Geomorphological and geological studies of the seafloor benefit today from both ROV exploration and from acquisition of high resolution bathymetric data. Although both represent significant improvements to study submarine domains, the understanding of the studied objects is made more difficult than on land given the limited visual perception provided by the ROV camera due to the attenuation of light in the water and the need to use artificial illumination. Likewise, mapping can be performed using GIS software for digital elevation models and its derivatives (e.g. slope or shade raster), mostly in a 2D map view only. So, the submarine studies lack the field survey stage performed in classical onshore works that allows clear visualization and appreciation of the studied objects.Our aim is to develop a solution allowing the visualization of Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and 3D models derived from Structure-from-Motion (SfM) within a virtual reality environment, and to use these data for geomorphological and geological analysis. For this, we use an Oculus Rift headset, Touch controllers, and the Unity game engine, with GIS-like interaction capabilities.The free and open Unity package that we are developing allows, at this stage, data visualization and working at a 1:1 scale in a georeferenced system. The user can therefore move freely within a 3D immersive environment that includes custom topographic data. For quantitative observations, we develop tools (ruler, compass) allowing measurements similar to those performed during geomorphological or geological field work. We also add the possibility to map objects. Digitizing in 3D is achieved with a laser pointed towards the data, providing great precision. The user can thus create pseudo shapefiles using the same three graphic primitives, and that are compatible with standard GIS software. Beside these functionalities, we also implement a spatial user interface displaying help and information and a teleportation tool preventing motion sickness.The users that have tested this solution are enthusiastic and agree that it helps to better appreciate and understand the shape and geometry of the studied objects. It was also used to present and explain 3D models of outcrops to master students. Further developments will port the solution for other headsets, facilitate the data import (e.g., standard file formats for 3D objects and DEMs), create and manage of multiple layers of shapefiles, and include multiplayer online gaming capabilities to allow remote co-working with colleague(s) at other distant locations, or a whole classroom.


Few investigations have been made intomodeling snowmeltin data-poor basins; hence, a degree-day method iswidely used and is routinely justified under the auspices that energy-balance models require too many input data. To test this claim, we investigated the utility of merely adopting a full energy approach to model snowmelt. This study first developed so-called "full energy balance snow model" to simulate snowmelt at four sites located in Japan and the USA. The results showed very good agreement between observed and predicted snow water equivalent, R2>0.95. We duplicated the simulations using the approximated version of the model that requires only air temperature and wind speed as input data. Although the original model corresponds better, the performance of its simplified version can be evaluated as good, R2>0.9. These results provide significant information for the development of appropriate approximations in energy balance snowmelt modeling.


Abstract This paper presents a medium and long-term operational planning optimization of a microgrid comprising renewable energy-based active generators. The problem of unit commitment is solved by the approach of dynamic programming with the objective of minimizing the fuel consumed by conventional generators. The studied microgrid comprises PV-based active generators with embedded storage and three micro gas turbines. Based on forecasts of the energy available from the PV generators, the storage availability and the power demanded to supply the loads in autonomous mode, the presented algorithm elaborates the 24 hour-ahead operational planning. In function of deviations from the forecasted values and taking into account actual forecasts, the presented medium term energy management adjusts the operational planning.


copper deposit situated in the southern part of Yidun island arc, southeast Tibet (Li et al., 2010; Deng et al., 2013; Yang et al., 2011). Distinctly different from the typical skarn deposits, its skarn and hornfels usually arranged alternately, consisting with the attitude of stratum. Skarn is not in direct contact with the intrusive rocks but direct contact with the marble (Meng et al., 2013). There are coarse garnet and wollastonite visible in the marble, while, there also have marble xenoliths in the skarn. Therefore, the deposit is the product of concealed intrusive rocks, belonging to the far skarn type (Li et al., 2010). Garnet is the most important skarn mineral in the Hongniu deposit, and it is therefore significant to study characteristics of garnet due to its wide distribution, various colors and strong mineralization. Through systematic field work and the made-up of drills holes, we collects some fresh garnet skarn and a small amount of skarnized marble to make thin sections, carrying out detailed microscopic identification, to induce the characteristics of garnet and analyze its chemical composition by electron probe. Garnet has two obvious stage. Early garnets (GrtI) are widely distributed, brown-red to brown, hypidiomorphicidiomorphic medium grained texture, with anomalous optical characteristics on the cross-polarized light, and their particle size is generally between 0.2-4mm, developing zonation patterns (Fig.1). Changes in the content scope of the SiO2 is 35.85%-37.58%, CaO is 33.34%-34.94%, Al2O3 is 3.64%-13.69%, FeO is 11.90%24.18%, MgO is 0.00%-0.08%, and there is a negative correlation between the content of FeO and Al2O3, while an overall positive correlation between the content of SiO2 and CaO. The end members of garnet are mainly andradite (32.96-82.36), followed by grossular (16.59-64.84), and there are a small number of pyrope, belonging to andradite-grossular series (And33-82Gro1765Spe+Pyr+Alm0.48-3.53). The garnets of later stage (GrtII) are brownish to light red (Fig.1), usually veinlike distributed in skarnized hornfels and marble, also can be seen in some kinds of skarn. Changes in the content scope of the SiO2 is 35.06%-36.27%, CaO is 33.07%-33.97%, Al2O3 is 0.04%-1.05%, FeO is 27.38%-28.18%, MgO is 0.00%-0.04%, the composition of end members belong to andradite. Changes in contents of major elements in zoned garnet shows a certain regularity, from the core to the rim, the content of FeO increased, the content of Al2O3 decreased, the content of andradite increased, the content of grossular decreased, reflecting the diagenetic environment was acidic and reduced with low oxygen fugacity when the garnet began to form (Jamtveit et al., 1993). During the process of the crystal formation, the oxygen fugacity increased, and the ore-forming solution shifted from acidic GAO Xue, YANG Liqiang, DENG Jun, MENG Jianyin, YANG Chunhai and LI Jianxin, 2014. The Characteristics of Garnet in the Hongniu Skarn Copper Deposit, Western Yunnan, China. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 88(supp. 2): 515-516.


Detecting anomalies that degrade the user experience in wireless networks is still a process that usually can take too much time or require additional infrastructure. This Dissertation focuses on detecting these problems by using machine learning techniques to create a working prototype, capable of detecting said anomalies as they occur, using exclusively already usually available or easily extracted variables in infrastructure monitoring. For this purpose, anomalies were created, in order to create sets of observation variables corresponding to atypical and potentially anomalous conditions of the network. This data was later pre-processed and used to train a machine learning model, which had its results measured in the form of various performance metrics. A simulation of network usage was made to obtain a ground-truth scenario of the network in a normal state. Data reduction was achieved by using several techniques, and extensive testing was made to attain the best performing conditions. It was also taken into account a possible change in the data over long periods of time, and two ways to cope with it are proposed.


Major pigment patterns of 18 chlorophyceae, 7 charales, 4 euglenophyta, and 2 dinophyta isolated from freshwater ecosystems, were investigated by means of HPLC. In this study, quantitative results are presented, too, which are capable for phytoplankton quantification techniques based on pigment patterns. Chlorophyceae revealed a pattern similar to that of higher plants, but in some strains, loroxanthin as well as α-carotene were present. In charophytes, except for vegetative specimens of Chara tomentosa, γ-carotene was detected in antheridia only. Among investigated freshwater euglenophytes diadinoxanthin was the major carotenoid, with neoxanthin and s-carotene present in minor amounts. Besides chlorophylls-a and -c, dinophytes contained high quantities of peridinin, whereas fucoxanthin was absent. An unknown component eluting just before violaxanthin showed a spectrum reminding of peridinin.


When most people think of Cardinals, an image of a crested finch-like bird comes to mind. The most commonly encountered species in American aviculture is the Red-crested Cardinal Paroaria coronata [formerly Paroaria cucu!lata] which has a crest, and is also called the Brazilian Cardinal. Cardinals are birds that I have had great interest in, and I have worked with Red-crested Cardinals for some years now.  As an Australian immigrant I have always had an elevated image of Red-crested Cardinals, since they are highly prized and sought after in Australia. I can remember how strange it was on my visit to Hawaii watching these birds venture into park trash cans looking for food. They were scavenging whilst House Sparrows were dining on the floor at a nearby open-air restaurant. I think it may have been that vacation that "jumped started" my interest in cardinals. Shortly after that experience I settled in America, and purchased my first pair of cardinals from a pet shop in Los Angeles in the early 1990s. Having great success with this pair, and their offspring, l was eager to find another species of cardinal to work with someday. Back in 1999, we went to a Bird Mart, and to my surprise found some Red-capped Cardinals for sale. The vendor had one pair left and a cage with approximately one dozen extra males. I knew who the original importer of these cardinals was and could have purchased them directly from him for less money, but my first and last dealing with him was less than favorable. I decided that it was best to buy birds that could be viewed and hand picked rather than risk being shipped males instead of pairs, which had happened with some other species that I had previously ordered. The vendor informed us that the importer had them surgically sexed. The vendor has a good reputation and guaranteed they were a pair. Experience with Reel-crested Cardinals gave us some knowledge on the subtle differences to look for and to what a pair should behave like. After spending some time observing the pair at the Bird Mart we decided to purchase them along with a spare male. Individual birds of any species have their own behavioral traits, and without having a large quantity of unrelated birds to study, any conclusions that are made about a species can only be based on personal experience. Environmental factors such as housing, etc., can have a big impact on the bird's behavior. Having kept Red-crested Cardinals for a number of years it is difficult to avoid comparing the two species, and since most people are familiar with Red-crested Cardinals, behavior differences may be of some interest. Some males are more aggressive than others. This may be true with Red-capped Cardinals, but it appears that they are more docile towards their mates. They are also less confiding and less curious about things you bring into the aviary. Red-crested's will come down right away to see what you have left them, Red-capped's will wait until you are a safe distance from the aviary before investigating. Not being very musically inclined I can only say that Redcapped Cardinals produce a softer and more melodious song than the strong vocalizations of the Red-crested Cardinals during breeding season. The Red-crested song can be heard from some distance, while one has to be fairly close to hear the song of the Red-capped. It does not carry as far and they do not have the short monotonous call Red-crested Cardinals use during the breeding season. Like most of their close relatives in the Genus Paroaria, Red-capped Cardinals do not have a crest. The lack of this attractive feature is compensated for by their color scheme. The contrast between the colors is enhanced by several factors. The dark areas on the back, wings and tail are glossy black rather than gray, as it is in the more familiar Red-crested Cardinal. The red on the head is retained even after several molts in captivity. Some species of birds when first imported are bright red because of their natural diet in their native habitat, and as they molt in captivity they lose the bright red to a duller red-orange. Our Red-capped Cardinals have retained that very attractive red coloring probably due to the diet we feed. It is likely that they are able to metabolize the necessary nutrients more efficiently to retain the vibrant colors. They have a black throat and an elliptical black band around their eyes that extends from the base of the bill to behind the eye. The Iris is a golden red color in adults, and, interestingly, a deep blue in juveniles. The bill is a horn color blending into gray/black towards the tip. The legs are gray and have a strong grip.


