Introduction A gold mine is located in the arid northern part of Namibia in the Okonguarrie schists and marbles of the Damara Orogeny and 70 km to the SW of Kombat underground copper mine that su ered serious ooding in 2005. e over folded synclines and anticlines have resulted in a complex hydrogeological environment that required an extensive geochemical and hydrogeological eld programme to understand the zones of recharge, storage and risks in terms of groundwater ingress to the open pit mining operations. Hydrochemical and isotope ngerprinting (stable isotopes and tritium), has shown that a source of the groundwater ingress to the mine, (located in the low permeability schists and albitites of the Okonguarri Formation) is the Karibib Marbles, an important regional aquifer, supplying the nearby towns. North-south fault structures have provided hydraulic connection to the limbs of the Karibib anticline transecting the intermediate Ghaub diamictite and aquitard, resulting in recharge to zones with enhanced storage capacity along the fold axes and albitised contacts of the Okonguarrie Formation marble stringers. e conceptual hydrogeological model includes a complex interlayering due to allogenic and autogenic recharge of the marbles, clearly distinguishAbstract Otjikoto Gold Mine is located in the arid northern part of Namibia in the Okonguarrie schists and marbles of the Damara Orogeny and 70 km to the SW of Kombat underground copper mine that su ered serious ooding in 2005. e over folded synclines and anticlines have resulted in a complex hydrogeological environment that required an extensive geochemical and hydrogeological eld programme to understand the zones of recharge, storage and risks in terms of groundwater ingress to the open pit mining operations. Hydrochemical and isotope ngerprinting (stable isotopes and tritium), has shown that a source of the groundwater ingress to the mine, (located in the low permeability schists and albitites of the Okonguarrie Formation) is the Karibib Marbles, an important regional aquifer, supplying the nearby towns. North-south fault structures have provided hydraulic connection to the limbs of the Karibib anticline transecting the intermediate Ghaub diamictite and aquitard, resulting in recharge to zones with enhanced storage capacity along the fold axes and albitised contacts of the Okonguarrie Formation marble stringers. e conceptual hydrogeological model includes a complex interlayering due to allogenic and autogenic recharge of the marbles, clearly distinguishable from the hydrochemistry and piezometric responses to testing of a prototype dewatering borehole with linear ow. To quantify the ingress rates and evaluate pore pressures behind the heterogeneous and anisotropic pit high walls, a numerical ow model was developed to simulate the complexities of the conceptual hydrogeological model. Predictive simulations indicate groundwater ingress rates to the pit can be reduced signi cantly by targeting the marble structures and dewatering the con ned aquifer, which also acts as an underdrain to depressurizing the overlying less permeable schists. e combined collection of geochemical and hydrogeological data was used to unravel the sources and recharge mechanisms of ingress to the pits and to quantify the potential for acid rock drainage following closure of the mine.


A growing part of the behavioral finance literature has addressed some of the stylized facts of financial time series as macroscopic patterns emerging from herding interactions among groups of agents with heterogeneous trading strategies and a limited rationality. We extend a stochastic herding formalism introduced for the modeling of decision making among financial agents, in order to take also into account an external influence. In particular, we study the amplification of an external signal imposed upon the agents by a mechanism of resonance. This signal can be interpreted as an advertising or a public perception in favor or against one of the two possible trading behaviors, thus periodically breaking the symmetry of the system and acting as a continuously varying exogenous shock. The conditions for the ensemble of agents to more accurately follow the periodicity of the signal are studied, finding a maximum in the response of the system for a given range of values of both the noise and the frequency of the input signal.


The objective of this research work is to inquire about the identity and the life purpose of women, mainly women of upper-middle class status with access to financial resources and a higher level of education and professional formation. Different proposals on the subject were compared in order to obtain a broad view and possible solutions to the problematic surrounding women. An analysis was made of the arguments about the female identity by authors Estela Serret, with a historic focus, Simone de Beauvoir, from an existentialist vision, Edith Stein, with a catholic religion focus, and finally those of Clarissa Pinkola Estes, from a psychoanalysis view. In all these perspectives, the authors propose that women is undergoing a struggle to overcome the definition of their identity and at the same time propose ways to overcome such issue. Also, this research work includes a summary analysis of the statistical database of the National Institute of Statistics and Geography, showing a general overview of the current situation of women in Mexico.


Risk communication is today at the core of many studies in science communication, which increasingly needs to deal with the uncertainties related not only to natural disasters such as earthquakes or tsunamis but also to new technologies (Nowotny et al., 2001; Stern and Fineberg, 1996). This literature reflects on how we communicate and how we should communicate risk, how people perceive it and what are the most effective practices to pursue. But what about the history of risk communication? When did it first arise, how and why? As many scholars have demonstrated, the 18th century is a turning point in the conceptualization of risk (Mercier-Faivre and Thomas, 2008; Walter, 2008; Zachmann, 2014), due both to a new understanding of natural catastrophes, strongly influenced by the 1755 earthquake in Lisbon (Walter et al., 2006) and to the mathematization of chance, thanks to emerging theories of probability (Daston, 1988; Hacking, 2006). But the communication of risk to non-experts during these decades remains a field wide open for exploration. The intent of this article is precisely to investigate such history, paying particular attention to the communication of risk as a probabilistic event. I will show that in the late 1700s, savants were already discussing the best ways to talk to the public about risk and small probabilistic values – and specifically, about the hazards of an impact between comets and the Earth. In 1773, French astronomer Jérôme Lalande stated that it was 'possible' that one day a comet would hit our planet or come too close. As is well known, the statement caused widespread fear and panic, as Parisians instead understood that such an event was likely and even imminent (Ampollini, 2016b; Dumont, 2007: 71–73, 130–132; Gleizes, 2014; Schaffer, 1987, 1993; Stewart, 1986). However, no one has yet focused on the aspect of this story that interests us here1, that is, the concomitant emergence of a debate about risk communication. The great extent of the Parisians' concerns, in fact, forced men of science and men of letters to question the reasons of such a great alarm and the discussion ended up focusing exactly on the problem on how to communicate risk and probabilistic values. To my knowledge, it was one of the first times – if not first tout court – that French savants dealt with the issue. Jérôme Lalande was due to present his Mémoire sur les comètes to his colleagues at the Académie des Sciences on 21 April 1773. However, after Perronet, Lavoisier and others had given


Under the new situation, the cultivation of high-level professional postgraduates with both innovative and practical ability has become a key issue to be solved urgently in current graduate education. Professional postgraduates are different from academic postgraduates, and their training methods should also be different from academic postgraduates. This research analyzes the reasons for the problems and shortcomings of the current professional postgraduates training model in the school-enterprise cooperation model, and provides a new and effective training model for professional postgraduates school-enterprise cooperation based on engineering projects. Based on the vision of collaborative innovation and collaborative training, this study summarizes the practical problems and international experience of the training mode of professional postgraduate. Relying on the existing engineering conditions and practice environment of disciplines, schools and cooperation units, through the establishment of school enterprise collaborative innovation group, this paper puts forward the school enterprise collaborative training mode of professional postgraduate with engineering project as the carrier, from three aspects of adhering to the engineering project as the carrier, adhering to the interactive training process, and adhering to the team collaborative training research, social services and other integrated cooperation framework provide macro response ideas, micro solutions and operational implementation path for collaborative innovation training. Through the clear school enterprise cooperation project, this new training effectively collects the resources and elements of universities and enterprises, and realizes the effective collaboration of school enterprise cooperation in cultivating applied innovative talents.


We report on a comprehensive combined experimental and theoretical study of Curie temperature trends in (Ga,Mn)As ferromagnetic semiconductors. Broad agreement between theoretical expectations and measured data allows us to conclude that ${T}_{c}$ in high-quality metallic samples increases linearly with the number of uncompensated local moments on ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathrm{Ga}}$ acceptors, with no sign of saturation. Room temperature ferromagnetism is expected for a 10% concentration of these local moments. Our magnetotransport and magnetization data are consistent with the picture in which Mn impurities incorporated during growth at interstitial ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathrm{I}}$ positions act as double-donors and compensate neighboring ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathrm{Ga}}$ local moments because of strong near-neighbor ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathrm{Ga}}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathrm{I}}$ antiferromagnetic coupling. These defects can be efficiently removed by post-growth annealing. Our analysis suggests that there is no fundamental obstacle to substitutional ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathrm{Ga}}$ doping in high-quality materials beyond our current maximum level of 6.8%, although this achievement will require further advances in growth condition control. Modest charge compensation does not limit the maximum Curie temperature possible in ferromagnetic semiconductors based on (Ga,Mn)As.


For a long while the scientific picture of the biochemical origins of schizophrenia presented a large number of apparently quite unconnected isolated findings. Recently however a clearer account has emerged that begins to tie most of these facts together into a single coherent account. In other words, in most cases, a single complex mechanism seems to be involved. The earlier attempts at providing a single hypothesis – for example the transmethylation, dopamine (DA), serotonin, redox, and glutamate hypotheses – are coming to be seen as parts of an interlinked whole.


We present an approach for decorating surfaces with progressively-variant textures. Unlike a homogeneous texture, a progressively-variant texture can model local texture variations, including the s...


Biplanar vacuum diodes, long used for the diagnostics of laser‐produced plasmas, have also been used as spectroscopic survey instruments for magnetically confined plasmas. The compact seven‐channel diode array, developed at KMS Fusion, provides broadband (ΔE/E≂1) channels of filtered cathodes to provide the spectral scan from 10 eV to about 5 keV (approximately 130 to 0.25 nm). Preliminary calibration results and calculations for a number of filters and cathodes are used to demonstrate that a satisfactory energy region may be obtained if an absorption edge of the cathode is below the mean energy of the desired channel and an absorption edge of the filter is above that energy. These devices are insensitive to neutron and gamma flux.


