This work proposes a new method for nitrite determination in natural waters and foodstuff samples by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy combined with spot tests. In this method, the reaction occurs on the surface of a filter paper. Firstly 30 μL of the cromogenic reagent solution were added to the paper, followed by 30 μL of sample solution. The intensity of the color of the reaction product is measured by diffuse reflectance, at 532 nm. Experimental design was employed for the development of this method and the optimized reagent concentrations found were 9.60 × 10 mol L for N-(1-naphtil)ethylenediamine hydrochloride and 5.90 × 10 mol L for sulfanilic acid. The cromogenic solution was composed by the mixture of both reagents with HCl 6.00 x 10 mol L, in deionized water. A linear relationship (r = 0.997) was observed in the concentration range of 2.90 × 10 to 1.74 × 10 mol L of nitrite, by plotting reflectance values versus the logarithm of nitrite concentration in the standard solutions. In order to work with lower quantities of nitrite, the concentrations of sulfanilic acid and N-(1-naphtil)ethylenediamine hydrochloride were diluted to a half of the concentrations proposed by the experimental design. The calibration curve constructed under these conditions showed a linear relationship (r = 0.997) ranging from 7.17 x 10 to 4.35 x 10 mol L of nitrite ions, by plotting reflectance values versus the concentration of nitrite standard solutions. The colored product had an optical stability of at least 50 minutes in ambient conditions and of three days when kept under nitrogen atmosphere. In the investigation of intraday and iterday precision, the RSD values obtained were 1.51% and 2.01%, respectively. The new method was applied to the analysis of two samples of natural waters and one sausage sample. The results obtained


PURPOSE: A cytokinin receptor AHK3 which participates in senescence regulation of a plant, a mutant thereof and a method for delaying senescence of a plant using the same are provided. Therefore, the senescence of plant is delayed by over-expressing the AHK3 gene in the plant to improve productivity and storage efficiency of the plant. CONSTITUTION: The mutant of cytokinin receptor AHK3 participating in senescence regulation of a plant is produced by substituting a 243th amino acid of proline with an amino acid of serine in the amino acid sequence of the cytokinin receptor AHK3 set forth in SEQ ID NO:10. A polynucleotide encoding the mutant of cytokinin receptor AHK3 has the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:7. The method for delaying the senescence of a plant comprises the steps of: constructing a recombinant vector containing the polynucleotide having the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:7; producing a transformed bacterium with the recombinant vector; and infecting a plant with the transformed bacterium to insert the polynucleotide having the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:7 into the plant and over-expressing the polynucleotide in the plant.


Sunshine is an important factor which limits the choice of urban plant species, especially in environments with high-density buildings. In practice, plant selection and configuration is a key step of landscape architecture, which has relied on an experience-based qualitative approach. However, the rationality and efficiency of this need to be improved. To maintain the diversity of plant species and to ensure their ecological adaptability (solar radiation) in the context of sustainable development, we developed the Urban Plants Decision Support System (UP-DSS) for assisting plant selection in urban areas with diversified solar radiation. Our methodology mainly consists of the solar radiation model and calibration, the urban plant database, and information retrieval model. The structure of UP-DSS is also presented at the end of the methodology section, which is based on the platform of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Microsoft Excel. An application of UP-DSS is demonstrated in a residential area of Wuhan, China. The results show that UP-DSS can provide a very scientific and stable tool for the adaptive planning of shade-tolerant plants and photoperiod-sensitive plants, meanwhile, it also provides a specific plant species and the appropriate types of plant community for user decision-making according to different sunshine radiation conditions and the designer's preferences.


The authors have performed a wide range of experiments to evaluate the head loss across trashracks. Based on their results, empirical Eq. (2) has been found. The discussers would like to add some comments. For a trashrack with bars of rectangular cross-section and straight approach flow, Eq. (2) can be rewritten as Dh∗∗ = 7.43 p (D1) with Dh∗∗ as the non-dimensional head loss coefficient, Dh as the head loss across the trashrack, U the approach flow velocity and p the blockage ratio. Figure D1 shows the variation of Dh∗∗ with p from Eq. (D1). It seems that the results cannot be true for high blockage ratios. For instance, Eq. (D1) predicts that by increasing p to full blockage (p 1), Dh∗∗ 7.43, whereas Dh∗∗ 1 from the hydraulic behaviour of submerged trashracks. Furthermore, Eq. (D1) is inconsistent with the results of new experimental data of the discussers, as described below.


Taylor and colleagues detail a case that they claim is an opioid-related amnestic syndrome related to fentanyl patch use in a 63-year-old patient with multiple sclerosis and chronic musculoskeletal pain.[1][1] There are several reasons why the amnesia described in this case is probably not related


Lin, Ingrid Ph.D., Purdue University, August 2008. Photonic Synthesis of Ultrabroadband Radio-Frequency Waveforms and Power Spectra via Optical Pulse Shaping. Major Professor: Andrew M. Weiner. Interest has rapidly increased in the area of microwave photonics. Current interest in ultrawideband (UWB) communication wireless system also motivates novel techniques for arbitrary electrical waveform generation. Within the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)-specified frequency band of 3.1-10.6 GHz, UWB systems employ short bursts of radiation to achieve material penetration as well as to mitigate multipath interference in communications applications. We presented an open-loop reflection-mode dispersive Fourier Transform (FT) optical pulse shaping technique for generation of broadband sinusoidal and ultrabroadband impulsive radio-frequency (RF) waveforms in the ranges of 1-10 GHz aiming at applications in UWB wireless communication. This open-loop technique provides the means to rapidly prototype UWB wireless systems by providing real-time waveform design capability—an ability not offered by current electronic techniques. Through appropriate optical waveform design, we showed direct control over the shape of the RF spectrum which enables us to tailor our RF waveforms to conform to the low-power UWB spectral criteria. In addition, we also investigated RF power spectrum design by using the Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm. This optimization scheme calculates the temporal waveforms associated with the target spectral shapes, which are implemented by synthesizing these waveforms via our optical pulse shaping techniques. Photonic techniques for generation and correlation processing of UWB RF waveforms may serve as enablers for novel wireless UWB schemes including laboratory tests of wireless UltrawidebandCode Division Multiple Access (UWB-CDMA), which have recently been theoretically analyzed but not been implemented due to lack of waveform generation and processing hardware capable of covering a large fraction of the UWB band.


The European Project Semester at ISEP (EPS@ISEP) is a one semester project-based learning programme addressed to engineering students from diverse scientific backgrounds and nationalities. The students, organized in multicultural teams, are challenged to solve real world multidisciplinary problems, accounting for 30 ECTU. The EPS package, although focused on project development (20 ECTU), includes a series of complementary seminars aimed at fostering soft, project-related and engineering transversal skills (10 ECTU). This paper presents the study plan, resources, operation and results of the EPS@ISEP that was created in 2011 to apply the best engineering education practices and promote the internationalization of ISEP. The results show that the EPS@ISEP students acquire during one semester the scientific, technical and soft competences necessary to propose, design and implement a solution for a multidisciplinary problem.


This demo presents Social Glass, a novel web-based platform that supports the analysis, valorisation, integration, and visualisation of large-scale and heterogeneous urban data in the domains of city planning and decision-making. The platform systematically combines publicly available social datasets from municipalities together with social media streams (e.g. Twitter, Instagram and Foursquare) and resources from knowledge repositories. It further enables the mapping of demographic information, human movement patterns, place popularity, traffic conditions, as well as citizens' and visitors' opinions and preferences with regard to specific venues in the city. Social Glass will be demonstrated through several real-world case studies, that exemplify the framework's conceptual properties, and its potential value as a solution for urban analytics and city-scale event monitoring and assessment.


This paper investigates the development of an optimization-based energy management strategy called equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) for a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV). The powertrain of this vehicle comprises four fuel cells and a battery pack. This work mainly aims to reduce hydrogen consumption of the multi-stack system using ECMS as one of the most powerful online strategies in the literature for maximizing fuel economy. To validate the performance of the proposed strategy, it is compared with dynamic programming (DP). The results illustrate that there is a good match with DP, although ECMS is an online method.


Objectives To investigate the feasibility and clinical value of strain and strain rate imaging combined with cold pressor test(CPT) in assessing reserve of circular strain(RCS) and circular strain rate(RCSR) of common carotid artery in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods Fifty six patients with type 2 diabetes without vascular complications were involved into our study as case group.Sixty three healthy volunteers were supplied as normal control group in the same period.Strain and train rate imaging combined with CPT were carried on in these two groups.Maximum of circular strain(CSmax) and circular strain rate(CSRmax) of common carotid artery were measured,which were supplied by automatic analysis software.RCS and RCSR were calculated,and comparative analysis was performed.Results RCS(18.16%±4.62% vs.28.56%±7.42%,P0.05) and RCSR(20.33%±5.81% vs.32.09%±6.01%,P0.05) of common carotid artery in case group were less than those in control group,and the differences were significant(P 0.05).Conclusions RCS and RCSR of common carotid artery could be gained through strain and strain rate imaging combined CPT.RCS and RCSR could be new indexes in assessing early change of mechanical movement of common carotid artery in patients with type 2 diabetes,and could represent endothelial function of common carotid artery.


This chapter reassesses biographical and critical accounts of Melville's exit from the workforce in 1885, examining the vocational vacillations that produced Billy Budd. Melville's final writings did not signal a release from the quotidian world of work into one last affirmative creative garret, but another opportunity to practice his ongoing commitment to "becoming-other": "Billy in the Darbies" consciously sets up and then undermines the Romantic trope of an isolated solitary singer, finally "set free." "Late Melville" approached literary composition and revision as an extension of other forms of work and his diverse writings consistently display a preoccupation with challenging preconceptions concerning the writer's calling. Though seen as the archetype of frustrated vocation in American Letters, Melville remained intensely self-conscious and skeptical of vocational thinking throughout his career.


