The present study was designed to investigate the effects of diets containing advanced soy products (enzyme‐treated soy and fermented soy) or corn protein concentrate (CPC) in combination with porcine meal (PM) to completely replace poultry byproduct meal (PBM) on growth performance, body composition, and distal intestine histology of Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus. Four experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isolipidic, to contain 400 g/kg crude protein and 80 g/kg lipid. A reference diet (PBM diet [PBMD]) contained 150 g/kg PBM and 495 g/kg soybean meal (SBM), and three test diets were formulated replacing PBM with 15 g/kg of CPC (CPC diet [CPCD]) or replacing all SBM and PBM with 535 g/kg fermented soy (fermented soybean meal diet [FSBMD]) or 451.3 g/kg enzyme‐treated soy (enzyme‐treated soybean meal diet [ESBMD]). All three test diets were supplemented with 38 g/kg of PM. Diets were fed based on a percentage of bodyweight adjusted after sampling the fish every 2 weeks to triplicate groups of Florida pompano juveniles (mean weight 8.06 ± 0.22 g). After 8 weeks of feeding, fish fed CPCD and ESBMD performed equally well in terms of final body weight, thermal growth coefficient, and percentage weight gain in comparison to fish fed PBMD. In all cases, feeding FSBMD resulted in poor feed conversion and lower feed intake compared to other treatments. Protein retention efficiency, whole‐body proximate composition, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sodium, and zinc contents were not significantly influenced by the dietary treatments. The results obtained in the present histological study showed no significant differences in the thickness of serous layer, muscular layer, and submucosal layer of the intestine among treatments. Fish fed CPCD showed a significant widening of the lamina propria with an increase of cellular infiltration and higher presence of goblet cells compared to other dietary treatment. Based on these results, 451 g/kg ESBM or combination of 150 g/kg of CPC and 495 g/kg SBM supplemented with 38 g/kg PM can be utilized to develop a practical diet for juvenile Florida pompano without impacting growth, nutritive parameters, and several distal intestine health parameters.


The present study aims for studying the role of general health and resilience on organizational commitment in the employees of Kerman Motors, with respect to self-efficiency controllability. This is a prospective, applied, descriptive-correlational survey study. Statistical population of the research includes all employees of Kerman Motors. Research samples were selected using stratified random sampling, in that it was sought to consider the ratio of whole population (225 people) in the sample size Results from data analysis showed that general health and resilience explain 25% of organizational commitment, with respect to the self-efficiency controllability. On the other hand, results suggested that all paths of the suggested model, except organizational commitment-general health were significant. From data analysis, it was found that general health is taken as a significant prediction of resilience. In addition, findings implied that resilience could be regarded as the prediction of self-efficiency significance.


Photovoltaic cells are affected by factors, such as external radiation and temperature, their output voltages have wide range. For adopting to the wide input voltage range from photovoltaic, a novel single-stage five-level grid-connected inverter is proposed in the paper, and the functions of inverter and boost are realized in the transformation. Compared with the traditional multi-level grid-connected inverter, the inverter has the advantages of buck-boost, simple topology, easy control, fewer power devices, and lower switching losses. First, the topology of the inverter is designed and the feasibility and working mode is analyzed. Then, on the basis of the analysis of current sharing characteristics, the inverter's operating mode is analyzed. Based on the traditional PR control method, the model predictive control algorithm is used to control the inverter on the grid. Moreover, the control principles and control process of the modulation method are introduced. At last, the proposed grid-connected inverter is closed-loop designed and simulated, and the feasibility of the topology is verified.


Each Nasmyth platforms of the ELT will host one Prefocal Station, which main function will be to provide a first control of the telescope shape, before delivering the light wavefront to the instruments. Besides providing three Nasmyth focal planes and one Coudé focus, each PFS will include three Natural Guide Star Sensor Arms, rotating on an adapter, to support the low order optimization and control of the telescope shape in seeing limited image quality. Each Sensor Arm will include an image channel, to perform guiding and telescope tip-tilt tracking, and a wavefront sensor, to correct higher order modes. In this paper an opto-mechanical concept of the Sensor Arm is reported.


With so many of US wantonly ingesting nutrient boosts in the form of tablets and food fortifications, it's no wonder that the vitamin and supplement industries are big business. Sonya Pemberton's engaging documentary sets out to unpack the reasons behind, and risks of, this worldwide penchant for vitamins - but does so perhaps a little too light-handedly.


An underwater acoustical navigation (UWAN) system is widely used on an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). The navigation error prediction is of great significance to the design, use, and capability upgrade for the UWAN system. Owing to the trend of faster AUV and the need for higher navigation accuracy, traditional navigation models are mismatched. Besides, they adopt fixed input errors (including measurement errors of sound velocity, time delay, and array position), which are inconsistent with the real complex acoustic channel. As a consequence, the prediction accuracy of the navigation error is greatly reduced. The authors proposed a novel navigation error prediction method for UWAN based on AUV. Firstly, they established the acoustical navigation model for moving AUV and deduced the error prediction formula. Secondly, considering the complex underwater acoustic channel, they applied the variable error models as the inputs of the prediction formula. Finally, simulations and experiments in different situations verified the effectiveness of the proposed method. The method will provide effective theoretical support for the performance evaluation of the UWAN system based on moving AUV.


Environmental sustainable development topic is increasingly at the centre of international interest.
During the last decades, environmental issues have evolved from pollution and depletion of natural resources towards global issues such as climate change. Industrial organizations are exposed to risks that could undermine their market competitiveness: operative risks, financial risks, compliance risks and Market risks. In this global context, industries need of a robust Environmental Strategy for improving their competitiveness and proactively manage related risks and opportunities. In the last years, the
concept of life cycle environmental management has increased its importance stressing the need of organizations manage all the environmental impacts generate by their activities and products along all
values chains with a life cycle perspective. The management of life cycle performance is a multiperspectives issue and requires the use of multiple Environmental Management Tools (EMTs) to be addressed. The scientific community has responded developing many methods for multiple EMTs
use.
From scientific literature review several limits of current method for multiple EMTs use emerged that are circumscribable in six different critical areas: 1. environmental impact assessment, 2. Resources
consumption assessment, 3. performance evaluation, 4. ecoinnovation (Eco Design, Eco Efficiency), 5. strategic decision making and 6. strategy & management. These limitations do not allow companies to have a robust and complete management of its life cycle environmental performance and therefore limit the opportunity to develop strategies that reduce the environmental impacts of the organization and its
products. The present research focuses on the development and application at industrial level of a new method to combine environmental management tools (EMTs) to improve the life cycle environmental
performance of industries. To do so the specific objectives of the research were the develop of a new method to combine EMTs to overcome identified criticalities and test its applicability and effectiveness to improve life cycle environmental management performance in a real industrial case study.
The methodology of the research took into consideration the Environmental Management Drivers (EMDs), the Environmental Management Barriers (EMBs), the integration/combination mechanisms, the available EMTs, and the limits of already existing methods in the definition of the new method and the single case study method to address and discuss its applicability and effectiveness at industrial level.
The development of the new method Organizational Environmental Sustainability System (OES2) is addressed in the first part of the research. The method has been developed combining seven different
ISO EMTs: Organizational Life Cycle Assessment (ISO/TS 14072), Product Life Cycle Assessment (ISO 14040-44), Environmental Performance Evaluation (ISO 14031), Ecodesign (ISO/TR 14062),
Ecoefficiency (ISO 14045), Environmental Management System (ISO 14001) and Communication & labelling tools (ISO 14025-24-21). In order to face all identified gaps and improve the operatively
implementation of the method the concept of STEM (Supportive Tools to Environmental Management) has been introduced. Eight different STEMs have been implemented by OES2 method giving operative
support to all implemented EMTs: Multiscale LCA (MLCA), a new mathematical model that correlates all the assessment scales (organizational, product, process); the Environmental Inventory Database
(EID) and Environmental Results Database (ERD), that permits to automatize the data collection and the result management processes; the Eco Environmental Keyperformance Analyzer (Eco-EKA), that
permits to perform the performance evaluation and the performance tracking with a multi scale perspective, the EcoDesign Simulation Dashboard (Eco-DSD), that permits to provide a work space to
designers to simulate new ecodesign project and compare the environmental performance, the Indicator of Work Environmental Efficiency (IWEE), that allows to assess the level of ecoefficiency of industrial
processes and provides solutions to improve the process management, the Strategic Environmental Decision Making module (SEDM module), that supports and increases the use of statistical and mathematical approaches to support decision making processes, and finally the Environmental Sustainability Strategy Model (ESSM), that supports the validation of environmental strategy at product and organizational level.
The applicability and effectiveness of OES2 method to improve life cycle environmental management performance, is presented in the second part of the thesis. The industrial application has been conducted
in Acqua Minerale San Benedetto S.p.A., one of the most important player in the beverage sector in the world. Six different tests have been performed in order to stress OES2 method in all six critical areas of
environmental management. Results of the applicability of OES2 method have shown the importance to assess environmental impacts with a multiscale approach, the importance to introduce STEMs in
order to support the operative implementation of EMTs and the importance to combine EMTs in order to achieve a comprehensive environmental management approach. The OES2 methods has improved
the life cycle environmental management performance of San Benedetto S.p.A. in all the six critical areas.
The research activities were carried out at the Department of Industrial Engineering of the Padova University and at the company Acqua Minerale San Benedetto S.p.A. (mainly production site of Scorze).
The results of the research activities are summarized in 6 chapters.
Introduction: introduces the issues of environmental management and the need to use methods to combine EMTs. The scope of the research, the objectives, the dissertation structure and the research
methodology are described.
Chapter 1: first part of material & methods, it reports on the scientific literature review to identify limits of available methods and required characteristics to be consider for the development of the new method:
Environmental Management Drivers (EMDs), the Environmental Management Barriers (EMBs), the integration/combination mechanisms, the available EMTs, and the already existing methods for multiple
EMTs use.
Chapter 2: second part of material & methods, it reports on the development of the OES2 methods and the methodological development of STEMs.
Chapter 3: presents the results of the industrial application tests carried out in San Benedetto S.p.A.
focusing the attention on how the OES2 method permits to solve the identified gaps on life cycle environmental management performance of the organization.
Chapter 4: presents the discussion on the results with reference to already published methods for multiple EMTs use and objectives of the research.
Chapter 5: reports on research contributions and perspectives for future researches.


