Background: Deracoxib and firocoxib are cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors approved for veterinary use, but not for use in humans. Information on the outcome of human ingestions of these drugs is not readily available. Objective: To describe human ingestions of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors reported to poison centers. Methods: All human ingestions of deracoxib and firocoxib reported to Texas poison centers during 2003–2009 were identified, and the distribution of ingestions by demographic and clinical factors was determined. Final medical outcome was determined by poison center staff, based on adverse clinical effects that are observed or expected. Results: Of 72 total ingestions, 56.9% involved deracoxib and 43.1% involved firocoxib. One tablet or less was ingested in 87.7% of cases in which the number of tablets was known. The patients were 62.5% female, 51.4% aged 0–5 years, 6.9% aged 6–19 years, and 41.7% aged 20 years or more. The patient was managed on site in 94.4% of the cases. The distribution of cases by final medical outcome was 44.4% no effect, 18.1% not followed but judged nontoxic, 34.7% not followed but minimal effects possible, and 2.8% effects probably not related to the ingestion. Conclusions: Human ingestions of deracoxib and firocoxib reported to Texas poison centers were relatively uncommon. Such ingestions usually involved 1 tablet or less. Cases followed to known outcome did not result in serious outcomes and were frequently managed on site.


Abstract : Surface weather stations are being used in the Terminal Doppler Weather Radar program to assess the radar detectability of wind shear and to help gain an understanding of microburst forcing mechanisms. During 1986, surface station networks operated by Lincoln Laboratory (FLOWS) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (PAM-II) were deployed in the Huntsville, AL area. A preliminary assessment of the overall performance of PAM-II and FLOWS networks suggests that they performed with comparable accuracy for those meteorological characteristics most important to the detection of microbursts. While differences and discrepancies were noted, especially in the network total precipitation amounts, none would preclude treating PAM-II and FLOWS data together as if they were generated by a single network. We conclude that the data can be directly combined for microburst detection analyses. Keywords: PAM- II, FLOWS, Meteorological instrumentation, Automatic weather station, Downburst, Microburst, Thunderstorms, COHMEX, MIST, Mesonet, and Wind shear.


Dressing is an important operation for the grinding process. Its goal is to recondition the wheel tool to re-establish its cutting characteristics, owing to the wear produced after successive passes. Monitoring systems that use acoustic emission (AE) have been studied to correlate the signals with several tool conditions. This study brings a new approach of processing AE signals with the purpose of identifying the correct moment to stop the dressing, which is essential in an automatic control system. From the AE signals collected in dressing tests with aluminium oxide grinding wheel and single-point dresser, spectral analysis was made through power spectral density, selecting frequencies bands that best characterise the process. The statistical parameter 'counts' was applied to the raw signal unfiltered and filtered in the selected bands in order to identify the tool condition and, in turn, towards a monitoring system implementation. Results showed an expressive relation between tool cutting conditions and processed signals in the selected bands. There was a great disparity of the filtered signals in the selected bands and signals unfiltered, reflecting that the filtered ones were more efficient in terms of process automation.


The media and conditions for the growth of isolated maple tissues were determined. Tissues isolated from Acer pennsylvanicum and Acer saccharum were grown on a medium containing 25% coconut milk, 2 p.p.m. naphthalene-acetic acid, 2% sucrose, and 2 times the salt concentrations suggested by White and Nitsch. The cultures have maintained an actively growing condition in the dark at 26–27 °C. The utilization of various carbohydrates by A. pennsylvanicum tissue was determined. Sucrose, glucose, and raffinose were utilized most efficiently. Extracellular starch digestion was detected using isolated A. saccharum stem callus.


The thermomechanical ice sheet modeling is used to simulate the behavior of ice sheets in the Antarctic region. This research investigates some parameters such as ice thickness, ice temperature and ice velocity. The numerical discretization to obtain a large sparse system of unconditionally stable is based on explicit and Crank Nicolson implicit methods. The numerical solver for solving the large sparse systems is Jacobi and Gauss Seidel methods. Matlab version 2011a has been chosen as the platform to support the numerical computations. The numerical results prove that the thermomechanical ice sheet modelling is well suited to simulate the ice sheet behavior in terms of thickness, temperature and velocity. The contribution of this paper is to successfully discretize the ice thickness model based on Finite Difference Method. The ice sheet model is considered a good prediction model based on its visualization using Comsol Multiphysics software.


An examination of the meaning of the term 'Me,' with special reference to Belgium. There is a long-standing confusion about the meaning of the term Me. As early as 1911, the Italian Scarelli distinguished between an economic, a statistical and a social Me. The dysfunctional aspects of this terminological confusion were noted in Belgium in 1937 by E. Mahaim, director of the Solvay Instit of Sociol, and F. Collin, Royal Commissioner for the Me. An account is given of a Belgian controversy on this subject in the 1950's started by Moulin and Aerts. It is concluded that the Me has 2 chief social functions: it acts as a buffer and link, and it also acts as a social lift. Definitions of the Me will have to take into account these 2 functions. I. Langnas.


Scalp sebums of 64 young men were applied once daily for ten times to the external ear canal of the rabbit. In every instance follicular hyperkeratosis resulted. This finding supports the conception that sebum contains substances that directly stimulates the follicle to form a comedo, the elementary lesion in acne vulgaris.


The configuration and working theory of test and control system of Fan Coil Unit(FCU),and application of PLC in this system were introduced.The computer program of the system was developed based on LabVIEW software,while the local control of the system was designed based on PLC.Furthermore.The wind way system、water way system、PLC control program and the communication with computer were present in detail.


