Abstract Objective: To review the effectiveness and safety of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in acute and chronic pain conditions. Design: Quantitive systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Data sources: 86 trials involving 10 160 patients. Main outcome measures: Measures of treatment success approximating at least 50% reduction in pain, local and systemic adverse effects. Analysis at 1 week for acute and 2 weeks for chronic conditions with relative benefit and number needed to treat. Results: In acute pain conditions (soft tissue trauma, strains, and sprains) placebo controlled trials had a relative benefit of 1.7 (1.5 to 1.9), the number needed to treat was 3.9 (3.4 to 4.4). With analysis by drug (at least three trials), ketoprofen (number needed to treat 2.6), felbinac (3.0), ibuprofen (3.5), and piroxicam (4.2) had significant efficacy. Benzydamine and indomethacin were no different from placebo. In chronic pain conditions (osteoarthritis, tendinitis) placebo controlled trials had a relative benefit of 2.0 (1.5 to 2.7); the number needed to treat was 3.1 (2.7 to 3.8). Small trials (<40 treated patients) exaggerated effectiveness of topical non-steroidals by 33% in acute conditions but not in chronic conditions. There was no relation between trial quality and treatment effect. In both acute and chronic pain local and systemic adverse events and withdrawal from the study related to the drug had a low incidence and were no different from placebo. Conclusion: Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are effective in relieving pain in acute and chronic conditions. Key messages Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely thought to be ineffective, despite licensed status To evaluate their effectiveness and safety we conducted a quantitive systematic review of all relevant randomised trials In acute conditions like strains and sprains topical non-steroidals were significantly better than placebo over 1 week with a number needed to treat of 3.9 (3.4 to 4.4). For drugs with at least three placebo controlled trials ketoprofen (number needed to treat 2.6), felbinac (3.0), ibuprofen (3.5), and piroxicam (4.2) had significant efficacy In chronic conditions like arthritis and rheumatism topical non-steroidals were significantly better than placebo over 2 weeks with a number needed to treat of 3.1 (2.7 to 3.8) In both acute and chronic pain local and systemic adverse events and withdrawal related to tested drug had a low incidence and were no different from placebo


Integrating Technology A combination of factors has made Internet-bascd computing an essential coinponent of all types of busincsses, and it is fast becoming a household necessity. Hardware tcchnology has made sophisticated computers affordable by a large range ot consumers. To keep up with hardwarc, many aspects of software technology havc made significant advancements, including Wcb-based technology and general nctworking and communications. But thc field of software engineering has


The results of cotton field experiment indicate that applying highly available compound nitrogen fertilizer can increase the ginned cotton yield by 4.98%~5.57% as compared with applying common urea; the optimum application rate of net nitrogen for highly available compound nitrogen fertilizer is 188.34kg/hm\+2; applying 33% and 67% of the total highly available compound nitrogen fertilizer as stem-developing manure and flower and boll manure respectively has the best effect; hole application is the optimum mode of applying highly available compound nitrogen fertilizer.


Relativistic jets are now believed to be a fairly ubiquitous property of accreting compact objects, and are intimately coupled with the accretion history. Associated with rapid changes in the accretion states of the binary systems, ejections of relativistic plasma can be observed at radio frequencies on timescale of weeks before becoming undetectable. Recent observations point to long term eects of these ejecta on the interstellar medium with the formation of large scale lobes around binary systems and the acceleration of particles up to very high energy.


Computer simulations of the hardening of the hollow carving deep roll have been performed. The conceptual and mathematical formulation of the problem is determined. As a result of a series of numerical experiments using ABAQUS package evaluation of residual stresses distributions are obtained depending on the degree mounting of the roll.


ABSTRACT In this article, we argue that the introduction of gender mainstreaming invites tension between key public service values, such as fairness, equity, and responsiveness, on one hand, and efficiency, accountability, and neutrality, on the other hand. Using a Canadian case study, we further argue that, to reconcile this conflict, public servants deploy a number of discursive strategies, which shape the meanings of both gender mainstreaming and values. These tactics, we suggest, serve to both trouble and reinscribe traditional bureaucratic discourse in ways that might offer opportunities for transforming administrative practice and policy outcomes.


Suicide spreads throughout History along with humanity. There are reports since prehistory, where it gained different connotations according to the period and cultures [1]. Suicide is currently considered a global public health problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are 703,000 deaths from suicide per annum. It was the cause of 1.3% of deaths in 2019, and the continents with the highest suicide mortality rates (per 100,000 people) were Africa, followed by Europe, Southeast Asia, and America [2]. It is a multi-causal event, and most people who try it have one or more psychiatric disorders that are not always correctly diagnosed or treated. Therefore, prevention must be a priority [3]. Given this priority, it is necessary to strengthen protective factors and train health professionals qualified to detect and intervene in situations of risk of suicide, as well as knowledge on the subject, with awareness of the seriousness of the problem and empathy with everyone involved, that is, people with suicidal behavior, family and friends [1]. The main risk factors for suicide are mental illnesses (Depression, Bipolar Disorder, Mental Disorder related to the use of alcohol and other substances, Personality Disorder, Schizophrenia); Social aspects (male gender, age from 15 to 30 years or adults aged 65 and over, no children, living in an urban area, being unemployed or retired, being in social isolation, being single, separated or widowed, belonging to a particular population); Psychological aspects (recent losses, having little resilience, having an impulsive personality, aggressive or stable mood, having suffered abuse in childhood, hopelessness, despair, and helplessness) and limiting health conditions (disabling organic disease, chronic pain, neurological disease, spinal trauma, malignant tumors, and AIDS). There are still some situations that generate susceptibility, such as having attempted suicide beforehand, having suicidal ideas or plans, or having someone in the family who attempted or committed suicide [3]. Therefore, this study analyzed the evidence in the national literature about suicide.


An antigen immunologically related to a group-specific antigen (gp52, a 52,000-dalton glycoprotein) of the mouse mammary tumor virus has been identified in paraffin sections of human breast cancers by means of the indirect im- munoperoxidase technique. The specificity of the reaction with antibody against mouse mammary tumor virus was examined by absorption of the IgG with the following: (a) purified gp52; (b) a number of virus preparations (mouse mammary tumor virus, Rauscher leukemia virus, simian sarcoma virus, baboon endogenous virus, and Mason-Pfizer monkey virus); (c) normal plasma, leukocytes, breast tissue, milk, actin, collagen, and hyaluronic acid, all of human origin; (d) sheep erythrocytes and mucin. Only mouse mammary tumor virus (from C3H or Paris RIII strains and grown in either murine or feline cells) and pu- rified gp52 eliminated the immunohistochemical reaction in the human breast tumors. Positive reactions were seen in 51 of 131 (39%) breast carci- nomas of various histologic types, a minimal estimate in view of the limited number of sections from each tumor that could be examined. Negative reactions were obtained in all 119 benign breast lesions (cystic disease, fibroadenoma, papilloma, gyne- comastia) and in all 18 normal breast tissues. With one excep- tion, 99 carcinomas from 13 organs other than breast and 8 cystosarcomas were all negative. Earlier investigations (1) have revealed key similarities between human breast cancer and the mouse mammary tumor experi- mental model. Human breast carcinomas contain particles with many of the characteristic biochemical and biophysical features of the RNA tumor viruses. These include the characteristic size and density and possession of outer membranes as well as cen- tral cores encapsulating an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) complexed to a 70S RNA molecule. Further, we (2-4) and others (5) have demonstrated a partial homology between RNA molecules found in human breast tumors and the RNA genome of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). It is at present futile to dwell on the etiologic implications of these findings, because no hard conclusions can be drawn until more definitive experiments become possible. However, whether they are the cause or the consequence of the human malignancy, the presence of these particles provides a novel opportunity to generate information of potentially practical importance for the diagnosis and the management of the dis- ease. Thus, if one or more of the particle proteins appear in the circulation, they could serve as systemic signals of the presence of the corresponding tumor. The feasibility of this approach was explored and established with the mouse mammary tumor


The present invention relates to a non-radioactive ion source for the chemical ionization of analytes under atmospheric pressure for an electron, an ion mobility or a mass spectrometer. The invention consists in that the ion source comprises a reaction chamber under atmospheric pressure and a vacuum chamber with a non-radioactive electron source, wherein the two chambers are separated by a window with a transparent to electrons and gas impermeable window foil, and that the window film is dimensionally structured ,


Abstract This short review describes the recent progress made on transition-metal-catalyzed annulative couplings for the synthesis of 3-methyleneisoindolin-1-ones, which are useful intermediates for the synthesis of numerous alkaloids and can be often found in a wide range of natural products and pharmaceuticals. In particular, new one-pot multiple C–C/C–N bond-forming processes for the construction of the 5-methylenepyrrol-2-one nucleus of such compounds are summarized. 1 Introduction 2 Intramolecular Cyclization Reactions: C3–N or C3–C3a and C–C Bond Formation 3 Intermolecular Annulative Coupling Reactions 3.1 C3–C3a and C3–N Bond Formation 3.2 C1–C7a and C3–N Bond Formation 3.3 C1–C7a and C1–N Bond Formation 3.4 C1–C7a, C1–N and C3–N Bond Formation 3.5 C3–C3a, C1–C7a, C1–N and C3–N Bond Formation: A Pd-Catalyzed One-Pot Sonogashira Coupling–Carbonylation–Amination–Cyclization Cascade 4 Conclusion


When the large-pore silica reacted with γ-amin op ropyl trimethoxy silane,then the product Ⅰ was reacted with polysuccinimide,fol lowed by hydrolysis,the WCX-A was attained;if the product Ⅰ reacted with butan edioic anhydride,the WCX-B was prepared.These weak cation exchangers could be u sed for the separation of proteins and biotechnology products.The exchange capac ity and separation property of WCX-A were better than WCX-B.