Time domain expression derived for frequency varying nonperiodic square wave in FDM and FM systems, using orthogonal functions to obtain frequency spectrum


We describe regional patterns of variation in dead wood across 20 million ha of upland forests of all ownerships in Oregon and Washington, based on an analysis of data on snags and down wood collected on over 16,000 field plots. Current patterns of dead wood are highly variable and complex. The strongest differences were among nine habitats that reflect strong regional gradients in physical environment and ecosystem processes. Mean snag density was lowest in the drier habitats east of the Cascade crest and greatest at higher elevations, ranging from 0.8/ha to 37.2/ha. The mean volume of down wood ranged from 7.4 m 3 /ha in western juniper woodland to 183.3 m 3 /ha in westside conifer-hardwood forest. Differences in dead wood were more pronounced among habitats west of the Cascade crest. Dead wood abundance generally increased with successional development. Large snags were more than twice as dense within wilderness areas than outside wilderness, whereas large down wood was more abundant outside wilderness. Dead wood on plots was non-normally distributed and skewed to the right. Information on regional patterns of variation in dead wood is being incorporated into the DecAID model, which will help guide managers in considering dead wood and processes of decomposition in forest management. The regional summaries of dead wood also can be used to evaluate forest practice regulations and incentive programs for non-Federal lands, and to assess wildlife habitat suitability, ecosystem health, and carbon stores at state, regional, and national levels.


Salinity is one of the severe environmental factors limiting cotton productivity. The present study aimed to investigate the salt stress response of diploid cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) cultivars commonly cultivated in the region. The plant developmental, biochemical and physiological responses of desi cotton varieties FDH 171 and FDH 786 under NaCl stress (100, 150 and 200 mM) were evaluated. Root and shoot length and seedling vigor were reduced, but root: shoot was gradually increased as the plants were subjected to increased stress of NaCl. Leaf relative water content and turgor potential were reduced when the NaCl stress was increased gradually. Decrease in osmotic and water potential imposed and maintained the physiological mechanism of the plants. Biochemical processes, including chlorophyll content, proline and soluble sugars under salt stress justify the reduction of cellular osmotic potential. Consequently, the genotypes FDH 171 & FDH 786 were suitably adapted under NaCl stress. These genotypes can be an excellent source for breeding and cotton improvement program for salinity tolerance. * Corresponding Author: Dr Bushra Rashid  firstname.lastname@example.com International Journal of Biosciences | IJB | ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print), 2222-5234 (Online) http://www.innspub.net Vol. 6, No. 12, p. 9-20, 2015


In this paper, a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) H-plane horn antenna has been designed for X-band applications. Metamaterial is incorporated for performance enhancement of the designed antenna. Capacitively loaded loop is used as the unit cell of metamaterial for achieving negative values of relative permittivity and relative permeability. A half-mode SIW H-plane horn antenna is also proposed in this paper which reduces the size of the antenna without much effect on its performance. Metamaterial is integrated on the half-mode horn as well for improvement in gain and radiation pattern. The antennas are fabricated and tested. Excellent agreement between the measured and simulated results was obtained.


In this chapter, literature concerned with the dielectric properties and insulation applications of polymer films and fibrous materials is reviewed. Although the primary concern is with articles which appeared in 1961, reference is made also to some earlier work not mentioned previously in the Digest. Some articles, for example, those concerned with water absorption, are mentioned because of their important relation to the insulating properties of fibers and films.


The present study has been conducted to examine the effect of grid resolution on the predicted results for electric cable fire using pyrolysis model in FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator, version 5). The grid independent test for different grid resolutions has been performed for a PE coating cable and the grid resolution is defined by the non-dimensional characteristic length of fire and mean grid size. The calculated maximum heat release rate and mean flame spread rate were almost constant for higher grid resolution of 2025 and the computing time for the grid resolution takes approximately 20hours to solve flame propagation with pyrolysis model. The geometrical simplification of a electric cable dose not greatly affect on the maximum heat release rate and flame spread rate and the rectangular approximation of cable shape gives acceptable result comparing with the round cable with stepwise grid.


In this work we propose a new algorithm to evaluate the basis functions of the Argyris finite element and their derivatives. The main novelty here is an efficient way to calculate the matrix which gives the change of coordinates between the bases of the Argyis element for the reference and for an arbitrary triangle. This matrix is factored as the product of two rectangular matrices with a strong block structure which makes their computation very easy. We show and comment on an implementation of this algorithm in Matlab. Two numerical experiments, an interpolation of a smooth function on a triangle and the finite-element solution of the Dirichlet problem for the biLaplacian, are presented in the last section to check the performance of our implementation.


Ad-hoc networks are the collection of autonomous nodes where all the nodes are configured dynamically without any centralized management system. Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are self-configuring network of mobile routers connected via a wireless link. A MANET is a most promising and rapidly growing technology and it have become a very popular research topic in recent years. This paper gives an overview of MANETs with respect to services, parameters, applications, attacks and challenges.


Through the research of three combustion chambers with different construction in this paper,the affects to performance and emission of YC4108Q diesel engine were discussed. Results show that the improved ω type combustion chamber meets the request of power performance and fuel economy,Meanwhile achieved good exhausted smoking and emission results.


A spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) waveguide structure with periodic T-grooves is proposed and investigated in this paper. Compared to the conventional plasmonic waveguide with periodic rectangular-grooves, the proposed waveguide support the guided SSPPs wave with enhanced propagation confinement. Moreover, the waveguide with T-grooves can achieve 39.4% decrease in length compared with the rectangular-grooves waveguide. The propagation properties of the SSPPs with enhanced confinement are able to improve by adjusting the shape dimensions of T-grooves. The effects of bend radius of 90° T-grooves waveguide on propagation performance are analyzed, and the good transmission characteristics of waveguides with small bend radius are verified. The experimental verifications of the T-grooves plasmonic waveguide filter and 3 dB power divider in microwave region are realized, S21-parameter of waveguide filter is very close to 0 dB from 0 GHz to 5.6 GHz. And 3 dB power divider achieves very good power equipartition from 0 GHz to 5.5 GHz.A spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) waveguide structure with periodic T-grooves is proposed and investigated in this paper. Compared to the conventional plasmonic waveguide with periodic rectangular-grooves, the proposed waveguide support the guided SSPPs wave with enhanced propagation confinement. Moreover, the waveguide with T-grooves can achieve 39.4% decrease in length compared with the rectangular-grooves waveguide. The propagation properties of the SSPPs with enhanced confinement are able to improve by adjusting the shape dimensions of T-grooves. The effects of bend radius of 90° T-grooves waveguide on propagation performance are analyzed, and the good transmission characteristics of waveguides with small bend radius are verified. The experimental verifications of the T-grooves plasmonic waveguide filter and 3 dB power divider in microwave region are realized, S21-parameter of waveguide filter is very close to 0 dB from 0 GHz to 5.6 GHz. And 3 dB power divider achieves very good power equipar...


Infant mental health seems to be firmly on the agenda in Australia, with two centres of study, Sydney and Melbourne, producing important work in this field. Clinical Skills in Infant Mental Health has been co-written by Dr Louise Newman, child and adolescent psychiatrist and Director of the New South Wales Institute of Psychiatry in Sydney, psychologist Beulah Warren, child and family psychiatrist, Dr Sarah Mares, who is also Director of Clinical Teaching and Research at the NSW Institute of Psychiatry, and Karen Cornish, a writer specialising in mental health. In August 2007, the International Journal of Infant Observation was devoted to articles on infant observation in Australia. It was guest-edited by Frances Thomson Salo, psychoanalyst and Senior Lecturer at the University of Melbourne in Parent and Infant Mental Health, who with Campbell Paul, infant psychiatrist at the Royal Children's Hospital and Associate Professor at the University of Melbourne, has co-edited the second edition of The Baby as Subject. Clinical Skills in Infant Mental Health is an excellent resource for anyone considering working in this area, looking for teaching material, or wanting to convince managers of the importance of infant mental health. It is above all a reference book intended, as its authors make clear, as a guide for students, as well as for those already working in the field. It is packed with easily accessible information and a full bibliography, as well as being in paperback, and is well laid out and portable. This contrasts with Charles Zeanah's seminal Handbook of Infant Mental Health, which I bought some time ago and find myself put off from consulting, largely because of its weight and layout in double columns. Clinical Skills in Infant Mental Health also functions as a handbook and predictably covers much of the same ground although, as its title makes clear, it aims to provide a general introductory approach to clinical practice. When so many books in this field are multi-authored, as is the Handbook of Infant Mental Health, for example, it comes as a relief to find a book written in collaboration with but one voice. The Foreword (p. iii) acknowledges that 'there has been a recent shift of emphasis from the mother–infant focus that characterised earlier writing and research, to a focus on infant–caregiver relationships.' From the perspective of a child psychotherapist, it is heartening to read that the authors believe that it is crucial to understand that emotional growth occurs in the context of relationships, and that infant mental health deserves to be taken seriously. The four sections of the book entitled, 'Clinical framework', 'The early infant– parent relationship', 'The toddler period' and 'Parents and society' are respectively sub-divided into chapters, laid out in textbook style, to produce a comprehensive guide to every imaginable nook and cranny of the subject; chapters are headed with a list of key concepts and principles, and end with a summary and additional reading pertinent to that chapter. In addition, each chapter on clinical work contains a section entitled 'Assessment, formulation and intervention' and case examples are used to give life to particular subjects. The first section – 'Clinical framework' – is broken down into an introductory chapter which along the way poses the question 'What is infant mental health?' before progressing to 'Influences in the field of infant mental health', which includes a JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOTHERAPY


Seven synthetic tetrahydroquinolines with different substitution patterns were obtained by an imino Diels-Alder condensation reaction and were evaluated against phytopathogenic fungi. Compounds with a methoxy group showed interesting activity against Cladosporium cladosporoides with a MIC value of 13.75 μg/mL


The interfacial modification effect of the molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) buffer layer inserted between Al and black phosphorus (BP) was investigated with photoemission spectroscopy. The results show that MoO3 buffer layer can effectively prevent the destruction of the outermost BP lattice by Al thermal deposition and change the interface electronic structure between Al and BP. At the MoO3/BP interface, there is an interface dipole pointing from MoO3 to BP. During the metal deposition process, an interfacial chemical reaction between Al and MoO3 was found. These observations would provide insight for fabricating high-performance BP-based devices.


