Abstract To compare the clinical efficacies and adverse reactions between transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), &ggr;-ray 3-dimensional fractionated stereotactic conformal radiotherapy (FSCR), and TACE combined with FSCR for primary hepatocellular carcinoma. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board, and informed consent was waived due to the retrospective study design. About 121 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study, from March 2008 to January 2010, in the Second Xiangya Hospital. Forty-six patients underwent TACE alone, 36 patients underwent &ggr;-knife alone, and 39 were treated by &ggr;-knife combined with TACE. Short-term effects, overall survival rates, adverse reactions, and survival times were compared between the 3 treatment groups. Short-term effects were observed in 41.3% of the TACE group, 33.3% of the &ggr;-knife group, and 64.1% of the TACE combined &ggr;-knife group (P = .020). Overall survival rates at 6,12, 18, and 24 months were 50%, 34.8%, 28.3%, and 21.7% for the TACE group, 36.1%, 30.6%, 16.7%, and 11.1% for &ggr;-knife group, and 84.6%, 71.8%, 61.5%, and 30.8% for TACE combined &ggr;-knife group, respectively. The differences in the overall survival rates at 6, 12, and 18 months between the 3 groups were statistically significant (P = 0), but the overall survival rates at 24 months in the 3 groups were not significantly different (P = .117). The median survival time was 7 months for the TACE group, 3 months for the &ggr;-knife group, and 20 months for the TACE combined &ggr;-knife group (P = 0). There were statistically significant differences (P = .010) of leukopenia between the 3 groups, and no statistically significant differences of (P > .05) thrombocytopenia, anemia, nausea, vomiting, and liver function lesions. TACE combined with &ggr;-knife for primary hepatocellular carcinoma is superior to TACE or &ggr;-knife alone in short-term and long-term effects. This procedure is a mild, safe, and effective treatment for primary hepatocellular carcinoma.


In this study, computational methods were used to predict information hidden in the small subunit 16S rRNA gene from newly isolated plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria B. cereus strain UPMLH24. In the present study, the computational methods employed revealed that the small subunit 16S rRNA gene sequence from B. cereus strain UPMLH24 contained a number of small open reading frames that encoded several functional proteins. Computational predictions classified seven phyla of organisms associated with small open reading frames of novel B. cereus strain UPMLH24. The data generated from computational predictions in the present study could form the basis for further research to advance new hypotheses in the microbiology of rhizobacteria.


Thiamin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid and biotin are all reported to produce fatty livers in the rat: choline, inositol, and pyridoxine to prevent them. 1 Biotin fatty livers alone have a high cholesterol ester content. 2 The cholesterol-fed guinea pig develops a fatty liver, enlarged spleen and a severe anemia. Liver damage can to some extent be judged by red cell count. 3 Vitamin requirements of the guinea pig are not entirely known. Findings reported here are the indirect results of an attempt to improve the nutrition of our animals and so make it possible to study the lesions remaining after a period of cholesterol feeding. Diet "A" had been planned to parallel in respect to protein and fat content an egg yolk diet previously used. It supported growth in control animals slightly less well than our stock diet. Possible shortcomings seem tobe low riboflavin and pantothenic acid and too much fat. Diet "B" in which the amounts of these components were adjusted as indicated below, increased apparent well being in both control and cholesterol-fed animals. We were greatly surprised, therefore, when the cholesterol-fed animals on this diet showed an abrupt fall in red cell count without the usual preliminary loss in weight and other evidences of illness, and when the autopsies showed gallstones. Guinea pig bile contains relatively little lipid. These gallstones were rich in calcium phosphate, although they contained some cholesterol. Irritation of the membranes of the gall bladder and the biliary passages was common and some impaction of ducts was observed in cholesterol-fed animals. No stones were found in control animals. If this high incidence of gallstones is to


The purpose of this study is to investigate green sukuk and its influence on the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as well as to identify and analyze the factors that have an effect on those activities. This research is carrying out a systematic literature review in order to locate, examine, and analyze any and all relevant research that is currently available in order to provide answers to the research questions. In spite of the fact that it is such a great innovative investment instrument and that it is doing well with getting positive response from the market, green sukuk still face many challenges, and there is still room for improvement to bring up its potentials and maximize its social impact for the most recent SDGs agenda. Green sukuk have developed into Islamic financial instruments that are in demand by the public because of their ethical responsibility towards the environment. Green sukuk provides benefits not only for all stakeholders involved in it but also for the environment. The government, as a regulator, is expected to be able to provide support through various strategic policies to support green sukuk, such as by developing a more substantial legal basis and incentives in the form of tax reductions, as well as strengthening information and literacy to the public about green sukuk.


Recent years have experienced sustained focus in research on software defect prediction that aims to predict the likelihood of software defects. Moreover, with the increased interest in continuous deployment, a variant of software defect prediction called Just-in-Time Software Defect Prediction (JIT-SDP) focuses on predicting whether each incremental software change is defective. JIT-SDP is unique in that it consists of two interconnected data streams, one consisting of the arrivals of software changes stemming from design and implementation, and the other the (defective or clean) labels of software changes resulting from quality assurance processes. We present a systematic survey of 67 JIT-SDP studies with the objective to help researchers advance the state of the art in JIT-SDP and to help practitioners become familiar with recent progress. We summarize best practices in each phase of the JIT-SDP workflow, carry out a meta-analysis of prior studies, and suggest future research directions. Our meta-analysis of JIT-SDP studies indicates, among other findings, that the predictive performance correlates with change defect ratio, suggesting that JIT-SDP is most performant in projects that experience relatively high defect ratios. Future research directions for JIT-SDP include situating each technique into its application domain, reliability-aware JIT-SDP, and user-centered JIT-SDP.


Dear Editor,

Medical education in Western African countries is at a very important evolution stage: how to integrate occidental research modalities into traditional beliefs? How to accommodate both?

We agree with the opinion expressed by Dr Kieran Walsh1 saying "insight into beliefs alone is insufficient"; before changing things, things have to be described. With our previous article2, we just focused on a description of such beliefs as the first step of any educational process.

Indeed, minds have to be changed for both medical and general public groups, in order to help and facilitate the acceptation of post-mortem body openings, but also long-term conservation for scientific/educational or forensic purposes. But not too fast. Giving courses of medical anthropology at the university of Parakou, Benin, showed to one of us (PC) that even if the scientific level of medicine graduate students is high, some details or some parts of the courses remain strictly taboo or, at least, "delicate". For example, speaking about the death of individuals from the student's families, or their future death (maybe for superstition reasons? that has to be respected).

Dr Kieran Walsh is right again when writing that respected opinion leaders may be recruited in order to facilitate the acceptation of autopsies; religious ones may be some of them, helping by giving strong and clear positions toward autopsies. But also international experts in the fields of medicine, biomedical sciences, and bioethics may play a key role by influencing positively previously reticent minds.

In the University of Paris 5 (France), a special course has been created, entitled "from the student of medicine to the responsible physician" (EM2R program); it gives opportunity to all students to discover and take into account the values of their specialty, and the inherent responsibilities. Patients are integrated into these courses, and express their wills during the treatment process (and after, for example after their death with the post-mortem utility of their cadaver for medical education and scientific research).

Administrative and political authorities have to understand that autopsies (whatever their exact nature: forensic and scientific ones) are clearly carried out for the benefits of the dead's family (in order to get a diagnosis and eventually prevent an hereditary disease) and for general sanitary reasons. Autopsies are mainly part of any public health program3, as an objective indicator of the pathological background of a population.

This description of attitudes toward autopsies, whatever the geographic origin of the group, may be at the origin of an ethical reflection. A student of medicine cannot just be facing a dead individual, or he is just a materialistic one. Modern medicine is a living proof that the collective is more important than the individual (at the only one condition of respecting individual liberties). But when one is dead, the global health is clearly preeminent. A French expression qualifies this point of view: "l'humanite en marche".


This Masters thesis is a study in library and information science, that examines literature as a tool for young people in their identity creation. Both scientists and teachers have found that te ...


An approximate method is presented for calculating the unsteady quasi-two-dimensional incompressible laminar boundary layer. The velocity profiles are assumed to be given by one-parameter families of curves, the parameter being essentially the non-dimensional shearing stress at the wall. The profile parameter and the momentum thickness are determined by the momentum- and energy-integral equations. The accuracy of the method is examined by comparing the results with exact solutions. Quartic velocity profile gives good results for decelerating main flows, while the Hartree velocity profile proves to be satisfactory for accelerating main flows.


The paper analyses the needs of using vector diffraction theory in the study of the DVD or other high density optic disk,and summarizes the effects of the DVD's pattern parameters on the read out signals with vector diffraction theory from the views of the transverse dimensions?the depths and the angles of the information marks.Accordingly some key factors to qualify the optical disk manufacture quality are put forward,and these factors resulted from this study may be useful to improve the optic disk manufacture technica,and the vector analyses methods adopted herein are referable to high density optical storage research.


The grandeur of "Prescription Drug Take Back Program" (including Pharmaceutical, Personal Care Products (PPCP)) administered by the Drug Enforcement Administration, division of United States Department of Justice (DEA‐US‐DOJ), though it is a stellar success, frill will be flounced by adopting Bioremediation for its disposal. It is essential to point out that the medications of PPCP should be categorized according to their chemical potency and possible contaminants prior to the incineration process. At this time, it is not clear whether DEA‐US‐DOJ or commercial vendors are performing this task prior to the incineration. The DEA‐US‐DOJ's strategy of mass incinerating drugs taken by the aforesaid program, carry a heavy burden of acting as a source of known and unknown pollutants damaging the public health by contaminating ground water table, water reservoirs, land and air. By adopting an appropriate bioremediation method (aerobic or anaerobic) encompassing several specific modus operandi (Cometabolism, biostimulation biosorption, bioleaching, bioaccumulation, bioaugumentation) will definitely alleviate the concerns over contaminating the sand, water and air by the pollutants generated by the current disposal methods, however a multitude of factors such as: competition with/among microorganisms, insufficient supply with essential substrates, unfavorable external conditions (aeration, moisture, pH, temperature), and low bioavailability of the pollutant, biodegradation would potentially act as a limiting factor for choosing an appropriate method for the disposal process. Systematic analysis of merits and demerits of all available methods for disposing the PPCP shall be presented in Experimental Biology 2016.


