A new framework to perform routing at the autonomous system (AS) level is proposed here. This mechanism, called chain routing framework (CRF), uses complete orders as its main topological unit. Since complete orders are acyclic digraphs that possess a known topology, it is possible to use these acyclic structures to route consistently packets between a group of ASs. The adoption of complete orders also allows easy identification and avoidance of persistent route oscillations, eliminates the possibility of developing transient loops in paths and provides a structure that facilitates the implementation of traffic engineering. Moreover, by combining CRF with other mechanisms that implement complete orders in time, the authors propose that it is possible to design a new routing protocol, which can be more reliable and stable than the border gateway protocol.


A two-act play/performance text inspired by James Luna's performance of "Ishi: The Archive Performance": Boston, July 2014, text courtesy of Elena Creef; see also Johns (2014).3 Contrary to Theodora Kroeber, Ishi's story did not end with the publication of her book Ishi in Two Worlds (1961; also Kroeber and Kroeber, 2003). In fact, Ishi has had multiple lives since he died. Here are some of them. In fact, he became an indigenist rights activist participating in the Dakota Access Pipeline Protest (2022).


The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a molded element (1, 2) by cold forming, with an annealing of the molded and deformed element (1, 2) intended to recrystallize the structure to lower the resistance to deformation with a view to a further forming process, followed by cooling. This process integrates easily and at low costs to an existing mass manufacturing processes without compromising process security. The element is only partially annealed in the areas (a, b, c), then subjected to a further forming process.


This research aims to find out and analyze the influence of the original Revenue areas, General allocation Funds and Special Funds Allocation against the human development index district/city of Central Java province in the period of 2012 – 2014. Type of this research is quantitative research. The sample used in this study was 35 district/municipality which consists of 6 towns and 29 regencies in Central Java province. This study uses secondary data in the form of Government BUDGETS-realization Report district/city of Central Java province in the period of 2012 – 2014 and the human development index. Data analysis using a classic assumption test, test hypotheses and coefficients of determination.
The results showed that the original Regional Revenue (PAD) and the General Allocation Fund (DAU) has an influence on the human development index, while the Special Allocation Fund (DAK) has no effect against the human development index.

Key Words : Native Revenue (PAD), General Allocation Funds (DAU), Special Allocation Fund (DAK), The Human Development Index (Hdi)


Problem statement In post-disaster situations, it is often necessary to undertake rapid visual site reconnaissance to characterise patterns of damage and identify reconstruction opportunities and constraints. Rapid visual site analysis can occur over a period of hours to days rather than weeks to months. The time constraint is often necessary to assess the viability of initial reconstruction scenarios and help broaden the range of choice among site planning options. Rapid assessment can also minimise the use of scarce local post-disaster resources during the initial reconnaissance phases of planning. Because it involves visual methods rather than equipment-intensive survey techniques, it serves as an initial scoping of alternatives. It may follow emergency shelter response planning methods (for example, Sphere Project, 2011, ch 4) and be followed by more comprehensive site mapping and screening. This action–research project reviews the literature on post-disaster site analysis with an emphasis on the tsunami-affected area of north-eastern Japan. Because research on rapid visual site analysis in post-disaster contexts is limited, we combined field-based site analysis methods, adapted for post-disaster planning, with visual methods for assessing seismic and tsunami hazards.


This study assessed various traits of two Japanese high school students' communicative performance by examining their interaction with native speakers of English while they were visiting the United States as part of a 5-day study tour. The study focused on the kind of student performance that should be considered a successful outcome of school-based communicative learning. For this tour, students had received English lessons four times per week and taken lessons that emphasized communication two to three times per week. Thirty videotaped scenes of the students' interactions with their host families were analyzed from both functional and formal perspectives. Results indicated that classroom learning may have exercised favorable effects on the establishment of interpersonal relationships and helped improve listening comprehension skills. There were few signs of communicative breakdown due to input incomprehensibility. The host father provided a significant amount of conversational support. However, students' language production failed to attain a high level of syntactic development. The study recommends that some kind of pushed output training be incorporated into communication -first classroom teaching to avoid premature fossilization in productive skill development. (Contains 25 references.) (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Observation of High School Students' Real-life Communication During a Study Tour Abroad


The invention discloses a preparation method for Chinese sauerkraut. The method comprises the following steps: using fresh vegetables as raw materials, sorting, selecting, cleaning up, then drying to remove 60-70% of moisture, cutting the fresh vegetables into fragments, kneading and rubbing to remove a majority of residual moisture in vegetables, filling the vegetables into a vacuum enamel can while compressing to exhaust, sealing the can for fermentation, removing moisture in the can under the vacuum state periodically, stopping sealing the can after the fermentation for 7-15 days, adding salt, uniformly mixing the salt with the vegetables, so as to obtain the final product. The method is scientific and reasonable and facilitates large-scale production, besides, the preparation technology is excellent in stability, and the prepared Chinese sauerkraut is excellent in mouthfeeling and stable in quality; the Chinese sauerkraut prepared by adopting the method is nutrient-rich, delicious in taste, sour, appetizing and tasty, and promotes the secretion of saliva or body fluid, thereby being a green food suitable for people of all ages.


Sunlight active antibacterial N-doped anatase TiO2 nanocrystalline thin films were synthesized on Si(100), quartz and glass substrates at 300–550 °C, in a single step by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, using hexamine as the nitrogen source and characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectrometry, secondary ion mass spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron and UV-visible spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity under UV, sunlight and normal room lighting was studied and compared. The TiO2−x−3yN2y films showed enhanced antibacterial activity under room light and sunlight compared to the pristine TiO2 films. The enhanced activity with nitrogen doping is due to the photo-generated holes on the localized N 2p states above the O 2p valence band, which are mobile enough to participate in the surface redox reaction. The microstructure of the films varied from nanodot chains to triangular platelets to cuboids with increase in synthesis temperature, confirming control of morphology and size with synthesis temperature. The secondary ion mass spectrometric studies of the films revealed a uniform distribution of titanium, oxygen and nitrogen across the thickness of the film. The N-doping concentration was ∼3.4%, as confirmed by XPS. The films had a band gap of about 3.30 eV obtained from UV-Vis studies.


Pleural infection is associated with 20% mortality in the 80 000 new cases per year in the UK and USA. Streptococcus species cause ∼50% of community-acquired bacterial pleural infection.1 Staphylococcus aureus and anaerobes are isolated in 8% and 20% of cases, respectively, and 12% of pleural infections yield polymicrobial cultures. However, even using culture and nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAATs), 26% of cases remain microbiologically obscure.

The negative microbiology may be due to previous antibiotic treatment, varying pathogen prevalence in different pleural fluid locules (already known to vary biochemically2) or the presence of organisms that are difficult to detect using conventional techniques. One such possible organism is Pneumocystis jirovecii , which requires specialist diagnostic techniques (eg, Grocott–Gomori methenamine silver staining or NAATs).

P jirovecii has been identified in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals—it has been isolated from BAL fluid using NAATs …


Abstract The pharmacological activity of seven β-blockers was evaluated based on retention time on high performance liquid chromatographv with an internal surface reversed-phase silica column (Pinkcrton column). Significant relationships were found between the adjusted retention times for β-blockers and their pharmacological effects, such as affinity for the β1 heart receptors (r = -0.714) and the β2 lung receptors (r = -0.937). Thus retention time on high performance liquid chromatography may be a rapid and replicable approach to the prediction of pharmacological effects.


A dynamic analysis of axially loaded plates with intermediate fixities is presented. The underwater part of a craft is modeled as a lightly damped flexible plate, which rises out of the water and slams against it at a large vertical velocity. This causes highly localized hydrodynamic impact pressure moving at high velocities across the plate, setting it into high-frequency vibrations. The natural frequencies of the plate depend on the slenderness ratio, aspect ratio, axial load, and end fixities. The end fixities depend on the quality of welding, and type of bracketing. Normal mode summation method is used to analyze the vibratory response, which is generated for various impact speeds, deadrise angles, end fixities, axial loads, aspect ratios, and slenderness ratios. A parametric study is done to predict the location, instant, and magnitude of the maximum dynamic stresses on the structure. The hydrodynamic pressure is assumed to act on the equilibrium position of the plate, i.e. one-way coupling of the fluid and the structure is studied. The primary aim is to study the time-varying dynamic stress configurations and draw conclusions leading to sound structural designs.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of 135 mg and 60mg paclitaxel combined with cisplatin chemoradiotherapy for advanced cervical cancer. Methods 70 advanced cervical cancer patients were enrolled and divided into the observation group( given 60 mg paclitaxel chemoradiotherapy) and the control group( given 135 mg paclitaxel chemoradiotherapy). Results There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in TNM stage and tumor angiogenesis; CD3+,CD4+,NK cells of the observation group( 52. 82 ± 6. 73,43. 54 ± 7. 72,7. 82 ± 0. 71) were significantly higher than those of the control group,adverse reaction( 31. 43%) was significantly lower than that of the control group. Conclusion 60 mg paclitaxel chemoradiotherapy can obtain equal effect as the 135 mg paclitaxel with less adverse reactions.


This research describes the management of the development of Islamic boarding schools in the modern era. It begins with identifying and analyzing the historical dynamics of the development of Islamic boarding schools in order to be able to develop an appropriate education system to be applied to modern Islamic boarding schools. It should be done to find out the right strategy to be applied to Islamic boarding schools in order to increase its existence as an Islamic educational institution in current conditions that have changed in a modern way. In this research, the method used is a qualitative method by conducting a study based on document analysis. The author collects, identifies, analyzes, and synthesizes the data obtained, then makes interpretations of policies, concepts, and events. The analysis used is policy analysis, which is a form of analyzing various documents related to a policy in the management of Islamic boarding schools.