The idea of a cluster college is not profound; it is simply a semiautonomous college on the campus of a larger institution. The idea of a cluster college is not new; it dates back at least to thirteenth-century England and the establishment of Oxford University. The idea of a university composed of a federation of cooperating colleges is not new even in the United States; the Claremont Colleges and the Atlanta University Center have employed such organizations since the 1920's. What is new is that American educators have rediscovered the collegiate model of academic organization. Notwithstanding the early efforts at Claremont and Atlanta, cluster colleges are largely a product of the 1960's. During that decade at least 45 such schools were established at 26 different colleges or univer sities. Schools located literally from Maine to California and Washington to Florida; public and private; Protestant, Catholic, and independent; multiversities, predominantly undergraduate colleges, and junior colleges?schools of every type have utilized the cluster concept. Considering the entire sweep of colleges and universities throughout the country, the cluster college movement is a small phenomenon. But the broad base and ac celerating growth rate of these schools suggest that the colle giate form of academic organization may become even more widespread in the future. What is profound about cluster colleges is that they are being used in an attempt to meet some of the most serious problems facing undergraduate education, problems which first surfaced and then reached epidemic proportions during the 1960's. The impersonality of large institutions, the irrelevance of academic programs, the financial squeeze?these were some of the problems of the decade, and cluster colleges have tried to respond to them. Because of the number and diversity of schools, there is no such thing as the cluster college. A discus sion of the ways cluster colleges attempt to solve these problems must be considered separately for the different kinds of schools.


a pronounced attempt at organizing the fairly large amount of disparate data on the basis of theories or models. As a consequence of this preoccupation with the formation of theory we meet in sociological texts a discussion of the part played by the theories in scientific work, and a discussion of the requirements to be satisfied by a theory if it is to be accepted or at least taken seriously. Concurrently with the growing interest in methodology that is noticeable in the behavioral sciences, scientific philosophers have begun studying the logical structure of scientific theories. This part of philosophy, the Philosophy of Science (Wissenschaftslogik), has old traditions. There where several pioneers in the preceding century, for instance the American Charles Sanders Peirce and the Frenchman Henri Poincare. The


Treatment of carboxylic acid chlorides (1) with chloromethyl-lithium generated in situ(1 : 2 molar ratio) in the presence of lithium iodide leads, after hydrolysis, to the corresponding homologated 2-substituted allyl alcohols (2). When the same reaction is carried out using iodide-free butyl-lithium, instead of methyl-lithium-lithium iodide, the corresponding 2-substituted epichlorohydrins (5) are formed.


Background: Ideal equity in health is defined as each individual has the same opportunity to get the best health and not be harmed in the process of obtaining the health services. Communities with different socio-economic status should receive the same health services according to their needs, including equal access rights in the utilization of health services. Nowadays, the quality health services cannot be enjoyed equally by the Indonesian. The purpose of this study was to examine disparity in health care utilization by income level and insurance status at Gamping Muhammadiyah Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Subjects and Method: This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital, Sleman Yogyakarta. 200 subjects were selected using simple random sampling. The dependent variable was the frequency of use of health services. The independent variables were the health insurance (BPJS) status, patient income, patient education level, and residence. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple linear regression. Results : Frequency of health care utilization decreased with health insurance membership status (b= -4.49; 95% CI= -1.53 to -0.60; p <0.001) and longer distance (b= -7.33; 95% CI= -0.07 to -0.04; p<0.001). Frequency of health care utilization increased with patient age (b= 10.20; 95% CI= 0.06 to 0.09; p<0.001), family income (b= 3.30; 95% CI= 0.00 to 0.01; p = 0.001), and residence (b= 3.11; 95% CI= 0.33 to 1.47; p= 0.002). Conclusion : Frequency of health care utilization decreases with health insurance membership status and longer distance. Frequency of health care utilization increases with patient age, family income, and residence. Keywords : disparity, health insurance Correspondence:  R. Haryo Nugroho. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: email@example.com. Journal of Health Policy and Management (2019), 4(3): 195-203 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2019.04.03.07


Researchers across the globe are intensively working on photoresists that can show high resolution down below 10 nm in a single-step process. Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and electron-beam (e-beam) lithography are the most prominent candidates to create such small structures in resists. The difficulty in achieving such small feature size arises due to the RLS tradeoff, where the resists must simultaneously satisfy the resolution, line width roughness and sensitivity requirements. Also, another major concern with EUVL is the problem of stochastics due to lesser number of photons. Through our work, we believe that chemically amplified photoresists based on scissionable polymers are potential candidates to overcome these challenges. Our work focuses on polyaldehydes based low ceiling temperature (Tc) polymers that unzip upon exposure to DUV (deep ultraviolet)/EUV light sources due to main chain cleavage of the polymer backbones. So far, we have synthesized polyphthalaldehyde (PPA) based photoresists and studied their performances with the incorporation of various photoacid generators (PAGs) and base quencher. Summary of Research: One of the limitations with EUV light source is that there are much less photons available for the photochemical reactions of the photoresists. Either low or uneven light radiation energy across the exposed region can cause random defects during the lithography processes. Thus, it is desirable to pursue multimechanism photoresists that involves intrinsically depolymerizable polymers and the concept of chemical amplification. This approach shares some feature of the scissionable photoresist using main chain cleavage, but in contrast makes effective use of limited light exposure through the chain depolymerization of the resist polymer. The chain scissionable polymers usually have low ceiling temperatures (Tc) and contain weak chemical bonds, which can be cleaved by external triggers and thus starting the depolymerization process [1]. Due to their interesting properties, they have been widely utilized as sacrificial components in many areas, such as resist imaging, fabrication of porous materials, and transient electronics. In our study, we focus on the synthesis of one kind of chain scissionable polymers, polyphthalaldehydes, via metal-free anionic polymerization of aldehyde monomers that are promoted by superbases bases with alcohol initiators [2]. Not only can this method produce linear PPA with tunable molecular weights and low dispersity, but also provides the possibility to introduce extra functional groups at the chain ends. Later, the PAGs can be introduced into the side chains using highly efficient post-polymerization reactions [3]. Materials and Methods; Synthesis: Photoresist solution containing 5 wt.% PPA in cyclohexanone blended with common ionic and nonionic PAG's, for example, triphenylsulfonium triflate was prepared in varying ratios of 2-10 wt.% to PPA. Further base quenchers were introduced to these PPA-PAG blends [4]. The solution was then spin coated onto a silicon wafer at 3000 rpm for 1 min and post apply baked at 90°C for 1 min to remove excess solvent. Results and Discussions: The PAG blended polymer solution was exposed to 254 nm mid-UV radiation through a mask containing


The partitioning of fixed-priority hard real-time tasks and messages in a distributed system is a well known NPhard problem. Therefore, there are no methods that provide an optimal solution in polynomial time. In this paper, we propose the Distributed using Optimal Priority Assignment (DOPA) heuristic, which simultaneously solves the problem of assigning task to processors and assigning priorities to tasks. DOPA makes use of Audsley's Optimal Priority Assignment (OPA) algorithm to assign priorities to tasks and messages. However, in order to use the OPA algorithm for task sets with dependencies, we first transform the task set into a set of independent tasks by imposing intermediate deadlines. The experimental results show how the utilisation of the OPA algorithm increases in average the number of schedulable tasks and messages in a distributed system when compared to the utilisation of the Deadline Monotonic (DM) priority assignment usually used in other works. Task Partitioning and Priority Assignment for Hard Real-time Distributed Systems Ricardo Garibay-Martinez, Geoffrey Nelissen, Luis Lino Ferreira, Luis Miguel Pinho CISTER/INESC-TEC, ISEP Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal {rgmz, grrpn, llf, email@example.com Abstract—The partitioning of fixed-priority hard real-time tasks and messages in a distributed system is a well known NP-hard problem. Therefore, there are no methods that provide an optimal solution in polynomial time. In this paper, we propose the Distributed using Optimal Priority Assignment (DOPA) heuristic, which simultaneously solves the problem of assigning task to processors and assigning priorities to tasks. DOPA makes use of Audsley's Optimal Priority Assignment (OPA) algorithm to assign priorities to tasks and messages. However, in order to use the OPA algorithm for task sets with dependencies, we first transform the task set into a set of independent tasks by imposing intermediate deadlines. The experimental results show how the utilisation of the OPA algorithm increases in average the number of schedulable tasks and messages in a distributed system when compared to the utilisation of the Deadline Monotonic (DM) priority assignment usually used in other works.The partitioning of fixed-priority hard real-time tasks and messages in a distributed system is a well known NP-hard problem. Therefore, there are no methods that provide an optimal solution in polynomial time. In this paper, we propose the Distributed using Optimal Priority Assignment (DOPA) heuristic, which simultaneously solves the problem of assigning task to processors and assigning priorities to tasks. DOPA makes use of Audsley's Optimal Priority Assignment (OPA) algorithm to assign priorities to tasks and messages. However, in order to use the OPA algorithm for task sets with dependencies, we first transform the task set into a set of independent tasks by imposing intermediate deadlines. The experimental results show how the utilisation of the OPA algorithm increases in average the number of schedulable tasks and messages in a distributed system when compared to the utilisation of the Deadline Monotonic (DM) priority assignment usually used in other works. Keywords—real-time; distributed systems; task allocation; priority assignment; intermediate deadlines; holistic analysis.


I want to say that you came to Nepal for two years, you wrote a book about the women's movement, you did a Ph.D. But your work seems like nothing. Your book has no importance. After all, what is writing? You looked, you saw, you wrote a book. But that book won't do anything if not accompanied by work, by practice. Right?


With the informationization of modern society and with the development of science technology, all kinds of media are gradually used i n teaching fields and influence the educational patterns ?educational views ?e ducation methods and educational course .etc. In this essay I will inquire int o their characters and functions in teaching from the point of computer multimed ia technology.