The overall design of virtual environment system of coalmine was put forward.The whole system includes four parts,data management,3D geometric modeling,generation of coalmine virtual environment and stereo display.Data management module provides data for system,3D geometric modeling module using 3D data model and data structure constructs model of stratum,roadway and drill,generation of coalmine virtual environment module using VR(virtual reality) technology constructs virtual mine environment which give users a feeling that they are personally on the scene,stereo display module using VR equipments realizes stereo vision of spatial object.In addition,3D data model and data structure,which are specially suited for coalmine application,were proposed.A prototype system of the self-authorized intellectual property right in our country,VRMine,was also implemented.


CO2 geological storage in deep saline aquifers is an effective way to reduce CO2 emissions. The injection of CO2 inevitably causes a significant pressure increase in reservoirs. When there exist faults which cut through a deep reservoir and shallow aquifer system, there is a risk of the shallow aquifer being impacted by the changes in reservoir hydrodynamic fields. In this paper, a radial model and a 3D model are established by TOUGH2-ECO2N for the reservoir system in the CO2 geological storage demonstration site in the Junggar Basin to analyze the impact of the CO2 injection on the deep reservoir pressure field and the possible influence on the surrounding shallow groundwater sources. According to the results, the influence of CO2 injection on the reservoir pressure field in different periods and different numbers of well is analyzed. The result shows that the number of injection wells has a significant impact on the reservoir pressure field changes. The greater the number of injection wells is, the greater the pressure field changes. However, after the cessation of CO2 injection, the number of injection wells has little impact on the reservoir pressure recovery time. Under the geological conditions of the site and the constant injection pressure, although the CO2 injection has a significant influence on the pressure field in the deep reservoir, the impact on the shallow groundwater source area is minimal and can be neglected and the existing shallow groundwater sources are safe in the given project scenarios.


: This research is done to find out how the strengths and weaknesses that become internal factors Batamnews in increasing the number of advertisers, how the opportunities and threats that are becoming an external factor Batamnews in increasing the number of advertisers, how marketing communication strategy Batamnews in increasing the number of advertisers and how to position Batamnews compared to other online media. This study uses a qualitative method with a SWOT analysis seen from internal factors, external factors and the profile of competition. The results obtained from IFAS and EFAS are the highest strength namely the many variations of advertisements offered with a score of 0.504. The highest weakness is the number of human resources (HR) with a score of 0.193. The highest chance is that the news displayed has been verified by the Press Council with a score of 0, 580. The highest threat is similar businesses which continue to increase with a score of 0.191. Based on the SWOT analysis diagram the right strategy carried out by Batamnews is an aggressive strategy. In addition, Batamnews can also use strategies contained in the SWOT matrix such as improving news quality, improving the quality of existing advertisements, providing appropriate discounts or prices, and increasing relationships. For the results of the competitive profile matrix in Batamnews is in the first place when compared to two similar companies.


Magneto-rheological elastomers (MREs) are a new kind of Magneto-rheological materials mainly composed of polymer rubber and micro-sized magnetizable iron particles. In this technical note, a shear-mode semi-active dynamic vibration absorber (SDVA) based on MREs is proposed and the dynamic design principle of an axial SDVA attached to ship shafting is studied. The material preparation of MREs and their properties under different magnetic fields are introduced. The structure of a single SDVA is designed. Furthermore, the natural frequencies of the single SDVA under different magnetic fields and temperatures are experimentally evaluated. It is found that the natural frequency of SDVA has a decreasing trend with the temperature increasing. However, it has an increasing trend with the excitation current increasing in the same temperature situation. The effect of temperature is more obvious than the excitation current.


Our previous publication named 'Improved gloss depiction using the empirical highlight un-distortion method for 3D image-warping-based stereo rendering (2015)' is to mimic physically rendered highlights for an image warped output by introducing an empirically based model. The empirical model uses the 'coupled-sphere' analogy that estimates the magnitude of such distortions, and the 'virtual-circle-tracing' analogy that approximate the direction of such distortions. The main features of the previous method that I proposed are as follows:


This research has the general objective to preserve and disseminate the artistic
heritage of family archive Lopez Cabrera. We study its content to get more information about the relevance and importance of musical and theatrical activity Lopez Cabrera family . Through international standards ISAD (G), a manual cataloging as a basis for further investigation of the archive is made. Starting with a non structured qualitative researching design, an initial inventory and classification scheme is obtained through a systematic observation of the archive's content. Interviews with family and review of previous studies, are used as tools to reconstruct the history of the professional activity of the members of the family. Using qualitative and quantitative techniques, some focused on the one hand , the reconstruction of the musical tradition of band results are generated, and on the other, in the partial state of the file in the subseries concerning zarzuela and sacred music, with special attention to the legacy of the father of the family, Vicente Lopez Carrio and one of the sons, Matias Lopez Cabrera. The conclusions drawn generate new contributions of interest to those interested in the local history of Verger, but most new hypotheses for future research projects related to musical activity in the twentieth century in El Verger are obtained.


