIH induces a persistent decrease in PA collapsibility via LTF of PA dilators, and this decrease requires 5‐HT2 and NMDA receptors. (Supported by NIH HL64912)


The role of state actor in refugee protection is seriously limited by the "nationalism" nature of a nation-state. In particular, there has been a lack of attention from Indonesia as implied by non-ratifying choice taken by the government. The problem here with this approach is, refugee's rights are viewed as entitlement from state and should conform with the state's interest. Thus, there needs to be a new approach in pursuing a refugee protection regime. This paper shifts the focus from the role of state to the roles played by other actors. This paper gives a particular focus on Refugee Community Housing in Sewon, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The Community Housing is an initiative from International Organization for Migration (IOM) which provides temporary settlement as well as living allowance for refugees. Our preliminary study found that the coordination among IOM, Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS)–an international NGO working to assist refugees, and Immigration Office of Yogyakarta—has to some extent demonstrated a better service and treatment to refugees than state's philanthropy in general. Some limitations remains exist, but overall, community housing provides a foundation for a civil society-based refugee protection.


Two new studies in JAMA provide insights into obesity and weight reduction. The first was a cross-sectional study of 2792 adults in Manitoba, Canada,


22 4% in controls. The prevalence of HLA B7 was also higher in idiopathic haemochromatosis than in controls (38-4% v 11 3% and 14 6%). An association between the haemochromatosis gene and the A3B7 haplotype has been seen in all series throughout the world.3 Associations with A3B14,)" Al 1B35 and A1 1B5,' A1B8' and A3B359 were also observed in different countries. The association with A3B7 was observed in five probands of our series. The A3 antigen showed linkage with other B, not B7, antigens in four probands. In five probands with A3B7 phenotype pedigree analysis showed that only four of five genotypes accorded with the proband's genotypes. Our results agree with data reported from other countries; A3 is significantly more common on idiopathic haemochromatosis chromosomes regardless of the presence or absence of B7 or B14, and A3 (and to a lesser degree All) is the independent idiopathic haemochromatosis allele marker.3 The number of heterozygotes, identified through pedigree studies, agrees with the expected prevalence according to published findings,'0 the number of homozygotes, however, was small. The probability of finding HLA identical (homozygote) family members through pedigree studies is influenced by different factors: the recessive mode of inheritance, the gene prevalence in the population, and number of siblings in the family, etc. The HLA identical, but disease free sibling, was a 40 year old women with regular menses. The transferrin saturation value and the serum ferritin concentration were normal. She may be an example of incomplete expressivity or recombination.4 A detailed investigation of DNA polymorphism would be required to explain this finding. Extended family and population studies are necessary in Hungary to establish the prevalence of the gene and the likely role of haplotypes other than A3B7.


The utility model discloses a spray organic waste gas purifying processing system which comprises a paint spray work table, an activated carbon purifying system, a centrifugal fan and a connection hose. The paint spray work table comprises a work platform, a rotatable paint spray table body, a paint mist felt and a paint mist felt filter differential pressure gauge. The activated carbon purifying system comprises a primary filter, a medium efficiency filter and an activated carbon absorber, wherein the primary filter comprises a first-level primary filter body, a second-level primary filter body and a primary filter differential pressure gauge; the medium efficiency filter comprises a cloth bag filter body and a cloth bag filter differential pressure gauge; the activated carbon absorber comprises first level activated carbon, a first level activated carbon filter differential pressure gauge, second level activated carbon and a second level activated carbon filter differential pressure gauge. Due to the arrangement of the paint spray work table and multiple stages of waste gas filter absorbing devices, the concentrate of waste gas entering the activated carbon purifying system and the utilization rate of the activated carbon are improved.


One of the main subjects to be solved for realizing contact recording systems (CRS) in future high density HDDs is reduction of head wear. However, there are few reports on the reduction of contact head wear. For this purpose, we started wear studies on thin-film magnetic disks by using transparent pin-on-disk wear tests and investigated pin wear on various thin-film disk surfaces for CRS. Though our transparent pin-on-disk wear test is very convenient in studying wear characteristics, the correlation between pin wear and head-pad wear has not been clear. In this paper, we first describe our study on the effects of several parameters of disk lubricants (difference in MW, molecular dispersion, and end groups). We then explain our study of pin and head wear on the same set of disk surfaces and compare the relation between them. The results showed that the pin-on-disk wear test could be used for contact head wear study.