ABSTRACT: Teacher training in Brazil has been the focus of interest and research in recent decades and has contributed to the understanding and advancement of the area. However, when its direction moves towards Mathematics Fair, research is still incipient. To contribute to this data change, the present study is the result of qualitative research centered on the problem: what teacher training perspectives can be revealed from the written texts from works presented in the category Santa Catarina's teachers at Math Fair? For this purpose, the corpus of analysis consisted of 38 publications registered from annals, relating to the category Teacher, for the period from 2014 to 2019. The descriptive and interpretative analysis of the corpus revealed that there are different perspectives for teacher training: one is more prominently, closer to practical rationality; another is more related to critical rationality; and, finally, a third one that is related to technical rationality. Therefore, it is possible to evidence a tendency of the lecturing teacher to report practices, which seek to overcome the traditional, prominently valuing the actions from their own successful experiences, but also with a view from the praxis. We conclude by indicating the relevance of discussions in the scope of the Math Fair about the implications of each identified training perspective, as well as suggesting problematizing the Teacher category.


This study examined adult men's attitudes toward race and gender equity and their sexual harassment proclivities in relation to male identity status and traditional masculinity ideology. It was hypothesized that a male identity characterized by dependence on a male reference group for one's gender role self-concept would be related to traditional attitudes about masculinity, and both would be associated with attitudes unsupportive of race and gender equity and attitudes conducive to the sexual harassment of women. Conversely, it was also hypothesized that a male identity characterized by not being dependent on a male reference group for one's gender role self-concept would be related to attitudes supportive of race and gender equity, not having attitudes conducive to the sexual harassment of women, and not endorsing traditional attitudes about masculinity. Support for both hypotheses was found, and implications of the findings for understanding men's psychosocial functioning are discussed.


All teachers, irrespective of their 'subject', contribute to the development of their pupils' language and languages. Although not primarily r esponsible for language 'teaching', content teachers in CLIL will not only be producing much of the raw data from which learners will formulate hypotheses regarding use, they will also be spontaneously responding to that use. This is a practical discussion, illustrated with examples from the spoken component of the British National Corpus, examining ways in which content teachers, via the modelling implicit in classroom discourse, can enhance the linguistic input and feedback which they provide and encourage students to use a wider range of meaning-making, negotiation and politeness strategies.


Here we present 7 cases of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) gastrointestinal infection following renal transplantation. Patients visited the clinic with variable symptoms, such as epigastric pain, fever, and melena. Detection of CMV early antigenemia and endoscopic biopsies were performed to diagnose CMV gastrointestinal infection. After diagnosis, patients were treated with Ganciclovir and their symptoms improved. We confirmed the negative conversion of CMV early antigenemia prior to discharge. (Korean J Med 77:S1263-S1267, 2009)


OBJECTIVE: Evaluate leg and hand Corticomotor excitability in relation to sleep in RLS patients.
 BACKGROUND: Increased cortical excitability using paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) shown for the hand in RLS patients has not been evaluated for the leg nor have these changes been related to the polysomnography measures characteristic of RLS (i.e., PLMS and increased waking during sleep (WASO).
 DESIGN/METHODS: 2 RLS adults and 16 matched Controls underwent morning TMS following overnight polysomnography. We tested paired-pulse TMS linked to GABA-A and GABA-B activity: short and long interval intracortical inhibition (SICI, LICI) of both the abductor pollicis brevis and the anterior tibialis muscles.
 RESULTS: RLS compared to controls showed less SICI for hand (p 0.20). WASO correlated significantly only with both hand SICI (r=0.60, p<0.001) and leg LICI (r=0.66, p<0.001).
 CONCLUSIONS: These first data evaluating paired pulse morning TMS for the hand and leg revealed complex differences in cortical excitability for RLS both compared to controls and in relation to sleep. The differences in the relation of TMS to PLMS and WASO suggest differing neurobiological bases for these two sleep-related features of RLS.
 Study Supported by: NIH grant R01 NS075184 Disclosure: Dr. Salas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kalloo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Krum has nothing to disclose. Dr. Allen has received personal compensation for activities with GlaxoSmithKlyne Inc., Pfizer Inc, Impax Pharmaceuticals and UCB Pharma. Dr. Allen has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Sleep Medicine. Dr. Allen has received research support from GlaxoSmithKlyne Inc.


Let $\sum_p$ denote the class of functions of the form $$f(z) = \frac{a_{-p}{z^p} + \sum^{\infty}_{k=0} a_kz^k (a_{-p} \neq 0, p \in N = {1, 2, \cdots})$$ which are regular in the punctured disk $D = {z : 0 z


Abstract
PEDS© is a multimodular software system which is designed to be an in home interactive access to a neonatal and pediatric diagnostic information database system. This system is designed to assist the parent is assessing his/her child's condition, as well as in determining whether or not the child needs more immediate medical attention. The system can also be utilized as a teaching system. It should be emphasized that PEDS© is not designed to replace the pediatrician.


A new species of Cyclopogon, C. dressleri Szlachetko from Panama, is described as new. It differs from the closely related C. ovalifolium Presl in having a fleshy winged isthmus and hornlike appendices on the basal lip auricles. The genus Cyclopogon Presl embraces two subgenera, Cyclopogon and Beadlea (Smith) Szlachetko, which differ from each other by the absence or presence of the basal union between sepals, respectively. The subgenus Cyclopogon contains only one species, C. ovalifolium Presl, native to the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. While studying herbarium materials of the subtribe Spiranthinae deposited at FLAS, I found a new species of the subgenus. It is described here as follows. Cyclopogon dressleri Szlachetko, sp. nov. TYPE: Panama. Cocle: upper Rio Blanco, NW of El Cope (Caribbean slope), 600-800 m, Dressier 5986 (holotype, FLAS). Figure 1. Cyclopogon ovalifolii similis, sed recedit auriculis labelli processibus carnosis, cornubovariformibus et isthmo distincte alato, alis valde incrassatis, ad nervo primario labelli declinatis et canalis formantes. Roots 1-1.5 mm diam., fleshy, clustered. Stem 240-280 mm tall, erect, delicate, above 1/3-2/3 glandular. Leaves 8, forming a basal rosette, petiolate; petiole up to 50 mm long, narrow; blade up to 50 mm long, 28 mm wide, sagittate, acute. Cauline bracts 4-5, herbaceous, acute, glabrous, adnate to the stem, slightly shorter than internodes. Inflorescence 60-80 mm long, 10-15-flowered, dense or lax. Flowers rather small, slightly pendent, glabrous, green with white tips. Floral bracts 8 mm long, lanceolate, acute, membranous, herbaceous, glabrous, single-nerved. Pedicel 1 mm long. Ovary ca. 7 mm long. Sepals connate to each other to 1V of their length, thin with thickened tips, single-nerved. Dorsal sepal 8.5 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, oblongla ceolate, subobtuse. Lateral sepals 10.5 mm long, 1.4 mm wide, oblong, obtuse. Petals 7.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, oblong or linear, obtuse, thickened at apices, single-nerved. Lip on distinct claw, adnate to t e sepaline tube; hypochile 6.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, narrowly obovate, thin at the base, thickening toward the concave center, with basal lip auric es ornamented by hornlike, fleshy appendices; isthmus 1.2 mm long, 2.2 mm wide, broadly winged, wings fleshy, in natural position bent inward, midvein thick ned, papillate; epichile 2 mm long, 4 mm wide, elliptical, shallowly 4-lobed, fleshy, papillate. Column 5 mm long; column foot 1.5 mm long, adnate to the ovary. Anther 2.2 mm long. Rostellum 1.5 mm long, rostellum after removal of viscidium 1.3 mm l ng, shortly 3-dentate, side teeth with margins bent outward. Cyclopogon dressleri Szlachetko differs from the closely related C. ovalifolium Presl in the lip form. In the former species the lip auricles are ornamented by fleshy hornlike appendices, whereas in the latter one there are no calli on the basal lip lobules. The isthmus of C. dressleri extends into two fleshy, suborbicular wings on each side. In natural position they are bent toward the middle vein forming a kind of channel. The shallow rounded isthmus of C. ovalifolium is not thickened on the margins. This new species is named for Robert L. Dressier, who first collected it. Acknowledgments. I am grateful to the curator of FLAS for the loan of herbarium materials and to Ryszard Ochyra for translating the diagnosis into Latin. NOVON 4: 172-173. 1994. This content downloaded from 22.214.171.124 on Wed, 31 Aug 2016 04:39:05 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Szlachetko Cyclopogon dressleri


This report presents charts developed with a view to rapidly calculating the stability of embankments with side berms built on compressible soil. The main aspects of the calculation of stability (safety factor, etc.) are discussed. This study deals with: an embankment with berm consisting of entirely frictional materials, the sides of which have a gradient of 1/2; the homogeneous subgrade is characterized by constant undrained cohesion. The calculations were carried out on a computer by means of the bishop method. They take into account the shear strength in the embankment. The graphs give a direct value of the safety coefficient as a function of the geometric parameters of the embankment and of the subsoil, and the mechanical characteristics of the materials (embankment and subgrade). These charts are presented so that they facilitate the selection of optimum dimensions for the stability berm. /TRRL/


Large ballistic coefficient entry, descent, and landing vehicles are likely required to achieve more ambitious exploration goals at Mars. This paper investigates strategies for safe landing on Mars for vehicles with large ballistic coefficients, with a focus on maintaining sufficient altitude for terminal descent. Specifically, requirements and guidance strategies for the use of aerodynamic lift in the hypersonic regime are assessed over a range of ballistic coefficients. Results indicate that, for moderately high ballistic coefficients, judicious use of lift may allow safe landing. These strategies may be applicable to future large-scale robotic or human entry, descent, and landing architectures.


