Objective
To detect the amplification proportion of the Her-2 gene, explore the association of the Her-2 gene amplification with the clinical and pathological meaning and the prognosis in gastric cancer.

Methods
Sixty-two cases of gastric cancer were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH), analyzed the correlation of the Her-2 gene amplification and clinicopathologic parameters and the prognosis in gastric cancer.

Results
The amplification of Her-2 gene existed in 10 cases (16.1%) while 52 cases had no Her-2 gene amplification (83.9%). Her-2 gene amplification was associated with histologic T grade, regional lymph node and stage, and distant metastasis (P 5 μg/L. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, the survival time was shorter in the patients with positive Her-2 amplification than in those with negative Her-2 amplification.

Conclusion
The amplification of Her-2 gene is significantly related with the clinical and pathological characters and overall 5-year survival rate in gastric cancer.

Key words:
Gastric cancer; Her-2 gene; Amplification; Clinicopathological character; Prognosis


Traditional computer tomography requires scanning the object to obtain a lot of projections. Then the image reconstruction is realized on the base of some mathematical model that corresponds to the concrete physical field producing this tomography. For example, in the X-rays tomography the inversion of the Radon transform is used. It seems necessary for difficult structures and can be realized in sufficiently fast manner. We consider in this paper the situation, when the investigating object has the "Discrete Structure", so its reconstruction consists only in localization of some point-wise elements with different characteristic inside of the homogeneous (or quasi homogeneous) substance in the considered region. We propose for this case the Rotating Projection algorithm with a little number of scanning angles. This algorithm do not requires application of some inverse transforms. It simplifies the image reconstruction. Proposed approach is faster in its computer realization, gives possibility to reduce the time of the radiation treatment. The good properties of the developed algorithm are demonstrated on simulated numerical examples.


A novel two-step electromagnetic imaging method, suitable for the analysis of hidden inclusions in dielectric structures, is reported in this paper. In particular, two distinct steps compose the present technique. The first one extracts from the raw data an estimation of the scattered field due to the inclusions, and provides a first qualitative reconstruction of the structure under test. This information is then exploited by the second step, in which a quantitative inexact-Newton inversion approach retrieves a map of the dielectric characteristics of the examined region. Experimental data obtained with a tomograph prototype are used to validate the proposed inversion scheme.


The article studies main theoretical and practical aspects of the shadow economy functioning in the national and international environment. Levels of economic processes shadowing in European Union countries were grounded. A shadow sector volume in developed countries of the world was studied, and the international practice of economy de-shadowing was systematized. In the process of the study the essential attention was paid to fiscal instruments of shadow schemes prevention. Tax strategies of a fight against factors and motives that generate and intensify the shadow economy level in Ukraine were generalized on this base. It was proved, that there is practically no distinct panacea for the Ukrainian economy in the context of its de-shadowing. But the state is completely able to diminish shadow schemes diffusion in the economy using tax mechanisms. According to the results of the study the offers as to the shadow economy prevention in Ukraine were formulated on the base of the international experience and tax instruments.


Data presentation is important phase in analysis. So data is collected and represented in the form of vertical or horizontal dataset. To prepare a dataset which is horizontally aggregated from various databases three major techniques were used such as SPJ, PIVOT and CASE, which make pre-processing easier through query tool. In this paper with horizontal aggregation, the analysis process is combined and pre-processed using apriori algorithm.


Bottom trawling is a diversified fishing method which uses numerous types of gear designs, sizes, rigging and operational methods. Therefore, impact on the bottom habitat will differ among the various bottom trawl fisheries and also to a large extent depend on the bottom conditions in the area fished. This document describes the basic principles that can be used to reduce the impact of trawling, some of which are already developed as practical solutions and implemented in commercial fisheries. Overall, however, there are presently few examples of low bottom-impact trawl gears in use in commercial fisheries. These basic mitigation measures aim at reducing pressure on the bottom of various trawl components and minimizing the impacted area while trawling.


God wants us to stay on His path. Satan tries to lure us off that path. Do you have what it takes to stay on it?


This presentation focuses on what we know now about the effectiveness of different methods of smoking cessation that have been used for pregnant smokers. Windsor et al published a meta-evaluation of the completed evaluation studies for pregnant smokers.1 This methodological review examined 31 quasi-experimental and experimental studies. It was designed to derive insight about the validity of the different studies, but more importantly, the variety of different patient education methods evaluated. This insight, combined with the Agency for Healthcare Policy and Research Guideline,2 was used to develop …


Trace rare-gas–optical emission spectroscopy is carried out to characterize the nitrogen plasma as a function of discharge parameters. The functional dependence of N2(CΠu3) and N2+(BΣu+2) excited states is monitored by measuring the emission intensities of the bandheads of second positive and first negative systems. The excited-state population density of N atoms and N2 molecules, extracted from their optical emission, is related to the ground-state population density after normalizing the changes for excitation cross section and electron energy distribution function by optical actinometry. The electron temperature is determined from the plasma-induced optical emission of trace rare gas by the line-to-line method. The obtained data may help us to adjust the optimum discharge conditions for the production of active species, which are considered to be important for the desired treatment of the samples.


Since its opening in the winter of 1991, Spivey Hall on the campus of Clayton College and State University in Morrow, Georgia has gained a fine reputation among both performing artists and concert goers. That reputation acquired a new dimension with the dedication, in the spring of 1992, of the Albert Schweitzer Memorial Organ, which from the very beginning had been the raison d'etre for the hall's design. This paper provides an overview of the acoustical design process, presents the hall in words and pictures, examines the numerical results (RT, EDT, TS, C80, G, LEF, IACC), draws comparisons with other similar halls, and concludes with a brief excerpt from a recording made on the Spivey Hall organ.


This report is a conceptual illustration of building construction with digital fabrication machinery. It demonstrates the purpose and potential of digital fabrication with structures fabricated of plywood. A method is prescribed and demonstrated to build a small structure in the form of a shotgun house for New Orleans, the structure and its application is evidence of the new possibilities. Most important is this report outlines a theory that all buildings can be produced with digitally fabrication as highly precise products ready for new application and diverse styles. 1. Personalized design localized fabrication Home design and construction of high quality, low energy and low cost could be coming soon to a neighborhood near you. These homes will be built anew, replace older energy consuming houses or replace houses destroyed by natural disaster. These houses will be manufactured from data generated with CAD (Computer Aided Design) software then manufactured by computer controlled machinery. Digital fabrication is computers and CNC (computer numerically controlled) machinery from data generated in CAD software, the results are physical products of all sizes from small models to buildings. Although digital fabrication is an emerging area in the field of architecture it has yet to have an effect on the physical production of buildings outside the circles of the boutique architects. Potential applications for digital fabrication is vast it is compact manufacturing ready for today's energy needs. Possible is physical production of new forms of localized manufacturing with small fast machinery as a reaction to the century old concept of prefabricated construction. In contrast to digital fabrication, prefabricated housing means large factories, energy consuming ground transportation of panels and boxes and gas guzzling cranes. For a century they have been responsible for a variety of ways to produce large wood boxes from expensive startups. For the creative class digital fabrication supports the concept of mass production and customized craft also defined as mass customization 1 . It will make possible a variety of designs shapes and details within reach of low end home buyers. Digital fabrication also opens the possibility for manufacturing of building products by trades within local and national reach. High tech, energy efficient products can be made offsite as custom objects with an assured fit with locally fabricated homes. With this technology will come methods to produce building chunks delivered to the site for assembly of a building complete with mechanical, electrical and solar systems 2 . Of greatest need is community manufacturing, this is possible and with low cost, localize digital fabrication shops. These shops can be a product of Main Street or in mobile form to be shared by many communities (Figure 1).


The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility, acceptability and the potential clinical utility of a novel mindfulness and compassion program (MAC‐P) designed for youth with a range of psychotic experiences.


It has been suggested that social behavior is strongly determined by the perception of facial aesthetics. Among the facial features, dental appearance constitutes a significant factor in social interactions; malocclusions not only reduce facial attractiveness but also pose a greater risk of psychological disadvantages and adverse social reactions that may affect the overall wellbeing of patients. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different malocclusions in the perception of laypeople regarding intelligence, attractiveness, and interpersonal skills, by assessing photographs of a male subject and a female subject who presented: anterior open bite, deep bite, underbite (anterior crossbite), excessive overjet, crowding, and spacing. Survey data was collected from 500 USFQ students, in which observers assessed the mentioned traits by observing photographs that had been digitally manipulated to exhibit normal occlusion and each of the six mentioned malocclusions, using a 5-point Likert scale. The ratings of intelligence, physical attractiveness and interpersonal skills differed significantly depending on the occlusion status depicted (P < .000). Both subjects with normal occlusion received higher ratings for all three characteristics, while subjects with anterior crossbite received the lowest ratings. No statistically significant differences between the perception of male and female observers were found. Male model received lower grades in the three traits evaluated for each malocclusion. Subjects with normal occlusion were rated the most positively while anterior crossbite has the greatest negative impact on these features.


This study aims to the comparative and empirical analysis of urban decline decision for New Town project. In order to achieve the aims of this study, urban decline index and social impact assessment(SIA) elements were analysed. Those were reclassified into 4 sections - population·society·community, economy·industry, residential environment and residents' response according to the project. For the empirical analysis, the method of residents' interview and survey was performed in order to verify the statistics result. This study focused on Changshin-dong area, the mixed area-residence and sewing industry- and the naturally aged society with livable community activities. Redevelopment project for existing urban area such as New Town should be considered residents' opinions and regional characteristics. In particular, the qualitative access which maintains and intensifies the competitiveness of local industry and residential environment is more critical rather than the quantitative access for the decision of the redevelopment project in Changshin-dong.


