Safety and Effectiveness of the product is a crucial part of medical devices as it deals with human lives. In the case of software medical device it is important to establish processes, activities and tasks which assures that the software has been developed in a manner that is likely to produce highly reliable and safe products. It is proven that most of the software failures are design failures and hence the quality and reliability has to be built into the software design for the software medical device. FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) is an effective and time-proven tool in the Industry. It is a bottom-up technique that helps in finding opportunities to make the design more robust. An Early Design FMEA (EDFMEA) is an analysis tool used to anticipate and plan actions to resolve potential failure modes as soon as a design concept has begun to be developed. The intention is to be able to influence the design before it has been codified where subsequent changes are more difficult. FMEA is also a good tool in doing hazard analysis for medical devices. It acts as a systematic approach to do evaluation of hazards associated with the medical device by identifying hazards and estimating the risks associated with the device This paper illustrates systematic approach to deploy FMEA in software medical devices through our experience. It also addresses involvement and importance of cross functional team during the design evaluation through FMEA, different challenges that we faced, and how to make a design FMEA successful in reducing the rework and ensuring the Product Reliability.


Cancer cachexia is a state of involuntary weight loss and altered body composition triggered by an underlying malignancy. We sought to correlate measures of cachexia with clinical outcomes in aggressive lymphomas and to identify biological pathways involved in the cachexia phenotype for possible druggable targets. Radiographic measures of cachexia were collected in a retrospective cohort of 109 patients with aggressive B‐cell lymphoma and followed for clinical outcome. We found males with sarcopenia had reduced progression‐free survival (5·4 vs. 72·3 months, P < 0·0005) and overall survival (OS; 30·2 months vs. not reached, NR, P = 0·02); males with adipopenia also had decreased OS (21·6 months vs. NR, P = 0·04). A trend for increased OS was observed in female sarcopenics only (32·8 months vs. NR, P = 0·08). Additionally, we analysed a prospective cohort of 14 patients for differences in circulating molecular targets involved in various biological pathways. There was a significant correlation with cachexia for reduced serum levels of mediators within the glucose utilization [insulin ‐like growth factor (IGF)‐binding protein 6, P = 0·04; IGF‐1, P = 0·02], inflammation (lymphotoxin‐like inducible protein that competes with glycoprotein D for herpesvirus entry on T cells; LIGHT, P = 0·005), and energy intake/expenditure (leptin, P = 0·004). We conclude that cachexia in patients with aggressive lymphomas has sex‐specific prognostic utility and correlates with measurable changes in metabolism and immune function.


We developed a high resolution global coupled modeling capability to perform breakthrough studies of the regional climate change. The atmospheric component in our simulation uses a 1{sup o} latitude x 1.25{sup o} longitude grid which is the finest resolution ever used for the NCAR coupled climate model CCSM3. Substantial testing and slight retuning was required to get an acceptable control simulation. The major accomplishment is the validation of this new high resolution configuration of CCSM3. There are major improvements in our simulation of the surface wind stress and sea ice thickness distribution in the Arctic. Surface wind stress and ocean circulation in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current are also improved. Our results demonstrate that the FV version of the CCSM coupled model is a state of the art climate model whose simulation capabilities are in the class of those used for IPCC assessments. We have also provided 1000 years of model data to Scripps Institution of Oceanography to estimate the natural variability of stream flow in California. In the future, our global model simulations will provide boundary data to high-resolution mesoscale model that will be used at LLNL. The mesoscale model would dynamically downscale the GCM climate to regional scale onmore » climate time scales.« less


A project master plan in serial development is vital to determine which subprocess needs to be executed in a particular development phase. The question remains, however, as to how to determine which preventative quality process is the most cost effectiv..


2542Background: The use of oral anticancer therapies has increased substantially in recent years. Nonadherence can impair the efficacy of such therapies as well as confound the interpretation of toxicity and pharmacokinetic data in phase I trials. However, there is a paucity of data regarding adherence patterns and barriers in this specific setting. Methods: We included patients treated in Phase I trials involving oral investigational medicinal products (IMPs) in the Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, UK, between 2012 and 2014. Patient, disease and treatment characteristics as well as compliance data from prospectively collected trial diary cards and drug accountability were recorded. Relationships between adherence rate and other variables were explored using logistic regression. Results: We collected data for 2819 patient-weeks, pertaining to 169 patients treated on 18 different phase I trials. Median age was 61 years (range 18-79), females predominated (60%), median number of previous syste...


This article attempts to discuss the various societal responses to religious diversity and pluralism in Malaysia and Indonesia. Its focus is on the Muslim–majority nations of Indonesia and Malaysia, where the idea of religious pluralism among Muslims has taken various shapes. While the state's management of pluralism is so far characterized by politics of expediency and accommodation to ensure stability, law and order, and harmony, it is the societal or community responses that matter most. Advancing and nurturing the ideas of religious pluralism in social and religious discourse requires commitment in persistency and planning. This, in turn, calls for the need to know how the ideas of pluralism and religious diversity have been understood in society. The challenge of nurturing a substantive pluralism in society warrants recognition and support. This can be made in the realms of theological discourse, political will, educative approach, as well as institutional support Copyright (c) 2014 by SDI. All right reserved. DOI:  10.15408/sdi.v19i3.355


Even though the concept of tie strength is central in social network analysis, it is difficult to quantify how strong social ties are. One typical way of estimating tie strength in data-driven studies has been to simply count the total number or duration of contacts between two people. This, however, disregards many features that can be extracted from the rich data sets used for social network reconstruction. Here, we focus on contact data with temporal information. We systematically study how features of the contact time series are related to topological features usually associated with tie strength. We analyze a large mobile-phone dataset and measure a number of properties of the call time series for each tie, and use these to predict the so-called neighbourhood overlap, a feature related to strong ties in the sociological literature. We observe a strong relationship between temporal features and the neighbourhood overlap, with many features outperforming simple contact counts. Features that stand out include the number of days with calls, number of bursty cascades, typical times of contacts, and temporal stability. Our results suggest that these measures could be adapted for use in social network construction and indicate that the best results can be achieved by combining multiple temporal features.


Chongqing is a typical mountain city,motor vehicle and walking are the main traffic mode in the city.This paper analyzed the situations and problems of current pedestrian system,and several solutions were proposed at last,which may serve as a reference to the future development of Chongqing's pedestrian system.


Stable and transparent poly(styrene-acrylonitrile) latexes were produced by the polymerization of styrene-acrylonitrile in ternary o/w micro-emulsions containing sodium dodecyl sulfate as an anionic surfactant. Kinetics of copolymerization was studied at different temperatures using different concentrations of potassium persulfate and hydrogen peroxide/ascorbic acid. The suitability of existing model for homopolymerization was examined for styrene-acrylonitrile copolymerization after appropriate modification. The latexes were characterized for particle size and number of particles by dynamic light scattering and TEM. The isolated products were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR as well as by thermal analysis. The overall size of particles was found to be between 15 and 20 nm.

© 2000 Society of Chemical Industry


The methodologies employed in an FHWA research study entitled "Freeway Data Collection for Studying Vehicle Interactions" are described. The purpose of this study was to develop a series of data sets on microscopic vehicular traffic flow for selected types of freeway sections. The methodology used to develop these data sets involved digitizing vehicle positions from time-lapse aerial photographs of a series of freeway sites with various geometric configurations. Six types of freeway geometry were of interest: ramp merges, weaving sections, upgrade sections, reduced-width sections, lane drops, and horizontal curves. The aerial photography involved the use of a full-frame 35-mm motion picture camera operating in time-lapse mode mounted in a fixed-wing, short-takeoff-and-landing (STOL) aircraft. The sites were filmed at one frame per second with the aircraft flying clockwise at a slow speed around each site at altitudes ranging between 2,500 and 4,500 ft. Data were reduced to 1 hour of film (3,600 frames) of each site. Sites ranged between 1,200 and 3,200 ft in length. The data reduction method involved a microcomputer-based digitizing system. The most important components of the system were the mathematical techniques for computing vehicle position and the method of vehicle matching, which yielded complete vehicle trajectories for all vehicles passing through the sections studied. The data sets are expected to be useful both for empirical research on freeway traffic flow and for the validation of freeway simulation models. The data sets are being made available to those conducting research in these areas.


In this paper, a dynamic multi-swarm particle swarm optimization was carried out for the loads distribution method of thermal power plant, which avoids the standard particle swarm optimization easy to fall into local optimum faults. By dividing the particle swarm splits into two child particle swarm, which increases the diversity, enhances the exchange of information between particle swarm, obviously improves the convergence speed and precision and has better the globally researching optimization capability. By putting the algorithm into the optimal distribution of load of concrete problems, its effectiveness was verified.