I t has been two decades since the passage of the first federal legislation (Public Law 94-142) that mandated the inclusion of exceptional learners in the "least restrictive environment." This phrase in the federal law resulted in a process commonly called "mainstreaming," a term describing the placement of special education students in "typical" classrooms. At this time, music classes have been one of these environments and too often, the music educator has not had an adequate preparation to deal with the complexity and demands of mainstreamed learners. This lack of preparation will be magnified as the recent emphasis on "total inclusion," a more complete assimilation of students with mild, moderate, or severe disabilities in the self-contained "regular" classroom, becomes more widespread in the coming years. The focus of the original federal legislation as well as the 1990 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is on the rights of students to a free and appropriate public education and the rights of these students and their parents to due process proceedings in the preparation of Individualized Education Programs. None of the federal legislation addresses the preparation of teachers who will interact with the students. Since the passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, a number of music education researchers have investigated the impact of this important federal legislation. The only national survey was conducted by Gilbert and Asmus in 1981, and their report noted that 80% of the respondents expressed a need for some special educa-


The Ackley City batholith of southeast Newfoundland is an oval-shaped granitoid of approximately 5400 km2 which intruded Ordovician and Precambrian rocks of the Gander and Avalon tectonic zones, respectively, about 345 Ma ago. It is a composite body, consisting mainly of K-feldspar megacrystic granite and alaskite. Spatially related to the southeast contact of the alaskite are younger aplites and pegmatites within which are six separate molybdenite showings. The showings vary in their type of host rocks and in features of mineralization and alteration, but can all be classed as being of aplite–pegmatite type.This notably felsic (SiO2 > 71.8%) pluton has alkaline affinities and features indicative of derivation from an igneous source (I-type). Some major and trace elements exhibit considerable variations. These variations and other geological features indicate that aplites and pegmatites formed by in situ fractional crystallization of the alaskite at shallow depths (1.8 to 3.7 km) to produce a roof-zone co...


At the early stages where construction costs are estimated under a high level of uncertainty about the project future, accurate estimating becomes crucial to the setting of appropriate project budgets and to control of the construction costs. The purpose of this study was to develop the predicting model of preliminary cost estimates using support vector regression(SVR). Data used in this study are apartment houses' cost constructed from 1997 to 2000 in Seoul. In order to develop the SVR model, the Gaussian radical basis function is used as the Kernel function of SVR, and the parameters(C, e, γ) is varied to select optimal values for the best prediction performance. The results showed that the SVR model provides a promising alternative for predicting construction cost of apartment housing projects at the early project stage.


ABSTRACT The Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) is a survey intended to quantify soil and nutrient loss on cropland. Estimates of the quantiles of CEAP response variables are published. Previous work develops a procedure for predicting small area quantiles based on a mixed effects quantile regression model. The conditional density function of the response given covariates and area random effects is approximated with the linearly interpolated generalised Pareto distribution (LIGPD). Empirical Bayes is used for prediction and a parametric bootstrap procedure is developed for mean squared error estimation. In this work, we develop two extensions of the LIGPD-based small area quantile prediction procedure. One extension allows for zero-inflated data. The second extension accounts for an informative sample design. We apply the procedures to predict quantiles of the distribution of percolation (a CEAP response variable) in Kansas counties.


Activation of p38 MAPK is a critical requisite for the therapeutics activity of the antitumor agent cisplatin. In this sense, a growing body of evidences supports the role of c‐Abl as a major determinant of p38 MAPK activation, especially in response to genotoxic stress when triggered by cisplatin. Here, we demonstrate that p38 MAPK activation in response to cisplatin does not require the tyrosine kinase activity of c‐Abl. Indeed, c‐Abl can activate the p38 MAPK signaling pathway by a mechanism that is independent of its tyrosine kinase activity, but that instead involves the ability of c‐Abl to increase the stability of MKK6. Similar results were obtained in chronic myeloid leukemia‐derived cell lines, in which a chimeric Bcr/Abl protein mimics the effects of c‐Abl overexpression on p38 MAPK activation. These findings may explain why a clinically used c‐Abl inhibitor, imatinib mesylate, fails to inhibit the p38 MAPK pathway alone or in combination with cisplatin, and provide evidence of a novel signaling mechanism in which these antitumor agents act. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Non-union of long bone fractures can be a challenging problem. There are several methods of treatment and they depend upon various patient factors, biology of non-union, and presence of infection. When faced with failure of treatment with biological reconstructive procedures patients have little choice. At our institute we have treated 10 such patients with radical excision and reconstruction using tumour endoprostheses as a last attempt to save the limb. Median age of the patients was 71 years (25–85). 2 patients were male and 8 were female. Median follow-up was 49 months (8–229). 5 had infected non-union. Resection and massive endoprosthetic reconstruction involved the distal femur in 4 patients, proximal femur 3, distal humerus 2 and total Humerus in 1 patient. Time from diagnosis of non-union to treatment was 0 to 96 months (median 11 months) and patients had had 0 to 6 (median 3) previous operations 5 infected non-unions were operated as 2 stage procedures and received long term antibiotics. 4 out of 5 infected non-unions were salvaged. There were 5 complications, namely periprosthetic fracture, infection, a dislocated shoulder, radial nerve palsy, suture of bosing. All the patients achieved immediate mobility and stability. Extendible prosthesis allowed partial correction of limb shortening. Conclusion: Resection of established non-union and reconstruction with endoprostheses is a good salvage operation for elderly and low demand patients in whom time consuming biological reconstruction is not desirable.


Objective:To study the relationship between postprandial hyperglycemia and vascular complications in type 2 diabetes. Methods: One hundred and forty-nine patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into two test groups, group Ⅰ including 50 patients, there was only PPG increased (FPG7. 0 mmol/L) and groupⅡ including 99 patients, both FPG and PPG increased (FPG≥7.0mmol/L). The clinical data such as FPG, FINS, 2hPPG, 2hINS, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, HbAlc and IAI were observed in 35 control subjects and 2 test groups. Diabetic vascular complications were estimated in 2 test groups. Results: There was no significant difference between 2 test groups in the incidence of macrovascular complications (59.2% vs 47.1 %, P 0. 05 ) . the incidence of microvascular complications was lower (14. 3% vs 64. 4%, P0. 01) in group Ⅰ compared with that in group Ⅱ . IAI of 2 groups with diabetes were less than that of control group (P0. 01). Conclusion: These results suggest that postprandial hyperglycemia state exist in early type 2 diabetes with decrease of insulin sensitivity. Despite of shorter duration of diabetes, lower FPG and less incidence of microangiopathy in patients with postprandial hyperglycemia, it macrovascular complications are as severe as patients both with fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia.


In this paper, external radiation heat transfer coefficient and flux of a standing human body model are calculated for different emissivity coefficients and various temperature differences. To do this, a standing human body sample is designed in such a way that hands and feet are totally open and stretched. Soles are in contact with the ground and so do not have heat transfer. The results are extracted by weighted average method. Despite the existence of the air around the body in reality, the convection heat transfer of human body with the surrounding air is neglected in order to prevent errors and obtain more accurate results. The advantages of the suggested method are able to solve problems with different conditions and obtain more accurate results without the limitations of laboratory experiments.


By treating a set of equations governing transient heat and mass transfer simultaneously, here we develop the transformation theory for thermal convection with unsteady creeping flow in porous media, whose steady counterpart has been previously studied. We find that the transformation theory can still be valid when the temperature, density, and velocity of fluids vary with time. As applications, we design thermal cloaks, concentrators, and rotators at transient states examined by finite-element simulations, which can be used to control the magnitude or direction of heat flux in convection. Also, we discuss both the effects of natural or mixed convection and the differences between steady and unsteady states. This work develops a theory for dynamically controlling the flow of heat associated with thermal convection.By treating a set of equations governing transient heat and mass transfer simultaneously, here we develop the transformation theory for thermal convection with unsteady creeping flow in porous media, whose steady counterpart has been previously studied. We find that the transformation theory can still be valid when the temperature, density, and velocity of fluids vary with time. As applications, we design thermal cloaks, concentrators, and rotators at transient states examined by finite-element simulations, which can be used to control the magnitude or direction of heat flux in convection. Also, we discuss both the effects of natural or mixed convection and the differences between steady and unsteady states. This work develops a theory for dynamically controlling the flow of heat associated with thermal convection.


• novel cancer therapies, strategies targeting p53 – replace: gene therapy – repair using small molecules: • STI571, example of recent success • building a " molecular prosthesis " for p53 – target by p53 absence: • defective adenoviruses (ONYX-015) • triggering death using adeno-associated viruses


Improved nutritional status of elderly population has a significant impact on reducing the incidence of communicable diseases, mortality rate and increased functional capacities. Since the processes change theory is one of the important and applied theories in identifying and developing programs to promote healthy eating, this study was conducted with the aim to increase the consumption of fruit and vegetables using a curriculum based on processes change theory in elderly. This was a longitudinal randomized pre-test post-test series control group design panel study. Overall, 80 60 years seniors and older participated in this study as intervention and control group. Data analysed by SPSS statistical package, version 20. Our result showed, after educational intervention, the mean knowledge score in the intervention group was significantly more than the comparison group (p <0.001). The study results also showed that the individuals in the intervention group experienced higher processes regarding the consumption of fruits and vegetables so that compared with the time before the intervention, more subjects entered the stages of positive motivation (readiness) and doing target behavior. Although the findings of this study revealed that implementing the educational program based on change processes theory had positive impacts on promoting nutrition knowledge and stages of change in fruit and vegetable consumption, however, given the limited intervention in a small sample size, the generalization of the results should be taken with caution. [L. Beiranvand, AA. Eslami, A. Hassanzadeh, F. Motlagh. Educational Intervention Regarding Fruits and Vegetables Consumption among Elderly: Examinations of the stages of change construct. Life Sci J 2014;11(9s):523-528] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 103


The «officium palatinum» lies at the heart of political power in the Visigothic kingdom of Toledo. We describe its components and function, with particular attention to thouse offices open to the aristocracy, in which its members could fulfil a personal «cursus honorum», from lower or junior ranks to the high «officium» of «dux», underlining the continuity of some late Roman administrative traditions. However, this political body is in many ways beyond the king's control and we should not consider it as a comfortable inner circle of selected royal bureaucrats.


