A spectrophotometric procedure for the determination of isoniazid and a number of its pharmaceutical preparations has been developed that offers advantages of simplicity, speed, sensitivity and stability indication over the official BP (1980) method. The proposed method is based on the formation of a green condensation product by the reaction between isoniazid and 6,7-dichloroquinoline-5,8-dione in an alkaline aqueous ethanolic medium. At the maximum absorption of 645 nm, Beer's law is obeyed in the range 2–25 µg ml–1. The structure of the condensation product was confirmed by ultraviolet, infrared and microanalysis data and the mechanism of the reaction is discussed. Congenial drugs, common carbohydrates and excipients used as additives in pharmaceutical formulations did not interfere in the proposed method. The method can be used as a selective stability-indicating assay of isoniazid.


: A field experiment had been conducted during spring season of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 at Regional Research Sub-station of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Raghunathpur, Purulia, West Bengal with the objective to study the effect of micronutrient application with different sources of NPK on growth and productivity of finger millet. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with two main plot treatments (sources of NPK, F 1 : 100% recommended dose of NPK (RDF) i.e., N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O, 40:20:20 kg/ha, F 2 : 75% RDF + 2.5 t/ha farmyard manure (FYM)) and six subplot treatments (method and dose of micronutrient application, M 1 : ZnSO 4 at a rate 12.5 kg/ha as soil application, M 2 : ZnSO 4 at a rate 0.5% as foliar spray, M 3 : borax at a rate 10 kg/ha as soil application, M 4 : borax at a rate 0.5% as foliar spray, M 5 : ZnSO 4 at a rate 12.5 kg/ha + borax at a rate 10 kg/ha as soil application and M 6 : ZnSO 4 at a rate 0.5% + borax at a rate 0.5% as foliar spray) with three replications. The results of the experiment indicated (from pooled data) that there was a significant influence of sources of NPK and application of micronutrients on growth and performance of finger millet. The highest grain yield (2.24 and 2.30 t/ha) was recorded by 2.5 t/ha FYM + 75% RDF in combination with ZnSO 4 at a rate 0.5% + borax at a rate 0.5% foliar spray. So, organic and inorganic combination of NPK (75% RDF + 2.5 t/ha FYM) along with foliar application of both the micronutrients (Zn and B) together can boost up the yield and could be recommended for the cultivation of finger millet crop in red and laterite zone of West Bengal.


Questions about the safety of youth tackle football, its intimate association with American schools, and its existence as a form of entertainment for adults are as old as the game itself. This book examines the history of debates over the safety of youth football—not only changing medical understandings of the sport's health effects but also the social and cultural attitudes that shaped those understandings. With its focus on safety debates, No Game for Boys to Play provides a bridge between sports history and public health history, examines the values and beliefs animating the development of one of America's most popular activities for boys, and considers how football's effects on children's bodies came to be framed as a matter of public health and well-being.


This paper proposes a simplified analytical machine sizing procedure for a three-phase surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machines appropriate for both system level analysis and preliminary machine design. For system-level analysis, the proposed method can generate candidate machine models, be used to check if proposed performance values for a machine in a system level design problem are feasible or be integrated into a system-level optimization considering power electronics, passives, and machine. In machine design, the advantage of an analytical process over FEA is its computational efficient nature, capable of quickly generating numerous candidate designs across a wide search-space. Selected designs can be further refined using more computational intensive methods such as FEA, CFD, and machine design software. Outputs of the sizing procedure include, mass, volume, efficiency, slot and rotor geometry, winding dimensions, stator resistance, stator inductance, magnet flux linkage, air gap width, magnet thickness, and steady state thermal results. The sizing procedure is validated using 2D electromagnetic solver FEMM, and machine design software Motor-CAD.


Pulsed light is a new type of non thermal sterilization technology. This article deals with sterilization methods used in food processing and the main existent problem. The author expounds on the principle, characteristics of the sterilization technology of pulsed light and its applications in food processing, as well as the application prospect of this technology in food processing and preservation.


A study was conducted to assess the suitability of different larval feeds for larvae/fry of climbing perch, Anabas testudineus . The experiment was designed on completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments, each with 3 replications. Four different feeds were tested. The feeds was assigned to different treatments viz . T 1 (Artemia nauplii ), T 2 (tubificid worms), T 3 (rotifer powder) and T 4 (zooplankton). The experiment was continued for a period 28 days. Induced bred larvae (9-day old) were used in the experiment. The water quality variables such as temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, total hardness, free ammonia, etc. were found within acceptable limit of larval rearing. The larvae fed tubificid worms had significantly highest (P<0.05) growth (percent length gain 237.80±2.09, percent weight gain 2040.10±17.82, specific growth rate 13.61±0.01) and survival (61.0±2.0%), followed by Artemia nauplii , zooplankton and rotifer powder. Therefore, tubificid worms may be suggested for feeding climbing perch larvae upto stockable size.


The present invention relates to a novel method for preparing slow breaking asphalt slow set emulsifier, comprising the following steps: 1) long-chain aliphatic amines and chlorinated aliphatic alcohol added to the reaction vessel, then added to an alcoholic solvent, stirred to give hydroxyalkyl-substituted long chain fatty amine intermediate solution; 2) adding a tertiary aliphatic amine with hydrogen chloride to the reaction vessel, to obtain the tertiary amine hydrochloride solution, then epichlorohydrin was added to a solution of the tertiary amine hydrochloride, the reaction was stirred to give a solution of a quaternary ammonium salt intermediate; 3) was added dropwise a solution of quaternary ammonium salt intermediate = hydroxyalkyl-substituted long chain fatty amine intermediate solution, and stirred to give slow breaking asphalt slow set emulsifier. Advantageous effects of the invention: having a strong emulsifying capacity, good adhesion properties, adaptability to aggregate, asphalt emulsion fine uniform, good storage stability and flexibility advantages emulsifier molecular structure design, is widely asphalt emulsion a class of emulsifiers used.


With the rapid economic growth and the development of transportation in China in recent two decades, the number of motor vehicles in China keeps increasing at an annual rate of approximately 13%. The air pollution related to traffic has become the focus of attention and the air pollution pattern in some large cities in China has been shifting from the coal-burning pollution to that mainly from the traffic. The traffic pollution deteriorates the environment and has been related to an increased risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in the population. The state of automobile exhaust pollution and the related health effect in the urban areas of China was discussed in the present paper.


As a national hero, Ki Hajar Dewantara has contributed to many fields such as culture, education, the state system, politics, and art. The changes he has made on his name from Raden Mas Suwardi Suryaningrat into Suwardi Suryaningrat and finally into Ki Hajar Dewantara shows how greatly he has sacrificed in his struggle for his country's independence and development. Particularly in the educational field, through Taman Siswa, Ki Hajar Dewantara has given very great contributions to the development ofIndonesian human resources. He has implanted as an investment the basic characteristics of modem education that he has unearthed from the treasury of his country's tradi . tions in combination with methods and theories originating. abroad. The conceptions made through Taman Siswa are ofgreat use in anticipating the country's mental degradation and national disintegration.


............................................................................................................................................ 56 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 57 Materials and Methods ...................................................................................................................... 58 Results.. ............................................................................................................................................. 71 Discussion ......................................................................................................................................... 82 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 87 References ......................................................................................................................................... 88 Supplementary Information .............................................................................................................. 94 Chapter 4: Application of the Miniplex SNaPshot assay and the 124-SNP hybridisation enrichment assay to degraded human DNA ...................................................................... 109 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 112.......................................................................................................................................... 112 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 113 Materials and Methods .................................................................................................................... 114 Results.. ........................................................................................................................................... 118 Discussion ....................................................................................................................................... 141 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 146 References ....................................................................................................................................... 147 Supplementary Files ........................................................................................................................ 151 Chapter 5: The Historical Australian DNA Database ...................................................... 159 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 162.......................................................................................................................................... 162 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 163 Materials and Methods .................................................................................................................... 167 Results.. ........................................................................................................................................... 171 Discussion ....................................................................................................................................... 177 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 182 References ....................................................................................................................................... 183 Supplementary Information ............................................................................................................ 189 Chapter 6: General Discussion and Conclusion ................................................................ 203 Introduction and Thesis Summary .................................................................................................. 204 Significance ..................................................................................................................................... 206 Broader Applications ...................................................................................................................... 211 Limitations and Recommendations for Future Directions .............................................................. 214 Concluding Remarks ....................................................................................................................... 223 References ....................................................................................................................................... 224


Abstract : With the possibility that Communist or Communist-dominated coalition governments could be elected in certain countries of Western Europe, it is important to consider the implications for the Atlantic Alliance and the defense of Western Europe. France is alone among the NATO Allies in possessing both an independent nuclear strike force (FNS) and a Communist party with the prospect of playing a key role in a coalition government Historically, the parties of the French Left have been opposed to the FNS and the Atlantic Alliance. Therefore, it was an intriguing volte-face when the Parti Communiste Francais (PCF) announced, prior to the 1978 French General Assembly elections, that it no longer opposed the FNS. The author probes beneath the rhetoric to reveal inconsistencies and contradictions inherent in the PCF positions on the FNS and the co-related issues of force structure, deterrence strategy, and the French role in the Atlantic Alliance. Despite PCF claims of acting in the French tradition of independence, he argues that PCF positions on the various issues serve the interests of the USSR to such an extent that implementation of PCF policies would neutralize the French nuclear force and seriously impair the stabilizing effect of NATO.