Objective To evaluate the effect of combination therapy with tamlosin and tolterodine improving symtoms in patients with indweling double-J ureteral stents. Methods A total of 106 patients underwent placement of a double-J ureteral stent after retrograde ureteroscopy for urinary stone disease, which were prospectively randomized(random numbers table) into two groups. The tamlosin group(n=53) was administered tamlosin 0.2 mg once daily, the combination group(n=53) was administered tamlosin 0.2 mg once daily and tolterodine 2 mg twice daily. All the patients completed a validated the Overactive Blader Symptom Score(OABSS) urgency score, the International Prostate Symtom Score(IPSS), the Overactive Blader Symptom Score(OABSS), the Quality Of Life Score(QOL) one day before the placement and 4 weeks after stent placement of stent. Results There was a statistically significant difference between tamlosin group and combination group in the OABSS urgency score(3.3±0.9vs0.9±0.2), IPSS score(11.5±1.8vs8.9±1.3), OABSS score(8.3±1.8vs3.7±1.65), QOL score(39.7±13.2vs18.2±10.6)at the 4 week follow-up. Differences between groups were statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusions Indwelling ureteral stents have a significant impact on health related quality of life. It is effective for improving symptoms in patients with indwelling double-J ureteral stents by combination therapy with tamlosin and tolterodine.


The use of GeoGebra Software in mathematics learning is the application of ICT-based learning that can be done in schools. This is done to make learning interactive. This study aims to determine and analyze trends in article writing with the theme of using GeoGebra software in mathematics learning between 2017-2022, articles, countries of origin, authors, and institutions that have the most citations and link strengths using databases. dimensions. The method used is bibliometric analysis. The sample used is 180 articles that were searched using the database dimensions according to the specified keywords. The data is stored in CSV format to be used in the VOSviewer software to obtain a mapping in search of publication trends. The trend of writing articles with the theme of using GeoGebra software experienced a significant increase between 2017 and 2021 by 279%. Analysis based on software VOSviewer has 5 themes related to the use of GeoGebra software in mathematics learning, namely: "control group"¸"concept", "medium", "subject", "analysis", and " article" which is still rarely researched and is a theme in the renewal of research. This theme is used as reference material for further research.


The isotropic light fiber probe is made by using a high scattering sphere and light fiber.The test for the probe receiving the incident light in different direction shows that the relative change rate of the response is less than 10% as the incident angle between 10°~350°.The detection result of the relative energy flux rate distribution in the medium can correspond to the theoretical result very well.


Objective: To investigate the antidepressant activity of Centalla asiatic triterpenic acid(CATA),and its main comstituerts asiatic acid(AA) and madecassic acid(MA).Methods:The forced swimming test(FST),tail suspension test(TST),open field activity(OFA) test and reserpine-induced ptosis test were carried out to examine the antidepressant activity in mice.Mice immobility duration in FST and TST,spontaneous activity frequency in OFA,and ptosis in reserpine antagonistic test were observed.Results: CATA,AA and MA could significantly shorten mice immobility time in FST at the dosages of 60 and 120 mg/kg and could markedly shorten mice immobility time in TST at the dosages of 30,60 and 120 mg/kg.They could not reduce mice spontaneous activity in OFA.CATA,AA and MA could reduce ptosis mice in reserpine antagonistic test.Conclusion:CATA,AA and MA exert an antidepressant activity in animal models.


This article analyses the ways in which two internationally renowned Zimbabwean women writers, Yvonne Vera and Petina Gappah, show a fascination with names in their novels, and in the process call attention to theories and key concepts about personal names and naming practices. One of the main aims of this article is to complement the isolated discussions of the value of names as narrative strategies in Vera and Gappah's novels. In particular, this article explores how onomastic statements and contexts highlighted in selected novels by Vera and Gappah could be interpreted as significant contributions to an understanding of personal names and naming practices in a specific socio-politico-cultural context of (post)colonial Zimbabwe. The selected onomastic statements and contexts are analysed in this article as comments on nicknames and nicknaming as a form of othering, and personal names and naming as significant pointers to human co-presence and interdependence.


This book provides insight into skilled peoples perspectives on and experiences with emigration and challenges many of the popularly held stereotypes about the "brain drain" in South Africa. It presents national surveys on skilled migration conducted in South Africa Botswana and Lesotho.


Refinements of the single photon technique are reported, which are concerned for the most part with the photon timing photomultiplier, its associated circuitry, and the signal processing equipment between this multiplier and the time to amplitude convertor. A photomultiplier voltage distribution circuit is described which permits one to optimize the performance of the photon counting photomultiplier either for sensitivity, time resolution, or both in order to assure the validity of the convolution integral as the representation of the instrument output. An investigation of the variation of the instrumental response with stop discriminator level is reported, and the origin and elimination of wavelength effects and photocathode area effects associated with the timing photomultiplier are also described.


Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are waste products from the oil palm plantations, which is still an issue in Indonesian plantations. The high cellulose content in OPEFB enables them to be processed into cellulose nanofibers (CNF) that can be applied as fillers in the hydrogel. This research aimed to synthesize cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogel and observe the optimal condition to produce hydrogel with high absorption and good thermal properties. CNF-based hydrogel is an excellent option to improve the physicochemical characteristics of the hydrogel. In this work, carboxy methyl cellulose hydrogel was firstly prepared by using citric acid. Then, CNF were added as fillers at different ratio variations, such as 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt%. The surface morphology of the hydrogel showed rough surfaces, except for the 7 wt% CNF variation that produced hydrogel with a homogeneous surface. The cross-linking between the hydrogel and the fillers was evaluated by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). A peak associated with the carboxylic acid functional group indicated hydrogel formation. The incorporation of CNF did not change the FTIR spectra since both materials had similar structures. Water absorption analysis showed that the developed product could be classified as a superabsorbent since all samples showed a degree of swelling above 200 g.g−1. CNF content at a 1 %wt ratio had the highest water retention and best thermal stability. The hydrogel showed exceptional characteristics, being suitable for various applications, mainly in agricultural sectors that required water delivery to the soil.


A device for needleless injection having a housing containing a pilot valve connectable to a compressed gas source. Booster valve power dual stage includes a main valve operably connected to the pilot valve. This valve pilot and main form another shuttle valve STAGE WITH activatable pilot valve to open the main USING GAS PRESSURE. The compressed gas in a container floats through the main valve OPEN TO ACTIVATE A Plunger in an ampule for injecting a solution INYECTABLE THROUGH SKIN PATIENT. SYNCHRONISERS PROVIDED TO RESIST THE UNEXPECTED DEVICE PERFORMANCES AND A flag indicating if there is sufficient gas pressure in the device for another injection.


This paper is concerned with the filtering problem for descriptor system with measurement delays. Using full-order transformation, the original descriptor system with delayed measurements is transferred to the normal system with delayed state and delayed measurements. Based on the projection theory, the filter and smoother of the normal system are derived. Then, the full-order filter and smoother of the original descriptor system are given. The proposed estimators avoid the high-dimensional computation from state augmentation. Simulation research verifies the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


Groundwater models can be used for the assessment of the impact of the different cropping pattern andchange in urban area on groundwater resource and modeling is the best tool to optimize the differentcombinations or scenarios and to select the best combination or scenario for management of sustainablegroundwater resources. In this study, three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater model VisualMODFLOW 2.8.1 was used to simulate the groundwater dynamics in Nagarjuna Sagar Right CanalCommand area. The net area irrigated under Nagarjuna Sagar Right Canal is 4.75 lakh ha. Calibration andvalidation of the model has been carried out and used to predict the static groundwater storage availabilityin the study area for different cropping pattern scenarios and change in the urban area. The validatedVisual MODFLOW 2.8.1 was used to simulate the groundwater dynamics in the study area for the years2030 and 2040 with different cropping pattern scenarios and change in the urban area. Global climatemodel MarkSim, which is developed by the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) was usedto generate future weather data for the years 2030 and 2040. The impact of change in cropping pattern onstorage of static groundwater resource in the study area for the years 2030 and 2040 was assessed with twoscenarios of change in rice cropped area decreased by 50 per cent and 100 per cent with this cropped areacultivated equally by the ID crops. These results showed that the lesser storage of static groundwaterresources in future lesser. The change in the cropping pattern affects the net recharge of the groundwaterwhich influences the groundwater levels. Increase in paddy area increases the recharge and rise ingroundwater level has been identified. In the study area, cropping pattern could be changed from rice cropto other irrigated dry crops to prevent the increase of groundwater resources which leads the water loggingcondition in the study area. The urbanization is one of the most significant factor considering for assessmentof the response on the groundwater levels and availability of static groundwater resources. The groundwaterrecharge is very less in case of increase in urban area and generates more runoff rather than the intake ofrainfall in the ground surface as having the impervious nature. In view of increase in urban area in thestudy area, the four scenarios are proposed with the combination of 10 per cent and 20 per cent decrease inrecharge and 50 per cent and 100 per cent increase in groundwater draft and simulated the groundwater fluctuations for the years 2030 and 2040. The impact of change in the urban area on storage of availablestatic groundwater resource in the study area for the years 2030 and 2040 was assessed with four scenarioscombination of groundwater recharge and groundwater pumping. The storage of static groundwaterresources would be expected in future lesser than the present storage of static groundwater resources in allscenarios due to increase in urban area as increased in impervious nature of the ground surface. The declinein available static groundwater resources would be expected 6.38 per cent and 7.08 per cent during 2030and 2040 respectively. The rapid expansion in the urban area and their settlements is also one of the reasonsfor the depletion of groundwater resources with low recharge and high groundwater draft.