The rate-sensitive crushing strength for Nova Scotia coal, observed from split Hopkinson bar compression experiments, has been studied for the strain rate range 2s −1 ≤e≤2×10 3 s −1 . The rate-dependent crushing strength of coal is analyzed using concepts of linear fracture mechanics as applied to microstructural fracture initiation. It is concluded that mean pressure and microcracking inertia are the most important factors explaining the highly strain-rate dependent fracture stress observed around e∼10 3 s −1


High carbon steel cutting die with a casting powder, as its chemical composition by weight: CaO: 28.0 ~ 29.0%, MgO: 2 ~ 5%, SiO2: 31.0 ~ 33.0%, Al2O3: 4 ~ 5%, Na2O: 8.0 ~ 9.0%, F: 9 ~ 10%, LiO2: 1.5 ~ 2.5%, elemental carbon Fc 2.0 ~ 2.8%, the balance of IL ash; R basicity of the flux is: 0.80 to 0.95%. The present invention is set by adjustment of parts of a powder characteristics affect the production tool die steel, in particular by adjusting the flux, F, and the content of elemental carbon LiO2, lower the melting point of the powder, so that melt in a continuous casting process the casting speed inflow speed and stable dynamic balance, improve the powder flowability and the rate of crystallization in the casting mold tool steel to reduce the speed of melting the protective slag, to achieve the stability of continuous casting steel die cutter to ensure crystallizer slab initial shell lubrication, prevent adhesion or cause slag breaking reasons breakout accident, to achieve stable production of high-carbon steel cutting die along the line.


The gene targeting approach to study gene function in mice has been recently refined using the bacteriophage P1 Cre-loxP recombination system. Cre recombinase catalyses site-specific DNA recombination between 34 bp recognition (loxP) sites (1,2). If two loxP sites are introduced in the same orientation into a genomic locus, expression of Cre results in the deletion of the loxP-flanked DNA sequence. Cre-mediated recombination can be applied to various types of gene manipulation in embryonic stem (ES) cells including the removal of a selectable marker gene accompanied by the introduction of subtle mutations (3), gene replacement (4) and the deletion of large genomic regions to inactivate genes or gene clusters (5). However, Cre-mediated gene manipulation requires transient transfection of the mutant, loxP-containing ES cells with a vector encoding Cre recombinase and an additional round of selection to screen for ES cell clones carrying the desired deletion. This additional manipulation of the cells in culture is unpleasing since it might affect the capacity of ES cells to contribute to the generation of germ cells in chimeric mice, which is a serious problem in gene targeting technology. The Cre-loxP recombination system has also been used to manipulate genes in a cell type-specific (6-8) or inducible (9) manner. If two loxP sites are introduced into the genome such that they are flanking an essential part of a target gene without affecting


Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a macular, papular, and/or nodular skin rash that can appear as a sequel of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania donovani. In Bangladesh, it occurs in around 10% of VL patients, leading to high prevalences of 6/10,000–21/10,000 population in endemic regions [1], [2]. Over 95% of lesions are macular and cause no or little physical discomfort to patients. However, Leishmania parasites can been found in PKDL lesions, and there is (sparse) evidence that they are infective to sandflies [3], [4], [5]. It is generally assumed that PKDL patients form an infectious reservoir and should be treated in order to achieve disease control. There are no evidence-based treatments for PKDL. Therefore, treatment can be considered experimental, and treatment choices are "best guesses" based on good results in small clinical studies and clinical experience in the field.

Medecins Sans Frontieres provides treatment for VL and PKDL in Fulbaria, a highly endemic subdistrict of Mymensingh in Bangladesh. Active case finding is undertaken, and free-of-charge short-course treatment with liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB) (AmBisome, Gilead, United States) is provided for both VL and PKDL. L-AMB was designated by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the safest and most effective treatment for VL in the Indian subcontinent [6]. The optimal treatment for PKDL has not been established by clinical trials. Based on the safety and efficacy of L-AMB given in high total cumulative doses (50–90 mg/kg) for treatment of PKDL in small patient cohorts in East Africa [7], [8], a regimen was chosen with a total cumulative dose of 30 mg/kg, divided into six doses of 5 mg/kg L-AMB, given over a period of 3 weeks on an ambulatory basis. This dose and frequency were chosen to minimise the impact on patients' daily lives. L-AMB is known to be a safe treatment for VL in similar doses [9]. It was expected that L-AMB in this dose regimen would cause minimal adverse effects in otherwise healthy PKDL patients.

PKDL was diagnosed by clinical evaluation of lesions. More than 1,300 PKDL patients have been treated to date. Unexpectedly, we encountered hypokalaemia-induced rhabdomyolysis during or following treatment. Here, we present six confirmed cases and one presumed case of this rare adverse event that occurred in the period from October to December of 2011. After three cases of confirmed rhabdomyolysis, further enrolment of PKDL patients was stopped. Patients still under treatment were closely monitored for the occurrence of hypokalaemia.

Presentation of Cases

Case 1
An 18-year-old female returned to the clinic 2 days after her fifth dose of L-AMB, unable to walk, sit up unaided, or even hold her head up due to severe muscle pain and weakness, predominantly in the proximal muscles. We were unable to perform biochemical assays. The patient improved gradually, and her symptoms resolved completely.


Abstract Recent studies in N.W. England have indicated the need for a review of Wenlock and Ludlow (Silurian) stratigraphy. Detailed re-mapping, mainly for the first time since 1872, has modified and more clearly defined the established terminology. Determinations of new graptolite and shelly faunas have resulted in a revision of some earlier work and the establishment of a modern zonal classification for parts of the Wenlock and Ludlow. Lithofacies are broadly summarized and described with comments on some palaeocurrent data.


Fabrication of optical waveguides by a simple patterning process using photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) is described. Light waveguide based on PSPI was fabricated by photolithographic processing without use of dry etching process. The PSPI varnish is comprised of polyamic acid (PAA) which was made from fluorinated diamine and fluorinated tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and photosensitizer. The PSPI has the following characteristics: glass transition temperature (Tg) of 330 °C, coefficient of thermal expansion of 40 ppm/K. Moreover the PSPI is colorless, and posses low absorption at 1 .3 and 1 .55im. The sidewalls and the surfaces ofthe fabricated waveguide are very smooth, which is essential for the low loss optical mode propagation and lower scattering of the mode due to the imperfections. Single and multimode buried ridge waveguides on quartz glass substrate were fabricated and tested. Optical propagation losses were measured by standard cut back method and found to be as low as 0.4 dB/cm @ 1.55 jim. This fabrication process would be expected to contribute to low cost production for high performance opto-electronic devices.


We review the existing literature about the effects of the Medicaid program. We first describe the program's structure and how it has changed over time. We then discuss findings on coverage, crowd out, take-up and health. Finally, we look at effects of the program on non-health outcomes such as welfare use and labor supply, marriage and fertility, and savings.


This article studies labor informality in Chile, under the hypothesis that this type of activities is heterogeneous, in the sense that they have precarious activities, as an obligatory option, and to those who are opting for an informal work due to benefit-cost considerations. A formula for measuring labor informality is designed and a method of instrumental variables is used, applied to a selection and treatment model with the presence of essential heterogeneity, where the concept of treatment is assimilated to that of choosing a formal job.
                As a result, indications are obtained that people are responding to treatment, based on idiosyncratic gains or rewards, and are revealing a behavioral variation that leads them to choose the mode of work. However, when tested on people in the first socioeconomic quintile, a less conclusive result is obtained and there would be weaker evidence about the presence of barriers to access to formal jobs.
Key words: Chile, informal work, treatment effect, essential heterogeneity.
JEL Classification : C31, E26, O17
https://doi.org/10.21114/rel.2018.02.03


GSH EXTRUSION IN APOPTOSIS Damaged cells opting for apoptosis actively extrude glutathione in the reduced form as an apical event in the apoptotic signaling (Ghibelli et al., 1995; Van den Dobbelsteen et al., 1996). Apoptotic GSH efflux is very rapid and, as a consequence, cells undergo redox imbalance and become susceptible to oxidative stress due to loss of ROS scavenging power (D'Alessio et al., 2003); moreover, the sudden redox disequilibrium causes the formation of inter-protein disulfides among reactive exposed cysteines, altering cell functions and signaling in a pro-apoptotic fashion (Circu and Aw, 2012).


The Cerro Negro Formation is a non-marine succession that outcrops in Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island) and Williams Point (Snow Island). Both islands belong to the South Shetland Islands Archipelago, Antarctica. 40Ar/39Ar age of the Cerro Negro Formation was estimated at 120.3 ±2.2 Ma, 119.4±0.6 Ma and 119.1±0.8 Ma (Aptian) (Hathway, 1997; Hathway et al., 1999). A highly diverse palaeoflora, containing mosses, liverworts, hepatophytes, horsetails, ferns, corystosperms, Caytoniales, bennettites, cycads, and conifers was recorded by several authors from the unit (Hernández and Azcárate, 1971; Torres et al., 1997; Césari et al., 1998, 1999, 2001; Cantrill, 2000; Falcon-Lang and Cantrill, 2001; Césari 2006; Parica et al., 2007; Vera, 2007, 2009; among others). Fossil bryophytes are scarce in the fossil record, probably because of their small size and delicate structure. The


In recent years,food safety accidents emerge one after another;many scholars thought that unsmooth regulation system and imperfect regulation law in Chinese food market is the main reason of food safety accidents.Indeed,these are indisputable facts.However,the low cost which producers have to bear leads to lack of trustworthiness generally in food industry,which is a not-to-be-ignored factor that caused unsafe food.Therefore,to ensure food quality safety,measures are needed to innovate regulatory tools and improve regulatory technology,and let unsafe food producers directly bear unsafe food costs,which prompts the producers to pay more efforts in food safety.


