The invention discloses a visible light local area network duplex communication method and relates to the technical field of visible light communication. In the method, up transmission of data is performed when an access point is turned off; a terminal sends a request frame to the access point at first and sends a data frame after receiving a response frame of the access point; and down transmission of the data is performed when the access point is turned on; and the data to be sent is modulated on light of the access point and broadcast. By the visible light local area network duplex communication method, an uplink and a downlink of a visible light local area network can work in a visible light wave band and two different technologies in the uplink and the downlink can be avoided, so the technical complexity of the local area network is reduced. In the uplink, a carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol is adopted, so multiple access of the point is realized; and a requesting-authorizing mechanism can be used for distributing an up bandwidth, so hidden stations during wireless communication can be avoided.


Angiotensin II (Ang II) exerts a number of central actions on fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, autonomic activity, and neuroendocrine regulation. In order to evaluate likely sites where these actions are mediated, Ang II receptor binding was localized in rat brain by in vitro autoradiography with the aid of the antagonist analogue l25I‐[Sar1, Ile8]Ang II. Two subtypes of Ang II receptor have been identified using recently developed peptide and nonpeptide antagonists. In the periphery, the receptor subtypes differ in distribution, second messenger coupling, and function. Brain Ang II receptor subtypes were therefore differentiated into AT‐1 (type I) and AT‐2 (type II) subtypes by using unlabelled nonpeptide antagonists specific for the two Ang II subtypes.


As a preliminary to developing criteria to meet quality control requirements of the National Literacy Act of 1991, a study examined federal and state development of measures of program quality and performance standards for programs funded under the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA), the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act, the Food Stamp Employment and Training Program (FSETP), and the Job Opportunities and Basic Skills (JOBS) program of the Family Support Act. The study found that JTPA implemented performance standards for employment and training programs at the inception of the program that measured cost per entered employment, entered employment rate, and average wage at placement. Reacting to criticism that these standards forced programs to neglect services to the hard-to-place, JTPA created new standards in 1990 stressing job retention. The Perkins Act reauthorization of 1990 requires states to develop performance standards that measure learning gains, competency or job skill attainment, placement into employment or other training programs, and retention in or completion of secondary school or its equivalent; about half the states are having considerable difficulty developing such standards. FSETP and JOBS programs are required to implement performance standards, but they have not yet been developed. Based on the experience of these other programs with performance indicators, the following lessons appear most relevant to adult education: (1) establish appropriate indicators and standards; (2) allow state and local flexibility; (3) develop management information systems; (4) provide states with technical assistance; and (5) take steps to avoid unintended effects of indicators. (11 references) (KC) QUALITY INDICATORS FOR ADULT EDUCATION PROGRAMS: LESSONS LEARNED FROM OTHER PROGRAMS Larry Condelli Mark Kutner


Harmful cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic water bodies pose a major threat to the environment and to human health. The morphological functional traits of cyanobacteria play important roles in maintaining their competitive advantages. To explore the regulatory mechanisms of the morphological functional traits of different bloom-forming cyanobacteria, we performed a one-year-long phytoplankton survey from November 2016 to October 2017 in Lake Chaohu, China. The colony size and cell diameter of the dominant cyanobacteria were measured, and their relationships were analyzed. The results showed that Dolichospermum flos-aquae and Microcystis aeruginosa were the dominant cyanobacteria in the lake. Microcystis was the dominant species during the summer; the growth of Dolichospermum growth surpassed that of Microcystis, and Dolichospermum became the dominant species in the late autumn, winter and spring. From winter to spring, the colony size of Dolichospermum decreased from 222.25 μm to 10.51 μm, and the individual cell diameter increased from 6.5 μm to 7.4 μm. From summer to autumn, Dolichospermum showed enlarged colony sizes and reduced cell diameters. The Microcystis colony size increased from 83.71 μm in the spring to 196.71 μm in the summer and autumn, while cells diameter remained essentially at 3–4 μm from March to October in Lake Chaohu. The relationship between colony size and cell diameter in Dolichospermum was significantly positive, while that of Microcystis was not significant. These results suggest that Dolichospermum may maintain biomass through a trade-off between cell diameter and colony size, and that a flexible morphological regulatory mechanism exists. This study seeks to improve our understanding of how bloom-forming cyanobacteria maintain their dominance by regulating their morphological traits.


A method is established for the determination of rare earth impurity elements i.e.Sm,Du,Gd and Dy in uranium dioxide micro balls by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.After the sample was dissolved by hydrochloric acid and nitric acid,the sampling solution was introduced to anion-exchange resin to separate Sm,Eu,Gd and Dy from UO2.Subsequently,ultrasonic nebulizer sampling was applied for the analysis of target materials by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.The corresponding tests of every factor affecting the measurement were performed in detail,and then the optimal analysis conditions were acquired.The average recovery of method is 90% to 102%,and the relative standard deviation is less than 2.1%,based on the determination of standard solution and addition.The method is ideally suited for the application of determination of Sm,Eu,Gd and Dy in UO2 sample.


An analytic study of two nonlinear variants of the (2+1)-dimensional Camassa-Holm-KP equation is presented in this paper. The (G'/G)-expansion method is employed to obtain exact travelling wave solutions of the equations. The solutions gained from the proposed method have been verified with those obtained by the sine-cosine method and the tanh method. More importantly, other new and more general solutions are, likewise, found for these equations which are of great practical importance in physical and engineering problems.


This article introduces an optimization problem to define an exo-atmospheric launch ascent trajectory. The thrust orientation is discretized converting the optimal two-point boundary value problem into a direct optimization method. The proposed criterion complexifies the classical minimization of fuel consumption by adding three terms. The first is an input smoothing term to limit drastic changes between two consecutive steps. The second added term, coming from an analytical solution of a simplified formulation of the two-point boundary value problem, helps the convergence of the optimization. The third term, the slack variables, relaxes the optimization problem by implementing soft constraints. The equations of motion for the prediction of the final orbit are the pseudo-five degrees of freedom equations. This model results from the addition of the closed control loop dynamics to the equations of translation. The defined optimization problem is solved using a classic optimization algorithm and proved to b...


This paper describes the vibration mode analysis which uses double pulse laser holography for obtaining a lower level of noise emission from an automotive diesel engine. The vibration pattern obtained by holography is useful in understanding vibration phenomena on a wide area of engine surface. The pattern is t generated as a series of interference fringes joining points vibrating with equal amplitudes. The vibration mode shapes of the engine components can be measured while the engine is running, using double pulse laser holography and the development of this technique is described in this paper together with its application to engines installed in heavy duty vehicles. The dynamic deformation of the cylinder blocks during firing was explained by this technique. For the covering abstract of the conference see TRIS 451834. (TRRL)


Nowadays many research centers around the entire world have been concentrating their efforts to discover what is the more convenient digital transmission system that can substitute appropriately that conventional analog one, which for many years were used and reached a very sophisticate technology. In front of this very important demanded question, a great number of telecommunication companies have been acquiring a large experience to modeling, implementing and testing efficient transmission equipments. Besides of the technological background demanded in the implementation of actual modern electronic architectures, it takes an important hole to adopt an appropriate way for the modeling. The main purpose of this paper is to present an accurate way to generate a class of important digital signals, like the SSB, VSB 8-VSB by using the Weaver method as the fundamental theoretical tool.


We study the magneto-hydrodynamic tearing instability occurring in a double current sheet configuration when a guide field is present. This is investigated by means of resistive relativistic magneto-hydrodynamic (RRMHD) simulations. Following the dynamics of the double tearing mode (DTM), we are able to compute synthetic synchrotron spectra in the explosive reconnection phase. The pulsar striped wind model represents a site where such current sheets are formed, including a guide field. The variability of the Crab nebula/pulsar system, seen as flares, can be therefore naturally explained by the DTM explosive phase in the striped wind. Our results indicate that the Crab GeV flare can be explained by the double tearing mode in the striped wind region if the magnetization parameter $\sigma$ is around $10^5$.


The utility model relates to an accelerator control system which belongs to a system for controlling the accelerator of an automobile. The throttle control system is composed of a sensor, a controlling circuit and an actuator. Sensing switches are installed at a brake pedal, a clutch pedal and an accelerator pedal, the controlling circuit is respectively connected to an automobile rate sensor and an engine rotational speed sensor, is connected with a buzzer and a grade sensor, and is added with a switch, a reverse gear switch is connected to the controlling circuit of the system, the controlling circuit is connected with the automobile traveling recorder added on the automobile, a speed setting device is installed in the cab, an automatic switch and a suggestion switch are arranged on the speed setting device, the speed setting device is connected to the controlling circuit, the controlling circuit is connected to a retarder and an ABS anti-lock brake system, a sensor is installed near to the seat of the driver, and the system is connected to a detector. The accelerator control system adopts a plurality of systems with a plurality of signals to help to control the accelerator, helps the driver to control the accelerator, and plays the roles of security, energy conservation, environmental protection and comfort.


The problem of designing adaptive filters subject to output envelope constraints in the presence of impulsive noise at the input channel is investigated. Median smoothing is incorporated into the recently developed adaptive envelope-constrained filtering algorithms with a view to suppressing the effect of impulsive noise. It is demonstrated that the proposed adaptive filtering algorithms can provide notable improvements in the performance. In particular, the output envelope constraints of primary interest can be more easily satisfied by the filter weight estimate obtained with the median smoothing than with the average smoothing in impulsive noise situations. Numerical simulations are included to show the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive filtering algorithms.