We show how noncommuting noises could cause a Bell state ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{0}$ to suffer entanglement sudden death (ESD). ESD may similarly occur when a noisy operation acts, if the corresponding Hamiltonian and Lindblad operator do not commute. We study the implications of these in special dense coding $\mathcal{S}$. When noises that cause ESD act, we show that ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{0}$ may lose its capacity for $\mathcal{S}$ before ESD occurs. Similarly, ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{0}$ may fail to yield information transfer better than classically possible when the encoding operations are noisy, though entanglement is not destroyed in the process.


Such indices as diversity,rarity,naturalness,representativeness,ecological stability,suitability of area and the threat of human interference were chosed to establish a ranking ecological evaluating system,and evaluated the ecological condition of Jigongshan nature reserve.The value of each index was determined on the basis of the evaluation system,and the weight percentage was decided by analytical hierarchy process(AHP).The comprehensive evaluation index was 0.895 3,which suggested that the ecological quality of the nature reserve was very good,and the protection value was very high.Finally,the problems of the reserve were analyzed and the corresponding proposals were put forward.


Pudendal neuralgia can cause significant voiding and pain symptoms. We explored the effects of chronic pudendal neuromodulation (CPN) and nerve blocks on pain associated with pudendal neuralgia.


Background Enhancing the industrial yeast strains ethyl acetate yield through a precise and seamless genetic manipulation strategy without any extraneous DNA sequences is an essential requisite and significant demand. Objectives For increasing the ethyl acetate yield of industrial brewer's yeast strain, all the ATF1 alleles were overexpressed through "self-cloning" integration strategy. Material and Methods Escherichia coli strain DH5α was utilized for plasmid construction. ATF1 alleles were overexpressed through a precise and seamless insertion of the PGK1 promoter in industrial brewer's yeast strain S6. In addition, growth rates, ATF1 mRNA levels, AATase activity, the fermentation performance of the engineered strains, and gas chromatography (GC) analysis was conducted. Results The two engineered strains (S6-P-12 and S6-P-30) overexpressed all ATF1 alleles but unaffected normal growth. The ATF1 mRNA levels of the S6-P-12 and S6-P-30 were all 4-fold higher than that of S6. The AATase (Alcohol acetyl transferases, encoded by ATF1 gene) activity of the two engineered strains was all 3-fold higher than that of the parent strain. In the beer fermentation at 10 ℃, the concentrations of ethyl acetate produced by the engineered strains S6-P-12 and S6-P-30 was increased to 23.98 and 24.00 mg L-1, respectively, about 20.44% and 20.54% higher than that of S6. Conclusions These results verify that the ethyl acetate yield could be enhanced by the overexpressed of ATF1 in the polyploid industrial brewer's yeast strains via "self-cloning" integration strategy. The present study provides a reference for target gene modification in the diploid or polyploid industrial yeast strains.


Turning the age of globalization and WTO, the volume and importance of international trade are increasing day by day. In such a tread, universities...


Objective To investigate the effects of exogenous melatonin(MT) on the c-fos expression in suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of rats. Methods MT was injected to rats subcutaneously at different times of a day under normal light-dark (LD=12∶12) condition and constant darkness (DD). Circadian changes of the c-fos expression in SCN were examined. Results The expression of c-fos in SCN showed a circadian rhythm under LD as well as DD. In the LD group, the circadian rhythm changed more evidently than that in the DD group. In both the LD and DD group, the mesors of circadian rhythm increased significantly compared with the control group. Conclusion Exogenous MT could induce the c-fos expression in SCN of rats and change the circadian rhythm of the c-fos activity.


Commercial bribery has spread in many fields of social economy in China,and has become a public hazard affecting our social life at present,so it is necessary to tackle it as soon as possible.However,there exist several obvious defects in the legal system of anti-commercial bribery of our country,such as the limitation of anti-commercial bribery legislation and the ineffective law enforcement,etc.,which affect the system management of commercial bribery in a certain extent.Therefore,perfecting the legal system of anti-commercial bribery is not only the requirement of the law construction in China,but also the positive act for building the long-term effective mechanism of anti-commercial bribery.


Abstract : Operational lessons learned from the Gallipoli Campaign that are applicable to modern day joint littoral operations are analyzed. Lessons learned from the failure of the Gallipoli Campaign are particularly significant for operational commanders today given the Navy's current emphasis on joint littoral operations. The Gallipoli Campaign offered the opportunity for Allied leaders in World War I to break the deadly stalemate on the Western Front and to open up critical lines of communication between the Western Allies and Russia. Poor planning, a lack of guidance, the failure to communicate clearly the concept of operations, along with poor on scene assessment and follow up were key factors that converged to destroy operational synchronization. This is best illustrated by the events on Y Beach and Suvla Bay, both of which were pivotal junction points in the Gallipoli Campaign. The failure of operational synchronization at these key points marked the failure of the Gallipoli Campaign and a lost opportunity to end the war early. The decisive role that operational synchronization plays in the ultimate success of joint littoral operations and the factors that lead to it are as vald today as they were in 1915. (MM)


In this article, it is aimed to categorize meaningful content from uncontrolled growing written social sharing data using natural language processing. Uncategorized data can disturb social sharing users with an increasing user network due to deprecating and negative content. For the stated reason, a hybrid model based on CNN and LSTM has been proposed to automatically classify all written social sharing content, both positive and negative, into defined target tags. With the proposed hybrid model, it is aimed at automatically classifying the content of the social sharing system into different categories by using the simplest embedding layer, keras. As a result of the experimental studies carried out, a better result was obtained than in the different studies in the literature using the same data set with the proposed method. The obtained performance results show that the proposed method can be applied to different multilabel text analysis problems.


In order to investigate the impact of SiO2 and CaCO3 nanoparticles to the mechanical performance of concrete,the split tensile strength and compressive strength of concrete have been experimentally studied.SiO2 nanoparticles as a partial cement replaced by 0.5%,1.0%,2.0% and 3.0% and CaCO3 nanoparticles by 1.0% and 3.0% were added partially to concrete.Curing of the specimens has been carried out for 7,28,78 and 128 days after casting.SiO2 nanoparticle as a partial replacement of cement up to 3.0% could accelerate formation of CSH gel at the early stages and hence increase the split tensile strength and compressive strength.The optimal replacement level of cement by SiO2 nanoparticles for producing concrete with improved strength was set at 2.0%.CaCO3 nanoparticles as a partial replacement of cement up to 3.0% could consume crystalline Ca(OH)2 and accelerate formation of calcium carboaluminate hydrate at the early stages and increase the split tensile strength and compressive strength.The optimal replacement level of cement by CaCO3 nanoparticles for producing concrete with improved strength was set at 3.0%.


A voltage‐controlled oscillator using a Lamb wave device with three interdigital transducers is demonstrated as a frequency modulator. One of three transducers at the central part of the device is used to feed a modulating signal via FETs as voltage‐controlled resistors. The other two transducers compose a delay line oscillator with an amplifier. The oscillation frequency varies linearly with the voltage applied to FETs. The design and basic properties are described.


Abstract Grania pusilla sp.n. is described from the west coasts of Norway and Sweden. It differs from other Grania species particularly in lengthy in the morphology of the spermathecae, and in the size of the penial bulb. The taxonomy of the genus Grania Southern, 1913 is discussed.


Field-effect transistors (FETs) based on dihexylsexithiophene (DH6T) films were prepared on a SiO2/Si substrate with asymmetric gold source and aluminum drain electrodes. DH6T grew in layer-by-layer manner on SiO2 with its molecular axis perpendicular to the surface. Visible light emission from the channel region was observed as the gate and drain voltage increased, and the emission spectra varied depending upon the layer thickness.


By the funding of 973 projects,Tianjin University launched studies on fiber sensing technologies,mainly including the design of a PCF-SPR sensor based on photonic crystal fiber filling with silver wire,with optimum sensitivity of 2 400nm/RIU,the design of a PBG-PCF temperature sensor based on liquid core photonic crystal fiber,with maximum resolution of 4×10-6 nm/RIU,the design of a tunable thermo optical switch based on photonic crystal fiber filled with toluene-chloroform mixed solution,which had different temperature transition points by changing the ratio of the solution,the construction of three kinds of structure models based on the theory of optofluidics,with studies on the mode distributions and the detection of the magnet,and the establishment of the optical gas sensing system based on L-band EDFA with absolute error less than 0.04%.According to the sensor structure,the optical path demodulation and the demodulation algorithm,the F-P sensing system was designed and optimized.A method of evaluating the robustness of the fiber sensing network was presented.Studies of comb tunable light source technology and OFDR technology in fiber sensing network detection were developed.


In this study I have examined the structure and meaning of participation in Aquinas' metaphysics of creation. We have seen how the Neoplatonic conception of a causality through participation is adapted and transformed by Thomas within his metaphysical accm~nt of creation. Participation is applied first and foremost to the being of creatures; it signifies the (causal) relation of origin between God and creatures, between the infinite Being itself and the many finite beings, each of which participates in being according to its essence. Participation defines the way in which finite things have being. It expresses their mode in terms of an "identity in difference": things are but are not identical with their being. What it means to be for each thing is partly the same, partly different: for a horse to be means to be a horse, that is, being, which as such is universal, is limited to the specific nature of a horse. A horse, like any other creature, has only a part of being; its nature provides certain positive possibilities but at the same time it denies a horse certain perfections, such as the perfection of intellectual cognition. It enjoys the perfection of being, but only to a certain degree. (280)


In this article a novel energy-storing composite electrode is investigated with regards to its mechanical and electrochemical properties. This composite electrode consists of carbon fibers, which p ...