Temporary property of a project addresses knowledge management should be evaluated as an essential effort by project based organizations. Knowledge management is referred strongly to the explicating tacit experiences of organizations. Although several different models proposed by researchers to manage knowledge for project based organizations, literature indicates the models developed disregarding interactions between the project management field and the knowledge management process. To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first time specifically aimed to provide a hybrid management approach (HMA) to manage knowledge embraced by the people and to manage the process of a project simultaneously, considering the interactions. In this paper after providing several indexes based on a comprehensive literature review, the most effectiveness model is proposed. Analyzing the interactions of the proposed top model and project management body of knowledge in details allowed the researchers to perform providing an effective hybrid approach. A real case study corresponding to the maintenance of aircraft is also provided in this paper to illustrate the effectiveness of HMA numerically. KeywordsKnowledge management, Project management, Hybrid approach, Boeing


Starting from a low-carbon economy perspective,based on DPSIR model,and combined with the current realities that development of low-carbon economy taking the region as its major focus,the paper builds the regional low-carbon economy evaluation index system of sustainable development.And using the principal component analysis method to determine the weight of each indicator index system,using the linear weighted method to calculate 2001-2010 the low-carbon economic sustainable development composite index value(UESDI) of Tianjin,it comes to the level of low-carbon economic development of Tianjin.At last,it proposes the proposals of low-carbon economic sustainable development of Tianjin.


— Automatically understanding human behaviors online in a video stream under various scenes is a challenging task. The major difficulty of this task lies in how to combine the spatial and temporal features of video sequences together to extract behavior patterns. To tackle this problem, we propose an evolving gene regulatory network (GRN) based BCM (E-GRN-BCM) model, which is a spiking neural network combined with biological cellular phenomenon. Basically, the weight, weight plasticity, and meta-plasticity of the spiking neural network will be regulated by the GRN, and the GRN will also be influenced by the activity of the neurons it resides in, in a closed loop. Furthermore, an efficient evolutionary algorithm, the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES), is used to justify the GRN parameters, which can significantly reduce the computational cost compared to traditional genetic algorithms. Extensive experimental results have demonstrated the efficiency and robustness of the proposed E-GRN-BCM model for online human behavior recognition under various scenes.


0.256 (0.208-0.307) 0.912 (0.860-0.980) 1.50 (1.42-1.56) 3856 0.841 0.233 (0.186-0.275) 0.800 (0.520-0.960) 1.42 (1.36-1.54) 3900 1.028 0.491 (0.346-0.626) Mean (SD) 0.897 (0.06) 0.362 (0.15) 0.856 (0.07) 1.46 (0.05)§ *With the rebreathe method, the operator exhales into the nebulizer. With the standard method, the operator exhales into the room air. Significantly lower than the manufacturer-labeled output ( P< .0001). §Significantly higher than the manufacturer-labeled output ( P< .0001).


In this paper, a novel fractal metamaterial with negative permittivity is presented. It consists of two pairs of fractal Hilbert curves with antisymmetric current distribution at resonance. The resonant current distribution shows that the structure behaves as an electrically small dipole. This approach, which is different from the conventional Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) based approaches, is described and the electric resonance is illustrated. The negative permittivity is derived from the numerically calculated Z-parameters for one unit cell-thick sample under plane wave excitation. The unit cell size is only εo/21.80 × εo/21.80 at resonance. The proposed electrically small structure presents therefore a more homogeneous negative-epsilon material for "Left-handed Metamaterial" applications than the standard CSRR based solutions.


One of the main reasons why developers investigate code history is to search for the rationale for code commits. Existing work found that developers report that rationale is one of the most important aspects to understand code changes and that it can be quite difficult to find. While this finding strongly points out the fact that understanding the rationale for code commits is a serious problem for software engineers, no current research efforts have pursued understanding in detail what specifically developers are searching for when they search for rationale. In other words, while the rationale for code commits is informally defined as, "Why was this code implemented this way?" this question could refer to aspects of the code as disparate as, "Why was it necessary to implement this code?"; "Why is this the way in which it was implemented?"; or "Why was the code implemented in that moment?" Our goal with this study is to improve our understanding of what software developers mean when they talk about the rationale for code commits, i . e ., how they "unfold" rationale. We additionally study which components of rationale developers find important, which ones they normally need to find, which ones they consider specifically difficult to find, and which ones they normally record in their own code commits. This new, detailed understanding of the components of the rationale for code commits may serve as inspiration for novel techniques to support developers in seeking and accurately recording rationale. Abstract Modern software systems evolution is based on the contribution of a large number of developers. In version control systems, developers introduce packaged changes called code commits for various reasons. In this process of modifying the code, the software developers make some decisions. These decisions need to be understood by other software developers. The question "why the code is this way?" is used by software developers to ask for the rationale behind code changes. The question could refer to aspects of the code as disparate as, "Why was it necessary to implement this code?"; "Why is this the way in which it was implemented?"; or "Why was the code implemented at that moment?" Our goal with this study is to improve our understanding of what software developers mean when they talk about the rationale for code commits, i . e ., how they "unfold" rationale. We additionally study which components of rationale developers nd important, which ones they normally need to nd, which ones they consider specically dicult to nd, and which ones they normally record in their own code commits. This new, detailed understanding of the components of the rationale for code commits will allow researchers and tools builders to understand what the developers mean when they mention rationale. Therefore, assisting the development of tools and techniques to support the developers when seeking and recording rationale.


Abstract In this paper, the multi-input multi-output robust servomechanism problem for sinusoidal reference and/or disturbance signals having possibly unknown magnitude and/or phase components is examined. For the situation where such sinusoidal harmonic components are calibrated, for instance, via a priori tuning methods, simple initialization results are presented to reduce undesirable transient responses, and can be applied advantageously in a continuous-or discrete-time setting. Using this framework, additional optimization techniques then are developed and presented to minimize potentially undesirable tuning transients. Simulations are given using these new control design results when applied to a conventional hard disk drive system, where multiple harmonic disturbances may arise due to, for example, disk eccentricity or clamping effects. A comparison with another commonly-used harmonic cancellation method demonstrates and emphasizes the practical advantages and benefits that can be attained when using the proposed solution approach.