What are we to make of Achille's imaginary return to Africa in Derek Walcott's Omeros? Is it a rejection of Walcott's earlier theme of postcolonial nostalgia for lost origins? Does it lead to a different conception of postcolonial identity away from notions of new world hybridity and heterogeneity that Walcott had espoused earlier, or is it a complex figuring of racial identity for the Afro-Caribbean subject? My essay answers these questions through a reading of the specific intertextual moments in the poem's return to Africa passage. The presence of allusions and textual fragments from Virgil's Aeneid, Homer's Odyssey, and James Joyce's Ulysses in this particular passage of Omeros (Book 3) has not received much critical attention so far. Through the use of these modular texts, I argue that Omeros not only transforms the postcolonial genre of a curative return to origins and fashions a distinctive literary landscape but also imagines a postcolonial subjectivity that negotiates the polarity between origins and the absence of origins or a fragmented new world identity.


The definition of obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) proposed by Hart et al 1 raises two questions that we have tried to answer briefly in this letter.

First, previous definitions of OHS included obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA); Hart et al have excluded it. Why? OSA is present in most patients with OHS and is partly responsible for the hypercapnia.2 We believe that it is …


In considering the trade‐off between second‐order nonlinearity and transparency, a new organic molecular crystal 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxy‐benzaldehyde (MHBA) has been grown from solution by the temperature lowering method for the first time. MHBA belongs to the monoclinic system, and its space group is P21. The unit cell dimensions are: a=14.057, b=7.875, c=15.037 A with β=115.45°. The powder second harmonic generation of MHBA is 30 times higher than that of urea and the cutoff wavelength is 370 nm.


Lanthanoid complexes with 1-l-menthyloxy-3-benzoylacetone, [Ln(l-moba)3(H2O)n] (Ln=La, Pr, Nd, Eu, Dy, Ho, Tm; n=0, 1, or 2), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight determinations, and electronic, circular dichroism, and luminescence spectra. The molecular weight determinations suggest that the complexes are in a monomer-dimer equilibrium in nondonating solvents while they are monomeric in donating solvents. The complexes exhibit fairly intense circular dichroisms at the f-f band region, demonstrating the stereoselective formation of an enantiomer. The stereoselectivities have been discussed in terms of the intramolecular interligand CH/π-interaction operating between the phenyl and the menthyl groups of the ligands. [Eu(l-moba)3(H2O)] shows luminescence at the 5D0→7F1 and 5D0→7F2 transitions in benzene. Based on the concentration dependence of the luminescence, it is demonstrated that dimerization facilitates nonradiative relaxation and greatly reduces the quantum...


This paper presents an aberrational analysis of a single-lens compensation setup for monitoring concave nonspherical surfaces of revolution with and without an intermediate image of a point source of radiation. Relationships are obtained that determine the functional possibilities of an additional lens in the Offner layout, located close to the center of curvature at the axial point of the test surface.


Abstract The Rayleigh–Ritz method has been used to study the transverse vibrations of skew plates of variable thickness with different combinations of boundary conditions at the four edges. The two-dimensional thickness variation is taken as the Cartesian product of linear variations along the two concurrent edges of the plate. The first three frequencies and mode shapes have been computed by using successive approximations. Convergence of results is ensured by working out several approximations until the results converge to four significant digits. In special cases, comparisons have been made with results that are available in the literature. Mode shapes have also been plotted for some selected cases.


This study set national identity, democratic citizen's virtues, and multicultural belief as influencing factors of an early childhood teacher's competence in unification education, and intended to verify the mediating effect of democratic citizen's virtues and multicultural belief with the national identity of early childhood teachers as an independent variable and early childhood teacher's competence in unification education as a dependent variable. The significance of this study is in how it has suggested the purpose and direction of teacher education for unification education of infants by identifying the correlation between influencing factors on an early childhood teacher's competence in unification education and prepared basic data for teacher education so as to increase early childhood teacher's competence in unification education.


The fifteen years between 2053 and 2072 in the Nepalese calendar (approximately 1996 to 2015 in the Gregorian calendar) were potentially dramatic for rural development in Nepal. A twenty year market oriented, Asian Development Bank funded and technically assisted, national Agriculture Perspective Plan (APP) was in the early stage of implementation and a Maoist movement was about to launch an armed struggle in rural area that would become a national civil war lasting ten years. The APP had envisioned agriculture intensification for agriculture based economic growth adequate to generate employment to combat poverty in Nepal. The comparison of two Nepal Living Standards Surveys (NLSS) results from 1995/96 and 2010/11 suggests that agricultural production has not changed substantially in the topographically advantaged west rural plains (terai) areas, where the Maoist insurgency had relatively small direct influence. Overall, the Nepalese economy appears to be both moving away from agriculture (share of non-farm income rising from 15% to almost 40%) and feminising (women headed households in the rural western terai rising from under 9% to over 24%). However, over fifteen years there have been significant changes in the livelihood patterns of different caste/ethnic/religious groups. This paper deals with identified five different types of changed behaviour to show the range of responses and links are made to misrecognised key elements in political economy of Nepal, the Maoist insurgency and the Nepal State conflict.


The antioxidation effect of Dahongpao Yancha was studied by the flow-injection chemiluminescence.It has shown that Dahongpao Yancha can effectively restrain the chemiluminescence of luminol induced by super oxygen anion free radical,and the strength of the chemiluminescence presented the descending trend with the increasing of the concentration of Dahongpao Yancha,and Dahongpao Yancha has stated antioxidation effect.


Both oscillatory and non-oscillatory components of PA signals in CdS single crystals excited by a Q-switched ruby laser were observed by PTZ transducer. Longitudinal thickness mode of CdS sample and PTZ transducer were identified through the analysis of the frequencies of the oscillatory components. Two-photon nature of the absorption process is elucidated from the intensity and polarization dependence of the signals. A simple model can reasonably account for the observed wave form and its dependence on intensity and polarization.


Web technologies have developed rapidly because web applications are currently leading the trends in software development. In the face of emerging security issues, preventing software security vulnerabilities is a great concern for developers, vendors, and customers. In fact, the cross-site scripting (XSS) attack is a very popular type of attack that causes security vulnerabilities in web systems. However, when testing to detect XSS attacks for web applications, optimizing the test paths still has some problems with the time or space of the test paths. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method to solve this problem. Our approach uses Q-learning in generating automated test paths to test XSS vulnerabilities for web applications. The proposed method consists of generating the graph of the web application, setting the weight for the graph, building the memory matrix, and generating test paths. We have experimented proposed approach with the online learning website system. The experimental results show a significant reduction in the number of test paths and this helps to reduce the test case space and test time to detect XSS vulnerabilities of web applications.


Purpose
The purposes of this study were to determine the food intake purchased from the canteens or markets nearby schools; to estimate the percent intakes of energy and nutrients from canteens and markets nearby the schools as a percent of total energy and nutrient intakes; and to evaluate the association between dietary intake of energy and nutrients eaten from school canteens and markets nearby the school and body weight status.

Design/methodology/approach
A sample of 398 students, aged 14–18 years, was recruited from schools in Amman/Jordan. Students' body weights and heights were measured and socio-demographic data and three days food record were collected.

Findings
The intakes of boy students from school canteens were significantly higher than those of girls in carbohydrate (g) (125 ± 6 vs 106 ± 6; p = 0.015), energy from saturated fatty acid (Kcal) (97 ± 4 vs 84 ± 5; p = 0.006), sugar (g) (43 ± 3 vs 35 ± 2; p = 0.009) and fiber (g) (6 ± 0 vs 6 ± 0; p = 0.02). Regarding food groups consumed from markets nearby schools, there were significant differences between boys and girls intake (in which the higher intake was detected in girls as compared to boys) of sweets (g) (4 ± 1 vs 3 ± 2; p = 0.017), soft drinks (ml) (28 ± 5 vs 20 ± 5; p = 0.024) and milk (ml)/milk substitutes (g) (5 ± 2 vs 0 ± 0; p = 0.001). Sugar-sweetened beverages and crackers/snacks consumption was significantly higher in boys as compared to girls. There was a significant relationship between BMI and intakes of sugar, fat, vitamin E and calcium from school canteens.

Originality/value
The contribution of foods from canteens and markets nearby schools was high, with high content of fats, salt and sugar, implying that there is a vital need to establish a strategy and plan of action to fight malnutrition and reduce the intake of unhealthy foods in the school environment in Jordan.


Spinal cord injury (SCI) resulting in loss of motor function can be caused by a variety of conditions, ranging from traumatic to neoplastic to infectious. It is estimated that nearly 300,000 individuals live with the effects of SCI in the United States alone (National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center, 2016). Current treatment modalities for patients suffering from SCI are primarily supportive, with no therapeutic options for restoration of significant function (Thuret et al., 2006). In addition to the devastating effects on individual patients, the persistence of SCI-related deficits also leads to a significant economic impact. The most recent estimate of lifetime SCI-related costs for an American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A patient with high tetraplegia is well over $4.5 million dollars (National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center, 2016).