Hip ultrasound is practical and reproducible method that has ability not only to visualize the unossified parts of the newborn hip but also to show movement of the femoral head within the socket. That is why it is useful method not only for making correct diagnose, but also for following the rapid changes of the infant hip undergoing treatment.


Traditional approach to managing risks, those that fulfill basic conditions of insurability, refers to their transfer to the insurer, and than to reinsure. However, numerous factors, among which the most important is the realization of large catastrophic events, such as hurricane season of 2005 in the US, contributed to the conclusion that the aggregate insurance and reinsurance industry capacity is limited for risk acceptance, especially those risks that are of catastrophic character. That conclusion conditioned the need for inventions of new solutions, among which the insurance risk transfer to the capital markets is the most represented. Convergence of capital and insurance markets represents not only the reflection of theoretical considerations of such need but also the factual situation in the field of insurance risk transfer. This article deals with theoretical aspects of the economic justification of insurance risk transfer to capital market, current state and development perspectives, challenges and opportunities for implementation of international experience in domestic practice as well as with instruments for insurable risk transfer to the capital market, including catastrophe bonds, contingent capital structures and insurance derivatives.


This research study was intended to understand how the Post 9/11 enlisted female veteran population understands their gender in the context of their active duty military experience and transition into a post-military life while engaging in higher education. Propelled into higher education via their military service and improved educational benefits via the Post 9/11 GI Bill, female veterans are accessing their education benefits at the highest rate ever. After decades of a lack of scholarship regarding this student population, there is a growing body of knowledge in the area of Post 9/11 era student veterans, how campuses should be providing support services, and the effect their service has on them during their post-military life and education. Using basic qualitative research methods and a feminist lens, the researcher found that female veterans embodied their military identity and navigated conflict while on active duty and in their post-military lives, they experience disjunction and embody their female veteran identity. Implications are listed for Student Affairs and military transition services practitioners.


Rosman I reflector antenna for collecting data from earth orbiting satellites, discussing dynamic analysis of structural response to natural frequencies


Abstract : The problems in this research started from the observed that writer found in field and the writer also did the interview with coach of SBB team Chevron Pekanbaru, Mr. Sukirman. The writer found the deficiency during in doing shooting when match in BATERAI R. The physical condition is not well in leg muscle and ankle coordination when doing shooting, so the result of the shooting was not maximum. The purpose of this research was to know the relationship between leg muscle power and ankle coordination with accuration in doing shooting of SBB team (u,16) in chevron pekanbaru. The population of this research was SBB team (U,16) amount 16 peoples. This research only used one team as a population. Because of the total of the team was a bit so the writer took a lot of people in this team as a sample. The writer used total sampling technique in took the sample. To got the data, this research used Leg Dynamometer test for leg muscle power, test in kicking the ball to the wall in diameter 65 cm, the high was 1,24 m, and distance from the line start 2 m for ankle coordination, and test in kicking the ball to the target was 76 cm the point was 7 (seven), 90 cm the point was 5 (five), 103 cm the point was 3 (three) and 185 cm the point was 1 (one). Then, the distance to the target from line start 16,5 m for accuration in doing shooting. Then, the data analysis the writer used was simple correlation product moment. Based on the analysis writer got the data, correlation X 1 with Y in the amount of  r hitung = 0,004>r tabel =0,514 and X 2 with Y in the amount of r hitung = 0,086>r tabel =0,514, meanwhile X 1 and X 2 with Y r hitung = 0,086>r tabel =0,514. Because of overall have not relationship that show in data analysis, so Ha was rejected and Ho accepted. The meaning was there were not a relationship between leg muscle power and ankle coordination with accuration in doing shooting of SBB team (u,16) in chevron pekanbaru. Thus, the provision of correlation to correlation and  variable to other  variable fixed from r hitung >r tabel. Key words: leg muscle power, ankle coordination, accuration in doing shooting


The problem of ensuring high temperature stability of parameters by reason of the characteristic features inherent in the integral performance becomes especially urgent for microminiature electronic devices. For the mathematical description of the electronic devices' temperature error it is proposed to use the method of experiment's statistical planning in combination with regression analysis. There are classes of electrical circuits in which the output parameter depends mainly on one-parameter electrical radio elements. In the article it is shown that the problem of obtaining the temperature error equation for such electrical circuits can be reduced to the problem of effective finding of the one-parameter electro radio elements' influence coefficients. A modification of the Monte Carlo statistical method with the computational factor experiment's scenario to find the temperature error equation is considered. Approbation of the proposed modification is carried out using the example of the electric circuit of the generator with the Wien bridge.


An experimental study was conducted to evaluate and compare the therapeutic potential of morin, rutin and methotrexate against CFA-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats. Forty two male adult Wistar rats of uniform age were randomly assigned into seven groups comprising of six rats in each and treated as follows: Group 1 was kept as normal control throughout the experimental period. Remaining 6 groups were induced rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by sub plantar injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) in right hind paw. After 72 h, all RA induced rats were included in the study. Treatment protocols were initiated from day 0 post-confirmation of RA and continued for 21 days. Group 1: Non-RA control, group 2: CFA (0.1 mL @ 10% single dose, sub plantar route) induced RA control, group 3: methotrexate (MTX) @ 1 mg/kg/week ip once, group 4: morin @ 50 mg/kg po once daily, group 5: rutin @ 25 mg/kg po once daily, group 6: MTX (as in group 3) + morin (as in group 4) and group 7: MTX (as in group 3) + rutin (as in group 5). Body weights, paw volume and thickness, arthritic score, mobility score, stair climbing activity, inflammatory mediators like cytokines and several associated sero-biochemical, haematological, radiographical and histological parameters were studied. The results revealed that CFA-induced RA exhibited oxidative stress in joints, elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduced anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), elevated arthritis score, paw volume and thickness, and alterations in associated sero-biochemical parameters and histo-architecture of joints. All these effects were significantly alleviated by methotrexate and flavonoids in the test. Among the treatments, a combination of morin with methotrexate was more effective in reversing the changes, followed by the combination of rutin with methotrexate. For the pharmacokinetic profile of methotrexate, the rats were divided into three groups of 6 animals in each; group 1 was treated with methotrexate (MTX) @ 1 mg/kg b. wt. ip single dose, group 2 was pre-treated with morin @ 50 mg/kg b.wt. po single dose and followed by MTX @ 1 mg/kg b. wt. ip single dose, and group 3 was pre-treated with rutin @ 25 mg/kg b.wt. po single dose and followed by MTX @ 1 mg/kg b. wt. ip single dose. The pharmacokinetic parameters of methotrexate after single ip administration did not alter significantly in rats pre-treated with morin and rutin as compared to those of methotrexate control rats. The combination of morin or rutin with methotrexate was found superior to individual drugs owing to a variety of pharmacodynamic actions of MTX and flavonoids that resulted in synergism.


Primary vascular tumors of the thorax are rare, often presenting with simi lar radiologic and histologic characteristics. The angiographic, histologic, and ultrastructural data on a patient with a hemangiopericytoma arising in the pos terior mediastinum are presented.


PURPOSE: Pharmaceutical compositions having antimalarial and anti-babesiosis activity, the active principles of the compositions, and the use thereof for preparing antimalarial drugs, are provided. CONSTITUTION: The pharmaceutical compositions contain 2 quartery-ammonium group with hydrocarbon chain on the end, and have high antimalarial and anti-babesiosis activity. These activities prevents a parasite from generating in an erythrocyte or preserves an erythrocyte from infringement.


This study examines so-called "ironic memes," a seemingly inscrutable genre of memetic Internet content, as meaningful digital multimodal text. Considering Internet memes' semiotic construction patterns and their social functions, this study connects these two concerns, asking: How is the provocatively "nonsensical" design of ironic memes organized and connected to the construction of (group) identities online? Adopting a digital ethnographic approach, we employ a combination of multimodal discursive methods in order to jointly analyze semiotic design patterns and the social actions underlying them. The analysis suggests that, despite their nonsensical appearance, ironic memes rely on distinct design strategies that contribute to the construction of (group) identities rooted in digital literacies. Specifically, ironic memes constitute generic hybrids where semiotic practices are associated with personas that are "less literate" in Internet memeing. Our findings indicate that digital literacies can feature as central in the construction of superdiverse identities through digital text-making and text-sharing.


Methods used to infer sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from satellite have traditionally been based on regression-tuned split-window fixed-coefficient algorithms. These can give inaccurate SST results when local atmospheric conditions are significantly different from those encapsulated by the regression averaging. The new generation of SST algorithms attempts to correct for atmospheric variability. These approaches include the R54 transmittance-ratio methods of other workers, and the dynamic water vapour (DWV) correction method of the authors. The relative performances of the various methods are compared by applying each to an ocean and satellite dataset obtained off the west coast of Tasmania, Australia in 1987. We also investigate the performance of the NESDIS operational multi-channel, cross-product, and nonlinear formulas for NOAA-9, -11, -12, and-14 when applied to the same dataset. We find the DWV method gives SST retrievals which have significantly smaller bias errors than those returned by the thre...