Previous experimental research has shown that microstructural features such as interfaces, inclusions, vacancies and heterogeneities can all act as void nucleation sites. However, it is not well understood how important these interfaces are to the damage evolution as a function of the surrounding parent materials. In this work, we present results on three different materials: 1) Cu, 2) Cu-10 wt%Ag, and 3) Cu-15 wt%Nb examined to probe the influence of bi-metal interfaces on void nucleation and evolution. These materials were chosen due to the differences in the stacking fault energy between the two phases. The initial results suggest that when there are significant differences between the bulk properties (for example: stacking fault energy and melting temperature etc) the type of interface between the two parent materials does not influence the damage process. Rather, it is the "weaker" material that dictates the dynamic spall strength of the material.


The paper presents the problems of design and upgrading of ITS systems, supporting the transport processes associated with the end user. It was noted that the lack of adequate participation or end-user requirements into system design can lead to two groups of problems related to the functionality of ITS systems. First group of problems is incomplete and inconsistent functionality of various systems, resulting from the rejection by the designers of end users practical knowledge and life experience. The second group of problems is not use of full features of the systems by end users such as due to lack of training, lack of comprehensive instruction manual and the lack of sufficient knowledge of users. As examples presents results of surveys conducted in 2010 and 2012 among end users of rail systems such as: ISZTP on-line train route ordering system, SEPE operational registry system, SWDR train dispatcher support system and SERWO electronic record of current warnings issued.


A non-proprietary simulation template program named POST (Plant Operations Simulation Template) was developed for use with the Lotus 1-2-3* spreadsheet. The template provides for mathematical simulation of central heating/cooling plant equipment including boilers, cooling towers, and centrifugal chillers. It provides methods for configuring a simulation of a specific physical plant, defining operating conditions and time-dependent boundary conditions, running simulations, and graphing simulation results. POST is a flexible and highly portable analytical tool for plant equipment operators and engineers concerned with efficient operation of physical-plant systems. The Users Guide provides an overview of POST, and its companion template program SETUP, which is used to define the characteristics of component models. Information is presented on the menu commands used in POST, and three examples are provided. The examples show how the template program may be used to simulate the performance of a three-boilers heating plant and a central cooling plant consisting of two chillers and a cooling tower. Listings of the actual keystrokes for setting up and running both simulations are included.


This paper attempts to analyse the risk involved in the components of an industrial system. Risk is a factor that affects the system performance, operations, cycle time, availability and also the reputation and demand of the product. The study has employed various methods to identify the potential failure causes in the system such as root cause analysis (RCA), risk priority number (RPN) and failure mode effect analysis (FMEA). These methods establish obscure failures which provides a scope for further work. Hence, fuzzy decision making tool technique is applied to interpret the risky component that calls for thorough attention of the sub systems in a process plant


This study focuses on the university dormitory which went through the green remodeling. The study has its purpose on deriving the aspects to be concerned for later green remodeling and enhancing the effects of green remodeling, by analyzing the changes of physical environment, changes of energy consumption rate, and needs of the residents. For the results, the study went through the review of project data from government office for green remodeling, field investigation of remodeling elements, and the occupancy evaluation by Focus Group Interview which means interviewing small group of the residents who lived in the subjected dormitories both before and after the remodeling. As results, the aspects of green remodeling in targeted dormitories were inner wall insulation, top-floor ceiling insulation, replacement of windows, installment of automatic entrance door and making vestibule connected the entrance door. As the parts of equipment system, EHP high-efficiency cooler, highly efficient radiator, upgraded LED lightings with covers, and automatic control system(only one building) were installed. Energy consumption was declined, and the satisfaction of residents was increased after the green remodeling. However, the aspects which were not improved or unsatisfying also has been detected. Therefore, the study states the suggestions each for the administrators, designers and planners, and residents to concern for enhancing the effects of green remodeling or construction of new dormitories.


Vibration-based structural identification has become an important tool for structural health monitoring and safety evaluation. However, various kinds of uncertainties (e.g., observation noise) involved in the field test data obstruct automation system identification for accurate and fast structural safety evaluation. A practical way including a data preprocessing procedure and a vector backward auto-regressive (VBAR) method has been investigated for practical bridge identification. The data preprocessing procedure serves to improve the data quality, which consists of multi-level uncertainty mitigation techniques. The VBAR method provides a determinative way to automatically distinguish structural modes from extraneous modes arising from uncertainty. Ambient test data of a cantilever beam is investigated to demonstrate how the proposed method automatically interprets vibration data for structural modal estimation. Especially, structural identification of a truss bridge using field test data is also performed to study the effectiveness of the proposed method for real bridge identification.


interpretation of sign language gesture can be useful in accomplishing natural human robot interaction. This paper describes a sign language gesture based recognition, interpreting and imitation learning system using Indian Sign Language for performing Human Robot Interaction in real time. It permits us to construct a convenient sign language gesture based communication with humanoid robot. The classification, recognition, learning, interpretation process is carried out by extracting the features from Indian sign language (ISL) gestures. Chain code and fisher score is considered as a feature vector for classification and recognition process. It is to be done by the two statistical approaches namely known as Hidden Markov Model (HMM) technique and feed forward back propagation neural network (FNN) in order to achieve satisfactory recognition accuracy. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were found to be equal 98.60%, 97.64% and 97.52% respectively. It can be concluded that FNN gives fast and accurate recognition and it works as promising tool for recognition and interpretation of sign language gesture for human computer interaction. The overall accuracy of recognition and interpretation of the proposed system is 95.34%. Thus, this approach is suitable for automated real time human computer interaction tool.


