Concurrency control plays important role in Incorrect updates areprevented byusinglocks advanced database management system(ADMS) allotted during transactions. A transaction mustclaim especially incomputer aideddesign (CAD)with ashared (read) orexclusive (write) lockonadata knowledge database management system(KBMS). itembefore readorwrite. Lockprevents another ADMS related databases involve longer transactiontransaction frommodifying itemorevenreading it, in timeandunsure whenthetransaction iscommitted. In thecaseofa write lock. Rulesoflocking are,if suchsituations, howthedataedited bymorethanone transaction hasshared lockonitem, canreadbutnot userispreserved. Itisbyusing version control orusing update item, andiftransaction hasexclusive lockon locking methodsorboth.Longertransactions canbe item, canbothreadandupdate item. Morethanone better controlled byintelligent method.Inthiswork, transaction canholdshared lockssimultaneously on CPN hasbeenimplemented fortransaction control of CADdatabase. sameitemhowever exclusive lockgives transaction exclusive accesstothat item.


High-resolution seismic and sidescan sonar surveys on Saglek Bank indicate extensive areas of iceberg-scoured sea bottom and provide data for an analysis of 6075 iceberg scour marks in 537 samples, each of 0.25 km by 2.0 km area.The general trends of iceberg scours, measured on sidescan sonographs, are comparable to iceberg trajectories, which are mostly controlled by currents. On Saglek Bank, iceberg-scour and iceberg-drift directions are generally northwest–southeast.Straight scours predominate on the shelf edge, reflecting the influence of unidirectional oceanic (Labrador) currents. Bank-top scours are commonly curved, reflecting the influence of slower moving water more subject to the effects of rotary tidal currents and storms. This difference in dispersion of scour trends between the bank top and shelf edge is due to the relative strengths of variable tidal and storm-driven currents and unidirectional oceanic currents. Pack-ice forces may also influence iceberg movement.Modern icebergs scour the she...


This paper presents a system architecture of a cloud-based web geographic information system (GIS) used to develop a web mapping application for agricultural monitoring. It incorporates a dynamic web map tile service (WMTS) with a geospatial processing service (GPS) for distributed calculations. The system implementation results in a web GIS deployed on Amazon Web Services (AWS) and exposed to the client as a set of RESTful APIs. The functionality provided by the system is used in the application to visualize crop type maps and calculate a core set of descriptive statistics, that summarize the values of vegetation indices for a user defined area of interest over a time period, using Sentinel-2 data.


The research reported here extends the mathematical formulation of nonlinear, sigma-point estimators to enable consider covariance analysis for dynamical systems. This paper presents a novel sigma-point consider filter algorithm, for consider-parameterized nonlinear estimation, following the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) variation on the sigma-point filter formulation, which requires no partial derivatives of dynamics models or measurement models with respect to the parameter list. It is shown that, consistent with the attributes of sigma-point estimators, a consider-parameterized sigma-point estimator can be developed entirely without requiring the derivation of any partial-derivative matrices related to the dynamical system, the measurements, or the considered parameters, which appears to be an advantage over the formulation of a linear-theory sequential consider estimator. It is also demonstrated that a consider covariance analysis performed with this 'partial-derivative-free' formulation yields equivalent results to the linear-theory consider filter, for purely linear problems.


This letter presents the design and performance of an electrically small loop antenna standing on the compact ground in wireless sensor package. The loop antenna works at 434 MHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band with the size 18 ×18 ×12 mm3. The performance is simulated complied with measurement. Over 5 MHz of -10-dB impedance bandwidth and more than 22% radiation efficiency in the frequency are achieved. Moreover, one essential step for the electrically small loop antenna measurement is proposed. The small volume makes the proposed miniaturization technique possible for the sensor package, which would have significance for the rapidly increasing Internet of Things (IOT) industry.