: For more than a decade, Côte d'Ivoire has become the hub of illicit drugs in Africa. This is shown by the huge quantities (several tons/year) that have been seized by the authorities. Also, young users of these psychoactive substances do no longer hide themselves. However, few studies have been carried out on the epidemiology of drug addiction and on the complications linked to the use of these illicit drugs in Côte d'Ivoire. In this context, we planned to perform an epidemiological analysis of drug use in this country. To this end, a survey conducted using a questionnaire submitted to patients in two detoxification centers in the city of Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire). It was found from this study that the most illicit drugs commonly used in this country were respectively, cannabis, heroin, cocaine and crack. The preference for cannabis is due to its affordabîlity (relatively low cost). Also, learners (pupils and students) are the biggest consumers of drugs.


This correspondence presents an individual-activation-factor proportionate normalized least-mean-square (IAF-PNLMS) algorithm that (during the adaptive process) uses a new gain distribution strategy for updating the filter coefficients. This strategy consists of increasing the gain assigned to the inactive coefficients as the active ones approach convergence. For such, whenever a predefined threshold is crossed during the learning process, a new gain distribution is carried out, rather than to assign gains proportional to coefficient magnitudes as the IAF-PNLMS algorithm does. This new version of the IAF-PNLMS algorithm leads to a better distribution of the adaptation energy over the whole learning process. As a consequence, for impulse responses exhibiting high sparseness, the proposed algorithm achieves faster convergence, outperforming the IAF-PNLMS and other well-known PNLMS-type algorithms.


This paper describes a radiative transfer model developed to accurately predict the atmospheric radiant flux in both the infrared and the solar spectrum with a minimum of computational effort. We use a newly developed k-distribution model for both the thermal and solar parts of the spectrum. We employ a generalized two-stream approximation for the scattering by aerosol and clouds. To assess the accuracy of the model, the results are compared to other more detailed models for several standard cases in the solar and thermal spectrum. We perform several calculations focussing primarily on the question of absorption of solar radiation by gases and aerosols. We estimate the accuracy of the k-distribution to be approx. 1 W/sq m for the gaseous absorption in the solar spectrum. We estimate the accuracy of the two-stream method to be 3-12 W/sq m for the downward solar flux and 1-5 W/sq m for the upward solar flux at the top of atmosphere depending on the optical depth of the aerosol layer. We also show that the effect of ignoring aerosol absorption on the downward solar flux at the surface is 50 W/sq m for the TARFOX aerosol for an optical depth of 0.5 and 150 W/sq m for a highly absorbing mineral aerosol. Thus, we conclude that the uncertainty introduced by the aerosol solar radiative properties (and merely assuming some "representative" model) can be considerably larger than the error introduced by the use of a two-stream method.


Abstract Although the primary cause of death in COVID-19 infection is respiratory failure, there are evidences that cardiac manifestations may contribute to overall mortality and can even be the primary cause of death. More importantly, it is recognized that COVID-19 is associated with a high incidence of thrombotic complications. Two-hundred-eighty-four patients with proven SARS-CoV-2 infection who had a non-contrast Chest CT at our facility were analysed for coronary calcium score. Clinical and radiological data were retrieved. Patients with coronary calcium had higher inflammatory burden at admission (d-dimer, CRP, Procalcitonin) and higher Troponin at admission and at zenith. While there was no correlation with presence of consolidation and ground glass opacities, patients with coronary calcium had higher incidence of bilateral infiltration and higher in-hospital mortality. Peak troponin was associated with higher mortality, intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation in both univariable at multivariate analysis. Calcium score has demonstrated to be a good prognostic indicator for in-hospital mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients with higher atherosclerotic burden are at higher risk of fatality and complications. Our findings could have significant clinical implications in selecting at risk patients for allocation of resources especially in those with 'atherosclerotic pabulum', where inflammation activated by SARS-CoV-2 may play a role in fatal and non-fatal events.


The ethnic groups question in the 1991 census - a new landmark in British social statistics the ethnic group question in the 1991 census of population non-responsive to the 1991 census - the effect on ethnic group enumeration size, structure and growth of the ethnic minority populations immigration and ethnic groups the age structure and ageing of the ethnic groups marriage patterns and inter-ethnic unions household and family structure among ethnic minority groups indigenous and older minorities.


Environmental infringement actions are emerged in according with environmental pollution and have special characteristics different from common infringement actions such as unequal subjects, indirection of actions, slow procedure and public hazards. Environmental infringement actions mainly invade civilian environment right. Compensation should be done no matter how environmental infringement actions are illegal or not.


This research focuses on the process of designing teachers' professional identity. The main objective is to carry out an in-depth description of the stages of the process of constructing a professional identity. The main focus is on the abilities and constructs of personality which is formatting during studies at the university. The main aim is to analyse the basic factors of teacher's professional identity formation. In this qualitative oriented research design, mind mapping based on narrative analysis, semi-structured interview, open coding analysis of the statements were used as the data collection methods. The output of the research is the concept and creation of the discourse, structures, and semi-structures of the self-identity development and professional self-concept with focus on reconstruction and construction the subjective conceptualization of the teachers' profession perception. Based on this discourse analysis, we intend to present the conceptual apparatus in theory of teachers' education. © 2019 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


An efficient and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of a wide variety of primary amides in high yields via the Ritter reaction of secondary and tertiary alcohols with nitriles using silica sulfuric acid is reported. Silica sulfuric acid (SSA), which is an air-stable, cost-effective solid acid catalyst could be readily recycled by filtration and reused without any significant loss of activity.


Method for supplying data relating to an entity (302) description of the invention the trusted entity 304 and the system includes a first generation of digital certificates, referred to as the authorization certificate, signed by the first signing entity. Permission is given certificate includes identifying the attribute and the first entity the signature of the entity 302 describes attribute information. The authorization certificate further includes a landmark and landmark of one or more sources 306 of the data of the data related to an entity 302, it described to be supplied. The authorization certificate further includes an indication of the trusted entities 304 to which data can be supplied. Trusted entity 304 sends to the source (306) to provide an indication in the authorization data for the authorization certificate certificate. Some or all of the data relating to the description of the entity 302 may be provided is referred to as a client certificate through the second digital certificate signed by the second signing entity. Guest certificates may be displayed on the customer certificate revocation list. System and method for the transfer of ownership of an electronic property 801 from the first entity to the second entity are also provided. Method and system for electronic voting is also provided.


A model for the simulation of furrow irrigation advance was developed based on the Saint-Venant equations for the one-dimensional surface flow and the two-dimensional Richards equation for porous media flow. Solutions are computed numerically using finite differences for the surface flow and finite elements for the subsurface flow. Computations are internally coupled through an iterative procedure. Infiltration is computed with the Richards equation every five nodes used in the surface flow computations and by linear interpolation at the remaining nodes. In addition, the Richards equation is solved at the boundaries of the surface flow domain and in the vicinity of the wave front. The time step is calculated using the Courant–Friedrich–Lewy condition and a stability criterion that accounts for friction effects. This combined criterion prevents numerical instabilities and convergence problems, especially in cases of high friction coefficient, low discharge rates, and/or high infiltration rates resulting ge...


When a circular cylinder moves uniformly in an ideal fluid (i.e. frictionless and incompressible) at rest at infinity, the resultant force acting on it is zero, it no external forces act. This is however, only true when the motion is the usual potential motion. Supposing that in addition to the potential stream produced by the motion of the cylinder a circulation around it be considered, the velocity of the fluid is incresased on the one side, an decreased on the other, and this produces a force acting on the cylinder perpendicular to the direction of motion.


Photoacoustic Imaging (PAI) is an emerging imaging modality with great potential for preclinical research and clinical practice. Uniquely combining optical excitation and acoustic detection, PAI provides a rich contrast mechanism from either endogenous or exogenous chromophores with high spatial resolutions in both optical ballistic and diffusive regimes. This manuscript focuses on the efforts to translate PAI from the bench to the bedside by increasing the imaging depth and speed, providing clinically useful information (i.e., imaging contrast), reducing the device size, and improving the system's reliability. Assisted by advanced laser systems, ultrasonic arrays, and data acquisition circuits, modern PAI can reveal hematogenous anatomy and functions at high spatiotemporal resolution in small animals and human organs. As a rapidly evolving imaging technology, PAI promises multiple preclinical and clinical applications, attracting growing interest in oncology, dermatology, pediatrics, neuroscience, and orthopedics, among other areas of study.


Abstract : The importance of shock vibration testing of irradiated electron tubes is reemphasized. A new dosimeter for absolute energy absorption measurements is reported. Chemical reactions occurring in an operating tube are discussed. (Author)


The effect of drying on the introduction of amorphous material was investigated using lactose as a model substance. It was found that microwave-vacuum drying of lactose monohydrate and fluid-bed drying of commercial spray-dried lactose did not introduce detectable amounts of amorphous material in to the sample. The interaction of water with maltodextrins was then investigated. It was found that the maltodextrins undergo a change in physical form from a free-flowing powder through a hard, caked material to a sticky, plasticised material on moisture sorption. It was shown that this change in physical form for the maltodextrins is due to a 'humidity caking mechanism'. Microcalorimetry is able to detect the changes in physical form through broad shoulders/peaks. It was suggested that the broad shoulders/peaks are due to differences in the heat capacity of the materials brought on by water uptake. Following exposure to 75% RH in the DVS, it was found that M150 and M200 were present in a collapsed amorphous state, whereas M040, M100, and M500 were in a non-collapsed amorphous state. Shrinkage of M200 was observed by microscopy further indicating collapse. A thermodynamic study of the maltodextrin-water interaction found that water sorption in to the maltodextrins occurs in three stages. The first stage involves water that is hydrogen bonded directly to the anhydroglucose units, with a ratio of one water molecule to two anhydroglucose units. This is followed by breaking of some of the original hydrogen bonds and sorption of further water. The final stage results from the changes in physical form occurring in line with the humidity caking mechanism. BET monolayer values were calculated for the maltodextrins. It was found that the "monolayer values" represent the amount of water that is directly bound to the anhydroglucose units. Swelling was also found to occur up to the "monolayer value".