Objective To analyze the regularity of Taichong and its common compatibilities.Methods Collecting and sorting the modern clinical literature of Taichong concerning acupuncture,counting the literature frequency and literature proportion of Taichong and its common compatibilities,then analysing the rule of it.Results Peripheral facial paralysis,Primary hypertension,and Depression have a high literature frequency in acupuncture prescriptionts of Taichong,while Primary hypertension has the highest literature frequency when Taichong is used singly.Hegu,Zusanli,San yinjiao are most commonly used with Taichong.Conclusion Taichong has the specificities of running course of meridian and distal selection when treating disease,and compatibility expands the range of application,embodies the synergistic effect.


We have developed a multi-beam automotive FM-pulse radar font end for the 60 GHz band by using new NRD technologies. The multi-beam antenna consists of a dielectric lens and a non-contact cylindrical NRD switch with four dielectric resonator radiators and a motor. The millimeter-wave circuit consists of our original NRD guide components. The size of the equipment is W125 mm/spl times/H80 mm/spl times/D74 mm. This is expected to be applicable for automotive ICC applications.


This is a report on the eighth edition of the Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum (CLEF 2017), held in early September 2017, in Dublin, Ireland. CLEF was a four day event combining a Conference and an Evaluation Forum. The Conference featured keynotes by Leif Azzopardi and Vincent Wade, and presentation of 32 peer reviewed research papers covering a wide range of topics. The Evaluation Forum consisted to eight Labs and two workshops: eHealth, ImageCLEF, LifeCLEF, NEWSREEL, PAN, Cultural Microblog Contextualization, Early Risk Prediction on the Internet, Dynamic Search for Complex Tasks, Personalised Information Retrieval at CLEF, and Multimodal Spatial Role Labelling addressing a wide range of tasks, media, languages, and ways to go beyond standard test collections.


The integration of renewable energy, such as solar photovoltaics (PV), is critical to reducing carbon emissions but has exerted pressure on power grid operations. Microgrids with buildings, distributed energy resources, and energy storage systems are introduced to alleviate these issues, where optimal operation is necessary to coordinate different components on the grid. Model predictive control (MPC) and reinforcement learning (RL) have been proven capable of solving such operation problems in proof-of-concept studies. However, their applications in real-world buildings are limited by the low reproducibility and the high implementation costs. There is a lack of systematic and quantitative understanding of their strength and weakness in actual applications. Hence, this study aims to improve the scalability of optimal control solutions for smart grid operations by comparing MPC and RL regarding their requirements and control performance. We leveraged the CityLearn simulation framework to implement and compare alternative control solutions based on MPC and RL for the energy management of microgrids. In addition to the control performance of cost saving and carbon reduction, other factors such as robustness and transferability were also examined. While both methods achieved promising results, MPC had slightly better performance and could be transferred more smoothly. Given the standardized framework, MPC is more suitable in most cases for the purpose of microgrid operations. However, RL could be preferable for its quickness in making decisions if a large number of energy systems are involved.


The performance of complex products is always synthetically affected by multiple feature parameters.Thereby,it is the key to create a mapping between feature parameters and product performance for product performance prediction.It proposes a method of multiple parameters correlation analysis and prediction of product performance based on multi-criteria modification.In the proposed method,the product performance prediction is realized with four steps that are correcting the gross error of feature parameters,reducing the number of feature parameters,modifying the feature parameters by finite element method(FEM) and improving the product performance prediction model based on neural network,respectively.The gross error processing of feature parameters is implemented based on topological distance of the measured data,the key feature parameters,influencing product performance,are selected by associative analysis of gray entropy to reduce the complexity of the model.Following that,the feature parameters changed after assembling are modified by FEM.The product performance is predicted based on generalized regression neural network with AMESim.The validity of the proposed method is verified by an instance of performance prediction for a double nozzle baffle electro-hydraulic servo valve.


Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the use of plasma desorption mass spectrometry (PDMS) for the analysis of peptides and proteins. PDMS is increasingly being used in protein laboratories because the instrumentation is relatively cheap and simple to operate and because, taking advantage of a nitrocellulose matrix, it is compatible with most procedures in protein chemistry. Molecular mass information can be obtained with an accuracy of 0.1 % or better. Structural information can be gained by application of successive biochemical or chemical procedures to the sample. However, the presence of most detergents, especially sodium dodecyl sulfate, is devastating for PDMS of peptides. If detergents cannot be avoided, octyl glycoside has been found to be acceptable.


Studies related to detonics, shock-loaded materials and explosive pulse power require timing sensors. These sensors produce timing information that enables researchers to determine the time-resolved profile of a moving wave or surface due to a dynamic deformation. The sensors may also be used as trigger signals for other diagnostic instrumentation.


The present invention relates to a method of detecting a resistive touch screen touch track, comprising the steps of: establishing a lookup table, the lookup table comprises a plurality of position coordinates of the touch screen, and a plurality of position coordinates correspond to the calibration method F, the calibration the method f plurality of position coordinates of the actual signal strength reference value (V0i) the contact area of the touch point is converted to a uniform standard signal value (Vs of the), i.e. satisfying f (V0i) = Vs; receiving touch track, the touch track comprising at least one touch point; determining at least one location coordinate of the touch point, and reading the at least one actual touch point signal value (Vi) based on the actual contact area of the at least one touch point; and a query from the lookup table and the calibration method corresponding to the coordinates position f, the calibration method carried out by the actual signal strength values of f (Vi) signal strength values (V'i) calibrated after calibration, i.e., f (Vi) = V'i, after calibration by signal strength value (V'i) reflects the at least one touch point of actual contact area.


The crystal structure of YecO from Haemophilus influenzae (HI0319), a protein annotated in the sequence databases as hypothetical, and that has not been assigned a function, has been determined at 2.2‐Å resolution. The structure reveals a fold typical of S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine‐dependent (AdoMet) methyltransferase enzymes. Moreover, a processed cofactor, S‐adenosyl‐L‐homocysteine (AdoHcy), is bound to the enzyme, further confirming the biochemical function of HI0319 and its sequence family members. An active site arginine, shielded from bulk solvent, interacts with an anion, possibly a chloride ion, which in turn interacts with the sulfur atom of AdoHcy. The AdoHcy and nearby protein residues delineate a small solvent‐excluded substrate binding cavity of 162 Å3 in volume. The environment surrounding the cavity indicates that the substrate molecule contains a hydrophobic moiety and an anionic group. Many of the residues that define the cavity are invariant in the HI0319 sequence family but are not conserved in other methyltransferases. Therefore, the substrate specificity of YecO enzymes is unique and differs from the substrate specificity of all other methyltransferases sequenced to date. Examination of the Enzyme Commission list of methyltransferases prompted a manual inspection of 10 possible substrates using computer graphics and suggested that the ortho‐substituted benzoic acids fit best in the active site. Proteins 2001;45:397–407. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The default bipolar transistors in a voltage source transistor inverter are protected against a fault current start unexpectedly internal short circuit, from the filter capacitor of the DC voltage source which supplies the inverter by a DC power supply circuit, by interposing a small spool stop 29 in series with the filter capacitor 22 to limit the growth rate of this fault current while at the same time it causes the instantaneous voltage drop the terminals of the DC power supply circuit to almost zero volts at the start of a failure to start unexpectedly internal short circuit. In this way, the faulty transistor load curves are profiled in an efficient manner so that they do not penetrate into the region of the second breakdown preventing the destruction of the second transistor breakdown. (CF DRAWING IN BOPI)


Benzyl benzoate is the major component of the essential oil of K. rotunda L. rhizome. They are potential to be developed as the medicinal compound. However, the toxicity study of benzyl benzoate as the bioactive compound was still limited. Therefore, the toxicity of benzyl benzoate was investigated. The isolation steps include the extraction of K. rotunda L. rhizome using acetone by maceration, then acetone extract was partitioned with n-hexane and chloroform respectively. The benzyl benzoate from n-hexane fraction was isolated using vacuum liquid chromatography and radial chromatography. The molecular structure of benzyl benzoate was determined based on NMR (1D and 2D) spectroscopic data. The toxicity assay of acetone extract and isolated compounds carried out using the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT). BSLT results were presented through the lethal concentration 50 (LC50). The toxicity evaluation confirms that acetone extract, n-hexane fraction of K. rotunda L rhizome and the benzyl benzoate have biological activity with LC50 35.86, 49.80, and 173.49 μg/mL respectively.


Let f be a meromorphic function and g an entire function. T(r f) the Nevanlinna charachteristic of f and M (r g) the maximum modulus of g. We show that and discuss how far this inequality is best possible.


An account is given of gonad dose measurements on male children between 0 and 16 years carried out during routine examinations. Condensator chambers were used. The tabulated results of the measurements show that in radiography critical doses are only produced if the gonads lie in the direct beam. With radiographs of the skull the gonad dose decreases with increasing age, with radiography of the chest it is independent of age. From measurements on an anatomical phantom the dose at the ovaries of female children was deduced. The comparison with other measurements shows the importance of coning down. (auth)


A CPU 41 reads a next block (S1) and then determines whether the read block is a TCP (eng. Tool Center Point) control final statement "G49" or not (S2). If it is determined that there is "G49" is the TCP control completion statement, the TCP control is terminated. If it is determined that it is not the TCP control final statement "G49", it is determined whether the block read a coordinate system transformation statement "P1" or not (S3). If it is next determined that it is not the coordinates system transformation statement "P1", the TCP control is performed without transforming the coordinate system, in accordance with an instruction of the block (S11). Next, the process returns to S1 and the process is carried out for S1. If it is determined that it is the coordinate system transformation statement "P1", will be a starting point (xs, ys, zs, bs, cs) and an end point (xe, ye, ze, be, ce) in the non-machine coordinate system of the block in a starting point (Xs, Ys, Zs, Bs, Cs) or an end point (Xe, Ye, Ze, Be, Ce) is transformed into a machine coordinate system.