Future trends for the development of new remote sensing imagers have being defined since the launch of the first Fourier Transform HyperSpectral Imager (FTHSI) on board of DoD technological satellite MightySat II.1. Starting from the analysis of FTHSI optical configuration we have proposed an interesting modification which produces an image of the observed surface superimposed to a stationary interference pattern. This new optical arrangement together with the possibility to accommodate the spectral resolution by changing the device optical aperture and the sensor sampling step make the new instrument interesting for Earth remote sensing purposes. In this paper we present some preliminary results obtained from a laboratory prototype developed at our Institute. Some hints are discussed about the use of such an instrument on board of airborne and satellite platforms.


VSN's (Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd.) international telecommunication services are described. The following services are offered: (1) telephone, (2) telex, (3) telegraph, (4) private leased services, (5) television, (6) press communications, and (7) packet data. These services are operated over the following transmission systems: geostationary (synchronous) satellites operated by Intelsat; wideband submarine telephone cables; line of sight microwave; co-axial and digital optical fibers; and HF radio. In addition to these transmission systems, international gateway switching systems are used for switching of telephone/telex lines and messages and data. These include the following: (i) analog stored program controlled (SPC) telephone switches; (ii) SPC telex switches; (iii) SPC message switches; (iv) gateway packet switches; and (v) digital telephone switches.<<ETX>>


This article presents an overview of Greek ethnography. It argues that ethnography in Greece cannot be seen as separate from its preceding fields of history and folklore studies, alongside Greece itself being viewed as a research field by foreign anthropologists. Because of the late introduction of anthropology in Greece it followed very quickly the main theoretical stream of postmodernism in its view of Greek society. The main argument of this article is that the introduction of postmodernism in Greek Anthropology prevented a dialogue with the pre-existing field research work that had been conducted in Greece by non Greek Ethnographers and Greek Folklorists or Historians. This fact has specific consequences at the epistemological, theoretical and methodological level of contemporary Greek Ethnography.


Periodical evaluation to prevent physical disabilities is important on follow-up of leprosy patients. This study aimed at comparing the development of the patients' disabilities examined in two services with different frequencies of evaluation between them. This retrospective cross-historical study observed 30 and 98 patients examined in José Bonifácio, SP and São José do Rio Preto, SP, respectively. At least an initial and final evaluation of the treatment was performed during period of January 1994 to December 1999. To evaluate the development of the disabilities, six indexes were elaborated to compare the initial and final evaluations. In the first evaluation some kind of disability was present in all multibacillary cases, and 86.7% of paucibacillary in José Bonifácio; 75% of multibacillary and 59% of paucibacillary in São José do Rio Preto. The indexes of nose as well as the strength of upper/inferior limbs, showed that these disabilities were less frequent, improved or presented no alteration during the treatment in both cities. In São José do Rio Preto, the evolution of disabilities was more satisfactory than in José Bonifácio, according to the general index, eye index and sensitivity of the upper limbs. Regular and adequate evaluation during investigation or monitoring of neural functions can guide professionals to perform actions that can avoid the evolution of impairment caused by the development of neural disorders, mainly in the eyes; the sensitivity of the upper limbs as well as in the general index.


Turbulence characteristics of a supersonic turbulent boundary layer with multiple shock wave (λ-type pseudo-shock wave) in a square duct were investigated using a two-component LDV. The free-stream Mach number, flow confinement and Reynolds number upstream of the first-shock wave were of M∞=1.78, δ∞/h=0.3 and Re=13×106 m-1, respectively. It was found that the distributions of the turbulence intesity and Reynolds stress in the boundary-layer with multiple shock wave were different from those of the shock wave-free case. The turbulence intensity increased with decreasing streamwise velocity due to each shock wave in the pseudo-shock wave. Furthermore, the effects of shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction on the turbulence characteristics of compressible turbulent boundary layer were clarified quantitatively.


In this paper,we investigate by the frequency method the internal model principlefor the multivariable systems in which the number of regulated output variables isnot more than that of control inputs.The structurally stable properties withoutsteady-state errors are analysed.Theorems 1—3 constitute the frequency form of theinternal model principle of the time-invariant linear multivariable systems.Thenecessary and sufficient conditions for the existance of the sturcturally stable com-pensator without steady-state errors is given asRank(?)=l+m,(?)D_0 ∈N(α_1(D)),where α_1(D) is the largest invarant factor of N(D).The proof of the theorem 4 isstructural and a design method of the structurally stable compensator without steady-state errors is provieded at the same time.


Orbital angular momentum (OAM) is an emerging technology in microwave wireless communication. However, because of high divergence angle of OAM beam in free space, the communication distance is limited and becomes very short. One solution for long distance OAM communication with a compact system is a multi-beam-based high power traveling wave tube (TWT). The multi-beam based TWT can be used to multiplex OAM modes with compensation of OAM path loss in free space. In this paper, for a first step of OAM communication, a dual beam TWT amplifier is designed in E-band. The CST simulation results show that the dual beam based TWT circuit with a bandwidth of 82–86 GHz yielding the output power of over 40 W. The target operating voltage is 11 kV, and the maximum efficiency is calculated as 7.66 % at 85 GHz by CST simulation.


tremendously in hearing his own voice. This would apply both to technic in the matters of intonation, resonances, color, etc., and to interpretation in the matter of style, phrasing, good taste, etc. Even in class work individuals may be asked to do certain things and the rest of the class may listen. I think these are the important points in class instruction. From a very wide experience, I am convinced that class instruction is not only necessary for the saving of time and expense in school work, but is also one of the most valuable means of approach to the confused subject of method, or vocal production, which we have.


The utility model relates to a quick-charge electric bus. The upper part of the vehicle roof is provided with a contact charging mechanism, and the utility model uses a vehicle pulse current charge device as a charger, and uses an accumulator characterized in heavy current discharge property and fast charge property. The contact charging mechanism can adopt either two parallel-bar type charging mechanisms, or 'T' shaped charging mechanism. A bus station to charge the electric bus quickly comprises a plurality of charging device units; the charging device units adopt the contact charging device adapted to the contact charging mechanism of the electric bus. The contact charging device can be a single-arm beam charging device matched the parallel-bar type charging mechanisms of the electric bus in use, or can be a trolley type charging device matched the 'T' shaped charging mechanism of the electric bus in use. The utility model can charge the bus in a short time, so that the bus can run through general route, and needs no charge on the way.


Amphilanthus' is far too protracted and convoluted to unpack here" (49), may wonder, "if not here, where?" And while an early footnote thanks Anne Lake Prescott for calling to the editors' attention a parallel between Wroth and her Continental counterparts (such as Louise Labé in France and Gaspara Stampa or Veronica Franco in Italy), this is nowhere followed up, which is a pity, as it would have provided illuminating context. These minor criticisms, though, in no way detract from the enormous, and enormously significant, achievement of this edition. It once and for all affords Mary Wroth her deserved place as a major writer (and not just a major woman writer) in the line—at the end of the line—of English Renaissance sonnet sequences, with sonnets, and perhaps even more, some of the songs, that linger in the memory with the authority of true quality. It is an achievement for which we should all be grateful.


The occurrence of bilateral patchy retino-choroidal atrophy in relation to the retinal venous system has been described as "retino-choroiditis radiata" (Brown, I937; Hsin-Hsiang, I948), "chorio-retinitis striata" (Kraffel, I955), and "pigmented paravenous choroidal atrophy" (Weve, I957)


Although primary involvement of the ocular muscles was recognized as a distinct entity many years ago by Gowers, 1 other observers have followed Moebius' 2 claim that the resulting weakness was due to nuclear degeneration. In 1951, however, Kiloh and Niven 3 extensively reviewed the pertinent literature, presented five cases, and concluded that these entities were similar in their pathology, namely, primary disease of the ocular muscles. These observations have since been confirmed by biopsy of involved muscle 4,5 and from autopsy material. 6,7 The term ocular myopathy is now, therefore, in general usage for such cases. In this study, the clinical, and in particular the electromyographic, findings are presented in six patients with the diagnosis of ocular myopathy. I. Clinical Findings Report of Cases Case 1. —Ten years ago, this 54-year-old patient first noticed drooping of the right lid and double vision. Examination revealed complete right ptosis, without compensatory


Based on geometric analysis, the iterative learning control is discussed. Under the geometric structure, a fast algorithm is obtained. The algorithm is absolutely different from the previous algorithms and constitutes a new approach to the iterative learning control. This new approach can indicate one to design some better learning algorithms clearly, while the previous studies are restricted to its essential form of algorithms presented by Arimoto( 1984). Some numerical simulations are given to show its efficiency and superiority.


Given an unsupervised outlier detection (OD) algorithm, how can we optimize its hyperparameter(s) (HP) on a new dataset, without any labels ? In this work, we address this challenging hyperparameter optimization for unsupervised OD problem, and propose the first systematic approach called HPOD that is based on meta-learning. HPOD capitalizes on the prior performance of a large collection of HPs on existing OD benchmark datasets, and transfers this information to enable HP evaluation on a new dataset without labels. Also, HPOD adapts a prominent sampling paradigm to identify promising HPs efficiently. Extensive experiments show that HPOD works for both deep (e.g., Robust AutoEncoder) and shallow (e.g., Local Outlier Factor (LOF) and Isolation Forest (iForest)) OD algorithms on discrete and continuous HP spaces, and outperforms a wide range of baselines with on average 58% and 66% performance improvement over the default HPs of LOF and iForest.