Megan E. Anderson MD Orthopaedic Oncology Surgeon Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Boston Children's Hospital Targeted therapy is a common catchphrase in orthopaedic oncology, and for good reason. Thanks to recent advancements in how we define gene mutations and specific driver genes in tumors, researchers now can develop and use agents that target and kill abnormal cells, leaving normal cells unharmed. Pembrolizumab (the antiPD-1 monoclonal antibody) for patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer with a high level of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) [8] and vemurafenib and dabrafenib (BRAF kinase inhibitors) in patients with advanced melanoma with BRAF mutations [6] are just two examples of effective targeted therapies in oncology. But not all targeted therapies are effective. Studies on targeted therapy in osteosarcoma have been disappointing [10]. Osteosarcomas have complex and multiple gene mutations and are heterogeneous not only among patients, but also in primary versus metastatic tumors in the same patient. When we do identify common mutations, it is generally unclear which one is the "driver" mutation that has the greatest effect on the malignancy of a tumor. But current research focusing on the metastatic potential of osteosarcoma and targeting those mechanisms has shown some promise. The current study by Collier and colleagues [3], for example, represents important lab research that has the potential to translate to effective novel agents in osteosarcoma. Theoretically, the genomic profile of a tumor and a specific cell line could be developed rapidly from a biopsy specimen from a patient's tumor [2]. Sarcospheres (osteosarcoma stem cells grown as clones in a spherical conformation) derived from that patient's specific cell line could then be used to test standard chemotherapy as


Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have been increasingly adopted in medium/high-voltage high-power systems. However, the control of MMC is not a trivial task considering its multi-objective feature. This paper proposes a model predictive control (MPC) method for MMC which regulates the phase currents, circulating currents and arm energies (and thus capacitor voltages) simultaneously. The cost function is directly optimized through quadratic programming technique, and the optimal solutions are sent to an independent modulator as arm voltage references, avoiding the high calculation cost for enumerating a large number of control actions as conventional MPC methods. Furthermore, a level-shifted pulse-width modulation (LS-PWM) scheme is employed in the modulation stage, which greatly improves the harmonic performance compared with previous MPC alternatives. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified through extensive simulation tests.


Mario Capecchi recently won the Nobel Prize for contributions to genetics that have catapulted the mouse to the status of the most valuable of all animal models. He has a personal story that is as rich and interesting as his science. Here, he discusses the journey that led him to gene targeting and his vision for the future.


The present work describes different methods or techniques of computer vision, used to estimate the level of fermentation of the cocoa bean. The description of several methods is performed, such as, vectorial quantification, K - means, fuzzy grouping and average displacement. Based on these methods, the training and classification phase of the images has been executed. A simulation platform is used to codify and execute the different methods, obtaining results with a level of certainty of approximately 75%. The images used in this research have been obtained directly during the process of fermentation of cocoa and the reference pattern for the level of fermentation has been developed with information provided by experts in sensory profiles, tasters of cocoa.


Fuel cells are in use in businesses, transportation, schools, and museums all across the United States. This report divides the U.S. into seven regions, and presents a description of fuel cell applications, by region, and for each state within the region. Fuel cells are being used to: provide power for cell phone towers; power warehouse equipment such as forklifts; heat, air condition, and power small businesses and homes; power public buildings and hotels; provide power to automobiles.


Objective To understand the present situations and major mechanisms of the drug resistance to carbapenems of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in Heyuan,Guangdong province.Methods MICs of 7 antibiotic agents,including piperacillin,ceftazidime,imipenem,meropenem,gentamicin,tobramycin and ciprofloxacin were determined by E-test strips.Screening tests for detection of MBLs,KPC and AmpC by double disks synergy tests and 3-D tests respectively.Results 108 Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates were detected out of 1 068 clinical pathogenic bateria.18 strains were resistant to imipenem or meropenem,the drug-resistant rate occupied 16.7%.9 isolated strains were MBL producers by screening test and 3 strains showed presence of hyperexpression AmpC beta-lactamase.No strains produced KPC.Conclusion Most of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa are multidrug-resistant strains,this is due to cooperation of multiple genes and multiple factors.


Objective To retrospectively summarize the features and understanding of orthodontic treatment before restoration.Methods The 79 cases with anterior defects were selected for treating,their adjacent teeth were malocclusion.Results After 3~6 months correction,the malocclusion had been corrected and the anterior defects had been restorated.During the following up period,the normal function,better form and aesthetic denture had been achieved.Conclusion The auxiliary crrection can create better conditions for restoration and the restoration were more perfect and aesthetics.


EDITORIAL COMMENT: We accepted this paper for publication because it shows readers that laparoscopic‐guided appendicectomy is possible. The author does not mention his operating time, a point raised by the reviewer, who stated that the operation often takes more than 60 minutes when performed laparoscopically. The need to restrict time spent in hospital is becoming increasingly important in public hospital practice as we follow the North American example and teach ourselves to maximize outpatient and short‐stay surgery with minimization of postoperative morbidity. One might wonder why the most affluent nations practise the worst medicine since surely painful parts should be rested, yet we are told that in some American centres discharge home the day after surgery is now happening even after vaginal hysterectomy! What are they trying to prove? Such is the trend imposed by our administrative masters that we consider that more data should be collected in such studies to assess postoperative morbidity. Patients having laparoscopy and early discharge of tens state that the postdischarge days were unpleasant or even intolerable. Day cases ideally should be planned flexibly so that the patient may remain in hospital overnight if she so wishes when questioned after the operation. Early discharge after operation is not an easy option for medical and nursing staffs — it requires careful postoperative assessment and follow‐up; these women require intensive care and counselling during their shortened sojourn in hospital if they are to remain healthy and happy customers.


In chemistry the word conformer describes one of a set of stereoisomers, all having the same molecular formula and identical constitution (connectivities between the atoms) but differing by the spatially orientations of their functional groups in the molecular frame. Often these structural differences between individual conformers are subtle. For 3-aminophenol (C6H7NO), hereafter 3AP, only the position of one single hydrogen atom distinguishes the two stable conformers cis- and trans-3AP, see fig. 2 a). In the case of 3AP this modest change gives rise to a significant rise in the permanent dipole moment (trans-3AP 0.77D vs. cis-3AP 2.3D).


Bartlett has provided a superb edition of the letters. There is no attempt to demonise Higgins. The well known and unflattering contemporary caricature of him does not appear on the cover of the dust jacket (it is reproduced on p. 336) and Bartlett even notes that Higgins was 'by all accounts a most amusing companion' (p. 26). While the footnotes threaten to take over some pages, they will provide a wealth of information for future scholars of the United Irishmen and 1790s Dublin. Bartlett has gone to great lengths to identify even the more obscure personalities who feature in Higgins' letters, a fundamental aspect of the informant's correspondence. Though important work by Thomas Graham, Ruan O'Donnell, Nancy Curtin and others has appeared on the United Irishmen in Dublin in recent years, the need for a full monograph on the subject remains. This excellent edition of Higgins' letters will surely encourage a future scholar to take up the challenge.


Both the south of Avila and the autonomous region of Extremadura present a gen - eral development in the process of phonetic mutations in the weakening of consonants common to Spanish-speaking southern countries. This contrasting analysis stems from a study I recently carried out focusing on the idiosyncratic speech of the province of Avila, the results of which are compared with those appearing in Jose Antonio Gonzalez Salgado's Cartografia linguistica de Extremadura. Drawing on this comparison we notice subtle differences which, together with the common points of their development, help to explain the complex evolution of numerous consonant sounds which are progressively reduced until they sometimes disappear. These processes involve a form of compressed speech which we suggest as the cause of these changes. Despite these vital innovations, the south of Avila and the region of Extremadura keep archaic aspirated phonemes originating from the Latin F-, which expands the con


Microscale chemistry instruments such as plastic plate, microscale test tube, beaker, fuunel had been used in this experiment. Some important elememts such as calcium, iron, magnesium and phosphorus in organisms and foods have been qualitative identificated. The tested material includes tea, leaf, milk, laver, cotton, egg and so on. The amount of the reagents used in this experiment is one-tenth used in common experiments. The experiment effect is as same as the original one, and incarnates the advantage of the microscale experiment.


This article examines explanatory factors behind well-being among Danish students during the COVID-19 crisis. The empirical analyses are based on a two round panel survey among students at Roskilde University in Denmark. Using fixed effect regression and random effect regression our results show that, amongst the variables included in the analysis, the level of self-assessed structure in everyday life has the strongest positive effect on the self-assessed level of well-being. We briefly discuss this finding which is supported by qualitative data from the survey. The article concludes that the major changes in everyday life, caused by the COVID-19 crisis and societal lockdown, for example, isolation, virtual classes etc., makes it more difficult to draw upon internalized habits and navigate socially, which may contribute negatively to well-being. Conceptually, the article calls for a deeper engagement with the role of everyday life structure and its effects on well-being at a more general level.


Comparative trials were made on multiple water treatment agents.Different water treatment agents were mixed with certain ratio based on the experimental data,so that the compound water treatment agent A with better treatment result and relatively low cost was selected and used for pretreatment of waste water.Application result showed that it could reduce the concentration of pollutant flowing in water from the secondary biochemical treatment plant,release the treatment pressure of plant and ensure the effluent meeting criteria.