After mechanism of riverbed evolution was discussed by a case study at Niyang River used Fractal,and the conclusion was that riverbed evolution was the results of continuous coordination between conditions of external and internal based on the classification of riverbed evolution,the riverbed evolution depended on two key factors of hydraulic and sand-carrying.Niyang River is the combination of progressive evolution and dramatic evolution,and its progressive evolution is riverbed evolution by sand-carrying and its dramatic evolution is horizontal and vertical evolution by water level difference and flow increment.


or orthodontic treatment may be required, and in a few also, where home circumstances are very bad, a period of convalescence may help. It is all-important to ensure that the three main aims in treatment are followed simultaneously. The posture will soon relapse if a chronic nasal infection is allowed to continue, and nasal infection will soon recur in the child whose drooping shoulders and open mouth have remained uncorrected, while both treatments will fail in the child who is chronically overtired as a result of his illness. When such combined treatment is possible a return to full normal health can usually be expected in three to four months.


In a context of strong penetration of renewable energies, especially in a multi-energy network, thermocline thermal storage is a relevant solution. However, its operation using heat transfers between several phases is complex. Its precise modeling can therefore only with difficulty be taken into account within the problem of optimal management of a multi-energy network. In this work, we propose to analyze the impact of the precision of the thermal storage model on the efficiency of the management of a heating network. An accurate physical model and two linear models will be compared on a case study, as well as an original metamodel : fast but able to take into account stratification heat or heat loss during the load phase. This metamodel uses the logistic function to reduce the dimensions of the storage condition. It is based on an interpolation matrix previously constructed using the numerous simulations from the precise physical model. In addition, this model can be adjusted to achieve all the trade-offs between accuracy and speed of evaluation.


Replacing a Brayton cycle near constant-pressure combustor with a pulsed detonation combustor (PDC) may take advantage of potential performance improvements from low-entropy, pressure-gain heat addition. In this paper, the radial turbine of a Garrett automotive turbocharger is coupled to a hydrogen fueled PDC. Unsteady turbine power is obtained with a conventional dynamometer technique. Sampling frequencies greater than 10 kHz resolve rapid flowfield transients of confined detonations which occur in less than a millisecond and include peak gas pressures exceeding 4 MPa and peak gas temperatures greater than 2,400 K. Results include 6 ms time histories of turbine inlet and exit temperature, pressure, mass flow, and enthalpy during blowdown of a PDC. The unsteady inlet flowfield included momentary reverse flow, which was not observed at the turbine exit. Full pulsed detonation cycle time histories of turbine power, rotor speed, rotational energy and net shaft torque are included to describe the turbine response to detonations. Rotor speed is periodic and net shaft torque oscillates in response to a detonation. Results are shown for fill fractions ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 with a 0.5 purge fraction. PDC operating frequencies in this study range from 10 Hz to 25 Hz.© 2011 ASME


Massage operation fit and unfit quality directly about the effects of the treatment,the adult massage is required to five principles lasting,powerful,even,soft,deep,including soft especially important,this article from the bar like soft tissue like soft and aversion just fierce,combining Confucian 'harmony',the Taoist 'With soft as well','weak-strong' thought and bar like soft and evil just of the principle of 'method soft' to the elaboration,propose how to make technique with soft and penetrability,to achieve'light but not superficial,heavy but not lag' state,this paper was discussed for teaching and clinical help.


Two flow cases for high speed train models with different lengths have been numerically computed by performing the improved delayed detached-eddy simulation. Based on the Omega method and turbulence production (TP) distribution, the relations between the shear flow and vortices in the near turbulent wake of a high speed train have been comparatively analyzed. First, in the wake region immediately close to the tail, the boundary layer separation plays significant roles. And the mechanism makes shear deformation prominent in the region with the formed vortices. Moreover, the shear layers are pertinent to the boundary-layer thicknesses and help to the TP distribution. However, the shear-dominated region is very limited due to high dissipation. One the other hand, a vast majority of the vortices captured with the parameter Omega increasing in the downstream region away from the tail. And the TP distributions are stable at different streamwise positions, though obviously decreased. They are greatly attributed to the mean strain rate in the horizontal plane. Meanwhile, the vortical vorticity is thought to be the dominant component inside the vortex cores, although the shear becomes weaker. And thus the turbulence itself can be spatially sustained due to the relatively stable vortex structure. Moreover, the weak shear is believed to depend upon the interaction between the vortices and the ground.


Marfan Syndrome and Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) are characterized by the congenital/inherited alteration of the fibrillin proteins of aortic wall extracellular matrix, with higher incidence of aortic dissection/rupture even without aortic dilation. Therefore, early identification and treatment of aortic involvement could improve prognosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate aortic elastic properties of BAV and Marfan Syndrome patients to identify an index of early aortic involvement. Methods: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) study was performed on 38 BAV patients, 20 Marfan patients and 14 healthy volunteers as a control group. A high-resolution gradient-echo sequence was applied in the axial plane at the level of pulmonary artery bifurcation to evaluate aortic distensibility. Results: Aortic distensibility was significantly different among the three groups (ANOVA, p = 0.0001) and was sensibly reduced in BAV (0.0056 ± 0.0048 versus 0.025 ± 0.006 control group) and Marfan (0.0085 ± 0.006 versus 0....


The rate of convergence of adaptive filters depends on the correlation of the input signal. In this paper, we present a simple pre-whitened NLMS (normalized least mean square) algorithm, suitable for highly correlated inputs such as speech. It uses both input and error pre-whitening. The adaptive filter is excited at the two directions of the input and the pre-whitened input. The updating rate is reduced (every two iterations). When compared to classical algorithms, the proposed method provides a better convergence rate with low complexity. Furthermore, the robustness with respect to noise is improved.


monitored – many units do have an in-line oxygen analyser in the CPAP circuit – but it appears not to have been recorded. The usual situation is for an hourly written record of the background FiO2 to be kept on the nursing observation chart. The problem with this type of record is that it is not uncommon for oxygen desaturations associated with apnoea of prematurity to be treated with brief increases of the FiO2, which would not usually be recorded with the hourly observations. The oxygen saturation was less than 90% for 2% of 40 days, which gives a lot of scope for desaturation events and their treatment with oxygen. Failure to return the FiO2 to air in a timely manner would also not be captured by the hourly written record. For 71% of the time, the saturations were 99% or 100%; if only a small fraction of this time involved ongoing oxygen use after desaturations, this could have resulted in significant hyperoxia. The other issue is that if there is no oxygen analyser in the circuit, malfunction of the oxygen blender will not be picked up, and inadvertent oxygen administration will go unrecognised. This is not intended to be critical of the authors or the unit they represent. Their message is valid: lack of high oxygen exposure in the extremely premature infant does not preclude the occurrence of severe ROP. The intention in this letter is to advocate for improved systems to allow monitoring of FiO2 in conjunction with SaO2. If this joint information were recorded in a Physiological Data Recorder, analysis of the minute-byminute record would give a far more reliable picture of the amount of oxygen administration and its appropriateness. One of the challenges of looking after babies with minimal lung disease is that when they are usually in air with oxygen saturations of 99 or 100%, it is necessary to turn the 'high' oxygen saturation alarm off to avoid frequent unnecessary alarms. Therefore, when oxygen is supplied to correct a desaturation, there is no alarm to warn of possible hyperoxia once the desaturation has resolved. The saturation reading returns to 100%, which does not raise concern because it is no different from the usual reading. The problem is that it is reading 100% while the baby is receiving supplemental oxygen, a distinction that is easily neglected. Oxygen analysers are needed which display the FiO2 on the main infant monitor with linking of the FiO2 data to the alarms on the oxygen saturation monitor so that it is not possible to switch the high saturation alarm off when oxygen is being administered. The monitors could also be programmed to display a 'Serious Hyperoxia Alarm' when the SaO2 reading is 100% in the presence of an FiO2 that is significantly above the baby's baseline need. There is emergent technology for automated regulation of the inspired oxygen concentration. A recent review suggests that further work is necessary but that this technology may in the future have something to offer. What is suggested here is one step short of this: display and recording of the FiO2, linked appropriately to the SaO2 alarm; but retaining clinical personnel as the effector arm. Preterm infants with normal cardiorespiratory physiology maintain higher arterial oxygen levels than their foetal counterparts, and it may be that this is sufficient to cause the occasional case of severe retinopathy. On the other hand, severe retinopathy in premature infants who have a low baseline oxygen requirement may be due to episodic exposure to inappropriately high levels of inspired oxygen leading to intermittent arterial hyperoxia. The suggested improvements in oxygen monitor technology would help minimise this risk. Companies producing neonatal physiological monitors should develop linked, recorded FiO2 and O2Sat monitors. This development would provide an added safety dimension. Such monitors would also add considerably to research into the contribution of oxygen exposure to retinopathy of prematurity, especially saturation-targeting research.


Following a request from European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the modification of the terms of authorisation of AveMix® XG 10 (endo-1,4-beta-xylanase and endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanase) as
a feed additive for chickens for fattening. The additive AveMix® XG 10 is a preparation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (xylanase) and endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanase (glucanase) produced by two strains of Trichoderma reesei. This product, available in solid and liquid forms, is currently authorised for its use as a feed additive in chickens for fattening. The applicant is now seeking a modification of the terms of the authorisation, by reducing the
minimum recommended dose from 4000 XU and 900 BGU/kg to 2000 XU and 450 BGU/Kg complete feed. The safety of this product for chickens for fattening, the consumer, the user and the environment were already assessed by EFSA in 2009. Therefore, the present opinion only concerns the efficacy aspects of the use of the additive. The data provided from three trials in chickens for fattening do not support the reduction of the minimum recommended dose from 4000 XU and 900 BGU/kg feed to 2000 XU and 450 BGU/kg feed because analyses of the feeds showed that the intended doses were considerably exceeded. However, the data showed that the product is efficacious at a lower dose than the one currently authorised. The
data indicate, as an approximation, that 3000 XU and 600 BGU/kg feed has the potential to improve growth rate and feed to gain ratio in chickens for fattening.