Purpose:To determine the distribution of SR and the contents of androgen receptors AR in 36 BPH tissues.Methods:Using imunohistochemical method combined with image analysis technique (IAT). Results:The AR、ER staining intensity in hyperplastic stroma are distinctly stronger than those in the epithelia. The epithelia AR staining intensity in patients under 65 years old is lower than that in patients with 65~75 years old. The stroma AR staining intensity in fibromatous hyperplasia is stronger than that in adenofibromatous hypertrophy. The AR optical density (OD) value has no difference between the epithelia and the stroma.Conclusions:Using IAT for BPH immunohistochemical quantitation is quick, precise and repeated.


The large static drift will deteriorate dynamic measurement accuracy and precision of the time difference method ultrasonic flowmeter, while accurate determination of the received ultrasonic signal can efficiently reduce the drift of the static instantaneous flow. The traditional hardware threshold model is relatively weak in anti-interference, and there is large static drift, which seriously affects the measurement precision improvement. In this paper, the zero threshold smoothing model is improved a lot on the threshold model so that it can accurately determinate the received ultrasonic signal. The measured results prove that this method can efficiently reduce the drift of the static instantaneous flow, and improve the precision of the time difference method ultrasonic flowmeter.


This paper reviews the multi-agent modelling (MAM) which applied as a platform to simulate the interaction of crowd dynamics. The research and development of MAM related to crowd dynamics can generate specific analytical evaluation, improve the safety level of the pedestrians and the quality operation of the urban space. Furthermore, crowd dynamics have become a major concern for urban space and are mainly constrained imposed by the ever-increasing populations. Consequently, these scenarios causing more attention are paid to the crowd safety in capacity assessment, especially during an emergency evacuation. This paper presents a concise review on the development of MAM over the past few years. The discussion on the state of the art of the multi-agent methods includes the history of the multi-agent method and the development of multi-agent modelling. This paper also discussed the state of the art of multi-agent methods in modelling crowd dynamic by focusing only on the microscopic approach. The advantages of multi-agent modelling approach have become one of the best methodological approaches in analysing and predicting crowd performance in the real world as a substitute for physical experimentation in a current research field.


Technology innovations and journalism community are challenged by alternated process of content production, interaction with the audience, economic crisis and saturated media market. Taken together these factors impose a need to reassess capability of the printed public media in Serbia to follow global trends. Research results published in this article indicate that both owners and media managers of the four publicly owned print media in Serbia are looking for the appropriate adjustment model, facing at the same time under-qualified personnel, obsolete technical infrastructure and lack of investments. It was quite expected that public media owners during the adjustment process consider the state as both supporter and protector, since large portion of their business depends on the financial support handed over by the government or municipalities budgets. However, chivalrous role of the state is also being perceived by the public print media representatives within the process of creating comprehensive and respected regulatory framework, that will treat each media as equal competitor in the media game. In the fight for survival newspapers in Serbia are additionally overwhelmed by the technological revolution, leading in direction of an impression that media system is not developing appropriate mechanisms in order to overcome external difficulties. Therefore, the existence of the oldest mass media is being seriously questioned, both globally and locally.


Gardnos Background: The Gardnos Impact Structure in Hallingdal, Norway [1,2] is a 5-6km diameter structure in Precambrian crystalline granitic and gneissic target rocks. Gardnos hosts easily accessible outcrops primarily of crater-filling breccias, crater floor, and sub-crater breccias, making it particularly useful for studying impact effects within silicate minerals. Shock features, (PDFs, PFs) have been reported [24] within polymict melt-bearing breccias (referred to as "suevite" as well as "melt-matrix breccias"), but are confined to small areas adjacent to the central uplift. The age of Gardnos remains poorly constrained, but is likely either Precambrian [2,3] or as young as 385 Ma [5,6]. Like for many other impact structures, dating Gardnos has been difficult: melt-bearing breccias contain small volumes of melt and are dominated by clastic, unmelted material. Previous dating attempts [2] have measured zircons from the suevitic breccias, but data lack context between shocked, unshocked, and potentially melt-grown zircons occurring within the same rock. Here we present a survey of zircon textures and describe their likely shock effects. Samples: GS-01 is a polymict, melt-bearing, clastic-matrix breccia collected from a dump pile outside a hydroelectric dam in the center of the impact structure. Similar rocks from this locality have been reported previously [1] (referred to as "suevite" defined by less than 2 % melt in the matrix. GN-10-27-3 is collected from a 12-inch dike through the unshocked brecciated basement, approximately 20 meters below the con-tact of the melt-matrix breccia of [3]. This sample is considered a melt-rock, dominated by melt matrix (which has been altered to clinochlore and epidote). The sample is blue in hand sample and contains multiple mm to cm-sized clasts of granitic gneiss. Shocked Zircon Background: Zircon is highly resistant to chemical and physical alteration, mean-ing it is one of the last minerals to undergo shock deformation [7]. Zircon is able to record high pressure and high temperature conditions, making it useful for investigations of impact structures, where high temperatures and high pressures occur. Planar microstructures in zircon and the transition to polymorph reidite occur together between 20-52 GPa [7]. At ambient pressures, pure zircon decomposes at 1676 ̊C to cristobalite and tetragonal ZrO2 grains [7]. Granular zircon which was formerly reidite [8] can be identified using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD), and such grains are useful in dating the age of impact. Methods: Whole rock sample was crushed us-ing the SelFrag electromagnetic pulse disaggregation instrument at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. Crushed sample was hand sieved. Fraction between 250-63 m was separated by magnetism and density using sodium polytungstate (density = 3.0 g/cm). Nonmagnetic high-density fraction was used to make grain mounts on glass slides. Grinding on 800, 1000, 1200 grit size pads, followed by hand polishing to 0.5 m using alumina powder. Characterization using transmitted and reflected light, and by electron microscopy at the American Museum of Natural History. Electron backscatter imaging was done using Zeiss EVO 60 variable pressure SEM and a HITACHI S4700 Field Emission-SEM. Cathodoluminescence was conducted with a Gatan MonoCL cathodoluminescence detector (CL) attached to the field emission SEM. Zircon at Gardnos: Multiple textures were observed in zircon crystals from the suevite. Some crystals had parallel offsets/micro-faults (Figure 1). This crystal was highly cracked, but oscillatory zoning throughout the crystal was visible in CL. There were multiple observed zircons appearing to granular. In one case (Figure 2), granules are between 2-6um in their maximum dimension, entirely making up the grain. Granules are the same shade in both BSE and CL. Between some granules is a material much brighter in backscatter, which may be fluorite. In another granular zircon (Figure 3), granules only make up parts of the crystal, and are >2 m in their maximum dimension. These granules are a brighter than their host grain in CL.


According to the requirement of the pre-magnetic device during retrieving thin magnetic substances,the paper studied the timed-pulse requirement of pre-magnetic device and characteristics for wiring components,voltage and current of charged and discharged circuitries.It proposed the pre-magnetic device with the high magnetic field intensity,low energy consumption and high cost performance for the first time.Inductances and resistances of real measuring magnet coils were agreed on through analysis for pre-magnetizing mechanism and theoretic calculation.It was proven that the design is reasonable.Then the special feature of magnetic fields for magnet coils was studied and analyzed.It showed that the distribution of magnetic fields according with the magnetization requirement of ferromagnetism substance.The systematic structure of the pre-magnetic device with pulse oscillation was proposed for the first time and the surge waves of RLC circuits are transformed into the oscillation waves so that high magnetic-field intensity is formed.It prolongs the working lives.The device is provided with stable performance,low energy consumption of 0.8 kW power per hour.The research and design for pre-magnetic device is a technological innovation in pre-magnetic device field.


It is very important measure for the local document to service disciplinary construction. the present essay discusses the questions of local document construction and service, and solves an objective reality problem of the local document service disciplinary construction.


Education curricula need constant updates in response to job market requirements, which may be influenced by the changing technological environment. In the library and information science (LIS) job market there are dynamics brought about by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). These dynamics call for LIS schools to reconsider their curricula in line with the job market. The job markets expect the education system to reflect their demands, as they are the primary clients. This study explored the education and training of LIS professionals on digital scholarship in line with the LIS curriculum in higher education institutions of South Africa. This was to enable the development of a framework for incorporating digital scholarship into the LIS curriculum. Wolf's (2007) curriculum development model and an aspect of the customer satisfaction model (Zeithaml et al., 1993) informed the study. The models assisted in producing a framework that can be used to incorporate digital scholarship content into the LIS curriculum in South Africa. The framework suggests that when developing digital scholarship, consultation with relevant stakeholders both internal and external should be considered. Relevant infrastructure and resources should also be in place when developing a digital scholarship curriculum. The relevant infrastructure should include the 4IR-driven infrastructure such as smart sensors, three-dimension (3D) modeling, and cybersecurity tools, among others. Relevant documentation such as resources in the form of policies, course outlines, and other curriculum-related documents should also be consulted. This model, if adopted, could assist LIS schools in developing a curriculum that is driven by digital scholarship, leading to the production of LIS graduates that meet the requirements of the current LIS job market.