53Background: The prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes has been evaluated in periampullary carcinoma, but previous studies have not taken into consideration the different morphological subtypes of cancers derived from the periampullary region. Herein, we investigated the prognostic impact and distribution of tumor-infiltrating CD3+, CD8+, FoxP3+ T lymphocytes as well as IL-17+cells in periampullary adenocarcinoma, with particular reference to morpohological subtyoe. Methods: Counts of CD3+, CD8+, FoxP3+ T lymphocytes, and IL-17+cells were assessed using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays with tumors from a consecutive retrospective cohort of 175 patients with resected periampullary adenocarcinoma; 110 of pancreatobiliary type (PB-type) and 65 of I intestinal type (I-type). Results: Distribution of all evaluated immune cells differed significantly between PB- and I-type tumors. In I-type tumors, the ratios of IL-17+/FoxP3+ and IL-17+/CD3+ were independent factors of poor prognosis....


Our patterns of land consumption are neither economically competitive nor environmentally sound. Local, regional, state, and federal actions that direct, influence, or react to land development may be called the national "land-use system." Our not "growing smart" must be due, in part, to deficiencies in this land-use system. This working paper identifies those deficiencies, concentrating first on local home rule. Accepting the importance of local control, this paper seeks to establish standards for evaluating state statutes designed to correct these deficiencies.


Background: Viral hepatitis is a major health problem worldwide. Hepatitis B is very contagious compared to other blood born viruses. For barbers, the use of blades and razors is part of their occupation, which can expose them to blood of customers while shaving and hair cutting. Methods: A work place based cross sectional study was conducted among 400 barbers in selected sub cities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Study subjects were selected by using convenience sampling method. Data on sociodemographic factors and associated factors were collected using pretested questionnaires. HBsAg was done using ELISA technique and data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of 400 barbers tested, 15 were positive for HBsAg giving an overall magnitude of 3.75% (15/400). Among unmarried or single participants 11 (3.92%) were positive (χ 2 =0.45, P=0.93). The overall serological results were not statistically associated with socio demographic characteristics. Conclusion: The magnitude of HBsAg was 3.75%. In this study, most barbers had poor knowledge about the etiology, symptom, transmission and prevention of hepatitis B. Moreover, all of the study participants did not vaccinated due to lack of knowledge about the presence of HBV vaccine. prevalence A work place based cross-sectional study design was used to determine the magnitude of Hepatitis B virus among 400 barbers in selected Sub cities of Addis Ababa Ethiopia. A structured pretested questionnaire was given to each participant by trained health professionals. The participants were free to seek further explanation or clarification from the trained personnel or investigator on the sections of the questionnaire that are not clear to them. From barbers who gave consent blood sample was obtained and tested for presence or absence of HBsAg by using ELISA method. All data obtained from the study was analyzed. Statistical calculation was done using SPSS version 20. Chi square (X 2 ) test was employed to examine the significant association between variables where applicable. Statistical significance was set at 0.05.


Directional correlation of solvent site-dipole field, resulting from orientational ordering of individual water molecules around guanine nucleotides in the Hras-GTP complex and in the Hras-GDP complex, was studied with molecular dynamics simulations of the Hras-GTP and the Hras-GDP complexes in water solution. The coarse-grained time-window-averaged site-dipole fields are different between Hras-GTP and Hras-GDP at some area, although the time-window-averaged site-dipole fields without spatial coarse-graining are not so different. This suggests that, for the orientation of water molecules at special position, the spatial coherence is more important than the temporal coherence for GTP hydrolysis in the Hras-GTP complex.


AbstractBasic concepts of chemistry, such as the atom, covalent bonds, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, oxidation, reduction, pH, acids, bases, and hard-soft acidbase (HSAB) theory are explained. Chemical reactions of formalin, heavy metal fixatives and alcohol with tissue components are discussed as well. Because most staining procedures involve charged substances, the pH of a dye solution and its effects on tissue ionization are critical. At different pH values, a tissue component may be uncharged or charged; if the latter, it may be cationic or anionic, or both.


Surrogate embryo transfer (SET) is a new procedure, developed by a research team led by Dr. John Buster of the Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, that involves recovery by uterine lavage of an embryo from a donor woman for transfer to the sperm donor's wife. With the concurrence of Dr. Buster, Fertility and Genetics Research, Inc., the company that funded the research, has applied for patents on both the instruments used and the SET process itself. Annas discusses the ethical and legal issues raised by applying the concept of process patenting to a reproductive technology, and contends that such patents should be rejected unless the medical profession and the public can be assured that effective quality controls will be utilized and that reproductive privacy will not be compromised.


Free‐field to eardrum transfer functions (HRTFs) measured on human subjects are rich in detail and almost certainly include spectral features (peaks and notches) that are unimportant for sound localization. In an effort to simplify the HRTFs and to model how the spectral features change with changes in source location, a principal components analysis (PCA) of the magnitude components of the HRTFs was conducted. PCA reparametrizes a set of interrelated measurements by reducing the redundancy in the original data while retaining as much as possible of the variation present in the data. HRTFs measured from both ears of each of four subjects at 266 source locations were analyzed. Each of the 532 HRTFs was represented by 150 spectral points (150–15 000 Hz). The results suggest that the original 150 spectral measures can be reduced to 5 measures, or components, that account for approximately 95% of the variance in the 532 HRTFs. The principal component weights were used to reconstruct the magnitude components o...


Since 1995, sex workers in New South Wales have been fortunate to have been able to operate in a decriminalised work environment. As the above quote makes clear, the decriminalisation of sex work has direct and immediate impacts on the safety and wellbeing of sex workers.


Russia, like no other country in the world, has a huge potential for fish-farming development. According to data of different authors, in Russia from 12 to 16 million hectares of water areas of inland water bodies are suitable for fish-farming. Aquaculture farms potential in Russia is estimated at, at least, 2-3 million tons. It should be borne in mind, however, that our statistics do not take into account the so-called micro water bodies with an area of less than 1 hectare. The Department of Economics and Accounting in Agroindustrial Complex of the Irkutsk State Agrarian University in collaboration with Ministry of Agriculture of the Irkutsk Region carried out a study of aquaculture production state, identified factors that hampered its development, gave recommendations on use of forms of state support for agricultural aquaculture producers. The article is devoted to the current state and problems of commercial fish-farming development in Russia, including main aquaculture objects cultivated in Russia and its potential species; volume of catching aquatic biological resources and production of aquaculture products in Russia from 2007 to 2016 and main directions of state support for this sector.


This article aims at verifying the findings of Wilkinson and Pickett (2009) which point to a strong correlation between the income gap and the escalation of social problems. Wilkinson and Pickett's thesis states that all kinds of social problems are directly connected to the scale of social inequality in a given country. This article tests this concept by analysing the relation between the income gap in a particular country and the cultural activity of its citizens. The study assumes that low cultural activity can be defined as a social problem in modern European knowledge societies that are based on cultural industry. This relation is investigated in 22 European Union countries. The study demonstrates that there is a strong correlation between cultural activity and the scale of social inequality. In egalitarian countries the cultural activity is high, in highly stratified countries it is low.


With increasing transistor density on a single chip, processor design in the nanoscale era is hitting power and frequency walls. Due to these challenges, processors not only need to run fast, but remain cool and consume less energy. At this juncture where no further improvement in clock frequency is possible, data dependent latching through timing speculation provides a silver lining. In this paper, (a) we present a novel power level switching mechanism using reliable and aggressive designs that support overclocking. Using the proposed framework, we achieve 40 percent speed-up and also observe 75 percent energy-delay squared product (ED2) savings relative to the base architecture. (b) showcase the loss of efficiency in current chip multiprocessor systems due to excess power supplied. We propose a utilization-aware task scheduling (UTS) - a power management scheme that increases energy efficiency of chip multiprocessors. (c) demonstrate that UTS along with aggressive timing speculation extracts ample performance from the system without loss of efficiency, and also without breaching power and thermal constraints. We demonstrate that UTS improves performance by 12 percent due to aggressive power level switching and over 50 percent in ED2 savings in comparing to traditional power management techniques.


of and methods for resource assessment the role of technology in engineering pedagogy. Abstract Property lookups are a critical element of undergraduate engineering thermodynamics courses. A student focus on the process of property lookups, however, can serve to obfuscate higher level learning objectives and analysis. We discuss application of PYroMat, an open-source, Python-based thermodynamic lookup package, to simplify property lookups and enable students to focus on deeper investigation of core concepts. While PYroMat has previously been reported as a classroom tool, the present study reports on development of a set of online calculators based on the PYroMat package to eliminate the need for students to learn programming skills alongside the thermodynamics content. Results from a survey indicate potential for the tool, but interpretations are somewhat limited by a small sample size. We believe that dissemination of these tools have the potential to facilitate student learning and encourage exploration of thermodynamics concepts.


This paper aims to discuss the role of segmentation for business to business to achieve competitive advantage. Segmentation has a role to determine the business to business strategy in order to achieve a competitive advantage with the ability to determine the appropriate target market with the resources the business to business.
Segmentation makes business to business can focus on a particular consumer group that brings the ability to create effectiveness in order to achieve cost leadership. Business to business is also able to create a better differentiation because it is more focused on particular groups.
Changes in the environment, create business to business should be an evaluation of the segmentation is performed. This is due to changes in the environment allows a shift in the characteristics that ultimately led to a shift in the segment grouping.


