With the evolution of the automotive industry, professionals' knowledge needs to be broadened, and new methods for their training are required. For this purpose, we present a demonstration vehicle built at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME), together with the solution to the challenging task of automated valet parking. This functionality serves as a baseline that covers most of the needed functionalities in the future autonomous vehicles. In this demo paper we report about the experimental vehicle, path planning and path following, LiDAR-based pedestrian detection and V2X communication that we implemented.


The reaction of various substituted 2, 4-dichloroquinolines with ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)- 2,7,7-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate was carried out in the presence of K2CO3 as a mild and efficient base at controlled temperature leading to novel 2-chloroquinoline based polyhydroquinoline with high regioselectivity. All the synthesized compounds were characterized using IR, NMR, Mass spectral data and then subjected to an in-silico analysis against P. falciparum lactate dehydrogenase.


The article explores the construction of systems information security in cloud systems and aspects of its effective using. Special attention is given to questions of the protection of the organization through the use of cloud technology secret sharing schemes (SSS) interlaced with Residue number system (RNS). It is shown that the level of protection of secret information is processed using cloud technologies using RNS depends on the threshold value used in the SSS and the size of the modules RNS. Modified neural network of a finite ring for the effective implementation of modular operations in RNS.


The mechanism and deformation behavior of warping composite buckling defects in a thin cold-rolled strip were studied.Based on the theory of shallow shells and Galerkin's virtual displacement principle,the analytical model of buckling for the strip with an initial warping defect was established,the critical buckling load and critical wavelength were obtained,and the influence rules of buckling affected by a warping defect were analyzed.The results show that the critical buckling load increases with the increase of the warping value.Under C warping,the critical wavelength of center buckling increases with the increase of the warping value,but the critical wavelength of edge buckling decreases with the increase of the warping value.Under L warping and C-L composite warping,the critical wavelength of center buckling and edge buckling decrease with the increase of the warping value.The mode of warping composite-buckling defects was obtained by designing cold-rolling experiments in a test mill,which proved the correctness of the analytical model.The simulation analysis for the conditions of rolling experiments was established by using ANSYS,the model of buckling was obtained,which was in a good agreement with the experimental results,and the critical buckling conditions of this buckling model were also achieved,which further verified the analytical calculation results.


By analyzing the necessity and existing problems in the current education evaluation. The article gives a preliminary examination to the way to improve education evaluation and establish a new mechanism to match the development of the times.


Materials Design is often at the forefront of technological innovation. While there has always been a push to generate increasingly low density materials, such as aero or hydrogels, more recently the idea of bicontinuous structures has gone more into play. This review will cover some of the methods and applications for generating both porous, and hierarchically porous structures.


Violence against domestic helpers is a social fact is universal. Domestic violence can happen to the maid by the employer. Protection of victims of domestic violence under Article 16 Paragraph (2) of Law No. 23 of 2004 on the Elimination of Domestic Violence. This study discusses 1) What kind of implementation of legal protection by the police in a criminal act of violence against a domestic worker in Padang Police? 2) What are the constraints faced by the police in providing legal protection for domestic workers, victims of crimes of violence against domestic workers in Polresta Padang? This study used socio legal approach. The data used include the primary and secondary data. The technique of collecting data using interviews and document study and data was analyzed qualitatively. The conclusions of this study 1) Implementation of legal protection for domestic workers, victims of domestic violence, because the complaint from someone, either the victim or the family 2) Constraints faced by the police is the lack of coordination between the agencies involved, the victim does not have witnesses to testify legitimate to the police, the victim shut down, the suspect did not confess and also the lack of supporting facilities of police duties. Keywords: Protection Law, Violence, Domestic Helper, Victims


Ecological footprint is an integrated index of measuring the impact of Human's consumption on ecosystem.Based on the ecological footprint theory and calculation method,the ecological footprint and bio-capacity of highroad were measured by using the ecological footprint analytical method in 109 nationgal highway from 17 Gou to Qingshuihe in this paper.The result showed that there is ecological surplus 0.242 702 hm2 per capita before highway building and 0.240 371 hm2 per capita after highway building.The ecological press index is small.And all kinds of impropriated land are in the range of land use programming.The highway projects were to be proven feasible in terms of ecology.


Units undertaking projects put emphasis on the management of construction costs in the entire course of construction.Management of construction costs in the implementary period of items is a key part of the whole management.In the management of engineering construction,it is significant to take effective measures to enforce the management of construction costs to increase the benefit of investment.It is not enough to do the budget in the prophase of construction projects and settle accounts when they are completed.


The development of flexible heating systems with minimized energy consumption for industrial plants moves into the focus of attention because of rising energy costs and decreasing emission limits, but also because of higher quality requirements for the products or changing production conditions (e.g. production on demand). Advanced combustion technologies, such as combustion in porous media (porous burner) offer many advantages. The focus of the described R&D work is the development, evaluation, testing in long-term experiments and under industrial conditions of gas-fired surfaceradiation porous burners and their further application in the glass industry. The solutions reached can open further fields of application in high temperature processes.


The article provides the basic foundations of the implementation of sustainable development approaches in the world society and their interpretation in mining activities. The study also analyzes the regulatory framework and organizational mechanisms for the implementation of these principles in the Ukrainian mining industry. An analysis of the current state of rational subsoil use and solid industrial waste management in Ukraine is given. The concept of a mining cluster and prospects for its formation in the region of the Kryvyi Rih iron ore basin are substantiated. An algorithm designed to optimize the schedule of mining operations in the mining cluster is described. The Ingulets iron ore deposit was analyzed from the standpoint of integrated development. The reserves of talc shale extracted from the open-pit and stored in a man-made deposit for further sale are separately allocated. The order of mining works for the development of man-made deposits is given.


The superplastic behavior of isothermally forged FGH96 alloy has been studied in this paper. The results show that deformation at temperature 1050℃ , 1100℃ and over a range of initial strain rate from 1 × 10 s -1 to 1 × 10 s ' , extremely significant superplastic effect can be attained. Superplastic elongation in excess of 825% can be obtained in tensile testing, at deforming temperature 1050℃ and an initial strain rate 1. 67 × 10 3 s-1 . The metallographic examination indicated that the cavity growth and interlinkage behavior during superplastic deforming is responsible for premature failure of the superplastic FGH96 alloy.


This paper mainly studies the impact of temperature on the consistency of Lithium ion batteries. 4 cells of better capacity and internal resistance consistency, and inconsistent initial open-circuit potential are selected, respectively, to form 2 cell blocks connected in series, respectively, charged and discharged and monitored the real-time voltage and temperature at 20°C/20°C/40°C/65°C. The results show that when the high temperature was proper, the battery activity is increased, the energy is brought into more effective play, but the service life of the battery operating under high temperature environment for a long time, will be significantly reduced. While in the low-temperature environment, the overall performance of the battery pack is relatively decayed faster and battery inconsistency is increased.


• research the potential repercussions of reclassifying teachers of students with visual impairments as providers of related services before a definitive decision is made, • explore the role of the partnership of teachers of students with visual impair ments with general and special education teachers, • foster programs that promote effective col laboration between teachers of students with visual impairments and special and regular educators, • encourage each state to appoint a state vision consultant to monitor and evaluate collaborative programs between teachers of students with visual impairments and other educators, and • fund high-quality continuing education and professional development opportuni ties for both teachers of students with visual impairments and their collaborative partners.


To overcome the problem confronted in the research of an evolutionary test data generation method for path testing,an experimental studying on the evolutionary method using a triangle classifier had been implemented in this paper.The elementary parameters for genetic algorithm were determined by a lot of experiments,8 combinations of encoding,selection and crossover operations,8 species of string length(24~45 bit) were also been investigated.The results showed that there was a magnitude of gap between the optimal combination and the original results.


The physical mechanisms that determine the current transport in reverse‐biased Schottky diodes on undoped ''device‐grade'' hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) are elucidated. The current‐voltage (J‐V) curves for several Schottky diodes up to reverse‐biases of 40 V have been measured at temperatures between 40 and 180 °C. The reverse currents generally increase approximately exponentially with reverse bias. The decrease of the apparent barrier height as obtained from internal photoemission experiments is in good agreement with the decrease of the thermal activation energy with reverse bias. Extra information on the current transport mechanism can be obtained from the bias dependence of the prefactor in the Arrhenius plot. A theoretical model is presented which gives a semiquantitative fit to all the features observed in the experimental data. The model involves quantum‐mechanical tunnelling of a thermal distribution of carriers through an image‐force lowered triangular potential shape. At low reverse b...


Oxiranes, such as glycidyl phenyl ether, benzyl glycidate, glycidyl methyl ether, and styrene oxide, were copolymerized with dicarboxylic anhydrides, such as succinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, and maleic anhydride, by the action of an enzyme in a stepwise reaction to produce the corresponding polyesters containing some ether linkages having a maximun M w of 13 500. Oxiranes, such as glycidol and glycidyl phenyl ether, were also homopolymerized and copolymerized with other oxiranes by the enzyme to produce the corresponding polyethers.


Witnessed by the rapid increase of power conversion efficiency to 25.5%, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are becoming promising candidates of next‐generation photovoltaics. However, PSCs can be unstable under the influence of light and bias. Especially, grain boundaries (GBs) are vulnerable to attack by light and bias in perovskite films, leading to degradation of photovoltaic properties of PSCs. Herein, photocurrent atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy are employed to systematically investigate the bias‐dependent charge transport behaviors and stability of (FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 perovskite under working condition. Bias‐dependent morphology and photocurrent images show irreversible decomposition of the perovskite at a bias of 0.1 V or below, which is accelerated by light illumination, leading to formation of an interfacial layer that restricts carrier transport. Meanwhile, GBs appear to enhance carrier transport at larger bias, but serve as breakthrough sites for perovskite decomposition at smaller bias. Introducing excess methylammonium iodide promotes decomposition, while potassium iodide passivation greatly relieves the decomposition. These results support the ion migration mechanism of decomposition through interfaces and GBs. This work provides a deeper understanding of bias‐induced degradation of PSCs as well as bias‐dependent double‐edged roles of GBs, and forms valuable guidance for appropriate operation of PSCs.