One source of drinking water used by the public is the water coming from local water company. One is the water content in flour. The content of fluorine in drinking water must comply with the limit. Flour is an essential element because of its role in bone mineralization and hardening tooth enamel. Shortage of flour in the water can cause dental caries, and if the excess flour can cause spots on tooth enamel formation occurs at the time of the email (fluorosis). For it is necessary for the measurement of fluorine content of drinking water. Measurement of tissue levels of flour local water company in the study was conducted at nine locations including sources of water, well pump, and installation of network local water company in District Sumbersari Jember. Data from these measurements are presented in spatial and non spatial. To give an idea of spatial levels of network taps flour is used geographic information system-based Google Earth. The results of measurements of fluoride levels in drinking water local water company in the District Sumbersari Jember obtained the average 0.18 ppm.


abstract:My essay deals with a short outline of the contents of the part dedicated to Ippolito Desideri, SJ (1664–1733) in I Missionari Italiani nel Tibet e nel Nepal, Il Nuovo Ramusio (Roma: Istituto Poligrafico dello Stato, Libreria dello Stato, 1952–1956, 7 vols.), the opus magnum by Luciano Petech (1914–2010). The second volume of this work is composed of three parts in which Petech published a critical edition of the Relatio, id est Notizie Istoriche del Thibet e memorie de' viaggi e missione ivi fatta dal P.Ippolito Desideri della Compagnia di Gesù dal medesimo scritte e dedicate. Petech also published Letters and excerpts of the Defences, three Appendixes concerning a Missiological Manual, and the Report by the Portuguese Jesuit Manoel Freyre.First I point out the characteristic qualities of the extraordinary work of the Jesuit, highlighted by Luciano Petech (vol. 2, part V, Introduction). First of all, he was a missionary but also an actual scholar, "the first European Tibetologist," as his writings communicate an extraordinary understanding of Tibetan Buddhism, important historical information of the period of his stay in Tibet, and a general overview of the Tibetan civilization at the time. Then I draw attention to the use of Desideri's writings by Petech in his historical publications such as China and Tibet in the early 18th century (Leiden: Brill, 1972).


: This paper mentions a new approach to accurately and fully describe the mathematical model of the automatic firing system of gas-operated machine guns. The mathematical model is established based on Lagrange's equations of the second kind. A numerical method was used to solve the research problem. The automatic firing system of the PKMS machine gun (of Russian origin) was selected for calculation and testing. After the research model is calculated, a comparison is made between the theoretical calculation results and the experimental results to verify the mathematical model. The comparison results between the calculation from the theoretical model and the results obtained from the experiment show that the mathematical model is suitable and reliable, the maximum velocity error of the bolt carrier is only 6.53%. The results obtained from this study are the basis for evaluating the working ability of the automatic firing system. This is also a reliable theoretical basis for designers to optimize the structure for automatic firing systems of gas-operated automatic weapons.


The purpose of this study is to confirm whether spontaneous adipocyte generation during chondrogenic induction culture affects the chondrogenic differentiation of porcine skin-derived stem cells (pSSCs). For this purpose, chondrogenic differentiation characteristics and specific marker gene expression were analyzed using cell lines showing different characteristics of spontaneous adipocyte formation. Of the four different lines of pSSCs, the pSSCs-IV line showed higher Oil red O (ORO) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) extraction levels. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that the levels of adipogenic markers peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARγ2) and adipocyte Protein 2 (aP2) mRNAs were significantly higher in pSSCs-IV than those of the other pSSC lines (P<0.05). Among three chondrogenic markers, collagen type II (Col II) and sex determining region Y-box (Sox9) mRNAs were strongly expressed in pSSCs-IV (P<0.05), but not in aggrecan (Agg), which was significantly higher in pSSCs-II (P<0.05). These results demonstrate that the spontaneous adipocyte generation during chondrogenic differentiation has a positive effect on the chondrogenesis of pSSCs. More research is needed on the correlation between adipocyte generation and cartilage formation.


The problem of using anencephalic neonates as potential organ donors is a highly charged emotional issue. In this
brief article, we are unable to address all of the ethical issues involved but present an admittedly superficial overview for further reflections.


Primordial black holes (PBHs), hypothesized to be the result of density fluctuations during the early universe, are candidates for dark matter. When microlensing background stars, they cause a transient apparent enhancement of the flux. Measuring these signals with optical telescopes is a powerful method to constrain the PBH abundance in the range of 10 − 10 𝑀 (cid:12) to 10 1 𝑀 (cid:12) . Especially for galactic stars, the finiteness of the sources needs to be taken into account. For low PBH masses (in this work (cid:46) 10 − 8 𝑀 (cid:12) ) the average duration of the detectable event decreases with the mass (cid:104) 𝑡 𝑒 (cid:105) ∝ 𝑀 PBH . For 𝑀 PBH ≈ 10 − 11 𝑀 (cid:12) we find (cid:104) 𝑡 𝑒 (cid:105) (cid:46) 1s. For this reason, fast sampling detectors may be required as they could enable the detection of low mass PBHs. Current limits are set with sampling speeds of 2 minutes to 24 hours in the optical regime. Ground-based Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) are optimized to detect the ∼ ns long optical Cherenkov signals induced by atmospheric air showers. As shown recently, the very-large mirror area of these instruments provides very high signal to noise ratio for fast optical transients ( (cid:28) 1 s) such as asteroid occultations. We investigate whether optical observations by IACTs can contribute to extending microlensing limits to the unconstrained mass range 𝑀 PBH < 10 − 10 𝑀 (cid:12) . We discuss the limiting factors to perform these searches for each telescope type. We calculate the rate of expected detectable microlensing events in the relevant mass range for the current and next-generation IACTs considering realistic source parameters.


Background:  This prospective observational study included a case series of children and adolescents receiving light intravenous propofol anesthesia combined with local anesthesia (LA) for arthroscopic knee procedures. The aim was to examine the merits of anesthesia, to discuss the indications for the procedure and to analyze recovery/discharge times from the postanesthesia care unit (PACU).


Abstract The program reverse mathematics seeks to identify the minimal axioms needed to prove theorems of ordinary mathematics. In this paper, we develop the reverse mathematics of measure theory and apply these results to the reverse mathematics study of game theory. We address the technical issue of how to develop product measures in reverse mathematics, including formalizing Fubini's thoerem. We show that weak compactness of probability measures on a compact space is equivalent to arithmetical comprehension over RCA0. The forward direction is again slightly technical. As an application of these results, we prove in ACA0 that any continuous game has a mixed Nash equilibrium.


The cross sectional study was designed to investigate the effect of antioxidant vitamin E 400mg daily dose in patients with hyperlipidemia for nine months. The study was performed on 90 patients (36 males and 54 females) from medical clinic in the Al-Qadsia area/Tikrit city. Results: The study was showed the level of triglycerides significantly decreased after three months of treatment in both female and male, the level of total cholesterol was significantly decline after three months of treatment in female and male, the level of HDL-cholesterol is significant decline after six months of treatment in female and after nine months in male, the level of VLDL-cholesterol is significantly decreased in female after nine months of treatment and after three months in male, while the level of LDL –cholesterol is significantly decreased after three months of treatment in both female and male. There is some side effect appear in some patients during the course of treatment in study as abdominal pain, gastrointestinal disturbance and fatigue. CONCLUSION: This study was recorded the significantly decline in triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, followed by HDL and VLDL levels in females patients with hyperlipidemic, on the other hand, total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL levels showed the greatest reduction followed by LDL, and HDL-cholesterol levels in male patients with hyperlipidemic after using vitamin E in a dose 400mg/day for nine months,


The invention relates to a method for preparing an eyebrow generating liquid. The eyebrow generating liquid is prepared by the following steps of: mixing dyers woad leaf, fennelflower seed, radix-polygoni multiflori, cacumen platycladi and myrobalam, adding water for extracting, and then combining extracted solution, standing over night to obtain supernatant; adding water for dilution, ultrafiltering by a hollow fiber membrane compound polypropylene, combining ultrafiltrate, concentrating by using a nanofiltration membrane, adding ultramicro active carbon, xanthan gum powder, glycerol, preservative and essence in sequence, stirring and evenly mixing to obtain the eyebrow generating liquid. The eyebrow generating liquid obtained by the method can meet the demand of broad groups of people having few eyebrow, dropping off eyebrow and lacking eyebrow and the pursuit of people on beauty and high-quality life, is a blackish green liquid and has unique delicate fragrance.


Norwegian spring spawning herring is one of the largest pelagic fish stocks in the world and sustains fisheries conducted by fleets from the EU, Faeroe Islands, Iceland, Norway and Russia. The fish stock has been exploited for centuries, but its size has been subject to dramatic changes. In the late 1960s a fishing pressure, too high to what the stock could sustain, led to a collapse of the fish stock.
The stock stayed at a low level for nearly two decades, until it once again recovered to its historical levels. This chapter gives some background information about the stock and its collapse as well as the regulatory measures adopted to facilitate the recovery of the stock. It also discusses economic consequences of improving the exploitation pattern and exploitation rate in the fishery. The chapter concludes by stating lessons learned during the rebuilding period.