Conversion and Social Equality in India By Dick Kooiman New Delhi. India: Manohar 1989. xi. 236pp.. cloth. Rs. 200 Reviewed by Hunter P. Mabry Subtitled "The London Missionary Society in South Travancore in the 19th Century," this book deals with the problem of untouchability from a historical perspective among some untouchable communities in southern India. Kooiman focuses on the Shanars (now Nadars), Pulayas, and Pariahs, with particular attention to their movement into (and out of) Christianity from the arrival of the first LMS missionary in 1808 until around 1900. Kooiman is trained in Asian history and sociology and was teaching South Asian history at the Free University of Amsterdam at the time this book was published. His approach is that of a social historian, viewing the "stigma of pollution and the material deprivation of the untouchable poor" as reinforcing one another. He argues that an important escape route has been to adopt a new religion through mass conversion as part of an effort to gain a more dignified status in society. Along the way he provides a short history of Travancore, examines the relationship between colonialism and missionary activity (which he finds to be both cooperative and conflictive), and analyzes the "missionary advance" in the social setting of Travancore-with particular attention to linkages between education and employBook Reviews 95


Ciochon, R. L., and R. S. Corruccini (Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 and Division of Physical Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560) 1977. The phenetic position of Pliopithecus and its phylogenetic relationship to the Hominoidea. Syst. Zool. 26:290-299.-Problems of ascertaining affinities of fossil taxa are explored utilizing the European Miocene primate Pliopithecus vindobonensis as an example. Traditionally, Pliopithecus has been regarded as an ancestral gibbon, yet aspects of its postcranial anatomy contradict this. Current studies provide strong evidence that the forelimb complex of the extant Hominoidea represents a synapomorphic character complex. The shoulder joint of Pliopithecus was therefore compared with 17 species of anthropoid primates using 10 measurements emphasizing the glenohumeral articulation. Multivariate analysis indicates that Pliopithecus conforms in every way with the symplesiomorphic morphopattern shown by extant cercopithecoids and platyrrhine primates but contrasts markedly with extant hominoids, especially the gibbon. It is therefore unlikely that Pliopithecus and Hylobates are directly related. The great similarity of Pliopithecus to the African Miocene primate, Dendropithecus, also sheds doubt on its current hylobatine classification. [Phenetics; phylogenetics; shoulder; multivariate analysis; Pliopithecus.] The accurate assessment of the taxonomic and phylogenetic affinities of fossil taxa has always been a difficult task. Problems arise from inaccurately applied neontological systematics and the disparate usage of various taxonomic philosophies (Schaeffer, Hecht and Eldredge, 1972). The exact nature of the relationship of a particular fossil specimen to other fossil and recent taxa, be it phenetic, cladistic, evolutionary or otherwise, must be expressly stated. If not, misinterpretations may develop and later become the source of futile controversy. An appropriate example can be found in discussions of the European Miocene primate Pliopithecus vindobonensis. The first specimens allocated to the genus Pliopithecus were discovered as long ago as the early part of the middle 19th century (Lartet, 1837; Blainville, 1840; Gervais, 1845). Today, Pliopithecus ranks as perhaps the best known Neogene fossil primate, being represented by 3 partial skeletons and hundreds of isolated cranial and dental elements. Yet the phylogenetic affinities of this primate are still the subject of much recent speculation (Groves, 1972, 1974; Tuttle, 1972; Frisch, 1973; Simons and Fleagle, 1973; Morbeck, 1972, 1975; Feldesman, 1975; Delson, 1975, 1976; Delson and Andrews, 1975). When only dental remains of Pliopithecus were known, it was widely believed to be a small hominoid primate ancestral to the extant Hylobatinae (Lartet, 1837; Hiirzeler, 1954; Piveteau, 1957). Others who studied the dentition, however, did notice certain primitive features such as a strong buccal cingulum, frequent occurrence of a paraconid on M1, distal position of the metaconid, existence of a direct hypoconid-protoconid ridge and the tendency of the talonid to be broader than the trigonid (Ferembach, 1958; Remane, 1965; Groves, 1972). With the discovery of the 3 partial skeletons of Pliopithecus in the middle Miocene ("Vindobonian" or Badenian in current local terminology) deposits of Czechoslovakia, a reassessment of the genus took place. However, the outcome was very similar to the traditional long standing view (Zapfe, 1958, 1960; Simons, 1964, 1969) despite the presence of such primitive postcranial features as a low intermembral index, unspecialized hand pha-