Objectives : This study was undertaken to assess the role stress of wives who take care of their husbands with brain injury and their health status, to test their relationship, and to define the factors that are associated with them. Methods : A questionnaire survey was conducted for 109 women of 30-50 years old who were taking care of their husbands with brain injury for 6 hours or longer per day for more than a month at 4 university hospitals in Daegu city and Kyungbuk province from March 10 to May 10, 2002. The questionnaire was composed of role stress scale which was developed by Yang, the physical health scale which was modified from the Archbold and Stewart's ways by Yang and the psychological health scale which was developed by Bradburn. Results : Mean age of the subjects was 46.4 years old and 36.7% of them were satisfied with their marital life. Average nursing time per day was 21.2hours and 56.5% of them had a relief from care taking but 63% of them did not have any helper for their domestic work. Average score for role stress was 2.49 and it was 2.47 for health status on a 1-4 point scale where higher scale meant higher role stress and better health status. Average score for physical health status was 2.67 and that for psychological health status was 2.27. The role stress was significantly associated with age(p=0.007), marital satisfaction (p=0.001), daily care taking hours(p=0.015), no relief from care taking(p=0.020), and no helper for domestic work (p=O.OOO). High role stress was also associated with early stage of hospitalization(p=O.016), high dependence on husband for family income(p=O.039), seriousness of disease(p=O.OOl), and poor prognosis(p=O.OOl). The scores for health status was positively associated with marital satisfaction(p=O.OOO) and negatively associated with prognosis and severity of husband's disease (p=O.OOO; p=O.OO0). The role stress showed a significant negative correlation with health status(r=-O.275, p=O.OlO), particularly with psychological health status(r=-O.546, p=O.OOl). Conclusion : Nursing intervention and education are necessary to alleviate the role stress and improve health status of women who take care of their husband with brain injury.


The present invention provides a multi-integrin protein enteral nutrition polymerization initiator, the energy ratio of 12% -15% protein, 25-30% fat, 55-65% carbohydrate. The invention can fully meet the needs of the body, nutritionally complete, balanced ratio, easy to use, the components of complementary advantages, mutual promotion and positive role in improving plasma protein levels in patients, improve nutritional status. Particularly suitable for perioperative nutritional support of critically ill patients and other various diseases and prevention and treatment of malnutrition.


Field trials were conducted to evaluate the influence of three application methods and two types of ground cover on the transport of metolachlor and simazine from container-grown junipers. Application methods used were broadcast spray, broadcast granules, and individual container applications. Woven ground cloth and woven ground cloth plus gravel were used as ground covers. The site received daily irrigation, and surface runoff was sampled and analyzed 0, 1,2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 56 d after herbicide application. Application method had the greatest effect on herbicide concentrations in runoff. Herbicide application to individual containers resulted in lower simazine and metolachlor concentrations in runoff. Herbicide concentrations took longer to drop below detection levels in surface runoff from broadcast applications.


Abstract Enfuvirtide (formerly T20) is an injectable fusion inhibitor that has established effective antiretroviral activity and excellent tolerability in extensively pretreated patients. This fusion inhibitor does not affect the metabolism of other co-administrated drugs for metabolic drug interactions involving enfuvirtide. Few mathematical models have considered co-administration of antiretroviral drugs. We develop a mathematical model to study the effect of enfuvirtide upon this process in combination with protease inhibitors (PIs) using impulsive differential equations. We divide the T cells into several classes to describe the drug activity. Analytical results show that a combination of enfuvirtide and PIs gives a better outcome than single drug activity; furthermore, use of enfuvirtide clearly outranks PIs if only one class of drugs were to be used. We determine the threshold value for the dosage and dosing intervals to ensure the stability of the disease-free state and illustrate our results with numerical simulations. We recommend that use of enfuvirtide, in combination with PIs, be expanded beyond salvage therapy.


Objective: To understand reality applications of health data platform for hospital information in the region to provide a reference for promoting information construction.Methods: Selected 30 health system(third-grade class-6 hospitals and second-grade class-24 hospitals) for the survey,the questionnaire includes four parts-hospitals situation,information technology department,planning of funding and hospital data platform application.Results: 18 hospitals had the information technology planning,and 4 hospitals had no planning.The hospital information construction funds were put into the hardware,two grade of hospitals were unreasonable(P 0.05).The efficiency of the medical data using the platform were not the same,the inpatient access control system,outpatient and emergency plan flat rate system,outpatient and emergency pharmacy management system were the three most using systems,the lowest using system was outpatient and emergency department.Conclusion: The majority of the platform for the construction of the city hospital medical data os still stuck in the first phase,but also a complex systems engineering,we should to strengthen the information work of the organization and leadership and to develop appropriate information technology standards,the establishment of the CIO system,large construction funding that can truly serve for patients.


(pp. 151–284). Again, Z. demonstrates that Herodian's account is almost entirely controlled by his general conception of how the moral disposition of an emperor as acquired through education and experience determined the quality of a particular reign. As for the sources of Books 2–6, Z. again suggests that the material used and remodelled by Herodian was almost all taken from Dio's History, whereas for the end of Book 6, and Books 7 and 8 (on the years 235–8, for which Dio was no longer available) Herodian had transformed another senatorial source. Z.'s readings are mostly convincing and attractive. In fact, this is the μrst full-scale study to examine systematically the aims of the representation and thus it does greater justice to this text than most of the previous scholarship. However, owing to Z.'s focusing on the individual character-sketches, the picture created of the period as a whole gets less attention than perhaps it deserves. As for the results of Z.'s learned and impressive study of sources, which attempts to conμrm with new arguments the old Hauptquellentheorie, it remains to be seen if they will meet with unanimous approval. Given Dio's mutilated text and the almost complete loss of all other potential sources (e.g. Septimius Severus' autobiography and the historical works by L. Aelius Antipatros and Asinius Quadratus, not to mention the pictorial representations often referred to in the text but all rejected as μctitious by Z.), and the fact that Herodian must have used other, though completely unknown, sources in his later books, a more sceptical view still seems possible. Chapter IV deals with Herodian as a historical μgure. Given the scant evidence provided only by the text itself, necessarily most of this chapter has a rather speculative character. Z. rightly rejects attempts to date the work under a particular emperor after Philip the Arab, as it seems impossible to identify potential allusions to a speciμc reign with certainty. However, the same must be said (as Z. himself is well aware) of Z.'s own attempts to prove the view that the text was written under the reign of Philip the Arab. The assumption that it had been written with an eye to the thousandth anniversary of Rome in 247/8 is based on even poorer evidence. Finally, Z. joins the (unprovable) communis opinio that Herodian was of western Asian Minor origin, but rejects the common view that he worked in an o ̧cial position at the imperial court on the grounds of his poor knowledge of the court as well as of the city of Rome; he was rather a reiner Stubengelehrter (p. 327) working somewhere in the distance from the centre of power. There is a useful general index and an index locorum, but it seems odd that there is no full bibliography in a book of this scope (although there are good bibliographies in ANRW ii.34.4, 2830¶. and 2914¶.).


Summary form only given. A coaxial, Marshall type plasma gun is currently being used as a plasma source in an experiment with a plasma opening switch (POS). It has been suggested that a single, gas-driven plasma injector can replace one or more flashboards. The initial experiments are underway with a prototype gun, in which gas is injected into the system with a suitably modified automobile fuel injector. The experiments are conducted on a system which can supply 200 kA in one microsecond. Using the gas-driven injector, measurements of the exhaust plasma and POS performance have been made for various gases.


ABSTRACT The sensitivity of a large range of turbulence closures to the near-wall grid resolution is assessed through analytical and numerical techniques. We determine model boundedness, limiting behaviour, and solution dependence of channel flow simulations to the near-wall cell size . The sensitivity of present simulations to is strongly dependent on the choice of scale determining variable; and based models can lead to friction velocity errors of 1.5% and 4.74% at , the latter due to the singular behaviour of close to the wall. Here this is mitigated by adopting mathematically equivalent , or models, which reduce errors by an order of magnitude to at . The model is insensitive to motivating a new closure with updated coefficients and a cross diffusion term, with the aim to ensure its applicability to a wider range of flows.


A ruthenium complex prepared from tris(acetylacetonato)ruthenium, triphenylphosphine, and a strong acid showed high activity and selectivity in hydrogenation reaction of carboxylic anhydride. The structure of the complex was assigned to be mer-HRu(PR3)3(S)2+, (S: solvent), which is more active than the neutral ruthenium complexes.


Ten patients with bulimia nervosa and nine patients with anorexia nervosa were investigated to determine the association between the symptom complex "bingeing/vomiting" and structural brain alterations, i.e., ventricular dilation. In general, no evidence was found that the existence, continuation, or severity of bingeing and vomiting behavior per se significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of structural brain alterations in eating disorder patients.