A glance at recent historical publications teaches us that the study of sexuality and sexual behaviour is becoming a respectable subject in cultural history. An important example is Peter Gay's study From Victoria to Freud. Starting from a dusty collection of letters and diaries, he takes us on a tour through the landscape of late nineteenth-century sexuality in all its fascinating details. The fact that Gay uses Freud as his Baedeker on this itinerary more or less obscures the possible relation between sexual moral and political concepts. Fortunately, however, this aspect of ideas on sexuality has been explored in Mosse's Nationalism and Sexuality. Mosse convincingly relates the obsession with respectability to the efforts to strengthen the state and the nation by nationalism.' He focuses on the ideas of late nineteenthcentury and twentieth-century conservatives, proto-nazis and nazis in Germany. Consequently, left-wing ideas and especially left-wing opinions on sexuality during the Weimar period remained outside the scope of his study. Despite the abundance of studies on the Weimar Republic, this theme is still by and large a white spot on the map. This article will try to remedy this omission in part by describing the opinions of those left-wing intellectuals who were advocates of the new sexuality that arose in Germany in the wake of the first world war. The attitudes toward sexuality, aside from their intrinsic interest, shed considerable light on the modernizing and democratic potential of these left-wing intellectuals. The right-wing neo-konservative intellectuals, being the intellectual predecessors of nazi ideology, have received the most attention from historians, but this should not obscure the vital democratic traditions which were an integral part of Weimar's political life. Besides neglect of important sources such as the Weltbiihne, the main reason for this omission is that the significance of ideas on


Supported vanadium oxide catalysts are prepared by adsorption and calcination of vanadium acetylacetonate complexes on the surfaces of silica and alumina. The interaction of the complex with the support is studied by FTIR, XRD, TGA and chemical analysis. The synthesis parameters are optimized in order to obtain a well dispersed layer on the surface. After calcination, the acetylacetonate complexes decompose and form a surface layer of VOx species. These surfaces have been studied with 51V NMR, UV–VIS diffuse reflectance and XRD spectroscopies. The method of acetylacetonate adsorption on silica enables the creation of supported VOx catalysts with a V loading of 0.5 mmol g–1(2.5 wt.% V), with all species in a strictly tetrahedral configuration and no formation of microcrystallites. On the alumina surface, vanadium loadings that are 5 times higher can be achieved without induced crystallinity.


The invention discloses LED-UV-cured ink-jet ink for flexible substrate printing. The ink comprises components in percentage by weight as follows: 1-8% of a nanoscale pigment, 0.2-1% of a wetting agent, 3-15% of a photoinitiator, 5-15% of a prepolymer and the balance of an active monomer, wherein D90 of the nanoscale pigment is smaller than 200 nm. The components in percentage by weight are evenly mixed at the normal temperature and then filtered by the aid of a 0.22-micrometerfilter membrane, and then the LED-UV-cured ink-jet ink can be prepared. The LED-UV-cured ink-jet ink is large in adhesive force, low in viscosity, high in curing speed, good in flexibility and capable of being widely applied to micro-piezoelectric-nozzle printers such as EPSON and the like, and high-precision printing on flexible substrates such as leather, plastic films and the like is realized.


Actinic Kertoses (AK) are common pre-cancerous lesions associated with sun-damaged skin. While generally benign, the condition can progress to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and is a particular concern for immunosuppressed patients who are susceptible to uncontrolled AK and SCC. Among the FDA-approved treatment options for AK, ALA-based photodynamic therapy is unique in that it is non-scarring and can be repeated on the same area. However, response rates vary widely due to variations in drug and light delivery, PpIX production, and tissue oxygenation. Thus, developing modalities to predict response is critical to enable patient-specific treatment-enhancing interventions. To that end, we have developed a wide-field spectrally-resolved fluorescence imaging system capable of red and blue light excitation. While blue light excites PpIX efficiently, poor photon penetration limits the image content to superficial layers of skin. Red light excitation, on the other hand, can reveal fluorescence information originating from deeper in tissue, which may provide relevant information about PpIX distribution. Our instrument illuminates the skin via a fiber-based ring illuminator, into which is coupled sequentially a white light source, and blue and red laser diodes. Light emitted from the tissue passes through a high-speed filter wheel with filters selected to resolve the PpIX emission spectrum. This configuration enables the use of spectral fitting to decouple PpIX fluorescence from background signal, improving sensitivity to low concentrations of PpIX. Images of tissue-simulating phantoms and animal models confirm a linear response to PpIX, and the ability to image sub-surface PpIX inaccessible with blue light using red excitation.


THE CALIFORNIA Journal of Politics & Policy Volume 1, Issue 1 What Do Debt Loads Say about California's Fiscal Condition? John Decker California Debt and Investment Advisory Commission Abstract For the past seven years, the state spent more from the General Fund than its tax structure generated. To help cover the difference, the state borrowed from institu- tional investors. Should Californians be concerned? More broadly, how does debt fit into the annual budget debate? Evaluation of debt loads help Californians assess the fiscal prudence and sustainability of the state's fiscal structures. KEYWORDS: debt, budget deficits, California fiscal condition Acknowledgements: I am thankful to Jerry Lubenow for his continuing interest in this topic and his careful editing. Thanks, too, to my colleagues at the State Treasur- er's Office for their review, Steve Coony, Paul Rosenstiel, and Tom Dresslar. www.bepress.com/cjpp


Cycas beddomei Dyer is one of the medicinally important plants belonging to the family Cycadaceae. In the present study, the methanolic extract of the cones of Cycas Beddomei analyzed by GC-MS, while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract was matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library. Twelve phytochemical constituents have been identified. The major chemical constituents are 1, 3-Propanediol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-nitro (61.14%), Methyl tetradecanoate (4.77%), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (9.00%) and Methyl cis-7-octadecenoate (4.73 %).


A wide range of vinyl sulfone-modified carbohydrates have been prepared as starting materials for the synthesis of polysubstituted chiral pyrroles. All these vinyl sulfones reacted efficiently with ethylisocyanoacetate to generate a plethora of new pyrrole derivatives. Furanosyl rings opened up during pyrrole synthesis, and pyranosyl rings were opened up by reacting the pyrrole with POCl(3)/DMF. This paper also reports one of the most efficient and practical routes for the synthesis of beta-substituted pyrroles.


Trade credit is being used as a price discrimination strategy by the suppliers in order to increase the customer's demand. From the viewpoint of the customer, if delayed payment is allowed for a certain period of time from the supplier, the effect of reducing the inventory carrying cost will positively affect the customer's order quantity. Also, in deriving the economic order quantity(EOQ) formula, it is tacitly assumed that the customer's ordering cost is a fixed cost. However in many business transactions, the customer pays the freight cost for the transportation of his order and so, the customer's ordering cost contains not only a fixed cost but also a freight cost which is a function of the order size. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the inventory model which considers that the customer's ordering cost contains not only a fixed cost but also a freight cost which is a function of the customer's order size when the supplier permits a delay in payments. For the analysis, it is also assumed that inventory is exhausted not only by customer's demand but also by deterioration. Investigation of the properties of an optimal solution allows us to develop an algorithm whose validity is illustrated using an example problem.


As DDS(Digital Frequency Synthesizer) chips are unable to generate different kinds of signal waveform directly,it is proposed to construct DDS technique with FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) and high speed MCU(Micro Controller Unit) and design the multi - function high - precision signal generator.The generator is mainly composed of the FPGA-based DDS,MCU controller,DAC,VGA(Variable Gain Amplifier), PA(Power Amplifier),LPF(Low-Pass Filter),MMI,system clock and power supply.MCU C8051F020 is mainly responsible for interfacing with outside and system control.Its software design applies QuartusⅡand Keilμv3 developing software and is programmed with VHDL and C language.The flowchart of system master control is given.The designed multi - function signal generator generates sine,square and triangle waves.Tests show that the performance is better than the technical parameters.


Urban informality is taking different shapes and dimensions. Theoretically the scope and dimensions of these remain little understood. This paper examines the different dimensions that the city is shaping itself informally. A case of Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe is proved as a basis for grounding the theory. Examples cited include housing informality, self-help initiatives by the youths and street vending by different age and gender groups. It is overall argued that the informal sector operations are ever shifting, ever-configuring and worth exploring. Such a study as this one is helpful in finding medium to long-term solutions in urban Africa, as a whole.


In this study, three feasible speed sensorless estimators of induction machines are presented by using extended, unscented and cubature Kalman filter algorithms. The estimators are based on an augmented non-linear state-space model of these machines, which describes the dynamics in stationary reference frame with six state variables. As an important part of the estimator design, an observability study is provided for the nonlinear model and an observability condition is formulated as well. The estimators are compared experimentally around zero stator frequency with respect to the speed estimation performance. However, the estimators are investigated only in open-loop and without external load disturbance.


The objective of this study is to establish the Standard
Scale of Dwelling Unit that is considerd Family Life
Stepwise as finding the difference of family pattern
which the Middle Class who living in Apartment.
Following the result of research, the Stage of Family
Life is discreted by five stages, the suitable number
of bedroom is obtained from each stage, the time for
children's separation is proposed.


The number of middle-class consumers has grown significantly following China's economic development. As well as increasing their consumption, the Chinese have also become increasingly materialistic, raising the question of whether increasing material acquisition and possession have led to greater life satisfaction. This paper, using a convenience sample of 600 Chinese, examines the influence of cultural dimensions (uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation, power distance, collectivism, masculinity) on materialism and life satisfaction. A comparison of gender difference was conducted to understand the gender role played in forming individuals' values, attitudes, and social behavior. The influence of culture and gender roles was partially confirmed.


The requirements of transport video resource sharing under the current situation of video networking surveillance system for expressway are analyzed.The rules of unified naming and authorization within the domain in line with the concept of traffic autonomous region are also presented.Besides,the regulations of access and control of resources within and outside the domain are made.Based on this,public video resources of transportation are integrated and a multilevel traffic video networked monitoring platform in a province is constructed.Thus,the correlative communications departments can share the video resources all over the province,which not only provides the scientific basis and assurance for the operation and management of transport,but also supplies the transport emergency command and rescue system with good business support and safeguard.