The effect of bacteria isolated from small intestinal contents of blind loop patients on human intrinsic factor (IF) and the vitamin B12-IF complex was studied in vitro. After incubation of human gastric juice (HGJ) with bacterial cultures, there was a moderate reduction in IF-concentration, while the ability of HGJ to enhance the uptake of 57CoB12 by guinea-pig small intestinal brush borders was unaffected. Following incubation of HGJ-bound 57CoB12 with enterobacteria and bacteroides, the brush border uptake of 57CoB12 was not significantly different from control uptake, whereas the uptake after incubation with bifidobacteria was 79% of control uptake (p < 0.01). Significant release of unbound 57CoB12 could not be detected when HGJ-bound 57CoB12 was dialysed with bacterial cultures. Bacterial cell extracts from these cultures contained 57CoB12 partially bound, possibly to IF.


Firstly we introduce the correlation imaging approach for the x-, y- and z-gradients of a magnetic total field anomaly for deriving the distribution of equivalent magnetic sources of the subsurface. In this approach, the subsurface space is divided into a regular grid, and then a correlation coefficient function is computed at each grid node, based on the cross-correlation between the x-gradient (or y-gradient or z-gradient) of the observed magnetic total field anomaly and the x-gradient (or y-gradient or z-gradient) of the theoretical magnetic total field anomaly due to a magnetic dipole. The resultant correlation coefficient is used to describe the probability of a magnetic dipole occurring at the node. We then define a global correlation coefficient function for comprehensively delineating the probability of an occurrence of a magnetic dipole, which takes, at each node, the maximum positive value of the corresponding correlation coefficient function of the three gradients. We finally test the approach both on synthetic data and real data from a metallic deposit area in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China.


The wearing performances of the gambiered Guangdong silk is studied by testing its comfort,durability and anti-crease property,and compared with the corresponding degummed silk fabric.The results show that gambiered Guangdong silk,though is inferior to degummed silk fabric in air permeability,but is superior in moisture Absorption,so it still has good wearing comfort.Its ability to Absorb and keep liquid water is decreased obviously,so it dries quickly after being washed.The tensile strength is strengthened,and abrasion resistance is enhanced significantly;while the elongation ability,tearing strength and anti-crease property are weaken.Contrary to general silk fabrics,the gambiered Guangdong silk's anti-crease property is better in wet state than that in dry state,and it is direction depended,i.e.the crease recovery angle is bigger when the coating is folded outwardly.


Abstract Imprinting studies have traditionally employed precocial rather than raptor species as subjects. The present study used Florida Burrowing Owls, which were hand-fed and later tested for following-response and approach-response behaviors. Following-response behavior never occurred, but approach-response behavior did occur (strongly associated with feeding), only to sharply decline with the onset of flight. There was a consistent lack of threat display to humans, although the presentation of other animals did evoke threat displays.


A case of a 67 year-old woman with acute renal syndrome during treatment of angiotensin converting enzyme is presented. In angiography was affirmed acute occlusion left renal artery (LRA) with chronic occlusion right renal artery. Percutaneous angioplasty with implantation stent of the LRA were performed with optimal effect. In this article, the clinical management of patients with angiographically documented acute occlusion renal artery is discussed.


: Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm is a rare and fatal complication of myocardial infarction. Patients usually die from hemorrhage; therefore, urgent surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment. The most important differential diagnosis for this entity is left ventricular true aneurysm that could be managed with medical treatment. The diagnostic work up of left ventricular abnormal outpouching is well illustrated in the literature; however, less is written about the role of computed tomography angiography (CTA). Hereby, we present a case of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm in a 65-year-old woman who suffered from an ST elevation myocardial infraction six months ago. The echocardiography and chest CTA examinations revealed formation of a large aneurysmal cavity posterolateral to the left ventricle with significant thrombus formation. However, less is written about the role of computed tomography angiography in the diagnostic work up of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. We present the typical features of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm depicted with CTA.


Based on depth information fingertip detection method, it refers to finger through the end point of departure from the palm of the finger path geodesic point detecting method comprising the steps of: 1, hand palms segmentation and positioning; 2, the finger positioning: includes an initial phase position of the finger of the finger base detection and estimation of palm plane rotation; 3, the fingertip detection: FIG comprising establishing model, the positioning finger and the fingertip is positioned; detection method of the present invention both for stationary gesture or a gesture motion can achieve high recognition rate, and can achieve real-time detection; Meanwhile, when the palm of the lens at an angle, can achieve high detection accuracy; the purpose of the gesture recognition by calculating the position of a fingertip, to achieve a stable and accurate means pointed position detection, and multi-angle may be detected by calculating a palm fingertip normals.


Within the British tradition of literary criticism, and then more specifically the Formalist tradition of the post-war years, the idea of value judgement implied by the appellation Christian (or by the use of the concept of world view within the confines of an essay in literary criticism) would seem to be positively repugnant. The use of any criterion in literary criticism that deals with philosophical concepts has to be very carefully considered.


The packaging method can significantly affect the shelf life of fresh meat, and consequently the microbiological status and sensory properties of the packaged meat. In our country, for extending the shelf life of meat and meat products, the vacuum-packaging and packaging in the modified atmosphere are usually used. Vacuum-packaging favours the growth of facultative anaerobic bacteria, including lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and Brochothrix thermosphacta, as proven spoilage bacteria of fresh meat. Vacuum packaging has a positive influence on juiciness, tenderness, flavor and ripening of meat, but it has negative influence on the meat color. The aim of the present study was to investigate the microbiological status and sensory properties of vacuum-packaged fresh beef. Samples of beef tenderlo in packaged in stretch foil and vacuum-packaged fresh beef tenderloin were kept in strictly controlled conditions, at 0-4°C. Microbiological and sensory examinations were performed on 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day of storage, in three separate cycles. Microbiological examinations included determination of microbial indicators of the processing hygiene and microbial indicators of meat spoilage (total count of aerobic mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria, the number of Enterobacteriaceae, the number of lactic acid bacteria, the number of Brochothrix thermosphacta) and determination of pathogens (Salmonella spp., coagulasepositive staphylococci, sulphite-reducing bacteria, E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes) as well. Sensory properties were evaluated by using quantitative-descriptive test, on a scale of 1 to 5. The following properties were evaluated: appearance of meat, the color of meat surface, the color of the meat intersection, structure, texture, smell of the fresh meat, smell of meat after cooking, taste of meat after cooking and roasting. By sensory analyses spoilage of meat was established on 21st day of investigation, in the first cycle and on 28th day, in the third cycle. Results obtained from microbiological examinations indicated meat spoilage on the same days, as well. In the second cycle of investigation the meat spoilage was established on 14th day of storage, although the microbiological results did not indicate the meat spoilage.


T he most severe form of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is critical limb ischemia (CLI), which is often a result of a chronic total occlusion (CTO) in the peripheral circulation. These complex lesions impair distal perfusion and, if not restored, may result in amputation.1,2 Symptoms indicative of CLI include nonhealing wounds, tissue necrosis (gangrene), and pain at rest.2,3 Invasive options include surgical bypass, endovascular revascularization, and, as a last resort, limb amputation. Not all patients with PAD or CLI are surgical candidates, and endovascular therapy is often the treatment of last resort before amputation. Endovascular revascularization is also more cost-effective and less invasive than bypass surgery, resulting in shorter recovery times and increased quality of life, but may be difficult in the presence of complex lesions due to their location or configuration.4 When attempting to access these complex lesions, interventionists may be required to think outside the box, exhausting all available approach options in an attempt to avoid amputation and its associated morbidity and mortality risks. If initial antegrade approaches are unsuccessful, further attempts using retrograde approaches obtained through pedal, popliteal, or collateral accesses must be considered. The success of percutaneous revascularization may depend on an operator's ability to apply their understanding of the peripheral vasculature and CTO crossing techniques to achieve common and/or exotic access to the occluded segments.5 The present case describes a 76-year-old woman with a history of a left below-knee amputation (BKA) and a nonhealing ulcer at the flap preventing her from wearing her prosthesis during daily activities. This case highlights an uncommon (exotic) endovascular approach, traversing through a profunda collateral to open a superficial femoral artery (SFA) CTO.


The utility model provides an electric heating coil which comprises a heating coil body, a first temperature control device and a second temperature control device. When the temperature of the heating coil body is higher than a first preset temperature, a heating circuit of an auxiliary electric heating element is disconnected through the first temperature control device, and when the temperature of the heating coil body is higher than a second preset temperature, an alarm circuit is connected through the second temperature control device. The electric heating coil disclosed by the utility model is capable of heating though a main electric heating element and the auxiliary electric heating element simultaneously in an initial heating period; the auxiliary electric heating element stops heating through the first temperature control device when the electric heating coil reaches the first preset temperature, thus increasing a heating speed of the electric heating coil, enabling the electric heating coil to reach the preset temperature within a relatively short time to achieve a purpose of rapidly heating and improving the working efficiency of the electric heating coil; meanwhile, when the temperature of the electric heating coil reaches the second preset temperature, the alarm circuit is connected through the second temperature control device so as to prompt users that the electric heating coil is too high in temperature, thus achieving a purpose of high temperature alert.