To the Editor. —In the January 1988 issue of theArchives, Lewen and Eifrig 1 described a patient with a subclinical retinal detachment who was treated with an intravitreal injection of room air. Despite a large injection volume of 0.75 mL, internal tamponade was judged inadequate six hours following the procedure. A second injection of air was undertaken, but multiple fish-egg bubbles occurred and a small air bubble was trapped in the subretinal space. Because the macula was "threatened," the patient underwent a scleral buckling procedure with encircling and circumferential elements, external drainage of subretinal fluid, injection of air, and postoperative positioning. The authors termed the initial procedure "pneumatic retinopexy." As described by Hilton and Grizzard, 2 pneumatic retinopexy utilizes an intravitreal injection of an expansile gas, such as sulfur hexafluoride or perfluoropropane, to create an internal tamponade. External cryopexy or laser photocoagulation is then applied to create a chorioretinal


The present investigation is mainly focused on the reduction of NOX emissions from the diesel engine. In this experimental work, the diesel engine has initially run by diesel alone, secondly, 10% cottonseed methyl ester biodiesel (B10) and finally emulsion of 10% water with B10 (WiB10E) in combination. The emulsified biodiesel WiB10E shows the maximum reduction of NOX emissions in comparison with the pure diesel and B10 fuel operations. Also, due to the cooling effect provided by the water in the combustion chamber, the WiB10E shows the slight increase of the HC and CO emissions. Since WiB10E fuel has a boiling point difference, it leads to secondary atomisation. The WiB10E has shown the higher cylinder pressure of 65.92 bars at a crank angle of 366° due to microexplosion. Hence, emulsified biodiesel fuel is efficient in the reduction of NOX emissions amongst all the techniques.


The World Health Organization has projected that by 2030, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will be the third-leading cause of mortality and the seventh-leading cause of morbidity worldwide. [1] Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are associated with an accelerated decline in lung function, diminished quality of life


Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) usually emerges as a set of signs and symptoms that, either alone or in combination with standard treatment, may lead to malnutrition and weight loss.


TRYING TO COMPREHEND the purposes of an institution with a yearly budget greater than all but a handful of United States corporations is an awesome task. The task is made no less difficult when the institution is composed of many component subagencies, most of which have only the most tenuous relations one with another. Finally, the challenge of the task is increased still further when, rather than merely assemble the purposes of these several agencies, it is desired that they be ordered within some systematic framework.


During the present report period, data have been obtained on the solubilities of carbon dioxide in benzene at 310.2 K, and of ethane in n-hexatriacontane at 373.2 K and in n-tetratetracontane at 373.2 K and 423.2 K. These data are well described by the Soave and Peng-Robinson equations of state. Also, during this report period a low pressure recirculating vapor-liquid equilibrium still has been designed and constructed. Preliminary tests on selected systems confirm excellent operation of the new apparatus. 17 refs., 7 figs., 10 tabs.


Some mares fail to come into heat at the predicted time period. Failure to show heat and/or failure to develop follicles and ovulate can be an important problem in individual mares. 'Silent heats', in which mares develop follicles and ovulate without showing behavioral estrus are most common in mares with a foal at side and in maiden mares. Mares that fail to come into heat during a 3-week period should be examined by a veterinarian to determine if they have normal ovarian function and just not expressing heat or if they are not developing follicles at all. Pregnancy is an often overlooked cause of failure to return to estrus. It is interesting to note that almost every year we are presented with a mare to examine for breeding that is already pregnant, and usually the owner is unaware that the mare had been bred. However, it is a reasonable assumption that someone on the farm knew that an unplanned mating occurred.


A second order numerical method employing reference plane characteristics has been developed for the calculation of geometrically complex three dimensional nozzle-exhaust flow fields, heretofore uncalculable by existing methods. The nozzles may have irregular cross sections with swept throats and may be stacked in modules using the vehicle undersurface for additional expansion. The nozzles may have highly nonuniform entrance conditions, the medium considered being an equilibrium hydrogen-air mixture. The program calculates and carries along the underexpansion shock and contact as discrete discontinuity surfaces, for a nonuniform vehicle external flow.


Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a trophic factor promoting cell survival by activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ Akt kinase pathway. FKHRL1, a member of the Forkhead family of transcription factors possibly involved in cell cycle and apoptosis, is a downstream target of Akt in fibroblasts. However, very little information is available concerning neurons. We report herein that IGF-1 rapidly induced the phosphorylation of endogenous FKHRL1 in hippocampal neurons. The PI3K/Akt kinase pathway mediates this action, as evidenced by the use of different kinase inhibitors, the expression of constitutively active Akt, and in vitro kinase assay. IGF-1 blocked the nuclear translocation of FKHRL1 in hippocampal neurons and promoted survival in parallel to the phosphorylation of Akt and FKHRL1. Similarly, the expression of constitutively active Akt in PC-12 cells increased the phosphorylation of FKHRL1 and promoted survival, whereas the expression of kinase dead Akt attenuated IGF-1–mediated survival of PC-12 cells. Moreover, the overexpression of wild-type FKHRL1 and its nonphosphorylated mutant induced apoptosis in cultured hippocampal neurons. Interestingly, IGF-1 and PI3-kinase inhibitors have no significant effect on the cell cycle inhibitor p27kip1 in hippocampal neurons. This finding suggests that in contrast to fibroblasts, FKHRL1 is unlikely to be involved in cell cycle in neurons. Taken together, these data reveal that endogenous FKHRL1 is a downstream substrate of PI3K/Akt in IGF-1 receptor signaling in hippocampal neurons and suggest that the phosphorylation of this transcription factor may play an important role in the neuronal survival properties of IGF-1. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a polypeptide growth factor playing an important role in the normal development and maintenance of cellular integrity of the organism, including the central nervous system (Butler et al., 1998; Zheng et al., 2000a). IGF-1 and its receptors are expressed in different brain regions, including hippocampal formation, which play important roles in learning processes and are severely affected in Alzheimer's Disease (Doré et al., 1997; Zheng et al., 2000a). Recent studies have shown that IGF-1 possesses trophic effects in the hippocampus and promotes cell survival of cultured hippocampal neurons against different insults (Doré et al., 1997; Matsuzaki et al., 1999; O'Kusky et al., 2000; Yamaguchi et al., 2001; Trejo et al.,


BACKGROUND
To reduce the risk of new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by blood products some countries exclude persons who have spent six months or more cumulatively in the United Kingdom as blood donors.

METHOD
We asked our donors about this selection criteria to evaluate the loss of blood donors and donations in case of implementation of this measure.

RESULTS
11,681 donors and 1,648 refused persons were analyzed. 123 (1.05%) and 11 (0.66%) respectively fulfilled this criteria.

CONCLUSIONS
In case of implementation of this selection criteria 1% of blood donors and 1.77% blood donations would be lost.


In two cases of primary carcinoma of the liver, the early complaints were related to bony metastases, rather than to liver disease, although the latter was demonstrable on physical examination.


The invention discloses an inner transverse bar extrusion die for a cylindrical component. The inner transverse bar extrusion die comprises an upper die base, a wedge, a left convex die, a right convex die, a left convex die fixing plate, a right convex die fixing plate, a hydraulic cylinder of a left push-pull fixing plate, a hydraulic cylinder of a right push-pull fixing plate, a concave die, a stopper, a lower die base, a thrust bearing plate, a steel ball bearing bracket, a steel ball, a spring and a rotating device, wherein the left and the right convex dies are mounted on the upper die base and can slide left and right, the opposite side walls of the left and the right convex dies are slopes, and the wedge is embedded between the slope of the left convex die and the slope of the right convex die; the concave die is fixed on the lower die base through the stopper, and the upward and downward floatation of the concave die is realized on the lower die base through the spring. According to the inner transverse bar extrusion die provided by the invention, the separable convex dies and the floating type concave die are adopted, a workblank is vertically pressed down by the convex dies and driven to rotate by the concave die, a cylindrical wall is formed in a way that the workblank spirally flows upwards in the twisting process, cylinder fibers are spirally distributed and diagonally arranged, isotropy is realized, and the lateral and longitudinal comprehensive performance of the extruded component is improved.


type="main"> This paper investigates how firms' strategic alliance experience affects their valuations as acquisition targets or in initial public offerings (IPOs). We propose that alliance experience serves as a valuable signaling device for opaque firms. The results show that takeover targets with alliance experience receive higher premiums than those without such experience. More recent alliance experience as well as alliances in the same industry also contributes to a larger target gain. Similarly, IPO firms that have alliance experience obtain higher valuations than those without the experience. Finally, alliance experience increases the likelihood that private firms exit by going public rather than being acquired.


In the 1976 case of Liswaniso v The People, the Zambian Supreme Court held that illegally obtained evidence is admissible as long as it is relevant. Since then, unsuccessful attempts have been made to convince the Supreme Court and the High Court to reconsider this position, especially when the evidence in question has been obtained in violation of a right in the Bill of Rights. Recent decisions from the Supreme Court show that the court is unlikely to change its position on this issue. In this article, the author suggests ways in which the Supreme Court could relax, without necessarily overruling, its rule in the Liswaniso when dealing with evidence obtained through violating human rights.


In DHT based P2P networks, the heterogeneity of node capacity and the skewness in query pattern could result in lookup load imbalance. Indegree adjustment is an effective, light-weighted and heterogeneity-aware approach to balance lookup traffic in local area, but not globally. In this paper we present a hybrid algorithm combining in degree adjustment and virtual server (VS) approaches to address both local and global lookup imbalance in DHT networks. We divide local nodes into zones, and select strong nodes to form a virtual server group (VSG). Hot zones can apply for virtual servers from VSG in order to distribute load in system wide. Nodes and VSs in the zones use indegree adjustment to maintain zone balance. We can therefore significantly improve the load balancing of traffic in these systems, and consequently their performance.Results from experimental evaluation demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.