It is well known that the construction of publicly verifiable secret sharing scheme with high information rate is a challenge. The information rates of the existing schemes are generally less than one-half; for this problem, we put forward a publicly verifiable secret sharing scheme with almost optimal information rate based on multilinear Diffie–Hellman assumption. First, we construct a knowledge commitment scheme by using multilinear map; on the basis of this scheme, we propose a publicly verifiable secret sharing scheme whose information rate is (m − 1)/m (The secret is (m − 1)-dimensional vector), which is almost asymptotically optimal. Second, the public verifiability of the scheme is achieved by using the multiple linear property of a multilinear map. Again, under multilinear Diffie–Hellman assumption, we proved the security of our scheme. And we apply our publicly verifiable secret sharing scheme to public-key encryption system skillfully. At last, the performance analysis results show the effectiveness and practicality of our scheme. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Space radiation effects will lead to single event upset,event latch up and other phenomena in SRAM devices.This paper introduces the hardware,software composition and related testing technology of SRAM radiation effect testing device.Through to The SRAM chip current detection and power protec- tion,it has solved the SRAM chip damage question in the SRAM experiment.It has accessed to the ex- pected experimental data by using the device in different source of radiation conducted on SRAM Experi- mental study of radiation effects.It provides important references in the assessment of operational life and reinforcement of the memory carried in the satellites.


Abstract : The operation of a magnetic sense amplifier device is examined and a mathematical model is developed which relates the properties of the magnetic materials to the device operation. The magnetic materials utilized are 'square-loop' ferromagnetic materials in the form of torroidal cores. The development of the model is based upon the observed behavior of the magnetic material during device operation. The magnetic sense amplifier device is capable of the detection of a small signal current which occurs at a known instant in time. By means of capacitor current feedback during cyclic excursions of the B-H loop, a voltage on an output winding can be made to 'build up' in a parametron-like manner. The output voltage, after a known time delay, is of the polarity as the original signal current, but has significantly greater voltage than that due to the signal current. The analysis method used is the analysis of the waveforms during device operation. The waveforms are considered to be piecewise analytic functions of time. The capacitor charges and core flux linkages are matched at the boundaries of the intervals over which the analytic functions are valid waveform representations. The material properties which are significant during the time when amplification takes place are characterized in terms of the S-Curves, which are defined in this work. A circuit 'gain' is defined in terms of the flux linking an output winding. This 'gain' is found to depend on the material properties as determined from the S-Curves, the circuit element values, the drive pulse widths and the drive pulse amplitudes. Experimental 'gain' data given confirms the theoretical model. (Author)


Six male buffaloes were used twice as groups K1 and K2 for Continuous Intravenous Infusion (CII) anaesthesia. In K1, medetomidine (2.5 μg/kg) + butorphanol (0.05 mg/kg) and in K2, midazolam (0.25 mg/kg) + butorphanol (0.05 mg/kg) were used intravenously as premedicants. Induction of anaesthesia was done by 5% thiopentone sodium and maintenance by 1% ketamine. Electrocardiographic and haematobiochemical parameters were recorded. ECG showed sinus bradycardia in K1 and sinus tachycardia in K2 groups. Inverted T wave for a very short period was observed in two animals of K2 group. Hb, PCV and TLC decreased with neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia in both groups. Plasma cortisol increased in both groups. In K1 and K2 groups plasma glucose level increased gradually up to 45 min and 60 min, respectively and then returned to the base line. Plasma creatinine and Na+ and K+ concentration fluctuated within normal limits. Plasma urea nitrogen did not change significantly after premedication till the end in both groups. Significant increase in AST values was observed in both groups in the later part of observation period.


Discriminating the water-inrush source correctly and quickly is an important guarantee for mine safe production.Based on the mastery of the geological and hydro-geolgical background of Xingtai coal mine,we selected items of water parameters for each aquifer and applied Bayes method to establish the model of rapidly identifying water-bursting source for different types of water coal mine.The results showed that Bayes stepwise discriminant model is superior to other models because of its simple calculation and stable structure.


79 listed companies are chosen as samples,using the panel data of past three years( from 2009 to 2011) for empirical analysis. The equity property,ownership concentration,equity balance degree and equity structure are used separately to reflect the status of listed companies' ownership structure. Tobin Q value,ROE,ROA are also used as explained variable,to build the regression model. Through empirical analysis,some conclusions are reached. Firstly,the nature of equity is related to corporate performance with TQ and ROE and has no significant relationship with ROA. Secondly,TOP1 is negatively related with corporate performance. Both equity concentration and equity balance degree have inverted u-shaped curve relationship with corporate performance. Thirdly,the proportion of state-ow ned shares is negatively correlated with corporate performance. Legal person share pro-portion is positively correlated with corporate performance. The relationship betw een public offerings shareholding and corporate performance is not obvious.


In the projected synthesis of the tetramethoxydibenzopyridocoline-derivative , the possible dehydrogenation-product of homolaudanosoline (S. Sugasawa and H. Yoshikawa : Soc. 1583, 1933), according to the scheme outlined in the recent paper (S. Sugasawa : J. Pharm. Soc. Jap. 57, 296, 1937), 6,7-dimethoxyquinoline (V) was needed, of wich nothing is yet known. After numbers of fruitless attempts to prepare this new compound by different methods, we managed to find a new route to quinoline (S. Sugasawa and k. kakemi : J. Pharm. Soc. Jap. 57, 170, 1937), which also leads to the 6,7-dimethoxy-derivative through following series of reactions (II V) :


The experiment was performed to study the rolling loss and wet skid of eight kinds of tire compound by using Dynamic Mechanics Analysis(DMA)technique.The results showed that the compound filled with silica(15phr)had high wet skid and low rolling risistance.When the compound filled with silica and silane coupling Si69(20/4)had higher wet skid and lower rolling risistance.The effect of the dispersity was improved and the property of the compound was improved greatly,and the rolling risistance of the compound filled with silica counting coupling Si69 was obviously better than that of silica alone.


Low grade coal is usually burned in pulverized form, because most of the inferior quality coal consists of small particles; also the losses due to unburned combustible particles are lower than they are for grate firings. The washing curves are not very steep and the difference between the maximum and the minimum ash content of the individual particles is relatively small. A n indirect result of the grinding is that the substance is broken up into particles with a very low ash content and particles with an ash content of up to 100 per cent. The carburized plant contains finely distributed internal ash, consisting of mineral substances which entered into the plant in the course of the natural feeding process, and external ash of a much larger grain size. The external ash is broken away from the carburized plant during the grinding and particles are obtained with an ash content of only l to 2 per cent, or up to 7 per cent, in very exceptional cases, and other particles with an ash content of almost 100 per cent. The washing curve of the pulverized coal starts off with a very low ash content, rises slowly up to a percentage which corresponds to the mean content of pure coal in the pulverized sample, then rises very steeply into the region of very high ash contents of up to 100 per cent. The finer the grinding the more perfect is the breaking up into particles of almost pure coal and almost pure ash particles. The coal particles are freed from the ash shell and the losses due to unburned coal particles are thereby considerably reduced.


Music is essential for pedagogical practice because, through it, children enjoy playfulness and develop intellectually and emotionally, learning to express their opinions, knowledge and feelings. When experiencing musical activities, students awaken sensitivities and understandings through the discovery of sounds, rhythms, melodies, harmony and movements. Therefore, this study performs standardization analysis and bibliographic research followed by field research with the objective of understanding the importance and benefits of music in the teaching and learning processes in Early Childhood Education.


.......................................................................................... .iii Background and Significance ............................................................. 1 Aims ................................................................................................... 5 Preliminary Studies ............................................................................. 6 Research Design and Methods ............................................................. 8 Data Acquisition and Quality Control. ................................................ 12 Statistical Analysis ............................................................................. 15 Results ............................................................................................... 17 Discussion .......................................................................................... 32 Limitations .......................................................................................... 35 Conclusions ........................................................................................ 36 Literature Cited ................................................................................... 37


The introduction of the phenolic compound Iraganox-1010 into the composite structure of polyurethane molding SCU-6 is an effective method for increasing its thermostability and heat resistance. This conclusion is confirmed by the results of investigation into stress-strain, thermomechanical and thermogravimetric characteristics of polyurethane compositions containing Iraganox-1010. Based on these data and the results of quantum-chemical study of the interaction of isocyanates with hydroxyl compounds, the mechanism of stabilizing effect of phenolic compounds has been proposed.


BARRY CUNLIFFE, ON THE OCEAN. THE MEDITERRANEAN AND THE ATLANTIC FROM PREHISTORY TO AD 1500, Oxford: University Press, 2017, vii + 631 p., 220 illustrations, 114 maps, ISBN  978-0-19-875789-4.


Laser transmission welding of plastics inflicts high thermal stress in the joint zone. Improper parameters can destroy the joint structure or result in thermal degradation of the polymer. Up to now, individual and time-consuming welding tests had to be conducted for finding reasonable process parameters if joining problems occurred. Depending on the individual problem, iteration loops might be necessary for designing a suitable joint geometry. Numerical simulations allow the prediction of the heat affected zone and the resulting maximum temperature. Such a thermal analysis of laser transmission welding permits an initial optimisation of the joining process in advance and helps to shorten the process development time. This paper presents a numerical model for the thermal characterisation of laser transmission welding to predict the temperature distribution and the heat affected zone. The model uses commercially available FE software. The simulation results are compared to temperatures measured with thermal imaging sequences at the front of the joint. The comparison shows a good correspondence between the simulation and the temperatures measured, especially for the maximum temperature. The calculated heat affected zone as well as the calculated temperature gradients exhibit a good accordance with the actual values too, but the limits of the measurement method in relation to discriminating small differences in temperature become obvious.