With the increment of connected vehicles, the level of intelligence becomes more and more irregular, so the difficulties of determining the dynamic safety of self-driving in mixed-transport flow have increased significantly. To solve the problems such as reliability, human-car-road perception, decision making, and control coordination assessment in an intelligent networked environment, this article established a multi-source dynamic game model to carry out the measurement of autonomous vehicle dynamics model, control estimation, decision strategy, forward and backward safety mechanism, and planning of mixed-traffic flow route. The digital twin has real-time, synchronous evolution, and interactivity with a semi-physical environment and a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) model to control the accuracy of dynamic safety decisions for smart connected vehicles. This all process developed by combining with vehicle-to-everything (as a physical entity) and smart simulation test technology (as a virtual entity), which understands the compound and dynamic safety decision objects such as multi-agent view, multi-source data communication, vehicle switching, V2V transmission, and V2R synchronization for connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) in the mixed-traffic flow atmospheres.


Objective
To explore the clinical characteristics of human bocavirus(HBoV) infection in the children with severe lower respiratory tract infection.

Methods
The clinical data of the hospitalized children with sputum HBoV-positive were analyzed retrospectively, who were hospitalized at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from September 1, 2016 to March 31, 2017.

Results
A total of 17 children were included in the study.The ratio of male to female was 152.The diagnostic age ranged from 4 months to 4 years and 10 months old.82.4%(14/17 cases) of the patients were infants less than 2 years old.Autumn and winter were high-occurrence seasons.Pediatric Critical Illness Scores(PCIS) were 68-88 scores(median 82 scores). PCIS was less than 70 scores in 1 case, and between 70 scores and 80 scores in 7 cases, and more than 80 scores in 9 cases.The main clinical manifestations were respiratory system involvement, including dyspnea in 17 cases (100%), fever in 14 cases (82.4%), cough in 16 cases(94.1%), wheezing in 13 cases (76.5%), and moist rales in 13 cases (76.5%). The main abnormal chest radiological findings showed patchy shadows in 7 cases (41.2%) and consolidation in 6 cases (35.3%). The oxygenation index was 73.9-296.0 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), and median was 176 mmHg. The oxygenation index was between 100-200 mmHg in 7 cases(41.2%), and less than 100 mmHg in 2 cases(11.7%). Type Ⅰ respiratory failure occurred in 11 cases (64.7%), while type Ⅱ respiratory failure occurred in 6 cases (35.3%). All of the patients need respiratory support with mechanical ventilation.Among them, 6 patients (35.3%) were treated by non-invasive ventilation and their ventilation time were 25-128 h(median 65 h), while 11 patients (64.7%) were treated by invasive ventilation and their ventilation time was 42-178 h(median 70 h). Other organ or system dysfunction is mild.The length of hospital stay ranged from 3 days to 13 days.The cure rate was 100%.

Conclusions
HBoV infection in the children with severe lower respiratory tract infection is common in infants under 2 years old, with acute onset and rapid recovery.The obvious clinical symptoms are fever, cough, wheezing and dyspnea.Although respiratory failure is common, other organ or system dysfunction is mild, which may bring about a good prognosis.

Key words:
Child; Human bocavirus; Severe; Lower respiratory tract infection


Previous modules introduced the principles and methods of Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) and Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) in relation to forestry projects. The current module extends the discussion of DCF to include its use in financial analyses. The purpose of CBA is to determine whether investment projects (used in the widest sense) are worthwhile from a social perspective, taking into account all costs and benefits including positive and negative externalities. In contrast, the focal point of financial analysis is assessing the impact of the project of the wealth of the individual or firm considering the project. In this module, concepts and methods of financial analysis (FA) will be introduced, and then applied to a case study of financial evaluation of a forestry project.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to explore the association between dietary patterns and lipid levels in Henan rural area.

METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN
Fasting blood samples, information on dietary intakes (with food frequency questionnaires) and other data were collected from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Principal component analysis was used to identify the dietary patterns. Binary logistic regression and restricted cubic spline regression models were performed to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The study recruited 38,983 available participants aged from 18 to 79 from rural areas in Henan province.

RESULTS
The study showed that, three patterns were identified by higher factor loadings: namely the "meat" (high intakes of red meat, white meat and fish), "grain-egg-nut complex" (high intakes of nuts, milk, eggs, grains and beans), and "vegetablesstaple food-fruits" pattern (high intakes of vegetables, staple food and fruits). "Grain-egg-nut complex" pattern was significantly positively related to the risk of dyslipidemia (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05-1.16, p<0.05). The multivariable- adjusted ORs across tertiles of each dietary pattern were significantly associated with each component of dyslipidemia indexes.

CONCLUSIONS
Grain-egg-nut complex dietary pattern was positively associated with dyslipidemia. All three dietary patterns were associated with blood lipid profiles aberrations.


In their own words, "Gnowbe is a pioneering mobile micro-learning and engagement solution to help the modern workforce learn faster and better" (Gnowbe, 2018, p. 1). Big claims indeed. Very much a mobile-first platform targeting employers' Learning and Development departments, Gnowbe's business model relies on partners developing content for the platform.
Gnowbe claims to respond in its design to the literature on "latest science of adult learning, gamification and behavior design" (Gnowbe, 2018, p. 1). Leaving aside the latter two concepts as debatably peripheral to this publication, Gnowbe's adult learning science premise and resulting product channel concepts like peer and social learning and does so in a time the aforementioned Moodlebook designers must envy. For this is a time where the affordances of a less hard-coded, more format-responsive digital ecosystem enable more variety of media within the one platform and blissfully sans Scorm packages (a joke for the techies). Variety can be good for learning (Kagan & Kagan, 1994) but so is time (Soderstrom, Kerr & Bjork, 2016). However, Gnowbe is hedging its bets on a relatively new – the literature is sparse before the 1990's – but increasingly trendy concept, Microlearning or, specifically, Mobile (M-) Microlearning.


The 900,000 TPY S-Zorb unit for gasoline desulfurization in SINOPEC Qilu Company is introduced,including design conditions,performance tests,tail gas treatment,utilization of absorbent and production of Jing V gasoline,etc.The problems are analyzed such as abnormal operation of reactor receiver,leaking of flanges in hydrogen HT services,rapidly increased pressure difference of filter at outlet of reactor,coking of absorbent at bottom of regenerator,great catalyst consumption and product off-specification due to the reduction of absorbent activity and abnormal absorbent recycle resulted from troubles in closed-lock hopper,and countermeasures are recommended.


Iron benches play an important role in public garden where it is strong, has long age and beautiful form. So they are used in public garden, where they improve this garden. Public garden can be important things to many people such as the elderly and small children to rest their feet. Iron benches in this garden must be safely in finishing, design and weather conditions. They need sequences maintenance program, so design for them must be save easily maintenance. The great problem is in complex design of iron benches which make maintenance is difficult. This is due to neglect and then makes generalizations that influence their perceptions or feelings about the gardens. And benches are sometimes left derelict and broken benches are left in disrepair. So the research aim to study the design of iron bench in public garden and put selection criteria for the design of iron bench which make then comfort and easy maintenance. Therefore, research studied Bench location and Distribution in gardens, Materials & benches supporting, Design & ergonomic iron benches in garden and Bench & Vandal-resistant. Then the research clear that, it must be takes main requirements when design benches for public garden. These requirements are location, easy maintenance, safety, comfortable, psychological factories, aesthetics, easy for use and efficiency.


Recently, an increasing number of real-time systems are implemented on multicore systems. To fully utilize the computation power of multicore systems, the scheduling problem of the real-time parall...


Introduction. Agriculture includes one of the branches of raw material processing, the final product of which is bread making. At the same time, the most complex operation in the technological chain of bread making is the division of the finished dough into billets of the same mass. This operation is performed by vacuum-piston type dough dividers. Under operating conditions, the service life of dividers is 30-40% lower than the manufacturer's stated. In the technical documentation there is not point of the limit state of dividers, so they continued to be used with high costs of technological materials that determine the cost of the finished product. The purpose of the work is to determine the criterion for evaluating the performance of dough dividers and the limit value of the criterion.
Materials and Methods. Evaluation of the technical condition of vacuum piston type dough dividers was based on the edible oil consumption of food line WP 32 (manufacturer AIMOL). To measure the mass of the consumed oil and the mass of the dough pieces, scales were used with an accuracy of ±0.1 g and ±1 g, respectively.
Results. Based on the results of the analysis of the operation principle of dough dividers, the criterion of efficiency is called the oil consumption, which is responsible for the accuracy of weighing the dough through creating a vacuum in the suction chamber when filling gaps in the coupling of parts. When evaluating the technical condition of machines by manufacturing 300 test pieces configured for a mass of 500 g the maximum oil consumption is obtained equal to 218 g. According to the maximum oil consumption, the allowed oil consumption is determined to be 109 g.
Discussion and Conclusion. It is established that at bakery enterprises, about 30% of used dough dividers have an over-extreme limit state and the accuracy in weighing the dough cannot be restored by increasing the oil consumption. However, starting from the oil consumption above the allowed value of 109 g, the machines need major repairs. The obtained values of the limit and allowed state of dough dividers are widely used in bakery enterprises to assess their technical condition.