Rationale Li and Mg isotopes are increasingly used as a combined tool within the geosciences. However, established methods require separate sample purification protocols utilising several column separation procedures. This study presents a single‐step cation‐exchange method for quantitative separation of trace levels of Li and Mg from multiple sample matrices. Methods The column method utilises the macro‐porous AGMP‐50 resin and a high‐aspect ratio column, allowing quantitative separation of Li and Mg from natural waters, sediments, rocks and carbonate matrices following the same elution protocol. High‐precision isotope determination was conducted by multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC‐ICPMS) on the Thermo Scientific™ NEPTUNE Plus™ fitted with 1013 Ω amplifiers which allow accurate and precise measurements at ion beams ≤0.51 V. Results Sub‐nanogram Li samples (0.3–0.5 ng) were regularly separated (yielding Mg masses of 1–70 μg) using the presented column method. The total sample consumption during isotopic analysis is <0.5 ng Li and <115 ng Mg with long‐term external 2σ precisions of ±0.39‰ for δ7Li and ±0.07‰ for δ26Mg. The results for geological reference standards and seawater analysed by our method are in excellent agreement with published values despite the order of magnitude lower sample consumption. Conclusions The possibility of eluting small sample masses and the low analytical sample consumption make this method ideal for samples of limited mass or low Li concentration, such as foraminifera, mineral separates or dilute river waters.


Some problems about the staff construction of political instructor in universities are analyzed through the analysis of the new situation and task in students' education and management and the present situation of political instructors, some suggestions about exploring the effective mechanism are put forward.


Routine hemoglobin (Hb) analysis identified a new β chain Hb variant in an Iranian woman, who otherwise had normal hematological indices. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the Hb variant was due to a missense mutation at amino acid codon 117 (CAC>GAC, His→Asp) of the β-globin gene.


The invention discloses a data reading method. A cluster data system comprises computing nodes and coordinating nodes, wherein shared caches shared by multiple computing nodes are arranged on the coordinating nodes, and a memory is arranged in each computing node. The data reading method comprises the steps that the computing nodes look up data pages to be read in the memories and send data obtaining requests to the coordinating nodes when the data pages to be read are not looked up, wherein the data obtaining requests are used for indicating the coordinating nodes to look up the data pages to be read from the shared caches; the computing nodes read the data pages to be read sent by the coordinating nodes, wherein the data pages to be read are sent to the computing nodes when the coordinating nodes look up the data pages to be read in the shared caches. By means of the data reading method, the quantity of SSDs in the cluster data system can be decreased and the utilization rate of the shared caches in the cluster data system can be improved while the data reading rate is ensured.


Systematic relationship of 13 species representing seven orders of anthozoans, and one hydrozoan as an outgroup, were investigated. Distance and parsimony methods were used to analyze nucleotide sequence data obtained from the 18S rDNA. The inferred phylogeny indicates that two orders, Ceriantharia and Antipatharia within subclass Ceriantipatharia, are not closely related to each other. Instead, the former appears to be the most ancestral group among anthozoans but the latter is more closely related to order Actiniaria within subclass Zoantharia. The result also indicates that the actiniarian may not be a monophyletic group, because Epiactis japonica is related more to order Scleractinia. Subclass Octocorallia appears to be a monophyletic group, within which order Pennatulacea diversed at first, and then orders Alcyonacea and Gorgonacea diversed later.


Guidelines are given for nurses and social workers involved in abortion care before and after the in-hospital procedure. The California Nurses' Association Maternity Conference Group established guidelines for such care in October, 1970 as follows. The nurse should keep the patient informed of all aspects of the procedure, provide a supportive presence, perform standard physical monitoring during the operation and afterwards, provide contraceptive counseling, and act as a sounding board for discussion of interpersonal relationships and future plans. High quality nursing requires understanding the physical and psychosocial aspects of abortion reflecting the nurse's recognition of the cultural, religious, and socioeconomic factors involved. This requires a nurse who is fully aware of her own feelings and can adapt or defer them to the patient's needs. In cases of suction or dilation abortions, these actions are particularly important, since the patient is in the hospital only a short time and can be easily ignored. In cases of saline infusion, the nurse should be fully aware of possible complications, including retained placentae, hemorrhage, infection, or uterine perforation. If the patient is readmitted for any of these complications, the nurse should continue to play the informative, supportive role. The nurse and social worker should also be aware of the possible psychological sequelae of abortion and watch for mental health problems. It is concluded that postabortion counseling is the best time for contraceptive counseling. Conscientious professional support along these guidelines should insure a positive experience for the abortion patient.


The Swedish curriculum of English states that one of the main goals in the subject is 'the ability to discuss and reflect on living conditions, social issues and cultural features in different contexts and parts of the world where English is used' (Skolverket, 2011, p 2). However, how this goal can or should be achieved is unclear, and this paper investigates whether multicultural literature could be useful. The investigation is divided into four sections where different aspects of multicultural literature are discussed: what culture in the English subject means, which qualities literature has in the context, what makes multicultural literature different and last but not least examples of how multicultural literature could be used practically in the English classroom. The obvious advantage of multicultural literature is that 'silenced' groups get represented. However, it takes much skill to achieve ultimate positive effects, and it is debated whether this literature could even be counterproductive. My main conclusion is that the Swedish school, due to global challenges and migration, needs more multicultural course content, among other things multicultural literature. Nevertheless, it would be even better if the genre was normalized, and general literature would get representative instead. HT14-1160-003-LGEN1G Ronald Paul


Development of an effective system of interaction between the scientist and scientific library will optimize the information services for scientists and will promote the development of national science on the basis of new forms of scientific communication.


Patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), have a wide range of behavioral, cognitive, medical and psychiatric disorders (1,2), which is barely managing to focus an intervention
with real impact on the course of the disease (3 , 4. 5); although other studies have already shown a classic profile ASD patients, in our environment, does not exist a description of such features. In this study we performed a retrospective review of the main clinical features of patients diagnosed with ASD in Central Military Hospital (HMC) and Institute of Child Orthopedics Roosevelt (IOIR) Bogota, observed in the period between January 2010 and January 2014. Aspects of the emergence of ASD reported in the literature, such as perinatal events, neuropsychiatric personal and family history, comorbidities, frequency of association with genetic syndromes and inborn errors of metabolism were described. In the present study prevailed syndromic autism; the described findings, diagnosis and therapeutic approach, are consistent with those reported by the literature. Clinical elements are the main parameter for a correct diagnosis; behavioral management is the mainstay of treatment.


Studies of factors that impact electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDSs) carbonyl compound (CC) emissions have been hampered by wide within-condition variability. In this study, we examined whether this variability may be related to heating coil temperature variations stemming from manufacturing differences. We determined the mean peak temperature rise (ΔTmax) and CC emissions from 75 Subox ENDSs powered at 30 W. We found that ΔTmax and CC emissions varied widely, with greater ΔTmax resulting in exponentially higher CC emissions. Also, 12% of atomizers accounted for 85% of total formaldehyde emissions. These findings suggest that major reductions in toxicant exposure might be achieved through regulations focusing on limiting coil temperature.


Background: Nowadays, humanitarian relief organizations are more and more present in people's lives due to the number of recorded natural disasters increasing over the last 30 years. Although there ...


Carbohydrates are the largest source of dietary calories for most of the world's population. The major carbohydrates in the American diet are starch, lactose, and sucrose. The starches amylose and amylopectin are polysaccharides composed of hundreds to millions of glucosyl units linked together through ␣-1,4 and ␣-1,6 glycosidic bonds (Fig. 27.1). Lactose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose, linked together through a ␤-1,4 glycosidic bond. Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose, linked through an ␣-1,2 glyco-sidic bond. The digestive processes convert all of these dietary carbohydrates to their constituent monosaccharides by hydrolyzing glycosidic bonds between the sugars. The digestion of starch begins in the mouth (Fig. 27.2). The salivary gland releases a-amylase, which converts starch to smaller polysaccharides called ␣-dextrins. Salivary ␣-amylase is inactivated by the acidity of the stomach (HCl). Pancreatic ␣-amylase and bicarbonate are secreted by the exocrine pancreas into the lumen of the small intestine, where bicarbonate neutralizes the gastric secretions. Pancreatic ␣-amylase continues the digestion of ␣-dextrins, converting them to disaccharides (maltose), trisaccharides (maltotriose), and oligosaccharides called limit dextrins. Limit dextrins usually contain four to nine glucosyl residues and an isomaltose branch (two glucosyl residues attached through an ␣-1,6 glycosidic bond). The digestion of the disaccharides lactose and sucrose, as well as further digestion of maltose, maltotriose and limit dextrins, occurs through disacchari-dases attached to the membrane surface of the brush border (microvilli) of intestinal epithelial cells. Glucoamylase hydrolyzes the ␣-1,4 bonds of dextrins. The sucrase–isomaltase complex hydrolyzes sucrose, most of maltose, and almost all of the isomaltose formed by glucoamylase from limit dextrins. Lactase-glycosylceramidase (␤-glycosidase) hydrolyzes the ␤-glycosidic bonds in lactose and glycolipids. A fourth disaccharidase complex, trehalase, hydrolyzes the bond (an ␣-1,1 glycosidic bond) between two glucosyl units in the sugar trehalose. The monosaccharides produced by these hydrolases (glucose, fructose, and galactose) are then transported into the intestinal epithelial cells.


Through a meta-analysis of 14 studies, Dr. Hunter investigates the relationships among three variables: ability, job knowledge and performance. Performance is measured in two ways, work sample tests and supervisory ratings. Two causal models are presented which depict the possible relationships among the three variables. The first model suggests a direct impact of ability on performance, on job knowledge, and on supervisor ratings. This implies that there is an indirect relationship impact of job knowledge on supervisory ratings. The alternative model suggests that job knowledge is directly related to supervisory ratings. The results of the path analysis provide support for the latter model. Dr. Guion states that Hunter's findings provide evidence for the validity of ratings. However, the model is incomplete. He suggests that the model should be enlarged to include such exogenous variables as rater characteristics, ratee characteristics, and context factors.