Several techniques have been applied to improve fluid conformance of injection wells to increase water flooding performance and eventually field oil recovery. Normal outflow control devices (OCDs) are effective solutions for this problem in reservoirs with static properties, however, they fail in reservoirs with complex/dynamic properties including fractures. There, the continuously increasing contrast in the injectivity of a section with the fractures compared to the rest of the well causes diverting a great portion of the injected fluid into the thief zone thus creating short-circuit to the nearby producer wells.
 This paper summarizes the integrated technical learnings from the successful application of the installation of the first Autonomous Outflow Control (AOCD) technology in a new long horizontal injector well. It shows the result of extending this technology to other injectors in both water and polymer phases in the field, it details the facts and observations and the insights the multidisciplinary authors have captured.
 This autonomously reactive control on the injection fluid conformance resulted in an increased sweep and ultimate oil recovery while reducing the total volume of injected fluid.


Covers cutting-edge research in HPC on complex environments, following an international collaboration of members of the ComplexHPC Explains how to efficiently exploit heterogeneous and hierarchical architectures and distributed systemsTwenty-three chapters and over 100 illustrations cover domains such as numerical analysis, communication and storage, applications, GPUs and accelerators, and energy efficiency


In this paper, a disorder hopping model was improved from analysis of the quantum size effect and interface effect of organic diodes doped with rare earth ions. The microscopic mechanism associated with the applied voltage influences on the recombination efficiency and the luminous efficiency of rare earth ions-doped OLEDs was investigated. The dependence of recombination efficiency and luminous efficiency on applied voltage varies with rare earth ions such as Nd, Eu and Er. Recombination efficiency, and then luminous efficiency increases first, and then reaches a maximum at a certain applied voltage. Then it decreases slowly. Maximum recombination efficiency, and then maximum luminous efficiency vary with rare earth ions. The corresponding voltage varies with rare earth ions also. The relation between recombination efficency and luminous efficency was studied. The results of this study agree closely with other studies cited herein.


Abbreviations. Introduction. Part I: Government and Science. Relationships between Government and Science. Theories of Science and Science Policies. Theories and Practice of Government. Part II: The Commissioning System in Action. The DHSS and the Research Management System. Science and Macro Scientific Policy: the Case of the CSRC and the Intermediate Boards. The Chief Scientist's Prganisation and the Research Councils - the Case of the Panel on Medical Research and Relationships with the SSRC. Research Liaison Groups and the Small Grants Committee: Two Contrasting Systems. The Chief Scientist's Organisation and External Research Bases: the Case of the DHSS Research Units. Review of Units and Scientific Merit: Chief Scientist's Visits. Review of Units and Policy Relevance: the Customer Review. Part III: Emerging Processes and Roles. The Functions, Process and Impact of Research Commissioning. Emerging Roles. Policy after Rothschild and Generalisations. Appendix: Preface to the First Edition. Bibliography.


In a prior study in patients switching from efavirenz (EFV) due to neurologic side effects, we compared nevirapine (NVP) full dose (200 mg twice‐daily) from the beginning to the standard dosage (200 mg once‐daily for two weeks and then increase to 200 mg twice‐daily) [ 1 ]. Adequate concentrations were seen with the experimental arm but with a trend towards higher toxicity, with 25% of patients having to stop NVP due to rash or hepatitis. Our hypothesis is that NVP 200 mg daily for 1 week and then increasing it to 200 mg twice‐daily will achieve adequate plasmatic concentrations with better tolerability.


The implementation of the recommendations is a continuous improvement effort in improving the quality of Public Health Center services and is related to the strategy for increasing accreditation status. However, a preliminary study in Magelang District showed that the implementation of the follow-up recommendations given by the surveyor to the administration and management group was only carried out by the Candimulyo Health Center. This study aims to analyze the implementation of recommendations in the post-accreditation Administration and Management group at the Candimulyo Health Center, Magelang Regency. This research is a qualitative research with a case study research design. This research started from August to October 2022. There were 6 informants in this study consisting of the Head of the Public Health Center, the Admen in Charge, the Head of Quality and the Admen Team Members as the main informants. Data collection techniques in this study are in-depth interviews. Data validation uses source triangulation with informant triangulation. Analysis of the research data is data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results showed that only 28% of the recommendations had been implemented. The administration and management team already exists but there are no standards regarding post-accreditation activities, no specific planning and no monitoring and evaluation mechanism. The implementation of the recommendations at the Candimulyo Health Center has not been optimal because there is no specific plan regarding follow-up and support from the health office through monitoring and evaluation. Further research is needed on factors related to the non-implementation of post-accreditation monitoring and evaluation at the health office level. it is advisable to make reference to post-assessment accreditation activities including planning for the implementation of recommendations. and it is advisable to develop a policy mechanism for monitoring the implementation of recommendations. Keywords:  Accreditation, Quality, Recommendation


A hydroxylapatite(HA) film was deposited onto Ti alloy substrate using an assisted method of nitrogen ion beam at 60keV, which was characterized by XRD,FTIR,EDAX and XPS means. It is observed that the film is an amorphous structure, its Ca/P ratio is 2.46 which is far high to one (1.67) of the primary HA and that a loss of hydroxy radical appears in the film. A contamination from C and O was emerged in the deposition process, leading to the presence of carbonate radical. The authors observed the difference from previous experimental results that the resistance to dissolve in Hanks solution for the film deposited by nitrogen ion beam assistance not that annealed film is the best, but that unannealed one has been superior to the former. However, both of them are better than the resistance to dissolve of Ti/alloy. The phenomenon observed in experiment was discussed.


On the basis of opinion polls, press and recent French studies the author analyzed the impact of repatriation of «pieds noirs» (European colonists of Algeria) on the rise of Corsican nationalism (corsisme). It was found that the main reasons for rejection of «pieds noirs» in Corsica are the following: government programs to support repatriated, which objectively did not apply to other Corsicans, the concentration by new arrivals of large plots of land and new ways of farming that contributed to immigration of workers from Northern Africa. Perceiving a situation as a «colonization» of their own island, the local population widespread nationalist sentiment. The Aleria incident in 1975 can be considered as transition point to the corsist's armed combat. In response to the capture of their property corsican «pieds noirs» established in continental France the association, designed to look ways to protect their rights, including complaints to the European Court of Human Rights. It is significant that both sides the responsible for this situation believed the French state.


How does foreign direct investment (FDI) affect the use of economic coercion? This article argues that while FDI matters, the effect depends on the entry mode of the FDI. The economic interdependence created by FDI does not have a monotonic effect on economic statecraft because the relative costs incurred by economic disruption differ depending on the forms of foreign investment. In particular, the FDI that creates wholly-owned subsidiaries (for example, cross-border mergers and aquisitions) imposes greater costs to the sender's firms than cross-border joint ventures with local partners, while FDI through joint ventures incurs greater costs for the host than the home country and its firms. By utilizing US sanction episodes from the Threat and Imposition of Economic Sanctions (TIES) dataset, the empirical analysis supports the argument. The results show that economic sanctions are less likely to occur as the share of FDI through cross-border mergers and acquisitions increases.


The resource of wild fruit plants in the Three Gorges reservoir region was systematically researched and analyzed with the methods of plant flora analysis according to "the database of the resource of wild fruit plants in the Three Gorges reservoir region". The conclusion is as follows: ①The source had played an important role in the vegetation in the reservoir region. ②Wild fruit plants in the Three Gorges reservoir region were mostly made up of the families and the genera, which consisted of more than 10 kinds of genera or species. ③Analyses on the distribution area types showed that the flora the reservoir region had close relations with the tropical and north temperate distribution type. ④There were abundant special species.


Introduces a technique for optimizing interprocessor communication in programs for distributed memory multiprocessors. Our basic approach is to combine messages with the explicit goal of reducing the overall execution time, taking into account direct and indirect dependencies among the concurrent units. We first establish that combining messages between a pair of isolated processors is not necessarily useful in reducing the overall execution time of the program because of complex interprocessor dependencies. The conditions under which message combining is profitable are then established. We then search for such conditions along chains of dependencies that exist across several processors and combine messages that satisfy these conditions.<<ETX>>


The progress of information technology is currently growing rapidly. Technology related to the internet is often a solution to most of the problems in existing needs, especially those related to the effectiveness and efficiency of activities and procedures. In this final project, the author discusses websites in the business field, namely e-commerce websites. In this study, the authors chose one of the most popular e-commerce websites in Indonesia this year, namely the shopee website, a website that not only offers products but also puts forward the appearance of the Shopee website which must always be considered because it is the main factor to increase customer purchases. In this study, the quality of the web that will be measured by users, especially for consumers, is based on measuring the quality of the website using the System Usability Scale (SUS). Evaluation of the shopee website is the first step to measure the level of usability on the website. Usability evaluation on the website is carried out to collect opinions from various respondents regarding the functionality of the website. In this study, the results obtained from the calculation of the average usability of the shopee website of 67.08 so that it can be said that the usability of the shopee website on product purchases has entered the OK category.