There has been increasing interest in adult attachment from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. B ecause the test of a theory is based on our ability to assess theoretical constructs, the review is organized around assessment techniques. Delineating the content, focus, assumptions, and correlates of different attachment measures highlights central issues and problems in conducting research in adult attachment. In this review, we present theoretical issues related to adul t attachment, in particular, individual differences, working models, and the role of attachment in adult life. A summary of the measures commonly used in the study of adult a ttachment follows. The literature review is organized by measure, examining topics such as relations between childhood experiences and adult attachment status, and adult attachment and adult personality and functio ning, parenting and partnership behavior. Studies which explore relations between measures are discussed b efore concluding with thoughts about fut ure directions.


Load forecasting plays a key role in power system operation and planning. However, the influencing factors of electric power load are very complex and variable. To achieve higher precision, as many of factors as possible are input in the forecast model at the cost of complex computing. Principal components analysis (PCA) is one of multivariate statistic analysis, which achieves parsimony and reduces dimensionality to simplify computation by extracting the smallest number of irrelevant components with little loss of information. In this paper, a new method for load forecasting based on PCA and least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) is presented. Firstly, principal components are extracted from various factors of load by PCA to be inputs of LS-SVM. Then LS-SVM is applied to train and predict. The model is characterized by all-sided influencing factors and simple computing. Analysis of the experimental results proved that the method proposed achieved greater accuracy and efficiency than conventional LS-SVM.


With transforms of gear end,changing operating mode and adjusting process,the polyester coarse denier DTY can be produced on general monofilament gear end machine using folding processing method.With the suitable direction of twist,processing speed,drawing ratio,set temperature and set super-feeding.The performance figure of products through the monofilament processing is almost the same as the products through the double silk processing.


A method is proposed which has been experimentally verified for analyzing porosity‡ data in terms of two dimensionless parameters—the discharge coefficient and Reynolds number—char— acterizing the flow through interyarn pores of a metallic fabric. It is experimentally shown that porosity data for wire screens ranging in texture from 8 to 120 wires per in. and in porosities from 30 to 680 ft.3/ft.2, min. can be plotted within rather narrow limits as a single line relating the two dimensionless flow coefficients.


An engineer and a computer expert from Goddard Space Flight Center were assigned to provide technical assistance in the design and installation of a computer assisted system for dispatching and communicating with fire department personnel and equipment in Baltimore City. Primary contributions were in decision making and management processes. The project is analyzed from four perspectives: (1) fire service; (2) technology transfer; (3) public administration; and (5) innovation. The city benefitted substantially from the approach and competence of the NASA personnel. Given the proper conditions, there are distinct advantages in having a nearby Federal laboratory provide assistance to a city on a continuing basis, as is done in the Baltimore Applications Project.


The title compound (systematic name: 4-{3-[2-azatricyclo[9.4.0.03,8]pentadeca-1(15),3,5,7,11,13-hexaen-2-yl]propyl}-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1,4-diium dichloride), C23H31N3O+·2Cl−, is the dihydrochloride of a piperazine derivative bearing a bulky 3-(5H-dibenz[b,f]azepin-5-yl)propyl substituent. Protonation took place on both N atoms of the piperazine unit. The diazacyclohexane ring adopts a chair conformation. N—H⋯Cl, O—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding as well as C—H⋯O contacts connect the components into a three-dimensional network in the crystal. Two C—H⋯π contacts are also observed.


Abstract Measurements were made of the colour and brightness of wool produced by lousy and louse-free sheep run together over the wool growing period. Scoured core samples were freed of vegetable matter and their tristimulus values were measured from reflectance colorimeter readings. Wool from lousy sheep was significantly more yellow and less bright where the 'background' colour was good.


We investigate the inference rules that have been presented for a set of Functional Dependencies in a database relation and derive another inference rule known as a cancellation rule and also present a generalization of the union rule


for scholars concerned with substance use, gender, deviance, and health. Importantly, it moves our gaze away from the inner city to consider the role of drug use in suburban communities. The accessible way that this book is written also lends it to use in the classroom with undergraduates. Overall, Boeri provides us with a book that highlights the types of concerns for which applied sociology can be used to advocate change, both at the policy level and public considerations of drug use.


Chinese overall trade has seen rapid growth alongside its massive financial progress, prompting the country to focus on the world as its market. This inquiry looks at the role of general commerce in China's financial progress. It begins with an overview of the origins of China's broad trade framework and the structure that China has adopted for trading areas. Similarly, China's global trade execution is thoroughly scrutinized. China has been declared the world's fastest-growing economy. China has become the largest economic manufacturer, and trading partner of the United States as well. China's economic development has made a great contribution to the global economy. China's economic growth helps the world to stabile its economy. China is considered a hugely attractive market in the world economy. China has a great contribution to the export of products in the world. The research is a qualitative analysis of the previously published material related to the relevant theme. It finds that Chinese economic growth has both positive and negative concequences on the world economy, society and environment.


The present invention relates to a rubber foam and a preparation method for the adsorption of metal ions in water, belonging to the field of polymer materials. Rubber foam of the invention comprises a weight meter according to the following component parts: a terminal hydroxyl group of 20 to 80 parts of nitrile rubber, 20 to 40 parts isocyanate, 0.5 to 3 parts of catalyst, 0.5 to 3 parts foam stabilizer, foaming agent 5 to 10 parts, 2 to 10 parts of pore-forming agent, 5 to 20 parts of expanded graphite. The present invention is a nitrile rubber with terminal hydroxyl by reacting the isocyanate prepared in the presence of a nitrile rubber foam blowing agents and a catalyst, to give a foam rubber capable of adsorbing metal ions in the sewage to solve the prior art dynamic adsorption Adsorption water needs to be the column is introduced, difficult to handle a large amount of sewage, and there is a small static adsorption resin adsorption amount recovered collection cumbersome to deal with difficult issues, modified nitrile rubber foam of the invention is made of nitrile rubber foam structure, large surface area, for sewage has good adsorptive adsorbed metal ions.


We reason that Hardy's probability of quantum entanglement marks the transition from a smooth 4D to a rugged fractal-like K3 Kahler spacetime. The associated eigenvalue constituting the measurable ordinary energy density in this case is given by Einstein's celebrated formula E = mc2 divided by 22 where m is the mass and c is the speed of light. That way the missing energy is concluded to be a hypothetical so called dark energy amounting to E(D) = E E(O) where E(O) is the earlier mentioned measurable ordinary energy. By looking deeper at the nature of E(O) and E(D) components of E(Einstein) it becomes evident that E(O) is a quasi potential energy of the quantum particle modeled by the zero quantum set while E(D) is a quasi kinetic energy of the propagating quantum wave as modeled by the empty quantum set of our transfinite quantum set theory. A particularly highly interesting new result of the present work is a demonstration of the independence of dark energy density from the number of the spacetime dimensions of the corresponding theory used.


more easily fill the gap. It would not be surprising, then, if ap~rayp.os, ' being snatched avTay ', connoted divine intervention (as with the verb ap7ra~Etv in Ac 839, Rev 12~, 1 Th 4 17 ; the Lexicon of Patristic Greek also cites usages of the verb in connexion with the rapture of Elijah and of Ezekiel.) A difficulty may be that in most of these cases, as well as in 2 Co 122-4, the verb stands with further qualification : ~rpos Tov Oeov in Rev. 125, Ev ve~E~acs in I Th 41', 9COg TpiTOV ovpavov and Eis Tov 1Tapá8EtaOV in 2 Co 122-4. The verb, however, stands alone in Ac 839 (as does the verb aipecv in Mt 4 6). If, however, Ph 26-7 was actually prompted by the tradition of the baptism and temptation of Jesus, dpwayp65 might be easily explicable in the context without further phrase. If dpwayp6g can be so understood, a new balance appears in the whole passage : He who did not consider that to be Son of God meant being caught u~ (to heaven), in the hour of trial, nevertheless was in due time exalted by God to receive the homage of all. 1 D. W. B. ROBINSON


Objective:To investigate the prevalence of supplement use among young elite Japanese athletes. Design:Survey study. Setting:2010 Youth Olympic Games, Singapore. Participants:Data were collected from individual interviews during medical evaluations of 75 athletes selected for the Japanese national team. Main Outcome Measures:Main outcome measures included the use of supplements, products used, frequency of use, purpose of use, and relationships between supplement use and athlete attitudes toward a balanced diet. Results:All 75 athletes agreed to participate in this study, and individual interviews by pharmacists made it possible to collect complete answers from all athletes. Of these athletes, 47 (62.7%) used 1 or more supplement products (average number of products used, 1.1 ± 1.3). The most popular supplement was amino acids, which were used by 33 athletes (44.0%). Of the supplements used, 28 (32.6%) were taken every day, whereas 28 (32.6%) were used only on special occasions. Moreover, 34 of the supplement products (39.5%) were taken to enhance recovery from fatigue, whereas 19 (22.1%) were used to improve athletic performance. Statistical analysis suggested that there was no significant relationship between supplement use and attitudes toward a balanced diet. Conclusions:The results revealed widespread supplement use among young elite athletes in the Japanese national team for the Singapore Youth Olympic Games in 2010. Moreover, these athletes apparently used supplements without considering the effects of their normal diets.


The reactions of alkynes and α-nitro-olefines with methylazide and phenylazide was studied. In contrast to known reactions with alkynes which are non-regioselective, methylazide and phenylazide react regiospecifically with α-nitro-olefines and give only one type of triazole after elimination of HNO2. These reactions are very useful synthetic approaches to 1,2,3 triazoles.