Abstract
 This essay focuses on the competing representational projects of poet and emperor as represented (or polemically misrepresented) in Ovid9s poetry. I begin by developing two readings of the famous weaving contest of Metamorphoses 6, the first emphasizing Arachne9s will to truth (her exposee of Olympian injustice), the second her will to power (her appropriation of Olympian potency). With these models in mind, I explore the vicissitudes of Ovid9s rivalrous identification with Augustus in the Tristia, ending with some unhappier
 implications of this identification, and with some reflections on the question of the reality of Ovid9s exile.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse student performance and perceptions when a flipped classroom setting is used, in comparison with the traditional model.

Design/methodology/approach
The inverted learning model or "flipped classroom" is a pedagogical approach that attempts to reverse the traditional teaching and learning process, making the student the protagonist of their own learning, and is characterised by the theoretical contents being taught "outside the classroom", allowing students to spend more class time carrying out other types of more practical activities that encourage much more active learning, such as enquiry exercises, problem solving, collaborative projects and so on. The study was conducted on a biology course of the Primary Education Bachelor's Degree during the 2017/2018 academic year (n = 240).

Findings
The results revealed that better learning outcomes were achieved by students when the flipped classroom methodology was proposed. It has also been found that student perceptions of the teaching approach were more positive when the flipped model was followed. The flipped classroom methodology also seems to foster student participation and motivation more effectively than traditional teaching formats, mainly because the active learning activities that are carried out in this new educative approach manage to involve the students in their own learning processes.

Originality/value
Despite the enhanced popularity of flipped classroom research in multiple educational contexts and the growing number of studies published in recent years, there is little empirical evidence regarding the effect of the flipped classroom on learning outcomes and satisfaction in pre-service teachers.


Abstract We consider i.i.d. samples of size n with continuous parent distributions and finite variances. Klimczak and Rychlik (2004) provided sharp bounds for the variances of kth record values in population variance units. The bounds are expressed in terms of the maximum of an analytic function over interval (0, 1). We prove that there exists a point x = x(k, n) such that the function strictly increases in (0, x) and strictly decreases in (x, 1). Consequently the maximum point is unique and it is the zero of the function derivative. We solve this problem for and n ⩾ 1 applying the variation diminishing property of the power functions.


This paper presents a simulation method to estimate the energy consumption of Web search engine processors. Web search engines are complex systems operating over large clusters of processors devised manage highly dynamic and unpredictable user query bursts. However, their computations present well defined patterns which makes it possible to predict performance in an accurate manner. The proposed method is based on the Multi-BSP model to capture the hardware costs and it includes an energy consumption model which considers hardware parameters, dominant cost operations and user queries.


In view of the voltage violation problem caused by the electric vehicle accessing to the distribution network, this paper proposes a two-stage optimal operation strategy of the distribution network considering the orderly charging and discharging of electric vehicles. According to the change of the load curve of a distribution network, the membership function is used to divide the electricity price, and an orderly charging strategy for electric vehicles based on time-of-use electricity price is proposed; A two-stage optimization model of distribution network based on rolling optimization scheduling is established. In the first stage, the charging plan of electric vehicles is determined with the minimum charging cost of users as the optimization objective; Based on the results of the first stage optimization, the second stage optimization goal of minimizing the network loss of the distribution network is achieved by controlling the power of the intelligent soft switch. Aiming at the original nonlinear optimization problem, the optimization model is linearized by the piecewise linearization principle of circular and quadratic terms. The validity and feasibility of the model are verified by an example.


Reinforcement of building structure is the most economical and environmentally friendly method to solve the safety problems of existing building structures. However, in existing building structure reinforcement projects, due to many factors such as design, construction technology, materials, etc., various project quality problems will appear, threatening people's lives, property safety and social stability. Therefore, we must pay attention to the quality and safety management of building structure reinforcement projects.


A series of new interconnect technologies are emerging on the market, HyperTransport PCI-Express, Infiniband and 10 Gigabit Ethernet. Some are very interesting as cluster interconnects and others not at all. A description is made of methods to use this cluster oriented interconnects in different ways. In order to adapt easily to existing clusters the term of Macro-Clusters is introduced to define small sub-clusters with a defined function that can be used independently or coupled to large cluster networks. Some notice is given on how to interconnect hardware and software of the different technologies and some remarks about cost performance relations are included. In the Appendix test results are mentioned for bandwidth and connections to the CERN storage system.


SiC nanopowder, polycarbosilane and divinylbenzene mixed slurries were prepared for viscosity measurement, which were used as matrix source of ceramic matrix composites. Results showed that apparent viscosity of the slurries increased with the increase of the content of SiC particles. The slurries with 50 nm SiC particles showed a low viscosity as compared with those slurries with 20 nm or 120 nm SiC particles at the same content of SiC. In particular, when the viscosity of slurry was higher than 30 mPa•s, the slurry could not be used in the test. Three-dimensional carbon fiber (3D-Cf) preforms were infiltrated with the aforementioned slurries. Addition of the nanoSiC powder as the inert filler in the slurries led to reduce the porosity and the infiltration–curing–pyrolysis cycles to manufacture 3D-Cf/SiC composites by the subsequent polymer impregnation and pyrolysis (PIP) process. Characterizations of the composites showed that the maximum flexural strength of specimen in the composites was 326 MPa and its fracture toughness was 10.5 MPa•m1/2.


Nowadays, wireless accesses are demanded with new applications, but they generate many technical issues. Moreover, the issues related to the beyond fifth generation (5G) wireless networks can be tackled using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) schemes. Due to the huge growth of wireless users, this scheme exists with some technical challenges. An enhanced radio access technology is required to tackle the technical constraints of upcoming 5G wireless network applications. Nowadays, the generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) scheme is exploited by wireless networks because of their benefits like spectral efficiency, low latency, and out‐of‐band (OOB) emission. In this paper, a linear constellation precoded GFDM with interleaved quadrature index modulation (LCP‐GFDM‐IQIM) scheme is proposed to harvest extra diversity gain by spreading the information symbols in‐phase/quadrature component. Also, in‐phase/quadrature (I and Q) dimensions are explored in index modulation (IM). Both theoretical and simulation analysis shows that the proposed LCP‐GFDM‐IQIM scheme achieves better spectral efficiency and energy efficiency as compared to the existing methods.


A woman model standing on a staircase wearing a garment shown in the Benson and Hedges Fashion Design Awards in 1971. The garment is made of a coarsley woven material and consists of "hot pants" and a hooded overgarment open in the front. She is standing on a patterned carpet with curtains in the background. Photographed by an unknown photographer in 1971.
Quantity: 1 b&w original photographic print(s).
Physical Description: Silver gelatin print, 5.5 x 5.5 cm


A language program is a delicate and intricate system of interacting resources or components, which, like a biological ecology, is in a constant state of evolution and change. The interactive system making up the program's internal culture is connected ecologically to the external environment. The ecological model is introduced as a useful perspective on a language program, with examples given of the impact of change on program structure and functioning and of the interlocking decision areas for program development. Faculty are central to the culture, operation, and decision-making of the language program ecology and have a key role to play in interacting with changing student populations and other areas of program change.


Institut CERAC has been involved in optical metrology and 3-dimensional surface control for the last couple of years. Among the industrial applications considered is the on-line shape evaluation of machined parts within the manufacturing cell. The specific objective is to measure the machining errors and to compare them with the tolerances set by designers. An electro-optical sensing technique has been developed which relies on a projection Moire contouring optical method. A prototype inspection system has been designed, making use of video detection and computer image processing. Moire interferograms are interpreted, and the metrological information automatically retrieved. A structured database can be generated for subsequent data analysis and for real-time closed-loop corrective actions. A real-time kernel embedded into a synchronisation network (Petri-net) for the control of concurrent processes in the Electra-Optical Inspection (E0I) station was realised and implemented in a MODULA-2 program DIN01. The prototype system for on-line automatic tolerance control taking place within a flexible machining cell is described in this paper, together with the fast-prototype synchronisation program.


The article considers the methodological approaches tо the definition of risk assessment of occupational risk,taking into account the analysis of occupational morbidity and class working conditions for individual professional groups.


Local government budget (APBD) is the annual financial planning of the local government in Indonesia that requires consent from the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) and is determined by regional regulation. One of the budgets is a fiscal balance which includes a revenue-sharing Fund (DBH), a general allocation fund (DAU), and a specific allocation fund (DAK). This study aims to analyze the role of funds allocation from the central government on the promptness of APBD establishment. The populations of this research were local governments in Central Java in periods 2014-2017. The data were obtained from the audit board (BPK) office and regional financial and asset management board (BPKAD) office in Central Java. This study is analyzed by logistic regression. The outcomes of this study indicated that DAK has a significant positive effect on the promptness of APBD establishment, whereas DAU and DBH have an insignificant negative impact.


We have compared detailed planktonic and benthonic foraminiferal carbon and oxygen isotope records from the Palaeocene and early Eocene successions at DSDP Site 577 (Shatsky Rise, North Pacific), a composite section derived from DSDP Leg 74 sites (Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic) and a composite section from ODP Leg 113 sites (Maud Rise, Weddell Sea). The δ13C records of Palaeocene and early Eocene Foraminifera at Site 577 and the Leg 74 sites show that an increase in δ13C values in surface waters at 64 Ma (end of Zone P1) resulted in increased vertical carbon isotope gradients (δ13C) between surface and deeper dwelling planktonic foraminifera, and between surface-dwelling planktonics and benthonic foraminifera which became progressively steeper until the iniddle Late Palaeocene (Zone P4). This steepening also occurs in the latest Palaeocene of the composite Leg 113 section and can be explained by an increase in surface ocean productivity. This increase in productivity probably resulted in an expansion of the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ).