This paper aims to locate geographically the toponyms of the Early Iron Age Aryan kingdoms collected in the ancient sources and relate them to the different regional manifestations of their material culture. With this material a map will be drawn in which the different kingdoms and which would be their main cities are pointed out among the set of cataloged sites.


Ternary alloys Fe83Ga(subscript 17-x)M(subscript x) (x=0, 1, 2, 3; M=Cu or Al) were prepared by nonequilibrium solidification and their phase composition and magnetostriction were investigated by means of TEM, EDS, XRD, and resistance wire strain gauge. The result showed that alloys kept the disordered A2(bcc-Fe(Ga)) structure. Al or Cu was present in solid solution in Fe-Ga alloys. Al existed in the Ga-Ga clusters preferentially and formed Fe-Al solid solution with the Fe in the form of disorder bcc crystal structure. With the addition increasing, Cu phase precipitated from the matrix and accumulated at the grain boundary. Al and Cu additions resulted in the restraint of magnetostriction of alloy Fe83Ga17, but the restraining effect of Cu-addition was less than that of Al-addition. When x=2, the alloy Fe83Ga(subscript 17-x)Al(subscript x) would reach its maximum magnetostriction value. The alloys with Cu-addition would reach the maximum magnetostriction value when x=2 and 3.


In The Art of Transition, Francine Masiello sets out to examine "culture as it moves from conditions of dictatorship to democracy" and "the fate of culture under market domain" (xi). Following this lead, my concern in the present review is not with her interpretation of literary texts, but rather her arguments concerning how markets and globalization explain the emergence of new voices and themes elaborated in those texts.


A method (46) for processing a thermoplastic material comprising passing the thermoplastic material through a microwave heating device (40) at a selected feed rate, the microwave heating device comprising microwave energy. A microwave emitter (43) for supplying a resonant cavity to the resonant cavity, the resonant cavity including at least one inlet and at least one outlet, the inlet and outlet collectively for passing thermoplastic material through the resonant cavity A resonant cavity forming a passageway (49) and a movable piston (48) configured to adjust the length of the resonant cavity and exposing the thermoplastic material to microwaves in the resonant cavity Measuring the electric field generated by the microwave emitter, wherein the exposure results in an increase in temperature of at least a portion of the thermoplastic material. , Adjusting the position of the movable piston in response to the measured electric field, and comprises processing the thermoplastic material.


Title of Document: EFFECT OF BOROHYDRIDE REDUCTION AND PH ON THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES Tara Marie Schendorf, Masters of Science, 2014 Directed By: Professor Neil V. Blough, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Despite decades of research, the structural basis for the optical properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and humic substances (HS) are still not clear. Through several analytical techniques, it is known that CDOM contains carbonyls (aromatic ketones, aldehydes, and quinones), carboxylic acids, and phenols. The charge-transfer model proposed to explain the optical properties of these materials assigns the short-wavelength absorption (<350 nm) and fluorescence emission to electron donors (phenols) and acceptors (carbonyls), while the longwavelength absorption is attributed to charge-transfer interactions among these species. Because carbonyls are reducible species a method was developed to eliminate them and to investigate its effects on the optical properties of HS in relation to their structure. In addition, the effect of pH on the optical absorption spectra for both untreated and borohydride reduced HS was examined and related to the deprotonation of carboxylic acids and phenolic moieties. EFFECT OF BOROHYDRIDE REDUCTION AND PH ON THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES


The passive magnetic detection and localization technology of the magnetic field has the advantages of good concealment, continuous detection, high efficiency, reliable use, and rapid response. It has important application in the detection and localization of submarines and mines. The conventional location algorithm needs magnetic gradient tensor system moving to other points, we propose a kind of linear location algorithm with a unique solution based on a single measurement of the cuboid tri-axial magnetometer array. The magnetic gradient tensor of the magnetic target is first calculated at the center points of the six rectangles of the cuboid array, and then the distance between the magnetic target and the rectangle center of the cuboid array is calculated. Finally, according to the square difference of the distances of the three pairs of parallel rectangles, a linear equation set about the position coordinates of the magnetic dipole is formed and then these position coordinates are calculated fast. We derive an analytical formula of the location error for the linear location algorithm. The simulation shows that the position of the target can be calculated accurately and the relative error of the position is <1%, and the location errors are positively correlated with the noise standard deviation of the three-axis magnetometer, and more they are proportional to the non-orthogonality between every two axes, sensitivity deviation and bias of the three-axis magnetometer. The location errors of the linear location algorithm through numerical simulations are consistent with the location errors calculated by the analytical formula.


The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) held its annual Pressure Vessel and Piping (PVP) Conference, which was offi cially titled '2009 ASME Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference', on 26–30 July 2009 in Prague, Czech Republic. The conference included 700 technical papers organized into more than 180 sessions (technical and panel sessions), tutorials, and a student paper competition. The conference is organized according to the various PVP subcommittees.


Electrical energy is critical to the advancement of both social and economic growth. Because of its importance, the electricity industry has historically been controlled and operated by governmental entities. The power market is being deregulated, and it has been modified throughout time. Both regulated and deregulated electricity markets have benefits and pitfalls in terms of energy costs, efficiency, and environmental repercussions. In regulated markets, policy-based strategies are often used to deal with the costs of fossil fuel resources and increase the feasibility of renewable energy sources. Renewables may be incorporated into deregulated markets by a mix of regulatory and market-based approaches, as described in this paper, to increase the systems economic stability. As the demand for energy has increased substantially in recent decades, particularly in developing nations, the quantity of greenhouse gas emissions has increased fast, as have fuel prices, which are the primary motivators for programmers to use renewable energy sources more effectively. Despite its obvious benefits, renewable energy has considerable drawbacks, such as irregularity in generation, because most renewable energy supplies are climate-dependent, demanding complex design, planning, and control optimization approaches. Several optimization solutions have been used in the renewable-integrated deregulated power system. Energy storage technology has risen in relevance as the usage of renewable energy has expanded, since these devices may absorb electricity generated by renewables during off-peak demand hours and feed it back into the grid during peak demand hours. Using renewable energy and storing it for future use instead of expanding fossil fuel power can assist in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. There is a desire to maximize the societal benefit of a deregulated system by better using existing power system capacity through the implementation of an energy storage system (ESS). As a result, good ESS device placement offers innovative control capabilities in steady-state power flow regulation as well as dynamic stability management. This paper examines numerous elements of renewable integrated deregulated power systems and gives a comprehensive overview of the most current research breakthroughs in this field. The main objectives of the reviews are the maximization of system profit, maximization of social welfare and minimization of system generation cost and loss by optimal placement of energy storage devices and renewable energy systems. This study will be very helpful for the power production companies who want to build new renewable-based power plant by sighted the present status of renewable energy sources along with the details of several EES systems. The incorporation of storage devices in the renewable-incorporated deregulated system will provide maximum social benefit by supplying additional power to the thermal power plant with minimum cost.


The Centre for emergency assistance to children with injuries to the spine and spinal cord was established on the premises of the spine pathology and neurosurgery department of the Turner Research Institute for Children's Orthopedics which provides specialized and high-tech care to children with disorders of the spinal column and cord. Organizational and methodological activity of the Centre, and the algorithm for providing advisory and surgical assistance by the Centre's specialists in the city of St. Petersburg are presented. Hir. Pozvonoc. 2014; (3):146-150.


AIM To study antitumor activity of the extract denominated as UAP(Uric Antitumor Peptides isolated and purified from normal human urine). MOTHODS Proliferation inhibition assay was examined by cell counting and MTT method. Experiments in vivo were tested by treatment on tumor mice and acute toxicity on healthy mice. RESULTS UAP exerted strong dose dependent inhibition on the proliferation of three tumor cell lines, but not human normal leucocytes. Treatments on tumor mice show that UAP effectively inhibited tumor growth of mice HAC hepatoma, mice Lewis lung carcinoma and mice S 180 sarcoma with apparently dose dependent effect. Acute toxicity proved that UAP had very low acute toxicity in mice with LD 50 = 2 137 13 mg·kg -1 . CONCLUSION UAP has strong antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. This provides a promising alternative antitumor treatment.


For thick plate straightening process is a process of multivariable,nonlinear,under pressure as well as the bending coupling process,it is difficult to establish the mathematical model to fully reflect the actual straightening process. The amount of bending roll based on fuzzy neural network adaptive setting model is proposed in this paper,its application in the actual process does not depend on the specific mathematical model,can be a very good solution to nonlinear,time-varying,strong coupling. Experiments show that this adaptive model of bending roll has very good effect on setting.


This report discusses the history of the qualifications clause in the Federal Convention of 1787, the Common Law meaning of the term "Natural Born" citizen or subject, and common understanding in 18th Century of the term "Natural Born" citizen.


In order to improve the quality of medical care in a City Hospital, we studied the system of organization of expertise of temporary disability, which has a two-level structure that includes attending doctors and medical commission under the supervision of the heads of departments and deputy chief physician of the hospital. Despite the problems in health care system, the majority of patients and physicians are satisfied with the quality of care and solution of issues during the examination of temporary disability. Based on the survey and testing of physicians, organizational and management problems were identified, as well as difficulties in the organization of information support services during the examination of temporary disability.