This book offers a new material history of the Jesus tradition. It shows that the introduction of manuscripts to the transmission of the Jesus tradition played an underappreciated but crucial role in the reception history of the tradition that eventuated. It focuses particularly on the competitive textualization of the Jesus tradition, whereby Gospel authors drew attention to the written nature of their tradition, sometimes in attempts to assert superiority to predecessors, and the public reading of the Jesus tradition. Both these processes reveal efforts on the part of early followers of Jesus to place the gospel-as-manuscript on display, whether in the literary tradition or in the assembly. Building upon interdisciplinary work on ancient book cultures, this book traces an early history of the gospel as artifact from the textualization of Mark in the first century until the eventual usage of liturgical reading as a marker of authoritative status in the second and third centuries and beyond. Overall, it reveals a vibrant period of the development of the Jesus tradition, wherein the material status of the tradition frequently played as important a role as the ideas about Jesus that it contained.


While taking in Western Philosophy to remold Chinese Philosophy and build his own philosophy system, Feng Youlan sensed the logicality and Loeos tradition in Western Philosophy but neglected its individual initiative and Nous spirit. Thus, in the system of Six Books of Zhen and Yuan, there was no reasonable transition between New Rational Philosophy and theory of sphere, common world and the Tiandi Jingjie, and Feng' s remolded New Rational Philosophy lacks Chinese original harmony, coherence and experience. In order to solve this problem, Mr. Feng took both positive and negative ways. He valued much and took in Western rationalism and also admired and called for Chinese mysticism.


IntroductionSouth Asia is one of the poorest, the most illiterate, and the most malnourished regions of the world. South Asian region's GNI per capita income in 2005 was lower (US$ 594) than that (US$601) of Sub-Saharan Africa (Mahbub-ul-Haq Human Development Report 2006; UNDP 1997). In South Asia, 36 per cent of people do not have access to safe drinking water and 53 per cent of the children are malnourished (Hussain 2000).Pakistan and Bangladesh score low on socio-economic indicators in the South Asian region. Pakistan with its 180.8 million population had GNI per capita income US $980 compared to Bangladesh with 162.2 million population and GNI per capita income of US $520in the year 2009 (UN 2009; World Bank 2008). According to World Bank (2008) both the countries were experiencing rapid population growth (i.e., Bangladesh at a rate of 1.91and Pakistan 1.82 percent respectively) with an addition of 4 million people annually leading to a constant depletion in resources (Patel 2010: ix). Both the countries shared almost similar ranking on Human Development Index (141and146 for Pakistan and Bangladesh respectively) and literacy rate (54.2 per cent in Pakistan and 53.5 per cent in Bangladesh) [United Nation Development Programme 2009]. It clearly indicates that nearly half of the population in both the countries is illiterate. Almost equal proportions in both the countries (50 and 60 percent of population in Pakistan and Bangladesh respectively) are employed in agriculture sector of economy (The World Bank Poverty Report 2003). It indicates that a substantial proportion of population in both the countries is engaged in primary sector of production. Agricultural economy in both the countries revolves round feudalism, which in turn could have ramifications for social, political and economic structures. Against this backdrop, the present paper is an endeavour to review and analyse sociopolitical and economic structures that posit serious challenges for poverty alleviation in both Pakistan and Bangladesh.Political and Socioeconomic Situation in Pakistan and Bangladesh: Historical Heritage and Contemporary TrendsUnited Pakistan Era 1947 -1971Amongst many other causes of poverty, historically, several interruptions occurred in the development of a strong political (democratic), social and economic structures or institutions in Pakistan. On 14 August 1947, British rule came to an end with the geographical partitioning of British India into two countries - India and Pakistan. Pakistan consisted of two wings - called the West (current Pakistan) and the East (the Bengal delta or current Bangladesh) Pakistan.After the partition, India kept on spending more on its defence budget and stands out in terms of its increased spending on its military might in the region. For example, Hussain(2000: 11) documented that India is ranked at 142 in terms of per capita income, while it ranks first in the world in terms of arms imports. Pakistan is ranked at 119 in terms of per capita income and tenth in the world in terms of arms imports. In the world, military spending decreased by 37 per cent during the period of 1987-94 but in South Asia it increased by 12 per cent.Given the significant spending on military might from Indian side, Pakistan remained compelled to spend more on its defence budget compared to that of education and health.Poverty in Pakistan could partly be attributed to defence budget allocated to maintain minimum deterrence in the region. However, the major causes of poverty in Pakistan are lack of access to credit, training in income generation activities, and basic social services (health and education) in rural and urban areas (World Bank Poverty Report-Pakistan 2003).Apart from significant spending on defence budget and low investment in human capital;Pakistan experienced political and economic instability, leadership crises and poor governance issues in the country due to an immature democratic process. …


The reproductive potential of Microplitis rufiventris Kok. females resulted from Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) larvae topically treated by a constant dose (70 pg/5 pl) of the growth regulator precocene II at different intervals of post-parasitism was studied in the laboratory. The obtained results showed that the effects of PH vary according to the timing of treatment relative to larval development of the parasitoid. Reduction in reproductive capacity of the parasitoid occurred when PII was applied on host larvae containing young parasitoid larvae. Workers should be aware from the delayed effects of precocenes which may occur in later stages of the non-target insects.