Deep learning (DL)—in particular convolutional neural networks (CNN)—methods are widely spread in object detection and recognition of remote sensing images. In the domain of DL, there is a need for large numbers of training samples. These samples are mostly generated based on manual identification. Identifying and labelling these objects is very time-consuming. The developed approach proposes a partially automated procedure for the sample creation and avoids manual labelling of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems. By combining address data of existing rooftop PV systems from the German Plant Register, the Georeferenced Address Data and the Official House Surroundings Germany, a partially automated generation of training samples is achieved. Using a selection of 100,000 automatically generated samples, a network using a RetinaNet-based architecture combining ResNet101, a feature pyramid network, a classification and a regression network is trained, applied on a large area and post-filtered by intersection with additional automatically identified locations of existing rooftop PV systems. Based on a proof-of-concept application, a second network is trained with the filtered selection of approximately 51,000 training samples. In two independent test applications using high-resolution aerial images of Saarland in Germany, buildings with PV systems are detected with a precision of at least 92.77 and a recall of 84.47.


Thank you very much for downloading flexible ridesharing new opportunities and service concepts for sustainable mobility. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their chosen readings like this flexible ridesharing new opportunities and service concepts for sustainable mobility, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious virus inside their laptop.


The end of the Francisco Franco (1892–1975) regime in 1975 was marked by public protests against court decisions on adultery all over Spain. On October 10, 1976, the newspaper El país reported on a case in Zaragoza.1 Activists Anita Bennett and Jill Nichols reported another case in 1977, which led to one of the largest women's demonstrations in Spain's history. Women took over the streets in cities such as Madrid, Zaragoza, Mallorca, and Barcelona to ask for equal rights and emancipation. Their placards read: "We are all adulteresses."2 Almost a century earlier, Fernando Poo was still a Spanish possession. In 1890, Maria Smith, a Nigerian Protestant missionary, and other Protestant mothers led a protest against the political and religious establishment of Fernando Poo.3 The Spanish governor had refused to give Smith permission to build a school for girls. Fr. Emengol Coll, the Catholic apostolic prefect, supported the governor's decision on the grounds that such a school would work against Spain's national interests.4 Most of these women were tried, severely punished, and called "adulteresses." The collusion between colonization and evangelization in Fernando Poo was especially harsh on women. Four years after Smith and the mothers' protest, in the Claretian mission of Fernando Poo, a woman was murdered. According to historian Jacint Creus, who is my main source on the incident, Father Andreu Puig-gros and Brother Antonio Artieda had ordered this "bad woman" to be beaten all night, with hands and feet tied, because of her "immorality." She was accused of inciting the children of her Protestant school to


The paper examines the effects of a set of determinants on GDP growth in advanced and emerging economies. The countries of G7 represent the former, while the countries of BRICS, except Russia, plus Turkey stand for the latter. Empirical evidence highlights the primary role of FDIs on economic growth, while many other parameters have been examined as well. Our study reveals not statistically significant and controversial effects of inward FDIs on economic growth in advanced and emerging economies, while population, infrastructure and openness have diverging effects on the two samples as well. Indeed, financial sector developments proved to be the most significant parameter on GDP growth, underlying the importance of liquidity and the efficient allocation of funds in the economy. Empirical research should be more focused on countries with similar economic characteristics, while policy makers should be very cautious for the appropriate measures to achieve economic welfare.


A group of colonies of the ascidian Didemnurn rnolle Herdman was photographed approximately daily in the field for 12 d. Of the 16 colon~es present on Day 1, many divided until there were 35 colonies on Day 12. Even colonies that did not divide often moved several cm during the observations. This is the first evidence for short-term movements by d idemn~d colon~es under field conditions. Migration over the substrate has been reported in adults of several ascidians of both colonial and solitary species, including Botrylloides leachi (White, 1877), Ciona intestinalis (Valle, 1900, 1901), and at least 6 different species of didemnids (Valle, 1900a, b ; Carlisle, 1961; Birkeland et al . , 1981; Thinh, personal comn~unication). Didemnids commonly contain symbiotic prochlorophytes (Lewin, 1975; Birkeland et al., 1981; Thinh, personal communication) proposed that colonies may move so as to provide optimum sunlight for this symbiont. The present note reports that colonies of Didernnum molle Herdman migrate over the substrate and divide under field conditions. In addition, a possible interaction between D. molle colonies and other benthic invertebrates is described. This study was carried out a t Calatagan, Batangas, Philippines (13" 53' N lat., 120" 39' E long.) for the 12 d period from July 22 to August 2, 1980. A large coralhead at a depth of 3 to 4 m, depending on tidal fluctuations, was marked with a buoy, and clusters of adult Didemnum molle colonies were chosen for observation. Photographic records were made at various intervals throughout the 12 d period using a Nikonos 111 camera with close-up lens ( + 2 diopter), flash, and framer to insure consistent size and angle of photographed area. Photographs from Day 1 and Day 12 were superimposed with reference to stationary landmarks on a nearby coral to show the net changes in movement over time (Fig. 1). Next, external changes in morpholO Inter-Research/Printed in F. R. Germany ogy and behaviour of dividing colonies are presented through a pictorial sequence covering 4 consecutive days (Days 9-12) of colony movement (Fig. 2). Observation of Didemnum molle colonies over 12 d revealed movement of colonies on the order of a few cm. Change in position of colonies between Days 1 and 12 is indicated diagramatically in Fig. 1. The colonies not only migrated, but some also divided. On the first day, there were 16 colonies, and on the 12th day there were 35 colonies; the almost daily photographic record left no doubt that all 35 came from the original 16. The number of cloacal apertures in all the colonies studied increased from 43 on the first day to 52 on the 12th day. A few of the colonies divided more than once during the 12 d observation, with as many as 4 colonies resulting from an original one. Total area of substrate covered by the ascidians was not markedly changed over the 12 d period.


The frontier forces in Han Dynasty had a complete organization and management system.A prefect was the top-rank offcial of the border area for border affairs,under whom there was a large group of aides and subordinates.The composition of the frontier forces was also complex and diverse,mainly including defense-soldiers and boundary-soldier as well as soldiers recruited,banished and imprisoned to frontiers.The frontier forces'daily life chiefly included military training,necessary spiritual needs and recreational activities.For a long-lasting stability in border areas,the government of Han Dynasty passed the laws to protect the basic rights of person and economic benefits of the frontier forces,providing them with all kinds of munitions and supplies as well as necessary medical-care facilities.The central government of Han Dynasty played a positive role in effective organization and management of the frontier forces and improving their combat effectiveness.


A circular disk-shaped monopole ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna having a small area of 26 x 31 x 1.6 mm 3 was proposed in this paper. The antenna printed on FR4 material of permittivity 4.4 and height of 1.6mm. Microstrip line having a width of 3mm is used to excite antenna. The band-notch from 3.2 to 3.7 GHz is achieved by incorporating C-shape slot having a length of 28 mm on the radiating patch. Two symmetrical C-shaped strips are placed near to the feeding line edges to achieve another notch at 5 to 6 GHz. The proposed antenna is operating in the whole ultra-wideband from 2.4 to 11.8 GHz while rejecting electromagnetic interference from WiMax and WLAN systems. The simulated results such as Sparameters, VSWR, radiation patterns, current distributions, and gain shows that the antenna is well appropriate for wireless portable devices.


Abstract Japan's coastal access rights movement is a relatively recent phenomenon. It has grown out of the country's changing life style and values and is a direct reaction of the people to the loss, due to postwar industrialization on landfill, of the amenity and other values associated with the coast. The movement, basing its claims on customary use and the constitutionally guaranteed "right to maintain the minimum standard of wholesome cultured living"; (environmental rights), is seeking the repeal of the national landfill law and adoption of a coastal environmental protection law which guarantees coastal access rights to all of the people. To achieve its goals, the movement has, among other things, organized to purchase selected coastal areas under a public trust principle. It has also started to do environmental planning aimed at restoring lost coastal beaches. However, the geographical and cultural contexts of the nation pose considerable barriers to the achievement of the movement's goals.


T relations between Great Britain and its settler colonies during the Victorian period are drawing renewed attention from historians of imperialism. J.G.A. Pocock first argued in the 1970s that the history of Britain was inseparable from its relations with what he would later term the "neoBritains"1 but as Carl Bridge and Kent Fedorowich have outlined in a recent review article, only now is the writing of that history "in progress" (3).2 To a large extent, writing such a history involves recovering a specifically Victorian form of imperialism first named by C.W. Dilke in the title of his travelogue, Greater Britain: A Record of Travel in English-Speaking Countries During 1866 and 1867 (1868). To assist his British readers in comprehending the vast scope of the empire and the sources of its cohesiveness, he invoked the concept of "Greater Britain" to emphasize the transnational homogeneity of its language and institutions: "I followed England round the world: everywhere I was in English-speaking, or in English-governed lands. If I remarked that climate, soil, manners of life, that mixture with other peoples had modified the blood, I saw, too, that in essentials the race was always one" (7). While Dilke included America and India in his narrative, the definition of Greater Britain was soon narrowed by J.R. Seeley in The Expansion of England (1883). Seeley's analysis of imperial history was underpinned by the careful differentiation between two modes of imperialism exemplified by India and the settler colonies:


In this study, we investigate the fast algorithms for the Large-Scale Markov Decision Process (LSMDP) problem in smart gird. Markov decision process is one of the efficient mathematical tools to solve the control and optimization problems in wireless smart grid systems. However, the complexity and the memory requirements exponentially increase when the number of system state grows in. Moreover, the limited computational ability and small size of memory on board constraint the application of wireless smart grid systems. As a result, it is impractical to implement those LSMDP-based approaches in such systems. Therefore, we propose the fast algorithm with low computational overhead and good performance in this study. We first derive the factored MDP representation, which substitutes LSMDP in a compact way. Based on the factored MDP, we propose the fast algorithm, which considerably reduces the size of state space and remains reasonable performance compared to the optimal solution.