The experience of using the method of visualization polyharmonic vibrations, based on the use of modern means of photo and video recording, is considered. Mathematical processing of high-speed video recording of the object under study increases its oscillations with amplitude of several tens of micrometers to a level perceived by naked eye. The visualization is a source of additional information for engineers and makes it possible to see the overall picture of the distribution of vibrations and, thus, determine optimization paths. The method was tested on a number of electric power facilities, and the results indicate its promise as a new diagnostic parameter.


The primary productivity of mangrove swamps, submerged seagrass beds, phytoplankton, and benthic microalgae was measured in the Laguna de Terminos during 1978-1981. Riverine input affected mangrove productivity and chlorophyll levels. Banded trees at the riverine site showed a more rapid rate of growth than the trees at the higher salinity site. Litter bag decomposition measurements of mangrove leaves were also higher at the riverine site, with 24% remaining after 6 months as compared to 50% at the high salinity site. Chlorophyll a concentrations ranged from 0.3-8.2 mg/m super(3). There was a seasonal pattern in Chl a) concentration with the lowest mean values ( similar to 1 mg/m super(3)) during the dry season (Feb.-June) and the highest mean values ( similar to 5 mg/m super(3)) during and following the rainy season.


Embodying Mexico: Tourism, Nationalism, and Performance. By Ruth Hellier-Tinoco. (Currents in Latin American and Iberian Music, no. 4.) New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. [x, 341 p. ISBN 9780195340365 (hardcover), $99; ISBN 9780199790814 (paperback), $29.95.] Illustrations, appendices, bibliography, index. Embodying Mexico focuses on two "corporeal acts" or "embodied activities" known as La Danza de los Viejitos (The Dance of the Old Men) and Noche de Muertos (Night of the Dead), both from the Lake Patzcuaro area of Michoacan, Mexico. As the author Ruth Hellier-Tinoco argues, these practices, associated with the P'urhepecha people, are "deployed as efficacious, iconic embodiments and referents of Mexico and Mexicanness" (p. 3), a process begun in the early 1920s following the Mexican revolution. The book reveals the gradual appropriation and essentialization of these practices to further the "politics and poetics" of nationalism and tourism under the rhetoric of supporting "folklore" and indigenous peoples. The author surveys nine decades of such processes, showing how, despite the era or ideology, people and institutions used similar or identical techniques to subsume the practices for their own ends. The book itself is an expansion of Hillier-Tinoco's doctoral dissertation from 2001, allowing her to write with an assuredness and vivid detail that come with over a decade of research in this area. As a result, even the bibliography alone is a valuable resource for researchers of related topics. The first appendix-on the "choreology" and music of The Old Men-is the only detailed account of the music and dance that approaches something of a normative analysis. Though it was probably the publisher's decision to set the appendix in a smaller typeface, it does indicate that the book is not about music or dance per se, but more about the historical, political, ideo logical, and social processes in which the sounds and movements are imbricated. The book is well illustrated with maps and still photographs, but especially welcome is the publisher's willingness to include some of the author's videos on a companion Web site (http://www.oup.com/us/embodying mexico, accessed 28 June 2012). Since so much of the book relies on understanding the contexts in which these practices are deployed, it is to the credit of Oxford University Press that it enables the videos to illuminate the text in that way. Embodying Mexico is divided into three main parts: part 1 gives a general overview of the subject and the theoretical issues at play; part 2 is the largest part of the book, serving as a chronological and somewhat thematic exploration of The Old Men, Night of the Dead, and the array of people and techniques involved in labeling these variously as "indigenous," "Mexican," "folklore," "patrimony," and so on; part 3 consists of particular cases used for further analysis and theoretical excursions. From the outset, Hellier-Tinoco's theoretical undertaking as introduced in part 1 is ambitious and somewhat overwhelming. The broad scope at times leads to lists of academic terms, such as when she states that her theoretical themes include "notions of folkloricization, ideological refunctionalization, embodiment, essentialization, gaze, authentication, commodification, commoditization, and traditionalization" (p. 5). She does cover much of this conceptual terrain to varying degrees, displaying an impressive understanding of each area, yet as a result of including so many theoretical themes, seems leftwith little space to further or deeply refine any particular one. The author also makes an unusual distinction between the words commodification and commoditization, usually used synonymously. It is unclear how commodification-defined in the text as "the alteration or modification of a practice to suit a particular agenda and enactment venue" (p. 46)-is any more useful than simply saying "modification" or "alteration." Nevertheless, these are relatively minor issues within the overall scope of the book, one that is generally masterful and enlightening. …