Introduction The Millennium Development Goals laid out an ambitious agenda to improve living standards in poor countries. Now, with the Sustainable Development Goals, world leaders are aiming to set a broader agenda for 2015 and beyond: a set of universal goals that engages countries at all income levels to ensure the long-term well-being of humankind. Put another way, while the MDGs aimed to lift people out of poverty, the SDGs aim to also keep them out of poverty by ensuring that development is both socially and environmentally sustainable.


Exploration of the novel idea to employ a pyrrole nitrogen of a tripyrrole peptide minor groove binding agent to carry catalytic entities to the phosphates and major groove of DNA has been initiated with the synthesis of dien - microgonotropen-a, -b, and -c (5a, 5b, and 5c). Replacing the carboxyl terminal amidine and amino terminal formyl functionalities of distamycin (Dm) by CH 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 and acetyl substituents, respectively, provides 1, which has greater stability in water than does Dm. The synthetic design allows the N-methyl substituent on the central pyrrole of 1 to be replaced by connectors terminating in a dien ligand [-(CH 2 ) 3 N{(CH 2 ) 3 N(CH 3 ) 2 } 2 (5a), -(CH 2 ) 4 N{(CH 2 ) 3 N - (CH 3 ) 2 } 2 (5b), -(CH 2 ) 5 N{(CH 2 ) 3 N(CH 3 ) 2 } 2 (5c)]


&NA; The type and magnitude of the physical and chemical processes controlling magma ascent, storage and solidification in zoned plutons remain controversial, even though such plutons are widespread in arcs. Linking both plutonic and host rock characteristics is key towards determining quantitative models for the growth and evolution of these plutons. We report a synthesis of an integrated study of the Loch Doon pluton, an archetypal zoned pluton in the Southern Uplands Terrane of Scotland, including linked plutonic and host rock field mapping, structural analysis, LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb zircon geochronology, whole‐rock and isotope geochemistry and magnetic susceptibility analyses. Our results reveal that trapping of rising magma and construction of the pluton in the upper crust at ˜397 Ma was dominated by vertical host rock displacement: likely a combination of downward host rock flow, stoping and floor subsidence, and to a lesser extent upward doming and faulting. Mixing of depleted mantle‐derived and crustal melts, and fractionation and contamination of these at deeper crustal levels, was followed by continued in situ fractionation and mixing during crystallization that was extended by continual chamber rejuvenation and thermal buffering by recharge from magmas. Analysis of the pluton's ubiquitous magmatic foliations and their relationship to internal magmatic and external host rock structures suggests that later, typically more evolved magma batches 'nested' within the rheologically weakest portions of earlier batches and made space by largely displacing these earlier intrusive batches rather than the external host rock. The active parts of the nesting system decreased with time, consistent with a freezing magma feeder system. This model is applicable to many other zoned late Caledonian Southern Uplands Terrane plutons of the United Kingdom. These Southern Uplands Terrane plutons appear to be magmatic 'fingers' rising from larger, deeper intrusive complexes that resided at depth. Our new data also allow us to present further constraints on the geodynamic model for this part of the Caledonian orogenic belt. Our interpretation of antecrystic and autocrystic zircon ages in Southern Uplands Terrane plutons indicates prolonged magmatism between ˜430–382 Ma and analysis of whole‐rock Sr/Y ratios suggests crustal thicknesses during magma generation may have varied in space and, or, time between ˜30–45 km. Our data best fit a tectonic model in which magmatism was initiated at ˜430 Ma in response to break‐off of subducted Iapetan lithosphere and was extended by additional melt/heat input during regional transtension at ˜415–400 Ma. Magmas evolved by complex open system fractionation, mixing, and contamination in a mid‐lower crustal batholith before being emplaced as compositionally zoned nested plutons in the upper crust between ˜414–382 Ma.


Abstract A reduced model of the global thermohaline circulation has been asynchronously coupled to a simple energy balance climate model in order to investigate the natural variability of the overturning circulation that may have been characteristic of late glacial conditions. Previous analyses with the ocean-only component of the model have suggested that the nature of the internal variability of the thermohaline circulation was a strong function of the surface boundary conditions on temperature and salinity flux. When the boundary conditions were altered from those corresponding to modern conditions to those appropriate to full glacial conditions, then the internal variability was shown to be radically transformed. Under modern conditions the ocean-only version of the model delivered an overturning circulation that was only weakly time dependent with a characteristic period of centuries. Under full glacial boundary conditions, however, the circulation became strongly time dependent with a characteristic...


This paper uses radial colour profiles to infer the distributions of dust, gas and star formation in z=0.4-1.4 star-forming main sequence galaxies. We start with the standard UVJ-based method to estimate dust extinction and specific star formation rate (sSFR). By replacing J with I band, a new calibration method suitable for use with ACS+WFC3 data is created (i.e. UVI diagram). Using a multi-wavelength multi-aperture photometry catalogue based on CANDELS, UVI colour profiles of 1328 galaxies are stacked in stellar mass and redshift bins. The resulting colour gradients, covering a radial range of 0.2--2.0 effective radii, increase strongly with galaxy mass and with global $A_V$. Colour gradient directions are nearly parallel to the Calzetti extinction vector, indicating that dust plays a more important role than stellar population variations. With our calibration, the resulting $A_V$ profiles fall much more slowly than stellar mass profiles over the measured radial range. sSFR gradients are nearly flat without central quenching signatures, except for $M_*>10^{10.5} M_{\odot}$, where central declines of 20--25 per cent are observed. Both sets of profiles agree well with previous radial sSFR and (continuum) $A_V$ measurements. They are also consistent with the sSFR profiles and, if assuming a radially constant gas-to-dust ratio, gas profiles in recent hydrodynamic models. We finally discuss the striking findings that SFR scales with stellar mass density in the inner parts of galaxies, and that dust content is high in the outer parts despite low stellar-mass surface densities there.


Strength and Young's modulus of pyrolytic silicon carbide (SiC) were measured. The specimens were the ringed SiC which were taken from TRISO coated fuel particles for High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors (HTGR). Four kinds of unirradiated specimens and the two of irradiated ones were prepared for the measurement. The SiC coating layer consisting of columnar structure with large crystal grains (about 5 μm) was stronger than the SiC of laminar structure with small grains (less than 1μm). The mean strength of the former SiC was larger than 1,700 MN/m2, while that of the latter SiC, less than 1,600 MN/ms. The SiC with low density (3.14 g/cm3) was the weakest among the present specimens. By irradiation of fission recoil, the mean strength of the SiC of columnar structure with large grains almost unchanged, but that of the SiC of laminar structure with small grains increased about 14%, of which irradiation dose was about 20 times larger than that for the former specimen. As for Young's modulus, the values range...


This report is a self-contained and comprehensive review of the physics of propagating pulses of high-intensity high-energy particle beams in pre-existing or self-generated plasmas. Consideration is given to beams of electrons, protons, muons, and their antiparticles, as well as to neutral-hydrogen, positronium, and electron-positron-plasmoid beams. The first part is a systematic overview of the theory pertaining to propagation, plasma self-generation, energy/current-losses, and stability of such pulses. The second part reviews the major full-scale propagation experiments which have been carried out, in atmospheric and outer-space plasmas, to assess the validity of theoretical models. It is found that the data available on these experiments demonstrate that range and stability are in agreement with theory. In particular, stable self-pinched propagation of high-current charged-particle beams in the atmosphere is possible over distances equal to several Nordsieck lengths. In order not to be deflected by Earth's magnetic field, electron-beam pulses need to be guided by a pre-formed channel, while proton-beam pulses may under suitable conditions propagate undeflected through both the low- and high-atmosphere. In ionospheric or outer-space plasmas, very-long-range propagation across Earth's magnetic field requires GeV to TeV electrons or positron beams in order for the transverse deflection to be acceptable, while undeflected propagation is possible for plasmoid beams consisting of co-moving high-energy particle pairs such as electrons and positrons.


The rate of return earned by a financial institution is affected by numerous factors. These factors include elements internal to each financial institution and several important external forces shaping earnings performance. The type of explanation would determine possible policy implications and ought to be taken seriously. This paper reviews the literature on bank performance studies and classifies the bank profitability determinants. The second part of the paper quantifies how internal determinants ("within effects" changes) and external factors ("dynamic reallocation" effects) contribute to the performance of the EU banking industry as a whole in 1994-1998. We construct OLS and fixed effects models, and the results provide a new perspective for understanding the impact of changes in competition on the performance of the EU banking industry. The estimation results suggest that the profitability of European banks is influenced not only by factors related to their management decisions but also to changes in the external macroeconomic environment. The results are in contrast to studies that have examined the structure-performance relationship for European banking and find a positive effect of the concentration and/or market share variables on bank profitability.


This paper proposes an electric contact model considering film resistance, such as an oxide layer, and describes a method for analyzing electric potential distribution and temperature distribution around a contact spot. As a result of the analysis, several laws governing the relationship between electric potential and temperature have been found, and a formula to calculate rising temperature was established using a factor calculated from contact resistance and film resistance. Finally, this paper proposes a map quantitatively showing transition conditions between wear modes.


In their article, Marsh and Smith (2000) aim to reformulate the analysis of policy networks by way of a new approach to understanding the relationship between structure and agency. They outline four main approaches to the study of policy networks, and claim that all of them privilege either structure or agency. They say that the 'anthropological' approach used by McPherson and Raab (1988) in a book on policy-making in Scottish education 'sees networks as based on personal relationships between known and trusted individuals who share beliefs and a common culture' (p. 5). Marsh and Smith acknowledge that this approach is 'right to stress the role of agents' (p. 5), but argue that a model is needed which recognizes the role of structures as well. What they call their 'dialectical'1 approach purports to offer this, and therefore to give agency parity of status in explanations of policy networks and of the policies with which networks are involved.