Objective To establish a dual contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(DCEUS)method for diagnosing the upper urinary tract obstructive diseases,and to discuss the diagnosis criterion and value.Methods A total of 147patients with upper urinary tract obstructive diseases underwent dual contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination.A dose of SonoVue solution was directly injected into the renal pelvis via the puncture tube,and the antegrade contrast agent movement within the upper urinary tract was continuously monitored under CPS mode.Meanwhile,intravenous contrast-enhanced ultrasound was performed to observe the capillary filling of the urinary tract and surrounding structures,that is what we called DCEUS.And all the patient received magnetic resonance urography(MRU)and urinary contrast-enhanced CT within one week.With the operative findings and/or postoperative pathology taken as the golden standard,the accuracies of DCEUS and MRU in diagnosing the obstructive levels and severity of upper urinary tract obstruction were compared,and the accuracies of DCEUS and contrast-enhanced CT in diagnosing causes of the obstruction were compared.Results(1)The accuracy of DCEUS inrevealing the obstructive levels were 100%,showing no significant difference with MRU(98.6%)(P0.05).(2)The accuracy of DCEUS in evaluating the severity of upper urinary tract obstruction was 98.6%,which was significantly better than that of MRU(89. 8%,P0.01).(3)The accuracy of DCEUS in diagnosing the obstructive causes was 93.2%,showing no significant difference with contrast-enhanced CT(93.9%,P0.05).(4)No complications were found during renal pelvis puncture or administration of SonoVue in the 147patients,and no late complications were noticed during 1-6months ultrasound follow-up in the 143patients who were followed up.Conclusion DCEUS is a safe,effective method;it can accurately locate the upper urinary tract obstruction and help to make qualitative diagnosis,and combination with percutaneous nephrostomy can yield even better clinical values.


This work describes Tropyc, a pattern language for cryptographic software based on a generic object-oriented cryptographic architecture. Signature, and Secrecy with Signature with Appendix. They are classiied according to four fundamental objectives of cryptography (conndentiality, integrity, authentication and non-repudiation) and compose a closed set of patterns for this domain. These patterns have the same dynamic behavior and structure. We abstracted these aspects into a Generic Object-Oriented Cryptographic Architecture (GOOCA).


Oral surgical procedures for the correction of maxillomandibular deformities present unique anesthetic problems, which, though reported in oral surgical journals,'-4 have not received sufficient attention in the anesthesiology literature. O n e of these unique problems relates to the fact that this type of surgery requires the extensive use of pneumatic saws and drills. The close proximity of the osteotomy sites t o the airway, especially in maxillary surgery, presents the possibility that an endotracheal tube may be inadvertently damaged by the cutting instruments. The purpose of this paper is to apprise anesthesiologists of this potential hazard by presenting a n unusual case in which both nasotracheal and pilot tubes were cut in the nasopharynx during maxillary segmental osteotomy.


Metablic Diseases: Foundations of Clinical Management, Genetics and Pathology. Enid Gilbert-Barness, Lewis A. Barness. Eaton Publishing, Natick, MA, 2000, 889 pp. Two volumes. $279.00.