AbstractWhen applying a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model in hydrological simulation, researchers generally face three problems. The first one is that real-time correction mode must be adopted when forecasting basin outlet flow, i.e., observed antecedent outlet flows must be utilized as part of the inputs of the BPNN model. Under this mode, outlet flow can only be forecasted one time step ahead, i.e., continuous simulation cannot be implemented. The second one is that topology, weights, and biases of BPNN cannot be optimized simultaneously by traditional training methods. Topology designed by the trial-and-error method and weights and biases trained by back-propagation (BP) algorithm are not always global optimal and the optimizations are experience-based. The third one is that simulation accuracy for the validation period is usually much lower than that for the calibration period, i.e., generalization property of BPNN is not good. To solve these problems, a novel coupled black-box model named ...


The integration of innovative practice with routine practice and all-round production practice constitute two different perspectives to the study of practice.The innovative practice and routine practice are two different kinds of practice classified depending on whether the internal structure of practice has changed while all-round production practice is divided into three different fields of practice according to the contents of internal structure.The two perspectives aim at the same practical world and so are closely related to each other.On one hand,innovative practice and routine practice can be found in all the fields of practice.On the other hand,innovative practice coincides with spiritual production practice,which embodies the superior model of existence of human beings.


Despite the technical advances in seismic structural design, many regions still present a high level of seismic risk, principally due to the high vulnerability of their buildings. A modification of the empirical method for assessing the seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete buildings in urban areas is proposed in this contribution. In the RISK-UE LM1 framework, the values of certain behaviour modifiers related to the typological, structural and urban parameters of the buildings have been modified according to a review and analysis of the currently available models and an evaluation of the actual seismic performance of buildings. This provides continuity to the progress of the previous works published to date. The proposal has been applied to the city of Lorca, Spain, for which ample knowledge of the damage occurred in the earthquake of May 11, 2011 is available. Less dispersion between actual observed and estimated damage in buildings is presented in comparison with the previous studies, with a statistical significance of 5%, thus achieving a more accurate evaluation of seismic risk. The new model also provides valuable information to be used in the planning and management of post-earthquake emergency situations when combining with GIS techniques, thus allowing for a better definition of several damage scenarios to enhance the development and urban preparedness in case of further seismic events.


The production of oil and gas from the North Sea is now in its second decade. In this article the inspection, maintenance and repair of oil production platforms are described with particular reference to the Department of Energy`s interests


Cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films were deposited onto glass substrates by the chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. Aqueous baths of cadmium sulphate and thiourea were used as sources of cadmium (Cd+2) and sulphur (S−2) ions, respectively. The influence of the varied bath temperature from 65°C to 85°C in a step of 10°C on the crystallographic structure, morphology as well as optical properties of as-deposited films were investigated in detail. Increasing bath temperature can promote phase transformation from cubic to hexagonal and improvement of crystallinity in CdS films. CdS film deposited at 85° C shows compact and smooth surface, and excellent transmission in visible light range. The band gaps are found to decrease from 2.52 eV to 2.36 eV with the increase of bath temperature.


C-reactive protein (CRP) as an inflammatory marker is known to be a risk marker associated with cardiovascular diseases. In this study, relationship between serum CRP with glucose and insulin sensitivity were determined in obese or overweight women. For this purpose, fasting blood samples were collected in 21 sedentary healthy obese or overweight women (age, 39 ± 5.3 year; BMI, 32 ± 3.7 kg/m2) in order to measuring serum CRP, insulin and glucose concentration. Insulin sensitivity was calculated using insulin and glucose. Pearson's correlations were performed to identify possible relationship among the assessed variables. A positive association was observed between fasting glucose and serum CRP (p = 0.027, r = 0.48). There were no correlations between serum CRP concentrations with insulin (p = 0.881, r = 0.035) or insulin sensitivity (p = 0.821, r = 0.053). Our findings indicate that circulating CRP can be affect glucose concentration independent of insulin sensitivity in obese or overweight subjects.