Benthonic δ13C values increased during the late Palaeocene in Site 577 and the composite Leg 74 section, suggesting that the Palaeocene carbon isotope maximum was composed of both within-ocean reservoir (increased surface water productivity) and between-reservoir (organic carbon burial) ftactionation effects. The benthonic δ13C increase lags the surface ocean δ13C increase in the early Palaeocene (63–64 Ma) suggesting that surface water productivity increase probably led an increase in the burial rate of organic carbon relative to carbonate sedimentation. Moreover, inter-site δ13C comparisons suggest that the locus of deep to intermediate water formation for the majority of the Palaeocene and the earliest Eocene was more likely to have been in the high southern latitudes than in the lower latitudes.

Oxygen isotope data show a decline in deeper water temperatures in the early and early late Palaeocene, followed by a temperature increase in the late Palaeocene and across the PalaeoceneEocene boundary. We speculate that these changes in deeper water temperatures were related to the flux of CO2 between the oceans and the atmosphere through a mechanism operating at the high southern latitudes.


N-Ethyl(diethylphosphono)methylketen imine, a new type of keten imine, was easily prepared in high yield, and reacted with the sodium salts of salicylaldehyde and 2-formylpyrrole to afford the benzopyran and pyrrolizine derivatives, respectively.


The current study investigated the effects of feedstock type and pyrolysis temperature on the leaching of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr and Pb) from the biochar. The aim was to find out, which type of biochar would be best suited for soil improvement. Five types of feedstock were used: sewage sludge compost (SSC) (1); the biomass of unfertilized (2) and fertilized with SSC (3) willow (Salix sp. cultivar 'Tora'); the biomass of unfertilized (4) and fertilized with SSC (5) perennial mugwort (Artemisia dubia Wall.). It was found that the leaching concentrations of PTEs were higher of mugwort-based biochar in comparison to willow-based biochar. However, in the eluates of mugwort-based biochar, the biggest part of PTEs was bound in complexes with dissolved organic carbon. This means that PTEs in the eluates of mugwort biochar were less mobile and less toxic to soil organisms. PTEs leached from the biochar produced at a temperature of 700°C also were mostly in complexes with dissolved organic carbon. The leaching concentrations of PTEs were higher of the biochar produced from plants fertilized with SSC in comparison to the biochar produced from unfertilized plants (p < 0.05). It is difficult to predict how the process of leaching of PTEs from the biochar would take place if this biochar were to be introduced into the soil. There are many factors that can affect this. It was found that PTEs leaching concentrations of the biochar did not always depend directly on the total concentrations of PTEs in this biochar. However, it is likely that unfertilized plant-based biochar produced at 700°C temperature would be more suitable for soil improvement.


. We prove an essentially optimal large sieve inequality for self-dual Eisenstein series of varying levels. This bound can alternatively be interpreted as a large sieve inequality for rationals ordered by height. The method of proof is recursive, and has some elements in common with Heath-Brown's quadratic large sieve, and the asymptotic large sieve of Conrey, Iwaniec, and Soundararajan.


The potentials for conversion of the combustion systems of four boiler plants were examined for reasons of economy and environmental protection. Various domestic and imported solid fuels were also investigated alongside natural gas. The progress of the appraisal is discussed in detail in this article and recorded in tabular form. The result is also discussed


Agricultural systems are characterised by involving both natural and social systems. Organic farming, in particular, has developed as part of a wider organic movement incorporating producers, manufacturers and consumers. The organic movement is based on explicit rules as well as broader formulated principles and goals for farming and manufacturing, which are connected to underlying values and perceptions of the relationship between human and nature. This paper is concerned with the challenges to research entailed by the ethical issues in organic farming and the interplay of values and facts in agricultural research.


Siegfried Sassoon praised Isaac Rosenberg's 'genius' and T.S. Eliot called him the 'most extraordinary' of the Great War poets. Yet it is over thirty years since there has been a full-length biography of Isaac Rosenberg. This major reappraisal of his life and work by one of the First World War literature's leading authorities, Jean Moorcroft Wilson, is long overdue. Rosenberg dies on the Western Front in 1918 aged only twenty-seven, his tragic early death resembling that of many other well-known poets of that conflict. But he differed from the majority of Great War poets in almost every other respect - race, class, education, upbringing, experience and technique. He was a skilled painter as well as a brilliant poet. The son of impoverished immigrant Russian Jews, he served as a private in the army and his perspective on the trenches is quite different from the other mainly officer-poets, allowing the voice of the "poor bloody Tommy" to be eloquently heard. Jean Moorcroft Wilson focuses on the relationship between Rosenberg's life and work - his childhood in Bristol and the Jewish East End of London; his time at the Slade School of Art and friendship with David Bomberg, Mark Gertler and Stanley Spencer; his visit to Cape Town, where he was staying when war broke out in August 1914 and where he fell in love with the divorced wife of South Africa's future Prime Minister; and his harrowing life as a private in the British Army. This monumental new life is published to mark the 90th anniversary of his death. Based on all known Rosenberg material and a mass of important new discoveries, Dr Wilson's biography has been authorised by Rosenberg's family and written with their blessing and help. It is also beautifully illustrated, including some hitherto unseen self-portraits, bringing together for the first time all that is known of this outstanding poet-painter.


The invention relates to a hermetically sealed feedthrough (10) for video endoscope for carrying electric leads (22, 23, 36, 46, 56) from a first compartment into a second part space, in particular a distally disposed hermetically sealed housing in an endoscope shaft, comprising a partition (12) for hermetically sealing the two compartments, a method of manufacturing a hermetic feedthrough (10), a printed circuit board (20, 30, 31, 40, 50) and a surgical instrument. According to the invention is manufactured in a thin-film technology, in particular flexible, printed circuit board (20, 30, 31, 40, 50), in which the electrical lines (22, 23, 36, 46, 56) are embedded in a resin (33), with a plastics composition (24) poured into a mold and post-cured, the plastic mass (24), the partition (12) of the hermetic feedthrough (10).


This report describes design of and management in animal housings common in 2013 for the main livestock categories. These serve as reference to quantify the effect of measures to reduce ammonia emissions within the framework of the Dutch national program PAS (Programmatische Aanpak Stikstof) to reduce nitrogen deposition in The Netherlands


Objective To study the multivoxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H-MRS)findings in peritumoral area of human brain tumors and to investigate the value of multivoxel H-MRS in evaluating of peritumoral area 1 of brain tumors.Method A case-control experiment was performed from Dec.2007 to Sep.2008.Thirty-eight intracranial tumor patients were recruited in this study with 15 cases of gliomas,9 cases of metastases tumor and 14 cases of meningeomas.According to the classification criteria of WHO2000,15 cases of glioma were divided into low-grade group(Ⅰ~Ⅱ grade)and high-grade group(Ⅲ~Ⅳ grade).All patients were not receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy,and without injury or surgery before examination.Multivoxel proton MRS was performed orderly using point-resolved spectroscopy(PRESS)sequence.The ROI was selected according to the feature of the focal.Spectra of three voxels were taken from parenchyma of the tumors,peritumoral region and corresponding contralateral normal appearing white matter,and these regions were evaluated in every patient.The areas of skeleton,brain ventricle,blood vessel,necrosis,bleeding area,gas and calcification were excluded from the voxel.Post-processing was completed with spectral analysis software automatically.Metabolite change of parenchyma,peritumoral region and contra lateral normal appearing white matter in the spectrum was measured.Result In multivoxel H-MRS from the parenchyma of the lesion,the ratios of NAA/Cho,NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr 1 changed significantly by comparing with those of normal control brain tissues(P0.01).Ratios of NAA/Cho,NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr also showed significant differences in peritumoral areas among different brain tumors and between the low-grade gliomas and high-grade gliomas(P0.05).The low-grade gliomas and high-grade gliomas differed significantly in the ratios of Glx/Cr(P0.05).Conclusion Evaluation of peritumoral region of brain tumors with multivoxel H-MRS combining with 1 routine MRI scan may be useful in the diagnosis,differentiation,deciding the border of brain tumors and making the classification of glioma.


Under the background of the energy revolution, the energy structure is constantly optimized, the proportion of primary energy consumption such as fossil energy is continuing to decline, and low-carbon economy is an important trend of global economic development. However, coal power is the main power source positioning in the short term will not change. Therefore, we should constantly adjust the energy structure at the same time, strengthen the low-carbon use of primary energy, reduce carbon emissions. Reducing carbon emissions in the coal supply chain is an important measure under the "low carbon policy". Therefore, this paper mainly focuses on the coal supply chain carbon dioxide emissions research and analysis, discusses the main sources of carbon emissions and key factors, the construction of interpretation structure model for the analysis and ranking of nine major factors, and divide it into levels. Finally, according to the results of the analysis, some rationalization suggestions are put forward to the relevant enterprises in the coal supply chain to realize the low carbon development of coal supply chain network.


GaSb inversion-mode PMOSFETs with atomic-layer-deposited (ALD) Al2O3 as gate dielectric are demonstrated. A 0.75- μm-gate-length device has a maximum drain current of 70 mA/mm, a transconductance of 26 mS/mm, and a hole inversion mobility of 200 cm2/V ·s. The off-state performance is improved by reducing the ALD growth temperature from 300°C to 200°C. The measured interface trap distribution shows a low interface trap density of 2 × 1012/cm2·eV near the valence band edge. However, it increases to 1 - 4 ×1013/cm2 ·eV near the conduction band edge, leading to a drain current on-off ratio of 265 and a subthreshold swing of ~ 600 mV/decade. GaSb, similar to Ge, is a promising channel material for PMOSFETs due to its high bulk hole mobility, high density of states at the valence band edge, and, most importantly, its unique interface trap distribution and trap neutral level alignment.