Increasingly sophisticated laboratory techniques over the past 100 years have led to identification of an enormous number of specific metabolic disorders that primarily affect infants and children. Characteristically, these disorders involove multiple organs and systems including both the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as muscles. …


The effect of solution treatment temperature on the rolling contact fatigue strength of mild steel with carbon 0.17%, was studied by using specimens which were annealed, age-hardened at room temperature (20°C) after keeping for 20 minutes at solution temperatures of 700°C, 650°C, 600°C and 500°C, and tempered at 670°C to have almost the same hardness as the specimen solution treated at 700°C.Rolling contact fatigue tests were carried out with each pair of the same specimens by a Nishihara-type wear testing machine under pure rolling contact with lubricant.The results obtained are as follows;(1) The rolling contact fatigue strength of rolled steel for general structure (SS34) is increased markedly by the age-hardening treatment.(2) In order to produce the maximum rolling contact fatigue endurance limit of rolled steel for general structure (SS34), a solution treatment temperature of 600°C is necessary.(3) The propagation depth of crack formed in rolled steel for general structure by repeated contact stress tends to be in the vicinity of the region (Z0) where the maximum shear stress value becomes maximum.


The article covers issues of the national social protection system: its nature, structure, organization and management. The existing typology of national social protection systems is analyzed. The author offers her approach for systematizing national social protection systems, including proposed two particular classifications of national social protection systems.


Objective: Analysis of clinical and pathological characteristics of colorectal cancer in young patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 136 cases of CRC, which was divided by age into three groups: young group (age ≤ 40 years), middle-aged group (age: 40 to 60 years) and older group (age > 60 years). Compare the differences of clinical and pathological characteristics among them, including whether the patient has complications, tumor location, TNM stage, histological type, degree of differentiation and depth of invasion. Results: Patients with basic disease incidence were 59.0% in older group, 18.7% in middle-aged group and 8.2% in young group, a significant difference (P < 0.05). Elderly patients with T4 tumor staging were more than young group (P < 0.05), and the proportion respectively is 52.1% in middle-aged group, 64.1% in older group and 20.4% in young group. In N stage, the young group was higher than the others in the proportion of N2 stage, a significant difference (P < 0.05), and the proportion respectively is 22.5%, 16.6% and 5.1%. Conclusion: In TNM stage system, young patients in T4 stage are fewer, but the lymph node metastasis rate is higher, suggesting that CRC in young patients is easier to lymph node metastasis.


Otitis media and the sequelae of otitis media may lead to the destruction of middleand inner-ear structures, resulting in hearing loss, vestibular abnormalities, as well as intracranial complications. Most of the morbidity associated with chronic otitis media is due to pathological, localized resorption and remodeling of bone. This resorptive process was recognized by Virchow in 1864;' Virchow noted that cholesteatomas ". . . extended through the bone to the external auditory canal sometimes also in the cranial cavity. . . ." It was first believed that this erosive process was due to localized bone necrosis due to infection or p re~su re .~ .~ It was later suggested that an enzymatic process might destroy adjacent bone, and it was suggested that a neutral collagenase may play a role in the resorptive p r o c e ~ s . ~ In recent years, it has become clear that the erosion of bone due to chronic otitis media with or without cholesteatoma is due to the local action of osteoclasts on the bone of the middle and inner ear.5 Osteoclast activation has been shown to be associated with chronic inflammatory processes, as well as localized pressure and adaptive bone remodeling. The resorption of bone in chronic otitis media occurs in the immediate microenvironment of the ruffled border of the osteoclasts. Blair and colleagues6 identified a cathepsin-like proteolytic enzyme in the area of the ruffled border of the osteoclast that has maximal activity at pH 4.0. In the acid environment and in the presence of proteases, the organic and inorganic components of bone are resorbed. The neutral collagenases that have been found in the vicinity of the resorptive process7.* may play a role in activating osteoclasts by their activity upon the lining cells or the organic surface of bone.y~iO