 Abstract— Character segmentation is a process of dividing a word from a text document. Document from which the words are to be used may be handwritten or printed text. In this paper, prime focus is on the problems which may occur during the segmentation of the character. This paper is divided into 5 sections. Section 3 will be focus on the major problems that may occur during the character segmentation process.


Background: This study is to evaluate the effect of systemic corticosteroid on the clinical outcomes and the occurrence of complications in mechanical ventilated patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods: We retrospectively assessed the clinical outcomes and complications in patients with severe CAP admitted to ICU between March 1, 2003 and July 28, 2009. Outcomes were measured by hospital mortality after ICU admission, duration of mechanical ventilation (MV), ICU, and hospital stay. Complications such as ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), catheter related-blood stream infection (CR-BSI), and upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding during ICU stay were assessed. Results: Of the 93 patients, 36 patients received corticosteroids over 7 days while 57 patients did not receive corticosteroids. Age, underlying disease, APACHE II, PSI score, and use of vasopressor were not different between two groups. In-hospital mortality was 30.5% in the steroid group and 36.8% in the non-steroid group (p>0.05). The major complications such as VAP, CR-BSI and UGI bleeding was significantly higher in the steroid group than in the non-steroid group (19.4% vs. 7%, p<0.05). The use of steroids and the duration of ICU stay were significantly associated with the development of major complications during ones ICU stay (p<0.05). Conclusion: Systemic corticosteroid in patients with severe CAP requiring mechanical ventilation may have no beneficial effect on clinical outcomes like duration of ICU stay and in-hospital mortality but may contribute to the development of ICU acquired complications.


The paper selects slope,aspect,altitude,land use,transportation,water resource and soil quality as evaluation indexes and assesses comprehensively suitability of residental environ-ment in Lushui County of Nujiang Valley by using spatial analysis technical of GIS such as spatial overlay analysis,buffer analysis.Evaluation results: regions suitable for human inhabitance are distributed mainly around rivers in the form of strips,while others are scattered.There is a clear positive correlation between situation of residental environment and economic development,that is,the correlation coefficient between evaluation value of residental environment and township farm-ers' per capita net income reaches 0.89,and villages farmers' per capita net income reaches 0.965 in Lushui.The article also analyzes residental environment capacity of all townships in Lushui,result shows the environment is difficult to carry the existing population in Lushui.


The influence of applied stress on pitting behavior of LY12CZ aluminum alloy in 3% NaCl aqueous solution was investigated.Experimental results showed that breakdown potential and protection potential of LY12CZ in 3%NaCl aqueous solution showed obvious negative shift, which indicated that applied stress enhanced the pitting susceptibility of LY12CZ and reduced pitting initiation time.It was showed during the growth period that the relationship between the pitting depth and corrosion time accorded with power function and the relationship between the pit depth and applied stress accorded with exponential function.


Many articles have been devoted to the Old Norse myth which relates how Odin was hanging from a tree for nine nights without being offered food or drink. The question we are going to investigate here is, as mentioned, whether we are facing a sacrifice or an initiation. Both possibilities have been proposed, and some scholars have even believed that the strophes deal with an exemplary myth which has served directly as a model for some ritual.


Background Adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) usually have reduced aerobic exercise capacity compared with controls. However, their skeletal muscle function is less studied. Material and methods In this cross-sectional study, unilateral isotonic shoulder flexion, unilateral isotonic heel-lift, maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) were tested in 85 patients with ACHD (35 women, mean age 36.8 ± 14.8 years), classed as either 'complex' (n = 43) or 'simple' (n = 42), and 42 age and gender matched controls (16 women, mean age 36.9 ± 14.9). Maximum number of shoulder flexions and heel-lifts were measured. MIP/MEP was tested using a handheld respiratory pressure meter. Exercise self-efficacy, measuring confidence in performing exercise training, was evaluated. Results Adults with complex lesions performed fewer shoulder flexions compared with controls and patients with simple lesions (28.2 ± 11.1 vs. 63.6 ± 40.4, p < 0.001 and 28.2 ± 11.1 vs. 54.9 ± 24.9, p < 0.001), as well as fewer heel-lifts compared with controls and patients with simple lesions (17.6 ± 7.7 vs. 26.3 ± 12.8, p < 0.001 and 17.6 ± 7.7 vs. 23.2 ± 7.0, p = 0.024), lower MIP than controls (80.7 ± 26.7 vs. 111.1 ± 29.9 cm H2O, p < 0.001) and lower MEP compared with controls (110.8 ± 39.9 vs. 141.8 ± 39.5, p < 0.001). Their exercise self-efficacy was lower than controls (28.0 ± 8.3 vs. 33.4 ± 6.1, p = 0.002). In a linear regression model complex heart lesions were independently associated with impaired limb muscle function. Conclusion Adults with complex congenital heart disease have impaired skeletal muscle function compared with patients with simple lesions and healthy controls. They also had lower confidence in performing exercise training. Thus, this population might have a potential for rehabilitation focusing on improving muscle function and confidence in performing exercise training.


MEMS (Micro-electromechanical systems), a technology that produces devices with tiny size and various abilities, has shown its great potential in many areas, but there are still many parts that wait to be improved. This paper would give a brief introduction of the technology with its features, superiorities and drawbacks. Based on these characteristics, several applications of the technology would be introduced with some specific examples. In this paper, current status with the advantages and disadvantages of MEMS would be discussed, and some improvements would be mentioned related to the problems that has been recently discovered in order to make the best use of the benefits and bypass the drawbacks. Next, applications of MEMS would be introduced and exemplified with the principle of how MEMS woks in specific areas. In the prospects and discussion part, several expectations would be predicted based on the current situation and some essays, which would also be analyzed. Finally, the part of conclusion would summarize the parts that have done as well as the opinion of future development of MEMS.


The evolved components of the bright eclipsing binary V1375 Ori have been compared with evolutionary tracks of stellar models. An acceptable fit for both stars has been achieved at a slightly sub-solar metallicity placing the bright-giant primary on the Early-AGB. The normal-giant secondary star is crossing the Hertzsprung gap. The bright giant's Teff has been adapted to recent modelling results taken from the literature. All temperature-dependent parameters have been fitted thereto. [English and German version of this paper available at www.bav-astro.eu/rb/rb2016-4/7.html]. A solution for this bright (6.66 Vmag) eclipsing binary consisting of a bright giant and a normal giant has already been published by the author and R.F. Griffin [1]. Recent results from McDonald et al. [2] being based on the comparison of the spectral energy distribution (SED) with model atmospheres indicate a somewhat lower effective temperature Teff of 4320 (± 130) K for the bright giant, against the spectral type derived Teff of 4500 (± 200) K used in our former paper [1]. This lower and more accurate Teff leads to a better fit for both components of the binary in stellar models. Therefore, all temperature dependent parameters have been amended; they appear as bold typed numbers in Tables 1 and 2. The equally lowered Teff of the secondary star has been determined with the Binary Maker 3 (BM3) modelling software simultaneously in the passbands UBV. The parameters of both binary components are now fitting with deviations of less than 2.5 % into a recent stellar model without rotation of the Geneva group from Lagarde et al. [3] at a slightly sub-solar metallicity of about Z = 0.009 (derived by interpolation between the models for Z = 0.004 and 0.014). The normal-giant secondary component is crossing the Hertzsprung gap of the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram. Its age of about 690 Myr has been derived from this stellar model. The far more evolved bright-giant primary star having a similar age of about 730 Myr according to this stellar model is located on the Early Asymptotic Giant Branch (E-AGB). The remaining difference in their age can be attributed to the inaccuracies of the model being tested here to its limits. As a supplement, a comparative table containing all similar binary systems, as far as known to the author, has been added to this paper under the title 'Bright binaries containing bright giants'. Table 1: Parameters of the binary system V1375 Ori Epoch [HJD] 2456255.41(4) mid primary minimum Period [days] 146.301(3) Total light [V/Bmag] 6.66/8.00 mean maximum value Primary minimum depth 0.15/0.22/0.32 [Vmag/Bmag/Umag] Second. minimum depth 0.025/0.025 [Vmag/Bmag] Primary minimum [days] 8.19 duration contact 1-4 Total eclipse [days] 5.56 duration contact 2-3 Second. minimum [days] 11.12 duration contact 1-4 Orbital inclination i [deg] 84.4 ± 0.3 Semi-mayor axis a [AU] 0.9100 ± 0.0024 (= 195.5 ± 0.5 Rסּ) Eccentricity e 0.2076 ± 0.0014 Longitude periastron ω 270.15 ± 0.25 i.e. orbital major axis in our line of sight ! Mass ratio (M1/M2) 1.118 ± 0.005 spectroscopic measurement value Radial velocity γ [km/s] +30.68 ± 0.04 barycenter movement Distance [pc] 377 ± 23 calculated for Av = 0.28 mag Age [Myr] 710 ± 40 from stellar model[3] for Z = 0.009 ± 0.001 Table 2: Parameters of the components of V1375 Ori Parameter Primary star Secondary star Spectral type K0/1 (II) (F7 III) Temperature Teff [K] 4320 ± 130 6000 ± 250 Radius R (mean) [Rסּ] 41.6 ± 0.5 5.85 ± 0.07 Luminosity (bol) [log L/Lסּ] 2.733 ± 0.055 1.599 ± 0.078 Brightness [VMag] – 1.35 ± 0.13 + 0.78 ± 0.18 Mass [Mסּ] 2.485 ± 0.027 2.223 ± 0.032 References: [1] N. Hauck & R.F. Griffin, The Observatory 135, 7, (2015); available at NASA ADS http://adswww.harvard.edu/ [2] I. McDonald et al., MNRAS 427, 343, (2012) [3] N. Lagarde et al., A&A 543, 108, (2012) Acknowledgements: This research has made use of the Simbad and VizieR databases operated at the Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg, France, http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/. Norbert Hauck, F-83400 Hyères, email@example.com Evolutionsstufen und verbesserte temperaturabhängige Parameter des Doppelsterns V1375 Orionis Evolutionary stages and improved temperature-dependent parameters of the binary V1375 Orionis


Growing interest in homoeopathic experimentation by scientists of other disciplines such as physicists/biologists/ pharmacologists has led to substantial experimentation at molecular, cellular and clinical levels.[2] Basic research in Homoeopathy seeks to explore the less explored field of homoeopathic pharmacology towards generating scientific plausibility of ultra‐high dilutions and understanding their mechanism of action. In the past, a number of preclinical studies (in vitro and in vivo) have been conducted which aimed at evaluating the pharmacological activity and/or efficacy of some homoeopathic remedies under potentially reproducible conditions.