The analytical equation for the Liesegang operator has been obtained. The genetic relation between the Liesegang operator describing the behavior of the non-equilibrium oxyhydrate gel and the Hamiltonian of the vibrating sorption system is shown.

Having applied the principle of separability and having used the Liesegang operator we succeeded in giving the analytical description (to suggest the periodic sorption isoterms) of the sorption states of gel systems in coordinates u = f(t) and u = f(cp), where u is the value of sorbtion.


For modelling the consequences of any large-scale disaster, a fundamental input into the model is a quantifiable description of the built environment at risk. Accurate inventories of the built environment are essential to the model in order to realise social, economic and engineering consequences of the disaster. This paper describes current efforts in developing urban building inventories and their descriptors using advanced technologies and methods, as part of the Mid-America Earthquake Center's initiative to minimise consequences of earthquakes in the Mid-America region. The paper illustrates the use of advanced data such as Lidar, and advanced aerial photographs, cutting-edge quantitative models such as multinomial logistic regression and artificial neural networks and innovative approaches to spatial computing in the preparation of urban inventories for earthquake risk modelling.


The invention relates to a Huai chrysanthemum yellow rice wine, which is prepared by immersing rice, steaming rice, performing saccharification and fermentation, squeezing and aging, the raw materials comprises 4-6 parts of rice, 1-2 parts of Huai chrysanthemum, 1-2 parts of wheat koji,2-4 parts of sour slurry and 4-6 parts of water. The method of the invention extracts and keeps the active component of the Huai chrysanthemum with maximum limit. The brewed yellow rice wine has the advantages of comprehensive nutrition components, rich mouthfeel, harmonization and high nutrition value, and has efficacy of dispelling wind, cleaning heat, improving eyesight and detoxication. Frequent drinking of the Huai chrysanthemum yellow rice wine is capable of recovering the physiological function of organism, enhancing human immune capability, delaying senescence and prolonging life.


A low current grounding intelligent route selecting method comprises: firstly judging whether the grounding fault happens or not; then acquiring the zero sequence current data before or after the fault to judge the route selecting. The steps for processing the obtained current data by sampling comprise: selecting the appropriate wavelet function; performing the wavelet decomposition for the fault signal; selecting the decomposition dimension with the maximum value as the characteristic dimension information of the fault; performing the wavelet reconstruction for the characteristic dimension information; judging the fault line. The apparatus for implementing the method comprises an event management module, a data processing module, a data acquiring module, a data communication module, a power supply module, a display and control module and a CAN communication module; the power supply module is connected with each module for supplying power; the output signal of the data acquiring module is transferred to the data processing module, the data processing module is connected with the event management module to perform the data communication; the event management module output is connected with the display and control module and the CAN communication module. The invention solves the problems existing in the prior art.


Nonadherence to inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) in children with asthma leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Few adherence interventions have been effective and little is known about what contributes to intervention effectiveness. This systematic review summarizes the efficacy and the characteristics of effective interventions.


A process for preparing a water resistant luminous pigment is characterized in that a luminous pigment, in which an oxide matrix comprising at least one element selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Zn and at least one element selected from B, Al, P and Ga is doped with at least one rare-earth metal element, is subjected to an acid treatment under the pH of not more than 3 using at least one acidic compound selected from acids and acid generating compounds, and is subsequently subjected to an analkaline treatment under the pH 4-9 using at least one alkaline compound selected from alkalis and alkali generating compounds.


Families are said to be in good Kadarzi behavior when they adhere to five indicators, namely being weighed regularly, exclusive breastfeeding, eating a variety of foods, using iodized salt and using food supplements. Deformity is a disease caused by an imbalance in nutrition during the golden age, not a growth hormone abnormality or due to certain diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the behavior of a family who is aware of nutrition (kadarzi) and the incidence of stunting in toddlers at the Rejosari Health Center in Pekanbaru. The type of quantitative research with a cross-sectional design is to examine the relationship between the behavior of families who are aware of nutrition and the incidence of stunting in toddlers at the Rejosari Health Center, Pekanbaru City. This research was conducted at the Rejosari Health Center in Pekanbaru City, which was held from March to August 2022. The population in this study were all mothers who had babies at the Rejosari Health Center, Pekanbaru City, totaling 250 people. The sample is 154 people. From the results of the study it can be concluded that the behavior of families who are aware of nutrition at the Rejosari Health Center in Pekanbaru is less than 97 people (63%) and the behavior (level) of families who are aware of adequate nutrition. for 57 people (37%). At the Rejosari Health Center in Pekanbaru, 81 people (52.6%) and 73 people (47.4%) had growth problems. The results of the analysis obtained a p-value of 0.020 and the coefficient (OR) = 2.198, so this means that there is a relationship between the behavior of families who are aware of nutrition (kadarzi) and the incidence of stunting in toddlers at the Rejosari Health Center in Pekanbaru City. It is hoped that the officers can provide counseling and counseling to the public about family behavior that is aware of diet and its relationship to stunting.


Does government spending on health lead to better health outcomes in southern African countries? Government spending on health in these 10 countries (Angola, Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania and Zambia) is greater than private sector health spending. A need arises to empirically estimate whether government health spending impacts health outcomes more than private spending. Using the fixed-effects regression method, this paper finds that despite more health expenditure by government, it is private health expenditure, in comparison, that impacts health outcomes the most in southern African countries with mixed health systems. The results further show that after controlling for corruption, government health expenditure has no significant effect on life expenditure at birth but considerably improves mortality rates.


1. A method for service control instances in the first network node (2, 3, 22, 70, 80) of the network (1) communication, the method comprising the steps of: tracking a plurality of bi-directional and different network paths (7, 8, 26, 27, 28) for carrying a certain number of instances (10a, 10b, 10c, 24, 25, 41, 42) of services of the first network node to the second network node (2, 3, 22, 70, 80), wherein the number of said network protecting group generates paths associated with corresponding service instance or a group of service instances, said tracking comprises the steps of and wherein: continuously and periodically sending (56) the integrity of the control message (CCM) (11) according monitors network path (7, 8, 26, 27, 28) in the second network node (2, 3, 22, 70, 80); in response to the occurrence of a predetermined event include a (53) bit indicator in CCM (11) that are sent to said monitor network path for a predetermined first period of time after the occurrence of said predetermined event, wherein the indicator bit indicates the presence of an information element (13a-d, 44a-d) mismatch in CCM, which includes an indicator bit, wherein the information element mismatch includes information that indicates for each group for which said tracking network path is an element traffic state of the working network path and protective network path group zaschity.2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said number of service instances are backbone services (10a, 10b, 10c), and said plurality of network paths are instances of services traffic regulation (TESI) (7, 8)


High-precision inertial navigation test device usually adopts Inductosyns as its angle-position measuring elements,and combine with a pair of resolvers to form coarse/fine combined angle measuring system.In practical working environment of the combined angle measuring system,temperature drift error exists because of environment temperature variation,which restricts the application scope of the combined angle measuring system.By analyzing the working principle of the combined angle measuring system and the cause of the temperature drift error,the error mitigation methods were put forward.In hardware,the filter design was optimized.In software,a new combined angle measurement algorithm was proposed.Through these methods,the angle measurement with high reliability and high precision was realized.By analyzing and experiment,it's proved that the positive and negative temperature drift error within 0.5° can be mitigated effectively.


In this paper, we develop 2-dimensional algebraic theory which closely follows the classical theory of modules. The main results are giving definitions of 2-module and the representation of 2-ring. Moreover, for a 2-ring $\cR$, we prove that its modules form a 2-Abelian category.


The present article approaches the Latin-American crisis, defined as structural in the context of the integration of the region to the world system through its commercial decline.


Abstract Over 2,000,000 miles of testing on tires containing Diene rubber in blends with natural rubber or SBR show conclusively the advantages of using these stocks. Important improvements in abrasion and cracking resistance, operating temperature, rolling resistance and gasoline consumption, and traction on snow should be mentioned. At the present time, all of the Diene rubber being manufactured in a pilot plant is being utilized in production of tire stocks. It is certain that this usage will be greatly expanded in the near future when the full scale plant goes on stream.


My respect and admiration for Marva Dawn grew with each chapter of this, her latest book. An accomplished and widely read theological and pastoral author, speaker, and teacher, Dawn explores in Being Well When We're Ill the depths of human suffering that she herself quite literally has embodied throughout her life. She catalogues her physical sufferings and profound losses: a kidney transplant, blindness, being for some time crippled, and having a diagnosis of breast cancer, for example. Yet Dawn does not write in order to complain to her reader, nor to show off as though her illnesses were badges of honor, but to illustrate by scenes from her own life and those of others how to praise her God in the midst of suffering. And she should certainly be taken as an authority on this question. Those who also suffer from physical or mental illnesses will glean much comfort from Being Well When We're Ill. Dawn understands human suffering from the inside, and yet opens the reader to the activity of God in the life of even those who suffer great pain. She points not to herself in this book, but like John the Baptist, ever toward Christ the Lamb of God who takes away the sin and suffering of the world. Each chapter begins with a Psalm and ends with a prayer. This sets each chapter within the framework of the religious life, indeed within Christian confession. Some of the themes treated are loss of dreams, meaninglessness, retribution ("and other bad ideas"!), boredom, worry, regret, redemptive suffering. She ends with a chapter, "Infirmity and the Trinity's Larger Story," a vision of eschatological healing and wholeness. One minor complaint that I have is that Dawn has chosen to use the term "First Testament" for what is usually called the Old Testament


The following research attempts to approach the problem of automated essay scoring, a long-standing goal in the world of natural language processing. We approached this problem using deep learning techniques, rather than more commonly used machine learning techniques like bag-of-words logistic regression or support vector machines. We implemented and trained our own single-layer unidirectional LSTM network, multi-layer unidirectional LSTM network, wordlevel recurrent highway network, and word-to-sentence-level recurrent highway network. We used a dataset provided by the platform Kaggle, which hosted a competition sponsored by the Hewlett Foundation, the creator of the dataset. We allocated essay scores into one of four buckets (0,1,2,3) to account for different grading schemes. After training our models on virtual machines, we found that the multi-layer unidirectional LSTM outperformed the rest of the models, producing an accuracy of approximately 0.63. However, the recurrent highway network and the single layer unidirectional LSTM both did relatively well as well, with accuracies around 0.54 and 0.55 respectively.