Mining production developmentbussiness, usually will cause problems both during and after mining project. One is the disruption of environment and ecosystems.To anticipate this, Company aims to plan the technical reclamation of the production phase for the first 5-year period in order to create environmentally friendly mining activities . And also as one of the requirements that must be met to obtain Production Operation IUP. Based on the technical study that has been planned, the after-mined land of Company will be used as a production forest area in accordance with the Spatial Kebumen that subdistrict Buayan included into the area of production forest.The area to be reclaimed after mining in the first 5-year period is ± 4.63 Ha, with the needs of top soil to land arrangement as much as 7.566.09 BCM . In the land planning activities will be used in the form of excavator loading tool PC 400 LC-8, conveyances Dump truck Komatsu HD255-5, and tools stocking soil, namely Bulldozer D41E-6. As for the labor time required to carry out reclamation activities , namely : Year to-1 ±21 days ; Year-2 ±61 days ; Year-3 ±47 days ; Year-4 ±25 days , Year-5 ±51 days. Plants that will be used are perennials or annual plants , ie plants golden teak and cover crops such as legumes types Sentro. Golden teak plant seeds that required as many as 7.262 Sentro stems and seeds as much as 23 kg.


The rationale, design, and performance of a high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer are discussed. The instrument was employed in the measurement of stratospheric emissionin the 7–90-cm−1 spectral interval with a 0.0033-cm−1 resolution (unapodized) from a balloon-borne platform at ~40-km altitude.


Abstract The intuitionistic fuzzy set is a useful tool to deal with vagueness and uncertainty. Correlation coefficient of the intuitionistic fuzzy sets is an important measure in intuitionistic fuzzy set theory and has great practical potential in a variety of areas, such as decision making, medical diagnosis, pattern recognition, etc. In this paper, an improved correlation coefficient of the intuitionistic fuzzy sets is defined, and it can overcome some drawbacks of the existing ones. The properties of this correlation coefficient are discussed. Then, the generalization of the coefficient of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets is also introduced. Finally, two examples about the application of the proposed correlation coefficient of the intuitionistic fuzzy sets in medical diagnosis and clustering are shown to illustrate the advantages over the existing methods.


The purpose of seismic waveform inversion is to obtain a geological model that is optimally fitted to the predicted seismic record and the measured seismic record. Since the forward model is repeatedly called during the inversion process, in order to improve efficiency, an efficient forward calculation method must be employed. In this study, we take a 2D wave equation as an example and propose a deep learning method as a forward model to minimize the prediction error value of seismic records. And the velocity inversion test of the Marmousi model is carried out by conjugate gradient method. Numerical experiments show that compared with the traditional finite difference method, the method can greatly reduce the calculation amount and improve the calculation efficiency.


SUMMARY Temperature modification in soil of plastic greenhouse caused by solarization was measured during the summer in the Subtropical Central Region of the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a 10m x 25m greenhouse covered with low density transparent polyethylene (PE). Four 6m x 4m plots were mulched with 100µm thickness PE sheets, from December 12, 1992 to March 7, 1993. Four other plots (same size) without the cover were used as control (bare soil). Results indicated that solarization incrased the maximum soil temperature. The average was 11.9, 10.8, 9.8, and 8.6°C over uncovered control soil at 2, 5, 10, and 20cm depth, respectively. The soil temperature reached values of up to 54.4°C at 2cm and 50.2°C at 5cm depth. Temperatures exceeding 45°C and 50°C in solarized soil have also occurred in several days. "Edge effect" in mulched plots was also detected.


ONE vrEw now rapidly gaining ground in economics is that since contemporary credit money costs society nothing to produce, people ought to be encouraged to hold money up to satiation. This goal presumably could be attained simply by compensating people for the opportunity cost of holding money, that is, by paying enough interest on money to cut the net opportunity cost of holding the good to zero.' Strangely enough, though, no one has ever properly explained the whole notion of a satiation level with regard to money. If money is viewed as a production good, as is common in respect to firms, satiation with money must refer to a zero marginal product, or more specifically, a point where additional money ceases to economize on transaction costs. Why should such a point exist? For example, is there any reason why a sufficient abundance of money relative to other factors should inhibit the productivity of the rest? Alternatively, is there any cause why input substitutability between money and other factors should cease at some point? Why not a marginal product of money asymptotic to zero? Further, if a zero marginal product exists, this point can only be one of unique equilibrium under standard assumptions if increases in money beyond it yield a negative marginal product. How would this be explained?2 In addition, the whole notion that a zero net opportunity cost of holding money would induce people to hold a satiation level of money balances depends on the assumption that all costs of storing and using money, such as safekeeping and check clearing, are independent of the money stock. That is, the storage of money and operation of the payment mechanism supposedly can be legitimately regarded as a social overhead cost. But it is certainly difficult to see why costs of safeguarding currency should be independent of the stock. Nor is it plain, and no one has ever tried to explain, why people should use the payment mechanism at the same frequency regardless of their demand deposits.3 Ordinarily physical rates of utilization are conceived as positively related to average stock size. Why not in the case of demand deposits?


To perfect legal system,statute law fills the blanks of law with codes,regulations,principles and legal concepts,while case law depending on the growth of the precedent.Having realized the limitation of the single method,civil law countries and Anglo American law countries combine the two methods organically.It is necessary to point that in the context of the dominant legal tradition,the function and status of statute law and case law are different in practice in civil law countries and Anglo American countries.The conclusion is that the organic combination of the two methods can make the legal system more perfect effectively.


The invention discloses a backbone operator transmission ring multicast method, a backbone operator transmission multicast ring network and a backbone operator transmission node device. A first PBT node device in a PBT multicast ring network transmits received multicast data to a second PBT node device through a PBT multicast tunnel in the PBT multicast ring network according to a preset multicast transmitting table in the first PBT node device; the PBT multicast ring network is formed by connecting a plurality of PBT node devices through the multicast tunnel; and the multicast tunnel is accessed to a control address MVMAC or a virtual local area network mark VID mark by a virtual multicast media. The invention adopts a circular networking path to transmit the multicast data stream; the multicast message is transmitted in a round on a PBT ring through the multicast PBT tunnel and the transmission of the multicast is finished, and the multicast or the broadcast of the data is realized without the support of the multicast duplication among the PBT nodes, thus reducing the performance requirements of the nodes in the network.


In many analyses of Bantu reduplication, one puzzling aspect is the absence of correspondence between the final vowel (FV) of the reduplicant (RED) and the FV of the base. In Zulu, the default FV for a verb is the -a found throughout Bantu, but certain forms, such as the recent past and subjunctive, take an FV of -e, and a final -i is correlated with negation, all of which are barred from appearing on RED. This systematic mismatch between the RED and base is difficult to account for within Optimal Theory, where it is necessary to formulate constraints that penalize including 'Auinflectional'Au material in RED, or have different rankings for RED-Base Faith constraints for root material (high-ranked) vs. non-root material (low-ranked). In Distributed Morphology, the absence of correspondence between the FV of RED and the FV of the base follows straightforwardly from the nature of the derivation, as the FV -a is taken to be an intermediate spellout of the v (verbalizing) head that attaches to an acategorical root. In the RED+base verb complex as a whole, this -a gets overwritten as the verb moves up to higher syntactic projections (such as mood, aspect, and negation), but at this point, RED is no longer accessible as a privileged constituent, and its -a FV cannot be targeted. This working paper is available in University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: http://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/ vol19/iss1/6 U. Penn Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume 19.1, 2013 Explaining the Final Vowel Mismatch in Zulu Reduplication


Nowadays the debate on gender among the Dead Sea scholars has become fiercer. This issue can hardly be avoided when we ponder that women and themes related to sexual relations or marriage are present in the rules and purity system of the Dead Sea Scrolls in documents as important as the Damascus Document, and the Temple Scroll. Clearly, it is impossible for such community to follow the rules as we read them in the Damascus Document, the Rule of the Congregation, and the Rule of the Community. They simply reflect different realities. The community glimpsed in the Damascus Document, where families lived in their own properties, cannot be the same as the one indirectly depicted in the Rule of the Community, a document about a community where people shared their goods, their meals and their time while praying, studying the Scriptures and working. In this sense, if the movement depicted in the Damascus Document included women among their members, does it mean that, consequently, the Qumran Community, living isolated in the Judean Desert, also received women to live a life in common with the group inside its walls? Scholars such as C. Wassen and E. Schuller are among the ones who are devoting part of their studies directly to this theme, seeking the answers through the archaeological findings in the Qumran site, the manuscripts found in the Qumran caves and the historical sources of Philon, Josephus and Pliny. These efforts are focused on understanding the social role, possibilities, daily life of some (or many) Jewish women that entered the dynamics of a closed movement in the turn of the first millennium and, at the same time, aim at grasping a little more of the modus operandi of that society.


This article is based on data from two major research projects that investigated students involved in mathematically demanding courses during their transition through college and into university. It explores the nature of modelling as a mathematical practice in this important transition phase for students. Theoretical considerations are informed by illustrative accounts of a college mathematical modelling lesson and engineering lecture exemplifying the complex nature of mathematical modelling in these two phases of post-compulsory education. This raises important issues concerning the teaching and learning of mathematical practices in relation to modelling and applications. The discussion presented here is seen through the lens of Cultural Historical Activity Theory that informed the project team's analysis of the case studies developed of both institutions and individuals. In this article, data and earlier findings are reinterpreted to better understand how we might support students as they move from learning mathematics to learning to use mathematics effectively in pursuit of their other studies. The accounts of classroom and lecture activity illustrate how 'doing mathematics' is mediated in different ways ensuring that students experience modelling and applications as mathematical practices very differently in each. This leads me to explain why, but also infer that students are likely to experience difficulties in transition both 'vertically' in progression from one activity system to another over time (college to higher education) and 'horizontally' between activity systems in which they participate concurrently (maths and engineering classes in university).