Surface and interfacial tensions of dilute aqueous solutions of sodium perfluorobutyrate, sodium perfluorooctanoate, sodium perfluorodecanoate, sodium octyl sulfate, and sodium decyl sulfate at the air-water (a/w), hexane-water (h/w), and perfluorohexane-water (p-f-h/w) interfaces have been measured with the objective of determining the relative affinities for the interfaces at low degrees of adsorption. Up to approximately 2 dyn/cm the surface pressures were found to increase linearly with surfactant concentration (activity), in agreement with a thermodynamic model of adsorption. The free energies of adsorption, have been estimated by using the thermodynamic model. From these data the incremental changes in free energy of adsorption, ..delta.. free energy of adsorption values, on adding a-CH/sub 2/-group to the hydrocarbon chain and a-CF/sub 2/-group to the fluorocarbon chain have been calculated. The affinity of a hydrocarbon surfactant for the h/w interface is markedly higher than that for the a/w interface. A fluorocarbon surfactant at the p-f-h/w interface shows a much smaller increase in affinity as compared to the a/w interface. 31 references.


There is a perception, in postmodern times, of an anti-heroic ethos (Featherstone 1992). Everyday life, which is routine and taken for granted, in whose reproduction and maintenance women play an important part, where there is an emphasis on sociability and care, resists being cast as a grand narrative. Here, there is no place for the self-defining adventurer, whose life trajectory involves departure from mundane concerns, the deliberate courting of risks and a struggle to reach extraordinary goals. The hero returns to the acclaim of those left behind, whose narrative constructions of events see the hero's life as the fulfilment of destiny, so that such stories act as myths for future generations. This is an essentially masculine fantasy, we are told, outdated in a time of more equalising ideals, where every person has a uniform right to be heard, and there is general distrust of solutions that are imposed from on high, or by the powerful. The civilising process has led us to see that even kings and queens have personal lives, and media representations concentrate on the exposure of these to the public gaze, thus reversing any tendency to project transference heroics on such people. It would be a mistake wholly to accept this argument. Clearly it has some resonance if we consider the decline of religious grand narratives, the distrust in science, and the spread of democratic ideals.


ON THE BASIS OF EXPERIENCE GAINED IN RECENT YEARS IN GERMANY ON NEWLY DEVELOPED ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND ON THE STRENGTH OF TEST RESULTS, IT IS NOW POSSIBLE TO ADVANCE NEW PROPOSALS REGARDING THE THEORY AND DESIGN OF BATTERY DRIVEN ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND TO ILLUSTRATE THE RESULTS IN A SIMPLE FASHION. THUS, SOME IMPORTANT RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE DRIVING PROGRAMME, THE VEHICLE, THE DRIVE, STORAGE AND ELECTRICITY SUPPLY NETWORK, ARE ANALYSED AND DESCRIBED.


It is well recognised that the angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are the drugs of choice when starting therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus presenting with renal damage. It is also widely recognised that as soon as minor abnormalities of renal function are present, in either diabetic or non-diabetic patients, the cardiovascular risk is significantly increased. As a consequence, the renal protection offered by an ARB through the blockade of angiotensin II and its effects must be accompanied by simultaneous cardiovascular protection in a magnitude similar to that offered by an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.Recent data obtained in studies of patients with hypertension, heart failure, and myocardial infarctions, confirm that the specific indication for the use of ARBs in renal protection is accompanied by a degree of cardiovascular protection at least similar to that demonstrated by ACE inhibitors.


City competitiveness largely hinges on urban efficiency that is reflected in labor markets, land markets, capital markets, and provision of urban infrastructure. This paper illustrates the impacts of urban spatial structure on the efficiency of labor, capital, and land markets as well as on urban infrastructure and public financing. It indicates that urban planning can change or determine urban spatial structure in a way that promotes urban competitiveness and sustainable urban development.


Democracy is often fragile, especially in states recovering from civil conflict. To protect emerging democracies, many scholars and practitioners recommend political powersharing institutions, which aim to safeguard minority group interests. Yet there is little empirical research on whether powersharing promotes democratic survival, and some concern that it limits electoral accountability. To fill this gap, we differentiate between inclusive, dispersive, and constraining powersharing institutions and analyze their effects on democratic survival from 1975 to 2015 using a global dataset. We find sharp distinctions across types of powersharing and political context. Inclusive powersharing, such as ethnic quotas, promotes democratic survival only in post-conflict settings. In contrast, dispersive institutions such as federalism tend to destabilize post-conflict democracies. Only constraining powersharing consistently facilitates democratic survival regardless of recent conflict. Institution-builders and international organizations should therefore prioritize institutions that constrain leaders, including independent judiciaries, civilian control of the armed forces, and constitutional protections of individual and group rights.


Background—Kidney transplant recipients, like other patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), experience excess risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and elevated total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations. Observational studies of patients with CKD suggest increased homocysteine is a risk factor for CVD. The impact of lowering total homocysteine (tHcy) levels in kidney transplant recipients is unknown. Methods and Results—In a double-blind controlled trial, we randomized 4110 stable kidney transplant recipients to a multivitamin that included either a high dose (n=2056) or low dose (n=2054) of folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 to determine whether decreasing tHcy concentrations reduced the rate of the primary composite arteriosclerotic CVD outcome (myocardial infarction, stroke, CVD death, resuscitated sudden death, coronary artery or renal artery revascularization, lower extremity arterial disease, carotid endarterectomy or angioplasty, or abdominal aortic aneurysm repair). Mean follow-up was 4.0 years. Treatment with the high dose multivitamin reduced homocysteine but did not reduce the rates of the primary outcome (n= 547 total events; hazards ratio [95% confidence interval] = 0.99 [0.84–1.17]), or secondary outcomes Bostom et al. Page 2 Circulation. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 June 01. A uhor M anscript


Abstract : A full-hard U-tube type launch system is being developed for use with the Atlas missile. The missile will be stored below ground and launched from one leg of the 'U', while the other leg will be used to carry the rocket exhaust gases to ground level during firing. A 1/30 scale test program was initiated to investigate the acoustic environment of an Atlas missile and the rocket exhaust flow characteristics during a subsurface launch. The acoustical environment of the full scale launch system will be predicted using scale factors derived from a comparison of the 1/30 scale results obtained in these tests and full scale free field acoustical measurements previously obtained on full scale test stands. The information presented in this report includes the rocket operating and missile heating parameters for free field acoustical tests using a Sycamore type flame deflector. Also included are the exhaust flow characteristics of a 1/30 scale 180 degree U-tube graphite deflector. The acoustical data are being analyzed. (Author)


65 Banks' internal risk management models and their prudential recognition The Basle Market Risk Paper,1 which amended the Basle Capital Accord of 1988, requires internationally operating banks to apply capital charges to their market price risks2 as well as to their counterparty risks as from December 31, 1997. One reason is the sharply growing importance of off-balancesheet business; in Germany alone, the trading volume has risen by more than thirty times since 1986. To measure these risks, and also to calculate the required capital charge, under certain conditions the institutions are permitted to use internal risk management models as an alternative to the standardised methods prescribed by banking supervisors.


Oligopoly and technical progress
 Analysis of the rules adopted in practice for the replacement of machines brings out the essential role played in this field by the rate of profit considered by the firm to be normal.
 The most recent enquiries show that this profit rate is notably higher than elsewhere in those firms which benefit from a monopolistic situation. It must, therefore, be admitted that the development of monopolies brings about an increase in the level of profitability demanded from new investments, an increase which slows down technical progress.
 The opposite view, expressed by Josef Schumpeter, rests upon a superficial view of the historical evolution of capitalism. It is possible that, at the beginning of the 20 th. century, the creation of monopolies did make it possible to resist the general decline of the rate of profit, a stagnation factor. But after a brief period of euphory, monopoly capitalism cannot fail to be threatened once again with stagnation.


A new genus, Martensiellus, is established for Martensiellus tenuipalpus n. sp. from central Sarawak. The distad-directed, expandable glans penis of this species indicates a close relationship with Biantoncopus fuscus Martens & Schwendinger from the Philippines. Females of two other species from eastern Sarawak and southern Kalimantan, which presumably also belong to Martensiellus n. g., are presented but not formally described. A dorsal pore, similar to the pore organ of Ricinulei, is reported to be present on undivided leg tarsi of mature specimens of Martensiellus tenuipalpus n. sp., ?Martensiellus n. g. spp., Palaeoncopus spp., Caenoncopus spp. and Oncopus spp. This character is considered as apomorphic for Oncopodidae, providing further support for monophyly of this family.