Background: The present interview with Mr. Federal Deputy Carlos Bezerra deals with Bill 6359/2013 of 2013, which aims to revoke Law No. 6,050, of May 24, 1974, which "provides for the fluoridation of water in supply systems when there is a treatment plant ". The PL justifies that it was found that the high intake of this substance caused fluorosis. Objective: to get to know PL 6359/2013 better, to ask about other possible effects of water fluoridation that PL 6359/2013 can remedy. Methods: the interview was conducted using the content of PL 6359/2013 as a basis. International studies, published mostly in indexed scientific journals, have provided the means for informing additional questions, which relate water fluoridation to the possibility of other disorders, including a possibility of reducing cognitive needs. The socio-economic effects of water fluoridation were also superficially possible. Results and Discussion: PL 6359/2013 was based on consistent arguments, and its proposition is understandable to legislators. Issues addressed that may relate water fluoridation to other health or social situations can be raised again in an appropriate future situation. Conclusions: PL 6359/2013 was founded on solid scientific and empirical evidence and proposed the amendment of the previous legislation (Law No. 6,050, of May 24, 1974), aimed at preserving the health of the population.


Objective To study the role of endothelial progenitor cells(Endothelial progenitor cells,EPCs) in streptozotocin induced diabetic cardiomyopathy oxidative stress.Methods Diabetic rat model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin,treatment group was treated with intravenous injection of EPCs cells.Myocardial tissue morphological changes was detected by HE staining.Fasting blood glucose was detected by glucose oxidase method.The content of GSH and MDA in rat serum were detected by kit.The expression level of eNOS and iNOS of myocardial tissue in rats was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results compared with the control group,myocardial hypertrophy and tissue disorganization were observed in model group,at the same time.The content of GSH in serum decreased and the content of MDA increased.iNOS in myocardial tissue and eNOS expression also increased.With the treatment of EPCs,the content of GSH picks up somewhat,while MDA,iNOS and eNOS levels drop,at the same time,myocardial injury was improved.Conclusion EPCs can alleviate streptozotocin induced diabetic cardiomyopathy and its mechanism may be associated with a reduction in oxidative stress and decreased of NOS.


The paper discusses uncertainty in estimation of sign of accumulated chromatic dispersion in an optical fiber communication link where the estimation is based on fitting a model of chromatic dispersion affected optical intensity waveforms to intensity measurement data. The uncertainty is characterized by probability of false readout of accumulated chromatic dispersion sign. Through extensive computations it is shown that despite the sign estimation in the method in question is in general ambiguous the chance for erroneous readout can be engineered to a desired level provided certain conditions are met. For the purpose of the characterization a theoretical model of sign false readout was developed and validated through combined measurements and simulations.


To the Editor: ''Long Live Your Imperial Majesty'' was the formal address to the Chinese emperors who reigned for more than 2,000 years between 221 BC and AD 1911. The emperor legally had the absolute power, as well as supreme rank and utmost dignity. Many emperors lived extravagant lives, featuring delicacies, palaces, harems, and imperial doctors. It would be interesting to know whether power and wealth allowed the emperors to survive longer than Buddhist monks and traditional Chinese doctors, who lived simple lives. The age at death, reign, lifestyle, and cause of death of all the Chinese emperors were extracted from archival historical records. The age at death of the Buddhist monks and traditional doctors living in the same dynasties was used for comparison. There were 259 Chinese emperors who reigned during the 24 dynasties from the first Qin Dynasty (221–207 BC) to the last Qing Dynasty (AD 1616–1911). The date of birth, date of death, and age at death were documented for 241 (93.1%) emperors. Mean age at death of the emperors was 41.3, which was significantly lower than that of the Buddhist monks and traditional Chinese doctors (Table 1). Even the emperors' servant eunuchs, who survived to 71.3 (range 55–94), outlived the emperors. Causes of death were natural disease for 160 (66.4%), homicide for 68 (28.2%), drug toxicity for eight (3.3%), and suicide for five (2.1%). Homicide resulted in a significantly lower age of death (mean age standard deviation 31.1 17.0) than disease (45.6 16.8), suicide (38.8 20.4), or drug toxicity (43.1 13.1). Emperor Ying Zheng (259–210 BC) reportedly died of swallowing mercury pills meant to make him immortal. He founded the Chinese imperial system and fascinates people with the Great Wall and the terra-cotta warriors and horses in China, which he ordered made. The way that a person became emperor was associated with age of death. Mean age at death was 56.2 14.2 for emperors who founded a dynasty (n 5 34), 39.6 17.2 for emperors whose title was transmitted from their fathers (n 5 174), and 33.3 16.8 for emperors whose dynasties ended (n 5 33, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) Po.001). Of the last 33 emperors, 16 died of homicide, and four committed suicide. The last emperor in China, Pu Yi (AD 1906–67), survived to the age of 62 and died in Beijing of cancer during the Cultural Revolution. Emperors who reigned for short period had a low age at death. Mean age at death was 31.8 17.1 if an emperor reigned for 0 to 5 years (n 5 84, 34.9%), 39.7 14.8 years if the emperor reigned for 6 to 10 years (n 5 33, 13.7%), and 47.9 16.3 years if the emperor reigned for longer than 10 years (n 5 124, 51.4%; one-way ANOVA Po.001). Of those who reigned for 0 to 5 years, 20 (23.8%) were the last emperors of their dynasties, and 48 (57.1%) died of the following reasons: homicide (n 5 42), suicide (n 5 3), and drug toxicity (n 5 3). Lifestyles were documented in 88 emperors, and 82 (93.2%) were overindulgent in drinking alcohol (n 5 9), sexual activity (n 5 8), or both (n 5 65). The overindulgent emperors had an age at death similar to that of those who died from homicide or suicide. The mean age of death was 31.4 (range 18–31) for the sexually overindulgent emperors, 38.6 (range 23–60) for the alcoholics, and 36.6 (range 23– 55) for those overindulgent in alcohol and sexual activity. In contrast, only six emperors performed regular exercise and refrained from overindulgence. They survived to a mean age of 81.0 7.6 (range 69–89). All six of these long-lived emperors championed a simple lifestyle. Emperor Xiao Yan (AD 464–549) was a Buddhist monk before he was enthroned as the first emperor of the Liang Dynasty (AD 502– 557). He was also a scholar of literature, music, and calligraphy. Emperor Hong Li (AD 1711–1799), the fourth emperor of the Qing Dynasty (AD 1644–1911), traveled extensively around China and was accomplished as a master in martial arts, literature, calligraphy, and painting. An extravagant life, medications from imperial doctors, and supreme power are no guaranty of a long life. In contrast, the short-lived Chinese emperors teach us that overindulgence in drinking alcohol, drugs, and sexual activity are equal to homicide and suicide.


© 2017 M. Kapovich. We prove that the Krull dimension of the ring of holomorphic functions of a connected complex manifold is at least the cardinality of continuum if and only if it is > 0.


This paper presents a method for massively parallel learning of part-of-speech disambiguation based on a minmax modular neural network model. The method has three main steps. Firstly, a large-scale tagging problem is decomposed into a number of relatively smaller and simpler subproblems according to the class relations among a given training corpus. Secondly, all of the subproblems are learned by small network modules in parallel. Finally, following two module combination principles, all of the trained network modules are integrated into a modular parallel tagging system that produces solutions to the original tagging problem. The proposed method has several advantages over the existing tagging systems based on multilayer perceptrons. (1) Training times can be drastically reduced and desired learning accuracy can be easily achieved; (2) the method can scale up to larger tagging problems; and (3) the tagging system has quick response and facilitates hardware implementation. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we perform simulations on two different language corpora: a Thai corpus and a Chinese corpus, which have 29,028 and 45,595 ambiguous words, respectively. We also compare our method with several existing tagging models such as hidden Markov models, multilayer perceptrons and neuro-taggers. The results show that both the learning accuracy and generalization performance of the proposed tagging model are better than statistical models and multilayer perceptrons, and they are comparable to the most successful tagging models.


The Work-Centred Welfare State - Peter Taylor-Gooby Has Modern Politics Disenchanted the Young? - Alison Park Teenagers on Family Values - Miranda Phillips Can Britain Close the Digital Divide? - Catherine Bromley e-politics? The Impact of the Internet on Political Trust and Participation - John Curtice and Pippa Norris Genomic Science - Patrick Sturgis, Helen Cooper, Chris Fife-Schaw and Richard Shepherd Emerging Public Opinion Dimensions of British Identity - James Tilley, Sonia Exley and Anthony Heath Understanding the Rising Tide of Anti-Immigrant Sentiment - Lauren McLaren and Mark Johnson Does England want Devolution Too? - John Curtice and Mark Sandford


The purpose of this paper is to study two differential equations. A method of approximation by iteration is used to define sequences of functions which converge to solutions of these equations. Some properties of the solutions are proved for general boundary conditions and certain special solutions are studied in detail.


It has become doubtful whether private business (commercial) schools are still relevant in the present-day Nigeria. This study which was of a descriptive survey design sought to determine the acceptance of the contemporary relevance of this type of institutions. Three hypotheses were accordingly tested at 0.05 level of significance. Purposive sample of 170 secondary school business educators in Enugu State was drawn to source data from a structured questionnaire validated by three experts and with a reliability coefficient of 0.78. Data were analyzed with t-test and one-way ANOVA. It was found that secondary school business educators accepted the contemporary relevance of private business schools. While this acceptance was not based on the gender and experience of the business educators, it was based on their areas of specialization. It was recommended that government and private business school proprietors should provide requisite resources and standardized curriculum and modes of operation for this type of institutions.