Master of Electrical Engineering Program Cornell University Design Project Report Project Title: FPGA-based Real-time GPS Receiver Author: Adam M. Shapiro Abstract: A survey of the available open-source resources in the field of satellite navigation systems reveals that there is a shortage of robust, easily reconfigurable code. Most existing designs are either intended only for a specific use and therefore too difficult to modify for generalpurpose release, or commercially sold and not openly available. With this situation in mind, we are currently working with in collaboration with the Cornell GNSS Research Group to develop and build a mobile FPGA-based GPS receiver. Our intent is to create a general purpose receiver which is easily modifiable, highly modular, and completely open-source. The design consists of two major components, implemented on separate Altera Cyclone II FPGAs in Verilog. The primary component is a hardware GPS receiver, capable of receiving, tracking, and processing multiple satellite transmissions of the L1 civilian GPS signal in real time. The secondary component is a combined navigation controller and graphics processing unit designed to calculate a navigation solution in real-time and provide a human-readable graphical interface. Once completed, this freely available general purpose receiver should prove useful to the Cornell GNSS Research Group as well as the satellite navigation research community as a whole. Report Approved by Project Advisor: Date:


The feature of dynamic cutting force and vibration signal are obtained during thecutting process,and then the wearing state are examined by statistical pattern recog-nition method.By time series analysis,we build models depicting the cutting tool states,coacer-vate information from dynamic date and construct feature vectors for discrimination.Three algorithms based on the nearest neighbour rule are used to design a classifier.They are editing technique boundary extracting and boundary patching。By using acondensed sample set processed with such algorithms,its recognition rate is near tothe result of 1-NNR with large sample set,but the speed has been increased about 6times.It seems that the method could be used to monitor on line the state of cuttingtool wearing.


This report focuses on the opportunities for US cooperatives to improve their position in the oilseeds complex as they face increasing vertical integration and restructuring by large, competing noncooperative firms. Cooperatives operated 38 oilseed processing plants, 19 of them soybean plants, 17 cottonseed plants, 1 peanut plant, and 1 sunflower/flaxseed plant. Total cooperative soybean crushing capacity was 280 million bushels in 1979-1980, representing a 20.7% share of US crushing capacity and an 8.2% share of world crushing capacity. Cooperative soybean crushing capacity increased by 75% during the 1970's. The four largest soybean processing firms in terms of crushing capacity operated 54.5% of total US capacity. The top eight firms operated 75.1%, and the top 20 firms operated 96.4%. Eight of the top 20 soybean processing firms are cooperatives. Cooperatives operated 17 of the 78 cottonseed mills active in 1979. These mills had a total capacity of 6690 tons per day for a 35% share of total US cottonseed crushing capacity. 28 references, 11 figures, 44 tables.


Are airway vessels really important in asthma? This question has become more relevant since the finding of increased vessel numbers and vascularity in the submucosa of patients with relatively mild asthma.1 It has been confirmed again by Salvato in this issue of Thorax .2 The description of asthmatic bronchial vessels has been extended beyond traditional views of vessel function. As well as supplying nutrients to the vessel wall, temperature regulation, and facilitating humidification of the airway environment, vessels have several other important functions in the asthmatic response that may contribute to airflow obstruction. The study by Salvato2 comments on each of these components.

Firstly, angiogenesis has been described in airway sections, identifying more vessels in asthma when anti-collagen IV antibodies were used to detect vascular basement membrane.1 3 4Interestingly, collagen IV has been shown to be essential for the development of new endothelial cell tubes.5 Studies using …


The reaction of western Canadian spring wheat and triticale to a composite of races of common bunt (Tilletia caries and T. foetida) was assessed in field studies conducted over 2 yr at three locations. Triticale and durum wheat were designated immune or highly resistant. Among cultivars of hard red spring wheat, Columbus was the most resistant followed by Katepwa, Leader, and Lancer. Neepawa, Park, and Marquis were intermediate in resistance. Roblin and Laura were susceptible. The Canadian Prairie Spring wheats HY320 and HY360 were highly susceptible and susceptible, respectively, whereas Oslo was intermediate in resistance. The utility wheats Wildcat and Glenlea were highly susceptible and intermediate, respectively. The soft white wheats Owens and Fielder were susceptible. The reaction of the cultivars to individual bunt races was evaluated under controlled environment conditions to identify specific Bt resistance genes. This revealed the presence of Bt1 in the cultivar Canuck and Bt10 in the line BW-55...


Global precipitation measurement (GPM) is one of the effective means employed to observe orographic precipitation, and its inversed GPM DPR data can be used to study the microphysical structure of precipitation particles. This study considers statistics on convective precipitation (CP) and stratiform precipitation (SP) events over three types of terrain (plains, mountains, and high mountains) using the DPR onboard the GPM Core Observatory from May to September of 2014–2021 to analyze the vertical structure of heavy CP and SP. In mountain areas and high mountain areas, the updraft rendered by topography or seeder-feeder mechanism is not only conducive to the collision and merger of raindrops into large raindrops, but also increases the concentration of small drops, which is the main reason why the occurrence probability of not only large but also small raindrops increases and the horizontal distribution domain of mass weighted average raindrop diameter (Dm) widens. For heavy SP, the occurrence probability of medium-diameter precipitation particles below the freezing height (FzH) over high mountains is greater than those over plains. The precipitation particles above 10 km altitude of high mountains have characteristics, such as lower droplet number concentration and larger diameter, compared with those over plains. Furthermore, the study also analyzed the correlation between storm top altitude (STA) and Dm, water vapor and STA respectively. This study is helpful to further understand the effect of topography on heavy precipitation through cloud microphysical processes and the vertical structure of precipitation.