Background: In 1970, Dr. Lorenz Zimmerman delivered the Norman McAlister Gregg Lecture entitled "The remarkable polymorphism of tumors of the ciliary epithelium." Therein, he proposed a classification of these tumors that included congenital lesions (mainly medulloepithelioma) and acquired lesions (mainly adenoma and adenocarcinoma). The classification was based on histopathologic observations without detailed clinical information. Methods: Review of the published literature and personal experience with tumors of the nonpigmented ciliary body epithelium. Results: Since 1970, further observations through clinical examination and advanced testing with ultrasound biomicroscopy, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging have expanded our knowledge regarding tumors of the nonpigmented ciliary body epithelium. Regarding medulloepithelioma, we have learned of the common associated features of neovascular glaucoma, retrolenticular neoplastic or vascular cyclitic membrane, intralesional cysts, response to radiotherapy, and association with Dicer-1 mutation. Regarding adenoma/adenocarcinoma, improved management with surgical resection (sparing globe) can be achieved. Fuchs adenoma, also termed coronal adenoma, is commonly found histopathologically, despite its rare clinical visualization, and should be added to the Zimmerman classification. Conclusion: Since Zimmerman's report on histopathologic features of tumors of the nonpigmented ciliary body epithelium, there have been numerous publications and further observations on the clinical features and management of these intriguing neoplasms.


A two-dimensional (2D) periodic coloured tiling has a colour symmetry if it is invariant against a symmetry operation involving the change of colours. The idea of colour symmetry may also be adopted for another type of symmetry, namely the inflation symmetry for self-similar structures. A general method for constructing substitution rules that generate a class of 2D aperiodic coloured tilings is presented, where we assume that there are only two colours and a single shape for the tiles. These structures are limit-periodic, and we will call them super-coloured tilings (SCTs). SCTs form an important class of aperiodic ordered structures with a perfect long-range order. Since their aperiodicity relies on the colours of the tiles, an SCT reduces to a periodic tiling if the colours of the tiles are disregarded.


Rationale: Hypercalcemia is a common complication of many granulomatous diseases but is not typically associated with leishmaniasis. Here we report an unusual case of hypercalcemia during the initiation of antiviral therapy in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome coinfected with visceral leishmaniasis. Patient Concerns: Our patient presented with malaise and altered mental status following antiretroviral therapy initiation. He was found to have de novo hypercalcemia complicated by acute kidney injury. Diagnosis, interventions, and outcomes: An extensive workup for other etiologies of hypercalcemia was negative. The patient was ultimately thought to have hypercalcemia secondary to visceral leishmaniasis in the setting of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. He was treated with intravenous volume expansion, bisphosphonates, and oral corticosteroid therapy with complete resolution. Lessons: This case highlights an unusual presentation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, in which proinflammatory cytokine signaling during the restoration of cellular immunity may have led to increased ectopic calcitriol production by granuloma macrophages, thereby altering bone-mineral metabolism and driving hypercalcemia.


Obstruction of the Airway during the Operation In an unconscious patient the possibility of obstruction of the airway by the tongue must be borne in mind. With an unconscious patient in the dental chair, the tongue is not as likely to fall back and occlude the laryngeal opening as when he is recumbent, but it may be pushed back inadvertently by the dentist. It is the anaesthetist's duty to keep the airway clear, but he may, in practice, wittingly allow obstruction of this type to persist unrelieved in a fit patient for five to ten seconds if it assists the operator in a difficult extraction. The anaesthetist should, however, appreciate that the anaesthetic is being complicated by respiratory obstruction and consequent anoxaemia, and if this time is exceeded he mLust insist on co-operation from the dentist in re-establishing a clear airway. The condition is most likely to occur during extractions in the lower jaw. With his non-extracting hand the dentist is inclined to obtain purchase by depressing and pushing back the lower jaw, and with it the tonguie. To prevent this type of obstruction the anaesthetist should exert counter-pressure by pushing the lower jaw firmly forwards from the angle. The dentist should also assist by pulling the lower jaw forwards and upwards with his nonextracting hand instead of puLshing it backwards and downwards. From the nature of the work the danger of respiratory obstruction is ever present in dental surgery. An operation in the mouth should not be performed without a sponge attached to a tape in position to safeguard the larynx from obstruction by blood or debris. A sponge should never be left in the mouth unless a tape is attached to it. If it becomes soaked in blood or mucus it can obstruct respiration by slipping into the larynx, and without an attached tape may be very difficult to remove. A soiled sponge must be substituted by a fresh one as often as necessary. The first essential in anaesthesia for any type of surgery is the maintenance of a clear airway. Neglect of this rule is the most fruitful cause of lack of smoothness in anaesthesia, and of danger. Complete protection of the air passages during dental work can only be afforded by endotracheal anaesthesia, which assures a clear airway and enables packing-off of the pharynx to be perfect. For practical purposes, however, this is advisable only for major dental operations, which should not be undertaken in the dental surgery, but in a hospital or nursing home.


Abstract An automatic peptide library synthesizer capable of randomizing 20 building blocks in 20 reaction vessels is described. The design is based on uniform bead distribution by gravity sedimentation after thorough mixing by inert gas bubbling and stirring. The instrument can be alternatively used as a multiple peptide synthesizer since it can deliver any reagent to any reaction vessel.


Abstract : Part I of this paper describes the current and future security environment in Europe and its implications for both the European Union and Bulgaria. This section then provides additional details on the environment Bulgaria faces and will face in the near future. Part II briefly summarizes the European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP), and makes recommendations for the Bulgarian contribution to ESDP. Part III describes current trends in the armed forces of the European Union and European NATO countries. In conclusion, the paper makes recommendations for Bulgarian force structure changes.


Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common cause for women of all ages to consult their physicians. The specific diagnostic approach depends whether the patient is premenopausal, perimenopausal or postmenopausal. Hence hormonal therapy, endometrial biopsy, hysterectomy or imaging studies can be done accordingly. Retrospective analysis of endometrial biopsies to find out the spectrum of causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in different age groups. A total of 435 cases of endometrial biopsies were examined during a three year study period from Jan 2010 Dec 2012 was examined. Serial sections, 3 – 5 μ were stained with Haematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) stain. 156 endometrial biopsies obtained by dilatation and curettage and 279 cases from hysterectomy specimens were reported. The majority of cases of AUB were noted in perimenopausal age group constituting 258(59.31%) of total cases, the rest being reproductive age 146(33.56%) and postmenopausal 31(7.13%) age group. The most common pattern was normal cyclic endometrium in 200(45.48%) cases, disordered proliferative endometrium in 56(12.88%), hormonal effect 16(3.68%), endometrial polyp 10( 2.30%), endometrial hyperplasia 73(16.78%), endometrial stromal tumor 1(0.23%), endometrial carcinoma 5(1.15%) , gestational endometrium 41(9.43%), vesicular mole5(1.15%), irregular ripening 3(0.69%), irregular shedding 1(0.23%), chronic endometritis 6(1.38%), atrophic endometrium 17(3.91%) , inadequate biopsy 1(0.23%). The study of endometrial biopsies helps to evaluate the cause of abnormal uterine bleeding, thus helps the clinician to guide for appropriate therapeutic intervention.


Two new species of the genus Euxesta Loew are described and illustrated: E. pacifica from California and E. atlantica from Florida, in the Quaternaria subgroup of the Notata group. A key is presented to the two new species, as well as E. calligyna (Bigot 1857), E. quaternaria Loew (1868), E. luteocesta Foote (1960), and E. nigricans Wulp (1903) of the quaternaria subgroup.


Oxygen free radicals have been implicated in a variety of pathophysiological conditions and vascular smooth muscle can be a site of damage in such oxygen toxicity. Mechanisms of the effects of these radials on the vascular smooth muscle at the cellular level, however, have not been well studied. In the present study, the authors report that the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP{sub 3})-induced Ca{sup 2+}-release from bovine aortic SR was also affected by O{sub 2}{sup {minus}}. Hypoxanthine plus xanthine oxidase in the presence of catalase stimulated the IP{sub 3}-induced Ca{sup 2+}-release from SR monitored using arsenazo III. At 10 {mu}M IP{sub 3}, the release was doubled by O{sub 2}{sup {minus}} treatment. As a consequence of using higher SR protein concentrations required to observe the Ca{sup 2+}-uptake inhibition induced by O{sub 2}{sup {minus}}. Since the effect of O{sub 2}{sup {minus}} was not seen when a non-hydrolyzable analogue of IP{sub 3} is used to induce Ca{sup 2+}-release, O{sub 2}{sup {minus}} may be inhibiting the degradation processes of IP{sub 3} rather than having an influence on the release channel per se.


BACKGROUND
Tumor marker cancer antigen (CA) 27.29 and combined [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scans are used to follow up response to treatment and disease progression in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Recently, circulating tumor cell testing (CTC) has been used in this context. It is not known if 1 of the 3 tests can be a surrogate for another.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
We analyzed a database of 35 patients with MBC. There were 173 time points (> or = 6 weeks apart) when > or = 2 of these tests were performed. Correlation among all the 3 tests was statistically analyzed.