Cyclosporin A (CyA) is an efficient immunosuppressive agent, which, however, causes functional and structural alterations in endothelial cells. The aim of the present study was to examine the mechanisms of CyA-induced endothelial disfunction. CyA administration (Wistar rats, 25 mg/kg per day for 15 days) induced a significant inhibition of endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine on isolated femoral arteries. No changes with CyA were detected in the relaxation response to the endothelium-independent agent (sodium nitroprusside) or the endothelium-dependent receptor-independent agent (Ca21 ionophore). The addition of L-arginine (10-5 mol/L) shifted to the left the acetylcholinemediated vasorelaxing response in CyA-treated segments, an effect that was accompanied by a marked increase of cGMP. 45Ca21 uptake was higher in CyA-treated segments with reC yclosporin A (CyA) is a peptide with a leading role in immunosuppressive treatment, particularly in organ transplantation. In parallel with its outstanding antirejection properties, CyA has considerable toxic effects, with repercussions on both renal and vascular function. CyA toxicity has been characterized in patients1 and animal experimental models.2 As the main effects on kidney and vascular structure and function, CyA has been shown to provoke contraction and hyperplasia of small arteries, with decreased renal cortical flow and glomerular filtration rate.3 The principal mechanism of renal damage by CyA appears to be of vascular origin. However, the precise mechanisms of this type of CyA toxicity are still insufficiently clarified. Several studies have been published reporting CyA toxic effects on diverse vascular regulatory systems, including activation of the sympathetic system,2'4 loss of the prostacyclin thromboxane A2 equilibrium in the vascular wall,5,6 local platelet aggregation and microthrombi formation,7 and increase of Ca2+ uptake by vascular smooth muscle and mesangial cells in culture.8 New information has been recently provided suggesting that a main site of impaired vascular regulation by Received December 28, 1992; accepted November 30, 1993. From the Instituto de Investigaciones Medicas (M.J.G., A.J.L.F., M.P.G., S.C., L.H., C.A.C.), Fundaci6n Jimenez Diaz, and the Departamento de Fisiologia (A.L.G.V., J.L.G.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut6noma de Madrid (Spain). Correspondence to Carlos A. Caramelo, MD, Instituto de Investigaciones M6dicas, Fundaci6n Jim6nez Diaz, Facultad de Medicina, U. Aut6noma, Reyes Cat6licos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain. spect to control segments but became normalized after incubation with L-arginine or sodium nitroprusside. Deendothelization or incubation with the L-arginine competitive analogue Nw-nitro-L-arginine (NwNLA) increased 45Ca2` uptake in control segments but not in CyA-treated segments. In conclusion, in isolated rat arteries, chronic CyA therapy affects endothelial function by uncoupling the acetylcholine-mediated relaxation and interfering with an endothelium-mediated pathway that regulates 45Ca2 uptake by a mechanism reversed by an L-arginine-dependent cGMP generation. (Circ Res.


A novel Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is declared as the international public health emergency concern by the World Health Organization in the month of March 2020. This viral disease invented from China in the month of December 2019 has previously caused havoc around the world, including India. In this paper, efficient mathematical models using Gustafson-Kessel fuzzy clustering approach for the transmission of the COVID-19 are developed by considering the actual reported cases in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The results proved a good concord between the reported data and the estimated data given by the proposed models. Moreover, the developed models are also capable to predict the requirements of beds in hospitals on the month of August 2020 in Tamil Nadu, India. Also, this work suggests strictly implementing/extending the complete lockdown for at least 21 days in the month of August 2020 and immediate separation of infected cases are the positive steps to reduce the spread of novel corona virus in Tamil Nadu state, India.


Abstract The kinetic energy of hailfalls is measured with a 10 cm radar. For comparison of the results a total of 204 hailpad stations was used covering an area of 780 km2, i.e., one pad per 3.8 km2. The experimental setup is such that the largest distance between any hailpad and the radar is less than 30 km. The radar is accurately calibrated with raindrop disdrometers and hailstone spectrometers. The radar data consist of PPI pictures obtained at a constant elevation angle of 5.5° with a time resolution of 1 min and a reflectivity resolution of 5 dBZ. The radar reflectivity values are transformed into kinetic energies by means of empirical Z–Ė relations obtained from measured time-resolved hailstone spectra. The data of six severe hailstorms are studied and the following results are obtained: 1) The correlation coefficient of corresponding hailpad and radar derived kinetic energies at single points of a hailstorm is 0.7, a value which can be increased to 0.8 if four-point averages are taken; 2) the glob...


Genomic data that are available in large volumes will define the need for new data analysis techniques and tools. Gene expressions data sets analysis through clustering is a combinatorial optimization problem. Combining with the conception of Harmony search in Optimization theory on combinatrics and with genomic halving technique in game theory, a new algorithm is proposed for clustering the Gene expressions datasets by Combinatorial Fusion Analysis mechanism. Meta heuristic algorithms are one of the best optimization techniques that are useful for finding optimal or near optimal solutions for combinatorial optimization problems whose search space is very huge. The inter cluster gene expressions datasets optimized by harmony search to overcome the problem of local optima , the dynamic memory improvisation in initial cluster assignment and the cluster size, the redundancy over the genomic data will be cleared out by applying by the whole genome duplication events in molecular evolution with the genomic halving technique. In this paper, a new algorithm and a framework are proposed to analyze the gene-expressions in various situations with the help of graph theory technique and Optimization Theory.


Describes a drug delivery device comprising a drug reservoir assembly, a displacement actuator, and administration unit, wherein the drug reservoir assembly comprises at least one flexible wall and a confinement ring, so as to produce displacement by the actuator so that the flexible wall of the collapsed assembly, to discharge the contents of the drug to the drug reservoir of a drug delivery device.


Soil salinity is due to the dissolved salt in the soil or groundwater. Salinity can be defined as the condition of the soil with EC > 4 dS/m (equivalent to 40 mM NaCl), the osmotic pressure of 0.2 MPa, and the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of <15. Salinity occurs on dry land dry climate and on tidal swamp land near the beach. Saline land area is increasing as a result of land degradation due to various causes. The combination of excessive fertilization, poor irrigation systems and climate change are some of the factors causing salinity. This causes salinity becomes an important issue in the development of agriculture today and in the future. Research on evaluation of soybean resistant to salinity had been done, however, there were some inconsistence results. This paper aimed to review the method of screening for salinity tolerance of soybean, to obtain an appropriate method. Screening for saline-tolerant soybean genotypes need to be done on the entire growth phases of plant, to see the consistency of genotypic resistance to salinity. Things to be considered in screening salinity tolerant in soybean including (1) controlling DHL periodically, (2) the selection of observed variables correlated directly with the saline-tolerant characters, (3) a preliminary test to determine the critical limits of salinity tolerance and (4) to perform molecular screening to reduce the amount of the genotype if the number is too many. The activities should be continued with its physiological screening, to avoid the false result due to the phenotype and genotypes-environment interaction.


Abstract Effective volumes, moments of inertia and Debye relaxation times in the excited state were determined for some oxido-substituted p-oligophenylenes by the method of fluorescence depolarization in nonpolar and polar solvents of different viscosities.


The method for making data of foreground and background data bases be identical includes the following steps: setting edition number of foreground single-board data base; sending data update command message to foreground from background , said data update message includes edition number of correspondent single-board data base stored in background; foreground single-board can judge that the edition number carried in message and edition number of data base in local board are identical or not; if they are identical, executing update command, up-grading edition number of local board data base and back returning successful message successful and up-graded edition number into background; otherwise, back returning failure message; after the above-mentioned successful message is received by background, updating correspondent data in background data base and up-grading edition number of correspondent data base; after the failure message is received by background, recording said data update transaction into single-board transaction storage space and starting secondary data update process.


Abstract The aim of our study was to develop a multimodal experimental protocol for in vivo imaging and metabolic parameters (MRI, DTI and 1H MRS) in an animal model of neurodegeneration. We have successfully developed the protocol for simultaneous DTI/MRI/1H MRS measurement to ensure unaltered conditions for repeatable non-invasive experiments. In this experiment, diffusion tensor imaging, spectroscopic and volumetric "bio-markers" were generated in the brain for the D-galactose model of "age-related dementia". The hippocampal relative volume, taurine and myo-inositol relative concentrations were found to be significant predictors contributing to the differences between the groups of rats treated with D-galactose in simulated "neurodegeneration", even in response to the applied Huperzine A therapy.


In mixed cultures, carbon and electron sources for Desulfovibrio desulfuricans are excreted by Escherichia coli from glucose fermentation. Desulfovibrio produces substrates for Chlorobium strain.


The GIS Web Service of programming model is the new sort of Internet GIS of system model face to service;the programming interface of spatial information disposal function is afforded.The system function? the elements and characteristic are discussed.


The system Pd(OAc) 2 /dppb was found to be an efficient catalyst precursor for the direct arylation of 3-formylthiophene derivatives. When using 3-formylthiophene, the 2-arylated thiophenes were obtained with regioselectivities of 76―86 %, whereas the arylation of 3-formylthiophene diethyl acetal gave the 5-arylated thiophenes with regioselectivities of 64― 88 %. These reactions were performed by using only 0.1 mol-% of the catalyst. Moreover, this procedure has been found to be tolerant to a variety of functional groups on the aryl bromide such as formyl, propionyl, benzoyl, nitrile, or nitro.


To develope a scheme of an efficient archival arrangement and management, this study, through the methodology in France which named `archives` for the first time and produce the best qualified archivistes every year from ENC(Ecole Nationales des Charles) , has started the problem of the adjustment of terminology which must be basically established, the foundation and history of archives, and their kinds and characteristics in the view of periods, contents and materials. After, for the core of an efficient archival arrangement and management, the study goes on theoretical and practical sides : educational courses for archival studies in part, appraisal, selection and collection, arrangement, communication and valorization of archives in other part.