The size, structure, spatial homogeneity and temporal thermal stability of some regions in Antarctica such as Dome-C, make them good candidates for the external calibration or validation of upcoming spaceborne L-band radiometers such as SMOS. As experimental observations are lacking at this frequency, an electromagnetic modelling approach is applied to qualitatively assess the potential of these areas.


Introduction.- Growth of Ultrathin Metal Films.- Structure of Ultrathin Films.- Magnetism of Ultrathin Metal Films.- Epitaxy-Stabilized Structures.- Correlation between Magnetism, Structure and Growth.- Manganese Films on Cu (100) and Ni (100).- Summary and Outlook.


Since many organizations recently decide to implement and publish their applications over Internet, the number of Web services has dramatically increased. In many cases, a single service is not sufficient to respond to the user's request. In order to tackle this problem, services have to be combined together. Therefore, composition of Web services is one of the recent critical issues. Several approaches have been presented, to tackle this problem. In this paper, we classify these approaches into four categories namely Workflow-based, AI-planning based, Syntactic-based, and Ontology-based. Then, we describe and compare these approaches using some criteria (like QoS, scalability, and correctness). The overall results indicate that some AI-planning and Ontology based approaches like HTN-DL and WSMO satisfy most of the criteria.


Background: The feasibility of minimally invasive approach for Crohn's disease (CD) is still controversial. However, several meta-analysis and retrospective studies demonstrated the safety and benefits of laparoscopy for CD patients. Laparoscopic surgery can also be considered for complex disease and recurrent disease. The aim of this study was to investigate retrospectively the effect of three minimally invasive techniques on short- and long-term post-operative outcome. Patients and Methods: We analysed CD patients underwent minimally invasive surgery in the Digestive Surgery Unit at Careggi University Hospital (from January 2012 to March 2017). Short-term outcome was evaluated with Clavien–Dindo classification and visual analogue scale for post-operative pain. Long-term outcome was evaluated through four questionnaires: Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Gastrointestinal Quality Of Life Index (GIQLI), Body Image Questionnaire (BIQ) and Hospital Experience Questionnaire (HEQ). Results: There were 89 patients: 63 conventional laparoscopy, 16 single-incision laparoscopic surgery and 10 robotic-assisted laparoscopy (RALS). Serum albumin <30 g/L (P = 0.031) resulted to be a risk factor for post-operative complications. HEQ had a better result for RALS (P = 0.019), while no differences resulted for SF-36, BIQ and GIQLI. Conclusions: Minimally invasive technique for CD is feasible, even for complicated and recurrent disease. Our study demonstrated low rates of post-operative complications. However, it is a preliminary study with a small sample size. Further studies should be performed to assess the best surgical technique.


Recently, the unique foundations of a school of gladiators were discovered in the Roman town of Carnuntum (40 km southeast of Vienna, Austria) by applying a combination of non‐invasive archaeological prospection techniques such as magnetometry, ground penetrating radar, aerial photography, airborne laser scanning and airborne imaging spectroscopy. Although the well‐preserved remains of the building complex were revealed down to a depth of 1.8 m by high‐resolution near‐surface geophysics, some questions about the surrounding soil landscape remained unanswered. Therefore, a proximal soil sensing procedure based on a survey with a multi‐receiver electromagnetic induction (EMI) instrument was conducted to interpret the surroundings of the school, covering an area of 5.6 ha. We investigated the usefulness of integrating the complementary apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) and apparent magnetic susceptibility (MSa) measurements for the mapping and investigation of this soil landscape. The multiple ECa measurements allowed the identification of zones with low‐conductive gravel outcrops, and zones where silty‐clayey soils were deposited on top of the underlying gravel. An EC‐depth slicing procedure enhanced the contrast between small soil features, such as frost‐wedge pseudomorphs and drainage gullies, and their background, and provided indications about the depth extent of these features. The MS‐depth slices showed the foundations of the school of gladiators, an aqueduct and grave monuments. After combining these results with the topography, an integrated visualization of the school in its soil landscape was obtained. This study demonstrated the potential of multi‐receiver EMI soil surveys to map and interpret the soil landscape and to discern small natural as well as archaeological features.


Social anxiety is a pressure condition and classified into the fourth most common
psychiatric disorder after major depression, alcohol abuse, and specific phobia. Social
anxiety is estimated to have a peak onset in early adolescence which characterized by an
intense fear of the social situations so they implement safety behavior in their daily lives.
Enormous distress based on exaggerated fear of negative evaluation from others. This
study examined the effectiveness of the BERANI program (CBT internet-based) in order
to decrease their social anxiety. Website can be a mental health literacy media that reach
many youth in the promotion and preventive activities against social anxiety disorder.
This study using the untreated control group design with dependent pretest and post test
and it analyzed using Mixed Anova. Supporting data (daily checklists, observation, and
assignment of subjects per session) based on findings in the field are used to strengthen
the quantitative analysis.


In this paper,centering on the e -Business environment,the characteris tics of e -Business models and their influence on enterprise development are reviewed.Moreover,the e ssence of EBM is revealed.By case stu d-ies,it is shown that EBMs not only bring changes in the means of trade management,but also give birth to the revolution of both enterprise structure and the operation manner.


In birds, widespread species complexes often exhibit dramatic plumage differences across their distribution, which can give rise to discordance between morphotypes and phylogroups. Accurate identification of species diversity may require an integrated approach in which multilocus genetic data are used for inference and further corroborated by ecological, morphometric or behavioural data. Pomatorhinus gravivox and P. swinhoei, which were formerly considered component races of P. erythrogenys, were recently split using a delimitation system that mainly relied on the quantification of differences in phenotypic traits. We therefore carried out a reassessment of this taxonomic recommendation by conducting phylogenetic and population genetic analyses with multilocus genetic data. A deep mitochondrial split with a Kimura 2‐parameter distance of 0.061 was observed, mainly corresponding to the two morphologically defined species. However, one individual from P. swinhoei harboured a haplotype of P. gravivox. Individual‐based analyses of nuclear loci identified two distinct clusters that were exactly congruent with the two species. BPP delimitation also provided support for the separation. These congruencies support the notion that these two taxa are best regarded as two separate species. The presence of the P. gravivox mitochondrial haplotype in P. swinhoei was most likely a result of hybridization, due to the clear separation of nuclear loci. The speciation might be attributed to paleoclimatic changes but requires further evaluation due to the likelihood of ecological speciation. This study was in accordance with the results inferred from the quantitative system but highlighted the importance of sampling various data, especially in contact zones, in the study of taxonomy and speciation history.


A Biological assay using Amphora coffeaeformis var. perpusilla (Grunow) Cleve and A. coffeaeformis (Agardh) Kützing was used to investigate the changes in the properties of soluble organic carbon in sediments taken from a coastal wetland. During January to May, sediment extracts became increasingly inhibitory to diatom growth After the onset of the spring rains, the inhibitory properties of the extracts disappeared. Substances capable of promoting mixotrophic growth and heterotrophic growth were found in extracts taken in July to December. These positive responses took place at the time of mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L.)leaf‐fall.


Background Deficiency of the early components of the classical complement pathway (C1q, C1r, C1s, C4 and C2) is the strongest single genetic predisposing risk factor for the development of Systemic lupus erythematosus1. However data regarding complement deficiencies from developing countries is sparse, especially for pediatric onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Objectives To assess complement levels C1q, C2, C3 and C4 in children with pediatric onset lupus during quiescent stage of disease. Methods A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted between January and December 2012. 34 consecutive children with pediatric onset SLE (onset below 12 years), in quiescent stage (SLEDAI score zero) being followed at pediatric rheumatology clinic were enrolled. 29 age and sex matched healthy children were enrolled as controls. Clinical and immunological profile of patients was obtained from hospital records. C1q, C2, C3 were estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and C4 by end-point nephelometry. Genetic analysis was carried out in children with depressed levels of these complements. Results Mean age at onset of lupus in study cohort was 9±2.1 yrs (range 1.5 – 12 years) and M: F ratio was 1:3. Mean duration of disease was 5.4 years (range 6 months – 11 years). ANA was positive in all, whereas anti dsDNA was positive in 19/34. Mean complement C1q, C2, C3 and C4 levels were 50.32, 17.28, 1320 and 236 mg/L respectively. Levels of complements were low in 7/34 children with SLE (features in table). Children with complement deficiency had distinct clinical and immunological profile. A very young age at onset and predominant skin manifestations were noted in C1q deficient children. Anti dsDNA titres were characteristically low in these patients and a speckled pattern was noted on ANA-IF. Mutation analysis revealed homozygous nonsense mutation in C1QA gene in two children with characteristic early onset disease at 1.5 and 2.5 years respectively. Deficiency Age at onset Sex Duration of disease Predominant clinical features Anti dsDNA (IU/ml) C1q C2 C3 C4 1 C1q 2.5 yr M 7.5 yr CNS and skin. 1.5 0.23 18.2 1610 420 2 C1q 1.5 yr F 7.5 yr Skin 7.7 0.37 23.8 2500 500 3 C1q & C4 9.5 yr F 5.5 yr Skin and Joint 1.17 0.7 18.8 1610 30 4 C2 9.5 yr F 2.5 yr Skin and Joint 120.5 53.5 8.9 860 160 5 C2 & C4 11.5 yr F 7.5 yr Renal 1027 54.6 0.5 650 77 6 C4 9 yr F 7 yr AIHA 24 60 17.2 1000 77 7 C4 11.5 yr F 10.5 yr Scarring alopecia, Skin 29.1 67 13.5 1030 75 Conclusions Clinical and immunological profiles were distinct among complement deficient lupus children, who had early and more severe disease. Inherited C1q deficiency (mutation in C1QA gene) was noted in two children in the cohort. References Manderson AP, Botto M, Walport MJ. The role of complement in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus. Annu Rev Immunol. 2004;22:431-56. Acknowledgements This study was carried out as a MD Thesis, with support from the institute (PGIMER, Chandigarh, India). Disclosure of Interest : None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1608


This paper discusses the presence of women writers in Czech literature textbooks after 1989. It focuses on three periods: the communist period (1948 – 1989), the years immediately following the Velvet Revolution of 1989 (i.e., the early 1990s), and finally the post-communist and capitalist period (mid-1990s to 2009).