RESULTS
Results of PET/CT scans were compared with CA 27.29 at 163 time points. There was a statistically significant correlation between both groups (P = .02); however, sensitivity of CA 27.29 to detect metastatic disease observed on PET/CT scan was 59%. The results of PET/CT scans were compared with CTC at 93 events, where there was a statistically significant correlation between both groups (P = .0002); however, sensitivity of CTC to detect metastatic disease shown on PET/CT scans was 55%. Cancer antigen 27.29 results were also compared to CTC at 100 events, where there was a statistically significant correlation between both groups (P = .0002). However, only 64% of patients with high CA 27.29 had abnormal CTC.

CONCLUSION
Our data shows correlation among PET/CT scan, CA 27.29, and CTC. However, both CA 27.29 and CTC had poor sensitivity and negative predictive value to detect metastatic disease observed on PET/CT scan. Normal CA 27.29 testing or CTC has to be interpreted cautiously in patients with MBC.


but nowhere west of that. The latter is three times the height of the former, and constantly deep blue. I was surprised to see the difference in grasses here from those of the rich, alluvial valleys of the west of the State; Agrostis sc'ara, Willd., Aristida gracilis, Ell., Festuca tenella, Willd., and Sporobolus heterolepis, Gray, all indicative of a thin soil and just suited to our decomposed Iowa-granite sub-soil. H-ence 1 fear, botanical science with the geoographical distribution of plants, most exactly confirms the exhibit of Iowa soils at the Ccntennial-mlaking that of Story county the thinnest of all; a fact confirmed by abounding Jfuccus tennis and Artemisiia CGanadzesis, both unknown


Oil exploration prospects in an area are typically dependent due to common geological factors. These dependencies can have major impact on how a drilling program should be carried out in the area in order to maximize the income. Despite this, oil companies tend to use these dependencies only to update marginal discovery probabilities after a well has been drilled. The main reason for this is that this is done ad hoc based on the geological understanding, without an explicit underlying model. Thus, exploring possibilities in advance of drilling becomes too time consuming. We show how Bayesian networks can be used to capture and summarize the underlying geological dependencies in a consistent manner. This gives a full joint probability distribution for all prospects in the area, which easily updates when new wells are drilled. The quick and easy updating allows testing of different exploration strategies. All elements in the network have direct physical interpretation, making it simple both to build the networks and to see which geological effects that have been included. The methodology has been tested on several real world cases, and we present a case based on one of these.


.......................................................................................................................................2 1. Climate and Traffic ...................................................................................................................4 1.1 Global Climate Change .................................................................................................4 1.2 GDP, Traffic Volume and CO2 Emissions of Traffic in the EU15 ................................5 1.3 GDP, Road Traffic Volume and CO2 Emissions from Road Traffic in Finland.............6 2. Research Problem.....................................................................................................................7 3. Five Scenarios on CO2 Policy of Traffic ...................................................................................8 3.1 Choosing the Scenarios.................................................................................................8 3.2 Business as Usual........................................................................................................10 3.3 Economic and Technological Optimism .....................................................................12 3.4 Ecological Modernisation ...........................................................................................14 3.5 Structural Change .......................................................................................................15 3.6 Deep Ecology .............................................................................................................16 3.7 Summary of the Scenarios ..........................................................................................18 4. Discussion...............................................................................................................................19 References ..................................................................................................................................20


Landscape pattern analysis is a hot issue in wetland ecology and global change research.Observation of the landscape pattern depends on the scale of observation or analysis,so the optimal grain (grain size) is the key factor to calculate landscape indices and improve the accuracy of landscape pattern analysis.To solve this problem,an optimal grain selection method was developed,which integrates two methods:the grain effect analysis of landscape index and data loss assessment.Using this method,the optimal grain in the Daliaohe watershed was determined before landscape pattern analysis.By analyzing the grain inflexions of the landscape index comprehensively,we found that 40~60 m and 110~200 m were the appropriate grain ranges.Data loss assessment showed that 40~60 m was the appropriate grain extent.In addition,the time-consumption factor was considered and 60 m was selected as the optimal grain for landscape pattern analysis of the wetland.Based on the optimal grain,composition and structure indices were chosen to describe the pattern of the study area.Analysis of the landscape patterns revealed that:① The landscapes of the study region were dominated by paddy,river and swamp,among which artificial wetlands were the most prevalent.Wetland landscape types with small average patch size were prevalent,implying that the wetland landscape was significantly affected by human activities.② The shapes of the river and reservoir were complex,while paddy fields and the lake were relatively regular.The aggregation of reservoirs and paddy fields was higher,while that of ponds and beaches was lower.The whole wetland landscape shape was complex,the degree of aggregation was not high,and the degree of fragmentation was high.


A class of combustion problem with shock layers is considered.A modified perturbation method is presented.Using this simple and valid technique,we construct the boundary and the shock layers solution to the problem,and the asymptotic behavior of the solution is discussed.The modifying perturbation method is shown to be a valid method.


The characters and internal structure of NCP1215,which is a controller of switching mode power supply with variable OFF time control method,developed by ONSEMI,are presented briefly.Its power consumption is decreased by the control method of invariable ONtime and variable OFF time,when it is at light load or it is standby.Based on this kind of controller,a lowstandby power consumption switching power supply charger is designed.


There is an exponential increase in the number of articles across diverse topics published in various media around the globe. A digital management system would help users to find the relevant topics of discussion in the system and help to find articles of their interest. This project implements a categorization model that uses a hybrid model consisting of BiLSTM and ANN that performs the classification of news articles into chosen topics by using the hypernyms and hyponyms of the words present in them. The BiLSTM model maps the semantic structure of the articles and the ANN model maps the semantic meaning of the article with the help of hypernyms and hyponyms. The performance of the hybrid classification model for news articles spread across six categories is measured over different chosen levels of hypernyms and hyponyms was analyzed. The model performed the best when the hybrid combination of Level 1-2-3 of hypernyms along with the words of the articles is used, achieving a high testing accuracy of 61.33%.


The exchange isotherms of Ni-, Co-, and Cr-clays were obtained against Na, K, NH4, H, Mg and Al ions. In general, the following order of release is shown: Co=Ni > Cr. The sequence of adsorption is the reverse of it. These sequences are more or less in agreement with the lyotrope series. The exchange behaviour of H ion is anomalous, as has often been observed in the case of similar colloidal reactions. The exchange behaviours of NH4 and K, and Co and Ni ions, each pair having nearly identical radii, are nearly the same.


Traditional viewpoints believe that the feeling of pain is the reaction of the nervous system from physical injury or external stimulation.However many studies suggest that the relationship between pain and the strength of stimulation is not reciprocal.There are many other factors affecting individual pain,for example,psychological factors.This paper focuses on the physiological mechanism of pain and its characteristics,the relationship between pain and psychology,and proposes psychological treatment and nursing,in order to reduce the pain of patients and improve the quality of life of patients.


Foie gras is a processing method involving a method for the production of food. In foie gras as raw material, thawed, washed, cooked, pre-formed, pickled, emulsifying, encapsulating, sterilization; pretreatment gras placed in a vacuum bowl chopper, homogenized into foie gras paste; curing said perfume microcapsules is added to the paste in foie gras, placed under the 0 ~ 4 ℃ aged 24 hours after mixing; wherein the mass ratio of foie gras paste flavor microcapsules to 10/3; the foie gras is emulsified mixed paste and curing the composite abrasive additives; the additive compound is a vegetable oil, lecithin, red yeast powder, soy protein isolate, starch, carrageenan; foie gras paste additive composite mass ratio of 62 ~ 65:100. The present invention after more than a simple process to produce foie gras, no smell, can be greater mass appeal, the public can become more easily affordable food.


Management of early rectal cancer following transanal microscopic anal surgery poses a management dilemma when the histopathology reveals poor prognostic features, due to high risk of local recurrence. The aim of this study is to evaluate the oncological outcomes of such patients who undergo surgery with total mesorectal excision (TME), receive adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy (CRDT/RT) or receive close surveillance only (no further treatment).


The occult deposition of nutrients and pollutants, such as ammonium (NH4 ), nitrate (NO3 ), and sulfate (SO4 ), and other major ions, has not yet been quantified at the "Waldstein" research site in a montane forest ecosystem in Central Europe. An eddy covariance measuring system, consisting of an ultrasonic anemometer and a fast ground based fog droplet spectrometer, was used to determine turbulent fogwater deposition fluxes. For the additional quantification of deposition fluxes of ions, fog water was collected on a single event basis for chemical analysis. First results from a field campaign from late June through early December 2000 show a contribution of 4.5% of fog water to the total water input. For NH4 , NO3 , and SO4 , the contribution of fogwater deposition in total (rain + fog) deposition is estimated as 44%, 51%, and 52%, respectively.


Pancreatic fibrosis is being recognized with increasing frequency and it is now known to be one of the important causes of death in infants and young children. In 1938, Blackfan and May (3) found 35 cases in 2,800 autopsies done in a period of fifteen years. In the same year Andersen (1) reported 49 cases, an incidence of 3 per cent, in her necropsy records. In the year 1942 the records of the Children's Hospital (Boston) showed that 12 per cent of the autopsied cases exhibited pancreatic fibrosis of a significant degree. Although there have been several excellent reviews (1, 5, 6) and numerous papers devoted to certain aspects of pancreatic insufficiency, the literature shows a decided paucity of description of the roentgenologic aspects. The moment seems opportune, therefore, for the presentation of our experience with over 50 patients who have manifested the changes of pancreatic fibrosis. A brief review of the clinical and pathological findings is necessary for a proper understanding of the roentgenol...


Literature is meaningful because from literature people are able to see the world from other perspective. Literature is a kind of reflection from people's life and it tells people how to face a certain problem that may appear based on the author's eyes. Through literature, the readers are able to know about the problem and the struggle faced by the other person.