Benzotriazole (BTAH) affects the localized corrosion of Cu10Ni alloy in 3.4% NaCl salt water containing 2 ppm sulfide ions. BTAH concentrations > 5 x 10-4 M imparted corrosion inhibiting efficiency that increased with its concentration. On the other hand, a concentration of 10-4 M BTAH acted as a promoter of pitting corrosion of the alloy in the above medium. The results of optical and scanning electron microscopy could be rationalized on the basis of competitive adsorption of BTAH and sulfide ions on the alloy surface and the formation of copper oxide and copper sulfide. The presence of the above phases was identified in the xray diffraction spectra of the corrosion products.


In a recent communication 1 it was reported that chickens require a much greater amount of irradiated ergosterol than its cod liver oil equivalent in order to protect them against leg-weakness. The potency of the irradiated ergosterol preparation used in these experiments has been standardized on rats on the basis of cod liver oil, as is the custom in the United States. In another communication 2 from this laboratory, it was shown that irradiated ergosterol, when given to rats in inadequate amounts, acted differently from cod liver oil, in that it raised the inorganic phosphorus of the blood to its normal concentration without healing the rachitic lesion. The action of these two specific antirachitic agents is likewise not identical in relation to infantile rickets. This winter, in the course of an extended series of observations, it was found that 20 drops of a standard preparation of irradiated ergosterol (viosterol) in some instances failed to fully protect infants from rickets, although the inorganic phosphorus concentration of the blood was maintained. According to the standard biological test, 20 drops of this preparation is equivalent to 10 teaspoonfuls of cod liver oil. In one instance in which mild rickets developed although this amount of irradiated ergosterol had been given daily, 6 teaspoonfuls of cod liver oil subsequently brought about healing in a few weeks as demonstrated by radiographs. In other words, 6 teaspoonfuls of cod liver oil brought about cure where 20 drops of irradiated ergosterol (supposed to be the equivalent of 10 teaspoonfuls of cod liver oil) failed to afford complete protection. Such a result does not mean that the antirachitic action of irradiated ergosterol is weak or unreliable, for undoubtedly complete protection or cure would have been brought about by a larger dosage.


Abstract Current proposals for agrarian reform in Moldova are founded upon three key elements: (1) denationalization of the land and its transfer into the ownership of the people who live on it; (2) demonopolization of the means of production, distribution and marketing of food products away from the state; (3) rebirth of the peasant farmer as a free entrepreneur with the right to own land, the products therefrom, and the income from their sale. This paper argues in favour of all three of these methods of reform, and presents a model of how, acting together, they could help to restimulate the Moldovan agroeconomy. In analysing the structural outputs of the proposed reform process however, the paper highlights a major dysfunction between the proposed new production and marketing sectors. A model is presented, illustrating how a range of both single, and multipurpose, 'true' co‐operatives could contribute to the removal, or amelioration, of the production‐marketing dysfunction. In this co‐operative model, r...


Decision of tax payments in the informal sector does not depend only on economic and personal characteristics of the operators. This is the main finding the study wants to achieve. In fact as revealed social psychology scientits, every behavior take place in a specific environment where cultural, social or physical aspects can affect it (Godin, 2009). This generated interactions between environment and behaviour. So it's remained complicated to study the determinant of the behaviour omitting this « environmental » dimension. Literature on determinants of payments in the informal sector generally doesn't access this thesis. Here we analyze the relevance of spillover effects in the informal sector tax payment process. We focus on the effects inferred by the social interactions on the decision of paying or not taxes. The methodology of research is a Probit Spatial Durbin Model which permit to test the spatial dependance on non-linear models. We implemented it on microdata of Cameroon informal sector take into the Survey at the Employment and the informal sector 2010. Empirical results suggest a spatial dependence between the decisions of payments within the informal sector. In the case of " Constrained Gazelles " or "Top-performer "– most successful enterprises with the highest level and productivity of capital- decisions of tax payments influence positively and significantly those of the other firms. However, for companies doing survival activities, a dissuasive but not significant effect is observed.