In this study, the effects of melt structure (tuned by controlling the fusion temperature Tf) on non-isothermal crystallization and subsequent melting behaviors of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) nucleated with α/β compounded nucleating agents (α/β-CNAs) have been further investigated. The results show that under all cooling rates studied (2–40°C/min), the crystallization temperature on cooling curves increased gradually with decrease of Tf, meanwhile, when Tf was in temperature range of 166–179°C where ordered structures survived in the melt (defined as Region II), crystallization activation energy ΔE was found to be evidently lower compared with that when Tf>179°C or Tf < 166°C. The results of subsequent heating showed that occurrence of Ordered Structure Effect can be observed at all the cooling rates studied; the location of the Region II was constant when cooling rate varied; Low cooling rate encouraged formation of more β-phase triggered by ordered structure. Moreover, the role of ordered structure on β-α recrystallization was comparatively studied by tuning the end temperature of recooling (Tend) after held at Tf, and it was found that ordered structure encouraged the formation of β-phase with high thermal stability at low temperature part of Region II, while enhanced the β-crystal with relatively low thermal stability at high temperature part of Region II. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers


Local scour of bridge piers is one of the main threats responsible for bridge damage. Adopting scour countermeasures to protect bridge foundations from scour has become an important issue for the design and maintenance of bridges located in erodible sediment beds. This paper focuses on the protective effect of one active countermeasure named an "anti-scour collar" on local scour around the commonly used cylindrical bridge pier. A cylindrical pier model was set up in a current flume. River sand with a median particle size of 0.324 mm was selected and used as the sediment in the basin. A live-bed scour experimental program was carried out to study the protective effect of an anti-scour collar by comparing the local scour at a cylindrical bridge pier model with and without collar. The effects of three design parameters including collar installation height, collar external diameter and collar protection range, on the scour depth and scour development were investigated parametrically. According to the experimental results, it can be concluded that: the application of an anti-scour collar alleviates the local scour at the pier effectively; and the protection effect decreases with an increase in the collar installation height, but increases with an increase in the collar external diameter and the protection range. Design suggestions for improving the scour protective effect of the anti-scour collar are summarized and of great practical guiding significance to the development of anti-scour collars for bridge piers.


Reports of osteomyelitis in the proximal humerus with pyogenic glenohumeral arthritis of adjacent joints mostly involve pediatric patients. Nowadays, osteomyelitis that is secondary to adjacent pyogenic glenohumeral arthritis is extremely rare, even more so in adults than in pediatrics. We report a rare case of the pyogenic glenohumeral arthritis followed by osteomyelitis of the proximal humerus in an elderly patient. Initially, we diagnosed a case of pyogenic glenohumeral arthritis only, which, despite arthroscopic synovectomy, did not resolve and severe pain continued. Subsequent radiological imaging, performed after our suspicion of a secondary involvement, allowed us to diagnose osteomyelitis combined with the pyogenic glenohumeral arthritis, which we had overlooked because of the extreme rarity of the condition in adults since the antibiotic era began.


How to provide cost effective, high performance spatial relation/spatial predicate implementation is one important issue for internet map server design. To avoid the disadvantages of computational geometry algorithm approach, it proposes one improved method, combined with the rendering engine, which can enhance the filter accuracy. This proposal can record coverage area of border grid cells accurately based on subpixel accuracy, so it can determine spatial relation through judging coverage area of the corresponding grid cells. As side effects, the rendering engine can preserve feature attribute information (polygon IDs etc.) in the cell structure which offers more useful hints for spatial relation judgment. The prototype adopting the above methods is presented and the related benchmark result details reveal the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposal.


Accurately locating sources with limited resources plays an important role in suppressing and even predicting the spread of harmful information. Due to the existence of the coupling between layers, compared with simplex networks, many studies have revealed that multiplex networks present many interesting phenomena. However, almost all the works involved in source(s) localization concentrate on simplex networks, while it is unclear how the coupling strength between layers of a multiplex network affects source(s) localization. Here we focus on a linear diffusion process and propose a general framework of multiple sources localization in multiplex networks with minimum measurements by combining the observability theory and compressed sensing theory. One surprise finding is that, for undirected two-layer networks with fully coupling between layers, the messengers placed at the same layer is sufficient to accurately locate all the sources. Different from simplex networks, the diffusion coefficients of linear diffusion process in multiplex networks can affect the minimum number of messengers. Simulation results from various network structures show that the minimum number of messengers is fewer when the coupling strength between layers is higher. Besides, we find the larger the network size the fewer measurements are required for sources localization. We further provide simulations from synthetic networks and one real network demonstrates our framework of sources localization is robust against small amount of data, noise and the coupling strength between layers.


Almost-blank subframe (ABSF) is a time-domain technique proposed by the 3GPP to handle Inter-Cell Interference (ICI) in heterogeneous network environments (HetNet). In [1] we introduced ABSF offsetting as a novel scheme to reduce the blanking rate at the femto-cells operating in a HetNet comprised of macro-cells and femto-cells. This reduction in the blanking rate significantly improves the throughput of the femto-cell layer and comes with no expense on the macro-cell layer. In this paper we propose a modification to the original 3GPP ABSF proposal that allows a system to virtually achieve an arbitrary blanking rate via offsetting and proper resource partitioning. Moreover, we also propose various schemes for offset assignment namely simple round-robin, a load balancing scheme based on stretched bin packing, and a hard clustering scheme based on classical set theory. The virtual arbitrary blanking rate for resource partitioning and the offsetting techniques are evaluated through simulation. The results show that the virtual arbitrary blanking significantly improves the performance of the macro-cell layer in the scenarios where most of the users fall in victim state compared with the standard 3GPP ABSF proposal. This improvement comes with minimal effects on the throughput of the femto-cell layer; thanks to ABSF offsetting. The results also show that the balanced offsetting and clustering-based offsetting achieves a higher fairness index between the macro-cell UEs both normal and victim.


The historical contexts of Iranian-Islamic cities have a high urban identity with their inherent physical and cultural value. The city of Yazd has a unique historical and architectural context. Identifying the architectural paintings of this city can acquaint us with the historical identity of this place. The current research while following a qualitative, descriptive, documentary and survey approach attempts to explore the living environment in the globalization of Yazd city and the Malekzadeh house by referring to the two approaches of "spatial perspective" (ontology) and "place meaning" (phenomenology) and explain and evaluate each section with the elements of identity that architecture conveys to a person. In fact, among the psychological needs, the researcher emphasized the two needs of "expression of existence" and "verification of existence" and strives to identify the criteria of Yazd's traditional houses in meeting these needs with the method of "theory arising from the context". The result shows that the influence that the identity-building elements of Iranian-Islamic architecture in the majority of traditional houses in historical contexts has on the globalization of the city of Yazd is in search of ontology and epistemology in the identity and culture of the city.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a control device and a control method for a display panel. The method comprises steps: temperature of a source-driven chip of the display panel is detected, and according to the temperature, a notification signal is generated; temperature indicated by the notification signal is acquired, and if the temperature exceeds a preset temperature range threshold, a control signal is generated according to the temperature; and according to the control signal, a polarity reversing mode of the display panel is switched. Through adjusting the polarity reversing mode, power consumption of the display panel is adjusted, the display panel can work under proper power consumption, the source-driven chip can be ensured to be in a normal working temperature range, normal operation of the display panel is ensured, and fault happening is reduced.


Lower bounds are derived for the asymptotic variances of regular distribution-free (or semiparametric) estimators of the parameters of the binary-choice model and the censored-regression (Tobit) model. A semiparametric estimator is one that does not require any assumption about the distribution of the stochastic error term in the model, apart from regularity conditions. Comparison of the bounds with the corresponding asymptotic Cramer-Rao bounds for the classical parametric problem shows the loss of information due to lack of a priori knowledge of the functional form of the error distribution. Copyright 1987 by The Econometric Society.


Impact of narrow and broadband RFI noise on LTE performance is quantitatively characterized. Both narrow and broadband RFI noise starts to decrease throughput at the level of −101 dBm/100kHz. However, broadband noise causes throughput degradation at higher rate of 1.7 Mbps/dB than 1.1 Mbps/dB of narrowband noise. This study provides understanding of RFI noise characteristics and quantitative RFI impact on LTE performance. It can also provide good insights for designers to design reliable mobile platform and radio communication.


)amino]2,2,6,6tetramethylpiperidin1oxyls were synthesized. The reactivity of the aminonitroxide complexes towardDNA, the destabilizing effect of the adducts on DNA structure, and the distribution of the Ptadducts along the DNA duplex were studied. The platination activity of the complexes isaffected by the natures of both the leaving ligands X and the carrying amino ligands. Thedecrease in the platination activity of the complexes with an increase in the amino ligandsizes is probably caused by steric hindrance. The complexes that effectively platinate isolatedDNA and cause a moderate destabilizition of DNA duplex possess high antitumor activities.


We consider an electron in a multilevel atom, interacting with radiation and discuss some aspects of the derivation of the kinetic equation, up to order λ4.
 The analogy with the problem of cubic interaction between phonons in anharmonic solids is stressed ; a detailed discussion shows how the results obtained in the latter case can be used in the present problem.
 The two photon scattering operator, the λ2 frequency and vertex renormalizations are then computed.