This paper addresses the long term challenges of electricity markets. First, the economic theory of the missing money problem is outlined. Additionally, a risk assessment of different market designs is pursued. Finally, we will conclude that both market and regulatory risks are important issues of the discussion. Due to the relatively high complexity of capacity markets it can be expected that there will be changes to the market design and to relevant parameters - in particular shortly after the first implementation of such mechanisms. This might increase the uncertainty perceived by investors. However, if the period of validity is long enough, i.e. the investors can calculate with a relatively stable revenue stream, a capacity market might be an instrument for reducing the risks perceived by investors and hence for facilitating the financing of investments in new energy generation capacity.


the outbreak of war in the autumn of 1939, and in anticipation of possible immediate and heavy air raids on the civil population of Great Britain, water authorities put into action plans for ensuring, as far as possible, the continuance of a safe and adequate water supply. Briefly, the problems of the authorities were: (1) to obtain rapid and accurate information of any damage ("incident") to mains and works; (2) to shut off, as soon as possible, any broken mains; (3) to minimize disturbance and loss of working time, through loss of pressure or water supply, and to provide drinking water; and (4) to repair the damage. These problems will be discussed in the following pages. In Great Britain, the general A.R.P. Service, under the control of the town clerk, or other authority establishes in each area a Central Control. At this center all reports concerning air raid incidents are received and sorted. Messages are sent in by police, air raid wardens, etc., reporting incidents on their patrols. A representative of the water authority attends at the center, or the water authority maintains a control center for its own use, and incidents concerning it are passed on from the Central Control. In many authorities the distribution section has been -the "Cinderella" of the service, but as heavy bombing is invariably on the cities and not on the outlying headworks, the distribution staff becomes vitally important. It follows therefore that its members should figure prominently in the control arrangements.


Objective:To confirm major TCM syndromes of large intestine Cancer on the basis of clinical survey and analysis. Methods:Make experts organized aforehand diagnose TCM syndromes of 311 patients suffering from large intestine Cancer on the basis of clinical epidemiological investigation and analyze their results according to opinion from statistical expert. Results:proportion of spleen-deficiency syndrome,spleen/stomach-deficiency syndrome,yinxu(huowang) syndrome,tanzhuoliuzhu syndrome,xueyu syndrome,xuere syndrome,ganqiyuzhi syndrome are beyond 20%,proportion of ganyinxu syndrome,shenyinxu syndrome,feiqixu syndrome,tanzhuoneisheng,shireneiyun syndrome,weichangjire syndrome are beyond 10%. Conclusions:spleen-deficiency syndrome,spleen/stomach-deficiency syndrome,yinxu(huowang)syndrome,tanzhuoliuzhu syndrome,xueyu syndrome,xuere syndrome,ganqiyuzhi syndrome,ganyinxu syndrome,shen-yinxu syndrome,feiqixu syndrome,tanzhuoneisheng,shireneiyun syndrome,weichangjire syndrome are major TCM syndromes of large intestine.


This document is designed for local communities (including cities, counties, tribes, etc.) who are encouraged to create disaster debris management plans.


We prepared a homologous series of dimeric liquid crystals, α‐(4‐cyanobiphenyl‐4′‐yloxy)‐ω‐[4‐(5‐alkylpyrimidine‐2‐yl)phenyloxy]alkanes (mPYnOCB), in which cyanobiphenyl and phenylpyrimidine moieties are connected via a flexible central spacer. We investigated the physical properties of mPYnOCB and of binary mixtures between the dimeric compounds. The interdigitated anticlinic smectic C (SmCanti) phase was found to be induced for some binary mixtures between the dimers with a different odd‐numbered spacer. Furthermore, a striped pattern was observed in the SmCanti phase of a homeotropically aligned sample. The striped pattern was propagated when the temperature of the sample was varied. We discuss the correlation between the structure of the SmCanti phase and the appearance of the striped pattern.


AbstractIntroduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is adisease primarily affecting women in their child-bearing years. SLE can affect any component of the respiratory system and manifest with pleuritis (with or without effusion), interstitial lung disease (ILD), alveolar hemorrhage, diaphragmatic weakness, pulmonary hypertension, airways disease, or pulmonary embolism. ILD occurs with a lower frequency in SLE compared with other connective tissue disease (CTD) subtypes. It is not known whether SLE-ILD differs from ILD in other CTD subtypes. Aim of the work: estimate the possible relationship between interstitial lung diseases and different antinuclear antibodies among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Patients and Methods: Cross sectional clinical study. A total of 100 SLE patients attending to Sohag University Hospitals will be included in the study. Patients included in this study will be classified as SLE patients according to either the 2012 SLICC criteria or the new 2017 ACR/EULAR SLE classification criteria. Results: ANA (antinuclear antibody) positivity, chest manifestations like (cough, dyspnea, expectoration, fever&hemoptysis) are predictive variates for SLE-ILD. Conclusion: We observed a population of SLE-ILD and concluded that ANA (antinuclear antibody) positivity, chest manifestations like (cough, dyspnea, expectoration, fever&hemoptysis) are predictive variates for SLE-ILD. Also ANAIF speckled pattern has specificity to SLE-ILD and AntiSS-A/Ro52KD antibody is more specific to SLE-ILD. We recommend HRCT and PFT scan in these SLE patients.


The incidence of a plane wave on a cylindrical inclusion located in a semi-infinite solid space with an inhomogeneous distribution of the rigidity at the boundary between inclusion-enclosing medium is considered. The cylindrical inclusion model is given. The solution is solved by the finite element method. Scattering indicatrices are given for different angles of incidence of a plane longitudinal wave. A significant effect of the coupling stiffness on the amplitude of the scattered field is shown.


The present invention relates to a monofilament knitted component comprises a full upper article of footwear. It describes footwear includes filaments complete upper. Completely knitted monofilament comprising an upper member, member comprising a braided monofilament woven element. Monofilament woven element formed by weaving monofilament thread. Including natural or synthetic twisted monofilament woven element as the knitting member perimeter portion knitting fibers together form a remaining portion integrally knit construction. Inlaid knitted tensile member may extend through the member, including some monofilament woven element. Monofilaments may be woven from monofilament thread elements in various woven structures.


"Cayley-Dickson doubling," starting from the real numbers, successively yields the complex numbers (dimension 2), quaternions (4), and octonions (8). Each contains all the previous ones as subalgebras. Famous Theorems, previously thought to be the last word, state that these are the full set of division (or normed) algebras with 1 over the real numbers. Their properties keep degrading: the complex numbers lose the ordering and self-conjugacy (x = x) properties of the reals; at the quaternions we lose commutativity; and at the octonions we lose associativity. If one keeps Cayley-Dickson doubling to get the 16-dimensional "sedenions," zero-divisors appear. We introduce a different doubling process which also produces the complexes, quaternions, and octonions, but keeps going to yield 2-dimensional normed algebraic structures, for every n > 0. Each contains all the previous ones as subalgebras. We'll see how these evade the Famous Impossibility Theorems. They also lead to a rational "vector product" operation in 2 − 1 dimensions for each k ≥ 2; this operation is impossible in other dimensions. But properties continue to degrade. The 16-ons lose distributivity, right-cancellation yx · x = y, flexibility a · ba = ab · a, and antiautomorphism ab = ba. The 32ons lose the properties that the solutions of generic division problems necessarily exist and are unique, and they lose the "Trotter product limit formula." We introduce an important new notion to topology we call "generalized smoothness." The 2-ons are generalized smooth for n ≤ 4. All the 2-ons have 1 and obey numerous identities including weakenings of the distributive, associative, and antiautomorphism laws. In the case of 16-ons these weakened distributivity laws characterize them, i.e. our 16-ons are, in a sense, unique and best-possible. Our 2-ons are also unique, albeit in a much weaker sense. The 2-ons with n ≤ 4 support a version of the fundamental theorem of algebra. Normed algebras (rational but not nec. distributive) over the reals are impossible in dimensions other than powers of 2.