With the aggravation of aging society and the general trend of home-based elderly care, how to combine community forces to provide all-round protection for the elderly has become an urgent problem to be solved. The system focuses on meeting the diverse needs of the elderly. It is divided into three roles: relatives, the elderly and community administrator. It realizes the functions including health monitoring, meal ordering, entertainment and so on. The system is developed by spring, spring MVC and Mybatis website technology to realize the background management function. The Android system mobile phone is used as the mobile terminal, combined with the sensor function of the mobile phone to identify the falls of the elderly, and uses the smart bracelet to detect the heart rate, so as to provide the basic guarantee for the elderly at home and meet the daily needs of the elderly.


Tilapia skin is being already use in humans and wild animals present burning wounds and showed a great result. The objective is to evaluate if tilapia skin used as an occlusive curative improves equine wound healing in two horses present chronic wound. Both animals are males, adults, both of breed Mangalarga Marchador South America. Every seven days wound we measured, photographed, biopsied for histopathological analysis, cleaned and tilapia curative was changed. Image J software was used to measure wound area. Tilapia skin as an occlusive biological factor seemed to improve healing process, wounds present an area reduction and clinical improvement during 35 days treatment, even though is still waiting for complete wound healing. In equine tilapia skin curative seemed to speed up healing process and allowed reduced curative change from every two days to once a week. This implies in decrease animal´s stress, less pain and treatment cost reduction since we used less bandage amount. Beside that tilapia skin industrial waste. Furthermore, it allowed avoid using antibiotics, which reduces environment pollution and there´s no antibiotic resistance issues.


The creep and creep recovery of commercial and heat-set nylon 6 monofilaments have been investigated. The creep was found to be non-linear viscoelastic even at strains below 1 %. The creep data are shown to fit Nutting type of creep equation, viz. a plot of log creep strain versus log time results in a straight line. These studies show that an increase in the crystalline content of the anisotropic filament can lead to an increase in creep and creep rate. The mechanical data are analysed in structural terms and it is suggested that the state of orientation of the non-crystalline regions can play an important part in determining the creep, creep rate and recovery from creep. The creep modulus is time-dependent; at 101V speeds of measurement, as in creep, it appears to be related to the orientation of the noncrystalline regions of the fibre.


In order to study the influencing factors of the metallic tailings building glass-ceramics produced by once sintering Method.The Differential thermal analysis was taken to get the best composition;the orthogonal optimization design was used to optimize the heat treatment system,the X-ray diffraction experiment;and the Compressive strength experiment were taken to analyse the influencing factors.It shows that the influence ranges were:the nucleating time,the crystallization time,and the temperature-increasing rate.The best heat treatment is reached when the nucleating time is 45 min,the crystallization time is 45 min,and the rate:5℃/min.So when the once sintering method is used,the remelting can be avoided the backsiphon can be controlled,and the mechanical property will be improved.


In mathematics, beauty can be thought of as a "certain expectation" for a "natural outcome". Mathematical sciences application have appeared in the field of art, particularly music. One example of its application namely Fibonacci sequence and Golden Ratio. This research aims to create two songs with the Fibonacci sequence and Golden Ratio. The first song were created by applying the elements of the Fibonacci 100% while the second song with the implementation of Fibonacci 64%. Then the sense value ratio from both songs are analyzed using the Wilcoxon test with 16 respondents from ISI Denpasar students (Indonesian Art Institute in Denpasar). This research is expected to add knowledge about the mathematics application to the arts, escpecially the art of music.


For the KSLV-II development, the four operating point engine control during 580 second combustion test of 7 tonf liquid rocket engine has been performed at upper stage engine test facility in NARO space center. The three flow control valve was successfully controlled for the multi operating point control. This multi operating point combustion test result show that the saving of time and cost is possible at each test. Furthermore the possibility of the engine operating control during the launch vehicle flight is verified.


The invention provides a light source packaging structure, and a positioning and coupling method thereof. The light source packaging structure comprises a sealing box cover (101), a C lens (102), a silicon based heat sink (103), a laser chip (104), an isolator assembly (106), and a silicon light chip (107). The laser chip (104), a collimating lens (105), and the isolator assembly (106) are sequentially disposed on the silicon based heat sink (103). The C lens (102) is aligned with the grating coupler (110) of the silicon light chip (107) in a fixed and coupled manner. The sealed box cover (101) is provided with an inclined inner wall used to reflect light emitted by the laser chip (104) to the C lens, and the lower surface of the C lens (102) is provided with a polishing surface matched with the incident angle of the reflected light. The side of the C lens (102) inclined toward the direction away from the silicon based heat sink (103), and the optical axis of the C lens (102) is consistent with the transmission direction of the light, and the main light is superposed with the optical axis. A coupling structure is compact, and position tolerance is large.


This workshop entitled, Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Community, took place at Yale University on April 13, 2012. It has been 10 years since the first Yale University Workshop on HCC, published in the Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology in 2002. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is now the fastest rising cause of cancer-related death in the United States; it is the leading cause of death in patients with cirrhosis and is the fifth most common and third most lethal malignancy globally, claiming over 700,000 lives per year. Much has changed in the 10 years after the first workshop, including new local and systemic treatments, advances in transplantation and surgical techniques, and improved insight into the molecular pathways that lead to liver cancer. However, HCC remains a highly lethal cancer. It is a heterogenous disease, most often arising in an already damaged organ, with multiple possible therapies offered by different disciplines. The approach to screening, staging, and treatment of HCC is complex, confusing, and sometimes controversial. The workshop was organized to provide the clinician with an overview of epidemiology and pathogenesis of HCC; an understanding of key concepts in diagnostic radiology and anatomy that govern diagnosis and approach to therapy; an appreciation of the histologic heterogeneity of liver cancer; and insight into the role of clinical trials for this cancer, traditionally thought to be resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The second half of the workshop was devoted to the unique perspectives of the hepatologist, surgical oncologist, transplant surgeon, interventional radiologist, and oncologist and the group dynamics that govern the multidisciplinary approach to HCC. Each paper in this supplement presents a thoughtful examination of the issues that govern our present understanding and approach to HCC, offers a careful assessment of gaps in knowledge, and suggests areas for further growth and advancement. The authors collectively have decades of experience in the study of HCC; many have witnessed and contributed to the milestones in science and medicine that have brought the field to where it is today. We would like to express our appreciation for their participation in the workshop and their contributions to this supplement.


This article is the result of research in the project "Genres of the journalistic media as an object of external didactic transposition", which is integrated in the GETELIN (UENP/CNPq) research group. In its theoretical grounding, the project is guided by Sociodiscursive Interactionism (ISD) studies, mainly in didactic terms. The main objective of the study was to develop a theoretical model of the First Section of Folha de Londrina. The development of the theoretical model contains five steps: 1) selection of a representative corpus of the first section; 2) bibliographic study of the area of journalism and newspaper genres; 3) interview with Folha de Londrina; 4) list of the First Section genres; 5) analysis and interpretation of the section based on the categories of ISD and on the adaptation of Bonini's (2003) categorization for newspaper genres. For this article the objective is to present the results obtained in the first four steps of the research.


The overall performance of Madras Red sheep reared under field condition was recorded during 2003–04. The mean body weight of ewes at breeding was 26.94±0.03 kg and lambing percent was 83.25. The overall birth, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month and 12-month body weight was 2.67±0.006, 9.69±0.028, 14.34±0.035, 17.55±0.055 and 21.20±0.080 kg, respectively. The average daily weight gain during 0–3 months, 3–6 months, 6–9 months and 9–12 months was 69.99±0.23, 44.56±0.23, 32.60±0.55 and 33.11±0.14 g, respectively. The average daily weight gain was significant for the post-weaning and adult between seasons. The body weight, except at birth in Madras Red sheep, showed significant difference between the seasons. Sex had significant influence on body weight at all stages of growth.


Nominal possessive constructions (e.g. Sam's car) present a challenge for theories of discourse since, unlike simpler nominal phrases (e.g. a car), they explicitly refer to two entities, not just one. Research on the discourse prominence of these two referents has been limited in scope and produced contradictory findings. We use a sentence continuation experiment to investigate the prominence of possessions as a function of their animacy. We find that possessed animates (e.g. her butler) are especially prominent. Their privileged status in discourse may relate to non-linguistic theories on the importance of interpersonal relationships.


Linguistics is the systematic science of studying and exploring languages. Linguists have tried to extract rules of language in processing linguistic novelty and innovation and also in analyzing Linguistic processes of text and hypertext; as well as the complexity of language. Semantics or connotation science is a branch of linguistics that generally explores the relationship between words and their meanings. De Beaugrande's linguistic theory is also hypertextual and semantical analysis that evaluates metaphorical meanings of a word in the text beside its literal meanings. Based on De Beaugrande's theory, a text is a communicational incident which is expected to satisfy seven conditions, otherwise its textuality is lost with the failure to satisfy any of these conditions.
 The seven conditions are 1. cohesion, 2. coherence, 3. intentionality, 4. acceptability, 5. informativity 6. situationality, and 7. Intertextuality.
Presence of these criteria accentuates the conceptual, psychological, and social aspects of hypertext. Examining these areas, can also help better understanding of indicational function of specific words used in a text.
 Among indelible works in Arabic language and literature, is Nahj-ol-balaghe with relatively high frequency usage of animal names and qualities. Some animal allegories used in Imam Ali's (a.s.) words are used in their secondary meanings or with certain indications. Horse is used in text for its astuteness, goat for its fearfulness, humility, humbleness, incapability and potential to be dominated, dog for its blind obedience and camel for its other transformed meanings.
 The present study adopts an analytical-descriptive approach to explore indicational function of some animal related words in Nahj-ol-balaghe according to De Beaugrande's theory; wishing to clarify the indicational and non-literal signification of animal words in the textuality of the text.
Considering De Beaugrande's above mentioned criteria in analyzing a few statements studied in this research indicate that they satisfy the textuality (text-significance) conditions and have been delivered with their mental, psychosocial and social aspects in mind. Although all aspects may not be addressed to the same extent, generally all three hypertext aspects with their animal allegories intended in the statements are present in the study.