Cross‐cutting relationships and the incision history for multiple outflow channels have been mapped and studied to establish their relative chronology in Grjótá Valles, Mars, in order to establish whether observed geomorphic channels were formed in a single event or multiple events. The relative chronology can be established by mapping cross‐cutting relationships between channel margins and successive incisions, where later channels incise downward into older channels. We show that the source areas of five distinct channels can be established, with younger channels progressively sourced further to the east along the Grjótá Valles fault system, and incising downwards into older channels. The channels resemble examples interpreted elsewhere as cut using catastrophic aqueous flow processes (diluvial) due to their regional morphology, the presence of streamlined islands surrounded by anabranching channels marked by incisions, recessional terraces and longitudinal erosional grooves; however, turbulent lava flows may have also been involved. Those five distinct flows occur progressively further to the east may indicate the progressive propagation from west to east of the processes at depth that released the fluid responsible for cutting the channels, such as dike propagation and associated seismicity. Our observation of multiple flows and channel formation episodes implies instantaneous volumes of fluid that are smaller than that for a single flow interpretation.


Previously neglected properties of the structural gravity model offer a theoretically consistent and operational method to estimate trade costs and their incidence, disaggregated by commodity and region, and then aggregated into forms useful for economic geography. We focus on the incidence of geography in Canada's provinces, 1992-2003. Incidence falls on average some ve times more on sellers than on buyers.


Stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kuhn 1857) is an important constraint of onion. The application of chemical controlmethodologies due to the environmental and economical concerns is restricted and needed to develop new control strategies to keep thenematode population under damage threshold. Considering the effects on plant development and soil biodiversity, it is aimed to investigatecontrol option for the stem and bulb nematode using different fertilizer combinations. The D. dipsaci susceptible onion variety Beyaz Bilek wasplanted onto fresh field soil in 3x13 cm plastic tubes as one plant per tube being 8 replications for each fertilizer application and the negativecontrol. Fertilizer applications were 5 fertilizer applications of organic, synthetic, worm fertilizer and humic acid and sea algae. Fertilizers wereapplied 4 times with 2 weeks intervals starting in sowing. Ditylenchus dipsaci was inoculated to all plants as 200 nematodes per plant after 4weeks planting. Plants were harvested 4 weeks later nematode inoculation. At harvest time, the most frequent soil nematodes were Cephalobusand Eucephalobus genera. Humic acit, vorm fertilizer and synthetic fertilizer increased the plant development significantly. Stem and bulbnematode population significantly decreased in fertilizer applications, the most lower one were organic fertilizer and humic acid application.


Editor—The term paternalism does not appear in the case descriptions by Benatar and Hudson, but it factors heavily in their discussion.1 The relative risks and merits of the proposed procedures are discussed from their viewpoint; the patient's (or parent's) insight is totally lacking. The fact that informed consent is not a perfect process is an unacceptable excuse for their decision to ignore the process. Such logic would suggest that we abandon informed consent altogether until it is perfected.

Every surgical procedure has associated risks and benefits; we should quantify them to the greatest degree possible and then work with our patients to match their beliefs and preferences with those risks and benefits.

The authors assume that they understand the risks and benefits of such a procedure with far more certainty than is justified. For example, they conclude that amputation among children poses less disadvantage than amputation later in life and that loss of the graft later in life would be more difficult than the original loss. Both of these conclusions are unsupported and, at best, debatable. Exactly how certain are the authors that a child with no hands or feet can expect normal longevity, and how dramatic is the reduction in quality of life associated with such a loss? A certain loss in quality of life must indeed be weighed against an uncertain risk of lost longevity, but such trade offs are best judged by informed patients and parents, hopefully with our guidance and support.

Finally, the authors suggest that the second patient's difficult social circumstances affect her suitability for transplantation. But a young girl with only an outside toilet would seem to have an extraordinary need for limb function—much greater than a child in advantaged circumstances with access to assistive devices.


PURPOSE: To solve a problem that a thin line with fluctuating color appears in the center part of a screen, and the picture quality is deteriorated due to a fact that an interval between the respective interference fringes of two dichroic mirrors arranged on the same plane, in a liquid crystal projector for synthesizing light of red, green and blue by using cross dichroic mirrors, and projecting an image on the screen through a projection lens. CONSTITUTION: By arranging two dichroic mirrors 15, 16 in an L shape, and arranging a rectangular prism 30, the respective interference fringes formed in two sides of the prism, and the respective corresponding interference fringes of two dichroic mirrors can be arranged on the same plane at a negligible interval. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


This paper presents a new scheme of strain-constructed point interpolation method (SC-PIM) for static, free and forced vibration analysis of solids and structures using triangular cells. In the present scheme, displacement fields are assumed using shape functions created via the point interpolation method (PIM), which possess the Kronecker delta property facilitating the straightforward enforcement of displacement boundary conditions. Using the generalized gradient smoothing technique, the "smoothed" strains at the middle points of the cells edges are first obtained using the corresponding edge-based smoothing domains and the assumed displacement field. In each triangular background cell, the strains at the vertices are assigned using these smoothed strains in a proper manner, and then piecewisely linear strain fields are constructed by the linear interpolation for each sub-triangular cell using the edge-based "smoothed" strains. With the assumed displacements and constructed linear strain fields, the discretized system equations are created using the Strain Constructed Galerkin (SC-Galerkin) weak form. A number of benchmark numerical examples, including the standard patch test, static, free and forced vibration problems, have been studied and intensive numerical results have demonstrated that the present method possesses the following properties: (1) it works well with the simplest triangular mesh, no additional degrees of freedom and parameters are introduced and very easy to implement; (2) it is at least linearly conforming; (3) it possesses a close-to-exact stiffness: it is much stiffer than the "overly-soft" node-based smoothed point interpolation method (NS-PIM) and much softer than the "overly-stiff" FEM model; (4) the results of the present method are of superconvergence and ultra-accuracy: about one order of magnitude more accurate than those of the linear FEM; (5) there are no spurious non-zeros energy modes found and it is also temporally stable, hence the present method works well for dynamic problems.


In our recent works, we proposed and studied a theory of turbulence in gases, which states that turbulent motions are created in an inertial flow via the mean field effect of the intermolecular potential. In the present work, we study the effect of viscosity on the turbulent motions which emerge in our model. We numerically simulate the inertial air flow at normal conditions in a straight pipe for different values of the Reynolds number, and discover that the transition between the laminar and turbulent flow occurs for the values of the Reynolds number between 2000 and 4000, which is consistent with experiments. We also observe that, as the flow becomes turbulent, the time-averaged Fourier spectrum of the kinetic energy approaches Kolmogorov's inverse five-thirds decay rate.


With the gradual deepening of the "Internet +" trend and the rise of artificial intelligence to the national strategy, it has become an inevitable trend to use new Internet and computer software and hardware technologies to serve music communication and music education. In the entire system of intelligent piano teaching, it mainly includes hardware construction methods, software design methods, music presentation forms, teaching methods, etc. Based on the existing technology and theories, different methods have different characteristics in the entire teaching. This article elaborates on the demand analysis, design, implementation and testing of the piano assistant practice system. This system can provide more convenience and better teaching effect for traditional piano teaching, provide a piano learning auxiliary tool for students, and provide a tool for teachers to supervise and manage students' piano learning.


Abstract The inequality is shown to hold when the joint distribution of U 1 and U 2 is a member of a class of bivariate Chi-Square distributions given. The relevance of this result to the construction of two-sided simultaneous confidence intervals for variances is noted.


have, from the standpoint of constitutional anthropology, made a detailed survey of 620 male adults in the vicinity of the present Soja City. This was the central region of the Bichu district, being the cradle of the ancient Kibi civilization. The populace was pretty well settled, and the descendants of the ancient Kibi lineage have flourished there for generations. The study was conducted over a period of 5 months from May to October of 1956 in 34 communities, covering in detail of 26 items. As a result of constitutional investigations we have reached the following conclusions.Judging from the measurement results of the most valuable features in constitutional anthropology, the people of the Bichu district have been found to bear a close resemblance to the Yamato and Izumo peoples who in prehistoric times have migrated from the Asian Mainland bringing over with them a highly developed civilization. It is of special interest to note the relation between the Bichu, Izumo, and Yamato peoples; for the Bichu peoples who are descendants of the Kibi lineage, considered to be a branch of the Yamato Imperial family, show a stronger affinity to the Izumo peoples with whom they have probably held communication over the Chugoku mountains, rather than to the aforesaid Yamato peoples.


The organic fraction resulting from the separate collection of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is an abundant residue exploitable for biofuel production. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the most attractive technologies for the treatment of organic wastes thanks to the generation of biogas with a high methane content. However, because of its complex composition, the direct digestion of OFMSW can be less effective. To overcome these difficulties, many pretreatments are under development. In this work, the efficacy of alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) oxidation was assessed for the first time as a pretreatment of OFMSW to enhance its anaerobic biodegradability. In this regard, many AHP batch tests were executed at pH 9 and by changing the peroxide dosages up to 1 gH2O2/gCOD, under room temperature and pressure conditions. Afterwards, biomethane potential tests (BMP) were conducted to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion both on raw and pretreated OFMSW. The pretreatment tests demonstrated that AHP induces only a weak reduction in the organic load, reaching a maximum COD removal of about 28%. On the other hand, notable productions of volatile fatty acids (VFA) were found. In fact, by applying a peroxide dose of just 0.025 gH2O2/gCOD, there was a doubling in VFA concentration, which increased by five times with the highest H2O2 amount. These results indicate that AHP mainly causes the conversion of complex organic substrates into easily degradable compounds. This conversion made it possible to achieve much better performance during the BMP tests conducted with the pretreated waste compared to that carried out on fresh OFMSW. Indeed, a low methane production of just 37.06 mLCH4/gTS was detected on raw OFMSW. The cumulated CH4 production in the pretreated samples increased in response to the increase in H2O2 dosage applied during AHP. Maximum specific productions of about 463.7 mLCH4/gTS and 0.31 LCH4/gCODremoved were calculated on mixtures subjected to AHP. On these samples, the satisfactory evolution of AD was confirmed by the process parameters calculated by modeling the cumulated CH4 curves through a new proposed formulation of the Gompertz equation.