Hypothesis: The aim of the present study was to assess the technical feasibility of minimally invasive volar plate removal following distal radius fracture. Material and methods: Three hundred and eighty-eight plates removed from 387 patients (357 females: mean age, 50 years) were assessed retrospectively. The incision used the primary minimally invasive approach and was closed after plate removal by intradermal continuous suture, without drainage or immobilization. Results: Mean scar size was 22.2 mm preoperatively, and the incision was 19.8 mm at start and 21.4 mm at end of procedure, these differences being non-significant. The scar was enlarged by accidental skin tear inimally invasive in 13 cases and intentionally by lancet in 11 cases. There were 29 screw-related complications, 1 bone crack without clinical impact, and 1 plate fracture. There were no postoperative complications. Discussion: The present results demonstrate the feasibility of removing a volar plate on the distal radius via a 20-mm approach. These findings should be confirmed on a future study comparing minimally invasive plate ablation and conventional approaches. © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.


Optical interference structures incorporating porous films are disclosed. These structures are capable of ex hibiting a color by interference effects caused by the interference of light reflected from various layers within the structure. Basically, the structures comprise a reflective substrate, a porous transparent dielectric film on the substrate and at least one semi-transparent layer supported by the porous dielectric film. The struc ture is such that there are at least two reflective surfaces separated by an optically thin porous layer of the dielec tric film. These structures can be formed by several methods, but the most convenient involves the porous anodization of a substrate metal (e.g. aluminum) to form the dielectric film and the deposition of a semi-transpar ent metal layer within the pores or on the film surface. The structures can be made inexpensively and are capa ble of generating strong and, if desired, dichroic colors. The porous nature of the film can also be exploited to create color shifts. The structures can be used for deco rative purposes or to create a wide range of indicators, sensors, security devices and the like.


và 2,5 kbp mã hóa cho các enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, aminoglycoside adenyltransferase, aminoglycoside N(6')-acetyltransferase và β-lactamase của các integron Abstract: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the presence of the integrons and characterise the gene cassette regions in E. ictaluri that causes bacillus necrosic of Pangasius on striped catfish ( Pangasianodon hypophthalmus ) in the Mekong Delta. By using PCR technique and gene sequencing, the finding identified 24/67 (35,82%) class 1 integron-positive E. ictaluri strains. Meanwhile, no class 2 and 3 integrons were detected in the study. Besides, our result also found many different gene cassette regions (0,65 kbp, 0,8 kbp, 0,95 kbp, 1,0 kbp, 1,2 kbp, 1,5 kbp and 2,5 kbp ) N(6')-acetyltransferase and β-lactamase enzymes resistant to different antibiotics in E. ictaluri . The presence of the mobile genetic elements (class 1 integrons) in E. ictaluri in this research showed the ability that bacteria can transfer antimicrobial resistance genes to other bacteria in the aquatic environment. Therefore, using antibiotics for disease prevention in aquaculture should be managed more strictly.


Wiper system in automobile has a potential to generate noises. These noises can be categories into three types namely squeal, chattering and reversal noise. The squeal noise or squeaky noise appears at frequency 1000 Hz, the chattering noise appears at frequency 100 Hz and lastly is the reversal noise appears at 500 Hz. These noises lead to poor visibility and annoying sound to the driver and passengers, respectively. This paper describes a control technique that it is capable to reduce the unwanted noise and vibration level in automobile windshield wiper system. In this research, the derivation of two dimensional mathematical model of wiper system is produced using Newtonian approach and MATLAB/Simulink is used to simulate and analyze the vibration response of the wiper system in time domain and frequency domain. In this simulation, an input shaping scheme has been introduced as the control strategy. The simulation result has been verified by comparing with the result obtained using numerical approach analysis. The result shows that input shaping technique can reduce the vibration level to 25 to 30 percents compare the model with conventional scheme.


To the Editor: Women after breast conservation surgery have a better quality of life with respect to body image than following modified radical mastectomy, though eventually as time elapses, coping skills are known to equalize these differences (1–4). Eligibility for breast conservation treatment (BCT) is decided based on standard criteria including the clinician's judgment of ''good cosmesis'' considering relative breast-tumor size ratio. The actual expectations and the final perception of the patient regarding her body image are really not clear at the time of such a decision. The appearance of breast is also known to change with gradual setting in of delayed fibrosis and eventual shrinkage in breast size as time elapses from surgery and after radiation therapy. This has a very important bearing on the overall quality of life over time after BCT. We carried out a prospective study to evaluate the differences in patients' self-perception of level of satisfaction with their body image following BCT in comparison with the clinician's appraisal of postconservation cosmesis over a period of time. The first assessment was made immediately after completion of adjuvant chemo-radiation therapy, followed up sequentially, at 6–12 monthly intervals follow-ups when the patient attended the breast clinic, until such time as she remained disease-free. A specially designed single-question questionnaire was served asking in simple terms to ''grade their level of satisfaction with breast appearance and feel after breast conservation therapy''. The observations were scored by the patient as four degrees of level of satisfaction namely ''very happy'' (VH), ''satisfied'' (S), ''acceptable'' (A), and ''dissatisfied'' (D). The clinicians' opinion of cosmetic end result after BCT was noted independent of the patient's observation and documented based on the JCRT criteria (5) scored as ''excellent'' indicating that the treated breast was identical to the untreated breast; ''good'' indicating treated breast was slightly different from the untreated breast; ''fair'', when the treated breast was clearly different from the untreated breast but not seriously distorted; and finally, ''poor'' indicating that the treated breast was seriously distorted. The comparative analysis was carried out with an a priori assumption that a ''very happy'' and ''satisfied'' mindset of the patient should correspond with an ''excellent'' and ''good'' cosmetic end-result as judged by the clinician. The Chi-squared test was applied to look for significance of the differences in observations by the patient and the clinician at various time intervals from surgery. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant for all the tests. McNemar test was used to test for changes in response between two related observations in same individual at two different time points. All observations were broadly compared in three categories as follows: (a) the first or baseline observation by patient and clinician in all patients (at whichever time of presentation since surgery); (b) the subsequent observations at 6 monthly intervals since surgery and adjuvant therapy; (c) linear time scale observations were also compared in the same patient in subsequent yearly visits to note gradual changes in perception of cosmesis over time compared to first baseline observation made at 6 months from surgery. The questionnaires were completed and collected prospectively in women who had undergone their breast conservation surgery during January 2001 to May 2006. In all, 1,964 women participated in the patients' self-assessment of body image and filled in 4,642 questionnaires at various time intervals. Similarly, in the clinicians' appraisal of cosmesis, 1,759 patients were evaluated and 4,087 observations recorded. Both assessments (patient self-assessment and clinician's appraisal) in the same patient was available in a subset of 652 patients at baseline (at completion of adjuvant therapy), 347 at visit 1 (after Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Dr. Vani Parmar, MS, DNB, Associate Professor, Division of Breast Services, Department of Surgical Oncology, Ernest Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India, or e-mail: email@example.com.


molecular clones ofHIV-1. Wehaveperformed alongitudinal analysis ofmolecular clones fromtheLTR/gag leader region amplified directly fromtheperipheral blood of fourpatients overthreeyears. We havefounda remarkable numberofpointmutations andlength polymorphisms incis- andtrans-acting regulatory elements within this cohort. Mostofthelength polymorphisms wereassociated withduplications ofSplandTCF-lasequences. Thesemutations wereassociated with awiderange oftranscriptional activities forthese genotypes inareporter geneassay. Mutations inconserved Splsequences correlated withadiminished capacity ofsuchgenotypes tobindpurified Splprotein. Although nogeneralized trend intranscriptional activity wasseen, asingle patient accumulated mutations inNF-KB, Spl,andTARelements overthisperiod. Theanalysis ofnaturally occurring mutations ofLTRgenotypes provides ameanstostudy themolecular genetic consequences ofvirus-host interactions andtoassess the


The first axially dissymmetric pyrroles, 4-methyl-3-(2′-methoxy-1′-naphthyl)pyrrole-2-carboxylates 1, were synthesized, characterized by X-ray crystallography and circular dichroism analysis, and applied to the first 'predetermined' synthesis of a chiral atropisomeric porphyrin with molecular asymmetry, (R,R,R,R)- and (S,S,S,S)- 2,7,12,17-tetramethyl-3,8,13,18-tetrakis(2′-methoxy-1′-naphthyl)porphyrin


Data processing is an essential part of college Physic experiments.By using Excel in the experiment-getting data from resistance measurement with voltammetry,and contrasting four methods of processing the data,this paper is to decide the most suitable method to do data processing.


I will talk about the helical spin order which arises in the thermodynamical equilibrium in a one-dimensional (semi)conductor with spin impurities (e.g., nuclear spins, or spins of localized magnetic impurities). The helical order in localized spins is a consequence of the dimensionality, and thus very general, arising in metals, semiconductors, and even gapped phases, like superconductors.

I will show that the order follows from the resonant peak of the response (spin susceptibility) of a one-dimensional system. I will discuss recent low temperature transport experiments with semiconducting wires which suggest that such helical order was established in nuclear spins of atoms of the wire.

I will explain how such a helical order can be useful in the semi-super hybrid platform to stabilize Majorana fermions and to produce even more exotic many body excitations like fractionally charged fermions and parafermions.