Abstract 8-Hydroxyquinoline immobilized on polyacrylonitrile hollow fiber membrane was synthesized and used for the preconcentration of cadmium, lead, copper, mangenese, bismuth, indium, cobalt, beryllium and silver in sea water prior to their determination by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The optimum experimental conditions such as pH, sample flow rate and volume of eluents were investigated. The concentration factor of at least 300 for analytes of interest in sea water and separation of matrix components can be achieved. The recommended method has been applied for the determination of trace elements in coastal sea water. The results indicated that the recovery ranged from 91% to 107%, and the relative standard deviations were found to be less than 5% for trace elements at ng/L level.


Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto www.aalto.fi Author Ari-Pekka Perkkiö Name of the doctoral dissertation Duality in stochastic and dynamic optimization Publisher School of Science Unit Department of Mathematics and Systems Analysis Series Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 133/2013 Field of research Mathematics Manuscript submitted 28 May 2013 Date of the defence 11 October 2013 Permission to publish granted (date) 19 August 2013 Language English Monograph Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Abstract The main theme in this dissertation is convex duality in stochastic and dynamic optimization. The analysis is based on the conjugate duality framework of Rockafellar and on the theory of convex integral functionals. The dissertation consists of an overview and of three articles.The main theme in this dissertation is convex duality in stochastic and dynamic optimization. The analysis is based on the conjugate duality framework of Rockafellar and on the theory of convex integral functionals. The dissertation consists of an overview and of three articles. In the first article we study dynamic stochastic optimization problems parameterized by a random variable. Such problems arise in many applications in operations research and mathematical finance. We give sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions and the absence of a duality gap. Our proof uses extended dynamic programming equations, whose validity is established under new relaxed conditions that generalize certain no-arbitrage conditions from mathematical finance. The second article contributes to the theory of integral functionals that is closely connected with set-valued analysis. Given a strictly positive measure, we characterize inner semicontinuous solid convex-valued mappings for which continuous functions which are selections almost everywhere are selections. This class contains continuous mappings as well as fully lower semicontinuous closed-valued mappings that arise in variational analysis and optimization of integral functionals. The characterization allows for extending existing results on convex conjugates of integral functionals on continuous functions. We also give an application to integral functionals on left continuous functions of bounded variation. In the third article we study duality in problems of Bolza over functions of bounded variation. We parameterize the problem by a general Borel measure which has direct economic interpretation in problems of financial economics. Using our results on conjugates of integral functionals, we derive a dual representation for the optimal value function in terms of continuous dual arcs and we give conditions for the existence of solutions. Combined with wellknown results on problems of Bolza over absolutely continuous arcs, we obtain optimality conditions in terms of extended Hamiltonian conditions.


Disclosed discloses a method for producing polycrystalline silicon layer. A method for manufacturing a polycrystalline silicon layer according to an embodiment of the present invention (22), after the contact amorphous silicon layer (20) metal contamination layer (30), the amorphous silicon layer characterized in that the (20) to produce a crystallization heat treatment to the polycrystalline silicon layer (22). According to the present invention can also while introducing small amounts of the metal catalyst, to provide a method of manufacturing the crystallization temperature of the polycrystalline silicon layer can be lowered. .The


The load flow study in a power system constitutes a study of paramount importance. The study reveals th e electrical performance and power flows (real and reactive) for specified condition when the system is operating under steady state. This paper gives an overview of different techniques used for load flow study under different specified conditions. Keywords—Load Flow Studies, Y-matrix and Z-matrix iteration, Newton-Raphson method, Fast Decoupled method, Fuzzy logic, Artificial Neural Network.