The two main factors to be considered in the manufacture of film-based TDDS are the mechanical and adhesive properties of the casted films. These properties affect the fabrication process as well as clinical application usefulness of the TDDS. So opt


Two behavioural responses were considered. In the first, rainbow trout were trained to press a trigger to obtain food, and in the second they were conditioned to respond to a sound signal in anticipation of food delivery. The trigger pressing, demand feeding, response was quickly learned and the pattern of feeding analysed. There was a dusk peak of feeding as well as appreciable nocturnal trigger pressing. Feeds were highly aggregated into bouts, more so in the case of groups of trout than with individuals. This suggests two behavioural mechanisms, one operating within individuals and a second social effect. The preferred time between trigger presses was 8–16 min. Total daily food intake could be controlled by adjusting the reward level per trigger press so that demand feeding was not necessarily ad lib feeding. Rainbow trout would respond to a sound signal of 100 Hz played for 30 seconds prior to a food delivery by showing a feeding type of behaviour in response to the sound only. Experiments are planned to try and use this sort of response to recall fish from a relatively free-swimming environment to a central point for feeding and eventual recapture.


Treatment of [Os3(CO)10(NCMe)2] with platinum bis(alkynyl) complexes cis-[Pt(C≡CPh)2(L)] [L = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (Me2bipy), 4,4′-bis(tert-butyl)-2,2′-bipyridine (tBu2bipy)] at room temperature readily affords the novel, spiked-triangular heterometallic cluster complexes [Os3Pt(CO)9(μ4-η2-C≡CPh)(η1-C≡CPh)(L)] (L = Me2bipy 1, tBu2bipy 2) in moderate yields. X-ray analysis of both complexes reveals that one alkynyl moiety is coordinated to the metal atoms in a μ4-η2(||) mode, accompanied by a concomitant transfer of an η1-C≡CPh group from the platinum centre to the osmium atom to give a metal framework with an osmium atom apically bonded to an Os2Pt triangle.


The interest in economics and efficiency of IT investment is growing as the amount of overall governmental IT investment steadily increase....


With the development of the deep ocean energy exploration,tidal current energy also has a trend of developing towards deeper waters.A reliable turbine carrier has a significant impact on the normal work and the maximal efficiency of the turbine.Focusing on the hydrodynamic response performance of floating carrier of the turbine in a deep water,this paper presents the calculation on the hydrodynamic performance of two different carriers using SESAM software,based on the three-dimensional potential flow theory.On the aspect of roll and pitch,which have important effect on the floating motion performance,the maximum roll angle and pitch angle of catamaran is obviously smaller than that of barge.Comparisons show that the catamaran form has more advantages in aspect of hydrodynamic performance.


The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of laterality in various speeds of gait cycle on manual pushing which has been given less attention. The participants of this study were 17 healthy males, 6 of them were left-handers. They performed trials by pushing a wall force plate during walking on a treadmill in three speeds: 1.5, 3, and 4 km/h. The participants were instructed to push at no less than 50% of their maximum static pushing force. Electromyogram (EMG) data was collected bilaterally from tibialis anterior, soleus, lumbar erector spinae and triceps brachii muscles. Time series analysis was normalized into gait cycle which was described as time between heel strike and just before the next heel strike of the same foot and it consisted of 100 data points. To show symmetry, cross-correlation function analysis from the left and right gait cycle variables were compared. Asymmetrical gait cycle period was only observed among right-handers at 3 km/h speed where right gait cycle had longer time than left gait cycle. Pushing force symmetry index was not changed in all of the three speeds in both right-handers and left-handers. Pushing force exertion showed asymmetry in between left and right gait cycle in 4 km/h pushing. The activation pattern of tibialis anterior, soleus and lumbar erector spinae muscles did not show any significant change due to different speeds of manual pushing. However, triceps brachii showed differences due to speeds among left-handers. The better understanding of laterality on manual pushing will help in not only better design of manual pushing tools and tasks but also on its application beyond manual materials handling.


Rising temperature causes a process of phosphorus release, which can be characterized well using phosphorus release rates (VP). The objective of the present study was to investigate the major factors affecting sediment phosphorus release rates through a wetland habitat simulation experiment. The results showed that the VP of different wetland sediments were different and changed with the order of W–R (river wetland) > W–L (lake wetland) > W–M (grassy marsh wetland) > W–A (reservoir wetland). The main driving factors which influenced sediment phosphorus flux velocity in the sediment–water interface were sediment B-SO42−, B-MBN and A-MBP content. Path analysis and determination coefficient analysis indicated the standard multiple regression equation for sediment phosphorus release rates in the sediment–water interface, and each main factor was Y = −0.105 + 0.096X1 + 0.275X2 − 0.010X3 (r = 0.416, p < 0.01, n = 144), where Y is sediment phosphorus release rates; X1 is sediment B-SO42− content; X2 is sediment B-MBN; and X3 is sediment A-MBP content. Sediment B-SO42−, B-MBN and A-MBP content and the interaction between them were the main factors affecting sediment phosphorus release rates in the sediment–water interface. Therefore, these results suggest that soil chemical properties and microbial activities likely play an important role in phosphorus release rates in the sediment–water interface. We hope to provide effective scientific management and control methods for relevant environmental protection departments.


Nowadays, the increasing development of Business Intelligence (BI) solutions in organizations, has enabled executives achieve a better understanding of business information for timely and rapid decision-making in a tremendously dynamic market. Although there is an increasing interest in adopting an agile approach to the software development, the emergent need of using agile methodologies in BI solutions is undeniable. This paper discusses the importance of using agile methods in the design and development of data warehouses taking into account the business processes, requirements analysis, and organizational objectives. Thus, we present a case study derived from a real-world business project where the agile methodology Business Event Analysis and Modeling (BEAM) is used to design the data warehouse. The project is based on a billing system with about one million operations on a daily basis with more than 15,000 clients. Finally, the results of this paper include the design of the dimensional model using an agile approach, the construction of the data warehouse through the ETL processes and an interactive dashboard according to the key performance indicators defined by the business decisionmakers.


One of the largest problems facing rural school counselors is that of confronting the low career expectations that many rural students have by the time they reach high school. The relationship among the fear of success (FOS), self-concept, and career decision making of adolescents was examined in this study. Special attention was given to whether or not the sex difference for FOS as reported for urban youth is also true for rural youth. Students (N=276) from three middle schools and three high schools in eastern Kentucky participated in this study. Each participant completed three self-report measures. Statistical analysis of the results reveals that the rural youth demonstrated a higher FOS than reported by urban youth in previous studies. Contrary to other studies, male participants reported a higher FOS than did female students. FOS was found to be related to both career certainty and career indecision: lower FOS was related to higher career certainty whereas higher FOS was related to higher career indecision. FOS was also found to be related to self-esteem. As FOS increases, self-esteem drops, career indecision rises, and career certainty decreases. Although a relationship was found among these variables, any causal relationships or interaction effects could not be addressed. (RJM)


A social enterprise model was successfully implemented in Kenya, Rwanda, and Ethiopia that centers the production and distribution of medical oxygen at referral hospitals and equips them to act as supply hubs that help meet regional demand for affordable supply. Key Findings A social enterprise approach for medical oxygen production and distribution led to median increases in procurement of oxygen ranging from 112%–220% at customer hospitals, at an estimated cost of US$7.34 per patient treated. A key challenge faced by this model has been inconsistencies in cash flow, resulting from irregular purchasing patterns from hospital customers and infrequent schedules of reimbursement from the government. This was further exacerbated by national insurance schemes that do not sufficiently cover hospital costs. Key Implications This social enterprise model addresses oxygen scarcity in semirural and rural areas, where 60% of the population in sub-Saharan Africa resides. Pressure swing adsorption plant models offer a substantial advantage in mitigating transportation barriers that often preclude oxygen access to rural communities. To be successful, this model requires long-term budget commitments and prioritization of plant maintenance by funders, medical facilities, and implementers. Other enablers of success include investment in quality equipment and the early development of a long-term business strategy to achieve financial sustainability. ABSTRACT Medical oxygen is an essential treatment for life-threatening hypoxemic conditions and is commonly indicated for the clinical management of most leading causes of mortality in children aged younger than 5 years, obstetric complications at delivery, and surgical procedures. In resource-constrained settings, access to medical oxygen is unreliable due to cost, distance from production centers, undermaintained infrastructure, and a fragmented supply chain. To increase availability of medical oxygen in underserved communities, Assist International, the GE Foundation, Grand Challenges Canada, the Center for Public Health and Development (Kenya), Health Builders (Rwanda), and the National Ministries of Health and Regional Health Bureaus in Kenya, Rwanda, and Ethiopia partnered to implement a social enterprise model for the production and distribution of medical oxygen to hospitals at reduced cost. This model established pressure swing adsorption (PSA) plants at large referral hospitals and equipped them to serve as localized supply hubs to meet regional demand for medical oxygen while using revenues from cylinder distribution to subsidize ongoing costs. Since 2014, 4 PSA plants have successfully been established and sustained using a social enterprise model in Siaya, Kenya; Ruhengeri, Rwanda; and Amhara Region, Ethiopia. These plants have cumulatively delivered more than 209,708 cylinders of oxygen to a network of 183 health care facilities as of October 2022. In Ethiopia, this model costs an estimated US$7.34 per patient receiving medical oxygen over a 20-year time horizon. Altogether, this business model has enabled the sustainable provision of medical oxygen to communities with populations totaling more than 33 million people, including an estimated 5 million children aged younger than 5 years.