This chapter evaluates whether austerity can be interpreted as a continuation of an established neoliberal ideology or as a not-to-be-wasted opportunity that is unique to a particular era in time. Using the case of the Irish Non-Profit Voluntary and Community Sector (NPVCS), it draws on a qualitative-based empirical study within the sub-sector of Physical and Sensory Disabilities, built around two principal service providers. The chapter argues that government funding and service-level agreements created the conduit for New Public Management (NPM)-orientated thinking and practices to enter the sector and exert downward pressures on how it manages people and work. Coincidentally, this conveniently aligned with austerity ideology and gave new impetus to NPM. The findings show strong evidence of NPM-orientated changes in work and human resources management, propelled by strong isomorphic pressures that had accelerated and intensified during the era of austerity. The study uses the explanatory lens of institutional theory and labour-process theory to explicate how the state–NPVCS relationship became institutionalized through the isomorphism of NPM and how austerity reinforced and expedited this process.


At the beginning of system development system engineering has to ensure that the goals given by the customer will be met at the end of development. All system aspects have to be considered in a coherent manner. Properties and interfaces can be expressed in a manner human beings can understand in case of e.g. mechanical structures or electrical circuits. However, system operations do not have a physical shape. Hence it is difficult to understand what a system will really do before components are integrated and a system is in operation. Therefore the goal of the OMBSIM study (1) was to define an approach (called EaSyVaDe: Early System Validation of Design) for early validation of system operations, i.e. validation at the beginning of a development lifecycle. System operations are identified by specification, represented by a design, and provided by hardware and software. Their services must be available right in time and they must correctly interact over time. Also, they must ensure that a system is dependable and remains it in case of non-nominal conditions. A system's feedback is the "shape" which we need to assess whether a system fulfills a user's needs or not. Such a feedback must be provided in an understandable manner by executable hardware and software components in order to be able to prove a system's correctness and completeness for all such aspects during specification and design. In the OMBSIM project it was decided to use SDL for implementation of executable behavioural models during specification and design. This allows to prove correctness of operations either by execution of operational scenarios or by automated analysis of state transitions. To cover performance and resource aspects and to introduce a system's architecture performance models are used in addition. As SDL is a formal language w.r.t. interfaces and behaviour tools can support the verification process. The coherent use of SDL for specification and design allows a consistent transition from specification to design and from design to specification when refining a system's hierarchy. Moreover, a model represents a system property, not hardware or software. The hardware-software trade-off can be postponed to a later time. System development can be done more coherently. There is no need for separate lifecycles for hardware and software right from top level. This development approach has been applied to an excercise and first results are available now. Mapping of the methodology onto the tool environment had to be defined. Decisions had to be made how the correct behaviour can be specified and how the architecture and hardware properties have to be introduced when making the transition from specification to design. Subcontracting can be eased if it is accepted that such models serve as contractual specifications and entities instead of informal textual requirements.


Stress-ribbon bridges are very slender structures used mainly for pedestrian and cycling traffic. Nowadays most deck slabs on stress-ribbon bridges are made of precast concrete segments eliminating usage of scaffolding and reducing cost of human labour. Main building components of bridge deck are bearing cables, concrete plate segments and cables for additional prestressing. Simplified design procedure for one span stress-ribbon bridge defined in Japanese Standards for Design of Stress-Ribbon Bridges is based on theory developed by prof. Eibl (Eibl et al., 1973.) He neglected different heights of bridge abutments and real length of bridge deck. This paper describes preliminary static design procedure for one span post-tensioned stress-ribbon bridge taking into account real length of structure and different heights of abutments. Main goal of defined procedure is to achieve desired shape of bridge deck under dead load and to optimize the number of bearing and post-tensioning cables.


A fast decoupled algorithm for time domain simulation of power electronics circuits is presented. The circuits can be arbitrarily configured and can incorporate feedback amplifier circuits. This simulation algorithm is performed for the input series output parallel connected 2 switch forward converter. Steady state and large signal transient responses due to a step load change are simulated. The simulation results are verified through experiments.


Inscriptions carved in a rock on the Greek island of Thera and dating from the 6th or 7th century BC have homosexual contents. Originally considered a testimony to ritual sacred acts, they were described by Marrou (1956) and Dover (1978) as vulgar pornographic graffiti. Arguments against this view and in favor of the formal ritual interpretation are proposed. A final explanation is suggested, conforming to local customs and the general conceptions of ancient Greek boy-love.


In the oral literature of American Indians,the trickster at once plays the role of creator and culture hero,and appears as a marginalized,solitary wanderer and a violator of social moral norms.Notorious for being lascivious,gluttonous, arrogant,disobedient,greedy,cruel,reckless,lazy,clever,tricky and many other vices and follies,it is punished,more often than not,for the trickery it commits.The multi-faceted figure of the Indian trickster embodies Indian cosmology which views harmony,balance and unity as the most ideal state;it also epitomizes Indian humor that is the mainstay of Indian life.By way of teasing and satirizing the trickster figure,the trickster stories accomplish the instructive function of American Indian oral literature in the laughter of the audience,thus not only ensuring the continuance of the tribal cultural heritage from generation to generation,but also enabling tribe members to accept and identify with the Indian social moral norms.


Information disparity is a major challenge with multilingual document collections. When documents are dynamically updated in a distributed fashion, information content among different language editions may gradually diverge. We propose a framework for assisting human editors to manage this information disparity, using tools from machine translation and machine learning. Given source and target documents in two different languages, our system automatically identifies information nuggets that are new with respect to the target and suggests positions to place their translations. We perform both real-world experiments and large-scale simulations on Wikipedia documents and conclude our system is effective in a variety of scenarios.


Cx40 Distribution in Goat Atrial Fibrillation. Introduction: Since altered expression of gap junction proteins (connexins) in diseased myocardial tissue may lead to abnormal electrical coupling between cardiomyocytes and hence contribute to arrhythmogenesis, the expression of connexin(Cx)40 and Cx43 was studied in atrial appendage from goats in sinus rhythm (SR) and persistent atrial fibrillation (AF).


The clinical, radiographic and physiological features, and progression rates of forty unselected patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) have been studied in relation to serum immune complexes measured by a C1q binding technique. Twenty (50%) had levels greater than normal. Those with associated connective tissue disorders (twenty‐four) had a higher frequency of raised C1q binding than those with 'lone' CFA (sixteen) (63% compared to 31%). As observed previously in this group, those with associated disorders also had higher titres of immune complexes. Twelve of thirteen with polyarthritis had immune complexes and a considerably shorter duration of disease compared with those without joint symptoms (P<0.0l).


Proteins are certainly supreme importance in the living world for biological specificity among different types of cells. Hence the protein content of the cell considered as most important tool to evaluate physiological standards. In any type of nutritional study highest priority is given protein content which shows proper growth and development of fish. The protein in the liver, muscle and intestine of Ctenopharyngodon idella varies as per the conventional and combinations of formulated feeds. The highest liver protein contents was found in 75% formulated feed and lowest in fishes fed with100% conventional feed, while muscle protein contents was found in 50% formulated feed and lowest in 100% conventional feed. Highest intestine protein contents was found in formulated feed as compared to fishes fed with 100% conventional feed. In the present study protein efficiency ratio was highest in formulated feed which showed the best utilization of protein content from formulated feeds.


Acid sulfate soil is use as an alternative in optimizing suboptimal land to achieve corn self-sufficiency. Balanced fertilization plays an important role in efforts to improve corn yields. This study aimed to determine the effect of planting methods and optimal dose of fertilization. This research was carried out in potential acid sulfate soils with B type overflow. This study was arranged in factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consist of 2 factors. The first factor was the planting method consist of Zigzag, Legowo and Conventional planting methods. The second factor was the fertilizer types comprising NPK phonska 450 kg ha−1 + urea 300 kg ha−1 + SP36 300 kg ha−1, NPK mutiara 450 kg ha−1 + urea 300 kg ha−1 + SP36 300 kg ha−1, Urea 450 kg ha−1 + SP36 300 kg ha−1 + KCl 300 kg ha−1, and NPK phonska 300 kg ha−1 + SP36 300 kg ha−1. The results showed that the application of different types of fertilizer and planting methods could improve pH in all treatments from very acidic to acidic. pH, EC, and Eh of acid sulfate soils at 70 and 100 days after planting (dap) were not affected by the interaction between different types of fertilizer and planting methods. Total N content in Zigzag planting method was significantly lower compared to in Conventional planting methods. Meanwhile, available P increased to very high. The Exchangeable K content was only increased in the fertilizer treatment with the addition of KCl reaching a value of 0.42 cmol + kg−1 at 30 dap. Zigzag planting method significantly increased corn yield to 31% higher than in Legowo planting method and 16% higher than in the Conventional planting method. The application of fertilizer with a mixture of KCl significantly increased corn yield to 26.25%. Therefore, the Zigzag planting method and fertilizer with KCl mixture are recommended for corn cultivation in acid sulfate soils.


The utility model discloses an air conditioner with a function of real-time starting up and powering off at regular time, which comprises a controller. The controller is provided with a perpetual calendar and a mode switching unit; the perpetual calendar is used for reading a real-time time signal; the mode switching unit is used for receiving the real-time time signal and comparing the real-time time signal with a preset time signal to judge whether a target mode is switched to. In the air conditioner with the function of real-time starting up and powering off at regular time, real-time timing control can be realized; in a preset time, the air conditioner is switched into the corresponding mode, such as starting up and powering off, so as to realize timing control in twenty four hours; the real-time control of the air conditioner can be guaranteed as well as one-off setting time and synchronous setting air conditioner running mode can be realized; therefore, repeatedly setting trouble can be avoided, and the air conditioner with the function of timely starting up and powering off real time is more convenient to use.