Blood has been used for a long time as a therapeutic resource and based on this, the number of blood donors has increased progressively during the last years. Blood donation results in loss of iron in each collection procedure. Therefore, it is necessary to take special care before and after the transfusion procedures. This study assessed the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia through hematocrit concentration and iron determination in 60 medical records of blood donation candidates, age 18 or older, at the Hemotherapy center in the City of Concordia, SC, Brazil. Data were collected and tabulated in the month of June/2009. Iron deficiency anemia has its origins in the lack of iron in the body, and this is verified by examining the hematocrit rate and iron determination. In this study, the prevalence of anemia was not verified in the blood donation candidates under research. However, deficiency of iron was verified, which might have been caused by blood collection.


IN considering the subject of epiphyses I have come to the conclusion that they are of at least three kinds. The first are those which appear at the articular ends of long bones, whose shape corresponds more or less exactly with the cartilage-covered area. These may be spoken of as pressure epiphyses, since they transmit the weight of the body from bone to bone. The second kind form knob-like processes or, in some cases, caps over the tops of knobs where important muscles are attached to bones. Traction epiphyses will, perhaps, be a good name for these, since they are concerned with the pull of muscles. The third kind includes those epiphyses which represent parts of the skeleton at one time of functional importance, but which, having lost their function, have now become fused with neighbouring bones, and only appear as separate ossifications in early life. These I propose to speak of as atavistic epiphyses. On a former occasion I J called the attention of the Society to two examples of what I thought were atavistic epiphyses in man's pelvis-the tuberosity of the ischium representing the hypoischium of reptiles, and the little centre of ossification which appears at the angle of the pubis corresponding to the epipubis of amphibians and reptiles. I now wish to make a few remarks on traction epiphyses. In the first place, these are, I believe, more modern structures, phylogenetically, than pressure epiphyses. There is a widespread belief among anatomists that epiphyses of all kinds are found in mammals alone. I do not know where this idea originated, or how I came to hear it, but I am sorry to say I have been in the habit of teaching it up to a few months ago. On making sections of the bones of reptiles I have found


The flipped classroom approach has recently begun to attract attention. In a flipped classroom, the conventional roles of classroom and homework are reversed: students study on their own using digital teaching materials or e-learning prior to class and then apply their learning in classroom activities. The authors have developed a method for improving the effectiveness of the classroom component: the students in a class are grouped on the basis of the time they spent studying as recorded in their self-study logs and their degree of understanding as revealed by a self-study achievement test, and a different learning model is used for each group to improve their degree of understanding. Although they were unable to find a meaningful statistical difference in the test scores obtained in an experiment using one class of 34 students, there was a notable difference in the way questions were answered. The results of a free-description questionnaire indicate that the group learning encourages active learning.


From 1961 to 1971, the undergraduate course Curso Normal, at Instituto Estadual de Educacao , followed the process of modernization of the city of Florianopolis (Santa Catarina State). The present study seeks to understand the beauty rituals that involved the prom preparation and the organization of the beauty contest "A mais bela normalista", as elements which integrated the school culture at that time. The circulation and repercussion of cultural and pedagogical models are conceived as analytical categories in which it is observed the historical intelligibility towards school practices. Written documents, iconic documents, and school materials constitute the documental corpus. The research made possible the understanding of solemnities at the prom and at the beauty contest "A mais bela normalista" as events associated to the process of modernization sought at the school. Keywords: Curso Normal, prom, beauty contest, cultural and pedagogical models.


Unit of translation varies from words, phrases to sentences and paragraphs. Sentence group as translation unit in Chinese-English translation has the following advantages: 1) to express the coherence between sentences; 2) to reflect different levels of the topic; 3) to arrange the word order according to the habit of target language; and 4) to elaborate the main theme.


The study assessed the dosage, clinical sedative effect, and safety of intraoral and intranasal midazolam in 20 children from the pediatric dental clinic. Data was collected fasm children classified as ASA 1 and Frankl type II and III. Sedation was adequate to ensure successful completion of treatment in patients with oral sedation. Sedation was achieved with an oral dosage of 0.3 mg/kg of midazolam chlorhydrate. There were no signs of respiratory depression or of oxygen desaturation below 98% on pulse oximetry. No supplemental oxygen was required and there were no other complications. It is concluded that intraoral midazolam is a safe and effective alternative in the definitive treatment to reduce in pedodontics children.


This paper provided a concise review and different failure modes of existing researches on RC beams,slabs,columns and conjunction points and masonry structures strengthened with externally bonded FRP.The technique of external bonding FRP is promising to be applied widely in strengthening construction.


This study aims to analyze the strategic role of public relations management and public services in improving the quality of education in schools. The research method used is library research or library research. Through this approach, researchers conduct a search and analysis of literature sources that are relevant and related to the research topic. Effective public relations management can strengthen school relationships with stakeholders and increase understanding of education goals, policies, and programs. In addition, this research also studies the role of public services in providing quality services to the school community. The results of this study provide a more comprehensive understanding of the importance of effective management of public relations and public services in improving the quality of education, as well as providing practical recommendations for practitioners and decision makers in the field of education to improve existing policies and practices.


A Hamiltonian formulation of anisotropic perfect-fluid-filled Kantowski-Sachs universes based on Demaret and Moncrief 's unconstrained Arnowitt-Deser-Misner Hamiltonian is given; the canonical equations are derived and shown to be equivalent to the field equations, which proves the coherence of the reduction process. A canonical quantization method equivalent to the one previously used to quantize the perfect-fluid-filled diagonal Bianchi types I, V, and IX cosmological models is applied to the Kantowski-Sachs universes, leading to a Schroedinger equation for the wave function of these models and thus to a probability interpretation of the formalism. The density of probability of finding these universes in the classical singular state is shown to be zero for each barotropic equation of state of the type p = (..gamma..-1)rho (1< or =..gamma..< or =2) apart from a set of measure zero of models corresponding to the stiff equation of state p = rho.


A quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) model was developed for the aqueous-phase hydroxyl radical reaction rate constants (kOH) employing quantum chemical descriptors and multiple linear regressions (MLR). The QSAR development followed the OECD guidelines, with special attention to validation, applicability domain (AD) and mechanistic interpretation. The established model yielded satisfactory performance: the correlation coefficient square (R2) was 0.905, the root mean squared error (RMSE) was 0.139, the leave-many-out cross-validated QLMO2 was 0.806, and the external validated QEXT2 was 0.922 log units. The AD of the model covering compounds of phenols, alkanes and alcohols, was analyzed by Williams plot. The main molecular structural factors governing kOH are the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), average net atomic charges on hydrogen atoms (), molecular surface area (MSA) and dipole moment (μ). It was concluded that kOH increased with increasing EHOMO and MSA, while decreased with increasing and μ.


For 5 years, a 54-year-old woman had been bothered by an intermittent dermatitis on her left hand and wrist. The rash had remained constant during the past year. The patient, a hairdresser, usually wears gloves when she works. Moderate erythema and flaking were noted on her hands.


This study will investigate the internal as well as the external factors that influence the acquisition of English language by Yemeni kindergartens (KG2) students. To achieve its objectives, some different activities have been used to find out new styles to teach English language to the children at the age of 4-6 years old at three different kindergartens instruction phases. Findings show that Age and Motivation are the most important factors that affect the learning of a second language  in spite of the fact that there are some other important factors, either internal or external, that affect the learning process.


Implant removal rates after clavicle plating are high. Recently, low-profile dual mini-fragment plate constructs have proven safe for the fixation of diaphyseal clavicle fractures. Therefore, the aims of this study was to investigate: (1) the biomechanical competence of different dual plate designs in terms of stiffness and cycles to failure, and (2) to compare them against 3.5 mm single superoanterior plating.

 12 artificial clavicles were assigned to 2 groups and instrumented with titanium matrix mandible plates as follows: group 1 (2.5 mm anterior+2.0 mm superior) and group 2 (2.0 mm anterior+2.0 mm superior). An unstable clavicle shaft fracture (AO/OTA15.2C) was simulated. Specimens were cyclically tested to failure under craniocaudal cantilever bending, superimposed with torsion around the shaft axis and compared to previous published data of 6 locked superoanterior plates tested under the same conditions (group 3)

 Displacement (mm) after 5000 cycles was highest in group 3 (10.7±0.8) followed by group 2 (8.5±1.0) and group 1 (7.5±1.0), respectively. Both outcomes were significantly higher in group 3 as compared to both groups 1 and 2 (p≤0.027). Cycles to failure were highest in group 3 (19536±3586) followed by group 1 (15834±3492) and group 2 (11104±3177), being significantly higher in group 3 as compared to group 2 (p=0.004).

 Low-profile 2.0/2.0 dual plates demonstrated similar initial stiffness compared to 3.5 mm single plates, however, they revealed significantly lower endurance to failure. Moreover, low-profile 2.5/2.0 dual plates showed significant higher initial stiffness and similar resistance to failure compared to 3.5 mm single locked plates and can therefore be considered as a useful alternative for diaphyseal clavicle fracture fixation. These results complement the promising results of several clinical studies.