Data preprocessing is the foundation in data fusion system.It is also the essential process of error-free coordinate conversion of multiple sensor data.The method and process of uni-fying data in the fields of space and time is explained.The technique based on this method has been applied practically and gotten good results.The consistency,precision and reliability of the fusing data are improved greatly.


A problem of designing robust control with mixed H2/H∞ performance objectives is considered for uncertain discrete-time systems, under the assumption that the state is available for feedback. The controller derived in this paper is guaranteed to satisfy a prespecified H∞ disturbance attenuation constraint for plant perturbations within a specified class of uncertainties, while providing bounds on worst-case quadratic performance.


In the previous Unit, we have read on citizenship rights to public, provision of legal-juridical systems to protect their rights and freedom. The state also enacts legislations to equalize unequal social relationships and create enabling conditions through policies and programmes for the excluded groups to take part in political decision-making, and development processes. In this Unit we will look at the category of 'Civil society' that is empowering women's political agency. We shall understand the role of women's movement, identity politics and women's political mobilization, civil society organizations and community based organizations.


Assessment of Visual and Neurologic Effects among Video Hub Employees Kristin Musolin The HHE Program evaluated concerns about visual and neurological symptoms among employees who monitor television displays at a video hub. Investigators measured viewing distances from desktop workstations to wall monitors and interviewed employees about visual and neurologic symptoms. Investigators also reviewed employee medical records and work-related injury and illness logs. Investigators found that desktop monitors varied in brightness and contrast settings, and that monitors were not at the same level or angle. Investigators determined that looking back and forth between nearby and far objects that are at different distances may cause eyestrain. Most employees reported multiple symptoms when at work, including eyestrain, headache, and body aches. HHE Program investigators recommended that the facility use adjustable monitors that have non-glare screens and monitors be cleaned regularly to improve visibility and reduce eyestrain. The employer should provide adjustable ergonomic chairs to increase employee comfort and improve employee ability to view multiple monitors. The use of forward rotating shifts should be considered and the number of consecutive night shifts should be limited. Shift work may increase health and safety risks by disturbing sleep and circadian rhythms. The full report is available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports/ pdfs/2011-0149-3165.pdf.


The iconographic tragedy of September 11, 2001 has changed the world and so have the universities, where a precise understanding and application of cultural difference, information management and critical literacy theory has become imperative. Education, librarianship and the development of critical theory have become a necessary facilitator of the process of teaching, thus moving the students from a cultural literacy to a critical literacy.


The invention discloses a method for moving a suspended icon. The method comprises the following steps: dividing a terminal interface into at least four judging areas, wherein the four judging areas comprises an upper judging area, a lower judging area, a left judging area and a right judging area, and each of the at least four judging areas comprises at least one boundary of the terminal interface; detecting the moving operation of a user on the suspended icon; judging the judging area where the suspended icon subjected to the moving operation is located; moving the suspended icon to the boundaries, of the terminal interface, in the judging areas. The suspended icon can be located at any position of the edges of the interface, the user operation is convenient, and the user experience is improved.


A ignition and starting method of a gas turbine engine, substantially supplied to the combustor at a constant rate of fuel flow to the ignition, the gas turbine engine at a predetermined acceleration rate, launched until a certain speed, the combustion to achieve the correct air-fuel ratio for ignition by supplying air to the combustor.


During the current pandemic, the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has quickly moved to the top of the list of potential causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients presenting to the hospital. Potential COVID-19 infections should continue to be quickly identified and treated when indicated, but it is important that we not forget about the other potential causes of ARDS. In this case series, we will discuss 3 cases of ARDS that were passed off as likely SARS-CoV-2 infections but were all discovered to be negative for COVID-19. This highlights the importance of maintaining a thorough history and physical examination during the pandemic to identify the other causes of ARDS and avoid the negative effects of frequency bias.


Overweight and obesity are major health concerns in Malaysia, which are linked to other health consequences such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and several others. Among dietary factors, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are reported to be one of the leading factors of weight gain and a higher body mass index (BMI). Sugar-sweetened beverages are beverages with added sugar that only add calories to an individual's normal diet and they represent the largest contributor to the added sugars intake. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of SSB consumption among university students in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, as well as to investigate the association between the students' SSB consumption and their BMI. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) Gong Badak Campus and Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) students by using the convenience sampling. Each participant was given a questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic details, anthropometric assessment and beverage intake. The results revealed that half of the students consumed 2 cups (500 mL) of SSBs on average days (49.4%), whereas 21.7% of them consumed at least 3 cups daily. It was found that sweetened tea was the students' most preferred SSB and there was also an association between the SSB consumption and the BMI. In conclusion, university students in Kuala Nerus drink 2 cups of SSBs daily and sweetened tea is their preferred SSB. Since the students' SSB consumption influences their BMI, these students must be aware on the contents of SSB and the related health consequences in order to reduce the consumption of these beverages and hence, reduce their BMI to a healthy level.


The NESC project (Network for the Evaluation of Steel Components) has been started in Europe with fundings from European Community (EC) and Health and Safety Executive (HSE, UK). This project contains several aspects of the structural integrity assessment procedure and more specifically nondestructive examination, fracture mechanics and materials characterization. A first test is being planned at the AEA Technology Laboratories (Risley, UK) on the Spinning Cylinder test facility. The experiment will be conducted on a large scale cladded cylinder containing surface and subclad cracks exposed to a pressurized thermal shock transient (PTS). The main purpose of the test is to obtain the cleavage initiation in base metal. Within the framework of this project, a pre-test structural analysis evaluation has been conducted by Electricite de France (EDF) including several three dimensional elastic and elastic-plastic computations. Two cylinder geometries have been studied, the first one with a 40 mm deep semi-elliptical subclad flaw, the second with a 70 mm deep semi-elliptical subclad flaw in a thicker vessel. Higher values of the stress intensity factor are obtained in both geometries in the elastic-plastic computations due to the yielding of the cladding during the thermal transient. The comparisons between the stress intensity factors andmore » the expected base metal toughness show that cleavage initiation must occur preferably in base metal near the interface with cladding. The comparison between both geometries show also that the thicker vessel with a deeper semi-elliptical subclad flaw (70 mm deep) is more favorable to cleavage initiation near the base metal-cladding interface.« less


The nonlinear optical dynamics and structural transformation of Co-doped BaFe_2As_2 superconducting films demonstrate complex behavior within a broad range of temperatures. The angle-resolved light scattering conoscopy reveals the temperature-dependent structural transformation of the optimally doped BaFe_2As_2. Photoinduced excited states dynamics demonstrate the instantaneous formation of the nonequilibrium state of quasiparticles with its subsequent multi-step thermalization within several picoseconds. These transient processes show noticeable temperature dependence below superconducting transition point T _c, where photoinduced dynamics correlate with the surface morphology. Graphical abstract


Decoupled motions in low mobility parallel manipulators, which maintains some translation movement or orientation in space by contrast to Stewart platform that can translate and rotate in any direction, lead to more straightforward mechanical structure, larger workspace, lower cost, higher accuracy, and more natural control. A four-degree-of-freedom (DOF) 3T1R parallel manipulator is presented in this paper. This manipulator generates the family of so-called SCARA motions, Schönflies motions, or 3T1R motions, in which the moving platform can translate in all directions and rotate around an axis of a fixed direction whose rotational motion is a roll motion. The position analysis and kinematic modeling for the mechanism are performed, and its workspace size and kinematic characteristic are examined. This manipulator can be used in robotic applications involving the positioning and orientation of a rigid body with high stiffness or accuracy.


In this paper, a new analytical method essentially different from the others is developed for obtaining a rigorous solution of a half-plane diffraction problem.