A series of hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier candidates (HBOC), previously noted for their differences in prooxidative and physiological reactivity, were compared in terms of the negative effects displayed upon injection in Wistar rats. At the concentrations tested, antioxidant strategies based on albumin as well as based on rubrerythrin appear to offer observable physiological advantages.


This paper presents a resource-efficient real-valued fast Fourier transform (RFFT) and Hermitian symmetric inverse fast Fourier transform (HSIFFT) architecture for narrowband power line communication (N-PLC) systems. The proposed architecture has high flexibility and low complexity in control, and can be easily extended to different radices and points. Based on the structure, a novel FFT/IFFT processor is designed for PRIME (PoweRline Intelligent Metering Evolution) N-PLC systems.


Final results of the research project devoted to development of a new objective and quantitative method of post cardiosurgery wound healing diagnostics, already preliminary discussed at the QIRT 2014 Conference [1], is presented. We assumed that thermal processes should be effective in subtle description of temporal changes of tissue thermal properties after surgical interventions. To prove this assumption more than 400 patients after cardiosurgery intervention on the open heart participated in clinical experiments using IR thermal cameras as diagnostic instrumentation. We applied both – classical thermal image capture as well as active dynamic thermography method ADT – for analysis of thermal processes existed in the vicinity of the postoperative wound. Here we concentrate on description of technical issues of the developed instrumentation and procedures applied in the research. Discussion is devoted to the problem of standardization of measurement conditions, possible hardware solutions to be applied in clinics and necessary procedures of data acquisition and processing.


This thesis investigates the multiple and contested spaces of belonging that may be evoked by ritualised musical performance. It makes an ethnographic case study of the Zorn Badge Auditions in Swed ...


Results of mass spectrographic analysis of carbon and oxygen in the HL-1 plasma are given. Time behaviour of impurity content has been obtained using a fast measuring system. From the oscillograms, average densities of C+O in the plasmas during pulsed and continuous gas puffing are estimated at 4.5×10~(11)cm~(-3) and 6.1×10~(11)cm~(-3), respectively, Thus, the percentage content of C+O in the plasmas is about 2%.


The photon transport calculation in shutdown dose rate calculation of fusion facility is carried out by MCNP usually.Huge amount of cells are needed to describe the fusion facility due to its high complexity of material and geometry.The SDEF card of MCNP limits that the number of source cells should be below 1 000.Thus,the photon source involved in shutdown dose rate calculation code cannot be specified by the card because of this restriction.To settle down the problem,the source is sampled directly in SOURCE subroutine in this paper.Tests by ITER benchmark for shutdown dose rate and ITER-T426 experimental benchmark show its validity and reliability.


Nickel-based superalloys are the material of choice for gas turbine blades due to their excellent material properties, at high temperature, including strength and environmental-damage resistance[1]. Continual development of these alloys through chemistry and processing has enabled these desirable properties to match the increasingly harsh environments driven by the demands of improving engine efficiencies and operation in non-benign regions. and also model across a range of length scales. The results showed a variation in γ' volume fraction and solute partitioning between heat treatments and for both alloys. Changes in solute partitioning were observed between DCs and IDRs and additionally between the γ and γ' precipitates. The high-resolution capabilities of atom probe tomography enabled the characterisation of γ and γ' interfaces and nanoscale precipitates within gamma channels. Both interfaces and nanoscale precipitates were affected by heat treatments, displaying variation in excess atoms and distributions


In this study, nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers (N-CNFs) were prepared by electrospinning and one step heat treatment using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as carbon source and carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as nitrogen source, and different content of g-C3N4 on electrocatalysis effect was studied. The results show that the synthesized carbon nanofibers have both large specific surface area and micro-mesoporous structure, which is beneficial to improve electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by expose more active sites. Contents of 0.50% (w/V) N-CNFs has excellent catalytic performance. The hydrogen evolution overpotential under acidic and alkaline conditions are 206 and 307 mV on the current density of 10 mA cm−2, the Tafel slope is 106 mV dec−1 (acidic). What's more, catalyst exhibits excellent hydrogen evolution stability for the durability of acidic and alkaline conditions.


Abstract Excellent service quality generates a competitive advantage for service organizations, but firms must implement a comprehensive system of quality management if they are to develop effective and reliable service quality. In contrast to manufacturing industries, most service industries lack a well-managed and comprehensive system of quality management. The present study develops a holistic quality-management system for service organizations – based on sound theoretical and pragmatic considerations. The feasibility and effectiveness of this quality-management system for service organizations is demonstrated by using the HP and IBM companies in Taiwan as case studies. In addition, the results of a separate empirical case study reveal that the insurance, hotel, and airline industries are well advanced in implementing quality management. However, other service industries need to make improvements in some aspects of quality management. These analytical results represent a useful benchmarking reference for those service organizations that have lower implementation levels in some quality-management practices. The present study thus presents an innovative and comprehensive quality-management system for service industries and demonstrates its theoretical and practical application in a number of service industries.


Background and Purpose. Student physical therapists (SPTs) have not been studied to determine their ability to accurately assess the amount of required assistance to successfully complete a sitto‐stand maneuver. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships between SPTs' estimated and measured amounts of patient participation during the sit‐to‐stand maneuver. Subjects. Thirteen SPTs [mean age, 23.8 (±1.8) years; median age, 23; range, 5 (22‐27)] volunteered as raters. Five SPTs served as mock patients. Methods. Raters were instructed in performing the sit‐to‐stand maneuver and in estimating the amount of patient participation. Patients were trained to simulate different levels of required assistance. The actual amount of participation during standing was measured using a force platform. Correlation was used to establish relationships between estimated and measured amounts of patient participation investigating 2 different estimation methods: (1) A Pearson r‐value was calculated to examine the relationship between the rater's reported percentage of active patient participation and the calculated participation as found by a force platform measurement; (2) A Spearman r‐value was calculated to examine the relationship between the rater's assigned FIMTM descriptor and the FIM descriptor as measured by force plate value. Results. Strong positive correlations (r>0.75, P<0.001) were found between estimated and measured amounts of patient participation in both methods of measurement. Discussion and Conclusion. Findings suggest that SPTs can accurately estimate the amount of patient participation during the sit‐to‐stand maneuver both as an estimate of actual patient participation (percent body weight) and as the FIM score associated with the level of participation.


We present an algorithm for approximating linear categories of partitions (of sets). We report on concrete computer experiments based on this algorithm and how we found new examples of compact matrix quantum groups (so called "non-easy" quantum groups) with it. This also led to further theoretical insights regarding the representation theory of such quantum groups. We interpret some of the new categories constructing anticommutative twists of quantum groups.


Background: The p63 gene is integral to the development of many body parts including limb, palate, teeth, and urogenital tract. Loss of p63 expression may alter developmental rate, which is crucial to normal morphogenesis. To validate a novel, unbiased embryo phenotyping software tool, we tested whether delayed development contributes to the pathological phenotype of a p63 mouse mutant (p63‐/‐). We quantified dysmorphology in p63‐/‐ embryos and tested for universal growth delay relative to wild‐type (WT) embryos. Fixed embryos (n = 6; p63‐/‐) aged day (E) 15.5 were micro‐CT scanned and quantitatively analyzed using a digital WT atlas that defined volumetric differences between p63‐/‐ and WT embryos. Results: p63‐/‐ embryos showed a growth delay of approximately 22 hr (0.9 days). Among the E15.5 mutants, overall size was closest to WT E14.6 mice but shape was closest to WT E14.0. The atlas clearly identified in p63‐/‐ embryos malformations of epithelial derivatives including limbs, tail, urogenital structures, brain, face, and tooth. Conclusions: The software atlas technique described the p63‐/‐ phenotype as a combination of developmental delay (i.e., heterochrony) and malformation (i.e., pathological shape; failed organogenesis). This study identifies for the first time global and local roles for p63 in prenatal growth and development. Developmental Dynamics 247:779–787, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Objective To investigate the factors associated with meniscus and cartilage lesions following rupture of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL).Methods Two hundred ninety-three consecutive young patients arthroscopically diagnosed with rupture of ACL were treated from January 2007 to December 2011 in our department.There were 228 men and 65 women,aged from 18 to 40 years (average,28.6 years).The chi-square test was used to determine the risk factors associated with meniscus and cartilage lesions,with gender,injury mechanism,injury course,post-injury activity level,instability re-injury and body mass index (BMI) as independent variables and meniscus lesion location,cartilage lesion severity and incidences as dependent variables.Multifactor Logistic Regression was used to analyze independent risk factors,corresponding odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval(CI).Results Injury course and instability re-injury were found to be the risk factors associated with meniscal injury(P < 0.05).Gender,injury mechanism,injury course,post-injury activity level,and instability re-injury were found to be the risk factors associated with chondral injury (P < 0.05).The independent risk factor associated with location of meniscal injury was instability re-injury [OR =9.875,95% CI (5.444,17.911),P < 0.05].The independent risk factors associated with incidence and severity of chondral injury were injury mechanism [OR =2.441,95% CI (1.224,4.869),P <0.005],injury course [OR=1.302,95% CI (1.031,1.644),P=0.027],instability re-injury [OR =4.201,95% CI (1.993,8.854),P < 0.05].The incidence of instability re-injury increased with extended injury course.Conclusions Because severe meniscal and cartilage injuries can be induced by ACL rupture,medical treatment should be performed as soon as possible after the rupture to decrease the incidence of instability re-injury,especially for patients with high energy contact injury and those who desire a high post-injury activity level.