Aim: This study evaluates the effect of lithium disilicate veneer ceramics on the color difference (∆Eab and ∆E00), translucency parameters (TPab and TP00), and opalescence parameter (OP) of different thicknesses and translucencies. Methodology: Ten 0.5 mm thick zirconia core specimens were prepared, and sixty veneer ceramics in A2 shade were prepared from hightranslucence (HT) and low-translucence (LT) lithium disilicate glassceramics (IPS e.max CAD) in three different thicknesses (0.5 mm, 0.7 mm, and 1 mm). The specimens were evaluated as bilayered structures, and group names were assigned based on the thickness of the core–veneer combinations (n = 10): E1 = (0.5 + 0.5), E2 = (0.5 + 0.7), and E3 = (0.5 + 1). A spectrophotometer (Vita EasyShade V) was used to measure the Commission Internationale de l'Elcairage (CIE) color coordinates L*, a*, and b*, and the ∆Eab, ∆E00, TPab, TP00, and OP values were calculated. A twoway analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD tests (α = 0.05) and Pearson correlation tests (α = 0.01) were applied for statistical analysis. Results: The optical properties (∆E76, ∆E00, TP76, TP00, and OP) of the bilayered zirconia-based ceramics were significantly affected by the thickness and translucency of the lithium disilicate veneer ceramics (p<0.001). However, the interaction between the thickness and translucency of the veneer ceramic was significant only for OP (p<0.05). For each thickness, the TP76 and TP00 values were significantly higher for the HT groups than for the LT groups. The HT groups demonstrated higher OP values than the LT groups, and there were strong correlations between ∆E76 and ∆E00 and TP76 and TP00. Furthermore, there were significant correlations between the TP76 and TP00 values and the OP parameter. Conclusion: The optical properties of the bilayered structures were significantly affected by the thickness and translucency of the veneer ceramics. Therefore, the thickness and translucency of the veneer ceramic must be taken into account to achieve a restoration with the desired shade and appearance.


Prior research on learning management system (LMS) continuance focused on either the perspective of educators or that of students. Such studies fall short in advising customised intervention plans based on the user type. This paper investigates perceptions of both educators and students, and tests the moderating role of user type (educators vs. students) in determining the satisfaction and continued use of the LMS. We adopted the information systems (IS) continuance model extended with ease of use and placed user type as a moderator. We test the model by collecting data from 170 educators and 233 students in a Finnish university who use a popular LMS, Moodle. Partial least squares (PLS) technique is employed to test the possible moderation effects. The PLS analysis results revealed that user type moderates most of the relationships in the extended IS continuance model such that the relationships are stronger for students than educators.


Agreement Between Parent and Teacher Ratings of Social Communication Abilities on the Children's Communication Checklist–Second Edition Courtney Lynn Millar Hammond Department of Communication Disorders, BYU Master of Science The Children's Communication Checklist-Second Edition (CCC-2) is a behavior rating scale developed to address the difficulties of assessing social communication in children. It was designed to be completed by a parent rater. However, since it would be helpful to know the extent to which ratings are context-dependent, this study looked at the agreement between parent and teacher ratings on the CCC-2 as well as the percent agreement on the severity of disorder. Twelve parent-teacher pairs completed the CCC-2 for children who had a documented developmental language disorder with specific impairment in social communication. Cohen's kappas, Cohen's weighted kappas, and percent agreement of severity of disorder were calculated. Kappa results ranged from less than chance agreement to fair agreement. When differentiating between scores that represent disorder and no disorder, parent and teacher percent agreement for the CCC-2 10 subscales range from 42% to 75%. Further delineation between no disorder, disorder, or severe disorder yielded percent agreement ranging from 17% to 50%. Overall percent agreement on the general communication composite was 92%. Results indicate that while parents and teachers have poor to fair agreement on the exact nature of a child's social communication strengths and weaknesses, they largely agree when a social communication problem exists. Lack of agreement likely resulted from the parent and teacher seeing the child in different contexts which required a somewhat different set of social communication abilities, or a difference in rater perception of what is within the developmental norms. These findings suggest that the best indication of a child's social communication profile may lie in a holistic assessment of performance in all the important contexts in a child's life, including school and home.


Purpose: This study was to investigate errors of death certificate (DC) issued for patients with trauma.
Methods: A retrospective review for DC issued after death related to trauma at a training hospital trauma center was conducted. Errors on DC were classified into major and minor errors depending on their influence on the process of selecting the cause of death (COD). All errors were compared depending on the place of issue of DC, medical doctors who wrote the DC, and the number of lines filled up for COD of DC.
Results: Of a total 140 DCs, average numbers of major and minor errors per DC were 0.8 and 3.7, respectively. There were a total of 2.8 errors for DCs issued at the emergency department (ED) and 5.4 errors for DCs issued beyond ED. The most common major error was more than one COD on a single line for DCs issued at the ED and incompatible casual relation between CODs for DCs issued beyond ED. The number of major errors was 0.5 for emergency physician and 0.8 for trauma surgeon and neurosurgeon. Total errors by the number of lines filled up for COD were the smallest (3.1) for two lines and the largest (6.0) for four lines.
Conclusions: Numbers of total errors and major errors on DCs related to trauma only were 4 and 0.8, respectively. As more CODs were written, more errors were found.


We report on the superhydrophobicity of self-organized surfaces of polyethylene (PE) nanowire arrays that are fabricated by a nano-injection moulding technique. The highly-aligned PE nanofibers with high aspect ratio are formed after the infiltration of polymer melts into the alumina nanopores by wetting action and fluid vibrational perturbation. The self-organized surfaces of polymer nanowire arrays are found to have micro-to-nanoscale hierarchical nanostructures, and have superhydrophobicity of >150° contact angles. The present superhydrophobic surfaces may be quite promising due to its simple but massive production with high quality.


American political and civic engagement was examined by life stage and educational attainment levels in 2008 political data. Engaged proportions of older Americans were larger than young Americans for Memberships, Voting, and Social Trust. A larger proportion of Young Adults (23%) than Older Adults (19%), however, was found for Online Participation (x 2 =8.25, p=.02). College Degree proportions were larger than No Degree proportions for all measures. Gaps between Older College Graduates and Young College Graduates were smaller than gaps between Older Adults and Young Adults for Memberships and Social Trust. The strong, inverse association between Young Adults and Voting (b= -1.11) was weakened with the product predictor Young College Graduates (b= -1.07). Online Participation and Young College Graduates (b=.605) was the only positive correlation with ages 18-29 years. Evidence to support notions of new politics and a techno-deterministic transformation of political engagement (Calenda & Meijer, 2009) was found in American data.


From its birth,the Chinese environment journalism has become an important part of the "government-led" environmental protection work,and obtained the fast development.But in this process,it has had a series of disadvantages,such as the thick color of administration,the prominent characteristics of utility,the marginalization of public interest and so on.In order to change this disadvantageous situation and help the environment journalism to develop healthily,the media must change the sole administrative leadership pattern and market expense logic,provide the specialized service to reconstruct the publicness,and let government,the public and the NGO have effective cooperation to revolve the Chinese environmental problems.


This paper deals with a master-slave control strategy for a ISOP (input-series and output-parallel) connected full-bridge DC-DC converter system, and each separate module is controlled by phase-shift control method. The master module regulates the output voltage of the whole system, and overcomes the problem of narrow range of output voltage regulation. The slave module balances input voltages between two modules. At the same time, the strategy has advantages of high flexibility and that it is easy to implement modularization, which is suitable for high input voltage and high power system. In this paper, the principle of phase-shift control method and the realization of master-slave control strategy are described. At last, the master-slave with phase-shift control strategy is verified by simulation.


Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of leadership, competence, and innovation on employee performance.
Methodology/Technique: The study was conducted using primary data obtained from a survey of 160 employees of Bank Indonesia Department of Money Management (DPU). The data analysis method used is SEM with Lisrel 8.80 statistical software.
Findings: Results show that leadership had no positive and significant effect on employee performance, while competency, and innovation had a positive and significant effect on the employee performance of Bank Indonesia. Department of Money Management (DPU).
Novelty: Data processing proves that leadership, competence, and innovation simultaneously affect the performance of Bank Indonesia employees (DPU), but leadership does not have a significant impress on employee performance, it shows that the performance of Bank Indonesia employees (DPU) prioritizes the system. From the results of competencies and innovations that show a positive and significant impress, it shows that the achievement performance of DPU employees which is driven by competence and innovation possessed by DPU employees is more dominant and also encourages the birth of breakthroughs that can make the work process more effective and efficient.


Large-scale engineering systems, such as propulsive engines, ship structures, and wind farms, feature complex, multi-scale interactions between multiple physical phenomena. Characterizing the operation and performance of such systems requires detailed computational models. Even with advances in modern computational capabilities, however, high-fidelity (e.g., large eddy) simulations of such a system remain out of reach. In this work, we develop a reduced‐order modeling framework to enable accurate predictions of large-scale systems. We target engineering systems which are difficult to simulate at a high-enough level of fidelity, but are decomposable into different components. These components can be modeled using a combination of strategies, such as reduced-order models (ROM) or reduced-fidelity full-order models (RF-FOM). Component-based training strategies are developed to construct ROMs for each individual component. These ROMs are then integrated to represent the full system. Notably, this approach only requires high-fidelity simulations of a much smaller computational domain. System-level responses are mimicked via external boundary forcing during training. Model reduction is accomplished using model-form preserving least-squares projections with variable transformation (MP-LSVT) (Huang et al., Journal of Computational Physics, 2022, 448: 110742). Predictive capabilities are greatly enhanced by developing adaptive bases which are locally linear in time. The trained ROMs are then coupled and integrated into the framework to model the full large-scale system. We apply the methodology to extremely complex flow physics involving combustion dynamics. With the use of the adaptive basis, the framework is demonstrated to accurately predict local pressure oscillations, time-averaged and RMS fields of target state variables, even with geometric changes.