The weight of an edge is the degree‐sum of its end‐vertices. An edge u v $uv$ is an ( i , j ) $(i,j)$ ‐edge if deg ( u ) ≤ i $\,\text{deg}\,(u)\le i$ and deg ( v ) ≤ j $\,\text{deg}\,(v)\le j$ . In 1955, Kotzig proved that every 3‐connected plane graph contains an edge of weight at most 13. Later, Borodin proved the existence of such an edge in plane graphs with minimum degree at least three. If we consider a graph embedded on a surface with nonpositive Euler characteristic, minimum degree at least three and sufficiently large number of vertices, then the existence of an edge of weight at most 15 can be proved. In this paper we consider graphs with minimum degree two, minimum face degree at least three, embedded on a surface with nonpositive Euler characteristic. We prove that every connected graph with sufficiently large number of vertices, minimum degree two and minimum face degree at least ρ $\rho $ , embedded on a surface with nonpositive Euler characteristic, contains an edge of type ( 2 , ∞ ) $(2,\infty )$ , ( 3 , 12 ) $(3,12)$ , ( 4 , 8 ) $(4,8)$ or ( 6 , 6 ) $(6,6)$ if ρ = 3 $\rho =3$ , ( 2 , ∞ ) $(2,\infty )$ , ( 3 , 6 ) $(3,6)$ or ( 4 , 4 ) $(4,4)$ if ρ = 4 $\rho =4$ , ( 2 , 6 ) $(2,6)$ or ( 3 , 3 ) $(3,3)$ if ρ ∈ { 5 , 6 } $\rho \in \{5,6\}$ , ( 2 , 4 ) $(2,4)$ if ρ ∈ { 7 , 8 } $\rho \in \{7,8\}$ , ( 2 , 3 ) $(2,3)$ if ρ ∈ { 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 } $\rho \in \{9,10,11,12\}$ , and ( 2 , 2 ) $(2,2)$ if ρ ≥ 13 $\rho \ge 13$ . We will also discuss the quality of our results.


We discuss preliminaries of a calculation of the form factors for the semileptonic decays B!p'n, Bs! K'n, and B! K' + ' . We simulate with NRQCD heavy and HISQ light valence quarks on the MILC 2+ 1 dynamical asqtad configurations. The form factors are calculated over a range of momentum transfer to allow determination of their shape and the extraction ofjVubj. Additionally, we are calculating ratios of these form factors to those for the unphysical decay Bs! hs. We are studying the possibility of combining these precisely determined ratios with future calculations of Bs! hs using HISQ b-quarks to generate form factors with significantly reduced errors.


This report was focused on the determination of diosgenin in the total saponin of Diocscorea hypoglauca Palibin after acid hydrolysis. It was carried out on the Mightysil RP 18 column with the evaporative light scatter detector. The average recovery was 101 9 %.


OBJECTIVE
To compare long-term hearing outcomes following ossiculoplasty with cartilage tympanoplasty with (M) and without (M) the malleus present.

STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective chart review.

SETTING
Tertiary referral center.

PATIENTS
One twenty-six patients (18-88 yr of age) undergoing ossiculoplasty with tympanoplasty or tympanomastoidectomy using cartilage tympanic membrane grafts from 1998 to 2012 with at least 5 years of documented postoperative follow-up.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Short-term hearing results (pure-tone average air-bone gap [PTA-ABG] measured between 60 d and 1 yr after surgery), long-term hearing results (PTA-ABG measured ≥5 yr after surgery), Ossiculoplasty Outcome Parameter Staging (OOPS) index, and complications.

RESULTS
There were 46 patients in the M group and 80 in the M group. Preoperative PTA-ABG was 23.8 dB for M and 34.5 dB for M (p = 0.00001). Short-term postoperative PTA-ABG was 19.3 dB for M and 18.5 dB for M (p = 0.727). Long-term postoperative PTA-ABG was 18.2 dB for M and 19.6 dB for M (p = 0.500). The OOPS index was 4.11 and 6.41 for M and M, respectively, (p = 0.00001). Thirteen patients (10.3%) experienced complications.

CONCLUSION
Our data suggest that the malleus is not statistically significant with regard to its impact on final audiometric outcome following ossiculoplasty. This has implications in our clinic, particularly in our use of the OOPS index as a prognostic tool, and will likely lead to its revision. These data may further support the coupling theory of acoustic gain and weaken the catenary lever theory.


861 from the laboratory to the marketplace. Finally, at the LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, and Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Sekhsaria focuses on the targeted drug delivery techniques utilizing nanotechnology to treat retinoblastoma, a malignant eye tumor prevalent among young children in India. These cases may not adorn the cover of Science or Nature, but they show how an emerging scientific field interfaces with local needs. These two books by Pankaj Sekhsaria are by no means comprehensive treatments of Indian science and technology. However, they allow readers to access the ground-level research practices in contemporary India. NonIndian readers may find Nanoscale, published in India for the local audience, a bit sparse in its explanation of local context. Together, the two books are enough to pique the interest of readers wanting to know more about the conditions and aspirations of Indian scientists. I can only hope for more research of this kind with a broad geographical coverage. Only through accumulating detailed case studies of local practices can we recast the concept of innovation.


The intensive development of thermal imaging device is accompanied by the expansion of its functional possibilities. One of them is the realization of changing magnifications and fields. The aim of the work is to justify the method of changing focal lengths and fields, ensuring the constancy of the relative aperture and axial length of the lenses when changing the field in thermal imaging devices using uncooled microbolometer infrared sensor arrays. A method of structural synthesis of a lens of three components is proposed. The method is characterized by the following: the optical power of the first component is equal to the optical power of the lens, the sum of the optical powers of the second and third components is zero. The aperture diaphragm is located on the third component. The internal component has two discrete positions. Relations between the parameters of components that are found provide the invariability of the back focal length and the relative aperture of the lens when changing the focal length. The capabilities of the method are confirmed by the development of four infrared lenses with two- and three-fold differences in focal lengths. Decreasing the length along the axis and the stability of the relative aperture of the lens with diffractive image qual-ity when changing the focal length in an optical scheme with a bi-aspheric design is achieved.


In order meet the strong demand of airborne users for internet access and seamless airborne broadband connectivity, air-to-ground (ATG) communication is a more promising solution than satellite communication(SC) due to its short latency, low cost and high speed. This article focuses on the beamforming problem in the ATG scene and proposes an adaptive beamforming scheme based on position assistance. With real-time position information, the method enables adaptive selection of the appropriate width beam to provide data communication services to the passengers onboard the aircraft with guaranteed stability of data transmission. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme not only has low implementation complexity but also effectively improves the stability of data transmission in the ATG communication system.


Abstract The article presents the results of the integrity parameter of the GLONASS satellite positioning system in civil aviation. As a source material for the research the authors used observation and navigation data of the GLONASS system from the onboard GNSS receiver mounted on the Cessna 172. In the research, the authors used a model to determine the aircraft position based on the single-frequency SPP code method for GLONASS L1-C/A observations. The numerical calculations were conducted in the RTKLIB software, in the RTKPOST library. The obtained results are interesting from the point of using an application of the GLONASS system in aviation and the possible implementation of the single-frequency GLONASS code observations in the SPP model in order to determine the aircraft position. On the basis of the obtained results it was found that the GLONASS integrity performance data can be used in a procedure of non-precision approach to landing NPA GNSS.


Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is known to improve the peak exercise capacity during incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, its effects on variables reflective of effort-independent exercise response, such as efficiency slopes, are not well studied. Objectives: To investigate the effects of PR on efficiency slopes in patients with COPD. Methods: Patients with COPD were assessed for exercise capacity (CPET), before and 3 months after PR. The ventilatory efficiency (∆VE/∆VCO2), the oxygen uptake efficiency (OUES), and the mechanical efficiency (∆VO2/∆Wr) slopes and oxygen pulse (PuO2) were calculated from the CPET. PuO2 was defined as the ratio of oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR). Isotime was identified as the highest workload achieved either at baseline or 3 months after PR. Results: Twenty-five patients were included [16 men; 64 (9) years-old; FEV1: 48.9 (14.5)%pred; 6MWD 72 (11.3)%pred]. The PR outcomes are shown in Table 1. Conclusions: Although peak exercise capacity and iso-work response improved, the efficiency slopes reflective effort-independent exercise response did not change significantly after PR.