Key words:
Anterior cruciate ligament;  Menisci;  Cartilage;  Knee injuries


The first example of Wacker-type oxidation catalyzed by a single atom cobalt catalyst under dioxygen using isopropanol as the hydrogen source was established.


Boundary layer transition and surface heating distributions on graphite, fine weave carboncarbon, and metallic nosetip materials were derived from surface temperature responses measured in nitrogen environments during both free-flight and track-guided testing in hypersonic environments. Innovative test procedures were developed, and heat transfer r esults were validated ayainst established t heory through experiments using a super-smooth tungsten model. Quantitative definitions of mean transition front locations were established by deriving heat flux distributions from measured temperatures, and comparisons made with existing nosetip transition correlations. Qualitative t ransition locations were inferred di rectly from temperature distributions to investigate preferred orientations on fine weave noseti ps. Levels of roughness augmented heat transfer were generally shown to be below values predicted by state-of-the-art methods. NOMENCLATURE Blowing parameter Speed of light Specific enthalpy or Planck's constant Stagnation enthal py Intensity of radiation Boltzmann's constant Roughness height Mach number Pressure Heat


As the leaders of households, women have to face more problems compared to male heads. But all the female heads are not facing similar problems. The objective of this study is to analyse psychological problems of heads of 'actual female headed households' in Kerala and to find out the determinants of their psychological problems. Data used for the study were collected from the three regions of Kerala, using a structured interview schedule. About 90 percent of the female heads of the households under study reported some psychological problems. All the stress factors considered for the study, namely financial stress, parental stress, domestic stress and health problems are significantly associated in the chi-square analysis with the psychological problems of the respondents. In the logistic regression analysis variables such as place of residence, education and parental stress have significant effect on the psychological problems of female heads. ABSTRACT


This work undertakes an analysis of educational ideas from both an historical and philosophical point of view. John Adams groups educational thought into the categories of Humanism, Naturalism, Idealism and Materialism.


AbstractMany systemically-active Pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals are reportedly subjected to extensive pre-systemic elimination when taken orally.To circumvent this dilemma in systemic delivery, extensive research efforts have recently been devoted to explore various nonparenteral (noninvasive) routes of administration for enhancing systemic bioavailability of pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals, which have been reportedly subjected to extensive pre-systemic elimination, via the bypassing of hepatogastrointestinal "first-pass" metabolism. Using nicotine, a pharmaceutical, and enkephalin, a biopharmaceutical, the systemic delivery of pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals through the skin and the various absorptive mucosae has been illustrated. The mechanisms and kinetic processes involved for their systemic delivery are explored and various technical issues encountered are discussed in this article.


Calcanei with certain talar facet patterns predispose to subtalar arthritis. Knowledge about variations in the talar facets of the calcanei is essential for orthopedic surgeons while correcting foot deformities like pes planus. This study was undertaken after finding a scarcity of such data in the Gujarat population. The objective was to identify the patterns of the talar facets of calcanei and their clinical implications. Calcanei (n=205) from the Gujarat was utilized. Only four patterns were described as follows: Pattern (I): Fusion of the middle and the anterior facets, Pattern (2): The middle and the anterior facets separate, Pattern (3): Absent anterior facet, Pattern (4): Fusion of all the three facets. And surface area was also measured. Pattern (I) was predominant (65.82%), followed by Pattern (2) in (33.33%) of cases. In the Pattern (2), the subtype b with (3-5) mm separation was the commonest. Pattern (3) found in 4.39% cases. Rare cases of pattern (4) was found in (1.39%) of cases. There is a dominance of pattern (I) calcanei in Indians as compared to the Europeans whose present pattern (2) are common. This fact necessitates the orthopedic surgeons in India to modify the surgical techniques when they perform calcaneal osteotomy. Indians may be at a greater risk of developing subtalar arthritis due to the dominance of Pattern (1) calcanei according to different studies performed. In our study we measured surface area of facets which shows more available surface area for articulation in pattern (I) which provides better stability. So chances of subtalar arthritis are less. We have to correlate it with clinical data.


1 In the light of recent attempts to subclassify muscarinic receptors, agonist‐antagonist interactions at muscarinic receptors have been re‐examined using improved techniques, on the mouse, isolated, lumen‐perfused stomach gastric acid assay. 2 Using 5‐methylfurmethide as the muscarinic agonist, the pKB estimated for atropine was significantly lower on the stomach assay (7.78) than on the guinea‐pig trachea (8.93). However pKB values for N‐methylatropine, the quaternary ammonium derivative of atropine, at concentrations producing dose‐ratios above 20 on the stomach assay (pKB = 9.67), and over the full concentration range studied on the trachea (pKB = 9.69) were not significantly different. 3 The deviation from simple competitive behaviour at low dose‐ratios with N‐methylatropine in the stomach assay is consistent with the effects of a saturable uptake mechanism for quaternary ammonium compounds. 4 The pKB values for pirenzepine on the stomach (6.67) and the trachea (6.87) were not significantly different suggesting that pirenzepine behaves more like N‐methylatropine in terms of expressed affinity. 5 We conclude that the oxyntic cell muscarinic receptors are homogeneous with those in the guinea‐pig trachea. An initial exploration suggests that there is a relationship between the lipophilicity (log P) of the antagonists and the degree of apparent underestimation of antagonist affinity in the stomach assay. This supports the hypothesis that the underestimation of antagonist affinity is due to the loss of antagonist into the gastric secretion from the receptor compartment. Apparently, relatively selective inhibition of acid secretion, compared to atropine, could be explained without the need to postulate heterogeneity of muscarinic receptor populations.


The present manuscript describe simple, sensitive, rapid, accurate, precise an d cost effective Second derivative spectrophotometric zero crossing point method for the simultaneous determination of Rifampicin and Piperine in combined capsule dosage form . The utility of Second derivative data processing program is its ability to calculate unknown concentration of components of interest in a mixture containing an interferi ng component. The Second order derivative absorption at 341 nm (zero cross point for Piperine) was used for Rifampicin and 241 nm (zero cross point for Rifampicin) was used for Piperine. The linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 10 - 6 0 μ g/ml for Rifampicin and 2 - 20 μ g/ml for Piperine. The method was successfully applied to pharmaceutical dosage form because no interference from the capsule excipients was found. The suitability of these methods for the quantitat ive determination of Rifampicin a nd Piperine was proved by validation. The proposed methods were found to be simple and sensitive for the routine quality cont rol application of Rifampicin and Piperine in pharmaceutical capsule dosage form. The results of analysis have been validated stati stically and by recovery studies.


In this article we study the initial boundary value problem of semilinear degenerate hyperbolic equation  on a manifold with conical singularity. By using a family of potential wells and concavity methods, we obtain global existence and blow-up in finite time of solution on a manifold with conical singularities.


Immobilization of papain enzyme is a process where by enzymes are physically placed in a certain place or space so that their catalytic activity remains and can be used repeatedly. In this immobilized papain enzyme study the matrix used was chitosan-Mg, its activity tested to be compared with pure papain used by pH and temperature. The enzyme activity of papain 2.5 mL phosphate buffer plus 0.5 mL casein with variation of pH 4,5,6,7, and 8 was put into reaction tube 1. The reaction tube 2 was filled by 0.25 mL papain enzyme. In preincubation for 10 minutes with temperature variations 50,60,70, and 80°C. Test tube 2 was poured into test tube 1, re-incubated for 10 minutes. Added 1 mL TCA 10%, cooled 10 minutes, centrifugation 3000rpm 10 minutes. Taken 2 mL filtrate plus 1 mL of distilled water, 4 mL Na₂CO₃, 1 mL of follin reagent measured its absorbance by spectrophotometer with wave =650 nm. The enzyme activity of papain occurs optimum pH at pH 7 in the immobilized papain. Maximum activity in the immobil papain enzyme occurs at 70°C. Reusabillity of immobil papain enzyme can be used 5 times.


We search for simultaneous baryon and lepton number violating decays of the D 0 meson. Specifically, we use 281 pb ―1 of data taken on the ψ(3770) resonance with the CLEO-c detector at the CESR collider to look for decays D 0 → pe + , D 0 → pe + , D 0 → pe ― , and D 0 → pe ― . We find no significant signals and set the following branching fraction upper limits: D 0 → pe + (D 0 → pe + ) < 1.1 × 10 ―5 and D 0 → pe ― (D 0 → pe ― ) < 1.0 × 10 ―5 , both at the 90% confidence level.


A novel approach of normal ECG recognition based on scale-space signal representation is proposed. The approach utilizes curvature scale-space signal representation used to match visual objects shapes previously and dynamic programming algorithm for matching CSS representations of ECG signals. Extraction and matching processes are fast and experimental results show that the approach is quite robust for preliminary normal ECG recognition.


Some stallions are expected to perform athletically and breed contemporarily. Athletic activity has the potential, especially during the summer months, to induce thermal stress to the testes, resulting in reduced reproductive capability due to decreased sperm quality and libido. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of strenuous exercise on stallion sperm quality in hot, humid conditions (thermal heat index 38.08 ± 3.77 to 42.88 ± 3.33). Miniature Horse stallions (n = 7) were assigned to treatment group based on age and semen quality. Treatment stallions (n = 3) were exercised 4 d/wk for 90 min for 12 wk, whereas control stallions (n = 4) were tied in the shade. Semen was collected from stallions for 5 consecutive days every 4 wk to evaluate sperm quality. Scrotal and neck temperatures were recorded using implanted subdermal thermosensory devices. In addition, rectal temperature and heart rate were recorded. Exercised stallions had higher mean rectal (39.27 vs. 37.07 °C; P 0.05). Results suggest that previous reports of reduced sperm quality in stallions in training may have causes other than transiently elevated scrotal and body temperature. Strenuously exercising stallions for up to 90 min under hot and humid ambient conditions may not be harmful to spermatogenesis.