The first specimens of the Asian prawn Palaemon macrodactylus Rathbun, 1902, including ovigerous females, were identified in estuarine water bodies along the Romanian coast during early September 2009, in large numbers compared to the native prawns Palaemon elegans Rathke, 1837 and Palaemon adspersus Rathke, 1837. Examination of archived samples backdated the first occurrence of P. macrodactylus in the Black Sea to 2002. The supposed vector of introduction is via ballast water, from ships travelling from Rotterdam. Native to the seas of Japan and Korea, P. macrodactylus was first introduced in California in the 1950s, Australia in the 1970s and later to Britain, parts of continental Europe and Argentina. The Asian prawn already has wellestablished populations in the Romanian Black Sea and, taking into consideration the invasion record and the ecology of this species, it is very likely that it will successfully invade the whole of the Black and Azov Seas and the adjacent estuaries, deltas and limans.


A computer system, comprising: a) can perform a main CPU (401, 901) which (301, 304, 501 within a main CPU / OS based operational state, 504) is turned on, and based on a main operating system (OS) software and within a non main CPU / OS based operational state (305, 505) is turned off, so that it can not execute the main OS based on software; b) a memory I / O control unit (403, 903), coupled to the main CPU, wherein the memory I / O control unit is active when the computer system is in the main CPU / OS based operational state , and disabled while the computer system is operating within the non main CPU / OS based operational state; c) a system memory (404, 904) coupled with the storage I / O controller, wherein the system memory is active when the computer system OS based operational state is in the main CPU / and deactivated during the computer system is within the non main CPU / OS based operational state operates; d) a controller (917) which (within the non main CPU / OS based operational state 305 performs) function tasks, wherein the computer system less energy during the non main CPU / OS based state than during the main CPU / OS-state consumed; ...


This paper analyses the pricing of corporate callable convertible bonds. It reconciles the applicability of the reduced form approach with optimal strategies usually discussed in the structural approach. One demonstrates that some conditions causing rational voluntary conversions may be effectively neglected. The main contribution of the paper is to show that adjusted American Capped Call options well duplicate 'classical' optimal strategies. Numerical experiments are then conducted.


The Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology (CEDIM) is an interdisciplinary research institution in the field of disaster management. This report provides an overview of the research work and activities of CEDIM during 2015 and 2016 at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT).


In the proposed gas-liquid equilibrium thruster, fuel is mainly stored in the liquid phase in the tank and is ejected in the gas phase, powered by the vapor pressure of the fuel. As compared to conventional thrusters, the thrust level of this thruster is low. However, the system configuration of this thruster is simple because components such as combustors or high-pressure reservoirs are not required. Further, this thruster is lighter than other thrusters. Fuels with low toxicity and that are easily available can be selected in this thruster from many kinds of fuel candidates. As a result, this thruster can be easily handled. This thruster can be used as an actuator for controlling the attitude and maneuvering the orbit of small satellites.


Recent research has identified a variety of significant predictors of academic dishonesty, but virtually no studies have examined the conditional relation of binge drinking and students' cheating. Using a survey sample of 289 college students, this study tested the mediating relations of binge drinking with the correlation of independent variables—including opportunity, strain, and self-control—on self-reported academic dishonesty. Low self-control had a stronger correlation with students' cheating behaviors for those who were heavy binge drinkers (β ! –.52) than for students who were nonbingers (β = –.38). Differential relations were found for other key variables, namely, opportunity and strain, at varying severities of binge drinking.


The basic assumptions adopted in calculating the critical inhomogeneity coefficient of an electic field are based on an analysis of the generalized pattern of discharge formation in long air gaps under the action of commutational voltage pulses of positive polarity, with the critical front length τ fcr at which the minimum electrical strength of the insulation is observed.


In the western part of the Sidi Bettache basin, some trachyandesites appear in various deposits within the Famennian-Tournaisian series. They have been dated as middle Triassic using the K-Ar conventional method. This middle triassic volcanism, distinguished for the first time in the northern Meseta, is to be compared with the Triassic age volcanism recognized in eastern Morocco (Boudoufoud massif)


This paper presents the architecture of a special-purpose computer for logic simulation using distributed processing. The architecture is based on the utilization of inexpensive microprocessors interconnected by a communication structure. The communication structure is cross-point based for simple evaluations and time-shared parallel bus based for functional evaluations. Analysis is carried out to show that the performance of the proposed simulator is better by over two orders of magnitude than traditional logic simulation carried out on a general-purpose computer. Also, the power of the simulator is proportional to the number of slave processors over a certain range.