ION/INFERENCE REPEATED EXPERIENCE GENERALISATION OBJECTIVE REALITY: WORLD The Unicorn is driving a Mustang 96 In Delusion and Dream, 170 Freud suggested that we all have within us multiple voices, as if we embody, although not in any corpuscular way, a whole cast of characters, like those found in novels or in plays. More, he argued that writers create their narratives by throwing the characters on the page, much like dice on baize, and seeing what numbers come up. These multiple voices, which may be in conflict, interact with each other until they resolve their differences, in effect. I find this idea intriguing but ultimately mistaken. It may brush against my notion of having different field views but there the similarity ends because according to this Freudian view, it is always the same characters treading the boards. The Tattooed Character The two main characters in Altered Land are an alcoholic mother and her deaf son; the narrative is written from the point of view of both, in the first person. This technique requires the writer to be able to move from one field position to another extremely convincingly; I am not saying that I managed to do this, all I am highlighting is the fact that the more adept the writer is at 'imagining' in the way I describe, the more successful the narrative. Indeed, its plausibility is dependent on this. Mr Candid had a cast of wildly dysfunctional characters but I would still like to think that I managed to 'imagine' them in the way I have outlined. I felt empathy with them; I 'became' them in order to picture what they would do in certain situations: Flanagan is staring furiously at the scuffed pine floor of the town hall. He is thinking of Jane Sullivan and how it must have been for her how bereft she must have been to take her own life. The Jane Sullivan he remembers was a good, God-fearing Catholic, Flanagan's heart is hammering as Brannigan returns with two more whiskies and the jazz band begins to swing. (Mr Candid, p. 7) That night, as I sat with a beer in the old train wagon they use for a bar there, the radio was playing and I heard that the little girl had died of multiple injuries and that the other driver had survived. The girl's dog, a Labrador, had died as well in the impact. The dog was called Tinkerbell and when I heard that I put my head in my arms and I cried and I The Unicorn is driving a Mustang 97 couldn't stop and I tried and I couldn't stop and I tried and I couldn't stop and when I looked up, snot and tears running down my face, there was Mr Candid, leaning against the bar looking back at me, unsmiling. (Mr Candid, p. 228) Luke Kane lost control when he realised that the body under the sheet belonged to Sugar. He was uncontainable. No one there ever managed to erase the sight of Luke Kane the son of Mr Steel, the man who had everything crying and mewling like a baby. No one could get near him just as he made sure no one could get near Sugar. Luke Kane guarded the body, like a lion, like a mother, kneeling over it, howling, desolate, lashing out at anyone who tried to calm him. He pulled the sheet back from Sugar's face, saw the damage inflicted by a single sliver of steel and his grief redoubled. The sounds he made were inhuman, bestial. [...] The afternoon was strangely silent no cars passed on the distant road, no gulls called to each other, there were no thin cries floating from the beach. The only sound was the sound of Luke Kane's heart emptying and filling over and over as he bawled. Time passed and the doctor and paramedic tried to approach him again; again he snarled and roared, lashed out. It took more than an hour for the cops and paramedics to grab Luke Kane and drag him away from the body so he could be sedated. Luke Kane had chewed his lips and his chin was bloodied as if he had gorged himself on his sister's body. Which, in a way, was what he been doing for years. (Mr Candid, pp. 336-7) Flanagan, Chum and Luke Kane all reacting to death in distinct ways, which reflect how I 'imagine' them: Flanagan thinking of others, Chum Kane thinking of Mr Candid and Luke Kane thinking, as always, about himself. The Dead People There is always debate regarding characterisation, technical questions, as it were, about how or whether to show or tell and so on. More, there are the problems identified by Davis: 'One is that they are designed to elicit maximum identification with the observer. The second is that their existence is part of a monolithic structure created by an author.' 171 Davis (who adopts a Marxist approach to literary theory) alleges that characters have purpose whilst people have personalities, characters are intentional, they are created purely for authorial purposes and perhaps there is something to be said for this view. But he goes further, claiming that 'characters' are essentially dead people: if a reader reads less of the D 'Urbevilles ten times, Tess never changes, she is always the same, The Unicorn is driving a Mustang 98 no matter how many times she is encountered. This does not take into account the relationship between the text and the reader. First, I would suggest that if the reader were to encounter Tess at seventeen, and then to re-read the book thirty years later, the interpretation of Tess-as-character would be different. Secondly, I would suggest that a nineteenth-century reader would interpret Tess-as-character very differently from a reader in 2005. m More, Davis' argument takes no account of character-as-metaphor Captain Ahab, Marlow and Kurtz, Madame Bovary and Heathcliffe, to name a few. Also, consider this: Davis assumes the writing of the novel is a seamless affair, in which well-groomed, burnished characters roll along well-greased, silent tracks, their purposes tattooed on their foreheads, from the first line to the last, as if the novelist began to write knowing them absolutely and never revisited his idea of them. I would certainly dispute this: if I am what I have experienced, and my 'imagination' functions in the way outlined above, then to say my characters have no personality is to imply that when I 'imagine' I strip myself of my personality in order to 'imagine'. Which is patently absurd. 'Character,' Davis remarks, 'gives readers faith that personality is, first, understandable, and, second, capable of rational change.' 173 Well, yes. Precisely. Wittgenstein's Boiled Fox Kant maintained that 'it is only what we have experienced that we can reproduce by connecting together images from our memory'. This makes no allowance for the development of semantic memory. More, Kant's statement makes no sense when it is remembered that Kant himself never ventured further than seven miles from his birthplace of Konisberg and yet felt qualified nevertheless to discourse on how we understand the world, discourses which incorporated asides about waterfalls, volcanoes and hurricanes. Of course, the problem here is with the word 'experience'. There is a tendency amongst philosophers and cognitive psychologists alike to speak of'sensory experience', 'sense data', 'apperception', 'perception', 'auditory image' etc., when theorising about the way we construct reality. The effect of these labels is to suggest that we serially encounter a river of bits/bytes/dollops of information about the world which we then store according The Unicorn is driving a Mustang 99 to various systems. Psychologists, in particular, are wont to record the memory traces of flash cards, lists, maps, and so on. The lay person might ask 'What does this have to do with creative life?' and answer, 'Nothing'. Then ask, 'What does this have to do with everyday life?' and answer, 'Nearly nothing.' But it does. It is the language of philosophy and psychology that creates a fog between how we construct our concepts of reality and self and the tools we use to do this. 'Experience' can mean a myriad of things. It can mean the incident witnessed at a supermarket check out, when a mother finally snaps and wallops her whinging seven-year-old; it can mean the sensation of falling of a cliff edge as sleep beckons; it can mean turning on the radio mid-way through Peggy Lee singing 'Is that all there is?'; it can mean watching the film 'Legend'; it can mean tasting a Zanzibar bug or smelling the infamous Durian fruit; it can mean glimpsing a front page photograph of Victoria Beckham pouting in that curious way she has; it can mean ... anything. Everything you do is an experience. It may not be a memorable experience (that is, generic schema event) or it may be (schema-plus-tag), but whatever the experience is, it will affect the experient, perhaps minimally, perhaps in a way that can be called lifealtering. There is, Tulving might argue, a difference between the motherwalloping-child and the Durian-smelling experiences: the former was presented to me by an outside agency, the latter was (unfortunately) directly experienced and this is what Tulving means when he writes of the distinction between autonoetic and noetic memories. And here, yet again, I have to disagree. I cannot accept his argument that the mother-walloping-child incident is without context for me. If it were, then how would I encode it? In my semantic memory involving concepts of child abuse? Or parenthood? Or would it be a 'floater'? In my role as writer (which, for the record, is, as they say, 24/7; the fat lady never seems to sing in this regard) I would argue that both my direct and indirect experiences are fed through a filter marked 'things that might be useful in my role as writer'. W. G. Sebald articulated this view far more elegantly: Writing is by definition a morally dubious occupation, I think, because one appropriates and manipulates the lives of others for certain ends. [...] A writer's attitude is utilitarian. I think Graham Greene said somewhere The Unicorn is driving a Mustang 100 that most writers have a splinter of ice in their heart. This seems to me a very perceptive remark because


This study aims to determine the magnitude of the impact of performance information using the balanced scorecard approach to improving business processes at Bank Aceh. This research was conducted at 27 branch offices of PT bank Aceh in 2022. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to operations managers within the company. The research design used is the case study method with explanatory case studies as the type of research. The technique used is a population research technique with cross-sectional data types. analysis of the data used is linear regression analysis. the results of research and hypothesis testing show that performance information with a balanced scorecard approach has an impact on improving business processes.


According to Rousseau, conscience and conscience alone can elevate human beings to a level above that of animals. It is conscience, understood as infallible judge of good and bad, which makes man like God. Conscience itself is, in this context, understood as divine, as an 'immortal and celestial voice'. Therefore, if the voice of conscience is the same as the voice of God, then conscience is nothing human. However, although this interpretation is correct, there are some problems with it. If we take into consideration the fact that conscience is in the same context defined first as a unifying principle which makes us like God, second as a thing which is in the middle between God and man and thirdly as a middle thing or mediation that integrates extremes organically, then conscience cannot be either simply human or divine. The second problem is the following: How can one who hears the voice of God know that he really hears his voice? And, if he is the only one who hears it, how can we know that he hears it?