19 ABOUT CAMPUS / SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2004 S HIFTS IN FEDERAL F I N A N C I A L aid policies over the past two decades have made college attendance increasingly difficult for the n a t i o n 's poorest students. F u rt h e rmore, once these students do enroll, they lag far behind their more economically a d vantaged peers in graduation rates. Because financial aid increasingly emphasizes loans over gr a n t s , m a ny poor students are leaving college with debt and no degre e, wo rse off financially than when they arrive d . Compounding the p ro blem are changes in the federal tax code giving tax credits and deductions to s u p p o rt higher education that apply to f ew low-income fa m i l i e s . In the face of these tro u bling deve l o p m e n t s , a number of s t r a t e gies for supporting poor students are ava i l a ble to educators . Adam Howa rd , who has re s e a rched ways to support poor students once they enro l l , talks with A rthur Lev i n e, p resident of Te a c h e rs College at Columbia Unive rs i t y, a b o u t the barri e rs that poor students face before and during college and what educators can do to help ove rcome them. L ev i n e 's best known work on the subject is his 1996 book Beating the Odd s : How the Poor Get to College, w ritten with Jana Niddifer. WHERE ARE THE POOR STUDENTS


Newly hatched quail were fed for 9 days with chick starter meal, or diets based upon 60% freeze-dried spoiled or nonspoiled tuna. The diets were fed alone, or with added histamine or putrescine. Histamine in the chick starter meal depressed weight gain while the putrescine had no apparent effect at the level used. The diets based upon 60% freeze-dried spoiled tuna significantly depressed weight gain when compared to the nonspoiled tuna diets. No significant effect was observed when histamine was added to nonspoiled tuna diets at levels equaling or exceeding that in the spoiled fish. Quail might be useful bioassay animals for the isolation and identification of toxic factors in canned spoiled tuna fish.


Chitin and chitosan are new kinds of feed additives.Chitosan,the product of N-deacetylation of chitin has biological functions on reducing body fat and cholesterol,animal growth and immunity activity due to its versatile anti-tumor activity,immuno-enhancing effects,antimicrobial activity,antifungal activity and fat-inhibiting effects.Research advances in chitin and chitosan nutrition covering physic-biological functions,nutritional efficacy of chitin and chitosan supplemented in animal diet were reviewed.


We present the development of the digital fuzzy controller for maximum power regulation. A hybrid system that comprises wind and photovoltaic generation subsystems, and battery bank is developed in this paper. We use Takaki-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model to deal with the power regulation problem, since each power generator has complex nonlinear terms. The problem for regulation control can be simplified into a stabilization one. Also, in order to utilize the advanced digital device, we perform the intelligent digital redesign method. Finally, the performance of the proposed controller is extensively assessed through computer simulation.


Background
Recently, minimally invasive surgical approaches have been developed, typified by video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). A meticulous surgical procedure to prevent local recurrence is required during segmentectomy for clinical stage I non-small-cell primary lung cancer. In this article, we demonstrated the validity of hybrid VATS segmentectomy.

Methods
Of these 125 patients, 62 (49.6%) underwent intensively radical segmentectomy (RS). The remaining 63 (50.4%) patients underwent palliative segmentectomy (PS). We used two 2-cm ports and performed a muscle-sparing mini-thoracotomy in which a partially open metal retractor allowed direct, thoracoscopic visualization as hybrid VATS segmentectomy in 63.2% of our cases.

Results
The consolidation/tumor ratio obtained with thin-sliced computed tomography was significantly lower in RS cases than in PS cases (P=0.001). The proportion of pathological stage IA cases was significantly higher in RS cases (95.2%) than in PS cases (66.7%; P<0.01). Five-year overall survival (OS) for clinical stage I was 100.0% in RS cases and 73.5% in PS cases (log-rank P<0.001). Five-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 95.5% and 55.7%, respectively (log-rank P<0.001).