Through taphonomical analyses of Crassostrea shell beds included in several Japanese Cretaceous strata, paleoecological and sedimentological significance of intertidal muddy and sandy bottom dwelling oysters are examined. The Upper Cretaceous Crassostrea shell beds show a variety of modes of occurrence, lithological changes and sedimentary structure, suggesting composite formative, paleoecological and sedimentary processes. Crassostrea seems to have adapted from muddy substratum during early Cretaceous to coarser sandier substratum often influenced by physical turbulence such as tidal currents and waves during the mid-Cretaceous time, associated with increasing in shell size and thickness, and colony dimension.


Background: CLL patients frequently suffer relapse after an initially successful chemotherapy. This distinct resistance towards chemotherapy is thought to be caused by microenvironmental stimulation. Within the tumor microenvironment (TME) cells are not only stimulated by well-known external stimuli like CD40 ligand (CD40L) or activation of the B cell receptor (BCR), but are also exposed to hypoxia, which was found in the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue. Despite the known importance of hypoxia in solid tumors, its impact on survival and treatment response in CLL is still poorly understood. Methods: We have established a novel in vitro model for the CLL microenvironment, which considers both the external stimulation by CD40L and the hypoxic oxygen levels (1% O2). Treatment efficacy of different drugs in normoxia (21% O2) and hypoxia were determined by AnnexinV/7-AAD staining and subsequent FACS analysis. The underlying molecular mechanisms were analyzed via qRT-PCR and immunoblot. Furthermore B-cell lines Raji, Ramos and Mec-1 were continuously exposed to increasing concentrations of fludarabine or the BH3 mimetic ABT-737. After establishment of resistance the molecular adaptation was assessed and correlated to the changes induced by hypoxia. Results: Hypoxia is known to protect solid cancers from chemotherapy. In our model we made similar observations for CLL, since sensitivity to the classical DNA-targeting drugs fludarabine and bendamustine was reduced under hypoxic conditions. Interestingly, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib did not benefit from hypoxia either. However, this resistance was overcome by the mitochondria-targeting BH3 mimetics ABT-199 and ABT-737, whose effect was pronounced under hypoxia. We reveal that this effect was caused by an uncoupling of major signaling pathways. Under hypoxic conditions the activity of Akt, ERK1/2 and NFκB was reduced, while p38 MAPK became hyperphosphorylated. Phospho-p38 (pp38) downregulated Mcl-1 levels, which are the main regulator of sensitivity towards BH3 mimetics. Despite the known heterogeneity in between CLL patients this effect was found in most samples analyzed. The functional importance was underlined by the observation that pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK could reconstitute Mcl-1 levels and thereby resistance in hypoxia. The relevance of the pp38-Mcl-1 axis for ABT efficacy was emphasized by findings in B-cell lines with acquired resistance. Each ABT-resistant clone of the three tested cell lines induced p38 activity and decreased Mcl-1 levels. In contrast, in the fludarabine-resistant clones the pp38-Mcl-1 axis was not altered. Conclusion: These are the first experiments providing evidence that hypoxia has a crucial impact on survival and response to chemotherapy in CLL. We show that hypoxia renders CLL cells resistant to classical DNA-targeting agents, while the small molecules ABT-199 and ABT-737, which specifically target mitochondria, efficiently eradicate CLL cells within the microenvironment. Furthermore, we identified the pp38-Mcl-1 axis to be a major determinant of sensitivity to these BH3 mimetics, which warrants further evaluation of p38 as a novel biomarker for prediction of sensitivity to BH3 mimetics. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


A manufacturing company is planning to start production of two products and wants to evaluate what will be the returns for both debt and equity investors in the company based on management estimates of revenue, costs, capex and other financial line items. They have chosen an analyst Mr. Adesh to perform the feasibility analysis and give his recommendations.


ABSTRACT: The objective of the present article is to provide an introduction to the mostwidely used method of imaging the functional neuroanatomy of the human brain. Theinferential relationship between neural activation and a magnetic resonance signal changeis described in detail. The contrast between an active state and a baseline depends on anincreased ratio of oxyhemoglobin to deoxyhemoglobin, a longer transverse relaxation time( T * 2 ), decreased levels of paramagnetically induced dephasing, and a consequently strongersignal in the active state. Issues pertaining to image interpretation, spatial and temporalresolution, and image stability are described. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts MagnReson Part A 16A: 5–15, 2003 KEY WORDS: functional magnetic resonance imaging; blood oxygenation level depen-dent; brain; brain imaging INTRODUCTION Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is atechnique that allows inferences to be made about theincreases and decreases in brain activity that occur asa response to the presentation of a stimulus or theperformance of a task. In the most frequently usedform of fMRI, the brain's responses to stimulation ortask performance are inferred from the effects of localhemodynamic changes that influence microvascularoxygenation and, thus, measurable levels of MR sig-nal strength. This method necessarily examines theoxygenation changes in venous blood because arterialblood is essentially completely oxygenated. The rela-tionship between the blood oxygenation level andsignal strength gives this form of functional imagingits name: blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD)fMRI. The changes in MR signal strength that areReceived 19 September 2002; accepted 1 October2002


12 Previous studies of hydrous glasses and melts with infrared spectroscopy have led to the 13 conclusion that the IR combination peaks near 4500 and 5200 cm reflect the existence of 14 OH (hydroxyl) groups and H2Omol water molecules in those materials. Here, we show that the 15 glass chemical composition can impact profoundly the intensities and frequencies of the 16 fundamental O-H stretching signal and, therefore, potentially those of the 4500 and 5200 cm 17 combination peaks. In alkali silicate glasses, compositional effects can give rise to peaks 18 assigned to fundamental O-H stretching at frequencies as low as 2300 cm. This expanded 19 range of Raman intensity assigned to O-H stretch is increasingly important as the ionic radius 20 of the alkali metal increases. As a result, the combination of the fundamental O-H stretch in 21 OH groups with the Si-O-H stretch located near 910 cm gives rise to a complex 22 combination signal that can extend to frequencies much lower than 4200 cm. This 23 combination signal then becomes unresolvable from the high-frequency limb of the band 24 assigned to fundamental O-H stretch vibration in the infrared spectra. It follows that, when O25 H stretch signals from OH groups extend to below 3000 cm, the 4500 cm peak does not 26 represent the total OH signal. Under such circumstances, this infrared peak may not be a 27 good proxy for determining the concentration of OH hydroxyl groups for glassy silicate 28 materials. 29 30


ABSTRACT The southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), and other related species have become pests in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., after successful eradication efforts for the boll weevil. In Central Texas, little is known regarding the ecology of N. viridula. The reproductive status of N. viridula adults can be used to estimate population density and overwintering survival, but previous studies failed to provide clear visualizations for the developmental stages of the reproductive systems. This study was undertaken to provide improved visualizations of the developmental stages of the reproductive systems. Results will be critical in the accurate assessment of population reproductive status, estimation of population densities, and overwintering survival. Additionally, images presented here may be applicable to other stink bug species that infest row and fruit crops.


Ultrasound is the first-line modality for the assessment of the patients with gynecological conditions and infertility. Doppler plays a very important role in the evaluation of these patients for a differential diagnosis of pathologies in patients with gynecological complaints as well as for understanding the changes occurring during the menstrual cycle and modifying the fertility treatment accordingly. However, this requires an optimum image quality, which can be achieved only by an adequate understanding of the various knobs and settings of the B mode and Doppler on the scanner. This article discusses these settings in a purely practical perspective.


Summary
1.
From the experimental work with A. p. punctulatus it appears that this species of mosquito is a vector of filariasis in this area.
2.
The first generation of mosquitoes reared in the laboratory is probably much more hardy than later generations and is less liable to show a high rate of mortality.
3.
It is quite practical to make photomicrographs without all of the attachments generally considered necessary for this type of work. Such equipment is expensive and unavailable in most areas and may be improvised.
4.
It is believed that this is the first time that the complete larval development of W. bancrofti in a mosquito host has been photographed at a magnification which demonstrated structural detail and that this system of "micro-mapping" might be used more often under similar circumstances.


ABSTRACT. In this study of the effects of death of a child from malignancy on the immediate family, it was found that 62 of 93 families wished to participate and that, in 50%, there was evidence of family dysfunction. Factors that appeared to be associated with dysfunciton included older parental age, lower educational achievement, previous social and psychological disturbances, poor family communication and lack of support from within the family by one or other of the parents. In 45% of the families, one or other sibling showed an abnormality of behaviour which was usually transient. The deceased children in the study had not been informed of their imminent death. In those families in which the parents perceived that their child knew that he was dying, there was a significantly higher incidence of family disturbance. In the absence of prospective clinical trials on the effects on the child and the family of informing the child that he was dying, it is not possible to draw conclusions on the above finding.


Pamphlet front cover shows a map of New Zealand, with a man and a woman in circles, each talking on a telephone. The logo of the New Zealand Post Office (designed by Earl Hingston in 1975) is at lower right.
Quantity: 1 colour photo-mechanical print(s).
Physical Description: Photolithograph on front panel of pamphlet, 210 x 99 mm.