The state in which physical and mental functions are deteriorated with aging is called frailty, and decrease in muscle mass and muscle strength with aging accompanying deterioration of physical function is called sarcopenia. Frailty and sarcopenia are found in older adults, which is a major obstacle to achieve healthy longevity. Estimation of prevalence and number of patients, as well as elucidation of risk factors in frailty and sarcopenia are important for the prevention of frailty and sarcopenia. The prevalence of frailty determined by criteria based on the method of Fried et al. was 5.2% for men and 20.9% for women in a cohort of randomly selected community-living population, and the estimated number of people with frailty was about 0.77 million men and 2,22 million women among the population aged 65 years and over in Japan. The prevalence of sarcopenia by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria was 9.6% for men and 7.7% for women. The number of people aged 65 years and over with sarcopenia in Japan was estimated to be 1.64 million for men and 1.39 million for women. The onset of frailty was related to physique, physical function, cognitive function, depression, and various chronic diseases. Depression and lack of exercise were significant risk factors of sarcopenia. Physical activity, nutrition and control of chronic diseases are required for the prevention of frailty and sarcopenia, and the prevention will be an important issue for health and longevity in Japan. Jpn J Phys Fitness Sports Med, 66(2): 133-142 (2017)


This study was largely prompted by the debate on the people management function in Zimbabwe that led to the change of name of the Institute of Personnel Management of Zimbabwe (IPMZ) to the Institute of People Management of Zimbabwe (IPMZ) and developments in other countries vis a vis the profession. The paper is based on both theoretical literature on the evolution of people management and empirical literature from different countries. The study showed that there is no agreement on the understanding and treatment of the people management function. This study recommends, among other things, a broader and more strategic thinking / understanding of the management of people at work department. Key words: people management, human resource, personnel, function, IPMZ, evolution, work..


Mississippian chert reservoirs, important hydrocarbon resources in North America, are highly heterogeneous, typically below seismic resolution and, therefore, present a challenging task for predicting reservoir properties from seismic data. In this study, I conducted a seismic attribute analysis of the Mississippian chert reservoir at the Wellington Field, south-central Kansas using well and 3D PSTM seismic data. The microporous cherty dolomite reservoir exhibits a characteristic vertical gradational porosity reduction and associated increase in acoustic velocity, known as a ramp-transition velocity function. I investigated possible relationships of the Mississippian reservoir thickness and porosity with post-stack seismic attributes, including inverted acoustic impedance. The analysis of well-log and seismic data revealed that fault #1 divides the Wellington Field diagonally from the southwestern corner to the northeastern corner. The reservoir in the southeastern part of the field is characterized by a vertical gradational porosity decrease (from 25-30 to 4-6%), variable thickness (6-20 m), lower seismic amplitude and frequency content, locally developed double reflector, and high correlation between seismic amplitude and reservoir thickness conformable with the theoretical amplitude response of a ramp-transition velocity function. Amplitude envelope was used to predict the reservoir thickness in this part of the field. The Mississippian reservoir in the northwestern part of the field has more heterogeneous porosity distribution within the reservoir interval, thins in the north-north-west direction, while no clear relationship was found between reservoir thickness and instantaneous seismic attributes. The model-based inversion and porosity model predicted from inverted impedance supported the well-log and seismic attribute interpretation. The reliability of the predicted porosity model is tested by cross-validation. Resolution limits were determined using wedge modeling as 1/16λ for


Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer globally diagnosed in men1, with more than 160,000 new cases each year in the United States.2 Even with relatively high rates of survival, many deaths occur due to metastases. It most often metastasizes to bone, to other sites including lymph nodes, lungs, and liver as well.1,3 A wide range of treatment options are currently available — active surveillance, surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapeutics.2 Although most patients experience remission with standard therapy, approximately 10-20% of prostate cancer cases are castration-resistant.4 Up to 16% of these patients show no evidence that the cancer has spread at the time of the castration-resistant diagnosis.4 Castration-resistance refers to continued tumor growth despite appropriate hormonal treatment. In February 2018, apalutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA), was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the first drug for non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.4

Recently, there have been cases reporting generalized eruptive keratoacanthomas (EKA) in association with use of the program cell death (PD-1) targeting drugs like nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and leflunomide when treating malignancy. 5,6,7 However, based on our literature review, we were unable to find documented cases involving apalutamide.

We present the case of an 86-year-old Caucasian male with castration-resistant prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy diagnosed with biopsy-confirmed EKA with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) two and a half months after the initiation of apalutamide.


Intravascular Doppler assessment of coronary flow velocity has demonstrated the physiologic significance of intermediate stenoses and the success of coronary interventions. We describe a patient where Doppler evaluation confirmed the significance of an intermediate left circumflex ostial stenosis. We also describe the Doppler flow velocity characteristics after successful rotational atherectomy facilitated angioplasty.


While historical depictions of gender and sexuality propagated by outsiders continue to resonate through contemporary representations of Arctic peoples, researchers have only now begun to unpack these persistent ideas and their role in shaping current struggles for access, inclusion, and equality. This article aims to contribute to this growing discussion by examining the depictions of Greenlandic women and sexuality in Rockwell Kent's Salamina (1935). Drawing on a sensationalism that has long been a fixture of Arctic accounts and later media, Kent described Greenlandic women as childlike and highly sexual but still knowable, reinforcing existing hierarchies of power built on constructions of gender and race. This article interrogates the artist's depiction of Greenlandic women and its relation to broader representation of Indigenous peoples in the Arctic.


We suggest a low-scale model based on A 4 × Z 4 × Z 2 symmetry and a global lepton number U(1) L symmetry capable of generating the current neutrino data. The neutrino mass smallness is reproduced by the linear seesaw mechanism. The model can explain the current observed pattern of lepton mixing in which the reactor and atmospheric angles get the best-fit values, and the solar angle and Dirac phase lie within 3 σ limits. The obtained values of the sum of neutrino mass and the effective neutrino mass are below the present experimental limits.


Abstract This article explores the revival of silent film tropes, particularly silent-era melodrama, in the later films of Mikhail Kalatozov.Kalatozov, a Soviet filmmaker who began his career at the tail end of the silent era, created several masterful works in the post-Stalin era that conspicuously hark en back to Soviet cinema of the 1920s, most significantly The Cranes are Flying and I Am Cuba .This article probes the melodramatic essence of I Am Cuba , a film celebrating the Cuban revolution of the 1950s, as the author discusses the ways in which melodrama, homage to silent Soviet cinema, and groundbreaking cinematography overshadow the ideological orientation of this film, which ultimately led to the shelving of the film in the Soviet Union.


Monetary policy decisions are transmitted into the economy through many channels, one of which is the bank lending channel. It is based on the central bank's actions that affect loan supply and real spending. This paper examines, spanning the period 1999-2010, whether for the case of European banks the operation of the bank lending channel can be modeled in a manner that better conforms to current institutional realities, such as credit frictions. The recent literature on monetary policy takes into account credit frictions and investigates monetary implications. We use interest rate spreads, that is, the difference between the interest rate available to savers and borrowers, as an indicator of the disruptions in the financial situation and incorporate them into the model for the estimation of the bank lending channel across eurozone countries. The results indicate that these credit frictions have an impact on the lending growth process.


A cosmic scalar field evolving very slowly in time can account for the observed dark energy of the Universe. Unlike a cosmological constant, an evolving scalar field also has local spatial gradients due to gravity. If the scalar field has a minimal derivative coupling to electromagnetism, it will cause modifications of Maxwell's equations. In particular, in the presence of a scalar field gradient generated by Earth's gravity, regions with a magnetic field appear to be electrically charged and regions with a static electric field appear to contain electric currents. We propose experiments to detect such effects with sensitivity exceeding current limits on scalar field interactions from measurements of cosmological birefringence. If the scalar field has derivative couplings to fermions, it would also generate observable effects in precision spin precession experiments.


A small area of overlap with hybridization characterizes the interaction between northern L. ewingi and L. paraewingi. Although significant levels of postmating isolation exist between the taxa, no evidence of reproductive character displacement in mating-call structure is apparent within the contact zone. No obvious environmental features appear to correlate with the position of the zone. Northern L. ewingi and L. verreauxi alpina also form a hybrid zone where their ranges meet, and the position of the zone appears to be correlated with altitude. The taxa are characterized by a high level of genetic compatibility and no mating-call differentiation is evident. However, despite hybridization with adjacent taxa, the distinctness of northern L. ewingi is maintained away from the areas of interaction, and hence it is considered specifically distinct from L. paraewingi and L. v. alpina. No natural interaction between northern L. ewingi and L. ewingi has been located. However, they are considered to be conspecific because of: their morphological resemblance; the high level of genetic compatibility between them; and, the similarity of each of their interactions with L. paraewingi and with L. v. alpina.


This paper points to the important role which the elasticity of aggregate capital supply with respect to the net rate of return to capital plays for the efficiency of policymaking in a decentralized economy with mobile capital and spillovers among jurisdictions. In accordance with previous studies, we show that under the assumption of a fixed capital supply (zero capital supply elasticity) the decentralized policy choice is optimal. If the capital supply elasticity is strictly positive, however, capital tax rates are inefficiently low in the decentralized equilibrium.


A system for aquiring, storing and utilizing RDF (radio direction finder) data from multiple agents was presented. The data acquisition agent collected information from the Internet, and extracted the metadata about Web contents. The metadata in RDF was stored in an XML(extensible markup language) database or a relational database by the sorting agent. The reasoning agent performed semantic matching on user supplied key words to pull matching records. The query agent, accepted user input, drived the search engine to access the RDF database and returned matching records to customers. These four agents completed the Web semantic information retrieval services system.


Group IV alloys are attracting strong interest for Si-based optoelectronics. The effects of C on the electrical and optical properties, however, are still not well understood, especially for high Ge content. In this report, we describe optical, structural, and compositional measurements of a series of thick, relaxed p-type Ge1−yCy layers on n-type Si (100) substrates. The alloy layers were 0.5 μm thick and were grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy at a substrate temperature of 300 °C and p-type doped with different B concentrations. X-ray diffraction indicated that the layers were single crystalline and nearly fully relaxed. The optical absorption was measured using a waveguide structure using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The absorption data versus photon energy data fit indicated an indirect band gap, and one sample had a band gap of 774 meV compared to 660 meV for pure Ge. For single-crystalline, relaxed layers, the effect of C was to increase the band gap energy. These measurements ...