We examined the protective effects of the trypsin inhibitor, urinastatin, extracted from human urine in experimental acute pancreatitis in conscious rats. Acute pancreatitis was induced by four subcutaneous injections of 20 μg/kg body weight of cerulein at hourly intervals. Urinastatin at a dose of 50,000 U/kg body weightl6.5 h was given by continuous i.v. infusion beginning 0.5 h before the first cerulein injection and continuing until 3 h after the last one, for a total of 6.5 h. Urinastatin significantly reduced serum levels of amylase, lipase, and anionic trypsin(ogen) but did not affect pancreatic wet weight or protein or enzyme content. Urinastatin also significantly reduced the degree of acinar cell vacuolization, interstitial edema, and cellular infiltration. These results suggest that urinastatin does not block the induction of acute pancreatitis by cerulein but does substantially reduce its seventy.


The status of bacteria leaching applied to copper,gold and uranium ore is explained.In bacteria leaching,there are direct,indirect and combined functions.According mechanism of bacteria leaching,the chemical reaction formula for leaching of copper and uranium ore is given.The development future of bacteria leaching is prospected.


CHIEF COMPLAINT: RASH AND FEVERCaseA 7-month-old boy was referred to the pediatric emergency department with a concerning rash. The patient, who has a history of von Willebrand disease, had a 1-week prodrome of cough, conjunctivitis, and rhinorrhea. During his first visit to the pediatrician, there


Students and general long distance runners carried out 1600m run for 24 hours and their physical functions were measured with lapse of the relay. Following results were obtained. 1) Prolongation of mean running time of student long distance runners in 1600m runs appeared at about 8th-10th runs, 12.8-16.0km, but that of general long distance runners did at 5th-6th runs, 8-9.6km. 2) There was plus correlation between mean of running time and its standard deviation in 1600m runs. It was r=0.55 and its regression equation was Y=0.58X162.3. But these of general long distance runners were r=0.53 and Y=0.358X-97.3, respectively. 3) Decreased body weight from 1st-8th run was great and succesive, and occupied about 30%-70% of final decreased body weight. Thereafter, increase or decrease of the body weight was repeated and the time course became slow. There were some runners who showed large and succesive decreased body weight with the runs through the competition. The decreased body weight during the competition was influenced by the wind velocity, which supressed it considerably. 4) Heart rate of a student long distance runner during 1600m run reached 180189 beats per minute every run. Resting heart rate of general and student long distance groups showed circadian rhythm during the competition, but that of student runners was higher through the competition and their systolic pressure shows a tendency to below in later period of the competition. 5) Threshold of knee jerk was low in the initial few runs and thereafter showed circadian rhythm. Reaction time to light was also facilitated in the initial runs and thereafter prolonged about 30msec and maintained till the end of the competition. Frequency of subjective symptoms increased with number of the runs. At middle of the competition, it came over Sakai's standard and the A, B and C symptoms at the end of the competition were 33.0%, 20.0% and 25.0%, respectively. 6) Calorie intake per day of the student long distance runners was in the range of 1240-2540Cal. Total energy consumption was estimated 7457Cal. per day. 7) Blood glucose of the student long distance runners mostly unchanged through the competition, but serum triglyceride and total phospholipids significantly decreased and inversely serum free fatty acids prolongly mobilized. (J. Physical Fithness Japan 1980, 29 33•`44)


In this study, the efficiency of the low speed high torque gerotor hydraulic motor for mobile hydraulic was investigated. A gerotor with the floating outer ring is rarely described in literature. The purpose of this paper was to analyse the influence of the size of the holes in the valve plate on the total efficiency of the gerotor. A very high total efficiency was obta ined with the hole size of Φ6,3 mm. In that case, the total efficiency was on average 5 % higher in comparison to th e initial hole size of Φ5,5 mm. Some tribological tests have been performed. We investigated relationship between surface roughness, contact force and friction. The minimum friction was 0,077.


The force on a movable vane which covers the exit of a tube is related to the pressure at the tube entrance. This principle can be utilized in the construction of a "vane" gauge. The gauge could become an absolute measuring instrument if the correlation between the force on the vane and the pressure at the tube inlet were known. The Monte Carlo method was used to determine this correlation in the free molecular flow regime for a co-axial vane placed at various distances from the end of the tube. Calculations are made of the ratio of the force on the vane to the force on a hypothetical disk replacing the tube entrance. This study revealed that, for short, thin-walled tubes and for a large vane, the force on the vane is fairly insensitive to the amount of separation between the vane and the tube as long as this separation is less than about one half a tube radius. However, for longer tubes, the force on the vane falls off quite rapidly as the vane is moved away from the tube end. The opposite effect was fou...


Quantum computing architectures where atom-laser interactions form the basis of qubit manipulation, such as trapped ion and Rydberg systems, are leading the progress towards universal quantum computation. M Squared is developing many of the advanced laser systems that are underpinning this progress, including systems that are designed to implement quantum logic gates with optical and hyperfine qubits with high fidelity. High power systems that are enabling the scaling of qubit numbers are also being developed. These systems are described, along with an account of how the requirements of lasers for quantum computing experiments are expected to evolve in the future.


Statistical downscaling techniques are used to translate global climate scenarios into local impact forecasts. In this study, I propose a new algorithm for downscaling by using a linear mixed-effect state-space model (LMESS). The rationale to use this model in a climate data context is that it allows for both time-varying and fixed relations between dependent and explanatory variables. My findings show the importance of identifying the correct random and fixed effects. I develop a new method for selection based on the state-space formulation with fixed parameters by Chow (1984). I apply the proposed methods to climate data at five different weather stations in the Netherlands. My findings show that the LMESS model is not able to consistently outperform a multivariate linear regression forecast method.


DEVELOPMENTS in colonial Mexican history over the past thirty years have an excitement of their own. A generation ago students in this field seemed to be completing an established cycle without having yet decided upon any new directions for the future. Many young scholars in Mexican studies chose to work in the history of the nineteenth or twentieth centuries, periods that had until then received relatively little serious attention. Anthropology for a time seemed to have more to say about Mexico than did history. Then gradually colonial studies began their recovery. New methods and new points of view made their appearance. Led by persons capable of seeing the subject from new vantage points-Silvio Zavala and Jose' Miranda in Mexico, Lesley Byrd Simpson and Woodrow Borah in the United States, Fran,ois Chevalier in France-historians of colonial Mexico began a process of reinterpretation that is still under way. The methodological innovations came principally from social science. The conceptual models were European, particularly French. But each new method and each new concept had to be made congruent with the known colonial Mexican ambiente. Applied to the body of information that was already in existence, and reinforced with new data from the archives, these influences are now in process of transforming the field. The material dealt with in this article is abundant and complex. I propose to treat it first in relation to the conventional sub-periodsthe age of conquest, the post-conquest sixteenth century, the seven-


With the advent of interactive Web 2.0 (and beyond) technologies, the role of consumer brand engagement (CBE), which focuses on the consumer's investment in their brand interactions, is of rapidly growing importance. Despite growing recognition of CBE's importance in virtual brand communities, empirically-derived insight into its drivers, dynamics, and outcomes remains limited, as investigated in this study. Responding to this gap, we explore the effect of consumers' brand community identification and reward on CBE, which we posit to subsequently affect brand loyalty. To investigate our hypotheses, we conducted a survey with 602 Facebook users. Our structural equation modeling results reveal brand community identification's and reward's positive effect on CBE, and a positive effect of CBE on brand loyalty. In addition, our findings reveal CBE's partial mediating effect in the association of brand community identification and reward with brand loyalty. Theoretically, our findings further insight into CBE's virtual community- based dynamics, with a focus on the role of community identification and reward. Practically, our results identify the key role of nurturing virtual community identification and the offering of reward to engage consumers.


Communication research has largely sought to explore how users come to consume media. This study examines audience selection of entertainment media, in particular television program genres streamed in the online environment. By drawing from social cognitive theory, it is the aim of this study to investigate whether acts of emotional self-regulation can provide an explanation for selective exposure to media entertainment. In an experimental setting, mood management theory and social cognitive theory are pitted against each other in determining content preference under the influence of sad moods. Putting all subjects in a sad mood, and manipulating habit strengths for comedic and dramatic content, it is predicted that subjects whose emotional self-regulation is depleted will select more habitual entertainment video options than non-depleted subjects.


Aims: To investigate the relative antimicrobial activity of clindamycin phosphate (CP) and clindamycin (Cly) and to examine the effect of skin homogenates on the activity of CP.


Based on the connection between the categorical derivation of classical programs from specifications and a category-theoretic approach to quantum information, this paper contributes to extending the laws of classical program algebra to quantum programming. This aims at building correct-by-construction quantum circuits to be deployed on quantum devices such as those available through the IBM Q Experience. Reversibility is ensured by minimal complements. Such complementation is extended inductively to encompass catamorphisms on lists (vulgo folds), giving rise to the corresponding recursion scheme in reversible computation. The same idea is then applied to the setting of quantum programming, where computation is expressed by unitary transformations. This yields the notion of 'quantamorphism', a structural form of quantum recursion implementing cycles and folds on lists with quantum control flow. By Kleisli correspondence, quantamorphisms can be written as monadic functional programs with quantum parameters. This enables the use of Haskell, a monadic functional programming language, to perform the experimental work. Such calculated quantum programs prepared in Haskell are pushed through Quipper and the Qiskit interface to IBM Q quantum devices. The generated quantum circuits – often quite large – exhibit the predicted behaviour. However, running them on real quantum devices naturally incurs a significant amount of errors. As quantum technology is rapidly evolving, an increase in reliability is likely in the future, allowing for our programs to run more accurately.


that Dodger Stadium featured several exciting design moves, though he critiques its private financing, Hollywood glamour, and disengaged audiences. "But what a stadium," Lisle writes, "it was" (96). Given Lisle's overall achievement with Modern Coliseum, which elevates postwar stadiums to a critical place in the history of the twentiethcentury city, these quibbles are minor. His wideranging methodology ultimately illuminates these stadiums less as stunning architectural designs than as cultural products through which one can read inequality, hierarchy, and power— in addition to innovation and spectacle.