With the rapid growth of fifth-generation (5G), network operators have met with difficulties in ensuring user satisfaction due to diverse service-level agreement (SLA) requirements. Application-aware routing is able to potentially address this issue in implementing differentiated routing policies corresponding to various applications. To facilitate the application-aware routing, software-defined networking (SDN) and segment routing (SR) are potential solutions with programmability property to steer network traffic into appropriate routing paths. However, application-aware SR encounters two main problems, including application identification for encrypted traffic and path identification with human intervention. Therefore, this article proposes a new SDN-based SR mechanism that could help network operators overcome these problems. This approach implements reinforcement learning to adapt to dynamic networks in order to optimize the quality of experience (QoE) that network operators must guarantee. The proposal also considers the application class to implement corresponding routing policies for various applications to meet the stringent SLA requirements. Identifying the applications is sometimes complicated due to encrypted network traffic. Hence, our proposal implements a traffic classification approach to classify encrypted traffic into different kinds of applications. Obtained results under considered conditions illustrate that our proposal outperforms the standard SR mechanism related to QoE and decreases up to 64.39% of overhead compared to several benchmarks.


: A new RP-HPLC method for the quantitative determination of Flupiritine Maleate and Paracetamol was developed and validated as per ICH guidelines. The drugs were injected into Azilent HPLC system with SPD-20A Detector and C 18 column (250×4.6, 5 µm) maintained at ambient temperature and effluent monitored at 240 nm. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% Orthophosphoric acid: Methanol (50:50 V/V). The flow rate was maintained at 1.0 ml/min. The calibration curve for flupiritine maleate and paracetamol was linear from 6-300.03µg/ml and 1.25 - 60.08µg/ml (r 2 for Flupiritine Maleate =1.0 and r 2 for Paracetamol = 0.99). The proposed method was adequate, sensitive, reproducible, accurate and precise for the determination of Flupiritine Maleate and Paracetamol in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.


Editor: Sean Curtin Managing Editor: John Toppon Production Assistant: Abbie Martin In this issue we focus on contemporary Japanese themes with reviews examining the current state of gender equality, politics, social issues, foreign policy and modern architecture. We also have a retrospective report on the exhibition of prehistoric Japanese miniature clay figurines held at the Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts in Norwich during the summer of 2010. Our first review explores The New Paradox for Japanese Women: Greater Choice, Greater Inequality, a thought provoking book analyzing the social inequality experienced by women in today's Japan. The position of Japanese women is compared with that of men, producing a not especially positive set of results. Despite the 1985 Equal Employment Opportunity Law women still significantly lag behind men in all major areas, especially political representation, while working women still do most domestic chores and child care. Next we delve into an impressive study, Koizumi and Japanese Politics: Reform Strategies and Leadership Style, which meticulously dissects the highly successful administration of Junichiro Koizumi (April 2001 to September 2006). Since his departure, no Japanese prime minister has lasted longer than a year. Why was Koizumi able to deliver strong leadership and make significant reforms? Koizumi's policies, institutional reforms and flamboyant political style are all scrutinized in depth. Fumiko Halloran looks at Rapid Changes in Diplomacy (外交激変), a Japanese language book looking at the dynamics of foreign policy from ministry insider Shunji Yanai's perspective. He is a former Ambassador to the United States who during his 41 yearlong career found himself at the centre of many key diplomatic moments including (to name a few) the negotiations on the return of Okinawa, the first Gulf War, Japan's participation in the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations (PKO), Tokyo's failure to attain a permanent seat on the UN Security Council and the Iraqi invasion. Sir Hugh Cortazzi gives his verdict on Living Japan, Essays on Everyday Life in Contemporary Society, a work comprising seventy short essays which explore various aspects of the everyday life of ordinary Japanese people. Its vivid firsthand accounts from a Japanese viewpoint provide some fascinating insights into Japan and its people. Susan Meehan shares her thoughts on the highly popular 'Unearthed' exhibition which was held at the Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts in Norwich during summer 2010. At its heart was a collection of over 100 prehistoric miniature clay figurines including many hailing from Japan called 'dogū' (土偶) meaning clay spirits, which were mainly from the Jōmon (縄文時代) era (about14,000 to 300BC). Our final review, New Architecture in Japan, takes us back to the present day. This work is an introductory survey of new architecture in Japan featuring buildings by well known Japanese architects such as Tadao Ando as well as projects by new young architects and by international practices. Using some excellent photography, it looks at new architectural ideas and themes in Japan covering a wide variety of public and private buildings Issue 30 Volume 5 Number 6 (December 2010)


Countries like Estonia, Norway or Australia developed electronic voting systems, which could be used to realize parliamentary elections with the help of personal computers and the Internet. These systems are completely different in their design and their way to solve the same problem. In this thesis, we analyze some of the largest real-world systems, describe their building blocks and their general design to focus on possible problems in these electronic voting systems.
Furthermore, we present a template for an e-voting system, which we designed to try to fulfill the preliminaries and requirements of a secure electronic voting system. We use the experiences and the building blocks of existing systems to combine them to another more secure system. Afterwards, we compare our concept with real-world systems to evaluate the fulfillments of the requirements. Conclusively, we discuss the occurring problems when designing a secure system.
Peer-to-peer networks provide many advantages, like decentralization, which might be applicable to electronic voting systems. Therefore, we take a look on the distributed database called blockchain and the usage in a peer-to-peer voting system. Our contribution to this topic is a modification of the proof-of-stake, which enables the usage of common devices, like smartphones or tablets, for the blockchain verification and inclusion of new ballots to the chain. This proof does not need much computing power and has a lower carbon footprint than the proof-of-work in the Bitcoin protocol.


Computational grids havenotscaled effectively dueto administrative hurdles toresource anduserparticipation. Mostproduction grids areessentially multi-site supercomputer centers, rather thantruly openandheterogeneous sets ofresources that canjoinandleave dynamically, andthat canprovide support foranequally dynamic setofusers. Large-scale grids containing individual resources with moreautonomy aboutwhenandhowthey joinandleave will require self-organizing gridmiddleware services that donotrequire centralized administrative control. This paperconsiders onesuchservice, namely thedynamic discovery ofhigh-performance variable-size clusters ofgrid nodes. Abrute force approach totheproblem ofidentifying these "ad-hoc clusters" wouldrequire excessive overhead interms ofbothmessage exchange andcomputation. Therefore, wepropose a scalable solution that usesa delay-based overlay structure toorganize nodes based on their proximity tooneanother, using asmall number ofdelayexperiments. Thisoverlay canthen beusedtoprovide avariable-size setofpromising candidate nodesthan can then beusedasacluster, ortestedfurt hertoimprove theselection. Simulation results showthat this approach results ineffective clustering with acceptable overhead.'


Treatment of triphenylbismuth difluoride with
alkynyldiisopropoxyboranes in the presence of
BF3·OEt2 in CH2Cl2 gives
alkynyltriphenylbismuthonium tetrafluoroborates, which react with sodium
p-toluenesulfinate in dual reaction modes depending on the
solvents employed.


The article pointed out there are three tendencies in company management structure.Considered that the differences of each country's company management structure.decided by the differences of property right.We should hold the tendency of our country's property right development,study to establish the company management structure which fit in with our country's situation.The owner's benefit is not isolated,it exists in reasonable benefit structure.We should against spend thrift control,establish the manager control system which exist in reasonable benefit structure,and has encourage and restraint.


~ ~ ~ The paper is devoted to one of the most famous works by Giuseppe Verdi - "Requiem". The author traces the history of its creation, associated with the death of Alessandro Manzoni, the renowned writer of Risorgimento era, whose novel "The Betrothed" became a milestone in the history of Italian literature and made a huge impression on young G. Verdi. In this connection, the authors of the paper for the first time ever in Russian musicology put forward and justify the idea that the Manzoni's novel images are close to the Verdi's requiem mass, by presenting analytical observations of literary and musical works. Dramatic composition of the novel and Requiem is based on the interaction of several image lines: lyrical-psychological, heroic-patriotic and religious. In addition, the historical parallels are found between the time of the novel, and the era when "the maestro of Italian revolution" lived. The authors also explained the reasons for which in the 19th century it became possible for the related arts to penetrate into the spiritual composition.


University laboratory is the important base of teaching and scientific research.It is also the important place to train students'practical ability and innovative spirit.The paper gives some suggestions to construct and improve multi-layer and innovation experiment teaching system,which can improve students'innovative ability and promote the sustained development of laboratory.


Functional-structural plant modelling approaches (FSPM) open the way for exploring the relationships between the 3D structure and the physiological functioning of plants in relation to environmental conditions. FSPMs can be particularly interesting when dealing with perennial crops like oil palm, for which research on innovative management practices requires long and expensive agronomic trials. The present study is part of the PalmStudio project, which aims at developing a FSPM for oil palm capable of conducting virtual experiments to test the relevance of innovative management practiceds and/or design ideotypes. We propose a methodological approach which integrates architectural responses to planting density in an existing oil palm FSPM (Perez et al. 2018a b). Combining standard field phenotyping with Lidar-based derived measurements, we manage to evaluate the phenotypic plasticity of the main parameters required for the calibration of the 3D plant model. LiDAR scans were processed using the PlantScan3D software (Boudon et al. 2014) to derive phenotypic traits of leaf geometry that were compared to labour-intensive measurements. Density-based allometries of leaf geometry and are then derived from the observed variations in phenotypic traits and integrate into the FSPM. Our results illustrate the accuracy and the efficiency of Lidar-based phenotyping of leaf geometrical traits. In average, we find less than 3% of difference in leaf dimensions (i.e. rachis length) in comparison with traditional hand-made field measurements. The fast and efficient measurements of usually labour-intensive traits such as leaf curvature allowed estimating the plasticity of leaf geometry in response to density. We find that the main traits affected by density were leaf dimensions (up to 15% and 25% of increase in rachis length and petiole length respectively) and curvature (15% of increase in leaf erectness-related parameter), whereas other structural traits like the number of leaflets per leaf remained Simple allometric relationships then modelled with existing allometric-based 3D oil palm model VPalm VPalm simulating