Data visualization made of multiple visualization techniques, e.g., dashboards and small multiples, is taking the scene as data, AI algorithms and their analysis are becoming more complex and articulated. However, still too little is said about what are the core dimensions of these interactions that may contribute to characterize visualization techniques orchestration in scenarios where humans and AI work together and communicate through visual languages, and what is the differential in complexity with respect to single charts interaction. Depending on such dimensions, their level, and their combination, interaction may require a cognitively growing effort. The present study aims at giving a unified view of complex visual frameworks in order to identify the invariants of visualization techniques characterization, and proposes a group of necessary and sufficient dimensions emerging when visualization techniques are the focus of the design and may be the focus of interaction between humans and AI. The paper identifies and discusses these dimensions, starting from the literature, and giving a characterization of each of them in terms of constituent levels. The framework may be applied to analysis of a range of data visualization tools and approaches, towards their concrete application to a distributed visual cognition framework where humans-AI interactions will take place.


Thyroid surgeries can often lead to operative complications, sometimes with consequences on the patient's health. This often leads to claims for compensation but the assessments of consultants and judges are not always objective. Based on these considerations, the authors analyzed forty-seven sentences issued between 2013 and 2022 regarding claims of alleged medical malpractice. This analysis aims to examine the cases presented in the sentences and the evaluations proposed by the judges to offer ideas for objective evaluation by the legislation in force in Italy.


The paper presents and discusses a prototype for the tracking and visualization of mobile user experience using the example of emergency management and response. The tracking prototype consists of GPS-devices and mini video cameras. The approach is based on time-geographic methods of visualization. It represents user interactions, mobile communication and media use in its locative and temporal dimensions. Using a spatiotemporal approach to mobile communities allows insights about the structure of mobile interactions, mobile communities and mobile user contexts.


Researchers investigated the effects of a school based educational programme aimed at reducing the consumption of carbonated drinks to prevent weight gain in children aged 7-11 years. A cluster randomised controlled trial study design was used. The programme, which was delivered over one school year, focused on promoting a healthy diet. The control group received no intervention. Six primary schools in southwest England were recruited and 29 classes were involved in the trial. Classes were randomised to treatment, with 15 classes allocated to the educational programme (325 children) and 14 to the control treatment (319 children).1

The outcome measures included consumption of carbonated drinks. Each child recorded the number of glasses (average size 250 mL) that he or she drank over a three day period at baseline and at the end of the trial, and the change from baseline was obtained. For each class (the cluster), the average change in consumption of carbonated drinks across all children was derived. The treatment groups were compared with regard to the average change within clusters. Over one school year, the consumption of carbonated drinks decreased by a mean of …


Under the framework of the project Anomalous Long Term Effects in Astronauts, an experiment to study the risk for functional brain anomalies due to cosmic radiation during long manned missions, a new gel-type polymer electrolyte membrane for recording bioelectric signals in space has been developed. Ionic conducting gels have been formed by immobilizing liquid solutions, containing LiX salts (X 5 ClO4 ,C F 3SO3) dissolved in 1,2-diethoxyethane ~gly!, using poly~methyl methacrylate !~ PMMA! as the polymeric matrix. The electrical properties of these membranes have been studied using impedance spectroscopy. The membranes exhibit good mechanical and chemical stability and high conductivity at room temperature (10 23 to 10


INTRODUCTION Knowledge management (KM) involves collecting, organizing, and distributing knowledge that is accumulated over a period of time for the purposes of improving and increasing a company's competitive edge. This knowledge is more than mere facts and data. It is information and experience collected and applied to achieve the overall goals of a company. Surveys by IT research firms reveal the popularity of KM. For example, a survey of 500 professionals by the Delphi Group revealed that more than 50 percent of the respondents have begun implementing KM, and more than 80 percent saw it as a major contribution to their companies.1 Dataquest Inc. estimates that KM will grow from a $2.7 billion market in 1997 to a $5 billion one in the year 2000.2 Several advantages have been attributed to KM, and include:


Leaf vein features play an important role in botanical studies. It is also a significant and challenging task in the field of computer vision. This paper proposes a new method of leaf vein extraction and angle measurement. The angle is between the primary vein and the secondary vein. We focus on the leaves whose leaf veins are straight. The algorithm's procedure is as follows: first, through contour extraction we segment foreground and background, get clean images of leaves. Second, change the color space from RGB to HSI, separate the hue component and enhance it. Third, get adaptive thresholds for canny detection based on Otsu algorithm. Then using canny edge detection and Hough transform to detect lines, most of them are leaf veins. We need to select the right lines. And finally we can get the angles between the primary vein and the secondary veins through these lines. Experiments have been conducted with a lot of leaf images. Experimental results show that this method can be used to extract leaf veins and measure angles, even when leaf veins are a little blurry.


We present Clinical Camel, an open large language model (LLM) explicitly tailored for clinical research. Fine-tuned from LLaMA-2 using QLoRA, Clinical Camel achieves state-of-the-art performance across medical benchmarks among openly available medical LLMs. Leveraging efficient single-GPU training, Clinical Camel surpasses GPT-3.5 in five-shot evaluations on all assessed benchmarks, including 64.3% on the USMLE Sample Exam (compared to 58.5% for GPT-3.5), 77.9% on PubMedQA (compared to 60.2%), 60.7% on MedQA (compared to 53.6%), and 54.2% on MedMCQA (compared to 51.0%). In addition to these benchmarks, Clinical Camel demonstrates its broader capabilities, such as synthesizing plausible clinical notes. This work introduces dialogue-based knowledge encoding, a novel method to synthesize conversational data from dense medical texts. While benchmark results are encouraging, extensive and rigorous human evaluation across diverse clinical scenarios is imperative to ascertain safety before implementation. By openly sharing Clinical Camel, we hope to foster transparent and collaborative research, working towards the safe integration of LLMs within the healthcare domain. Significant challenges concerning reliability, bias, and the potential for outdated knowledge persist. Nonetheless, the transparency provided by an open approach reinforces the scientific rigor essential for future clinical applications.


This paper investigates the modal properties of car panels using finite element approach. The Finite Element models of the vehicle parts have been developed using the finite element of the fully car assembly model information and adapting it to our requirement. The modal analysis was performed to the natural frequencies and mode shapes. It is a requirement for any dynamical analysis or acoustical analysis that we should know the dynamic characteristics of the components. In this work, we clarified the methodology to carry out this characterization.


A new method of modelling task execution time and its relationship to resource utilization has been developed in this study in order to simulate accurately pilot performance in a single-seat fighter aircraft. By developing the model in a rule-based expert system program, it is suitable for incorporation in an intelligent decision support system to help manage pilot workload and improve total man-machine system performance. This model can also be employed in the design of new aircraft crewstations to analyse new man-machine system interfaces. Validation of the model was accomplished through comparison of critical predicted measures of merit against observed pilot performance in a manned flight simulator.


This thesis proposes a robust controller introducing the H control theory, one of the robust control theories that can obtain desired control performance while ensuring robustness for the uncertainty and disturbance contained in the power system. The performance of the designed controller is examined by extensive non-linear time domain simulation. Results show that the proposed H controller is superior to that of the conventional controller.


The nature of earth mounds and their function over time in northern Australia is of ongoing academic debate. Here we present how the integration of ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and magnetic data, after being adjusted for surface elevation changes, was used to analyse the interior features and objects within six earth mounds in Mapoon, western Cape York, Australia. These geophysical techniques were merged and interpreted jointly to produce images of the stratigraphic units and objects within the mounds to determine their extent and composition. It was found that some mounds were built over burned areas that contain large objects on the original ground surface. Those modified areas were then converted into substantial earth mounds, which reach a maximum height of about 4 m. Other mounds nearby show no evidence of pre‐construction burning. In one mound cluster the western three mounds contain human burials that were visualized using GPR profile interpretation. The nearby eastern three mounds were devoid of human burials, but contained many of the pre‐mound burned features seen in those just a few hundred metres to the west. The close proximity of these six mounds, with very different associated features and internal objects suggests that they are related in some way, but differed in their function. It is also possible that they were constructed at different times by different people. The data analysis techniques presented in this article assists with further opportunities to undertake non‐destructive investigations of these earth mounds that are culturally appropriate to living Aboriginal people. They will also help to resolve the function and possible importance of these constructed features over time.


Web-toon is provided to users in the form of Web-toon and The users are steadily rising and increasing amount of using time until today. Web-toon has become a popular pastime among smartphone users. Therefore, when providing services, Web-toon application should be made with an appropriate system so that it can be easily used, and considering problems that users may have while using the application, it should help users have better experiences. With Naver Web-toon and Lezin Comics as subjects, user experiences of teenagers were analyzed with questionnaires based on Honeycomb model of Peter Morville. The score of Naver Web-toon was higher than Lezin Comics after user experience assesment, and usability and accessibility as important factors turned out to be influential to teen-aged users who use Web-toon services.


This study explores how middle-aged homeless persons in Atlanta, GA, who have harmful, selfidentified addictive behaviors come to make positive material and psychological changes, while constrained by urban poverty and structural violence. This study is divided into two parts. In part one, I examine the interaction between individual, social, and material factors that promote recovery from addiction in a poor, urban context. I argue that recovery occurs through a process, initiated by a decision and realized through practice. Recovery is enhanced by a stable community and consistent material access. In part two, I examine how pain associated with homelessness can create a strong drive to intensify substance usage as a means to seek relief. I then describe how alienation, pain and corresponding addictive behaviors among homeless persons can be lessened through intentioned, empowering acts, which I call "symbolic love". Finally, I offer policy recommendations based on my findings. INDEX WORDS: Addiction, Homelessness, Recovery, Alienation, Symbolic Violence, Love "WHERE THERE IS NO LOVE, PUT LOVE": HOMELESS ADDICTION RECOVERY PERSPECTIVES AND WAYS TO ENHANCE HEALING