Health care for Black South Africans Madam: The letter by Dr Anthony Orsmond on "Health care for Black South Africans" (MJA, February 5, 1983), was recently brought to my attention. I should like to comment briefly on the arguments he presented. First, health services the world over are better in large population centres than in remote rural areas. In South Africa, the medical care offered in the big towns and cities is excellent, to the benefit of all population groups. By the same token, rural areas can certainly be found, in this country as elsewhere, where services are suboptimal. If the urban services are excellent, why not acknowledge the fact? If the rural services have not reached a state of perfection, where in Africa (or elsewhere) has this goal been reached? Constructive suggestions in this regard would be most welcomeand certainly more helpful than the vituperations to which this country has for so long been subjected. Second, as a result of the reform of this country's labour legislation, all so-called"job reservation" has been scrapped, unions have mushroomed, and channels have been created for negotiation between management and labour. It is grossly unfair of Dr Orsmond to denigrate and implicitlydeny all these reforms by a snide reference to postmen. Similarly, he discusses salary discrepancies (a factor of five was mentioned) without any reference to the efforts that have been made and the success that has been achieved in gaining wage parity, not only in all the medical, nursing and paramedical professions, but in banking, mining, commerce and industry. Further, his reference to the "hewers of wood and drawers of water" is utter nonsense. No one would deny the vast cultural and developmental gradient that exists between the multiplicity of nations in the world today. The affluence of the nations of the First World nags the collectiveconscience of these countries every bit as much as it is viewed with envy and bitterness by the nations of the Third World. But what progress has been made on a world scale towards a more equitable distribution of this wealth? A glance at any World Bank publication will demonstrate how the rich become progressively richer and the poor poorer. Yet on this score the very opposite holds true for South Africa, where the buying power of Blacks has shown a constant and disproportionately large increase over the last few decades. Politics can certainly not be dissected out of a medical service, and the ways of politicians rarely coincide completely with the commitment to caring inherent in our profession. However, Dr Orsmond's letter would leave the uninformed reader with a really grotesque picture of the South African reality. Certainly the South African political system is far from perfect; nobody has ever claimed that it is. This perfect state still awaits attainment everywhere. But why is it that changes for the better are seldom, if ever, acknowledged? In the area of upliftment of developing peoples, with whom is South Africa compared? If such a comparison were ever carried out, I contend that South Africa could well claim that "Never has so much been done for so many by so few". Among members of the medical profession, bonds of friendship are needed, not barbs of animosity: And where we cannot agree, let us at least make an effort to understand. Certainly, things are not always as they seem. Sometimes they're better.


Patients with HIV/AIDS disease are at high risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) which is included as anAIDS-defining illness. Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) most frequently presents in the oral cavity and generally inpatients with HIV infection. Extra-oral PBL is a rare tumor but with a similar capability to local invasion and rapiddissemination to extra-oral sites. Bone marrow necrosis (BMN) associated with high grade B cell lymphoproliferative disease is a rare condition that should be suspected in HIV-infected patients with unexplained fever and cytopenias. Herewe describe the first case of BMN caused by a high grade NHL diagnosis as PBL in an AIDS patient.


In a time when Web 2.0 and social networking terms are part of our daily lives, it is necessary and strict legal approach to the new reality. Therefore, the present research work looks into one of the many problems caused social networks in cultural and social relations that shape the everyday of the XXI century. Specifically, the rights injury produced as a result of the diffusion in social networks images or videos without consent. The breath of the subject and the focus from it is approached from the constitutional involves analyzing the classical constitutional foundations from a renewed perspective to determine when, in thin context, there is an injury of the rights to honor privacy and self-image.


This study aims to examine the relationship between anti-corruption disclosure and earnings management. Data were obtained from the OSIRIS database and hand collected from annual and financial reports of 207 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016 to 2018 observation year. The results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between anti-corruption disclosure and earnings management, which is more pronounced when the company is small in size with positive profitability. Furthermore, the high level of anti-corruption disclosure reported by the company has the ability to reduce earnings management actions and show awareness, ability, skill, the actualization of attitude and behavior with integrity in creating a highly competitive business climate.


None plan communication to work if it does not carry with a study deep of the space in which it would be applied and the reality that surrounds it. The main purpose of this thesis is focused on the internal communication investigate of Fundacion Museos de la Ciudad through research implemented with a group of techniques that allowed us to know and analyze the main factors of communication, organizational climate and culture of FMC. This will help to development of a comprehensive internal communications plan 2014 aligned to the organizational culture and that suits the needs of those who shape it . This thesis has been taken as a methodological basis of Dr. Fernandez Beltran. He was developed his thesis under a research structure similar to that wish to raise in this document. Although the institutions they study focuses each have a character of service and a logic different job. The research base structure is similar as both studies are commissioned to audit a network of similar instances. Beltran analyzes a group of universities. This thesis analyzes a group of museums and cultural projects. This paper has taken the basic thematic structure of the thesis of Dr. Fernandez Beltran depending on which themes relevant to the case Museums Foundation of the City were developed. Initially was conceptualized around the views of several communication professionals and from those who built the foundation for the achievement of a research methodology that covers the whole and parts of a communication study which prioritizes new intangibles themes management and internal communication application for institutional strengthening.
It should be noted that this whole research process triggered in the design of a proposed internal communication plan including the establishment of goals, strategies, actions, time and budget, according to a comprehensive communication structure XXI century.


Duckett cited several goals which may be achieved by onestage hypospadia repairs [1]. These include 1) assurance of complete chordee release; 2) the creation of a neourethra of adequate caliber without resultant stricture formation and without pockets for diverticular formation; 3) placement of the meatus at the apex of the glans without disruption of the normal anatomic configuration of the glandulär tissue; and coverage of the penis with skin that is pliable, elastic, symmetrical and, preferably non hair-bearing.


This paper discusses the design of lithium ion battery connection for electric vehicle. The copper is chosen as main material of battery connection because of its high conductivity and high mechanical strength. For reducing electrical contact resistance, the author proposes two methods. The first method is increase of contact pressure at the junction. The second method is the addition of plating material with higher conductivity and wider surface area. Silver is chosen as copper plating material in the battery connection design because its high conductivity. In addition, tin is also chosen as copper plating material in the battery connection design because its high surface contact area. The designed battery connections were examined in three steps: no load test, DC loading test, and AC loading test. The examined parameters were contact resistance and power losses on the copper junction. The effect of contact pressure and plating material on the electrical contact resistance and power losses of copper junction of battery connection was investigated. The results showed that the sample of the copper junction with silver coating had the smallest contact resistance and power losses. The increase of the contact pressure reduced the contact resistance and power losses of the copper junction on three samples. The 8.4 MPa contact pressure gave the smallest contact resistance and power losses.


—In this paper, a Radar Electronic Counter Countermeasure (ECCM) scheme is considered to enhance the concept of pulse diversity which makes use of the orthogonal pulse block code. This is achieved by employing all the received signals in the matching filter operation at slow-time intervals based on parallel matching filters, which improves the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of real targets. This algorithm has been verified by simulations.


ABSTRACT Cecil Roth was one of the leading British historians of Jewry of the twentieth century. During the 1930s he became directly involved in the work of communal defence and, in particular, in attempts to counter Nazi racist propaganda. Publications such as the Jewish Contribution to Civilisation directly engaged with the Nazis' accusation that Jews were culturally degenerate, often by claiming baptised Jews as part of the positive cultural legacy of Jewishness. Lawson's article is both an exposition and a critique of Roth's search for the 'Jewish genius', embodied by such historical characters as Baruch Spinoza, Benjamin Disraeli and even Karl Marx. It demonstrates that Roth's attempt to expose biological racism as a 'scientific monstrosity' actually involved his own knowing adoption and thus acceptance of the very category of 'race' that he sought to expose as fallacious. Ultimately Roth even developed a new racial construct, the 'Anglo-Jewish race', for the purposes of strengthening Jewish resolve and identity in England. That even those involved directly in the effort to undermine racism in the public sphere could not entirely escape its basic paradigm suggests the deep roots of race thinking in Britain in the first half of the twentieth century.


Constantine, whose main concern was Bulgaria, was persuaded to move to Epirus where Greek-Turkish hostilities continued. He was accompanied by his staff including Metaxas, who developed staff plans for the assault on Bizani; and by royal princes and nurses. His task was to reinvigorate the Greek army in Epirus which was bogged down in the siege of Bizani outside Janina. Venizelos visited him there, and received a positive account of the prospects from the staff. The two men had a near escape in a shelling incident. The fall of Bizani followed, as planned by Metaxas, and Janina was occupied, another success for Greek arms, opening up a route to Northern Epirus/Albania.


The paper presents a method of optical inspection of manufacturing processes in the visible band. The presented model of a test bench was based on a monochrome CCD camera that allows you to conduct research in the field of digital image analysis. The wavelet transform was proposed for the detection of objects and was compared with a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The article presents an analysis of the results of experiments for selected objects using the proposed method, allowing the evaluation of the correctness of classification. The paper also presents an analysis of the efficiency of the compared methods. In the article, the advantages of using the proposed method in the sample manufacturing process have been discussed.