This paper develops and analyzes a model of imperfect competition under adverse selection with private values among a finite set of heterogeneous principals (henceforth firms) for (a large number of) heterogeneous agents (henceforth workers). Firms differ in the technology that translates the effort of a worker into revenues for the firm, and we assume that firms are ordered by a single crossing property between effort and the type of technology (better firms have a higher marginal revenue from effort). In turn, workers differ in ability, which determines their disutility of effort. Firms compete with each other by offering menus consisting of wage-effort pairs (contracts), one for each type of worker. Alternative, one can think of firms offering effort-utility pairs for each type. After observing the menus, workers self-select by choosing the best contract for them. Although we cast the model as a labor market, it is straightforward to change the notation and think about it in terms of firms that produce goods of different qualities for different consumers. Instead of a revenue function there will be a cost function, instead of a wage a payment from consumers to firms, instead of worker's ability a consumer's value for quality, and instead of disutility of effort a utility for quality. The analysis reveals that instead of the standard efficiency vs. information rents trade off, the relevant one when there is imperfect competition among firms under adverse selection is efficiency vs. information rents plus market coverage trade off, since changing the menu offered not only affects efficiency and the information rents given to the workers hired but also affects the measure of workers targeted by a firm. We show that a pure strategy Nash equilibrium (PSNE) exists in this modified game (which is in turn a PSNE of the original game), and that in equilibrium the market segments into contiguous intervals, with each firm hiring only workers whose types belong to a given interval, with better firms targeting better interval of worker types and thus having better workforce composition. In equilibrium, the worst firm (in the single-crossing order defined above) distorts effort provision upward for all the types it serves, while the best distort it downward. All other firms exhibit both types of distortions: downward distortions for the lower types they serve, and upward distortions beyond an interior efficient type. Interestingly, the equilibrium effort function exhibits jumps at transition points between firms. In the firms-customers interpretation, this asserts that quality provided in equilibrium on the entire spectrum of the market will exhibit gaps, a potentially testable implication. Regarding curvature properties of the equilibrium menus, we show that it exhibits `quantity discounts' in the following sense: the wage per unit of effort is decreasing in the amount of effort induced in each worker hired by the firm (a similar interpretation holds for the other applications mentioned above regarding firms and customers).


Montalescot et al. 1 recently demonstrated that patients with STEMI and NSTEMI have similar in-hospital and long-term prognoses as well as similar independent correlates of outcome, despite very different in-hospital management. As per accepted guidelines, whereas most STEMI patients underwent emergent reperfusion treatment (e.g. primary PCI or thrombolysis), NSTEMI patients hardly ever received …


As controllable smart material, magnetorheological(MR) fluid has gained its extensive applications in vibration mitigation and vehicle suspensions. MR fluid exhibits the increment of yielding shear stress in the presence of magnetic field, which is the so-called MR effect. Magnetorheological effect Bingham modeling is conducted with the consideration of magnetic field. The axis-symmetric annular flow of MR fluid and the force of MR effect are researched with different excitation current, shear rate, gap width and viscosity.


4 | June 2009 ABSTRACT Recent flume experiments with muddy suspensions have demonstrated that low-energy settings are not a prerequisite for the accumulation of muds and shales. Flocculation produces deposition-prone aggregates even in freshwater, and these floccules form bedload ripples at flow velocities that would also produce ripples in sandy sediments. Floccule ripples are crosslaminated but have a much higher water content (80-90 % by volume) than sand ripples and are thus subject to substantial compaction. Because of this, we must expect that original crosslaminae become severely flattened and are difficult to recognize in the rock record. Nonetheless, a survey of ancient shales has shown that certain intrinsic features of cross-lamination, such as basal downlap and top truncation of laminae, are still recognizable and allow identification of current-deposited muds. The example of the Cambrian Eau Claire Formation is used to illustrate how this approach can change our perception of the depositional setting of certain mudstone successions.


Type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease that results in destruction of insulin-producing β cells and subsequent hyperglycemia.[1,2] The current way of treating T1DM is insulin replacement therapy through repetitive injections of recombinant insulin. In more serious cases, a cadaveric pancreas[3] or purified pancreatic islets[4,5] can be transplanted to restore proper glucose regulation. However, the risks of surgery and the accompanying life-long immunosuppression outweigh the disadvantages of continued administration of insulin. The immunoisolation of islets by alginate microencapsulation is an emerging and promising solution to circumvent immune rejection and so overcome this limitation.[6] While the semipermeable alginate membrane blocks penetration of immune cells and antibodies, it allows the unhindered passage of nutrients, metabolites, and insulin that are produced by encapsulated islet cells.[7] Intraperitoneal administration of microencapsulated islets in monkeys and humans has showed considerable promise for the treatment of T1DM.[8,9]


We present the time-dependent properties of a poorly known OH/IR star, IRAS 18278+0931 (hereafter IRAS 18+09), toward the Ophiuchus constellation. We have carried out long-term optical/near-infrared photometric and spectroscopic observations to study the object. From optical R- and I-band light curves, the period of IRAS 18+09 is estimated to be 575 ± 30 days and the variability amplitudes range from ΔR ∼ 4.0 mag to ΔI ∼ 3.5 mag. From the standard period–luminosity relations, the distance (D) to the object, 4.0 ± 1.3 kpc, is estimated. Applying this distance in the radiative transfer model, the spectral energy distribution is constructed from multiwavelength photometric and IRAS-LRS spectral data, which provide the luminosity, optical depth, and gas mass-loss rate of the object to be 9600 ± 500 L ⊙, 9.1 ± 0.6 at 0.55 μm, and 1.0 × 10−6 M ⊙ yr−1, respectively. The current mass of the object is inferred to be in the range 1.0−1.5 M ⊙ assuming solar metallicity. Notably, the temporal variation of atomic and molecular features (e.g., TiO, Na i, Ca i, CO, H2O) over the pulsation cycle of the OH/IR star illustrates the sensitivity of the spectral features to the dynamical atmosphere as observed in pulsating AGB stars.


Screen plate, screw press or the like for the treatment of a suspension having through-flow apertures in its surface. Said surface is uneven and said through-flow apertures are provided in said surface irrespective of the location of said surface irregularities. The invention is as well related to a process for producing said screen plate.


775 April 2013 R ENAL dysfunction, traditionally quantified by elevated serum creatinine, is an established risk factor for perioperative morbidity and mortality.1–3 Nonetheless, further refining the risk-stratification tools currently available to practicing anesthesiologists is an important way to enhance perioperative value—better patient outcomes per dollar spent. In this issue of Anesthesiology, Mooney et al.4 demonstrate an opportunity to achieve this goal with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In their comprehensive metaanalysis, these investigators demonstrate that decreases in preoperative eGFR significantly predicted mortality and major morbidity both in the short and long term.4 In allowing the quantification of kidney failure based on grades of preoperative renal dysfunction, eGFR may thus provide practitioners with insights on perioperative risk beyond those that could be gleaned from traditional definitions of renal dysfunction that employ simple cut-off values for preoperative creatinine.1–2 The calculation of eGFR in the selected studies for this meta-analysis was based on standard estimates such as the Cockroft–Gault and/or the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equations.5† The quantification of eGFR for clinicians is now straightforward due to ready availability of online bedside calculators that only require entry of routine clinical parameters such as age, gender, race, weight, and serum creatinine.† Furthermore, the National Kidney Foundation has adopted eGFR as the basis for classifying renal dysfunction into five stages.† Based on this accepted staging system, Dr. Mooney et al.4 have demonstrated the powerful association between the grades of chronic renal dysfunction and important perioperative outcomes.5† This is a powerful concept, as it means that even subclinical increases in creatinine significantly elevate perioperative risk. Given the powerful evidence provided by this study and the clinical convenience of eGFR calculators, perioperative clinicians should strive to recognize these patients before surgery. Where do we go from here? Given that eGFR has more predictive power than a single serum creatinine measurement, it follows that eGFR should be tested, validated, and potentially included in contemporary approaches to perioperative risk stratification. This concept has already been adopted in defining risk more accurately after cardiac surgery. The recently released second version of the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE II) has included eGFR in its multivariate model and online risk calculator.2‡ In contrast, the cardiac surgery risk models developed by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons have yet to include Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate


Abstract. A preparation is described for intracellular recording from the neur‐opile of the sub‐oesophageal ganglion (SOG) of the locust, while stimulating the labial and maxillary palps with plant material in such a way as to mimic the palpation behaviour which precedes and continues throughout feeding. Twelve neurones responding to simulated palpation were recorded from and stained in the SOG. Axons of three neurones ascended to the brain, six had descending axons and three had all of their processes confined to the suboesophageal ganglion. The major regions of arborization were in the ventrolateral and mediolateral neuropiles of the maxillary and labial neuromeres. All twelve neurones were solely mechanoresponsive. In addition to responding to palpation of one or more of the four palps, five also responded to stimulation of the labrum, one to touching each antenna, and one to mechanical stimulation of each of the six tarsi. In the context of what is known about the role of mechano‐stimulation in the control of feeding, and given their particular patterns of input and arborizations, it is suggested that the neurones may be active during food selection and ingestion.


In this paper radix-2 algorithms for computation of type-II discrete cosine transform (DCT) and discrete sine transform (DST) of length N = �� �� (�� ≥ �� ) are presented. The DCT/DST can be computed from two DCT/DST sequences, each of length N/2. The odd-indexed output components of DCT/DST can be realized using simple recursive relations. The proposed algorithms require a reduced number of arithmetic operations compared with some existing methods.