Stephens, Gene, Madsen, MacVicar, and Rod soft white winter wheat, and Rohde winter white club wheat were drill-strip tested for grain yield, protein, and other agronomic traits on the Bill Guthrie Farm, near Prineville, Oregon.


The history of the development of the science of radiological physics is reviewed with emphasis on changes in basic concepts of the nature of the physical processes and chemical reactions induced in tissue by radiation. (C.H.)


This study assesses the potential for manufacturing diamond-coated, cutting tool inserts by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PA-CVD), an emerging technology expected to compete with the static, high-pressure sintering method presently used for the commercial production of polycrystalline diamond composite (PDC) coatings on tool inserts. Using a 4-step manufacturing model based upon microwave PA-CVD for diamond growth, insert manufacturing costs were estimated for three technology scenarios, representing the present (1988, 1st generation) near-term (1990-1999, 2nd generation), and possible long-term (2,000+, 3rd generation) development of diamond PA-CVD technology. Model calculations were then analyzed to provide research guidance on insert manufacturing characteristics, insert performance, and insert life required for the development of markets for thin (1-25 micron) and thick (500-1,000 micron) CVD-diamond-coated inserts. Analysis shows that present technology requires a prohibitively large investment in multiple reactors to grow thin-diamond-coated inserts in commercial quantities. However, technology now under development shows promise for the economical manufacture of thin-diamond-coated inserts, provided tough, adherent coatings can be achieved at high yield. The US market for thin-diamond-coated WC-Co inserts could approach 2M inserts ($25M) by the year 2000. Thick, CVD-diamond-coated inserts (500-1,000 microns), necessary for the most demanding cutting applications, will require development of new technology to bemore » competitive with sintered PDC inserts.« less


p c a Infection within the pleural space has posed a management dilemma for physicians since the time of Hippocrates. Despite advances in medical treatment for pneumonia, the incidence of both complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema is increasing in both the United States and the United Kingdom.1,2 The impact of the problem is significant; with up to one-third of patients progressing to surgical decortication and drainage and overall mortality ranging from 10%-20%.1,3 Complete drainage of the infection is the key management principle. Systemic antibiotic therapy and drainage of the pleural space via tube thoracostomy constitute first-line management, with surgical drainage reserved for those with complicated effusions, development of a pleural "peel or rind," or uncontrolled pleural sepsis. Adjunctive administration of pleural fibrinolytic agents, such as tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), through an indwelling thoracostomy tube has been well-described. The intent of treatment is to dissolve the fibrinous septa forming pleural loculation. Although several retrospective series reported improved therapeutic efficacy, the first randomized trial of this approach, the Multicenter Intrapleural Sepsis Trial (MIST1), showed no benefit to the addition of intrapleural streptokinase in this patient population.4 A subsequent meta-analysis assessing the use of intrapleural fibrinolytic agents also identified no benefit over traditional pleural drainage.5 These findings, coupled with increased experience with thoracoscopic techniques for decortication and pleural drainage, resulted in a shift toward early surgical management of patients with complicated effusions. In contrast to the poor success by using a single


OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel nanosuspensions in rats and tissue distribution in the mice.METHODS After intravenous administration of paclitaxel injection and paclitaxel nanosuspensions to rats,plasma were collected at 5,10,15,30 min,1,2,4,6,8,12 h and tissue samples were collected at 5,15,30 min,1,2,4,8,12 h.Paclitaxel concentrations were determined by HPLC in order to evaluate paclitaxel distribution and targeting performance.RESULTS In plasma,t1/2(β) of paclitaxel nanosuspensions and paclitaxel injection were calculated to be 5.65±0.74 and 3.77±0.35 h,respectively;AUCs were estimated to be(5.20±0.43) and(20.34±1.12) μg·h·mL-1,respectively;MRTs were(3.20±0.42) and(2.75±0.34) h,and CL were(2.05±0.22) and(0.56±0.19) L·kg-1·h-1,respectively.The study of distribution in mice showed that nanosuspensions significantly increased the paclitaxel concentration in the organ like liver and spleen.CONCLUSION The results indicated that paclitaxel nanosuspension may decrease the side effects in heart and kidney and have a long residence time in the recirculation system.


Now that time has passed since the introduction of the euro as a commercial currency, it is possible to assess many arguments made in the abstract during the 1990s about European monetary union. This article shows that the euro zone still falls short as an optimal currency area in most respects. In particular, it undertakes an empirical analysis of the labour market and finds no progress toward flexibility or integration. These results challenge assertions of 'endogenous currency area' proponents that the euro area would become optimal 'after the fact', and that labour markets would serve as the principal avenue of adjustment. Instead, a 'rigidity trap' has developed in the euro area, consisting of relatively tight monetary policy, forced fiscal consolidation, and a risk of deflation in some economies. These conditions have compounded the difficulties of structural adjustment in European labour markets.


INTRODUCTION: Atrial fibrillation, nowadays, has been treated surgically by the maze procedure and its modifications. However, there is some evidence that points to the pulmonary vein ostia as trigger point for this arrhythmia. We postulate a surgical approach of pulmonary vein isolation or left atrial isolation in order to treat this disease. In this study we show the initial results of this technique in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation associated with mitral valve disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven patients were operated on by pulmonary vein isolation (IVP) and compared to the past results of the 57 patients in which the maze procedure had been done (Cox 3). RESULTS: Age - 49±8 years vs. 49±11 years (IVP vs. Cox 3), 71% and 72% (IVP vs. Cox 3) were female. Left atrium size was 5.5±0.7 cm vs. 6.0±1.1 cm (IVP vs. Cox 3). Ventricular EF 63±10% vs. 64±6% (IVP vs. Cox 3). Extracorporeal circulation time 91±33 min vs.104±29 min (IVP vs. Cox 3). Aortic cross-clamping 71±23 min vs. 83±26 min (IVP vs. Cox 3). Cardiac rhythm: sinusal / atrial n(%): 6(86) vs. 46(80) (IVP vs. Cox 3). Cardiac pace rhythm n(%):1 (14) vs. 4 (7) (IVP vs. Cox 3). Atrial fibrillation n(%):0 vs. 7 (13) (IVP vs. Cox 3). CONCLUSIONS: The initial results show sinus rhythm restoration and its maintenance. We have already started a double-blind randomized trial between these two surgical techniques.


The fishing biological bases of the main species that sustain the artisanal fishing in La Libertad were characterized, the sample was obtained at random from the artisanal landings in the Ports of Pacasmayo, Malabrigo, Salaverry and Port Morin fishermen village. The sampled species were lorna, suco, cachema, lisa and mojarrilla. The fishing areas for the Port Morin fishermen village were La Antena and La Granja, in Port Salaverry: El Molon and Las Delicias, for Port Malabrigo: Macabi and El Milagro and in Port Pacasmayo: Poemape and La Barranca. The average size of capture was below the established legal minimum size. The spawning time was seasonal and different for each species. The growth for all the species was allometric. The virtual population analysis indicates that the species are captured starting from the first year of age (lorna) until the 5 years (cachema and suco). The rate of exploitation is over the rate of the optimal exploitation rate, to exception of mojarrilla . In conclusion, the species are in risk of collapsing for not existing an appropriate recovery of the stock, to exception of mojarrilla, reason why it is necessary to establish regulation measures.


According to the characteristics of tubular linear induction motor,its mathematic model in α-β coordinate system is built,and a simple general simulation model of tubular linear induction motor is given based on the SIMULINK function of MATLAB software.The simulation model is applied to a practical example for simulation and FEA the transient operation characteristics of starting process of the signal-phase capacitor tubular linear induction motor.In addition, both the sudden load and phase commutation to the motor steady operation are simulated.The results are basically identical with experiment data,and verified the effectiveness and practicability of the simulation model.


Magnetic carbon nanotube composites were obtained by filling carbon nanotubes with paramagnetic iron oxide particles. Measurements indicate that these functionalized nanotubes are superparamagnetic at room temperature. Details about the production and characterization of these materials are described along with the experimental procedures employed. These magnetic carbon nanotubes have the potential to be used in a wide range of applications, in particular, the production of nanofluids, which can be controlled by appropriate magnetic fields.


Objectives  The objectives were to explore the processes involved in a pilot Medicines Use Review (MUR) service in Auckland, New Zealand, and to investigate service providers' and patients' views of the service.


For the longest time in Earth's history, life evolved in microbial communities. It is, however, still incompletely understood how, when and where their habitats formed and how microbial communities adopted to drastic changes of the atmosphere-hydrosphere-lithosphere systems through deep time. Stromatolites, i.e., lithified microbial mats that occur in sedimentary successions from at least 3.4 billion years ago until today, may hold the geochemical key to our understanding of the evolution of microbial life on Earth and may also provide a blueprint for planetary studies. We here show how novel isotope applications in stromatolites can be used to reconstruct the environmental conditions of the habitats in which the earliest life on Earth thrived. Although the behaviour and fractionation processes in stromatolites and microbial mats are partly incompletely understood, the different isotope proxies (such as Fe, Mo, Cr, U, Cd and Ba) have unique potential to better understand redox conditions, metal availability and (biogenic) metal cycling processes in microbial habitats. We provide deep insights into each isotope application and its future perspectives to bridge the gap between geochemistry and microbiology and better understand the evolution of microbial life on Earth and beyond.