The present invention discloses a visualization material test ambient temperature box, including a test box and an equipment box. The test box chamber comprises a top plate, a front side plate, a back side plate, a left side plate, a right side and a bottom plate in seal encirclement; the equipment box is provided with temperature control device capable of controlling the temperature of the test box; and the frameworks of the front side plate, the back side plate, the left side plate and the right side plate are mode of metal sandwich panel insulation board, and the rest parts are made of transparent heat insulation material. The present invention can meet the erection requirements of multiple angles and multiple cameras in digital image acquisition process, so the DIC equipment can observe the working status of the specimen in the ambient temperature box from different angles. The invention has great significance to fully grasp of the material properties and innovation and improvement of test methods by using advanced digital technology in material testing, research and evaluation process.


Completing an accurate phonetic transcription of a speaker of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) requires knowledge of the range of phonological features possible and the inherently variable nature of their actual use. This article summarizes AAVE phonological features from the perspective of phonetic transcription. Some features are relatively easy to transcribe with familiar the International Phonetic Alphabet base symbols (e.g., [bæf] for bath), whereas others may require the use of diacritics (e.g., [mæ] for man or [bæ:c] for bad). The importance of transcription detail when differentiating dialect variation from phonological delay or disorder is critical.


There are various theories about, and explanations of, the origin of the Mishnah. They are usually coloured by legend and tradition and attribute only the highest of motives to those untraceable authors who compiled the volume. One explanation of the origin of the Mishnah claims that in the last centuries before the tum of the era, midrashim were prepared to explain the unclear sections of the teachings in the Torah.1 In time, the quantity of such midrashim was such that a method of organising the material was required, and so, during the first two centuries CE, the code of oral law, the Mishnah, was prepared. And in order to make clear that the oral law was not monolithic, the disputes and disagreements that were included in the formation of the final opinion were gathered together in the Mishnah. Tradition states that the bulk of the organisation of the laws and their sub-divisions was carried out by R. Akiba,2 and that the compilation was completed near the beginning of the third century CEo Neusner sees the organising principle of the compilers as being neither abstract nor theological, but grounded in the needs of everyday life. These needs, he believes, have been organised in six sections: agriculture (including blessings and prayers), festivals,


MOOCs allow anyone, anywhere, to access high quality learning materials via online platforms. With a rise in online learning, and a growing recognition of how this can support continuing professional development in the education sector, in 2016, the GDST (The Girls' Day School Trust) became the first non-university education organisation in the UK to partner with the MOOC platform FutureLearn and launched its first course. This research paper outlines the history of MOOCS, how the GDST MOOC fits into this landscape, and how and why we created it. This paper will then go on to explore the challenges and opportunities of running an online course, before looking at how we are evaluating the first-run using qualitative and quantitative data.


Nutritional rickets most commonly presents between 6 and 24 months with skeletal findings, growth failure, developmental delay, tetany or seizures. Unusual presentations can occur. I report the case of a black child with nutritional rickets who presented with septic arthritis, an association not previously described and that may be related to the immunologic effects of vitamin D deficiency.


This paper discusses the systolic algorithm where the input and output are serial and the processing is performed in parallel (called serial-I/0, parallel-processing scheme). This paper considers the following three kinds of parallel algorithms which have been known as the algorithms for different problems: the palindrome recognizer, multiplication of binary sequences, and the pattern-matching algorithm. Based on these algorithms, a new systolic convolver is proposed which computes the convolution of two infinite sequences in real time. As an application of the systolic convolver, a systolic pattern-matching algorithm is proposed which is the fastest and the optimum among the presently known algorithms considering the constant coefficients. By the data-routing proposed in this paper, a clear design principle is formulated for the real-time systolic convolver, which greatly simplifies the proof for the validity and provides an easy understanding of the real-time systolic convolution algorithm.


Dynamic power management (DPM) plays a significant role to save the power consumption effectively in both design and operational phases of computer-based systems. Especially, it is well known that the state-dependent control policy by monitoring the energy state in each component or the whole system is efficient for power saving in server systems whose system state such as the number of transaction requests can be completely observed. In this paper we consider an optimal power-aware design in a cluster system and formulate the DPM problem by means of a Markov decision process. We derive the dynamic programming equation for the optimal control policy which maximizes the expected reward per unit electrical power, called the power effectiveness, and give a policy iteration algorithm to determine the optimal control policy sequentially. In a numerical example, we consider a cluster system with two service nodes and describe the arrival stream of the transaction request process by a Markov modulated Poisson process. It is shown that the optimal control policy maximizing the power effectiveness is given in the form of decision table.


A stand-alone system for assessing wound exudates from the wound of a patient is described. The system contains functionality to detect, process and report various wound parameters. The system also may make treatment determinations based on these findings. The system may detect one or more physiological values of the wound exudates from the wound of the patient. The system may also compare detected physiological values to predetermined physiological values, in order to obtain a comparison result in real time. The system may include a processor (15) which provides an electronic signal based on the comparison result in which the electronic signal may corresponds to guidelines for treating the wound (3). The system described may be an accessory, which may be used on its own, or in conjunction with other wound treatment devices (9).


PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing a metal oxide semiconductor transistor is provided to prevent impurities in a gate electrode from passing through a thin gate insulating layer to reach a semiconductor substrate, by uniformly doping impurities to a lower portion of the gate electrode at a low temperature or for a short interval. CONSTITUTION: A gate insulating layer(59) is formed on a semiconductor substrate(51) of the first conductivity type. An undoped polysilicon pattern is formed in a predetermined region of the gate insulating layer. A surface of the undoped polysilicon pattern and a surface of the semiconductor substrate near the undoped polysilicon pattern are formed. The resultant structure is heated to a predetermined temperature, and is exposed to an impurity gas containing impurities of the second conductivity type to form a gate electrode doped with the undoped polysilicon pattern while a lightly doped drain(LDD) region of the second conductivity type is formed on the semiconductor substrate near the gate electrode. A spacer is formed on a sidewall of the gate electrode. Impurity ions of the second conductivity type are injected into the semiconductor substrate by using the gate electrode and spacer as an ion injection mask, so as to form a high density source/drain region of the second conductivity type in the semiconductor substrate on both sides of the gate electrode.


The assessment of settlement induced damage on buildings during the preliminary phase of tunnel excavation projects, is nowadays receiving greater attention. Analyses at different levels of detail are performed on the surface building in proximity to the tunnel, to evaluate the risk of structural damage and the need of mitigation measures. In this paper, the possibility to define a correlation between the main parameters that influence the structural response to settlement and the potential damage is investigated through numerical analysis. The adopted 3D finite element model allows to take into account important features that are neglected in more simplified approaches, like the soil-structure interaction, the nonlinear behaviour of the building, the three dimensional effect of the tunnelling induced settlement trough and the influence of openings in the structure. Aim of this approach is the development of an improved classification system taking into account the intrinsic vulnerability of the structure, which could have a relevant effect on the final damage assessment. Parametric analyses are performed, focusing on the effect of the orientation and the position of the structure with respect to the tunnel. The obtained results in terms of damage are compared with the Building Risk Assessment (BRA) procedure. This method was developed by Geodata Engineering (GDE) on the basis of empirical observations and building monitoring and applied during the construction of different metro lines in urban environment. The comparison shows a substantial agreement between the two procedures on the influence of the analysed parameters. The finite element analyses suggest a refinement of the BRA procedure for pure sagging conditions.


The model of legal culture forming of future specialists of transport industry which in the process of study of legal disciplines is grounded. Pedagogical conditions at success of the process of legal culture forming of future specialists of transport industry will be attained are set forth.


The fairytale motif of the red shoes continues to fascinate many contemporary authors and artists. What inspires these obsessive and contagious narratives? The raw, unfettered femaleness of the red shoes, reminiscent of the pre-oedipal realm, suggests a means of escaping confining patriarchal conceptions of woman, desire and creativity.


We consider the modified simplex imbeddings method, which is related to the class of cutting plane methods. The main feature of this method is the convergence estimation, which depends only on the quantity of simplex vertices, that are cut off by the cutting plane. The more vertices are cut off the higher speed of method convergence. This estimation let us obtain the criteria of cutting plane choosing, that provide better speed of method convergence and form modification of simplex imbeddigs method. The modified method is applied to solving special class of convex non-differentiable problems. Then we describe the functions subdifferentials that are depend on several parameters. It let us form auxiliary problems for searching resulting cutting planes, that cut off as much vertices of simplex as possible and increase the speed of finding of optimal solution. The results of numerical experiment are also given in this paper.


Objective To study the situation of mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) resistance to antituberculosis drug in extracorpora.Methods Determine the resistance in extracorpora of 10 type antituberculosis drug with 840 strains MTB and 269 strains multidrug resistant tuberculosis(MDR TB) by method of absoluted concentration.Results Of 840 strains MTB,the highest resistant rate is RFP(43.8 %),the lowest is CPM(4.6 %).Of 269 strains MDR TB,the highest resistant rate is SM(74.6 %),the lowest is CPM(11.9 %).Conclusion Determining resistance of antituberculosis drug must be strengthened. Choosing reasonable and efficient therapy should depend upon the result of antituberculosis drug testing.