Agricultural irrigation leachate is often the largest source for aquifer recharge in semi-arid groundwater basins, but contamination from fertilizers and other agro-chemicals may degrade the quality of groundwater. Affected communities are frequently economically disadvantaged, and water supply alternatives may be too costly. This study aimed to demonstrate that, when addressing these issues, environmental sustainability and market profitability are not incompatible. We investigated the viability of two low impact crops, alfalfa and vineyards, and new recharge basins as an alternative land use in recharge buffer zones around affected communities using an integrated hydrologic, socio-geographic, and economic analysis. In the southern Central Valley, California, study area, alfalfa and vineyards currently constitute 30% of all buffer zone cropland. Economic analyses of alternative land use scenarios indicate a wide range of revenue outcomes. Sector output gains and potential cost saving through land use conversion and resulting flood control result in gains of at least $2.3 billion, as compared to costs of $0.3 to $0.7 billion for treatment options over a 20 year period. Buffer zones would maintain the economic integrity of the region and concur with prevailing policy options. Thus, managed agricultural recharge buffer zones are a potentially attractive option for communities facing financial constraint and needing to diversify their portfolio of policy and infrastructure approaches to meet drinking water quality objectives.


In this paper, we study the cones of higher codimension (pseudo)effective cycles on point blow-ups of projective space. We determine bounds on the number of points for which these cones are generated by the classes of linear cycles, and for which these cones are finitely generated. Surprisingly, we discover that for (very) general points, the higher codimension cones behave better than the cones of divisors. For example, for the blow-up $X_r^n$ of $\mathbb P^n$, $n>4$, at $r$ very general points, the cone of divisors is not finitely generated as soon as $r> n+3$, whereas the cone of curves is generated by the classes of lines if $r \leq 2^n$. In fact, if $X_r^n$ is a Mori Dream Space then all the effective cones of cycles on $X_r^n$ are finitely generated.


B cell‐activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF) and its receptor BAFF‐R play critical roles in the maturation and survival of conventional peripheral B cells. However, they appeared to be dispensable for the generation and maintenance of CD5+ B‐1 cells as BAFF–/– and BAFF‐R–/– mice have normal B‐1 cell populations. Hence, it is presently unclear if B‐1 cells are responsive to BAFF and if BAFF regulates some aspects of B‐1 cell function. We show here that BAFF‐R and transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI) are the major receptors expressed by B‐1 cells. Specifically, we show that BAFF treatment of B‐1 cells leads to increased NF‐κB p100 processing and CD21/CD35 expression. Interestingly, toll‐like receptor (TLR) engagement of B‐1 cells augmented the surface expression of BAFF receptors and rendered them responsive to BAFF costimulation, as evidenced by their increased proliferation, expression of cell surface activation markers and secretion of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐6 and the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10. This costimulatory effect is achieved primarily through BAFF‐R as BAFF failed to costimulate B‐1 cells obtained from A/WySnJ mice which have defective BAFF‐R signaling. Thus, as TLR are innate immune receptors and B‐1 cells are "innate‐like" lymphocytes, our data provide evidence that BAFF plays a role in innate immunity.


The results of the analysis of the lessons learned from the conduct of hostilities by artillery units in the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine show that the issues of increasing the effectiveness of their conduct of hostilities and ensuring their viability are now relevant. On the basis of an analysis of the methods of ensuring the survivability of artillery units, it was determined that the main of them during the fighting were constant maneuvering when designating waiting areas (charging). It is also known that the conduct of combat operations by artillery units in the offensive constitutes the continuous fire support of the units.
Thus, in the theory and practice of combat actions by artillery units, there have being a contradiction in the offensive between the need to increase the time spent in firing positions depending on the level of firepower required to provide continuous fire support to active units on the one hand, and the requirement to reduce that time necessary maneuver to ensure the survivability of the artillery units on the other hand.
The purpose of the article is to develop a model of combat actions of artillery units during fire support in offensive actions, taking into account their constant maneuvering to ensure survivability and stay in the charging (waiting) area.
The article describes the model of combat operations by artillery units supported by fire in offensive actions. The model is stochastic and analytical and describes the probability of artillery combat offensive actions with fire support during offensive actions using the theory of random processes with a finite set of successive permanent changes in their functional states due to the influence of environmental factors and control factors under the conditions of possible hostile fire, provided such elements are available on the order of as waiting (charging) areas. The proposed combat actions model can be used to find cause-effect relationships between the components of such processes and to substantiate recommendations for ensuring the survivability of artillery units with fire support in offensive actions


The invention relates to a device for detecting a shift position of the shift lever position of a particular control of an automatic or semi-automatic vehicle transmission. In a sensor housing (12) a sensor package (72) is accommodated to which a magnetic slide (14) is relatively movable. An air gap (70) between the sensor package (72) and the facing side of the magnetic slide (14) is minimized by recessed in the sensor housing (12) inserts (56).


The preparation of isomeric metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in which the network topology is controlled by the different covalent connectivities of the organic ligand is an important step forward in the design of new functional materials. In this context, macrocyclic organic ligands able to accommodate suitable guests in their own polar internal cavities are appealing candidates to act as multidentate linkers, which could potentially self-assemble into hierarchical porous structures. Taking this into account, here we report the first successful attempt to incorporate a tetraaryl-extended calix[4]pyrrole derivative into a transition metal–organic framework (calixMOF1) by simply incorporating four terminal carboxylic functional groups at the upper rim of the macrocyclic scaffold. Remarkably, the structures of the metal organic framework and its transition-metal carboxylate clusters (secondary building units, SBU) are governed by the position of the carboxylic substituent in the functionalized meso-aryl unit...