A 69-year-old male presented to our rural urology practice with macroscopic haematuria for investigation in April 2011. He is an ex-smoker of 30 years and has no other risk factors for bladder cancer. His urine cytology was positive for malignancy, and an ultrasound with subsequent computed tomography (CT) urogram revealed a 5-cm heterogeneous echogenic mass protruding from the right wall of his urinary bladder. At cystoscopy, the mass was located on the right side of the dome of the bladder, and histopathology from transurethral resection specimen (Figs 1, 2) revealed a pathological stage T2 small cell carcinoma of the bladder (SCCB). Staging CT and positron emission tomography scan revealed a metabolically active right pelvic lymph node in keeping with metastatic nodal disease (Fig. 3). Following discussion at our multidisciplinary meeting, the patient was started on six cycles of chemotherapy (carboplatin and etoposide) with concurrent radiotherapy. Re-staging CT in November 2011 showed a reduction in the right lateral bladder wall thickening with no lymphadenopathy or metastasis. On subsequent surveillance cystoscopy with transurethral resection of previous scar and random bladder biopsies, there was no evidence of malignancy. He developed macroscopic haematuria again 2 years following his initial diagnosis, and was found to have positive urine cytology but an unremarkable CT urogram. Rigid cystoscopy revealed a 5-cm superficial looking tumour on the right lateral wall. Histopathology of transurethral resection specimen (Fig. 1) revealed a high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma with extensive carcinoma-in-situ component without stromal or muscularis propria invasion (i.e. grade 3 pTa and carcinoma in situ). He underwent an induction course of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin, and 3 months later his urine cytology and rigid cystoscopy with random bladder biopsies did not reveal any further evidence of malignancy. SCCB is rare and comprises less than 1% of all bladder cancer. Metachronous urothelial carcinoma following bladder-preserving management such as this case is even rarer, with only three cases reported previously. These cases highlight the importance of regular surveillance cystoscopy in these patients, despite a lack of clear follow-up protocol for patients with SCCB. SCCB is an aggressive tumour and frequently presents as locally advanced or metastatic disease. It carries a poor 5-year survival ranging from 16% to 40%, with patients with extensive disease (TxNxM1 or TxN2-3M0) doing worse than those with limited disease (T1-4N0-1M0). Risk factors for SCCB include smoking, male sex, advanced age and Caucasian origin. Because of its rarity, current knowledge of the disease is limited to small retrospective studies at major academic centres. Diagnosis of SCCB on histopathology is by characteristic features such as uniformly small, round to oval cells with sparse cytoplasm and overlapping nuclei. Immunohistochemistry staining for neuron specific enolase, synaptophysin, chromogranin and CAM5.2 can also aid the diagnosis. SCCB frequently coexists with another non-SCCB bladder tumour, ranging from 68% to 88%. Most commonly, SCCB coexists with urothelial carcinoma, but infrequently also with squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. Management of SCCB involves a multimodality approach and differs for limited versus extensive disease. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment to improve survival, as surgery alone without chemotherapy is often inadequate. Cystectomy may not improve survival; therefore, a bladder-preserving tri-modality


The utility model relates to a liquid desanding device during oil field production. The liquid desanding device is a high pressure desander whole-set device which comprises a left desanding jar, a right desanding jar, liquid inlets, liquid outlets and sand discharge openings. The left and the right desanding jars are provided with the inlets, the outlets and the sand discharge openings; sieves are arranged in the left and the right desanding jars; the liquid inlets are communicated with the liquid outlets through first connection pipe members, and an inlet cross joint, a through conduit gate valve and an outlet cross joint are orderly arranged on each first connection pipe member in a direction from the liquid inlets and the liquid outlets; and the inlet cross joints are respectively communicated with the inlets of the left and the right desanding jars through second connection pipe members. The utility model has reasonable and compact structure and is conveniently used; due to the capability of effectively removing the sand and other solid impurities in the liquid produced in a pitshaft of an oil gas well.


Policymakers globally have debated (and often implemented) the idea of consolidating numerous financial regulatory supervisory entities into one unitary entity. This article uses a computational model to explore the effect such a decision would have on supervisory performance. Using insights from organizational scholarship on consensus-making among individuals within organizations, the simulation suggests that under most conditions a unitary supervisory entity yields lower performance than smaller, numerous entities with unique mandates, keeping the number of regulatory inspectors constant. This result arises from the heterogeneity of perspectives being shared within the entity and the influence of precedent actions. The results also show a decreasing utility to disaggregation: performance decreases when too few inspectors share among themselves in building consensus. When insufficient heterogeneity within supervisors exists, unitary frameworks outperform multi-entity frameworks. These findings have implications on the design of supervisory frameworks and contribute to research on consensus-building, heterogeneous group membership, and computational modeling.


Under consideration are the technological peculiarities of the production and construction of modern field silicon nanotransistors (FSNT), including teracycle transistors (TCT), their performance capabilities and limit properties are analyzed


Continuous analytic current (-) voltage (I-V) model for cylindrical doped surrounding-gate MOSFETs (SGMOSFETs) is presented. Starting from Poissonpsilas equation, the dopant effect is considered approximately by a superposition principle with the exact channel potential and the charge equations in the depletion approximation. The current equation based on the unified charge control model without any charge-sheet approximation is valid for all the operation regions (linear, saturation, and subthreshold) and traces the transition between them without any fitting parameters. In the case of the SGMOSFETs with the fully-depleted condition, the results simulated from the SGMOSFET model reproduce various 3D simulation results within 5% errors.


—Four species of shallow water caridean shrimp new to the Mexican fauna are reported. The specimens were collected along the coast of the state of Nayarit and at Isla Isabel, Mexico. Prionalpheus nayaritae, new species, represents the first occurrence of this rare genus in the eastern Pacific. The new species can be recognized by the presence of asymmetrical mandibles, a characteristic of Prionalpheus. Three other new records extend the previous known distributions from Panama (Alpheus firmus), Colombia (Synalpheus bannerorum), and Hawaii and Clipperton Island (Processa hawaiensis), to continental Mexico. Morphological differences with specimens used in previous descriptions or reports are provided. The shallow water caridean shrimp fauna from the Pacific coast of Mexico and their distribution have been studied by Rios & Carvacho (1983a, 1983b), Wicksten (1983, 1984), Rios (1989, 1992), Hendrickx (1992), and Wicksten & Hendrickx (1992). Although these studies have focused primarily on the Gulf of California, the overall distribution of the species has been summarized. According to these authors 119 species of caridean shrimp have been reported to occur along the Pacific coast of Mexico, belonging to 11 families and 51 genera (Wicksten & Hendrickx 1992). In this study we present the description of a new species, Prionalpheus nayaritae, the first species of the genus to be found in the eastern Pacific. Prionalpheus was erected by Banner & Banner (1960) to accommodate specimens of Alpheidae in which the mouth parts were entirely unlike those of any other genus of the family. It is a rare genus known only from 21 specimens belonging to six species, of which five are from the Indo-Pacific and one from the Caribbean (Banner & Banner 1982, Bruce 1986, Martinez & Carvacho 1991). In addition, new records of three species previously unknown from Mexico are presented. Two records are for species of the family Alpheidae, which is the most diverse in the Mexican Pacific (42% of the caridean species), and one belonging to the family Processidae. These findings expand considerably our knowledge of the distribution of the four taxa, and suggest that in the future additional species known from Central and South America, and oceanic islands in the tropical eastern Pacific, will likely be discovered on the western coast of Mexico. The material has come from five sampling trips carried out along the coast of Nayarit, Mexico, between March 1992 and November 1993, including samples from Isla Isabel, 23 km off the coast (Fig. 1). Samples of dead coral were collected at depths ranging from 1 to 5 m. The coral blocks were broken and all crustacean cryptofauna preserved in 70% alcohol. The material treated is deposited in the Coleccion Nacional de Crustaceos, Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de 716 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Fig. 1. Collection sites (asterisks) along the State of Nayarit, Pacific coast of Mexico. Mexico (CNCR), and was collected by M. E. Camacho and J. L. Villalobos. The abbreviations "cl" and "t l" indicate carapace length and total length (including rostrum), respectively. Family Alpheidae Rafinesque, 1815 Alpheus firmus Kim & Abele, 1988 Fig. 2 Material examined.—4 <5, cl 11.0, 10.0, 9.0, 9.0 mm, tl 32.7, 27.2, 25.6, 27.3 mm; 1 cl 6.5 mm, tl 18.0 mm; 4 $ ovigerous, cl 17.0, 10.0, 10.0, 9.0 mm, tl 34.5, 29.7, 29.0, 25.0 mm; 23 May 1993; Estero San Cristobal, Bahia de Matanchen, Nayarit, 21°31'N, 105°14'W; CNCR 12759. Remarks.—The only existing records of Alpheus firmus are those of the original description, based on material collected in Panama (Kim & Abele 1988), from Miraflores Locks (holotype, a male, cl 9.2 mm) and Punta Paitilla. This is a shallow water species that has been collected intertidally (0-1 m) under rocks. Our records are from a similar habitat in a rocky substrate in tidal pools. In live specimens, the body color is translucent, with the internal surface of both palms of chelipeds blue-green, and tip of movable finger of major chela red. Morphological differences between the type material and the organisms reported here consist in: 1) the absence in the latter of a lateral spine on the basicerite, a feature previously observed by Kim & Abele (1988) that is probably size related, and 2) a long ultimate segment of the third maxilliped (twice as long as the penultimate instead of slightly longer, as in the type material) (Fig. 2b). This new record and second for the species, extends its distribution by more than 9° of latitude. Synalpheus bannerorum Abele, 1975 Fig. 3 Material examined.—5 6, cl 4.8, 3.0, 3.5, 3.0, 2.7 mm, tl 8.0, 5.1, 6.7, 5.8, 4.5 mm; 5 $ ovigerous, cl 3.7, 3.5, 3.5, 3.2, 3.0 mm, tl 7.2, 6.7, 6.5, 6.3, 5.5 mm; 29 VOLUME 109, NUMBER 4 717 Fig. 2. Alpheus firmus Kim & Abele, 1988: a, anterior portion of carapace and cephalic appendages; b, third maxilliped; c, minor chela of male, internal view; d, minor chela of male, external view; e, second pereopod. Scale bars = 1 mm. Mar 1992; Bahia Chacala, Nayarit, 20°10'N, 105°13'W; CNCR 11910. 1 9 ovigerous, cl 3.7 mm, tl 8.7 mm; same locality; 21 May 1993, CNCR 12746. 1 S, cl 3.0 mm, tl 6.6 mm; 1 $ ovigerous, cl 4.0 mm, tl 9.2 mm; 23 May 1993; Estero San Cristobal, Bahfa de Matanchen, Nayarit, 21°31'N, 105°14'W; CNCR 12754. 1 6 , cl 718 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Fig. 3. Synalpheus bannerorum Abele, 1975: a, anterior portion of carapace, dorsal view; b, internal view of major chela; c, external view of major chela; d, external view of minor chela; e, second pereopod; f, third pereopod; g, lateral view of last three abdominal segments and telson; h, dorsal view of telson and uropods. Scale bars = 1 mm. VOLUME 109, NUMBER 4 719 3.3 mm, tl 5.5 mm; 1 9 ovigerous, cl 4.0 mm, tl 6.5 mm; 2 Feb 1993; Punta de Mita, Nayarit, 20°46'N, 105°31'W; CNCR 12678. Remarks.—Synalpheus bannerorum was described from Isla Malpelo, Colombia, inhabiting coral at a depth of 10 m. Compared to the original description, the morphological differences encountered here were: 1) the rostrum reaches the distal margin of the basal antennular segment (Fig. 3a), 2) in the second pair of pereopods, the first carpal segment is 5.5 times as long as the second (Fig. 3e), and 3) the fifth abdominal segment is half the length of the sixth and of equal length as the telson (Fig. 3g). Abele (1975) postulated that this species might be endemic to Isla Malpelo, and until now no other occurrences had been reported. This species seems to be abundant along the rocky portion of the coast of Nayarit (Camacho 1996). Prionalpheus nayaritae, new species Fig. 4 Holotype.—1 9 ovigerous, cl 2.2 mm, tl 5.0 mm; 1 Nov 1993; Punta de Mita, Nayarit, 20°46'N, 105°31'W; CNCR 12983. Description.—Rostrum short, triangular, ending in acute tip with small single seta; dorsal carina low, reaching anterior half of first antennular segment (Fig. 4b). Margins contiguous to rostrum concave, not covering eyes completely dorsally or laterally (Fig. 4c). Orbital hood unarmed. Corneae oval shaped. Anterolateral margin of carapace slightly produced, descending first from eyes, then convex and produced forming blunt pterygostomial angle (Fig. 4a). Posterior margin of carapace with well marked cardiac notch (Fig. 4a). First abdominal segment with pleura straight. Second segment with large nearly circular pleura, maximum length of pleura 1.6 times that of first segment. Third segment with pleura rounded, extending posteriorly and covering part of fourth segment. Fourth and fifth segments subrectangular. Sixth segment almost as long as deep, posteroventral angle with triangular movable plate. Telson 1.4 times longer than broad, bearing 2 pairs of dorsal spines (first pair medial, second pair closer to first pair than to posterior margin); posterior margin of telson with 2 pairs of long spines, inner pair shortest (Fig. 4i). First antennular segment irregular in shape, longer than broad, and longer than second and third segments. Carina on ventral side of first antennular segment reaching distal margin of segment, with acute tip. Stylocerite 3.6 times longer than broad, reaching distal margin of second antennular segment. Scaphocerite 2.4 times longer than broad, laminar portion reaching distal margin of second antennular segment, lateral spine reaching beyond third antennular segment. Carpocerite 3.4 times longer than broad, reaching beyond antennular peduncle. Mandibles asymmetrical, incisor process well developed, without palp or molar process; protruding considerably so as to be clearly seen in lateral view. Left mandible with 5 finger-like teeth decreasing in size proximally (Fig. 4d). Teeth oriented approximately in same direction; distal tooth longest, with rounded end, middle 3 teeth with tips becoming more acute proximally, proximal tooth broken. Right mandible elongated, becoming narrower distally; incisor process ending in 4 teeth, 2 middle ones the shortest (Fig. 4e). First maxilla broken, upper lacinia missing; lower lacinia 4.7 times longer than broad, armed distally with more than 10 spines; palp simple and cylindrical, with long apical setae. Second maxilla missing. First maxilliped broken, distal part of inner lobe missing. External lobe of first maxilliped broad, outer margin straight, inner margin rounded, armed with 7 spines. Second maxilliped with ischium bilobed longitudinally and fused with merus. Internal margin of merus with strong spines. Carpus broader than long, articulated along proximal margin of merus, with spines on inner margin. Exopod of second maxilliped tubular, not segmented, distally with 2 long setae. Third maxilliped missing. First pair of pereopods missing. Second 720 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Fig. 4. Prionalpheus nayaritae new species, female holotype: a, lateral view of carapace and abdomen (appendages omitted); b, anterior portion of carapace, dorsal view; c, anterior portion of carapac