Intestinal tuberculosis occurs as an ulcerative lesion complicating pulmonary tuberculosis, as a hypertrophic mass, and as a miliary form associated with tuberculous peritonitis. The ulcerative lesion is the most common of the three varieties and its diagnosis can be made with a high degree of accuracy. The chief method of diagnosis is roentgenological and its development has been due chiefly to the work of Pirie, Stierlin, Brown and Sampson. The taking of a careful history is of next importance. The clinician must be familiar with the natural history of the various dyspepsias to evaluate properly the symptoms present. Laboratory findings are usually of little aid in diagnosis. Ulcerative intestinal tuberculosis is always a complication of pulmonary tuberculosis and often shows an activity parallel to that of the parent lesion. However, it frequently runs an independent course and may cause severe symptoms or death after the pulmonary lesions have become inactive. A study of over 300 cases shows a similar incidence in males and females. All ages are represented and the older patients have an incidence similar to younger patients, but the older the enteritis the less distressing are the symptoms. At Hopemont Sanitarium, the autopsy incidence of enteritis is 70 per cent. Clinically, however, it occurs in 15 to 20 per cent of the sanatorium population, where a great majority show faradvanced disease in the lungs. In a tuberculosis sanatorium the non-tuberculous dyspepsias are about four times more frequent than those due to tuberculous enteritis. In this series, only 1 per cent of the cases occurred in association with minimal pulmonary disease; 9 per cent occurred with moderately advanced disease; and 90 per cent with faradvanced disease. The exudative pulmonary lesion was associated with 25 per cent of the enteritis cases, and the chronic form with the remaining 75 per cent. Pulmonary cavitation was present in 94 per cent of the cases at the time of onset of bowel symptoms; cavitation had been present in 4 per cent prior to the onset of symptoms; no cavity was found in 2 per cent of the cases whose diagnosis was made by laparotomy or autopsy. The sputum was positive for tubercle bacilli in 97 per cent at the time of onset of the symptoms. Intestinal tuberculosis may be present without symptoms. Ten per cent of the enteritis found at autopsy showed no digestive disturbances during life. Enteritis may be present long before symptoms appear and may be started clinically by a pulmonary spread, pleural effusion or an operation. The reason for such variability, we believe, is due mainly to a local neuromuscular irritability plus an afferent-parasympathetic efferent reflex to the involved segment. We feel that this neurogenic view best explains the clinical onset of enteritis, its severity, symptomatology, duration and response to treatment. The onset of symptoms was sudden in 67 per cent and gradual in 33 per cent. The rapid onset often dates back to some food or laxative or surgical intervention. Although collapse therapy benefits greatly about 40 per cent of all cases of intestinal tuberculosis, yet some cases date their onset to some form of collapse therapy and other cases show an aggravation of symptoms by these procedures. The symptoms of enteritis may be many or few, mild or severe, local or general. Systemic symptoms may include nervousness, insomnia, chills, fever and failure to gain weight. The digestive symptoms occur in the following order: Anorexia, 85 per cent; crampy pain, 80 per cent; nausea, 70 per cent; diarrhea, 65 per cent; flatulence, 50 per cent; vomiting, 45 per cent; epigastric distress or pain, 30 per cent; constipation, 20 per cent; pyrosis, 20 per cent; tender right lower quadrant, 10 per cent; acid regurgitation, 10 per cent; constipation alternating with diarrhea, 10 per cent; gross blood in stool, 6 per cent; appendicitis, 4 per cent; allergic phenomena in 2 per cent. Diarrhea and pain occur in two-thirds of all cases and should one wait for these symptoms to appear many early cases will be missed. In this group we include also the cases


The chemical reaction between N-methylacridone and potassium superoxide is chemiluminescent and appears to involve the generation of the excited N-methylacridone radical anion.


Spectrum sensing is the method used in Cognitive Radio (CR) to find the unused spectrum. Based on spectrum sensing only other functions of CR can be implemented. So for Cognitive Radio, efficient spectrum sensing is compulsory. In this paper, spectrum sensing techniques, challenges are presented. An overview of cognitive radio architecture, on the basis of research is discussed. This paper explains the cooperative spectrum sensing concepts and its classifications. A discussion on spectrum sensing in IEEE standards also included.


AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor which regulates organizational energy and phosphorylates diverse enzymes, playing key roles in determining different metabolic phenotypes and the energy metabolism equilibrium. This genome-wide survey identified and analyzed 266 unique AMPK gamma subunit (PRKAG) gene sequences from the recently updated genomes of human and 21 animals. After the model selection of phylogenetic analysis parameters, all the 266 protein sequences of these identified human and animal PRKAG genes were used to compute ML (Maximum Likelihood) phylogenetic tree under the evolutionary WAG+G and the protein-protein interactional network analysis using the STRING database. Subsequently, the phylogenetic analysis verified and found all these PRKAG gene sub-families from the amphibian, fish, avian, and mammal genomes formed large monotonous phylogenetic clusters except for three frog PRKAG sequences. Particularly, all the primate PRKAG genes formed the super-class of their sole phylogenetic clusters. Furthermore, the mapped network profile analysis revealed that these PRKAG genes were functionally assembled and/or enriched in the energy metabolism, immune responsive and/or inflammatory and myosin or myosin heavy chain interacting proteins related signaling pathways. In addition, most of these proteins are interrelated and formed a tight protein interactional network of energy metabolism. In conclusion, the observed data and information of protein-protein interaction will contribute to understanding and analyzing the possible protein functions and interacted pathways of animal PRKAG genes and/or other AMPK subunit genes. The metazoan PRKAG gene sequences and identified dataset may be beneficial for related developmental and physiological research topics. These findings may also be potentially applied to explore and resolve the critical issues of disease-induced loss that many medical researchers are taking into research. © 2019 Friends Science Publishers


The thermal parameters are obtained,which have great influence on computation of temperature field of concrete dam.Usually the parameters are obtained from test or empirical formula.Because thermal character of concrete and external environment's complexity and the experimental limitation,it is very difficult to obtain a more precise parameters.In order to solve the problem,in this paper,by using micro-genetic algorithm in back analysis of the thermal parameters of concrete dam,toge ther with finite element solution theory for three-dimensional transient temperature field,we worked out a back analysis program for three-dimensional transient temperature field with micro-genetic algorithm,and engineering examples are given.Result shows that micro-genetic algorithm to reduce the computation than SGA,and to restart maks the population have and ideal diversity,which to avoid the premature phenomenon.


Copper could react with rufloxacin hydrochloride(RH) in HAc-NaAc medium to form stable complex,which generates obvious fluorescence quenching phenomenon.Based on this,a new determination method of copper  was established.The effect of solution acidity,surfactant,concentration and dosage of RH,and the adding order of reagents on system were investigated,and the optimized analytical conditions were obtained.The results showed that the fluorescence intensity had good linearity with the concentration of copper  standard solution in the range of 2.25×10-8-2.5×10-6 mol/L at measuring wavelength of 520 nm.The detection limit was 9.6×10-9 mol/L.The proposed method was applied to the analysis of actual water sample,and the determination results were consistent with those found by atomic absorption spectrometry.The relative standard deviations(RSD) were 0.8 %-1.6 %.


The epigraphic collection of the Department of Ancient History at the University of Graz preserves two 19 th century squeezes without any further description.  It can be shown that they originate from Ephesus and that they display more complete texts of IK Ephesos 1891A and 287.7 than previously known. A new edition is provided; which presents evidence that the hitherto unknown or contested addressees of these two honorary inscriptions are in fact Commodus and Annia Galeria Faustina; respectively.


Most Western countries require a medical certificate for payment of sickness benefits in prolonged absence spells. Based on an intervention enabling self-certified sick leave up to 365 days in the municipality of Mandal, this article discusses whether a medical certificate is necessary to legitimate sick leave. The municipality's absence registry and questionnaire data form the basis of this article. In Mandal self-certification has become the rule, both for short- and long-term sick leave. For short-term absence, the transition to self-certification has reduced absence length and return to work has become more evenly distributed throughout the week. For sick leave in excess of 16 days, absence length has increased, but not significantly. The proportion of graded long-term sick leave significantly increased in self-certified episodes, from 23 percent the first year to 43 percent the third year. A large and increasing majority of the employees are satisfied with extended self-certification. Those whom still prefer a doctor's sick note, are either critical to how they are followed-up at the workplace or feel that self-certification is a burden. The transition to self-certification as main documentation for sickness absence has not increased absence levels. During long-term absence spells employees consult their doctors. This indicates that the employees behave responsibly when they self-certify and retain contact with their doctor for medical purposes. The intervention suggests that mandatory certification by a doctor is not necessary for legitimising sick leave, even long-term absence.


Background: Healthcare professionals (HCPs) are on the frontline of fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent reports have indicated that, in addition to facing an increased risk of being infected by the virus, HCPs face an increased risk of suffering from emotional difficulties associated with the pandemic. Therefore, understanding HCPs' experiences and emotional displays during emergencies is a critical aspect of increasing the surge capacity of communities and nations. Methods: In this study, we analyzed posts published by HCPs on Twitter to infer the content of discourse and emotions of the HCPs in the United States (US) and United Kingdom (UK), before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The tweets of 25,207 users were analyzed using natural language processing (NLP). Results: Our results indicate that HCPs in the two countries experienced common health, social, and political issues related to the pandemic, reflected in their discussion topics, sentiments, and emotional display. However, the experiences of HCPs in the two countries are also subject to local socio-political trends, as well as cultural norms regarding emotional display. Conclusions: Our results support the potential of utilizing Twitter discourse to monitor and predict public health responses in emergencies.


I read with interest the paper entitled "Locality-based 3D multiple-point statistics reconstruction using 2D geological cross-sections". The paper describes a new methodology to build 3D realizations constrained by 2D sections that act as local training images and hard data for MPS algorithms. The method seems to give realistic results and perform better than existing algorithms. Globally, the paper and the presented results are convincing. However, I would like the following general comments to be addressed by the author:


The proposed fractal antenna is designed to operate at the frequency of 7.23 GHz using an FR4 substrate of relative permittivity of εr = 4.4. Different optimization techniques have been used, such as slots, use of meta-materials, fractal design, Feeding Techniques, to improve some antenna parameters. The resulting fractal design provides a gain of 10 dBi and a return loss of -19.8 dB which is about 90% of the input power radiated.


Order spectrum analysis is widely used to grasp the features of noises due to powertrain system including engine and intake/exhaust system. It is known from many previous researches that order components related to the first and second firing frequencies of engine considerably affect the noise of car interior. The purpose of this paper is to find out the difference in sound quality: Pleasantness of car interior noise according to the change of its order spectrum. For this, car interior noises of 6-cylinder and 4-cylinder engines are recorded and their order spectrum levels are modified by applying adaptive digital filters. After subjective listening test employing paired comparison method is conducted, it is investigated that the level change of half-order components is a noticeable factor to improve Pleasantness of the car interior noises whereas level decrease of firing order does not always give the positive effect on its sound quality.