An analysis of supersymmetric contributions to R{sub b} in supergravity grand unification with nonuniversal boundary conditions on soft supersymmetry breaking in the scalar sector is given. Effects on R{sub b} of Planck scale corrections on gaugino masses are also analyzed. It is found that there exist regions of the parameter space where positive corrections to R{sub b} of size {approximately}1{sigma} can be gotten. The region of the parameter space where enhancement of R{sub b} occurs is identified. Predictions of sparticle masses for the maximal R{sub b} case are given. The analysis has implications for the discovery of supersymmetric particles at colliders. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


The invention relates to the technical field of a cleaning device, and particularly relates to a connecting rod cleaning machine of a cam shaft. The connecting rod cleaning machine of the cam shaft comprises a conveyer speed reducer, a main drive shaft, a conveyer belt, a driven shaft, a lifting oil soak machine, an upper shield, a cleaning spraying device, a rinsing spraying device, an artificial washing oil road, an artificial blowing oil road, a hot air circulating system and a condensate oil mist device; the conveyer speed reducer is connected with the main drive shaft; the main drive shaft is connected with the driven shaft through the conveyer belt; the lifting oil soak machine is arranged at one side of the conveyer belt; the upper shield is arranged above the conveyer belt; the cleaning spraying device is arranged between the conveyer belt and the upper shield; the rinsing spraying device is arranged at one side of the cleaning spraying device; the rinsing spraying device is connected with the artificial washing oil road; the artificial washing oil road is connected with the artificial blowing oil road; the hot air circulating system is arranged at one side of the artificial blowing oil road, and the condensate oil mist device is arranged above the rinsing spraying device. The connecting rod cleaning machine of the cam shaft achieves basic automation of cleaning, therefore, the cleaning strength is reduced, and the cleaning quality is improved.


Teacher specialization is a necessary request for the development of education. Its significance lie in a theoretic basis for establishing the policy of teacher educaton. It is very important to propel the quality education. By analysis of the meanings of basis of knowledge,orientation,duty and independence that relate to teacher specialization,we can conclude that teacher specialization is feasible. The strategies of improving level of teacher specialization are:teacher must build up a new perspective of professional development; the found of teacher's professional organization and institute;the promotion of government and so on.


The BCML system is a beam monitoring device in the CMS experiment at the LHC. As detectors poly-crystalline diamond sensors are used. Here high particle rates occur from the colliding beams scattering particles outside the beam pipe. These particles cause defects, which act as traps for the ionization, thus reducing the CCE. However, the loss in CCE was much more severe than expected. The reason why in real experiments the CCE is so much worse than in laboratory experiments is related to the rate of incident particles. At high particle rates the trapping rate of the ionization is so high compared with the detrapping rate, that space charge builds up. This space charge reduces locally the internal electric field, which in turn increases the trapping rate and hence reduces the CCE even further. In order to connect these macroscopic measurements with the microscopic defects acting as traps for the ionization charge the TCAD simulation program SILVACO was used. Two effective acceptor and donor levels were needed to fit the data. Using this effective defect model the highly non- linear rate dependent diamond polarization as function of the particle rate environment and the resulting signal loss could be simulated.


This paper analyzes the Chinese writing result of 1218 preparatory students and investigates the status quo of the Chinese writing result in terms of gender,specialty,class and HSK.Further,it offers some measures to be taken to improve writing for this kind of students such as the change of the writing test method,compilation of Chinese writing textbooks characteristic of Xinjiang,improvement of Chinese teaching method,guidance of students to read and write and improvement of students' writing initiative.


The present invention relates to a horizontal mat having sound insulation comprising internal and external pads made of an elastic material, and a non-woven fabric interposed between the pads. The horizontal mat has the uniform height and is installed along the lower surface of a plurality of side walls connected to a bottom slab. The horizontal mat having sound insulation prevents a noise from being transferred from a bottom surface to a side wall so a noise between floors can be inhibited.


AbstractAmedianofak-tuple =(x 1 ;:::;x k )ofelementsofa0nitemetricspace(X;d)isanelementx for which ki=1 d(x;x i ) is minimum. The function m with domainthe set of allk-tuples withk?0 and dened by m( )= { x:x is a medianof } is called the medianfunctiononX.Continuing with the program of characterizing m onvarious metric spaces, this paper presentsa characterizationof the medianfunctionondistributive semilattices endowed with the standardlattice metric.? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. MSC:primary 06A12; secondary 05C75Keywords:Consensus; Median function; Distributive semilattice 1. IntroductionLet(X;d)bea0nitemetricspaceandk denoteapositiveinteger.SetX ∗ = k?0 X k ,where X k is the k-fold cartesianproduct. Givenaprole =(x 1 ;:::;x k ) ∈ X ∗ ,itisofinterestinstudiesofconsensus,dataaggregationandlocationtheorytondapointinthe space that is insome sense "closest" to . Measuring closeness can be done usingaremotenessfunctionr whichmapsX intothenon-negativerealnumbers.Therearemanywaysthatameaningfulremotenessfunctioncanbedened,butoneofthemostpopularisr (x)=


The Bush Doctrine, which was installed after the 9-11 attacks on the United States under the guise of the war on terrorism, postulated a vision of the United States as the world's unchallenged superpower and the invasion of Iraq became one of the central fronts of this war. After failing to get approval by the United Nations for the invasion, the Bush Administration's attempt to assemble a coalition of the willing became critical to the battle for public opinion to back the war. While the administration was able to garner some support, the coalition eventually unravelled and all troops are expected to depart by 2011 in what is perceived by many as a failure of U.S. foreign policy. This article discusses how different strands of social movement theory, including resource mobilization and the political process model, can be combined to examine how the coalition of the unwilling emerged and what effect it had on the failure of the United States to sustain support for the Iraq war. It contributes to the literature on social movements by assessing the ways in which structuraland micro-level mobilization efforts are often interconnected in order to explain both the how and the why of social movements, usually treated separately in much of the extant research. Author Bio(s) Victoria Carty is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Chapman University. She has written several articles on social movements in the United States, Mexico, and broader, transnational movements. In 2010, her book entitled Wired and Mobilizing: Social Movements, New Technology, and Electoral Politics was published by Routledge Press, and she is currently completing another book called Social Movements and New Technologies that will be published by Westview Press in 2012. Email: email@example.com. This article is available in Peace and Conflict Studies: http://nsuworks.nova.edu/pcs/vol18/iss1/3 Peace and Conflict Studies • Volume 18, Number 1 79 The Coalition of the Unwilling: Contentious Politics, Political Opportunity Structures, and Challenges for the Contemporary Peace Movement


In this paper, biomimetic spines on puffer skin were taken as the study object, and numerical simulation was used to study the effect of the spinal arrangement on drag reduction characteristics. The results showed that the drag reduction decreased with the increasing arrangement position (AP) and inflow angle (β), and the drag reduction of the average arrangement was obviously better than that of the staggered arrangement. Moreover, drag reduction increased gradually as the arrangement quantity-R/T (AQR/AQT) increased. The drag reduction increased first and then decreased with the increasing arrangement spacing-R (ASR), and the drag reduction increased as the arrangement spacing-T (AST) increased. In short, the greater the spinal quantity and spacing, the better the drag reduction effect; however, it was affected by the arrangement position, which made the drag reduction effect reduce. More notably, the optimal drag reduction reached 23.1% when the arrangement parameters were the average arrangement, β = 0°, AP = 0 mm, AQR = 11, AQT = 5, ASR = 6.5 mm, and AST = 3.5 mm. Overall, the spinal arrangement parameters can be effectively regulated until the optimal drag reduction was realized, and this work provides a valuable reference for future studies on drag reduction for engineering applications.


At the end of a busy year, it is usually good to reflect on the events of the past months and year, and the extent to which it affects the future of your agricultural business.


The invention relates to a process for producing an instrument panel (1) for a motor vehicle having at least one functional element (5, 7), wherein the instrument panel (1) has a panel support (3), in which method a semi-finished fiber (40) made from natural fibers (41) and thermoplastic fibers (43) in a heating step to above the melting temperature of the thermoplastic fibers (43) is heated, under formation of a molten plastic matrix (45) in which the natural fibers (41) are embedded, and then in a molding step, the semifinished fiber (40) with the molten plastic matrix (45) is converted to the instrument panel carrier (3). According to the invention for forming the instrument panel carrier (3), the functional element (5, 7) molded in a plastic injection molding directly to a, produced in the molding step instrument panel base body (4).


Several climate change adaptation strategies were suggested for the Lushoto site. Including engaging community groups to build terraces (matuta ya ngazi) to stop soil erosion; knowledge sharing on best practices for composting farm yard manure for application on the farm to increase soil organic matter; working with the national tree planting program and provide input on contour planting; increasing awareness on zero-grazing; introduce legumious cover crops to improve soil health and reduce erosion; among others. Increased knowledge sharing between researchers, farmers and extension agents was highlighted as an important activity.


This visual essay explores the relationship of racialization and family archives based on an inquiry into my Guatemalan father's collection of media artifacts. The media objects include VHS tapes, photographic prints, and legal documents. All of the images presented are from my father's media archive, and they are presented in relation to a series of textual reflections. These reflections are drawn from my own experiences producing oral histories with my tía Marta in Guatemala, my father's reflections on his archive of media objects, and a review of colonial texts that elaborated the descriptions of ethnoracial categories related to "mestizaje" in Central America. Taken together, this image-based and textual exploration presents the reader with an opportunity to reflect on the contingent, fraught, and open-ended process of racialization, as well as on moments of foreclosure where boundaries of ethnoracial identity are demarcated and reified. The essay meditates on ways that utterances and dialogue about family archives constitute sites of racialization. There is a corresponding video essay featuring my father's narration along with his interaction with his archive at the link below: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PwPmMwBJc-k.


Abstract The concept of dual mobility (DM) bearings in total hip arthroplasty was first introduced by Professors Gilles Bousquet and Andre Rambert in France in 1974 with the goal of enhancing hip stability. Although DM did not receive U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for commercial use in the United States until 2009, there has been a surge in popularity of DM implants over the past several years, evidenced by the American Joint Replacement Registry data. The enthusiasm for DM stems from a growing body of literature that supports its use across a range of patient populations, most notably revision hip arthroplasty and high-risk primary scenarios. DM has been shown to effectively reduce the risk of dislocation while also exhibiting excellent survivorship. DM does incur some unique risks, namely, intraprosthetic dissociation, but many of the early concerns with DM have not been realized in the literature and do not seem to negatively impact its long-term survivorship. The exact indications for DM have yet to be defined and remain a matter of debate. It should be considered as an alternative for any primary or revision hip arthroplasty at high risk for postoperative instability. In this article, the authors review the current literature regarding the clinical success of DM implants for a variety of indications, all of which predispose to hip instability. The history, basic biomechanics, modern designs, and unique complications are also discussed.