There have been many studies on the reported risk factors contributing the acute appendicitis. However, the anatomical factors of vermiform appendix especially the length of appendix is still in doubt as etiology of acute appendicitis. The objective of this analytical study, therefore, was to identify the relationship between the length of appendix and the acute appendicitis in adults aged 15-60 years old. The retrospective study was conducted during October 2010-September 2011 (1 year) at Buddhachinaraj Phitsanulok Hospital by using the 1,072 pathological reports of appendectomy specimens. The relationship between age, gender, length of appendix and the development of acute appendicitis was studied. The t-test, chi-square and stepwise logistic regression were applied to determine the predictive significance. After criteria selection, the results revealed that 461 patients were classified in the acute appendicitis group and 150 patients were diagnosed with normal appendix. Of all factors measured, gender and a length of appendix independently predicted acute appendicitis with statistical significance (OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.465-3.254, p < 0.001 and OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.004-1.267, p = 0.042, respectively). In conclusion, the length of appendix, which is one of anatomical factors, should be considered in a risk prediction of acute appendicitis.


Duration as a parameter was used to determine the temporal summation characteristics of normal ears. An apparatus was constructed that permitted a subject to track threshold by modulating pulse width. The apparatus permitted experimenter control of rate of pulse‐width modulation and interpulse interval. The pulse width could be continuously varied by the subject from 10 to 500 msec. The rate of temporal summation was determined in 10 normal ears at octave frequencies between 0.125 and 8.0 kHz. Absolute thresholds were determined using a rate of change in pulse width from 4.5 and 30 msec per second. Subjects tracked threshold at a given intensity level for a time sufficient for the tracing to become stabilized. A constant off‐time of 500 msec was used between pulses. The temporal summation patterns were found to be reliable and indicate potential clinical usefulness in the pathological ear.


Abstract:While the division between "left" and "right" informs international political discourse, the unique historical and cultural background of Chinese society has led to a different understanding of these concepts there. This article focuses on Chinese political orientation and citizens' attitudes towards various political issues, portraying the political environment in China under the framework of "left–right" politics. This study reveals that, unlike the differences between the left and right in the West, Chinese people do not see obvious differences in their position towards egalitarianism, but they detect apparent attitudinal differences on issues like the conceptualisations of freedom, political systems and national identity. The thesis of this study is that the left–right divergence in China is contingent on whether Chinese people support the current political system.


FIELD: production of pipes, in particular, drill pipes with connection locks welded thereto. SUBSTANCE: flow line has machines for friction welding of lock connections at one and other ends of pipes, station for collecting of packet and leveling position of welded connection zones before thermal processing, induction heating chamber for induction heating before normalization procedure, induction heating chamber for heating before tempering of welded connection zones at one side of pipes collected into packet, station for leveling position of welded connection zones before thermal processing, similar induction heating chambers for normalization, cooling, induction heating before tempering of welded connection zones at other side of pipes collected into packet, water laminar cooling systems arranged at stations for leveling position of welded connection zones, and sprayers positioned in cooling chambers and adapted for water-air cooling of welded connection zones. All of mentioned parts of flow line are arranged in succession and connected with one another through transportation means. Intensified adjustable cooling sprayers are located within heating chambers for heating before normalization procedure. Welded connection zone cooling sprayer is positioned downstream of first machine for welding of lock connections. EFFECT: increased efficiency and enhanced reliability in operation. 3 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl


Objective: To knock down the expression of metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) gene in drug-resistant ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3/cisplatin (DDP) by RNA interference technology, and to investigate its effect on chemoresistance to DDP. Methods: Ovarian cancer SKOV3/DDP cells were not transfected (blank group, named as SKOV3/DDP cells), or transfected with empty plasmid (negative control group, named as SKOV-3/DDP-shVector cells) or combinant plasmid containing MACC1 specific small hairpin RNA (shRNA) (experimental group, named as SKOV-3/DDP-shMACC1 cells). The mRNA and protein expressions of MACC1 were detected by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. The half inhibition concentration (IC50) of DDP was determined by MTT assay. The apoptosis was examined by fIow cyometry. Results: After transfection of MACC1 shRNA into SKOV-3/DDP cells, the expressions of MACC1 mRNA and protein obviously decreased by (83.39±1.26)% and (82.25±2.94)%, respectively, as compared with those of the blank group (P < 0.05). Compared with the blank group and the negative control group, the value of IC50 of DDP in SKOV-3/DDP-shMACC1 cells significantly decreased [(26.09±0.91) µmol/L vs (47.50±0.40) µmol/L and (47.08±0.45) µmol/L, P < 0.05]. The apoptotic rate of SKOV-3/DDP-shMACC1 cells was significantly higher than those in the SKOV-3/DDP-shVector cells and the SKOV-3/DDP cells [(13.77±0.60)% vs (4.23±0.30)% and (3.63±0.30)%, P < 0.05]. Conclusion: The sensitivity to DDP in ovarian cancer SKOV-3/DDP cells can be enhanced by  inhibition of MACC1 gene expression induced by RNA interference. DOI:10.3781/j.issn.1000-7431.2014.01.002


These notes are intended to provide a quick refresher on basics of probability before introduction to the use of randomization in algorithms. Probabilistic analysis tends to be non-trivial even in simple settings. Various tools have been developed over the years and it is helpful to see some simple templates. For the most part we will work with discrete (in fact finite) probability spaces but we will need also some tools from continuous spaces. There are several subtleties involved in formal aspects of probability theory when dealing with continuous spaces. These will not be of concern to us but it is useful to know why one needs more involved definitions.


Limited data are available regarding the impact of smoking cessation after atrial fibrillation (AF) diagnosis on clinical outcomes. Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we included patients newly diagnosed with AF and categorized them into four groups as follows: (i) never smokers, (ii) ex-smokers, (iii) smoking cessation after AF diagnosis ("quitters"), and (iv) current smokers. The primary outcomes were incident ischemic stroke and all-cause death during follow-up. Fatal ischemic stroke and death from cerebrovascular events were evaluated as secondary outcomes. Among 97,637 patients (mean age, 61 years; mean CHA2DS2-VASc score, 2.3), 6.9% stopped smoking after AF diagnosis. The mean follow-up duration was 3.2 ± 2.0 years. After multivariable adjustment, quitters had lower risks of ischemic stroke (hazard ratio (HR), 0.702; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.595–0.827) and all-cause death (HR, 0.842; 95% CI, 0.748–0.948) than current smokers. Quitters after AF diagnosis were associated with lower risks of fatal ischemic stroke (HR, 0.454; 95% CI, 0.287–0.718) and death from cerebrovascular events (HR, 0.664; 95% CI, 0.465–0.949) compared with current smokers. Quitting smoking may reduce the risk of ischemic stroke, the severity of ischemic stroke, and the incidence of cerebrovascular events in patients with new-onset AF.


Th e work contains some of the issues of logistics analysis methods to optimize product distribution and the formation of supplies in pharmaceutical organizations. An ABC-assortment analysis of eight pharmacies produced for selection of the highest priority items. Th e results, obtained using four diff erent analysis methods were compared to select the most informative one. Th e most close to the classical allocation has been obtained using dynamic methods of ABC-analysis (of Pareto and the method of tangents).


Prepared for a November 1982 UN/ Sheffield City Council conference on Transnationals and South Africa, this paper shows how British dependence on apartheid's 'strategic raw materials' is avoidable and trade sanctions would sustain rather than destroy UK steel jobs.


This paper mainly discusses how to obtain design knowledge from the finite element analyzed data.With regard to one design problem,the orthogonal experiment table is established according to diverse values of design variables,and variables in each kind of experimental schemes are built by the entity model of Pro/Engineer software and then the entity model is analyzed by ADAMS in order to obtain design parameters which satisfy design need.The data of different characteristics collected from the stress analysis and other relative computation data constitute a new two-dimensional form from which design knowledge is extracted by using the rough set theory.This method of knowledge acquisition is tested by the analysis of the data from driving head of hydraulic drill.The test shows that the method obtains three strong associate rules for the design of driving head,which is applicable.The experiments prove that this method of knowledge acquisition is correct and effective and can also be used as guidance for extracting design knowledge from other engineering analyzing software.


We analyse the ultimate quantum limit on the accessible information for an optical communication scheme when time bins carry coherent light pulses prepared in one of several orthogonal modes and the phase undergoes diffusion after each channel use. This scheme, an example of a quantum memory channel, can be viewed as noisy pulse position modulation (PPM) keying with phase fluctuations occurring between consecutive PPM symbols. We derive a general expression for the output states in the Fock basis and implement a numerical procedure to calculate the Holevo quantity. Using asymptotic properties of Toeplitz matrices, we also present an analytic expression for the Holevo quantity valid for very weak signals and sufficiently strong dephasing when the dominant contribution comes from the single-photon sector in the Hilbert space of signal states. Based on numerical results we conjecture an inequality for contributions to the Holevo quantity from multiphoton sectors which implies that in the asymptotic limit of weak signals, for arbitrarily small dephasing the accessible information scales linearly with the average number of photons contained in the pulse. Such behaviour presents a qualitative departure from the fully coherent case.


A case study is described wherein strong focus on research during the developing threats that caused the elevation of  Cycas micronesica  from Near Threatened to Endangered status illustrates how targeted research results may be used to aid in conservation education. We argue that the devotion of a portion of conservation funds to research in addition to mitigation efforts may improve ultimate conservation success.


In the present work the cluster model and the charge self‐consistent extended Huckel method are used to determine the configurations of Cl chemisorption of the Si(111), Ge(111), and GaAs(110) surfaces. According to the calculation, the Cl adatom sits on the top of the silicon surface in a covalent site, which agrees quite well with the photoemission experiments, while on the germanium surface the Cl might sit on both the top site and the interstitial threefold site. Concerning the chemisorption on the GaAs(110) surface, the calculation shows that the Cl adatom adsorbs on the relaxed GaAs(110) surface and is bonded with the surface As atom. The density of states calculated from this configuration seems to agree well with the existing experimental results.