Laser Range Finder (LRF) is a most commonly used sensor for non-contact distance measurement and its applications cover wide areas of civil and defense. This paper discusses the design of Time of Flight (TOF) based single channel pulsed LRF, in which single optical channel has been used for transmitting and receiving of laser pulse with the day sighting capability. It offers considerable size reduction over dual channel counterpart without compromising the performance of LRF. The LRF supports ARINC-429 interface to make the sensor compatible with avionics systems and multiple Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) to fulfill the varying data density requirements. The mechanical design of the LRF has been carried out to fulfill the airworthy requirements. Since the system requires alignment between transmitter, receiver module and day-sight graticule, precise beam steering mechanisms and movements have been provided. Environmental tests as per MIL Std 810E have been carried out on various mechanical sub-assemblies and electronic module to increase the reliability of the system. The performance of the LRF has been tested in practical scenario and found better than the dual channel LRF.


Why is intelligence so hard to define? Why is there no systematic or adequate theory of intelligence? This book argues that classic intelligence production has been premised on an ill-founded belief in an automatic inference between history and the future, and that the lack of a working theory has exacerbated this problem. The book uses classic cases of intelligence failure to demonstrate how this problem creates a restricted language in intelligence communities that undermines threat perception. From these cases it concludes that intelligence needs to be re-thought, and argues that good intelligence is the art of threat perception beyond the limits of our habitual thinking and shared experience. This book therefore argues that intelligence can never be truths, only uncertain theories about the future. Qualified intelligence work is, accordingly, ideas that lead to theories about the future. These theories should always seek to explain a comprehension of the wholeness of threats. The hypothesis derived from these theories must thereafter be tested, as tests that make the theories less uncertain. This implies that intelligence never can be anything but uncertain theories about the future that are made less uncertain through scientific, critical tests of hypotheses derived from these theories. High quality intelligence institutions conduct these tests in what is known as the intelligence cycle. This cycle works well if it mirrors good thinking.


In this study, we present the hybrid complex variable element-free Galerkin (HCVEFG) method for solving 3D Helmholtz equations. The dimension splitting method (DSM) will be introduced into the corresponding governing equation, thus a series of 2D forms can be obtained by splitting the problem domain of 3D Helmholtz equation. For every 2D problem, the shape function can be obtained by using the improved complex variable moving least-squares (ICVMLS) approximation, and the essential boundary condition can be imposed by using the penalty method, thus the discretized equations of 2D problems can be derived by using the corresponding Galerkin weak form. These equations can be coupled by using the finite difference method (FDM) in the dimension splitting direction, thus final formulae of the numerical solution for 3D Helmholtz equation can be obtained. In Sec. 4, the relative errors are given, and the convergence is analyzed numerically. The numerical result of these examples illustrates that the calculation speed can be improved greatly when the HCVEFG method is used rather than the improved element-free Galerkin (IEFG) method.


### Learning objectives

Cardiovascular (CV) manifestations of autoimmune systemic rheumatic diseases have become increasingly recognised and have the potential to involve any part of the heart including the myocardium, the pericardium, the valves and the conduction system.1 Symptoms can be mild and initially clinically silent, but in the long term can result in life-threatening complications. Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of specific rheumatological conditions in the UK can be found on the British Society of Rheumatology website. In this review, we explore the CV manifestations of autoimmune rheumatological diseases and highlight the need to raise awareness of the emerging field of cardio-rheumatology.

The review explores the CV manifestations of a range of connective tissue diseases (CTDs) including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), systemic sclerosis (SS), autoimmune myositis and the vasculitides. Due to limitation on space, we do not cover the seronegative spondyloarthropathies, sarcoidosis and gout. We will also not cover the cardiovascular manifestations of genetic CTDs such as Marfan's disease and the genetic autoinflammatory conditions such as familial Mediterranean fever.

### The workup of cardiac disease in patients with autoimmune disorders

The range of CV manifestations of rheumatological diseases are broad and include but are not restricted to coronary artery disease (CAD), valve disease, myocarditis, pericarditis, heart failure and rhythm disturbances. While these problems are familiar to the cardiologist, in the context of certain rheumatological diseases, different treatment strategies and screening approaches are required.

#### Coronary artery disease

Broadly speaking, CAD can be asymptomatic, result in stable chronic symptoms or cause acute …


To analyze the welding deformation of hull block efficiently, the mechanical method is introduced to establish the relation between the original loads, including inherent strain and stress of joint modular, and initial loads of structure model. Being taken as one joint modular, angle seam is separated from structure. The inherent stress and strain distribution of joint modular have been obtained by thermal elastic and plastic finite ANSYS analysis and treated as original loads. To obtain initial loads for structure analysis, mechanics principles have been applied to establish the mathematic relation between original loads in joint modular and initial loads in structure model. Then the welding distortion of structure has been analyzed by limited element method when the hull block model is established and initial conditions are loaded. Compared to measured data from ship factory, the result of simulation based on the mechanics method has been verified to be high efficiency and accuracy by hull block example.


Abstract This study examined the beliefs about teaching by pre-interns entering a college of education's holistic teaching and learning program. Of interest were the students' beliefs about the concepts of teaching and learning and the sources of those beliefs. Qualitative interviews were conducted during the students' first year of enrollment in curriculum-related coursework. Students discussed how they chose education as a career, how they thought of themselves as teachers, and what they believed were the sources of their knowledge about teaching. All of the participants were interested in teaching in public school primary grades. Data analysis revealed a belief in a "special calling" or "gift" that would make them more successful than other individuals for this career. They indicated that this "gift" alone was enough to allow them to be successful in teaching. Most of their beliefs developed from their own experiences as students, and from the comments of others (primarily teachers) who stated a belief that the student had natural abilities. Recommendations are made about the use of more reflective teaching methods to force students to confront the level of their skills and compare their perceptions with reality early in the teacher education process


One of the innovations at the 19th Congress of EAHP was this seminar, conceived as a partnership between hospital pharmacists and industry. The EAHP Scientific Committee chose the topic and the event was supported by an unconditional educational grant from Bayer Pharmaceuticals. Attendance was accepted by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education as a knowledge-based activity.

The first presentation, by Sabine Eichinger of the Medical University of Vienna, reminded the audience of the mode of action of vitamin K antagonists and the new direct oral anticoagulants. The name 'direct' highlights the fact that they are more specific in their targeting of the clotting system, and are therefore less prone to influence by a wide variety of possible agents, and do not require monitoring for blood levels. Their Cmax is reached in 1–4 h and half-life is quite short, resulting in once-a-day dosing (rivaroxaban, edoxaban) or twice-a-day dosing (apixaban, dabigatran) and there is no need for heparin bridging while they take effect. Sabine Eichinger reminded the audience that rivaroxaban is the only novel OAC licensed for hip and …


There is widespread system response to the perceived needs of education for twenty-first century, where learning-to-learn is privileged and schools are organised to prepare young people for work. One casualty of such skills-led teaching is deep thinking about curriculum questions and the knowledge contents of teaching in relation to the needs, motivations and experiential knowledge of students. In this paper we argue for greater conceptual clarity between curriculum and pedagogy, and between the worlds of children's experience and disciplinary knowledge, in order to deepen teachers' understanding of the practice of teaching. The paper shows how using the conceptual tools of curriculum making is key to becoming, and developing as a teacher. This paper supports subject specialism in teaching in a manner that respects the social and cultural capital of young people and their role in knowledge creation together with the emancipatory significance of gaining epistemic access to disciplinary knowledge.


Breast cancer is still the cause of most of the women death. Until now, breast cancer still ranks second prior to cervical cancer in Indonesia. Incidence of breast cancer is approximately 11.22% of all malignancy cases in women. Breast cancer cases also found mostly in advanced stages. This should not happen if all women in particularly in Indonesia and in the world understand one of the early detection of breast cancer with breast self examination (BSE). It is necessary to research which aims to see the level of women's knowledge about breast self examination. This research has been conducted at Kelurahan Harjosari II with the research subjects were women aged 20-40 years. This research is a descriptive study with cross sectional approach with the help of a questionnaire given to 98 other respondents. The sampling technique is by consecutive sampling. Any answers given by respondents had the results of its own value with the total numbers obtained from each respondent were grouped in a predetermined group. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 17. The research results showed that the knowledge level of good is by 9.2%, moderate is at 67.3%, and poor is at 23.5%. It can be concluded that in this study, the level of knowledge in respondents is at moderate level, for as many as 67.3%.