To examine systolic and diastolic left ventricular function in sickle cell anemia (SS), 70 SS patients (pts) and 45 age-matched controls underwent routine M-mode and computer assisted echocardiographic analysis. Shortening fraction (SF) and LV systolic time intervals (LVSTI's) were calculated in the routine manner, and the following variables were derived by computer: R-R interval, max (Max) and minimum (Min) LV cavity size, Max and Min septal and freewall thickness, Max normalized rates of LV filling and emptying and Max normalized rates of septal and freewall thickening and thinning. Timing of each Max event was normalized for RR interval.Compared to controls, SS patients had no significant differences in SF or LVSTI's. SS LV cavity size was significantly increased in systole (p<0.001) and diastole (p<0.001) and R-R intervals were shorter (p<0.001). Systolic abnormalities included thicker septal thickness (p<0.001) and freewall thickness (p=0.002) and delays in achieving Max septal thickness (p=0.001) resulting in delayed Min cavity size (p<0.001). In diastole Max rate of septal thinning was delayed (p<0.001) and accompanied delay in Max rate of filling (p<0.001).Digitized echocardiographic assessment of LV function in sickle cell anemia reveals both systolic and diastolic dysfunction previously undetected by routine, echo analysis.Sponsoring member's name and signature


The validity of the physical model on which the Hailwood and Horrobin (Trans. Far. Soc. 42B: 84; 1946) isotherm equation was developed was investigated. The results indicate that although the equation may fit sorption data for almost any type of food, it satisfies thermodynamic requirements (i.e. prediction of the temperature dependence) only for proteins and starchy foods. The results also show that plotting enthalpic changes against entropic changes for water sorption satisfies the enthalpy/entropy compensation phenomenon.


Thermal power facilities frequently experience downtime due to corrosion and oxidation of boiler tube materials exposed to high temperature environments. Thermal coatings can solve this issue. HVOF coating is superior to other coatings because it has less porosity, is more cost-effective, and increases the substrate material's longevity. The SA213 T12 boiler tube material was coated with an HVOF coating of NiCrAlY and CNT in a variety of ratios, including 3, 5, and 7. In order to conduct hot corrosion tests using the thermo gravimetric method, temperatures were heated to 700°C for one hour, cooled to room temperature for 20 minutes, and the weight increase was then measured. Advanced microscopic XRD and SEM/EDX evaluations were performed on the corroded samples to determine the oxide layer.


This study aims to analyze the students' mathematical critical thinking skills in the circle material. The method used in this study is descriptive. The technique of collecting data through a test of critical thinking skills consisting of 2 items of the essay. The research subjects were the VIII grade students' of SMP Negeri 3 Bandar Lampung, totaling 106 students consisting of 53 male students and 53 female students. The results showed that the percentage of male students' critical thinking skills indicators achievement was better than the female students. The results show that there is a need for innovation that can make learning effective in facilitating the critical thinking skills of male and female students Keyword: mathematical critical thinking skills


The study of recurrent neural networks has been an active topic during the past few years because of their advantages in terms of parallel computation, learning capability, function approximation, and fault tolerance. Neural networks have been enjoying wide and successful applications in signal processing, automatic control, classification, knowledge acquisition, pattern recognition, combinatorial optimization, machine learning and other fields. When a neural network is designed to handle complex nonlinear problems, a great number of neurons with tremendous connections are often required. On the other hand, in analog VLSI (very large scale integration) implementations of neural networks, networks parameters are most likely subject to some variations due to the tolerances of the utilized electronic elements, and noises may also be introduced. It is thus very difficult or expensive (even may be impossible) to obtain the complete information of the neuron states in relatively large-scale neural networks. At the same time, in many practical applications of neural networks such as system modeling and state feedback control, the information on the states of neurons is needed and utilized to achieve certain objectives. Therefore, it is of great importance and practical significance to study the issues on estimating the neuron states via available output measurements. Time delay inevitably occurs in the electronic implementations of neural networks because of the finite switching speeds of amplifiers. It has been well recognized that the existence of time delay can change the dynamic behaviors and/or deteriorate the performance of the underlying neural networks. On the other hand, it can be more efficient to solve some engineering problems (for example, the speed detection


Abstract The effect of incorporating sorbic acid (SA), an echo-friendly curing agent, and silica or carbon black (CB) filler, as well as gamma irradiation on the physico-chemical, mechanical and thermal properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) was investigated. The results indicated that the developed composites revealed improvement in the studied parameters over the untreated samples. Filler incorporation into rubber matrix has been proven a key factor in enhancing the swelling resistance, tensile strength and thermal properties of the fabricated composites. The improvement in tensile strength and modulus was attributed to better interfacial bonding via SA. Alternatively, a comparison was established between the performance of the white and black fillers. The utmost mechanical performance was reported for the incorporated ratios 10 phr SA and 40 phr white filler into a 50 kGy irradiated composite. Meanwhile, the incorporation of CB yielded better thermally stable composites than those filled with silica at similar conditions.