This study was conducted to analyze parenting style of the main character in the "The Last Song" novel. The analysis was focused on Steve's parenting style to her daughter, Ronnie. The research problems were the kinds of Steve's parenting style, the reasons of Steve's parenting style and the effects of Steve's parenting style.

In analyzing the data, this research used descriptive qualitative because it focused on understanding and interpreting the story in the novel instead of counting the statistic data. The technique of this research was library research because most of the information was taken from books, research journal and articles as the source of analysis. The approach used was objective research because the writer studied the novel written by the author without concerning the life background of the author.

Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that there were two kinds of parenting style done by Steve, they were authoritative parenting style and permissive parenting style. There were two reasons in choosing parenting styles. First, Steve applied parenting style based on Ronnie's characteristic. Second, Steve had short time to live because of his deadly disease. The effects of Steve's parenting style to Ronnie were: 1) She wanted to have breakfast with her dad, 2) kissed him before she slept, 3) Gave him a hug, prepare the dinner together, and 4) Forgave his fault that left the family and took care of him patiently.


In Chinese minority scientific history research,anthropological methods are adopted consciously or unconsciously.As human behaviour and activity,the change from minority scientific history to scientific anthropology will broaden and deepen such research and reach a general viewpoint about minority scientific civilization.


The future mobile telecom systems will consists of a set of different radio access networks. A typical scenario will consist of at least one network that covers wide geographical area supplemented by so-called hot spots that provides higher bandwidth access within limited areas. When the user finds himself in these hot spots he will frequently have to choose which wireless link to use to connect to the core network according to his needs and the characteristics of the available wireless networks. There will be a handover algorithm that takes these decisions on behalf of the user. Different handover algorithms will choose different wireless networks and correspond in a varying degree to the user's needs. In other words, the user may be more or less satisfied with his telecom services depending on which handover algorithm is used. In this paper, an approach to evaluate the user satisfaction in such a scenario is described. A set of simple mobility models and handover algorithms are used to illustrate this approach, and a user satisfaction function will determine which handover algorithm is best for the various scenarios. The mobility models, the handover algorithms and the user satisfaction function presented are simple, but they will nevertheless serve as good illustrations of how to approach the problem of user satisfaction in overlay networks. Further study can develop these models more, incorporating other parameters and features, and thus get more detailed and realistic estimates of the user satisfaction using the same principles as outlined in this paper.


Unwanted facial hair is a common problem and requires different grooming regimens or treatments. Shaving beard hair can cause undesirable skin effects, such as irritation, razor burn, razor nick, and pseudofolliculitis barbae. This study explores male behaviors related to shaving facial hair and the consequential effects on the shaved skin. A questionnaire‐based, cross‐sectional, analytical study was conducted on 340 healthy men. Most of the participants were manual shavers. Approximately one‐third of the manual shavers prepared their skin for shaving, compared to 13% of the electric shavers. The most common shaving‐related skin problems were irritation and dryness, razor burn, razor nicks, and pseudofolliculitis barbae. The shaving‐related skin problems resulted from individual skin conditions and their shaving techniques. Appropriate skin preparation should be undertaken before shaving, and post‐shaving care products should be used to avoid problems.


The drumming signals of two Japanese stonefly species are here described for the first time. Both species belong to the same genus Calineuria but the signals differ clearly as to the method used in the production of the first part of the signal, as to the tapping frequency and the duration of the whole signal.


We studied the effects of two commercial heparin (H) preparations, from bovine lungs (HL) and pig intestine (HI), on the interaction of human plateletswith collagen substrates, and tested a possibility of modulating these effects by aspirin. PRP was incubated in the presence or absence of H with human collagens type IV and III (CIV and Cl I I) adsorbed ona plastic surface. Platelet adhesion and spreading on CIV and aggregation on Cl I I was quantitated by scanning electron microscopy. HL and HI were added to platelets in the concentrations approximating to those achieved in vivo at heparin therapy (0.5̲5.0 U/m 1) . HL and H|=I raised the number of adherent platelets, but do not alter the percentage of spread platelets on CIV. Both preparations had approximately equal effect, increasing platelet adhesion by 1.5 to2-fold at 2.5 U/ml . HL and HI potentiate the formation of. surface-bound aggregates on CIII, enlargingthe total substrate surface coated with aggregates. This effect is achieved due to increased size and number of aggregates. At 2.5 U/ml both preparations potentiate aggregation 2- to 3"fold. Aspirin has no effect on platelet adhesion and spreading both in the absence and presence of HL/HI. In the absence of H, aspirin decreased platelet aggregation on CIII, reducing the aggregate-coated area by 40-50%. The inhibition was related mainly to reducednumber, not the size of aggregates. Aspirin failed to prevent potentiation of the Clll-induced aggregation by HL/HI.


Objective
To investigate the association between tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and lymphotoxin α(LTα) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and susceptibility to extremity post-traumatic osteomyelitis in Chinese population.

Methods
We used SNaPshot genotyping method to detect genotypes of 6 TNF-α gene SNP sites (rs1799964, rs1800630, rs1799724, rs1800750, rs1800629 and rs361525) and 1 LTα gene SNP site of rs909253 in 189 patients with post-traumatic osteomyelitis and 200 healthy controls. Genetic models were applied to investigate the potential links between the above-mentioned SNPs and risks of developing post-traumatic osteomyelitis.

Results
Outcomes revealed that the frequency of mutant allele C of rs909253 in the patient group was statistically higher than that in healthy controls (54.23% versus 45.00%, P=0.010, OR=1.448, 95%CI 1.092~1.921). Significant correlations were found between rs909253 and risk of developing post-traumatic osteomyelitis by recessive model (CC versus CT+TT, P=0.012, OR=1.868, 95%CI 1.150~3.035) and homozygote model (CC versus TT, P=0.021, OR=2.016, 95%CI 1.111~3.658). The frequency of CC (29.63%) in the patient group was higher than that in the control group (17.50%). With regard to rs1800629 site of TNF-α gene, we only found that the frequency of mutant allele A (4.23%) in the patient group was statistically lower than that(7.75%) in the control group (P=0.040, OR=0.526, 95%CI 0.283~0.978).

Conclusions
LTα gene SNP site rs909253 may be linked with elevated risk of developing post-traumatic osteomyelitis in Chinese population. Mutant allele C may be a risk factor and people with genotype of CC may be a group at a higher risk of developing post-traumatic osteomyelitis in China.

Key words:
Osteomyelitis; Tumor necrosis factors; Case-control studies; Gene polymorphisms; Onset risk


A scalable straightforward synthesis of monofluoro- and difluoro-methyl -triflate CF3SO2OCH2F (MH2F) and CF3SO2OCHF2 (MHF2) via electrochemical fluorination (Simons process, ECF) of methyl triflate MH3 in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride at nickel anodes is pre-sent-ed. The ECF method is also feasible for the preparation of the deuterated analogues CF3SO2OCD2F (MD2F) and CF3SO2OCDF2 (MD2F). Surprisingly, no H/D exchange occurs during ECF of CF3SO2OCD3 (MD3), which provides further evidence for a NiF3/NiF4-mediated ECF mechanism. The ECF of selected partially fluorinated ethyl triflates is described and electro-chemical fluorination of CF3SO2-O-CH2CF3 (EH2F3) leads to the so far unknown chiral CF3SO2-OCHFCF3 (EHFF3). The analogous fluoromethyl and fluoroethyl nonaflates are also accessible via ECF. The present study contains detailed spec-tros-copic, structural, and thermal data on (fluoro)methyl and fluoro(ethyl) triflates.


Objective: This systematic review aims to assess the Magnitude and determinants of mental illnesses among the
prisoners in Asian region. The following database will be considered- Medline, E Methods: pistemonikos, PsycINFO,
web of science and Embase to access the relevant studies. Cross-sectional and cohort studies which aims at assessing the prevalence and
associated factors of mental illness among prisoners in Asia will be included. Randomised controlled trials, qualitative studies, systematic
reviews, policy papers, commentaries, opinions, case studies, case series or studies with methodological issues will be excluded. Articles selected
after secondary screening will be subjected to data extraction using a pre-structured sheet. All eligible articles will be critically appraised to assess
their methodological rigor using STROBE checklist. The descriptive information will be synthesised for each outcome of the included studies. If
homogenous data will be found, pooled prevalence will be calculated. The ndings of Discussion: the review will be an eye opener for policy
makers, healthcare practitioners and scientists to develop appropriate and feasible mental health interventions for improving the mental health of
prisoners detained in prisons of Asian countries.


A simplified version of the Lee-Smith algorithm (W.C. Y. Lee and H.L. Smith, ibid., vol. VT-32, p.177-90, May 1983) is proposed for computing the probability of outage and the bit error rate (BER) due to autointerference in multiple-access spread-spectrum radio systems. The model assumes a pair of transmitting and receiving radios in a region where there are other radios operating in the same band. Each radio is characterized by its own spatial distribution, transmitting power, activity coefficient (denoting the percentage of time the radio is active), antenna height, and a set of carrier frequencies. The probability of outage with respect to the log-normal field-strength attenuation is derived assuming that the probability of having more than one interferer is very low. To allow maximal flexibility, the spatial, carrier frequency, and activity distributions are computer simulated for each radio. As an example of applying the method, the probability of error of an asynchronous frequency-hopping (FH) and a hybrid frequency-hopping/direct sequence (FH/DS) modulation schemes in environments with thousands of radios is reported. >


The utility model relates to an automatic adsorption handling system device for plates. The device is composed of a machine frame walking driving system, a pneumatic system and a vacuum system, wherein the machine frame walking driving system is composed of a machine frame, an adsorption frame, a track, a driving motor and traction devices. The pneumatic system comprises an air compressor and an air cylinder. The vacuum system is composed of a vacuum pump and suckers. The automatic adsorption handling system device for plates is characterized in that the adsorption frame and the air cylinder are of an integrated structure, the adsorption frame is located below the air cylinder and is capable of moving vertically through the air cylinder, the plurality of suckers are disposed on the adsorption frame, a traction device is respectively installed at both ends of the top of the machine frame, and the track is arranged between the two traction devices. The device achieves full-automatic handling, is capable of automatically piling up plates on packing bases without manual handling operation, only requires one worker to tidy plates on bases, saves manual work and prevents the plates from being scratched.