Padraic Kenney, Dance in Chains: Political Imprisonment in the Modern Prison (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017, ix þ 330 pp., €24 hardback) Ian Miller, A History of Force Feeding: Hunger Strikes, Prisons and Medical Ethics 1909-1974 (London: Palgrave MacMillan, 2016, ix þ 267 pp., Open Access, Ebook) Ian O'Donnell, Justice, Mercy and Caprice: Clemency and the Death Penalty in Ireland (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017, xxi þ 307 pp., €75 hardback)


Issued as Progress letter no. 11-14, 16-22, 24-31, Installation manual, Operating and maintenance manual, and Final report, Project no. 234-200


This study aims to describe the implementation of activities, the role of cadres, the optimization of physical and motor development of early childhood, as well as supporting and inhibiting factors in Bina Keluarga Balita using a qualitative research approach. Research subjects were four cadres, ten toddlers, and one PLKB. Methods of data collection using observation, interviews, and documentation. The validity of the data is evidenced by triangulation of sources and methods. The results obtained that the implementation of activities consists of opening, core, and closing activities. Optimalization of physical and motor development of early childhood is to know the stage of child development, provide the needs of children, weigh each month, keep the child and the environment clean. The role of the cadre includes the role of implementing activities, extensionists, and motivators. Supporting factors include participant participation, and local government support. Factors inhibiting the lack of understanding of cadres with the material, the number of cadres, and the busyness of the participants.


Following the wide adoption by industry of the cloud computing technologies, we can talk about a second generation of cloud services and products that are currently under design phase. However, it is not yet clear how the third generation of cloud products and services of the next decade will look like, especially at the delivery level of Infrastructure-as-a-Service. In order to answer at least partially to such a challenging question, we initiated a literature overview and two surveys involving the members of a cluster of European research and innovation actions. The results are interpreted in this paper and a set of topics of interest for the third generation are identified.


In the first millennium bce Aramaic, like Akkadian and Sumerian before it, became the lingua franca of the Near Eastern world. Unlike its predecessors, however, Aramaic's reach extended far beyond its center, and it was used from Egypt in the south to Anatolia in the north to India in the east. Through many permutations, Aramaic has survived over a span of ca. 3,000 years and is attested in ancient inscriptions, seals, coins, manuscripts, and now in the modern spoken dialects of several Middle Eastern communities. To describe Aramaic, scholars have used various systems of classification, but the one followed here divides the language by chronology into Old, Imperial, Middle, Late, and Modern.

Keywords:

ancient Near East history;
Christianity;
Judaism;
language;
linguistics;
literature


This paper presented a dynamic hand gesture recognition system for home appliance control using only the depth camera. The dynamic hand gesture is recognized using static hand postures and hand trajectory. The proposed system can recognize seven commonly used dynamic hand gestures. Experimental results show that the system is effective for home appliance control.


Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Tooth-whitening procedures have now become commonplace within restorative dentistry as a frontline treatment for the management of discoloured teeth. The use of bleaching has dramatically risen in the last 15 years and there is wide-ranging documented evidence within the dental literature of the efficacy and uses of tooth-whitening procedures (Hasson et al, 2008). There are now a variety of techniques documented in the dental literature for the management of both vital and nonvital teeth as well many variations in the products that can be used clinically. These include vital bleaching, non-vital whitening and combination techniques such as the 'inside-out' technique. The most commonly used method is the tray method of tooth whitening (also known as 'night-guard' or 'at-home' whitening) where a peroxide-based whitening agent is placed in a custommade tray that patients can then wear overnight or for a prescribed period of time. This technique uses a form of either carbamide peroxide ranging from 10–22% with the most commonly used agent being 10% carbamide peroxide. Tooth discolouration is a common dental complaint and has many different causes. The aetiology of discoloured teeth is multifactorial and varies in severity as well as which part of the tooth is affected. There has been great interest in the development of new techniques for tooth bleaching over the last 20 years, although the first reported attempts to whiten teeth date back more than 200 years ago. The ability to alter the colour of teeth without removing otherwise healthy (albeit discoloured) tooth structure can never be underestimated. The development of the peroxide-based toothwhitening products has offered the dental profession a conservative and effective method of altering the colour of teeth without the removal of tooth structure and the inherent biological cost that this incurs. More invasive procedures, such as the provision of crowns and veneers, can require the removal of large amounts of healthy, albeit discoloured, tooth tissue which will invariably lead to additional procedures such as root canal treatment due to the trauma to the dental pulp. Nearly all currently prescribed toothwhitening agents are peroxide based, with the two main active products being either hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide. Carbamide peroxide has now largely superseded hydrogen peroxide as the main constituent in commercially


Background: Cognitive impairments are common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However little is known about the cognitive effects of dopaminergic therapy. Methods: The study was a single-blind prospective study of 21 patients with PD. Each patient had received either levodopa (Sinemet ® , n=8) or dopamine agonist (Requip ® , n =13) during 24 consecutive weeks. Neuropsychological battery, including Korean version of Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale – cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) and frontal-executive function part of SNSB (Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery), were performed two times, before and after the 24 weeks of management. Patients also received quantitative ratings of motor symptom severity and functional status using Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) before and after the dopaminergic therapy. Results: After six months of treatment, motor scale improved in both groups (p 0.05). In ADAS-Cog testing, Requip ® group improved at more categories than Sinemet ® group but without statistical difference (p >0.05). The results of frontal-executive function test did not differ between the groups, either. Conclusions: Our study does not provide an evidence that dopaminergic treatment improves cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, we found no significant difference in the effect on cognition between the two tested drugs and no difference in the results of the above-list ed neuropsychological tests between the first and the last visits. J Korean Neurol Assoc 26(4):341-346, 2008


Could the President legalize marijuana, without waiting for Congress to act? The 2020 Presidential Election has shown that this question is far from hypothetical. Seeking to capitalize on frustration with the slow pace of federal legislative reform, several erstwhile presidential candidates promised they would bypass the logjam in Congress and legalize marijuana through executive action instead. This Essay warns that such promises are both misguided and dangerous, because they ignore statutory and constitutional constraints on the President's authority to effect legal change. It explains why supporters of marijuana reform should be wary of legalizing the drug through executive action, even if that means having to wait for Congress to pass new legislation. To be clear, this Essay is not a defense of our current federal marijuana policy. That policy is a mess, regardless of one's views towards legalization. But proponents of reform need to recognize that Congress made this mess, and only Congress is capable of cleaning it up.


Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a significant role in amplifying immune responses against tumors. Our studies demonstrate that activated CD8+ T cells express TLRs and upon stimulation with TLR1-TLR2 agonists, exhibit enhanced T cell survival and proliferation. To define how TLR signaling promotes these processes, we compared gene expression analysis between TLR1-TLR2-stimulated and unstimulated CD8+ and MyD88-/- CD8+ T cells and identified significant increases in the expression levels of five TNF family members. We sought to test the hypothesis that the costimulatory effects of TLR1-TLR2 stimulation on CD8+ T cells were dependent on the function of one of these costimulatory molecules. Blocking CD137 (4-1BB) using blocking antibodies, but not the other TNF family members, dramatically reduced the costimulatory effects of TLR-mediated T cell proliferation. Likewise, 4-1BB -deficient CD8+ T cells did not respond to TLR stimulation. While TLR signals are capable of upregulating antiapoptotic proteins such as BCL2 and BCL-xL, mechanistically, we postulate that 4-1BB activation stabilizes these proteins, hence promoting survival. Adoptive transfer of pmel T cells along with the 4-1BB agonistic antibody, 3H3 and the TLR ligand, Pam3CSK4 was able to reduce tumor growth in a B16 melanoma model. These studies indicate that the costimulatory effects of TLR1-TLR2 signaling in CD8+ T cells mediated by 4-1BB signals are vital for mounting an effective antitumor response.


t Basee excision repai r (BER) is an evolutionaril y conserved system which removes altered bases fromfrom DNA. The initial step in BER is carried out by DNA glycosylases which recognize altered basess and cut the N-glycosidic bond between the base and the DNA backbone. In kinetoplasti d flagellates,, such as Trypanosoma brucei, the modified base p-D-glucosyl-hydroxymethyluraci l (J)) replaces a smal percentag e of thymine residues , predominantl y in repetitive telomeri c sequences .. Base J is synthesize d at the DNA level via the precursor 5-hydroxymethyluraci l (5HmU).. We have investigated whether J in DNA can be recognized by DNA glycosylases from non-kinetoplasti dd origin, and whether the presenc e of J and 5-HmU in DNA has required modificationss of the trypanosome BER system. We tested the ability of 16 different DNA glycosylasess from various origins to excise J or 5-HmU paired to A from duplex oligonucleotides .. No excision of J was found, but 5-HmU was excised by AlkA and Mug from EscherichiaEscherichia coli and by human SMUG1 and TDG, confirming previous reports. In a combination off databas e searche s and biochemical assay s we identified several DNA glycosylases in T. brucei, butt in trypanosome extract s we detected no excision activity towards 5-HmU or ethenocytosine , a productt of oxidative DNA damage and a substrat e for Mug, TDG and SMUG1. Our results indicatee that trypanosome s have a BER system similar to that of other organisms , but might be unablee to excise certai n forms of oxidatively damaged bases . The presenc e of J in DNA does not requiree a specific modification of the BER system, as this base is not recognized by any known DNAA glycosylase.


The express terminal station has fixed business location on campus.It is a service network of many express companies,by through which joined or cooperated.Distribution service is its main business at prophase.