We report on an XMM-Newton observation of the supernova remnant (SNR) DEM L241 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. In the soft band image, the emission shows an elongated structure, like a killifish (Head and Tail), with a central point source, named as XMMU J053559.3–673509 (Eye). The Eye's spectrum is well reproduced with a power-law model. The source has neither significant coherent pulsations nor time variabilities. Its luminosity and spectrum remind us that the source might be a pulsar and/or pulsar wind nebula in DEM L241. The spectra of Head and Tail are well reproduced by a non-equilibrium ionization plasma model with over-abundant Ne and under-abundant Fe, suggesting that the progenitor of DEM L241 is a very massive star.


Abstract Context: Hallabong [(Citrus unshiu × C. sinensis) X C. reticulata)] (Rutaceae) is a hybrid citrus cultivated in temperate regions of South Korea. Its fruit is well-known for pharmacological properties. Objective: This study examined the anti-inflammatory effect of 80% ethanol extract of Hallabong (HE) on concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated splenocytes and mouse oedema model induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbal acetate (TPA). Materials and methods: Murine splenocytes treated with HE were stimulated with Con A (10 μg/mL, for 24 h) were evaluated for T-cell population and production of inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ. Anti-inflammatory effect of topically applied HE (100 μg/20 μL) on TPA (4 μg/20 μL/ear)-induced ear oedema was investigated in mouse model. Results: HE-treated Con A-stimulated murine splenocytes showed a marked decrease in CD44/CD62L+ memory T-cell population, an important marker for anti-inflammatory activity, and a significant inhibition in the production of IL-2 and IFN-γ. HE treatment had reduced the mouse skin oedema (47%) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity significantly (40%) in TPA-challenged tissues. More importantly, immunohistochemical localization revealed the suppressed (p < 0.05) expression of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2). HE decreased the infiltration of CD3+ T cells and F4/80+ macrophages to the site of inflammation and a topical application of HE significantly suppressed the expression of TNF-α (20.2%). Discussion and conclusion: A topical application of HE can exert a potential anti-inflammatory effect and HE can be explored further as a putative alternative therapeutic agent for inflammatory oedema.


When the renewable energy output power is large, but the load is small, renewable energy power cannot be consumed locally. It is necessary to be sent out to the upper voltage level power grid through the gathering station. In this paper, the characteristics of regional renewable energy output power and the distribution of regional renewable projects that have not yet been put into production are analyzed. The maximum power demand of renewable energy that is sent out to the upper voltage level power grid in the region is obtained. Then, the valley-load period in the evening, the maximum power of renewable energy at noon, and the renewable energy access capacity of 110kV and below are analyzed. Based on the difference between the scale of the renewable energy construction scheme and the scale of access capacity, the demand scenario of the gathering station is proposed. Considering the security margin of the transformer load rate and the power control margin of the main renewable energy transmission channel, the construction demands of renewable energy gathering stations are obtained. Finally, a regional power grid with large-scale renewable energy is used to verify the effectiveness and adaptability of the proposed method.


Papsmear test is a means of detecting cervix cancer early that can detect the abnormal change of cervical cells. Papsmear test is actually highly recommended to every woman who has had sexual relation, but in reality many Indonesian women have not undertaken this test. Thus, majority patients come to undertake examination after they develop advanced-stage cervical cancer. This research aimed to find out the relationship between the > 25 year old women's knowledge on cervical cancer and Papsmear test-undertaking behavior in Obgyn Polyclinic of Bangil Local Hospital of Pasuruan.
The research design employed in this study was an analytical design with cross sectional approach. The population of research was all of > 25 year old women in Obgyn Polyclinic of Bangil Local Hospital of Pasuruan, while the sample consisted of 186 respondents, taken using accidental sampling. Data of knowledge was collected using close-ended questionnaire, while that of behavior was collected using observation sheet. Then the data passed through editing, coding, scoring, and tabulating processes and was tested using chi square test.
The data was displayed in pie chart form.
The result of research showed that 43 (23%) respondents had good knowledge, 40 (22) had adequate knowledge, and 103 (55%) had poor knowledge. In addition, 32 (17%) respondents behaved appropriately and 154 (83%) did so inappropriately.  The result of chi square test showed significance value 0.000 < α = 0.05, indicating that H0 was not supported and H1 was supported.
The conclusion of research stated that there was a relationship between the > 25 year old women's knowledge on cervical cancer and Papsmear test-undertaking behavior in Obgyn Polyclinic of Bangil Local Hospital of Pasuruan. Thus, the author expected government, private, and health workers to provide much more information in many accessible media and to motivate the people to undertake Papsmear test.


Abstract : This report evaluates the performance characteristics of a thin layer thermoelectric device, developed for use in special cooling applications. Test results, conclusions, and recommendations are included. (Author)


Sir .—Premature infants are subjected to stringent invasive and noninvasive oxygen monitoring in the pursuit of the elusive "safe" path between hypoxic brain damage on the one hand and increased risks of blindness from retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) on the other. For the majority of infants, this period is relatively short. In some infants, however, chronic lung disease leads to such a prolonged oxygen requirement that home oxygen administration is considered. Hudak et al 1 have recently reported a growth benefit to 30 infants receiving oxygen at home when their pulse oximetry was kept over 95% saturation. They also stressed avoidance of hyperoxia but did not relate this to the degree of retinal immaturity or ROP present in a particular infant. The risk for severe ROP appears to be proportional to the degree of retinal immaturity, ie, the amount of avascular retina. It follows from this understanding that when the


The 21st-century skills are creativity and innovation, critical thinking and problem-solving, communication and collaboration are accessible through Modelling. This is closely related to HOTS. The problem formulation is, firstly how is HOTS on Mathematical Modelling Approach in a primary school that is valid? and secondly how is HOTS in Mathematical Modelling Approach in Primary schools that are practical? This research uses a development research method which consists of 3 stages, namely analysis, design and evaluation. In the analysis step carried out student analysis, curriculum, and HOTS in Mathematics modelling approach. The second steps is design and product. Then the final step, researchers used a formative evaluation design consisting of self-evaluation, one-to-one, expert review, small group. Subjects in this study were students of SD IT Bina Insani Kayuagung in Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. Data collection techniques are, firstly, walkthrough, this is based on expert review to get tasks valid in content, construct and language aspects of HOTS on mathematics modelling approach in Primary Schools, secondly, interview, this is from one to one, small group to find out the practicality of a Hypothetical Learning Trajectory, and lastly, questionnaire. From expert validation and student answers analysis, we obtained HOTS tasks on mathematical modelling approach in primary schools that are valid and practical using "Jumat Sejahtera" Context.


An investigation of boreal forest attenuation of a radar signal in winter is presented, applying a multifrequency (1–10 GHz) ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GB-SAR). As stable targets, corner reflectors (CRs) with known radar cross section (RCS) were used under the forest canopy. This enabled to relate changes in observed wideband backscattering from the reflectors to attenuation of the radar signal in forest vegetation, eliminating the influence of the background, such as snow and soil. We found that ambient temperature affected the observed attenuation of the radar signal in the entire 1–10-GHz frequency range. For temperatures <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T < 0 ~^{\circ }\text{C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, attenuation was found to decrease by up to 4.3 dB at the lowest observed temperatures of −36 °C, with peak attenuation occurring at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T \approx 0 ~^{\circ }\text{C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The overall apparent two-way attenuation increased by up to 18 dB from L- to X-band. The presence of snow on the canopy was found to increase attenuation by 1–4 dB, the effect increasing with frequency while having only negligible effects on vegetation backscatter.


Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/facpub Part of the Law Commons Publication Information Michael P. Waxman, Can Governmental Action Shield Otherwise Commercial Activity Under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act?, 1992-93 Term Preview U.S. Sup. Ct. Cas. 137 (1992). Copyright © 1992 American Bar Association. This information or any portion thereof may not be copied or disseminated in any form or by any means or downloaded or stored in an electronic database or retrieval system without the express written consent of the American Bar Association.


Germany is now looking offshore in order to retain its leadership position in wind power and to assure the future growth oF its wind sector. The North Sea and the Baltic Sea are the next frontiers of development.


Despite sustained international attention, evidence suggests that a significant proportion of cancer pain remains inadequately treated [1]. Poorly managed pain has significant implications for the individual in terms of functional impairment, psychological distress and the intensification of other symptoms, as well as leading to longer in-patient stays, higher resource utilisation and costs [2-4]. Barriers to appropriate treatment have been identified and classified as either system, patient or physician barriers. Physician barriers include incorrect knowledge of and misconceptions relating to analgesics, primarily opioids, which are the mainstay of cancer pain management [5].


The switching current profiles of ferroelectric Pt/Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3/Pt capacitors were investigated after high-temperature baking to elucidate the mechanisms for retention loss. In the same-state retention, a decrease in the peak value of switching current and increase in the switching time were observed. These changes in the switching characteristics were attributed to the growth of an internal field. By comparing with the switching characteristics of a virgin capacitor and using the Merz equations, we estimated quantitatively the magnitude of the internal field. In the opposite-state retention, backswitching of polarization, triggered by the internal field, was found to be the main cause of the retention loss.


Abstract This work presents a mixed reality remote experimentation laboratory for professional education in the area of Mechatronics. The proposed system makes use of the mixed reality system named deriveSERVER, which has been developed by the Bremen University, and extends it, in order to allow the integration of both time discrete and time continuous control algorithms. The remote experiment will be used to enhance lessons used in SENAI-RS, a vocational education institution in southern Brazil, enabling the development of collaborative projects among students at different SENAI sites.