Much of the research in marketing involves the study of consumer choice behavior. This study is concerned with the development and testing of a theory of retail choice or patronage. The last several years have witnessed dramatic changes in the retailing industry. In addition to the traditional department, discount, and specialty stores, consumers may increasingly choose from a wide variety of non-store retailers. Thus, any comprehensive study of retail outlet choice behavior should incorporate all of the alternatives available to the consumer. This research developed a model of patronage which extended previous research with the addition of alternative retail outlets and the explication of important determinant variables. The inclusion of all available retail outlets presents a more comprehensive view of consumers1 retail choice decisions and aids researchers in understanding the varied choice behavior of individuals. Consumer shopping motivations, involvement, experience, knowledge, and contextual influences were proposed as primary determinants of retail outlet choice. A large focus of the dissertation research involved the construction and validation of a consumer shopping motivation scale. Three stages of data collection were conducted to develop a comprehensive, reliable and valid measure. Motivations were proposed to represent underlying forces that stimulate and compel individuals to interact with the retailing community. The research proposed


Objective: For transvenous embolization (TVE) of dural arteriovenous fistulae (dAVF) in the anterior condylar confluence (ACC), stable placement of a guiding catheter is important to approach the ACC from the jugular bulb (JB) with a microcatheter. We document our method and present a review of the literature. Case Presentations: We used a 5-Fr internal mammary artery (IMA) catheter to guide the microcatheter into the ACC for coil embolization. In one patient, we placed the steeply angled tip of a 5-Fr IMA catheter into the entrance of the ACC from the JB, guided the microcatheter into the ACC, and performed coil embolization. In another patient, we created a coaxial setup by inserting a 5-Fr IMA catheter into a 6-Fr guiding catheter and advanced the tip of the IMA catheter from the JB into the ACC entrance in accordance with the angulation of the ACC entrance. Conclusion: It is useful to select an IMA catheter based on anatomical structure when a direct approach from the JB to the ACC is required. Ours is the first report of an approach for TVE from the involved side using a guiding catheter adapted to the anatomical structure. We recommend the use of an IMA catheter adapted to the anatomical structures when a direct approach from the JB to the ACC is needed for TVE of dAVF in the ACC.


Abstract Not Available – First paragraph follows:
Like land plants, aquatic vegetation is a natural and necessary environmental component of the California flora. Aquatic plant species, numbering in the hundreds, occur in impoundments and waterways throughout the state from below sea level to over 6,000 feet.


Copyright © 2018 Antoine Al-Achi. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and work is properly cited. The Arabs called alfalfa (or Lucerne) (Medicago sativa) by its grandeur name "The Father of All Foods," and this claim became well-known among the botanists and the herbalists. The name is, of course, in recognition of its nutritive value. Modern science has collaborated this claim by revealing its actual content. Alfalfa, as a plant, is extensively used in animal feed worldwide. However, people can also consume this plant for its nutritive content and potential medicinal effects. The plant is known to contain phytoestrogens, namely coumestrol and apigenin [1]. In the United States, alfalfa has been used to produce hay suitable to maintain the life of livestock such as dairy cattle, mature ruminants, and horses [2]. When compared to other animal feed sources (Rhodes hay, Cynodon pasture, and linseed cake-maize mixture), alfalfa had the highest in Crude Protein (CP) content (approximately 24% vs. 7.5%) [3]. Alfalfa belonged to the plant family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) and was originally native to Iran. However, the plant has been cultivated worldwide since the Roman Empire [4].


The information-wave and IoT technologies-based information measuring complex for human diseases diagnostics has been developed. A tablet computer is used as a control device. The measurement module is developed on a microcontroller with a built-in Bluetooth and Wi-Fi module. The measuring module consists of an information wave generator and a human psychosomatic reactions sensor. The complex operates autonomously using the Bluetooth module or remotely through Cloud services and Wi-Fi connection. The accelerated technique of instant diagnostics of the most widespread human diseases has been offered. Experimental tests confirming the effectiveness of the complex have been carried out.


Adequate nutrition with a high protein content is one of the main conditions in the complex treatment of sarcopenia. This review article considers strategies for maintaining the dietary derived protein and amino acids value in patients with sarcopenia. The features of  nutritious diet in  young, middle-aged and older people including those with sarcopenia are compared and outlined. The possibilities of nutritional supplements of proteins and amino acids in the diet of geriatric patients with sarcopenia are given.


A direct, geometrical derivation of Miller's formula for average foliage density is provided. It does not require his solution of an integral equation.


The increased implementation of Ground Source Heat Pumps requires finding more cost effective designs for the external heat exchange loop. The current study is the comparison of different mediums (materials) surrounding the ground loop piping to evaluate the relative performance of the system based on the medium. The following is a preliminary test for comparing mediums. Since all materials have a thermal conductivity value (k), the authors wanted to test whether material with higher k values would perform better. If there were a significant difference in performance, more efficient systems could be constructed. The current study was the examination of three mediums. Since geothermal systems are designed for the region and soil type, all the current discussion will refer to a southeast region and clay soil. The three mediums tested were native clay soil, found in most of the non-coastal areas, medium coarse sand, and concrete. The test bed was designed and installed to simulate a residential installation. The test bed was monitored to record the temperature of the supply water, return water, medium, and surrounding soil for each of the three field beds. The initial calculations on the anticipated results indicated that the most effective medium would be the concrete, followed by the sand and finally the native soil. The results showed that the differences in the performance of the three beds were insignificant. The authors found the results differed from the anticipated results, and several aspects of the results are not discussed in depth. The conclusions lead to work for future studies.


This paper finds the extended energy of some special class of graphs and their complement graphs. Let G = (V,E) be a simple graph with vertex set V (G) = {v1,v2, ...vn} and edge set E(G).The Extended energy Eext(G) is defined to be the sum of the absolute eigen values of its extended adjacency matrix Aext(G).


XML-based variable data documents are special cases of XML documents subjected to processing before final visualisation. We demonstrate how such 'templates' can be edited from specific instances in a generalised manner and that this can be supported by a highly extensible and configurable editing framework. The demonstration covers simple authoring actions, higher-level authoring control (altering the editability within a document), reconfiguring the overall editor capability, using alternative 'views' of documents and exploiting the framework to modify generalised XML 'files', including some of those that define the editor itself.


We report a case of transient complete heart block following occlusion of the first septal perforator branch after stent deployment in the left anterior descending coronary artery. The patient was treated with temporary transvenous pacing and reverted spontaneously to normal atrioventricular conduction after 3 days.


The goal of this article is to develop a dynamic model of a space antenna with the pantograph structure and to study the processes of its deployment using open-source software. Methods of theoretical mechanics, multibody dynamics, computational mechanics, and computer modeling were used in the research. A mesh antenna of the novel design, which is recommended for mini-satellites, is considered as the object for modeling. The most significant difference between this antenna and others is the design of the support ring in the form of a pantograph. To develop a model of the space antenna dynamics and implement it using open-source software, some simplifications were made due to the complexity of the structure. The antenna model is represented as a system of rigid and flexible bodies connected by hinges. Carbon fiber rods are modeled with the help of a flexible finite element using the method of absolute nodal coordinates, which allows one to model large deformations of the structure. Aluminum hinge assemblies are modeled as several rotation joints connected by conventional rigid elements. The main modeled properties of these hinge assemblies are the stiffness, location, and direction of the axes of rotation of the hinges. The tension forces created by the stretched mesh are modeled using springs. The cable drive of the antenna deployment mechanism is modeled as a load acting on the corresponding elements in defined local positions. An algorithm for building a model of the space antenna to simulate the reflector deployment process in the HotInt open-source software is presented. Using the built model, antenna deployment simulations are carried out for different cases, which differ in the forces used for the deployment. Values of deployment time, variations of angles between the V-folded bars, and tensions in the diagonal rods of the antenna sections during the antenna deployment are obtained. The approach proposed in the article can be implemented using free software, ensures flexibility of modeling, and reduces the model development time.


Objective To analyze the outcomes of treating severe thoraclumbar fracture via combined anterior and posterior approach assisted by thoracoscopy.Methods The data of 5 patients with severe thoraclumbar fracture complicated with incomplete paraplegia were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent posterior reduction,transpedicle screw internal fixation combined with thoracoscope-assisted anterior decompression and bone graft.Operative outcomes were evaluated.Results The patients were followed-up for 4 to 15 months.The surgery was successful in 5 cases with improvement of neurological function.The spinal canal volume was less after operation than that before(20% vs.44%-83%)(P0.05).The heights of anterior and posterior edge were 95.9% and 98.6% of normal hights immediately after operation,which were greater than 37.2% and 72.3%,respectively,before operation(P0.05).The bone grafts were fused completely within 3 to 5 months.Conclusion Treatment of severe thoraclumbar fracture assisted by thoracoscopy via combined anterior and posterior approaches is effective in restoration of intervertebral body height,lumbar lordosis and spinal canal volume.


A Bayesian network is a graph-based model of joint multivariate probability distributions that captures properties of conditional independence between variables. Such models are an effective way to characterize probabilistic and causal relations among variables providing a clear methodology for learning from observations. In recent years their use to recover transcriptional regulatory networks from static microarray data is becoming an active area of bioinformatics research. The intent of this paper is to provide a review on structural learning of Bayesian Networks and to compare described methods on a benchmark dataset, the Hepatic Glucose Homeostasis network, that describe results of microarray experiments.


Based on the configuration of Bistatic side-looking SAR with parallel track,the signal model of radar target with rotating part was provided,and then the mathematical expressions of micro-Doppler and its chirp-rate induced by target rotation were derived.The analysis indicates that the micro-Doppler effect is not only related to the parameters of micro-motion and carrier wavelength,but also the system geometrical configuration.So the micro-motion target indication ability can be improved by changing the geometrical configuration,while preserving relatively high viability of the system on the war-field.Finally,the theoretical analysis is verified by the simulation results.


Processes, activities and tasks of a community-based area development project are described. The main process has been used three times and a model is presented. An earlier developed process map has been verified. The description of the project can help other communities to plan development projects. The illustration can be valuable for entrepreneurs who are planning a societal value initiative and for decision-makers and stakeholders who can contribute to, are concerned with, or may be affected by societal entrepreneurship. Observation, participating studies, dokumentations and an interview with the project leader has been carried out. Data have been analyzed and compared with the previously developed process map to achieve a deeper understanding of the processes within societal entrepreneurship. The purpose was to study and describe the processes of a community-based area development project and to compare it with a previously developed process map and to verify the process map.