The D-optimal design for the Haar wavelet system is obtained and an example given.

Le schema D-optimal pour le systeme d'ondelettes de Haar est obtenu et un exemple est donne.


Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films with thickness 40μm are irradiated with 3keV argon ion beams with different fluence ranging from 0.5×1018ions.cm−2 to 2×1018ions.cm−2 using locally designed broad ion source. The changes in the PET structure are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. The XRD patterns show that the peak intensity decreases with irradiation and the particle size decreases from 65.75 A for the un-irradiated to 52.80 A after irradiation. The FTIR indicates partial decrease and reduction in the intensity of the bands due to the degradation of the polymer after ion irradiation. The optical energy band gap decreases from 3.14eV to 3.05eV and the number of carbon cluster increases from 119 to 126 after ion irradiation. The results show a slight increase in the electrical conductivities and the dielectric constant (e). The results indicate the effectiveness of using PET films as capacitors and resistors in industrial applications.


Oil chromatography data together with its variation trend provide the key basis for the evaluation of the transformer health state. The existing studies on deep belief network (DBN) and support vector machine (SVM) have reported a few results in the field of oil chromatography data prediction. However, the above-mentioned methods are proposed for the classification problem, so there is no theoretical basis for applying the above-mentioned methods to the time-series prediction. The wrong usage limits the accuracy of the predicted results, which is observed as the obvious "time-shift" error in the prediction curve, leading to the predicted state inconsistent with the actual situation. To fill the gap, a deep recurrent belief network (DRBN) model for the transformer state prediction was proposed based on the time-series theory and oil chromatography data characteristics. In this model, the construction shortage of DBN in time-series prediction was analyzed as a prototype pattern to structure the stereoscopic mapping relation. The self-adaptive delay network based on the principle of autocorrelation, together with the corresponding error feedback network, realized the stereoscopic flow of data in multi-dimensional space and, thus, ensured the model's valid expression of the time-domain correlation. In addition, the cross-entropy loss function, based on the Kullback–Leibler divergence and the Weibull distribution with an obvious characteristic of DGA, was constructed to eliminate the uncertainty of initialization process and also effectively control the direction and step size of the error gradient. The examples in the field were used to verify the method to find that the model proposed in this paper can availably overcome the "time-shift" error, and its prediction accuracy can reach more than 95.16%.


Selection of a spermatozoon presenting both motility and normal morphology is one of the main concerns in intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Spermatozoa appearing as morphologically normal at the 400× magnification could carry various structural abnormalities that could negatively influence embryo development and pregnancy establishment, but only be detected with the use of higher optical magnifications. This led to the development of motile sperm organelle morphology examination (MSOME), which can achieve magnification ranging from 6300× to 13000×. Several approaches were used to classify spermatozoa. However, the prevalence of morphologically normal spermatozoa in MSOME is low (usually less than 5%). The most striking abnormalities are vacuoles, thought to be of acrosomal and/or nuclear origin and related to failure of sperm chromatin condensation. Twelve years after the introduction of MSOME, many questions remain unsolved. A consensual definition of a 'normal' spermatozoon and a classification of abnor...


It is essential to develop the cooperation between public library and libraries in schools.Based on the common functions and the necessity of cooperation in modern society,the paper discusses the problems existing presently in library and the advantages of cooperation,introduces the experiences of cooperation at home and from abroad,and puts forward the way and method of cooperation.


A portion of youthful females may acknowledge unpredictable dietary patterns because of shameful problems about their body shape or weight, others utilize sustenance to comfort themselves as far as unforgiving conditions in their social or instructive lives. Different components can bring about these issues. This is on the grounds that specific perspectives are solid in one's choice to eat certain foodstuffs. Such solid components incorporate companion weight, family standards, social practices, accessibility of various foodstuffs, and desires.


PURPOSE: A scroll of sirocco fan is provided to obtain a constant air volume even when the rotation frequency of the impeller is decreased, and reduce noise of the fan by increasing the diameter of scroll and impeller. CONSTITUTION: A sirocco fan comprises a scroll(2) forming an outer periphery of the sirocco fan; an impeller(3) installed within the scroll, and which rotates so as to suck and discharge an air; an inlet port(4) formed at the scroll; an outlet port(5) formed at the scroll; a cut-off(7) formed at a side of the outlet port; a suction surface(8) formed at the scroll; and a bottom surface(9) formed to oppose to the suction surface of the scroll. The suction surface and bottom surface of the scroll are formed to be inclined with respect to a vertical line. The outlet port of the scroll has a width with a wide upper portion and narrow lower portion when viewed from the front. The spacing formed between the suction surface and bottom surface of the scroll, gradually increases according to the change of angle from the air outlet direction.


Background and purpose: One of the main issues in cancer treatment is to reduce the side effects of drugs on healthy tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the preventative effects of continuous aerobic exercise on apoptosis ratio and liver fibrosis induced by doxorubicin in aging rats. Materials and methods: In this experimental research, 42 adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n= 7), including the Young, Aged, Aged+ Saline, Aged+ Dox, Aged+ Exercise+ Saline, and Aged+ Exercise+ Dox. The training groups practiced on treadmill while considering the principle of overload (five sessions per week/ six weeks). On the last 15 days of exercise, doxorubicin or saline solution were injected (1 mg/kg/daily). Then, 48 hours after completing the trainings, liver tissue sampling was performed to evaluate the fibrosis and expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins. Data analysis was done using One-way ANOVA at a significant level of P≤0.05. Results: Doxorubicin caused a significant increase in liver fibrosis, expression of Bax protein and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and a significant reduction in expression of Bcl-2 protein (p≤0.05). On the other hand, aerobic training significantly reduced the expression of Bax protein, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and hepatic fibrosis, and significantly increased the expression of Bcl-2 protein (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Continuous aerobic exercises, reduce the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio which is an indicator of increase in survival rate and also reduce liver fibrosis against doxorubicin. © 2018, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.


Natural and synthetic fluorescent coumarin glucosides were used as probes to analyze the key structural features that enable recognition and transport by the Arabidopsis sucrose transporter AtSUC2.


Abstract In this study the thermodynamic properties of various Oxo-alcohol ethoxylates related to their adsorption at the air/water interface and to their micellization have been studied. The effect of various additives, including electrolytes, alcohols, polar aromatic solutes, and ionic and nonionic surfactants on the cloud point of aqueous solutions of the same surfactants has also been investigated. Salting-out electrolytes lower the cloud point while salting-in species raise it. Except for the totally water-miscible alcohols, most hydroxylated compounds lower the cloud point. Phenols, aromatic alcohols, and amines seem to interact preferentially with the ethylene oxide groups of the micelles, leading to strong dehydration, and consequently lowering the cloud point. On the contrary, by forming mixed micelles, an anionic surfactant strongly raises the cloud point of the nonionic.


Chitin and lignin primarily accumulate as bio-waste resulting from byproducts of crustacean crusts and plant biomass. Recently, their use has been proposed for diverse and unique bioengineering applications, amongst others. However, their weak mechanical properties need to be improved in order to facilitate their industrial utilization. In this paper, we fabricated hybrid fibers composed of a chitin–lignin (CL)-based sol–gel mixture and elastomeric poly (glycerol sebacate) (PGS) using a standard electrospinning approach. Obtained results showed that PGS could be coherently blended with the sol–gel mixture to form a nanofibrous scaffold exhibiting remarkable mechanical performance and improved antibacterial and antifungal activity. The developed hybrid fibers showed promising potential in advanced biomedical applications such as wound care products. Ultimately, recycling these sustainable biopolymers and other bio-wastes alike could propel a "greener" economy.


Objective To probe an evidence-based strategy discussion on high level human resource planning and management in disease prevention and control field through analysis on staff flow of a subordinate institution of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Methods Basic information of flowing staff during 2006-2013 was analyzed and interviews with some outflowing staff were launched. Results During 2006-2013,81 staff were recruited into the institute with 46 flowed out. The total amount of staff flowing showed an increasing trend in the period. As for the human resource structure, the inflowing staff were mainly master degree or above, subtropical high title or below, younger than 35 years. Graduating students are the main route for inflowing staff recruiting. The outflowing staff were mainly doctor degree,subtropical high professional title, age at 36-40 years. The amount of outflowing reached peak in 2013 and the target organization are concentrate in research institutions, international organizations and enterprises. The service period of the inflowing and outflowing staff are mainly below 10 years, however, the outflowing staff own higher professional comprehensive quality score. Interviews revealed that outflow to enterprises and international organizations of the high income. Conclusion The professional comprehensive qualification of inflowing staff is relatively lower than the outflowing.Loss of talents is a significant phenomenon in the institute. It needs to strengthen the modern human resources management and develop updated measures to stabilize talents.


The present article is to inquire into the extent which in permissible in the use of force on the sea by the coastal state law enforcement agency. In so doing, the present article in divided into 5 chapters. Introduction, is the use of force permissible in the exercise of hot pursuit?, the extent and level of the force, case studies, and conclusion and proposal. The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, in the M/V "Saiga" (No.2) case, has held as follows. In considering the force used by Guinea in the arrest of the Saiga, the Tribunal must take into account the circumstances of the arrest in the context of the applicable rules of international law. Although the Convention does not contain express provisions on the use of force in the arrest of ships, international law, which is applicable by virtue of article 293 of the Convention, requires that the use of force must be avoided as far as possible and, where force is unavoidable, it must not go beyond what is reasonable and necessary in the circumstances. Considerations of humanity must apply in the law of the sea, as they do in other areas of international law. Therefore, it is submitted that in the use of force, force must be limited in the ambit of the principles of reasonability and necessity.