The original habitat and protection status of 20 selected local landscape plants according to the comparative advantage principle of their rare feature,development and utilization value were surveyed and their marketization development and application was evaluated by using product index grade evaluation method based on the introduction cultivation and propagation test to effectively protect and rationally utilize plant germplasm resources.The results show that 20 local landscape plants in rare or imminent danger status are protected basically and are in good growth status,the emergence rate of seed propagation and survival rate of cuttage propagation of 20 local landscape plants are 33%~90% and 42%~88% and the cultivation propagation coefficient and producing period are 0.62~0.97 and 3~4 a.Camellia,Tutcheria,Acerand Machilus nanmu are good for bulk propagation,which can be utilized in production.


Introduction Rib based distraction for early onset scoliosis (EOS) and thoracic insufficiency is an accepted form of managing progressive spinal and chest wall deformities. Once growth has ceased, these patients generally undergo definitive fusion surgery to prevent further progression of deformity. Our objective was to review peri-operative outcomes in patients undergoing definitive fusion following rib-based distraction treatment for EOS. Methods 27 patients treated with rib-based distraction for EOS who subsequently underwent final fusion were evaluated with an IRB approved patient registry. All patients were treated by a single surgeon. Information from the registry, patient operative reports, and X-rays were reviewed. Surgical time, blood-loss, complications, overall correction, and need for osteotomies were documented. Radiographic measurements included pre and post-operative sagittal and coronal Cobb angles. All numerical measurements were evaluated for statistical mean, range, and standard deviation. Results The average age at implantation of the rib-based construct was 7.45 (1.78–11.78) years. The mean age at definitive fusion was 13.51 (9.21–18.51) years, following an average of 10.5 (0–18) lengthening procedures and 13.35 (3–21) total surgeries. The mean coronal Cobb angle measured 67.42 (40–107) degrees prior to fusion and 50.17 (32–82) degrees following fusion. Pre-operative mean kyphosis was 61.08 (8–113) degrees and post-operatively averaged 50.00 (20–85) degrees. Operative time averaged 256 (115–520) minutes with a mean 534 cc (180–1280) blood loss. Osteotomies were required in 11 patients (41%). Complications occurred in 12 patients (44%), 9 requiring a repeat procedure. Conclusion Definitive fusion in patients treated with rib-based distraction is both technically challenging and tends to be associated with longer operative times, higher blood loss, and a higher rate of complications. Although the amount of correction is limited by stiffness, scaring, and autofusion, definitive fusion surgery does improve pre-operative coronal Cobb angles and kyphosis. Longer term studies will be needed to establish whether correction is maintained over time.


The expression of human mammary epithelial (HME) antigens was studied in primary cell cultures of normal and abnormal breast tissue and of tissues from other organs. By indirect immunofluorescence it was shown that heterologous anti‐HME bound to the cell surface of both suspension and monolayer cultures of human breast epithelial cells from normal breast tissue, normal breast fluid, non‐malignant atypical lesions of the female breast, gynecomastia in the male breast, breast carcinomas, and peritoneal and pleural effusions of patients with breast carcinomas. The fibroblast‐like cells cultured from either normal, non‐malignant atypical, or malignant breast tissue never bound anti‐HME, nor did histiocyte‐like cells from breast fluid or a sarcoid granuloma of the breast. From a Paget tumor of the breast, two distinguishable epithelial‐like colonies appeared in the cultures, only one of which expressed HME‐antigens. Anti‐HME did not bind to cells cultured from tissues of other organs, whether epithelial‐like or fibroblast‐like; these organs included thyroid, ovary, endometrium, and skin.


This study was designed to recombine the genes from the variable regions of light chain and heavy chain of MD, a monoclonal antibody against human liver cancer VH and VL gene were amplified, by RT- PCR, and then were connected to each other by a linker peptide using extension overlap splicing PCR to obtain the MDscFv gene. Sequence analysis showed that scFv gene consisted of 831bp, among them, 404bp for heavy chain gene, located upstream of scFv gene, and 400bp for the light chain gene, located downstream. The relative molecular weight of fusion protein is 36kDa which was consistent with the theoretically predicted value. ELISA analysis revealed that scFv had equal immunoreactivity to the parent MD antibody. MDscFv gene against human hepatocellular carcinoma was successfully constructed, and functionally expressed in E. coli.


A linear gyrokinetic particle-in-cell scheme, which is valid for arbitrary perpendicular wavelength $k_\perp\rho_i$ and includes the parallel dynamic along the field line, is developed to study the local electrostatic drift modes in point and ring dipole plasmas. We find the most unstable mode in this system can be either electron mode or ion mode. The properties and relations of these modes are studied in detail as a function of $k_\perp\rho_i$, the density gradient $\kappa_n$, the temperature gradient $\kappa_T$, electron to ion temperature ratio $\tau=T_e/T_i$, and mass ratio $m_i/m_e$. For conventional weak gradient parameters, the mode is on ground state (with eigenstate number $l=0$) and especially $k_\parallel\sim0$ for small $k_\perp\rho_i$. Thus, bounce averaged dispersion relation is also derived for comparison. For strong gradient and large $k_\perp\rho_i$, most interestingly, higher order eigenstate modes with even (e.g., $l=2,4$) or odd (e.g., $l=1$) parity can be most unstable, which is not expected by previous studies. High order eigenstate can also easily be most unstable at weak gradient when $\tau>10$. This work can be particularly important to understand the turbulent transport in laboratory and space magnetosphere.


The liquid–liquid equilibria for the water + n-pentanoic acid + n-heptane system and the water + n-pentanoic acid + dichloromethane system were determined at 298.2 K. The NRTL and UNIQUAC models were applied to both ternary systems. The interaction parameters obtained from the NRTL model correlated with the equilibrium compositions better than those from the UNIQUAC model.


Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) can directly extract the target analytes and simultaneously determine many similar substances from complicated sample matrices. Also, it has very high chemical stability. Therefore, we used fabric phase sorptive extraction to analyze three amphetamine drugs (amphetamine (AM), methamphetamine (MAM), and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)) in water. This was coupled with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The effects of different sorbent chemistries such as sorption time, ratios of back-extraction solvents, back-extraction time, and the salt effect on the extraction efficiency were studied; the optimum operation conditions were determined. Medium polarity polar polymer-coated FPSE media were created using short-chain poly (tetrahydrofuran) (PTHF). This is the most efficient extraction media for the analytes of interest. Under the optimized conditions, the linear range of the three amphetamine drugs were 0.1–150.0 (AM, MAM) and 0.5–200 ng mL−1 (MDMA). The correlation coefficients (γ) were 0.9947 (AM), 0.9925 (MAM), and 0.9918 (MDMA). The detection limits (LOD) were 0.025 ng mL−1 for AM, 0.029 ng mL−1 for MAM, and 0.01 ng mL−1 for MDMA. The corresponding limit of quantification values (LOQ) were 0.083 ng mL−1, 0.097 ng mL−1, and 0.031 ng mL−1, respectively. The recoveries were 73.4–91.6%, 82.6–95.4%, and 92.7–95.3%, respectively, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) were 1.65–6.88%, 1.38–6.11%, and 1.58–7.34%, respectively. Moreover, our method can be successfully applied for the analysis of amphetamines in wastewater samples, and at the same time, lays the foundation for the future detection of such substances.


This paper describes some of the basic questioning techniques employed in contemporary tape recorded interviews of suspects in criminal investigations. First it shows how detectives attempt to question for information and/or confessions. Two basic questioning strategies are identified, in which the aim is either to gather information or a confession. The implications of each strategy are discussed, for example, certain confession oriented strategies may invite defences based on the suggestibility of the suspect. The second part of the paper shows how detectives cope with suspects who use their right of silence. Five distinct strategies are identified, ranging from avoidance, where officers terminate questioning immediately after silence is encountered, to rationalization, where officers argue directly against the use of silence in interviews. The questioning techniques are discussed in relation to the need for officers to receive training in interviewing skills.


A series of anionic complexes of bis(pentafluorophenyl)tin (IV) chloride; (C6F5)2SnCl2 with quaternary ammonium, -stibonium, -arsonium salts; R4MY where R= CH3-, C6H5-; M= N, As, Sb and Y= NCS, NCO, N3 have been synthesised. These newly synthesised anionic complexes are electrolyte in acetonitrile and are monomeric in benzene. The spectroscopic techniques (IR) and analytical data shows that Sn (IV) can expand their coordination sphere in presence of pentafluorophenyl group directly attatched to tin with pseudohalide ligands. The ionic nature has been confirmed by conductance measurement and Van't Hoff factor ' i '.


The possibility of usage of diatom soil as artificial lightweight material obtained by mixing with finely pulverized waste melting slag and slaked lime is investigated. The effects of diatom soil without mixing of slag and mixing ratio of diatom soil, pulverized waste melting slag and slaked lime on the unconfined compressive strengths are examined. The unconfined compressive strengths of the diatom soil-slag mixed material of 25% diatom soil content is the largest in comparison with that of another mixed materials of 50, 75% diatom soil content with the increase of slaked lime admixture. Environmental impact assessment is also performed on the mixed materials of diatom soil, slag and slaked lime.