The NiSb x Fe 2 - x O 4 coumpounds were obtained by standard ceramic technology from the corresponding oxydes. The samples were monitorized by X-ray analysis and it was proved that the sintered samples contain only the spinel phase. The Curie temperature has a quasi-monotonous decrease vs the Sb concentration, while the lattice has a maximum at x = 0.05. The cation distribution indicates that the Sb cations sit practically only on the octahedral sites. The specific magnetization has a nonmonotonous variation vs Sb concentration in the sample.


[Objective]To investigate the epidemic characteristics of an outbreak of mumps and the protective effect of the vaccine on mumps.[Methods]Mumps cases were searched according to the diagnosis criteria of mumps to describe the epidemic situation,and the vaccination information of children were collected.The vaccine protection efficiency(VE) was calculated by this formula: VE(%) =(incidence rate of unvaccinated group-incidence rate of vaccinated group) / incidence rate of unvaccinated group × 100% =(1-RR) × 100%.[Results]A total of 126 cases were searched,and the attack rate was 11.42%(126 /1 103).Among 22 classes in the kindergarten,the cases were reported in 16 classes.The attack rate of unvaccinated children was 27.47%(64/233),and that of vaccinated children was 10.78%(56/519),with VE of 61%.Vaccine protective efficacy showed a decreasing trend with time interval of once vaccination.[Conclusion]Mumps vaccine is a protective factor of mumps.The vaccine protective efficacy shows a decreasing trend with time interval,so it is recommended that an additional dose of vaccine should be carried out three years after first dose mumps vaccination.


Earlier this year Sarah Rothwell won funding from the New Collecting Awards to develop a collection of modernist jewellery at National Museums Scotland. Here, she writes about her research so far.


Many studies in higher education have focused on the development cf late adolescent and adult personality change on the assumption that such change was brought about by the college experience. The focus of this study is on the value changes that occur during college rears and the changes that endure beyond college. Group and individual values preferences changes are examined with controls for gender, Appalachian status, education beyond the bachelor's level, and involvement in selected alumni activities. The Allport, Vernon, Lindzey Study of Values was administered to the Berea College Class of 1966 as freshmen, seniors, and 21-year alumni. Related literature is discussed, and the Pace alumni survey questionnaire is explained. Change in this class was seen to be the most dynamic during the college period with the greatest change being an increase in aesthetic and a decrease in religious values preferences. The only significant change in the alumni period is an increase in economic values. Males scored higher on theoretical, economic, and political values, and females score higher on aesthetic, social, and religious values. Those educated beyond the bachelor's degree decreased in theoretical and increased in religious values. Participation in alumni activities was quite varied among the respondents. Tables and charts are included. Contains 31 references. (Author/SM) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ***********************************************************************


Brief review of the recent progress in semiconductor spintronics (theory and experiment) and the current theoretical problems in it is presented. Invited paper at the 2006 Advanced Research Workshop "Future Trends in Microelectronics: Up to Nano Creek" (Aghia Pelaghia, Crete, June 26-30, 2006). To be published in Workshop Proceedings (Wiley)


Contentment is a feeling of joy or disappointment that someone received as a result of the comparison between the achievements or products are perceived and expected. In writing this scientific problem is how high the proposed level of customer satisfaction on service quality PLN Sunday Market Services Unit, if viewed from the elements of service reliability, responsiveness, assurance, tangibles and emphaty. In writing this scholarly writer has deployed a questionnaire to the 50 customers of PT PLN Sunday Market Services Unit with the statement of 15. And calculation of average level of compatibility between the implementation level and the level of customer interest factors that influence customer satisfaction of services Service Unit of PT PLN's Sunday Market an average size of between 69.49% -80.18%. Chi Square analysis of the obtained results that count x2 of 45.352 is greater than x2 Table of 26.296 so Ho rejected and Ha accepted which means customers feel. no peas to services PLN Sunday Market Services Unit.


The Cluster Variation method is a class of approximation methods containing the Bethe and Kikuchi approximations as special cases. We derive two novel iteration schemes for the Cluster Variation Method. One is a fixed point iteration scheme which gives a significant improvement over loopy BP. mean field and TAP methods on directed graphical models. The other is a gradient based method, that is guaranteed to converge and is shown to give useful results on random graphs with mild frustration. We conclude that the methods are of significant practical value for large inference problems.


The speed and radial displacement of the rotor have the obvious ripples due to the strong coupling between torque and suspension force of a single-winding bearingless flux-switching permanent magnet motor, and the traditional PID/PI controller is difficult to suppress the disturbance of the unbalanced magnetic force. A linear active disturbance rejection control method based on model compensation is proposed in this article. First, the topology and operation principle of the motor are described, and then the dynamic model of the rotor and flux linkage model of the motor are analyzed. Accordingly, the integral-series standard mathematical models of the displacement and speed are deduced, and then the mathematical expressions of the controller gain and radial disturbance are obtained. Second, the linear extended state observer with known model perturbation information and the linear feedback control law are designed, and the parameters tuning method is given. Finally, the simulation and experimental results verified that the proposed method can significantly reduce the rotor displacement and torque ripples, and it has better disturbance rejection performance than the traditional PID/PI control method in the same stability margin.


A first end portion arranged to be attached to the pipette body of the pipette (1) (3), at least in part, an opening which is arranged to be inserted into the sample intended to be sucked by the pipette and a second end portion having a section (15), as may be used to cut open the lid (119) covering the container containing the sample, opening (15) has a sharp profile, pipettes chip.


Magnetic field fluctuations with frequencies f between the ion ( f/sub c/i) and electron ( f/sub c/e) cyclotron frequencies are enhanced downstream of interplanetary shocks and in fast streams. These f>f/sub c/i fluctuations are related to those below f/sub c/i that also accompany solar wind activity. The spectra over the range 10/sup -2/ f/sub c/i < or =f< or approx. = f/sub c/e synthesized from ISEE3 magnetometer and plasma wave instrument data can generally be described by one power law below froughly-equal1 Hzroughly-equalf/sub c/i and a different one above. However, behind four shocks the spectral index above f/sub c/i was measured to be about twice that below f/sub c/i, whereas no clear relationship is apparent in the weaker fast stream events. Behind one shock the interference in the low-frequency electric field channels of the ISEE3 plasma wave instrument was small enough to permit a statistical study of the B/E ratios or, equivalently, the indices of refraction, of the f/sub c/i < or =f< or =f/sub c/e waves. Although the data base is limited, the B/E ratios confirm that the waves are whistler mode emissions, as their frequency range already suggested. Various indirect lines of evidence indicate that these whistler wavesmore » are generated propagating at large angles to the local interplanetary field, a fact that helps identify possible free energy sources for their growth.« less


Transformers are vital components of power systems as they are situated between energy generation and consumers and their failure disrupts the use of electrical energy. Therefore, diagnosing an incipient fault is essential in avoiding hazardous operating conditions and minimizes downtime cost. In transformers, faults take place due to electrical or thermal stresses that cause insulation decomposition in transformers. In oil-filled transformers, insulations are cellulose and oil, and the products of the insulation decomposition are gases which can be dissolved in the oil. Therefore, dissolved gas analysis (DGA) can be used for fault diagnosis in oil filled transformers. In this paper, DGA interpretation methods, conventional and intelligence, are investigated and compared. For evaluating consistency and accuracy of the methods, "No Result" cases are not considered. It can help the newcomers to this field to have access to a comprehensive comparison about the application of computational intelligence and conventional methods in transformer fault detection using DGA.


The kinetics of the solid state reactions AgI + TiI → AgTlI2 (I) Agl + AgTl2I3 → 2 AgTlI2 (II) AgTlI2 + Til → AgTl2I3 (III) are investigated with reactant pellets by the contact method. With the aid of inert marker experiments and transport number determinations it was possible to state that the governing mechanism is the cation counter-diffusion in all cases and that the rate determining step is the diffusion of Tl+. The experimental reaction rate constants agree reasonably with those calculated on the basis of the Wagner's thermodynamic theory.


This paper gives an overview of the basic features of a software tool for the optimization of electromagnetic devices. Two stochastic optimization methods are implemented: Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithms. This tool works coupled with ELFIN, a finite element code developed by the authors for electrical engineering research. ELFIN allows us to deal with electromagnetic field problems in a fully parametric mode with respect to a set of variables, typically representing the geometrical or constitutive data of the electromagnetic device to be optimized. An example of application is also given. l Introduction The optimization of electromagnetic devices by means of stochastic methods generally requires a large computing effort [l], because each estimation of the objective function calls for the numerical solution of an electromagnetic field problem by means of the Finite Element Method (FEM). Due to this fact, the FEM code needs to be very efficient not only in data structure, memory management and 110 operations, but also in the strategy used to solve the field problem.


In allusion to DC blocking fault occurred HVDC power transmission system,an improved coordinated secondary voltage emergency control(CSVC) model is proposed,and its control effect is verified by actual operation data of South China power grid.Verification results show that the steady state mode of CSVC contributes to improve the severe incoordination among reactive power outputs of generators located in the sub-regions due to large-capacity reactive power compensators,however the voltage recovery is hardly implemented due to the slight voltage variation of predominant buses,so the control effect is limited.The emergency mode of CCSV can coordinate the actions of various control measures in the whole power grid,and according to actual operating condition of power grid the control strategy can be drafted in real-time way to avoid the over-action or under-action caused by traditional coordinated control for DC blocking.Simulation results of South China power grid show that the proposed control model can evidently improve the power transition after the occurrence of DC blocking fault and rapidly implement voltage recovery.