Google's recent decision to stop censoring its search results in China reflects the challenging position in which providers of information and communication technologies find themselves today. This Insight provides an overview of the debate about Google's provision of search services in China and describes the framework of corporate social responsibility that applies to Internet providers operating in countries that restrict expression online.


The main purpose of this study was to investigate the practices of social sustainability in selected Malaysian rural libraries. A qualitative approach was employed through the observations, interviews and reviews of documents related to the selected six (6) rural libraries involved in this study. This study concluded that all of the rural libraries involved in this study successfully implemented the social sustainability elements in their libraries.


Turkish politics due precisely to military tutelage. However, the author of this book offers a new perspective for the readership. The author uses archives from newspapers, parliamentary sessions, and legal documents between 1960 and 1983 to reveal that AKP's political predecessors, such as the National Outlook Movement and conservative Muslim figures – for example, renowned Turkish poet and author Necip Fazil Kısakurek – made public declarations to affirm the necessity of the military coup d'états (pp. 90, 115) for the future of the Turkish state. It is a prominent contribution of the book, as the author argues that a large spectrum of the Turkish intelligentsia, from left wing to right wing, as well as conservative religious groups, affirmed the necessity of the military coup d'état, and in so doing they have contributed to a constant reproduction of militarist discourse via internalizing the military's influence. The author limits his research period from 1960 to 1983. The year of 1960 is a milestone for Turkish politics since it is the year that the first military coup d'état occurred in Turkey. Moreover, after 1983 the military tutelage in Turkish politics entered into a trend of decline due to parliamentary elections and this trend has continued until the present. Since 1983, the militarization of Turkish politics has experienced various dynamics, such as armed conflict against the Kurdish insurgency, the rise of political Islam, and the end of the Cold War. However, if one would like to grasp the contemporary pattern of the militarist discourse both in the public and political life of Turkey, Ali Balcı's Militarist State Discourse in Turkey 1960–1983 is an essential starting point to understand the historically seeded roots of militarism in the country.


The policy of testing all blood donors for the presence of HBsAg has not succeeded in eliminating posttransfusion hepatitis. This is because the majority of cases are non-A, non- B (NANB) hepatitis; serologic tests for carriers of this disease are not available. The incidence of apparent NANB infection among blood recipients maybe as high as 10-12%. Recent studies suggest that blood donors with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels are more often associated with this infection in recipients. Implementation of donor ALT testing would result in a number of problems including attrition of the blood resource, difficulties in test standardization and interpretation, development of a rationale for donordeferral and counseling, and significant additional costs for provision of blood. There is a lack of information about the extent and severity of clinically significant posttransfusion NANB hepatitis. A careful analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of ALT testing should be completed before any measures are taken to develop policies in this area.


Problems of adequate mathematical models construction for rigid rotors of gas-transport and gas-turbines plants with the active radial and axial magnetic bearings with different power characteristics are considered. The offered analytical models can be put in the basis of simulations models which are intended for calculations of the dynamic stability for the different operations modes of rotors machines


A combined hydraulic integrated control valve block system includes pilot control valve group, control valve subassembly, combination of valve blocks which are connected with external part for installing the pilot control valve group and the control valve subassembly. The pilot control valve group includes multiple pilot control valves and the standard installation surface for the pilot valve is formed on the valve block. The control valve subassembly includes multiple two-way cartridge valve control subassemblies. The valve block is formed with one or two external installation surfaces, the inner side of which has P, T, A and B main channels and multiple pilot control channels.


This paper elaborates on the characteristics of CPCI bus real-time computer dual redundancy based on VxWorks operating system and makes a dual-redundant total design for a real-time computer from the view of increasing its system reliability.It achieves logic control of dual redundant real-time computer input and output interface with the combination of hardware and software,and gives the hardware and software frame for fault monitoring and intelligent switching.Finally,it discusses briefly the applications of CPCI bus real-time dual redundancy computer in automatic control system based on VxWorks operating system.


M ESOPOTAMIAN proverbs have been discussed thoroughly by Edmund Gordon, W. G. Lambert, and Bendt Alster,' but this speech genre has until now received scant attention from Hittitologists,2 possibly because of the scattered and uncertain nature of the relevant material in the Bogazkoy archives. The term "proverb" itself is somewhat problematic-everyone knows what a proverb is, but students of proverbs have yet to agree upon a definition.3 Here I will simply state with Alster that proverbs are sayings of "popular currency which express common knowledge in brief and concise form."4 For the scholar concerned with the texts of an extinct speech community, such as the Hittites, the chief difficulty lies in the determination of popular currency. In the absence of a folk among which to conduct research, there are four basic criteria by which to recognize proverbial material in a body of texts:' (1) a saying is included in a collection; (2) a saying is explicitly cited as such; (3) a saying is found in the same shape in different texts, that is, it exhibits "bound form"; and (4) a saying, if interpreted literally, appears out of place in its context. For example, the English proverb "the leopard cannot change its spots" is most often employed in nonzoological discussions.


RFE/RL Inc. had its administrative headquarters in Munich, Germany. Housed within the building complex were its news-gathering and evaluation activities, political research groups, programme production and broadcast studios, together with information services, publications and engineering, administration, planning and maintenance facilities.


Abstract Objectives to identify the terms that represent the human needs affected in chronic renal failure patients on hemodialysis; and to cross-map these terms with those already existing in the International Classification for Nursing Practice. Method a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, conducted between February and December 2021, a period in which an integrative literature review was prepared to survey the terms that represent the human needs affected in chronic renal failure patients on hemodialysis; then, we proceeded to the cross-mapping of these terms identified with the ICNP® terms 2019/2020 version. Results 1,946 terms were identified extracted from the articles that were part of the integrative review. After the normalization and standardization process, 689 terms were excluded, resulting in the subsequent composition of 1,257 terms, which were mapped with the terms of the International Classification for Nursing Practice 2019/2020 version. In the end, the term bank consisted of 626 constant terms and 631 non-constant terms. Conclusion and implications for practice relevant terms were identified for nursing practice in the care of chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis. The terms will help nurses to promote a systematized care, using an evidence-based practice.


From 1797 to 1997, in the evolution of a fragmentary, schematic way of representing the crowds in Spanish art from Goya to Antonio Saura —whether in painting or graphic work—, an unexpected Nordic visitor appears: Edvard Munch. In this paper I want to show that the Norwegian artist is essential for Antonio Saura to complete his way to expression through undefined crowds, treated as a whole (Multitudes series). The concept of crowds was already developed by Baudelaire, Nietzsche, Ortega (in his work The revolt of the masses,1930) or Benjamin. Thus, Edvard Munch becomes a necessary step between the work of Goya and Saura, a  step on a path that borrows concepts, ideas and images from other artists such as Ensor, Monet, Pollock, Bacon or Jorn: the moving crowd, a silently screaming mass made by undefined faces.


This article reports on the application of element-specific mapping using the Bremsstrahlung of a commercial broad spectrum X-ray source to map lighter elements (zirconium to tin) and heavier elements (tantalum to bismuth) individually within an image field. Grey level or image brightness has been obtained as a function of acceleration potential over a range of 15–75 kV for lighter elements and 55–150 kV for heavier elements at 1 kV intervals. Tikhonov regularisation was applied to the experimental grey level functions, using a model of the spectrum, to enhance spectral features associated with elemental K-edges. These features were then used to test for a specific element at all points within an X-ray image in order to map its presence over the whole image field. Hence it has been shown that it is possible to map specific target elements within an image, provided the grey level function over an appropriate energy range is known at all points. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract : The United States has invested more than $6.2 billion in the Afghan Ministry of Interior (MOI) and Afghan National Police (ANP). The Department of Defense's (Defense) Combined Security Transition Command-Afghanistan (CSTC-A), with the Department of State (State), leads U.S. efforts to enhance MOI and ANP organizational structures, leadership abilities, and pay systems. This report assesses the status of U.S. efforts to help Afghanistan do the following: (1) restructure MOI and ANP, (2) retrain ANP units, (3) screen MOI and ANP personnel, and (4) enhance MOI and ANP pay systems. GAO reviewed Defense, State, and United Nations (UN) data and met with officials in the United States and Afghanistan. GAO recommends that the Secretaries of Defense and State do the following: (1) provide dedicated personnel to support the creation of additional police mentoring teams to expand and complete the FDD program, and (2) consider provisioning U.S. contributions for police wages to reflect the extent to which U.S. agencies have validated MOI and ANP personnel. Defense concurred with the first recommendation and State noted it is prepared to recruit additional personnel. State concurred with the second recommendation but Defense asserted that it would unduly penalize MOI. GAO maintains that the recommendation could encourage greater ANP cooperation and help ensure that only legitimate personnel receive U.S.-subsidized wages.