Without depending on light shielding structure, in the display device and a manufacturing method thereof capable enhance light resistance itself of the pixel transistor, a relatively small control average grain size of the polycrystalline silicon film 111 serving as an active layer of the pixel transistor by suppressing the light leakage current. As a small grain size containing many crystal defects. Carrier excited by light irradiation is rapidly supplemented by defect levels, and suppress an increase in light leakage current. On the other hand, the average crystal grain size of the polycrystalline silicon film 111 constituting the peripheral transistor is controlled to be relatively large. Carrier mobility as the grain size is enlarged increases the drive capability of the peripheral transistor is increased. The peripheral transistor compared to pixel transistors for sampling the scanning and image signals of the pixel, because the required high-speed operation.


To the Editor: The medical mystery in the October 30 issue1 concerned a 71-year-old man with a 10-day history of dizziness, progressive lethargy, and confusion. A complete blood count showed pancyt...


The objective of this research was to find out whether or not Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) had influence on the firm value. The CSR variable was measured based on the Global Reporting Initiatie 3.1 standard, while firm value was measured by using Tobin's Q. The sample was taken from 108 companies years in hospitality, restaurant, tourism, advertising, and media sectors within 2009-2013. The result of this research showsed that Corporate Social Responsibility had no significant influence on the firm value, while the other control variables like firm size, market share, and debt to equity ratio had significant influence on firm value, where both firm size and DER had negative influence on the firm value, while market share had positive influence on the firm value.


The aim of this research is to investigate the hardness of implant material Stainless Steel (SS) 316L due to ball peening at low temperature. In this paper, SS316L ball peening was conducted in various cryogenic temperature. The steel ball peening mechanism was bombarded on metal surface using peening ball. The shot peening treatment was performed for 10 minutes using steel balls with the size of 5 mm and 6 Bar compressed air flow. The treatment temperatures were carried out at-35°C, -45°C, and-55°C respectively. The results show that the hardness of SS316L after steel ball peening processes increasing as decreasing temperature treatment.


Empowerment of women and their participation in the development process has been considered an essential feature of development. Gender equality and empowerment of women is recognized globally as a key element to achieve progress in all areas. Rural women are regarded as voiceless and defenseless. So they are to be empowered to fight against the evils faced by them1. Empowerment of women involves many things economic opportunity, social equality and personal rights. Women are deprived of their human rights, often as a matter of tradition. Kudumbashree plays a vital role in enhancing the financial status of the less privileged women in the State through its thrift and credit societies. These societies facilitate them to save and provide them with cost-effective and easy credit. The savings of the women are pooled together and given out as loans to the most deserving. The programme has 39.97 lakh members and covers more than 50% of the households in Kerala. Today, there are 2.58 lakhs NHGs, over 19,854 ADSs and 1,073 CDSs in Kudumbashree. A total of 100 Kudumbashree members were selected from Devikulam Block, Kerala by using random sampling method. The data was collected through interview schedule and a three point empowerment scale. The study revealed that more than half of the respondents 55 per cent acquired medium level of empowerment while high level is attained by 19 per cent and 26 per cent are in low level empowerment. Kudumbashree Neighbourhood groups (NHG) are considered as the dynamic tools of empowerment as it adopt a participatory approach for empowerment producing credible results since its inception till date. Empowerment of women through Kudumbashree will undoubtedly have long term socioeconomic benefits. It could be concluded that the Kudumbashree programme could bring about radical changes in the lives of the poor sections of the society in the years to come.


The monotypic Khodzhakulemys gen. nov. is erected to include Mongolemys occidentalis Nessov, 1984, from the Khodzhakul Formation (upper Albian – lower Cenomanian), Khodzhakulsai, Sheikhdzheili and Khodzhakul localities, Uzbekistan. New genus is distinguished from Mongolemys by stronger developed buttresses and presence of nuchal emargination. By degree of development of buttresses Khodzhakulemys occupies transitional position between Mongolemys and Lindholmemys . Phylogenetic relationships of Khodzhakulemys could not be determined with certainty, due to scarce material on this genus. Presence of different genera of lindholmemydids in the late Cretaceous of Middle Asia ( Khodzhakulemys , Lindholmemys ) and Mongolia ( Mongolemys , Gravemys , Hongilemys ) emphasizes peculiarities of these late Cretaceous turtle faunas.


Reduced pyridine nucleotide and adenosine triphosphate are sources of reducing power and energy for the cellular metabolism and growth of photosynthetic algae and higher plants. Both are considered to be primary products of photosynthesis in these organisms (1) and are generated within chloroplast lamellae by a light-induced electron transfer chain. At least two separate lightdependent reactions are involved (2-8). The nature of the pathway of electron transfer in chloroplast lamellae remains one of the central problems in understanding the mechanism of photosynthesis. We have chosen to investigate this pathway, and its components, by utilizing mutant strains of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardi that are unable to fix CO2 by photosynthesis (9-11). Mutant strains of unicellular green algae having impaired photosynthesis, other than chlorophyll-deficient strains, were first reported for Ch.lmella vulgaris (12) and subsequently for Chlamydomonas reinhardi (9). Recently, a mutant strain of Scenedesmus with impaired photosynthesis has been obtained (13). One important feature of the mutant strains of C. reinhardi, in contrast to those found in Chlorella and Scenedesmus, is that they can be investigated in an organism having both a sexual cycle and well known genetics (14, 15). This makes it possible to examine the interesting and fundamental questions of the manner in which the genome is organized to control photosynthesis. This paper is concerned with an enzymatic study of the pathway of TPN photoreduction in wild-type C. reinhardi and three mutant strains. Genetic studies will appear elsewhere. The following paper (16) deals with a description of some of the components of the pathway of TPN photoreduction in C. reinhardi.


User Cooperation (UC) is a promising technology to obtain diversity gain at terminals. Superposition Modulation Cooperation (SMC) is a UC mode exploiting higher order modulation constellation to allow relay node (RN) transmitting his own local data together with the relay data from source node (SN). The throughput outperforms Amplify-and-Forward (AF), Decode-and-Forward (DF) and coded cooperation (CC) when channel state is good. Power allocation (PA) between the local signal and relay signal is crucial for the performance of SMC. An Adaptive Orthogonal Superposition Modulation Cooperation (OSMC) Scheme is designed based on the bit-level Mutual Information (MI) model to minimize the average outage probability of the three-node cooperation system. Moreover, Low Density Parity-Check (LDPC) code is introduced to further improve the performance. Theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that the adaptive OSMC scheme improves the power efficiency significantly.


The proteolytic system of lactic acid bacteria which hydrolyzes exogenous protein into free amino acid were consists of extracellular peptidases,the peptide transport systems and a variety of intracellular peptidases. That makes up of the deficiency that lactic acid bacteria can not directly use inorganic nitrogen and protein. Therefore the proteolytic system has very important significance for the normal growth of lactic acid bacteria. Currently some scientists use the modern molecular techniques to study the gene expression levels of the key proteolytic enzymes of the different strains or the strains after different treatments in order to screen out the strains in which the genes of proteinases has high expression level and obtain the high-quality starter lactic acid bacteria strains.The proteolytic system of lactic acid bacteria and the advances in the expression level of genes related to the proteolytic system of lactic acid bacteria were reviewed in this paper with the hope of providing reference materials for the further study on protein metabolism of lactic acid bacteria.


Flip buckets are a common configuration for side channel spillways. Similar to other spillways, the flip bucket or ski jump has its disadvantages, among which the scour hole downstream due to the flip bucket jet is the most important. The structure safety and stability may be influenced by the scour holes generated at the downstream side of bucket type energy dissipators. This study has employed an experimental model in order to examine the sediment scour created at the end of flip bucket energy dissipators at various flow rates and tail water depths. A total of 45 experiments were performed under different conditions. The experimental invistigation was conducted at the hydraulic laboratory of Shahid Chamran University in Iran. The main objective of this research was to identify the maximum depth of sediment scour ( ) and the maximum distance of sediment scour hole ( ) from the structures. The results showed that the maximum depth of scour and its distance from the structure increased by increasing discharge. The results of experimental models show that, at the downstream depths ( ) of 0.2 and 0.3 m, the stack was formed by the scouring at the upstream side of the hole, and at a depth of 0.1 m, this stack was transferred to the area after the scour hole. This could be explained by the fact that at downstream depths of 0.2 and 0.3 m, the rolling flow moved from the bottom upwards in the opposite direction of the water flow and sequestrated the sediments upstream. According to Equation Mean Absolute Relative Error(MARE) proposed relation based on laboratory studies has MARE of about 34.2%.


Land cover has been changed by humans throughout history. At the global level, population growth and socio-economic development have a significant impact on land resources. Recently, scholars added climate change as one of the major factors affecting land-cover transformation. In the West Bank of Palestine, the situation is more complicated, where geopolitical constraints due to the Israeli occupation and lack of control over land resources. In the West Bank, fertile land represents 16%, 87% of the cultivated land is rainfed, 11% is pastureland and 2% is irrigated. This paper focuses on the problems of agricultural land shrinkage by time and tries to reveal the major factors behind this change. The study area is Jenin, a major agricultural area in the West Bank, Palestine. Statistical data, aerial photos and related attribute data were analysed by using GIS software. The study showed that urban growth is the major threat on agricultural lands.