Objective To study pharmacokinetics of the domestic Levofloxacin Hydrochloride Tablets in healthy Chi nese volunteers.Methods A single oral dose of Levofloxacin Hydrochloride Tablets 200 mg were given to 18 healthy Chinese volunteers,in taking drugs before and after administration of 24 h multi-point collecting venous blood,the concentration of Levofloxacin in plasma were determined by PR-HPLC,the pharmacokinetic parameters were calcu lated by BECS program.Results After a single oral dose of Levofloxacin Hydrochloride 200 mg,the main pharma cokinetic paramet of Levofloxacin were as follow: Tmax=(1.15 ±0.42) h,Cmax=(2094.6 ±615.1) μg.h/L,AUC =(11 295 ± 1847) μg.h/L,T1/2=(7.08 ±1.26) h.Conclusion Pharmacokinetic parameters of domestic Levofloxacin Hydrochloride Tablets in healthy Chinese vollunteers are consistent with previous reports.


This approach to modelling of uncertainties in reliability-centred maintenance (RCM) is a continuation of the probabilistic and the fuzzy RCM. The evidence measures, belief and plausibility, are applied to express the uncertainties of experts in reasoning and to give weighted recommendations during the RCM process. Brief introductions to RCM and to the Dempster—Shafer theory are given. Finally, the Dempster—Shafer approach to RCM (DS-RCM) is applied to a fire detection and extinguishing system.


While logistics clusters (LC) are developing rapidly, there is clearly a lack of consensus on term names and definitions within the field of logistics clusters, let alone a common model for the logistics regions hierarchy. This study systematically reviews and compares relevant terms, so that the subsequent issues can be answered: 1) What are key concepts about LC and related areas being described?; 2) What is the relationship between these terms?; 3) What are the limitations of current models for the logistics regions hierarchy? The paper first provides a content analysis of 153 carefully identified papers from books, edited volumes, conferences and journals. Then, based on the scope and the scale of logistics activities criteria, we propose a four-layer model for the logistics regions hierarchy. The proposed model is valuable in guiding scholars and practitioners to understand typology and hierarchy of logistics entities. Finally, this paper affords some guidelines on the direction of future research.


An analysis of steam-pressure behavior in a vapor-dominated geothermal reservoir with an immobile vaporizing liquid phase was presented by Moench and Atkinson (1977) at the Third Stanford Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, and later expanded by Moench and Atkinson (1978). In that study a finite-difference model was used to demonstrate the effects of phase change in the reservoir upon pressure drawdown and buildup. In this paper that model is modified to incorporate heat transfer from blocks of impermeable rock to thin, highly-permeable, porous fissures. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the added effect of heat transfer of this type upon the transient pressure response of a vapor-dominated geothermal reservoir.


The paper describes a regular events CITES consisting of young scientists school and international conference as a tool for training and professional growth. The events address the most pressing issues of application of information-computational technologies in environmental sciences and young scientists' training, diminishing a gap between university graduates' skill and concurrent challenges. The viability of the approach to the CITES organization is proved by the fact that single event organized in 2001 turned into a series, quite a few young participants successfully defended their PhD thesis and a number of researchers became Doctors of Science during these years. Young researchers from Russia and foreign countries show undiminishing interest to these events.


Based on the actuality of the disciplines setup and the study field of pharmic graduate students in China.it is pointed out that at present,the field of pharmic graduate students education cannot contain the whole pharmic field in China,which results in the disproportion between the existing distribution status of pharmic graduate students and the memand of our society.Taking foreign pharmic graduate students education for reference,the three main orientation of development of pharmic graduate students education are pointeddd.d dThe the development of pharmic graduate students education is ecplored from the aspects of the research filds and the knowledge system.


The avoidance of allergenic foods and emergency medications on accidental exposure are the only currently approved treatments in food allergy. EAACI guideline on allergen immunotherapy recommends oral immunotherapy as a therapeutic option to increase the threshold of the reaction during treatment in children with persistent IgE‐mediated cow's milk, hen's egg, and peanut allergy from around 4‐5 years of age, but the same recommendation cannot currently be made to achieve post‐discontinuation effectiveness. Both systemic and local reactions during OIT have been frequently reported. For this reason, EAACI guideline suggests several recommendations on safety, including carefully monitoring patients for allergic reactions, especially during the up‐dosing phase of OIT, and monitoring for symptoms of new‐onset eosinophilic esophagitis. New approaches are certainly necessary to give priority not only to effectiveness but also to safety.


The Young Geographers, an informal organization of American geographers, flourished from 1936 to 1943. One of its projects in 1940 and 1941 was the compilation and publication of lists of contemplated research by some 170 Young Geographers. Their listed research interests were relatively narrow in subject and geographical area. The successor of the Young Geographers was the American Society for Professional Geographers which merged with the Association of American Geographers in 1948 under a democratic constitution which assured that young geographers and their research would be recognized.


Introduction
Historical Outline
Dicarboxylic Acids
Succinic Acid
Adipic Acid

Diols
1,2-Propanediol
1,3-Propanediol
1,4-Butanediol

Hydroxy Acids
Lactic Acid
Lactones and Other Cyclic Esters

Outlook and Perspectives
Acknowledgements
Patents

Keywords:

fermentative production;
dicarboxylic acid;
succinic acid;
adipic acid;
diol;
1,2-propanediol;
1,3-propanediol;
1,4-butanediol;
lactic acid;
lactone;
cyclic ester


People of southern coastal border of Central Java have extraordinary features, not only biological ecology, but also ecolinguistic features that can be seen from the socio-cultural awareness community. Socio-cultural awareness of people the southern coastal border Central Java is reflected in behavior of simplicity and openness with the ecology of their immediate environment. These two things are the reflection of solidarity upheld by the community. Their closeness to nature forms the character of society full of symbolic values. This research examines the philosophical meaning and local wisdom functions of the architecture of traditional house building of people at the southern coastal border of Central Java. The orientation of this research is to interpret the form of ecological acculturation reflected in the traditional house buildings of southern coastal border communities of Central Java. This research constitutes a qualitative type with contextual descriptive method. In answering socio-cultural problems, ecolinguistics and cultural anthropology were used as the basis of this research analysis. The results of this study indicate the unitary environmental orientation of the basic concept for the construction of traditional houses in the southern coastal community of Central Java, spiritual orientation counterweighting the strength of traditional house buildings, and economic orientation as the form of togetherness and openness of the southern coastal communities Central Java.


Nine superdeformed bands in several nuclei of the mass-190 region all have transitions of the same or equivalent energies to within an average of about 1 keV--almost identical. Furthermore, it is found that transitions of the same energy do not always connect levels of the same spin, indicating noncollective angular momentum alignments that are all very nearly integers (0, 1{h bar}, or 2{h bar}). Possible explanations involving pseudospin are discussed.


EUROPEAN COMMISSION SIMPLIFIES ASPECTS OF EU MERGER CONTROL* The European Commission (Commission) has issued a package of measures (the Reform Package), the rationale for which is to simplify…


A method for authenticating a user to a network computer-implemented apparatus and computer program product. In response to receiving a request for access to protected resources from a user, the method of transmitting a unique sequence of bits used by the user to the network connection. Next, in response to receiving the unique bit sequences logged on by the user to verify the authentication of the user when receiving network access point, the method authenticating a user to access the protected resource.


This final thesis describes the process of designing analog audio active crossover by using the FilterShop. First step is finding the ideal transfer function of separate sections and of complete system. To accelerate optimization, the system is first constructed by generic transfer functions. In this way complicated circuitry is avoided. Second step includes realization of audio crossover. Second-order transfer functions are implemented with Kerwin-Huelsman-Newcomb (KHN) general-purpose (GP) section. To make the design of general-purpose section easier MATLAB function, which calculates values of elements, was written. First-order functions are implemented with acitive highpass or lowpass noninverting filters. Complete system response matches with optimized response from the first part.


Transient behavior of luminescence has been measured in high-purity CdTe in the 17–82 K temperature range using a mode-locked Kr + laser as the excitation source. The presence of the bottleneck of the excitonic polariton has been clearly observed in the wavelength dependence of the luminescence decay time. It has also been found that when the excitation density is varied, the spectral shape as well as the efficiency of the polariton luminescence change, while the decay time remains almost constant. Mechanisms of the relaxation following the photo-excitation are discussed.


This research aims to associate the gap of old tradition teaching and learning mathematics with the help of dynamic mathematical software. Also, enhancing the learning capabilities and interest of students by creating a platform of variations to teach mathematics based on existing world problems. To improve the discovery learning procedure by empowering both the teacher and learner to visualize and explore examples in a short period of time as compared to conventional method of teaching mathematics and for this purpose GeoGebra software is used. Initially assessments show significant enhancements in the learner's performance and fun while learning with less effort. Aligning of learning mathematics with the use of ICT in today's fast changing society. Teaching and learning mathematics is the main performance characteristic of individuals learning for isolated examination. Also the main purpose of using GeoGebra in teaching mathematics classes is to improve the higher order thinking skills in short time with the help of VARK (Visual learners, Aural/auditory learners, Read/write learners, and Kinesthetic/tactile learners). This paper discusses how to incorporate with technology in today's fast changing environment.