This paper explores the application of digital technology in the creative industry, focusing on the case study of Dunhuang Mogao Caves. The study examines the role of digital technology in preserving and promoting cultural heritage, as well as its impact on the development of creative industries. The paper is organized into five chapters, including a literature review, methodology, discussion on cultural heritage, digitalization, and creative industries, a case study of the Dunhuang Mogao Caves, and a conclusion highlighting deficiencies and future trends. The findings suggest that digital technology plays a crucial role in preserving cultural heritage and promoting the growth of creative industries, with the case study of Dunhuang Mogao Caves serving as a prime example.


This article reports on two experiments that examine the computation of contrastive focus in Russian on the part of adult English-dominant heritage speakers and second language learners of Russian, in comparison with baseline monolinguals. The first experiment uses an acceptability judgment task to determine whether bilingual and monolingual speakers use both contextual and prosodic cues to determine the location of contrastive focus. A follow-up experiment uses two prominence detection tasks in order to separately examine participants' sensitivity to contextual vs. prosodic cues. The findings indicate that, at higher proficiency, bilingual speakers of Russian successfully use both contextual and prosodic cues to contrastive focus; with proficiency controlled for, heritage speakers do not have an advantage over second language learners in this domain. These findings are discussed in light of cross-linguistic influence and interface vulnerability.


In organicfertilizers arecontinuouslygiven toeachrice-plantingseasoncan pollute the environment other thandecliningland productivity anddecreasethe productivity of rice.Therefore,inan effort to increase rice productivity in additiontoinorganicfertilizer requiredwithlocalprobioticmicrobessuch asAgriSimbais capable ofimproving soil fertility , so the use of chemicalfertilizers is reduced.The aim of this experiment was the effect of the use ofAgriSimbaon growth,yield componentsand yieldricevarietiesInpari1.The experiment areusing arandomized block design(RAK) with fourreplications.AgriSimbatreatmentbased onthe levelof dose5;10;15;and 20l/ha.The results of theexperimentindicatesthat administration of AgriSimbagood effectonplantheightgrowth.The highestdrygrain yieldachieved at thelevelof10 l/haAgriSimbaas much as11.20t/hapaddy,andobtained atthe lowestdose of5 l/haAgriSimbaabout10.05t/hapaddy.Maximum drymilledgrain yieldachieved atthe levelof12.81l/haAgriSimba.Componentsthat supportthe resultsof grain yieldis the amountof grain perpaniclewere correlatedreal


Business and commerce from time immemorial have encountered the problem of customers wanting what they are unable to afford. To maintain the spin of the commercial wheel, a 'take today - pay tomorrow' ethos has developed. This paper considers the position of creditors in Van Diemen's Land in 1817 to 1824 who took debtors on trust and subsequently had difficulty in settling accounts. The particular subject is Hobart Town, and specific reference is made to the surviving records from the Judge-Advocate's Court. The paper seeks to offer an historical view of some of the problems in a developing penal colony. The author hopes that this spotlight on the past will contribute a perspective by which readers can (1) increase awareness of the plight of business and the poor in our own contemporary society and (2) increase awareness of the difficulties being confronted by business in societies and countries which are currently moving towards currency-dependence.


The Centre for Studies and Research for Metal Forming from the "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Romania is a research unit that has manag ed to gain a well-deserved reputation as a centre o f excellence on national and international level. The following paper presents on the one hand the basic vision, objectives and structure of the centre, but also some of the more important scientific achievements, both in the field of theoretical rese arches and in the one of practical, experimental researches.


A flexible part feeding systems has been developed in conjunction with a six‐axis robot and vision to assemble 13 components into a portable tape recorder.


Based on the questionnaire survey and participatory rural appraisal(PRA),quantitative evaluation on the livelihood assets in Nyingchi District was made,the relationship between livelihood assets and livelihood strategies was analyzed.The main research results are as follows.Firstly,the stock of natural capital is higher,but the stock of human capital,social capital,financial capital and physical capital are lower,so that the configuration of livelihood assets couldn't be optimized properly.Secondly,households possessing financial capital and human capital are higher,so it tends to non-agricultural activities,and while those with abundant natural and material capital are more willing to agricultural activities.Thirdly,the government must enhance the support of information,fund and technology in order to achieve the livelihood diversity and strengthen the ability to resist risks,and must enhance the stock of livelihood for farmers in order to improve the livelihood level for farmers.


Quartz crystal (QC) is one of the well-known piezoelectric materials. However, it was used as a proximity sensor in air in this work. This work stabilized the voltage output to an oscillator circuit connected with a QC. As the thickness-shear mode QC moved closer to the conductive plates from 10 mm to 5 mm while the other electrode was coated with an acrylic rubber compound to eliminate the quality factor, the resonant frequencies of the QC increased to about 0.5∼0.8%. However, the QC was found to have an insignificant change on the non-conductive plates. Additionally, the QC showed a higher degree of frequency shift when the clear side faced the copper target than when the coated side faced the copper plate. The result implied that the capacitances could be different for the clear and coated sides when facing metal.


This study explores the "novelty" of a concept popular in the Ming dynasty that "High Tang poetry is the poetry to learn." First of all, a review of current research and methods used is conducted. This is to ensure the methods used in this paper are unique. Next, analysis of Ming scholars' critiques on Yan Yu 嚴羽are presented, including the discovery that many critics took note of discrepancies between his "theory" and "practice." Discussion by these scholars on how to put into practice Yan's theory that "High Tang poetry is the poetry to learn" reveals distinct thought on the practicality of theories. This study also discusses how Ming scholars responded to this problem of "implementation." The novelty of this concept is found in the fact that the implementation problem gradually evolved into a difference of imitation and enlightenment.


On the basis of comparison,recommended is a new conformation of TS-style triaxial joint meter based on dot-surface mix,as well as its calculation method and error analysis.The measurement precision,installation and other problems of TSJ triaxial joint meter in the measurement of peripheral joint s displacement of high concrete-faced rockfill dam are solved.With the instrument,the displacement point on the face can be moved to any point in space,and thus the effect of face settlement on triaxial deformation of a peripheral joint is removed.The installation of the instrument is convenient and the measurement precision is high.


The addition of biofuel to diesel increases the fuel's stability, density, viscosity, energy content, and cetane number Blending biodiesel and diesel improves the viscosity of the combined fuel in comparison to diesel fuel. Recently, studies on optimizing the use of biodiesel diesel fuel have begun to examine the effects on diesel engine components and the energy conversion efficiency of biodiesel fuel use. The addition of supplements from other natural fuels is an effective option to improve energy conversion efficiency, but the blending effect causes changes in fuel properties. Therefore, further analysis is needed to meet the fuel standards used in diesel engines. This study is to obtain a clearer analysis of the effect of biofuel addition on diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions. Measurements of experiment variables such as Torque, thermal efficiency, power, bsfc, and gas emission obtained from sensors installed in each part of the laboratory scale of diesel engine. The result shows blends of biofuel and diesel can be used as alternative fuels in conventional diesel engines. The variation of power generated by both of fuel mixture shows average power without any major changes.  The thermal efficiency of 30% biofuel average is better across all engine speed variations whereas the carbon monoxide variation decreases towards the same amount at 3000 rpm.


The photodissociation of C2H2 and BrC2H in the vacuum ultraviolet produces nearly identical quasicontinuous emissions in the region 4000 to above 5500 A. It is concluded that the continua are most likely associated with the electronically excited C2H (C2H*) in both cases. Based on this conclusion the following spectroscopic and thermochemical data are derived from the thresholds of incident wavelength to produce the continua (1305±3 A and 1540±3 A, respectively, for C2H2 and BrC2H): The electronic energy of C2H, E0(C2H) ? 4.11±0.05 eV, D0(Br–C2H) = 91±1 kcal mol−1 (381±4 kJ mol−1), and ΔHmDfo(BrC2H) = 64.2±1.5 kcal mol−1 (269±6 kJ mol−1). The photolysis of BrC2H yields the C2 Swan bands in addition to the C2H* by the spin forbidden process. The fluorescence yield has been measured as a function of incident wavelength for C2H2 and BrC2H. The fluorescence yield curves follow the absorption spectra of C2H2 and BrC2H, indicating that the C2H* is predissociated from the initially formed electronic states. The ...


The invention discloses an austenitic antimicrobial stainless steel and the manufacturing method thereof. The stainless steel contains an Ag-Cu binary master alloy with a weight percentage of 0.10 to 4.0 percent and the weight percentage (wt %) for the rest chemical components are as follows: C less than or equal to 0.08 percent, Si less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Mn less than or equal to 2.0 percent, P less than or equal to 0.04 percent, S less than or equal to 0.03 percent, Ni 7.0 to 15.0 percent, Cr 17.0 to 20.0 percent, Mo less than or equal to 4.0 percent, N less than or equal to 0.15 percent and the rest are Fe and unavoidable impurities. The method of manufacturing the antimicrobial stainless steel is as follows: the Ag element and the Cu element, of which Ag takes up 1.0 to 40 percent, are smelted to be a master alloy and then added to the antimicrobial stainless steel material to be smelted. The steel has the advantages of simple and effective smelting technique, excellent mechanical property, excellent corrosion resistance and excellent antibacterial property, can be made into shapes of various types applicable to kitchens, household appliances, medical apparatuses and so on.