Tangnaihe hydro station is one of major controlling station of the Yellow river in Qinghai province. The average annual runoff through the hydro station is 2.0×10 10 m 3, with 34.5% of the annual runoff 5.8×10 10 m 3 of Yellow river and 91.0% of the runoff in the main aspect among the Qinghai province. The place beyond Tangnaihe is one of the major water supply and conserving area for the Yellow river. Through analyzing statical character of runoff and sediment across the station from 1919 to 1999, the years that low and partial low flow year appeared frequently were in the 1920's and 1990's, and the years that high and partial high flow year appeared frequently were in the 1940's, 1960's and 1980's. Changes of annual sediment mainly depended on annual runoff, they changed synchronously and were significantly related with each other. The decrease of runoff and sediment on the mainstream of the Yellow river in 1980's was mainly due to periodic changes of annual runoff. And 1990's belong to a partial high flow period. Compared with low and high flow degrees in history, the partial low flow period in 1990's is normal. Changes of annual runoff on the Yellow river in Qinghai province have not developed towards decline, and changes of runoff and sediment were stable.


The aim of the present follow-up study was to assess whether clumsiness persists beyond the age of 12 and to describe the characteristics of motor and other problems, if present. From 62 children studied in 1984, 12 clumsy and 14 control children were reassessed in 1989. Reasons for dropout were a change of address, unwillingness to participate, and exclusion of hyperactive children with clumsiness. The Test of Motor Impairment indicated that at least 50% of the clumsy children were still markedly below the level of normal motor performance. This outcome was also validated by parent and teacher opinions. Persistent problems were not specifically related to one domain of fine or gross motor ability or general coordination. Concomitant problems reported by teachers and parents were lack of concentration and problems in social behavior.


Regulatory T cells (Tregs) modulate immune responses to maintain immune homeostasis. Retinoic acid (RA) signaling promotes Treg generation and stability. Paradoxically, we observed that dominant negative RA receptor α expressed only in donor T cells (DNRARαfl/flCD4Cre) dampened inflammation and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), while increasing Tregs. We found that diminishing RA signaling significantly enhanced their in vitro suppressive capacity. In vivo the adoptive transfer of DNRARαfl/flCD4Cre Tregs at the time of transplant was significantly (p<0.01) more effective than wild type (WT) controls in ameliorating GVHD. Mechanistically, enhanced suppression was associated with elevated expression of suppressive (CTLA-4, GITR, CD39) and fitness (CD25, pSTAT5) markers. To evaluate the intrinsic requirement of RA signaling in Tregs, we generated transgenic mice with conditional DNRARα expression in Tregs (DNRARαfl/fl x Foxp3YFPCre). Surprisingly, the extent of ablation of RA signaling resulted in divergent phenotypes. Heterozygous ablation (DNRARαfl/wt) was permissive of enhanced Treg suppression. In striking contrast and unexpectedly, homozygous ablation (DNRARαfl/fl) impaired Treg suppressive function and caused multi-organ (lung, liver) autoimmunity in >90% of females and males by 3 months of age. Poor suppression is not cell intrinsic as DNRARαfl/fl Tregs isolated from mixed bone marrow chimeras of congenic WT and DNRARαfl/fl x Foxp3YFP Cre had enhanced function. Our studies indicate that RA signaling in Tregs can be targeted to prevent autoimmunity by enhancing Treg suppression or alternatively, promote antitumor responses by reducing Treg function.


The invention discloses a Bluetooth adapter and a communication method thereof, and belongs to the field of Bluetooth communication. The method comprises: initializing the Bluetooth adapter, declaring the Bluetooth adapter as a CCID device to an upper computer, receiving a CCID instruction issued by the upper computer, converting the CCID instruction into Bluetooth protocol data, sending the Bluetooth protocol data to a Bluetooth card reader, receiving an answer returned by the Bluetooth card reader, converting the answer returned by the Bluetooth card reader into CCID protocol data, and returning the CCID protocol data to the upper computer; and sending a prompt message to the upper computer when receiving a card plug-in and pull-out message sent by the Bluetooth card reader. The Bluetooth adapter comprises an initializing module, an instruction receiving module, an instruction sending module, an answer receiving module, an answer sending module and an event checking module. The Bluetooth adapter and the communication method disclosed by the invention have the beneficial effects that no Bluetooth driver needs to be installed on the terminal, so that the use is convenient, and problems caused by the instability of the Bluetooth driver can be avoided.


Alkali metal ions (Li+, Na+ & K+) co-doped ZnTiO3:Eu3+ red emitting nano-phosphors series were prepared by combustion synthesis method. The crystal structure & surface morphology of the phosphors was analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. The XRD results show the hexagonal phase of ZnTiO3 with space group R-3:R. From the SEM results, it was observed that the phosphors had very small particle size ranging from 10-30nm and the average size of the ZnTiO3 crystal is 30±5nm. Photoluminescence study showed that under the excitation of UV (393 nm) or blue light (464 nm) , the obtained products emitted characteristic red emissions of Eu3+ at 615 nm for 5D0 → 7F2 transition which proved that activator Eu3+ ion had successfully entered the host lattice of ZnTiO3. The red emission intensity was significantly enhanced by introducing alkali metal ions as co-dopants. A remarkable increase in the photoluminescence intensity is found by co-doping with Li+ ions in ZnTiO3:Eu3+ lattices due to the reduction of environment symmetry around Eu3+ ions which strengthen the electric dipole transition.


Synthesis of ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) from ethanol (EtOH) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) in the liquid phase was studied by using ion exchange resin, Amberlyst 15 (A15) in the H+ form and heteropoly acid, H0.5Cs3.5SiW12O40(HPA). Experiments were carried out in a stirred batch reactor with different temperatures under atmospheric pressure. It was found that water will inhibit the reaction rates greatly and the dehydration of TBA could not be neglected in this study.

A kinetics model which considered the inhibition of water and the decrease of volume was proposed. The experimental results agreed well with the model. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The formation of thin tri-layers of Sr- and Mg-doped lanthanum gallate (LSGM) and Gd-doped ceria (GDC) solid electrolytes was performed by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on a Ni-YSZ anode for use in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications. The surface of the NiO-YSZ substrate was coated with a conductive polypyrrole to provide electric conduction, which is essential for the EPD processing. The GDC/LSGM8282/GDC laminar coating was performed by sequential deposition on the same substrate. The electrolyte layers were easily sintered together on the anode without cracking and peering-off at the interfaces.


When the current year ends, so will publication of a drug information database that many subscribers relied on for decades.

The Iowa Drug Information Service database will cease publication after December 2014, according to an announcement by Kevin G. Moores, director of the University of Iowa


Several studies have shown that, among non‐psychiatric in‐patients, validity indices of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) are relatively low when compared to those among primary healthcare attenders. We made an attempt to improve validity by excluding items from the 30‐item GHQ. This exclusion was performed by means of logistic regression analysis, on the one hand, and by using correlations of GHQ sum‐scores with the results of a psychiatric criterion interview (Clinical Interview Schedule) on the other. For this purpose we used a hierarchical approach based on subsets of items. In order to describe the overall discriminating ability of the 30‐, 20‐, 12‐item GHQ and of the two shortened GHQ versions, Receiver Operating Characteristics were used. The discriminating performance of the eight items gathered by Stepwise Hierarchical Variable Selection was significantly better than that of the six items yielded from logistic regression and of the above mentioned three traditional GHQ versions. These analyses are based on 511 participants of a survey in Austrian general hospitals. Overall, Stepwise Hierarchical Variable Selection procedure suggested by the authors for item selection based on sum‐scores might be a useful tool in future two‐phase surveys. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.


Hair cleansing agents which have an enhanced conditioning effect to the hair and improve, in particular softness, smoothness and shine of the hair containing, - based on its weight - 0,01 to 40 wt .-% of 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol, and 0, 1 to 40 wt .-% 0.1 to 40 wt .-% anionic surfactant (s) (e).


As an agrestal weed, downy brome (Bromus tectorum L. # BROTE) is most troublesome in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. # TRIAE) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. # MEDSA) because of the ability of downy brome to reproduce prior to crop harvesting (70, 76). Geographically, downy brome is most common in the western half of the United States where annual rainfall totals 15 to 55 cm and autumn rainfall ranges from 5 to 12 cm (10, 11, 86, 98). In contrast, cheat (Bromus secalinus L. # BROSE) is more common in the eastern portion of the hard red winter wheat producing regions and in the more humid soft red winter wheat region. Behrendt and Hanf (12) state that cheat has been more common on acid sandy or loamy soils while downy brome commonly occurs on dry, mostly alkaline, sandy to loamy soils. Since soils are frequently alkaline in the relatively dry climate of the western regions (61), it is not clear exactly what role pH plays in affecting geographical distribution of the various Bromus spp. Recent serious problems with downy brome in the New England nursery industry (69) and orchards (57) indicate that downy brome could thrive under a relatively wide range of edaphic and climatic conditions. However, as a weed problem in wheat, the common prevalent conditions of low annual precipitation and alkaline soils should not go unnoticed in the development of chemical weed control practices.


Increased concentrations of bacteria and fungi in the air at the waste sorting plants and landfills pose health risks for employees as well as inhabitants of neighbouring areas. The current study presents the results of identification and quantification of the microorganisms present in the airflow leaving the carbon filters installed in the Solid Waste Utilization Plant in Pomeranian Voivodeship (Poland) in order to remove the odorous compounds from the sorting halls. Volatile organic compounds VOCs were identified by the sorption method using the solid Tenax TA sorbent and analysed using a thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system (TD-GC/MS). Before activating the system for neutralizing odours, VOC concentrations in the sorting hall remained at the level of 12.1-15.2 mg/m3 and after activation of the neutralization system total concentration of VOCs in the sorting hall decreased and after the period of six months was 4.3 mg/m3. The microbiological analyses included the following microorganisms: psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria from the coli group (Enterobacteriaceae family) and Escherichia coli, mold fungi and yeasts-like, Mannitol-positive and negative Staphylococci. Six months after the activation of the neutralization system, a marginal increase in all the studied microbiological parameters was observed, with the highest increase in Mannitolpositive Staphylococcus strains.

http://www.pjoes.com/pdf-113129-50596?filename=Effect of Carbon Filter.pdf


Urban sustainability citizenship situates citizens as social change agents with an ethical and self-interested stake in living sustainably with the rest of Earth. Such citizens not only engage in sustainable household practices but respect the importance of awareness raising, discussion and debates on sustainability policies for the common good and maintenance of Earth's ecosystems.