The appearance of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) is a turning point in language education and has the characteristics of online and open language learning access and massiveness. However, it is too early to discuss about a successful language MOOC model. Based on the characteristics of a successful language learning environment it is though obvious that the educational philosophy of connectivist MOOCs is closer to the Language Learning's general philosophy (Perifanou, 2014a). Specifically, it supports the idea that a language is more than just the code: it involves social practices of interpreting (Scarino & Liddico, 2009) and promotes social interactions of language students through contextualized practice with native speakers. But what is the impact of this new educational reality on teaching and learning a Foreign Language and how could language teachers provide an efficient support to language learners combining collaborative and personalized learning? Is there any MOOC system/platform that is based on an adequate educational model for successful language learning and teaching? How PLEs & MOOCs can be connected in a Language Learning Context? In the following paragraphs this paper will try to answer these questions with specific proposals but will first present the different MOOC pedagogical models that are generally used, the current situation of Language MOOCs as well as their general teaching and learning philosophy. Then, the paper will analyze the key characteristics of a successful online language learning environment and it will explain how adaptive and personalized learning connected to collective learning could offer an efficient language learning experience. Next, it will propose the design of a language MOOC platform that supports adaptive and personalized language learning that emphasizes the building of Personal Language Learning Environments which promote autonomy, creativity, social interaction and collaboration. At the end, the author will draw some first conclusions and will share the next steps of her on going research.


We discuss how asymptotic quantities, originally introduced on null infinity in terms of Bondi-type gauge conditions, can be calculated near space-like infinity to any desired precision.


While undocumented immigrants have standing to sue in state and federal courts in the United States, the number of legal cases dealing with the question of measuring damages awards is limited. Although the approaches taken by courts differ widely, a common past approach has involved foreclosing damages recovery to undocumented workers. Some courts, however, have allowed damages awards based on wages in the undocumented worker's country of origin. As the issue of how to correctly estimate damages of undocumented workers arises going forward, it is reasonable to expect that forensic economists will be required to estimate damages awards based on foreign wages. As an effort to equip forensic economists with the tools to conduct such estimates, this paper addresses the issue for the case of Mexican undocumented workers. First, the paper reviews developing case law on the subject. Second, based on official sources, time series data on interest rates and Mexican annual wages by industry since 1980 are investigated and reported. Third, the historical net discount rate (NDR) is discussed and proposed as a methodology to estimate damage awards. Fourth, NDR stability is discussed. The paper concludes by summarizing the findings and offering concluding comments.


Inflammation is associated with several chronic diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Because dietary choices may impact chronic inflammation, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was developed to assess the inflammatory potential of the diet. Using the DII, this study examined the association of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and diet in patients with CKD and T2D.

 Baseline three-day food records were obtained from 241 participants in a lifestyle intervention study, and analyzed using Nutrition Data System for Research (2014). DII scores were calculated, with higher scores suggesting a more pro-inflammatory diet. Participants were dichotomized into an anti-inflammatory diet (AID; DII < 0; n = 118) or pro-inflammatory diet (PID; DII ≥ 0; n = 123) group, based on DII score. CVD risk factors included estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), C-reactive protein (CRP), systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, pulse wave velocity, fasting lipids (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides), and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C). Independent two sample t-tests assessed differences in CVD risk factors between groups.

 Participants were 50% male, 88% non-Hispanic, 66% white, and 65 ± 9SD years of age with a mean body mass index of 33.7 ± 5.1SD kg/m2. Approximately 51% of the participants followed a diet that would be considered pro-inflammatory. Participants in the AID group had a higher eGFR (AID: 75 ± 21SD mL/min/1.73m2, PID: 68 ± 20SD mL/min/1.73m2; p = 0.017) compared to the PID group. No significant differences were found between groups for the other CVD risk factors (CRP, systolic BP, diastolic BP, pulse wave velocity, fasting lipids [total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides], and HbA1C).

 Participants reporting an AID had a higher eGFR than those reporting a PID. Contrary to expectations, other CVD risk factors did not differ between groups. Additional research should examine the role of an AID, emphasizing whole grains, fruits, vegetables, fatty fish, nuts, and legumes, for disease management in patients with CKD and T2D.

 Supported by NIH RO1 DK100492.


An increasing percentage of students entering postsecondary institutions are working at least part‐time and balancing multiple identities, responsibilities, and demands on their time and resources. As student demographics change, postsecondary institutions must rise to meet these students where they are. Two effective ways to do that include Competency‐based Education (CBE) and Credit for Prior Learning (CPL), methods by which students are able to leverage what they have already learned outside of a traditional classroom. This article explores the benefits of these tools, particularly CPL, to both students and institutions, using evidence from research. Among these benefits are reduced time and expense, higher degree completion rates, and increased student confidence and self‐efficacy. This research also acknowledges equity considerations of CPL and CBE, including efforts to expand the reach of these options to more working learners, as well as how these tools help establish stronger connections between learning and work.


An Australian process engineering consultancy is commercialising a novel process to produce charcoal, activated carbon and energy from replenishable wood resources. This article reports on a sustainable development that offers distinct commercial advantages to several industries.


On 16.02.2019 a symposium on human rights violations against people with mental illness, epilepsy and mental disability took place in the Gießhaus of the University of Kassel. The conference was organized by Aktionsnetz Heilberufe, financed by Amnesty International and simultaneously translated into two languages (English and German). Members of Amnesty International, representatives of NGOs and other interested parties were present, many from therapeutic professions.


Today, most of Government Organizational (GO) and Non Government Organizational (NGO) have taken advantages of Information Technology (IT) in order to support their business activities. PT. PLN (Persero) Salatiga as one of the government organizational does the same thing to its business processes, especially Customer Services Division which supported by the Centralized Customer Services Application. COBIT is an Information System (IS) standard control which is common and can be accepted and implemented by an organization. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of customer service information system, to see the effectiveness of the system contributed in the work environment of the company, using the COBIT framework. In this study, Deliver and Support domain was chosen as a parameter of the evaluation of information system performance. The result of this study is that the company has understood the importance of IT Management in the company business process. It is proven by the calculation of Maturity Level PT. PLN (Persero) Salatiga, particularly in the Customer Services Division that the average is on the level of Managed and Measurable.


The paper examines tax progressivity and income inequality using Census Bureau Current Population Survey (CPS) personal income data. The Kakwani index is used to derive tax progressivity for All, Male, Female, White and African American personal wage income of CPS respondents, respectively. The tax progressivity results show a tax system that is partly progressive and mostly regressive. Due to its regressive nature, the tax system did not display tax progressivity for the entire period under analysis for personal wage income respondents as well as when broken-down by race and gender in the United States for years 1996 to 2011.


At present, unconventional reservoirs require horizontal drilling and large-scale hydraulic fracturing technology to increase artificial fracture networks in the reservoir. Due to regional differences in geological characteristics, geomechanical properties and reservoir characteristics, the fracturing results are different under the same hydraulic fracturing conditions. In some regions, horizontal well groups with the same spacing have poor fracturing connectivity, and in some regions, the fracturing interference with each other seriously, which makes it impossible to extract oil/gas efficiently and achieve the optimal production capacity. Aiming at the fracturing interference problem of shale gas block in Sichuan province, the three-dimensional geomechanical models are studied. Using the geological structure, geological and geomechanical properties, natural fracture system and stress distribution data provided by the 3D comprehensive model, the dynamic coupling simulation between hydraulic fracturing and geomechanics of adjacent typical wells are carried out on the high precision model of typical platform. Considering reservoir heterogeneity, in-situ stress anisotropy, the interaction between hydraulic fractures and natural fractures, the interaction between hydraulic fractures and the distribution of hydraulic fracture network under the current main fracturing technology and process conditions are simulated. Based on hydraulic fracturing network parameters and morphology, reasonable horizontal well spacing is determined to ensure maximum fracturing effect without fracturing interference and improve shale gas productivity. The research results show that, The well spacing decrease while horizontal in-stress, horizontal stress difference increase. The well spacing increase while natural fracture development, fluid volume and cluster spacing increase.


Transparent polyurethanes(PUs)are the most important development direction of transparent polymeric materials because of their high transmittance,heat-resistance and regulated mechanical properties.The theoretical study and research orientations of transparent polyurethanes are introduced.The application and research progress for high-performance transparent polyurethanes are summarized.And finally,the future prospect and outlook of highperformance,functional transparent polyurethanes are also discussed.


i Acknowledgements ii Dedication iii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Background 4 Section a: Nonlocal Turbulent Transport 4 Section b: Lake Effect Snow 18 Chapter 3: Lake-ICE 21 Section a: Motivation for Field Project 21 Section b: 10 January 1998 22 Chapter 4: University of Wisconsin-Madison Nonhydrostatic Modeling System 26 Section a: Local Diffusion Scheme 27 Section b: Nonlocal Diffusion Scheme 31 Section c: Depth of Boundary Layer 34 Chapter 5: Simulations 39 Section a: Experiment Design 39 Section b: Coarse Resolution 43 Section c: Nonlocal Transport at Coarse Resolution 50 Section d: High Resolution with Nonlocal Diffusion 58 Section e: Addition of Land Upstream 63 Section f: Nonlocal Transport of Moisture 66 Chapter 6: Conclusions and Future Work 70 Section a: Conclusions 70 Section b: Future Work 72 Chapter 7: References 74 Appendix I: Variable Step Topography 79