Polymyositis is a subgroup of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies characterized by symmetric proximal limb weakness and chronic skeletal muscle inflammation. We herein report the first case of bilateral leg pain and unilateral calf atrophy caused by polymyositis accompanying lumbar spinal stenosis and disc herniation. A 52-year-old man presented with intermittent claudication and calf pain that had become gradually aggravated during the last 3 months. Magnetic resonance imaging showed spinal stenosis at the L3/4 and L4/5 levels and lumbar disc herniation at the L4/5 level. Preoperative laboratory investigations revealed elevated muscle enzyme concentrations. Magnetic resonance imaging also showed atrophy, fatty degeneration, and edema in both calf muscles. Histological examination showed inflammatory myositis and fibrosis in the perifascicular connective tissues. The patient was diagnosed with polymyositis. We performed decompressive laminectomy at the L3/4 and L4/5 levels and discectomy at the L4/5 level. After administration of prednisolone for 6 months and methotrexate for 3 months, the patient's bilateral calf pain and abnormal laboratory findings improved. The combination of surgical decompression and adequate medical treatment resulted in a successful recovery. Polymyositis should be suspected in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis or lumbar disc herniation who exhibit increased muscle enzyme concentrations or lower extremity muscle atrophy.


The energy-saving characteristic of R410A air conditioner with DC-inverter scroll compressor was analyzed.A parameter-distributing steady mathematic model was established for this air conditioner.With this model,the trend changing with operating frequency of refrigeration capacity,power input and energy efficiency ratio(EER) was calculated.This air conditioner was tested on the air conditioner performance-testing bench in Central South University.The results show that the relative errors of capacity,power and EER are 2.9%,6.2%,3.9% respectively,which verifies that the model established is reliable.For a domestic air conditioner with DC-inverter,EER can reach 4.3 when operating at 20 Hz,but lower than 2.5 when operating at 100 Hz,so it is advised to choose one with higher refrigeration capacity air conditioner with DC-inverter.


The quality of surface water remains an important issue today. This is particularly acute for water bodies located in the urban-basin geosystems. Purpose. To estimate pressure of atmospheric precipitation within the urban landscape  basin geosystem on the river water (by example of the Kharkiv river). Methods. Field landscaping, ecological, landscape-geochemical; analytical; system analysis; chemical analytical; statistical Results. An assessment of the state of surface waters under the impact from the surface runoff of atmospheric origin during 2014-2016, and partly from 2017-2019, formed under the influence of the transport (partly residential) subsystem of the urban area and surface waters in  Kharkiv. On the salt content, the characteristic of water quality is "moderately polluted" (1,6); on the tropho-saprobiological indicators, the quality of water is characterized as "polluted" (from 3.1 to 2.75 along the river). It is in this context the impact of waters, which is formed in the conditions of the urban environment for the quality of natural waters, is well demonstrated. The presence of high values of pollutants and natural factors. The assessment of the quality of water on the content of specific indicators is "moderately polluted" (from 2.28 to 1.85). Conclusions. The water of the Kharkiv region, which has a strong influence from the urban environment, has a grade III quality; the water is "moderately polluted". Environmental assessment indicates the impact of surface runoff already on the middle part of the river, which increases in accordance with the conditions of the operation of urban landscapes and anthropogenic (transport) load.


Table beet polyphenol oxidase (PPO) causes undesirable color in underblanched products. The effects of pH and temperature on PPO activity were studied. Varietal differences and the effects of blanching on PPO activity of table beets were measured. The enzyme was most active at pH 7.0 and temperature 25°C. The rate of heat inactivation increases rapidly with increasing temperature and follows pseudo-first order kinetics. The enzyme activity varied among different cultivars of table beets. Water blanching deactivated the enzyme but the time required for a complete inactivation varied according to the size of table beets.


We often find that the translation of some fluent Chinese slogans is not exact or has mechanical translating phenomena.This paper,taking some city propaganda slogans as example,summarizes some improper translation: inappropriate wording,out of accordance with English language style,lacking of integrity feeling and obscurity.Then the author sets out the respective proper English translation.In this way,Chinese and English both have their own language cultural features.


The invention discloses a display processing method and device for pages. Dynamic display and switching of the pages are achieved. The display processing method comprises the steps that input sliding operation is received, wherein the sliding operation is used for switching the current page in a display interface to the next page; the display size of the current page is reduced along with increase of the sliding distance of the sliding operation, and the current page is moved out of the display interface along with the sliding operation; meanwhile, the next page is moved to the display interface along with the sliding operation, the display size of the next page is increased along with increase of the sliding distance of the sliding operation, wherein the initial display size of the next page is smaller than the size of the display interface. According to the technical scheme, the display processing method and device for the pages achieve dynamic display and switching of the pages, and user experience is improved.


In this article, the author will discuss the ways to achieve knowledge according to Ibn Athaillah as-Sakandary. In sufism literature, revealed that the source of knowledge which is available in human beings according to the Sufis is qalb . Many researchers assume that they had reduced the role of mind in achieving knowledge. Therefore, Ibn Athaillah tries to integrate qalb and mind in achieving knowledge. Mind is an abstraction element to achieve knowledge which has a big role toward rational logic. The basic character of mind is active. Then, the method used by the mind is scientific reasoning and scientific experiments. On the contrary, the basic character of qalb is not active, but it is passive. The element of knowledge obtained by qalb is purely given by Allah. Therefore, to achieve knowledge, qalb uses intuitive witnessing ( dzauq ) method directly. Asrar or sir is tajally and witnessing media as the deepest element of qalb . Besides that, there are other powers available in human beings such as syu`aul bashirah , ' ain al-bashirah , haqq al-bashirah . Those kinds of media are related to another term such as anwar . Some of these terms could complete each other.


ABSTRACT Response to bovine parathyroid extract (PTE) was tested in an 11 8/12-yr-old girl with pseudohypoparathyroidism before and during treatment with large doses of vitamin D2. Prior to vitamin D2 therapy, there was a slight but subnormal calcemic response and no phosphaturic response to large doses of PTE. Response to the same dose of PTE was tested again while the patient was receiving sufficient vitamin D2 (100,000 IU/day) to restore serum calcium, serum phosphate and the renal handling of phosphate to normal ranges. The serum calcium rose promptly from 10.0 to 14.4 mg/100 ml in response to intramuscular PTE injection and there were marked increases in urinary phosphate excretion rate and phosphate clearance and a decrease in % TRP. The hypercalcemic response to PTE was also demonstrable when the patient received a very low intake of calcium, indicating that bone calcium was mobilized in response to the PTE administration in the vitamin D2 treated patient. We conclude that large doses of vitamin D2...


A pragmatic, but focused, pursuit by British policy-makers of an alliance is often regarded as a central element in the genesis of the North Atlantic Treaty. Analysis of the issue of Scandinavian membership shows that British policy was not actually consistent regarding either means or ends. It was subject to internal debate, based upon conflicting assumptions in the Oslo embassy, the Foreign Office, and the armed forces. The Foreign Office's main concern was to provide Norway and Denmark with a sense of security so that they would take measures against internal subversion, while the military was more concerned to prevent British military resources being overstretched and were prepared to accept Scandinavian neutrality: they wished if possible to keep the cold war out of Scandinavia. Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin and the Foreign Office did not believe this was possible, nor necessarily desirable, but were less than wholehearted about Norway and Denmark joining the pact on their own. Even in early 1949, when Soviet pressure was applied to Norway, Britain was ambivalent about whether Norway should be a founder-member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Although Britain strongly desired the alliance for long-term gains, they worked hard to ensure the form it took worked to meet their short-term needs.


The recent market instability was caused by many factors, chief among them a dramatic change in the ability to create new lines of credit, which dried up the flow of money and slowed new economic growth and the buying and selling of assets. This hurt individuals, businesses, and financial institutions hard, and many financial institutions were left holding mortgage backed assets that had dropped precipitously in value and weren't bringing in the amount of money needed to pay for the loans. This dried up their reserve cash and restricted their credit and ability to make new loans. The current financial crisis, which began in the U.S., then spread to Europe, has now become global. Even emerging markets and less developed countries that managed their economy well, resisted the bad lending practices, held high levels of foreign exchange reserves, did not purchase toxic mortgages, and did not allow their banks to engage in excessive risk taking through derivatives are likely to become embroiled and to suffer as a result.


The fruit nutritional quality of 6 Canarium album(Lour.) Raeusch cultivars from Chaoshan area in Guangdong were measured in order to provide evidence for breeading superior cultivars. The content of vitamin C, protein, organic acid, total soluble solid and calcium in 6 cultivars of C. album fruit was determined by 2, 6-Dichloro phenol indophenol titration,Coomassie brilliant blue staining method, acid-base titration, Abbe refractometer and flame atomic absorption spectrometry(FAAS) respectively. The results showed that the content of protein in C. album cv. Fengyu No.1 was the highest while C.album cv. Raotian No.1 and C. album cv. Nazhong ranked the first of TSS content. Organic acid content was the highest in C. album cv. Jixin; and vitamin C in C. album cv. Fengyu No.2 and calcium content in C. album cv. Nazhong was the highest. C. album cv. Feng Yu 1 and C. album cv. Nazhong could be the main breeding and popularizing cultivars for fresh seeds;C. album cv. Fengyu No. 2 and C. album cv. Raotian No.1 were suitable for fresh use; C. album cv. Jixin and C. album cv.Tuna were suitable for processing.


Athletes who specialize early often invest more into their sport from a young age. It has been suggested early specializers feel greater pressure to perform and, as a result, have higher levels of anxiety or on the contrary may have developed better coping strategies than their sampling peers. This study focused on understanding differences between early specializers and samplers on relevant psychological constructs (competitive state anxiety, competitive trait anxiety, and personality). Participants were divided into groups based on a modified version of the Developmental History of Athletes Questionnaire (Hopwood, Farrow, MacMahon, & Baker, 2015) and independent sample ttests considered between group differences. There were no significant differences between early specializers and samplers for competitive state anxiety, competitive trait anxiety, or the big five personality traits. Results highlight the need for further investigation into differences between early specializers and samplers.