[Methods] Based on the structure of mono-substituted pyrimidine sulfonylurea herbicides developed 15 novel pyridinyl sulfonylurea molecules containing mono-substituted pyrimidine rings were designed and synthesized.The structures of all compounds were confirmed by 1h Nmr and elemental analysis.The bioassay was also carried out.[Conclusions] The biological screening results showed that the inhibitory effects of most of synthesized compounds were not obvious at the concentration of 300 g a.i./ha.


Innovative developments and refinements in membrane technology are rapidly enlarging the capabilities to restructure production processes, protect the environment and public health, and provide new technologies for sustainable growth. This article describes recent progress in this field, as well as current engineering science and technology challenges.


It is well known that the occurrence and evolution of partial discharge phenomena within electrical insulation can lead to their destruction. Early detection of this phenomenon can avoid catastrophic failures of electrical equipments installed on transmission, distribution and generating stations. In this paper, two practical experiences using radio frequency scanning to detect partial discharge activity in electrical equipments are described. In the first case, partial discharge activity in two of three phases of a 13.8 kV air isolated bus duct was detected using radio frequency scanning after suspicions of PD activity in a 115 kV GSU power transformer and a 160 MVA generator was detected using acoustic emission and electromagnetic interference measurements tests with radio frequency current transformers. The second case describes the use of radio frequency scanning to detect partial discharge and corona activity inside a 34.5 kV metal clad switchgear located on a 500 kV substation. Although the electrical interference in the area was the main concern to get a reliable measurement, digital filtering and wide band scanning of the radio frequency scanning technique showed high efficacy to discriminate partial discharge activity inside the switchgear. Final results confirmed the abnormal condition of a circuit breaker in the switchgear.


We introduce a real-time implementation and evaluation of a new fast accurate full reference based image quality metric. The popular general image quality metric known as the Structural Similarity Index Metric (SSIM) has been shown to be an effective, efficient and useful, finding many practical and theoretical applications. Recently the authors have proposed an enhanced version of the SSIM algorithm known as the Rotated Gaussian Discrimination Metric (RGDM). This approach uses a Gaussian-like discrimination function to evaluate local contrast and luminance. RGDM was inspired by an exploration of local statistical parameter variations in relation to variation of Mean Opinion Score (MOS) for a range of particular distortion types. In this paper we out-line the salient features of the derivation of RGDM and show how analyses of local statistics of distortion type necessitate variation in discrimination function width. Results on the LIVE image database show tight banding of RGDM metric value when plotted against mean opinion score indicating the usefulness of this metric. We then explore a number of strategies for algorithmic speed-up including the application of Integral Images for patch based computation optimisation, cost reduction for the evaluation of the discrimination function and general loop unrolling. We also employ fast Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) intrinsics and explore data parallel decomposition on a multi-core Intel Processor.


Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)-doped SnO2 was first used as an efficient electron transport layer for perovskite solar cells with increased efficiency and improved stability.


In the present work, the variability of stone characteristics of mediaeval fossil forms and modern ones from a small blackthorn population in the vicinity of Castle Kolno was analysed. A modern hybrid form obtained from crossing with cultivated plums and appropriate fossil morphotypes were discovered. The analysis of the correlation of features indicated developmental relationships between them. The pattern of variability of the examined stones in the ordination space confirmed the development of the Prunus spinosa-Prunus domestica complex as an element of the dynamic syngameon. The population also showed variations in leaf morphotypes, which may be used in taxonomic analysis.


A novel FEM thermal model for photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated photovoltaics (CPV) technologies is presented in order to improve fluid-mechanic studies for heat-sink design and thermal behavior of components in solar industry, reducing lead time from design to results. This is achieved by implementing the finite element software ABAQUS through a user defined subroutine and taking into account all the environmental requirements, and through the all known fluid-dynamics magnitude relations, as semi empirical equations. This new approach is completely novel and means that it is not necessary to make a complex CFD at early stages of design, but a simplified uncoupled non-linear thermal FEM simulation, reducing a great amount of time and costs, as it is only necessary few time to change design and to reanalyze. The results have been compared with a thermal imaging camera in real operating conditions.


The objective of this study was to explore the long-term effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on activity and composition of the denitrifying communities in paddy soil.The soil samples were collected from the following treatments:CK(no fertilizer),NPK(nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers) and NPKOM(NPK plus organic matter),which were established in 1990.The activity was measured in terms of potential denitrification rate and narG gene was used as the functional marker of the denitrifying community.The results showed that the potential denitrification rate was higher in plot treated with organic fertilizer than in those with mineral fertilizer and no fertilizer,and this finding was positively correlated to soil organic matter content,MBC,and MBN.Totally 35 OTUs were obtained and identified as narG from the three treatments.Recovered narG sequences were mainly grouped in two clusters and related to narG gene of the denitrifiers from Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria.The LUBSHUFF statistical analyses demonstrated that narG gene library of NPKOM treatment was significantly different from CK,while no significant difference was found between NPK and CK,NPK and NPKOM treatments.It inferred that the combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers remarkably influenced the community composition of narG-containing bacteria.


Scott M. Kenworthy. The Heart of Russia. Trinity-Sergius, Monasticism and Society After 1825. New York: Oxford University Press and Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2010. xi, 528 pp. Illustrations. Tables. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. $74.00, cloth.Founded on extensive archival research, this rich study of Trinity-Sergius Lavra and its satellite communities supplies encyclopedic treatments of the monastery, its monks, and its visitors. Arguably the book represents the most complete analysis of modern Russian Orthodox monasticism available. Kenworthy makes unique contributions to the study of modern Russian Orthodoxy by connecting the history of the institutional church with the study of "lived religion" and its emphasis on beliefs and practices of ordinary people and by tracing them across the revolutionary divide of 1917. Highlighting the thoughts and actions of Metropolitan Filaret (Drozdov) and the monastery's priors, especially Antonii (Medvedev) (1832-1877), the former peasant Toviia (Trofim Tsymbal) (1904-1915), and Kronid (Liubimov) (1915-1920), Kenworthy convincingly argues that the pursuit of contemplative prayer among both monks and the laity as well as dramatic increases in pilgrimage were the driving force behind the revival of monasticism and central features of modern Russian Orthodoxy. In doing so, the author offers bold new reassessments of the condition(s) of Russian Orthodoxy in the contexts of the Great Reforms of the 1860s and wars and revolutions of the early twentieth century.Following a concise primer on the development of Orthodox monasticism in previous centuries, Kenworthy analyzes Archimandrite Antonii's efforts to balance the monastery's economic development and its philanthropic and educational initiatives with the revival of Hesychasm (stillness), "the endeavor to place one's mind continually in a state of prayer through contemplation and the use of the Jesus Prayer" (p. 151) and starchestvo, spiritual leadership provided by a monastic elder. Inspired by Serafim of Sarov, Antonii's spiritual mentor, this process resulted in the founding of Gethsemane and other hermitages. In addition to detailing monks' mundane and spiritual lives, Kenworthy's "social history" of the Trinity brethren documents the "peasantization" of the monastery's population following the Emancipation of the serfs and the dramatic shift in the traditional monastic order in which those from lower social ranks, epitomized by Archimandrite Toviia, became a majority and attained (and then remained in) positions of authority. As pilgrimage exploded after 1861, the monastery served as a meeting point between official and popular Orthodoxy. While pilgrims went to Trinity seeking Sergius 's intercession for a variety of reasons and in different ways, subjects the author duly examines, they were supported by monks supplying physical care and spiritual guidance. Pilgrims, in turn, became Trinity's greatest source of revenue. …


A novel form of demultiplexer is demonstrated us- ing a single untapered length of twin-core fiber. The degree of demultiplexing can be vaned so that an arbitrary amount of power at a given wavelength (e.g., 13 pm) can be removed from a multiplex to two wavelengths (e.g., 13 / 1.55 pmh The varia- tion is achieved by locally bending the fiber in the plane of the twin cores. Channel spacings of 30 nm have been achieved experimentally.


Magnesium alloys present an alternative to medical cases in which polymeric sutures may not be ideal. To date, no efficient and low‐cost manufacturing process for the fabrication of magnesium‐based sutures can be found. To obtain an alternative, the previously characterised magnesium alloys ZEK100 (98% Mg), AX30 (96.2% Mg), AL36 (91% Mg) and MgCa0.8 (99.2% Mg) were cast, extruded into 30 mm diameter bars and extruded into 0.5 mm diameter wires. To determine the mechanical properties of the wires, grain size measurements, tensile tests as well as qualitative bending tests were carried out. The ZEK100 alloy's wires showed the finest microstructure having grains of 1.2 µm in diameter. Coarser microstructures were observed for MgCa0.8, AX30 and AL36. The alloy ZEK100 had the highest tensile stress (367 MPa) also revealing a brittle behaviour due to its fine microstructure. The tensile test, carried out for AX30 as well as AL36, resulted in comparable high fracture strains (10.6%) and tensile stresses (300 MPa). However, MgCa0.8 showed a tensile strength of 315 MPa and a low strain of 1.6%. Within the qualitative bending test wires made of the alloy AL36 were able to form tight knots, which is a key feature for suture applications. The comparison of the magnesium sutures with commercially available polymeric sutures revealed lower strength and elongation for the magnesium alloys. Yet, the wires exhibited mechanical properties that can meet the requirements of a suture material.