A continuous time Markov chain is observed with Gaussian white noise added to it. To the well-known problem of continuously estimating the current state of the chain, we introduce the additional option of continuously varying the sampling rates, as long as some restriction (or cost) on the average sampling rate is satisfied. The optimal solution to this "dynamic sampling" problem is presented and analyzed in closed form for the two-state symmetric case. It is shown that the resulting dynamic sampling procedure has a much lower asymptotic average error rate compared to the one obtained when sampling at a constant rate. Alternatively, the dynamic sampling procedure can provide the same error rate using a much lower average sampling rate. The relative efficiency of the dynamic sampling procedure may in fact tend to infinity in some extreme cases.


Indonesia, being one of the world's biggest producer of palm oil, has the potential to utilize palm oil as a replacement for fossil fuel. However, palm oil possesses a high level of viscosity. A heater system is needed to reduce the viscosity of palm oil as well as switching of fuel channel between diesel oil and mixed oil (palm oil and diesel oil). The purpose of this study is to design an automatic heating system for use on a small-scale diesel power plant. The automatic heating and switching system consist of a heater element, microcontroller, temperature sensor, relay and solenoid valve. This system read the temperature of mixed oil. If the temperature of mixed oil is below the temperature limit that is specified on the microcontroller then the heater will turn on and the solenoid valve will allow the diesel to flow to the engine. On the other hand, if the temperature of mixed oil is above the temperature limit that is specified on the microcontroller then the heater will turn on and the solenoid valve will allow the mixed oil to flow to the engine. The result of this study is this system can maintain a stable mixed oil temperature in the range specified on the program executed by the microcontroller with a low deviation value. The performance analysis of this study hopefully can be a reference for future studies on the usage of automatic mixed oil heater for small-scale diesel power plant.


Let $\mathcal{H}$ be a set of graphs. The planar Tur\'an number, $ex_\mathcal{P}(n,\mathcal{H})$, is the maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex planar graph which does not contain any member of $\mathcal{H}$ as a subgraph. When $\mathcal{H}=\{H\}$ has only one element, we usually write $ex_\mathcal{P}(n,H)$ instead. The topic of extremal planar graphs was initiated by Dowden (2016). He obtained sharp upper bound for both $ex_\mathcal{P}(n,C_5)$ and $ex_\mathcal{P}(n,K_4)$. Later on, we obtained sharper bound for $ex_\mathcal{P}(n,\{K_4,C_7\})$. In this paper, we give upper bounds of $ex_\mathcal{P}(n,\{K_4,C_5\})\leq {15\over 7}(n-2)$ and $ex_\mathcal{P}(n,\{K_4,C_6\})\leq {7\over 3}(n-2)$. We also give constructions which show the bounds are tight for infinitely many graphs.


NiTi intermetallic with nanocrystalline structure was produced by mechanical alloying of the elemental powders and the effect of subsequent heat treatment was investigated. The products were characterized using X-ray diffraction and microhardness measurements. The results showed that after 60 h of mechanical alloying, disordered B2-NiTi phase can be obtained as a metastable phase at room temperature with grain size of 25 nm, lattice strain and high microhardness of 1.2% and 922 HV, respectively. After heat treatment, disordered structure transformed to ordered NiTi and a small amount of NiTi2 and Ni3Ti phases. The long range order parameters of nanocrystalline NiTi were obtained to be 0.63 and 0.94 after annealing for 30 and 60 mins respectively. After 30 mins of heat treatment, 81.5% of Ni (or Ti) atoms were on the right sites and after 60 mins it increased to 97%. Grain growth and decrease of microhardness and lattice strain were also observed after heat treatment. After 60 mins of heat treatment the grain size, lattice strain and microhardness of NiTi were 95, 0.09 and 624 HV respectively.


John Sears 2 [Detail photo] - House of Mr. John Sears, East Dennis. [Built] 1853. This house is owned by the McQueens and is on Pleasant Street. JWH


Aesthetics procedures have increased in popularity over the last few years and have grown to be increasingly affordable to the general population. This literature review aims to explore the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of IncobotulintoxinA in the long-term treating facial lines in response to concerns regarding the effects of repeated treatments with the most currently used formulations in the market. Using the PubMed and CINAHL databases, a review of two prospective studies has been conducted. Results show that IncobotulintoxinA has less concentration of proteins in its formula, leading to less risk of developing neutralizing antibodies down the line with repeated injections. Methodological limitations of the two studies are also discussed.


A Project Paper Presented As A Part Fulfillment For Award Of
B.A. Land Economics In The Department Of Land Development,
University Of Nairobi


Mass Media can  be used to spread ideology in a wide and effective range. In fact, cartoon film can also be a tool to disseminate feminist value through women's representation when carrying out their gender roles. Feminism is a movement and ideology that stands up to rights and equality between a man and woman in politics, economics, culture, or even in public and domestic sphere. Public sphere and domestic sphere are examples from gender role by modern women who have feminist values According to the focus of this research, which is the character of Lucy in Despicable Me 3, her character is reflecting a gender role in public and domestic sphere. This research uses descriptive method with semiotic analysis by Pierce. Semiotics used is semiotics Peirce by looking at representamen consisting of icons, indexes, and symbols in each scene that presents the value of liberal feminism on the Lucy's character. The study concludes that there are three gender roles performed by Lucy's character as a career woman, wife, and also a mother. In running every gender role she has the value of liberal feminism.