Emotional Muscle is not just another typical parenting self-help manual. Instead, the Novicks have given parents a delightful and valuable book which presents unique contributions to the realm of parenting. One contribution it makes is the concept that developing parenting skills is like developing muscles; it takes practice and is critical for being a strong (i.e., successful) parent. The book also helps parents understand their children's behaviors and what is relevant at each different developmental stage. Emotional Muscle is nicely organized and succinctly presented so that parents can read it from cover to endnotes or read chapters relevant to a particular age. It offers practical summaries at the end of each chapter of the children's needs as well as parents' needs. The book focuses on parenting newborns to five-year-olds. The authors, experts in child development, provide clinical material to illustrate children's behaviors and parents' emotions. They have much data to draw on, presenting case examples (both child and parent) from their day care center at Allen Creek (Ann Arbor, Michigan). In addition, Emotional Muscle gives to parents an increased understanding of development by combining research with practical parenting ideas. For example, the authors present information on brain development. Furthermore, the book puts psychological or psychoanalytical concepts and terms into layman's terms, thus giving parents a far greater understanding of child development than many other parenting books. The authors present both the viewpoint of what the child is doing and learning, in the context of typical developmental milestones, and parents' behaviors, needs, and reactions. Thus, another unique contribution is understanding the feelings and dynamics behind behaviors and emotions for both the child and parent. Throughout Emotional Muscle different theories are woven into the rich parenting material: social learning, developmentally appropriate behaviors (temper tantrums) and mastery (Erikson's stages of development) as well as psychodynamic concepts (i.e., superego, Oedipal complex, transference). Emotional Muscle begins by increasing our understanding of how much newborns and infants are capable of; how complete they are, and how they are permanently impacted by what happens in their first year of life. How far we have come from the not-so-distant past of babies being inactive and


Fundacao para a Saude – Servico Nacional de Saude published in July 2019 the book "National Health  Service: Brief Interpretation and Guidelines for its Transformation" which consists in framing the creation, course and evolution of the health system in Portugal. Finally the book ends with a few projections for the future and some themes are presented which must be discussed to better respond the needs of citizens. The publication may be acquired through the following email email@example.com. Below, a summary of the work is presented with aspects that we consider particularly relevant.


The nonlinear and novel Bohm-Poisson-Schrödinger equation proposed by us is studied further. It has solutions leading to repulsive gravitational behavior. An exact analytical expression for the observed vacuum energy density is obtained. Further results are provided which include two possible extensions of the Bohm-Poisson equation to the full relativistic regime. Two specific solutions to the novel Relativistic Bohm-Poisson equation (associated to a real scalar field) are provided encoding the repulsive nature of dark energy. One solution leads to an exact cancellation of the cosmological constant, but an expanding decelerating cosmos; while the other solution leads to an exponential accelerated cosmos consistent with a de Sitter phase, and whose extremely small cosmological constant is Λ = 3 R2 H , consistent with current observations. We conclude with some final remarks about Weyl's geometry.


Incomplete multi-view clustering aims to cluster samples with missing views, which has drawn more and more research interest. Although several methods have been developed for incomplete multi-view clustering, they fail to extract and exploit the comprehensive global and local structure of multi-view data, so their clustering performance is limited. This paper proposes a Clustering-induced Adaptive Structure Enhancing Network (CASEN) for incomplete multi-view clustering, which is an end-to-end trainable framework that jointly conducts multiview structure enhancing and data clustering. Our method adopts multi-view autoencoder to infer the missing features of the incomplete samples. Then, we perform adaptive graph learning and graph convolution on the reconstructed complete multi-view data to effectively extract data structure. Moreover, we use multiple kernel clustering to integrate the global and local structure for clustering, and the clustering results in turn are used to enhance the data structure. Extensive experiments on several benchmark datasets demonstrate that our method can comprehensively obtain the structure of incomplete multi-view data and achieve superior performance compared to the other methods.


Objective To study the efficacy,safety and correlative characteristics of Chinese herb as a vascular embolization agent.Methods Vascular embolization agent combined from several kinds of Chinese herb was manufactured and served as anticarcinogen and coagulant according to the chinese Pharmacopeia.The characteristics of the combination embolization agent through embolizing the hepatic arteries in eight pigs were studied. Results The combination agent was a non-homogenous suspension,easily to be injected through 5-F catheter with hyper attenuation under fluoroscopy;simultaneously with good histocompatibility and hemo-compatibility and without feverish response and toxicity.The combination agent mainly embolized the peripheral arteries with maintaining occlusion for 5 weeks and without formation of collateral circulation.Slight injuries of normal hepatic tissues with hepatic cytonecrosis and endochyloma focal necrosis were found through optical and electronic microscopy.Conclusions The Chinese herb combination agent is safe and effective in experimental application with good angioembolic function and a potential peripheral embolization agent.


The dispersion properties of low-frequency (in comparison with the ion gyrofrequency) dust-electromagnetic waves in a four-component magnetized dusty plasma have been investigated. It has been shown that the simultaneous presence of positive and negative inertial dust grains introduces new resonance and cut-off for dust-electromagnetic waves, and a sharp forbidden- frequency-band in between the two branches of the propagating dust-electromagnetic waves. The two wave branches have been found to have frequencies of the order of negative and positive dust gyrofrequencies, respectively. The effects of space and laboratory dusty plasma parameters on these newly found resonance and cut-off and on the dispersion properties of the dust-electromagnetic wave branches have also been examined.


In the environment of market economy,hospital is facing financial risks in the process of operation management. How to prevent financial risks holds the key to healthy and orderly development and the subsistence of hospitals.This article analyses the early signs of financial risks and tries to minimize possibility of financial risks and damages caused by it through the prior control,a matter of control and subsequent control.


The Border Gateway Protocol [1] is an inter-autonomous system routing protocol designed for TCP/IP internets. Currently in the Internet BGP deployments are configured such that that all BGP speakers within a single AS must be fully meshed so that any external routing information must be re-distributed to all other routers within that AS. This represents a serious scaling problem that has been well documented with several alternatives proposed [2,3].


FIELD: mechanisms for controlling and performing division of functions between game server and wireless reproducing game device so that a game of chance is conducted by means of wireless communication at wireless reproducing game device in controlled and wireless environment. SUBSTANCE: in one of examples of realization, the wireless reproducing game device is a pocket mobile device, connected by means of electronics to a licensed game server through wireless connection. All events for generation of random numbers, game results, measuring information, information related to games, all cash transactions are supported at licensed (controlled) game server, and not on wireless reproducing game device, which may be used anywhere within limits of operating casino halls and which allows to identify the user. For example, to identify a player in wireless reproducing game device a device for inputting biometric information like a device for reading fingerprints may be used. EFFECT: creation of methods and devices necessary to expand capabilities for conducting games on adjustable game machine. 5 cl, 6 dwg


Recently, digital gamma spectrometers have replaced analog ones due to their durability, flexibility, and compact size. The main part of the digital gamma spectrometer is the digital pulse processing (DPP) unit. The implementation of the DPP unit using the ARM Cortex-M-based microcontroller units is a recent attractive approach. This originates from their advanced features and low cost. In this paper, we propose an implementation of the DPP unit using the ARM Cortex-M3-based microcontroller unit. The targeted detector with this implementation is the sodium iodide detector. However, this implementation is based on less than 2 MS/s sampling rate, it is guaranteed experimentally to cope with input count rates up to 47 kC/s. This results from our specific proposed methodology for extracting pulse height from the trapezoidal-shaped pulses.


Two simple, rapid and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the assay ofcinnarizine (CNR) in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. The methods are based on the formation of chloroform soluble ion-association complexes of CNR with thymol blue (TB) and with cresol red (CR) in NaOAc-AcOH buffer of pH 3.6 for TB and in KCl-HCl buffer of pH 1.6 for CR with absorption maxima at 405 nm and at 403 run for TB and CR, respectively. Reaction conditions were optimized to obtain the maximum color intensity. The systems obeyed Beer's law in the range of 0.6-15.8 and 0.8-16.6 μg mL -1 for TB and CR, respectively. Various analytical parameters have been evaluated and the results have been validated by statistical data.


Direct-imaging and plane-projection instruments are mainstays for definitive calibration-quality measurements of small dimensions for industrial and clinical applications. Light-and electron-optical techniques span six orders of sizes, from millimeters through micrometers down to nanometers. A common assumption is that, above the resolution limit of a device, accurate measurements can be made based on the geometric optic relation of image size xi to object size xo: xi = Mx0, where M is the scalar magnification of the device. However, in measurements of lengths, widths or diameters, the relation fails long before the resolution limit of the device is approached. As a result, substantial systematic errors in dimensional measurements occur in industrial applications from particle sizing to photomask metrology. The causes of such difficulties and the techniques to overcome them are discussed in the context of work at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) on the development of SEM and optical techniques for accurate measurements in the range 0.1 to 100 μm.


From the Domination of Nature to Risk. My doctoral thesis in philosophy at the University of California, San Diego, completed in 1969, was the last act of my decade-long apprenticeship with Herbert Marcuse. It later became my first book, entitled The Domination of Nature (first published in 1972, and, I am pleased to say, still today in print). At the end of my thesis oral, my supervisor announced that I was being awarded my degree for the single sentence that concluded the thesis, where I had reversed a famous Hegelian maxim, "the cunning of reason."


The allergenic pollen of Argemone mexicana L. a common road-side weed was subjected to artificial SO 2 fumigation at a concentration of 100ppm for 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours and its effect on the total carbohydrate, lipid, free amino acid, DNA and RNA content as well as peroxidase isozyme and DNA profile studied. In comparison to the control (pollen exposed to charcoal-filtered air), the carbohydrate, lipid, DNA and RNA content decreased with the increase in the time of exposure to SO 2 , where as the percentage composition of free amino acid increased. Contrary, to this, the activity of peroxidase was found to increase with a change in the iso-peroxidase zymogram showing three new anionic isozyme bands. SO 2 affected the total DNA profile leading to the gradual breakdown of DNA with several bands observed on agarose gel electrophoresis with an increase in the time of fumigation.