Conclusions
During segmentectomy, the most critical consideration is establishment of sufficient surgical margins around the cancer. Our hybrid approach that includes meticulous surgical manipulations may produce sufficient surgical margins.


Ion Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor (ISFET)-based sensors with fluorinated-hafnium oxide (HfO2) thin film fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and thermal carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) plasma posttreatment was investigated for pK detection. The developed fluorinated-HfO2 ISFET is highly sensitive to K ions (59.5 mV/pK) in the concentration range between 0.01 and 100 mM. When compared to the same structure without plasma treatment, the sensitivity was improved by fourteenfold.


Efficient management of resources in a federation of interacting computing servers and devices, for example, in a cloud computing environment, requires a load-balancing system that is self-regulatory and oblivious in nature. Due to the increasing size of data centers and their distribution across the globe, centralized load-balancing approaches suffer significant deficiencies in terms of communication overhead caused by the need to collect state dependent information. The technology of the cloud in its current state runs as many as 200 virtual machines on a single server, which clearly shows the importance of studying distributed load-balancing systems in the cloud. In the present paper, the federation of cloud servers is modeled as a complex network. In a complex network the structure and dynamics of the underlying system are encoded in the network topology itself. A method using random walks on complex networks for discovering free resources in a Cloud Server Network is given. The given method is used to balance the overall load on the network by equalising loads on overloaded and underloaded nodes without the need of a global load balancer. Simulation results are obtained through Network Simulator Version 2, which show that the proposed load-balancing scheme performs well for a large network by uniformly distributing the workload among the servers in polynomial time.


The PM motors are considered to be a very promising design alternative for high-speed applications such as compressors, vacuum pumps, turbine generators, flywheel energy-storage systems, drilling tools, friction welding units, etc. This paper presents the electromagnetic field analysis of high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for FCEV air compressor using analytical method. The magnetic field by PM and winding current considering slotting effect are presented. Based on field solutions, flux density, unbalanced magnetic force, and design parameters such as back-EMF are derived and compared with FEM results.


This paper proposes a novel type of fast convergence robust controller for a non-laminated magnetic bearing system whose dynamics is governed by a non-commensurate fractional order model. The key feature of this approach is the use of Fractional Order PID sliding manifolds and the appropriate sliding mode control law developed to assure the robustness. The stability of the closed loop system is ensured by the fractional-order stability theorems. Under the stable performance of system, the parameters of sliding mode surface are tuned by the given crossover frequency and the phase margin. Finally, simulations are carried out to indicate the effectiveness of the proposed robust fractional-order controller.


In ultrasonic wire bonding the required vibrations are generated by an ultrasonic transducer driven in its longitudinal mode. Asymmetries lead to additional orthogonal motions, which result in unwanted fluctuating normal forces in the friction contact. In this publication, a novel design of an ultrasonic transducer with control actuators is presented. The parasitic vibrations are damped in an active control and by the semi-active piezoelectric shunt damping with inductance-resistance networks. A Finite-Element model is developed to optimize the dimensions and the placement of the piezoceramics and to tune the electrical networks. Measurements are conducted on a prototype transducer which validate the simulation results.


Naphthalimides have been receiving continuous attention for their outstanding
performance in treating cancer. However, as a class of cytotoxic anti-tumor agents, their toxic side effects
greatly limit their clinical application. Therefore, developing naphthalimide reagents with good selectivity
for tumor cells is of great importance.

A class of TEMPO-modified naphthalimide derivatives substituted with oxygen
at the 6-position were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for the anti-tumor activity in vitro against
three cancer cell lines (A549, MCF-7, and HeLa) as well as one normal human liver cell line (QSG-7701)
by MTT assay. HRMS (or MS) and EPR spectra were used to identify the structures of target compounds.
The UV–vis titration absorption spectra were performed to study the interaction between compounds and
DNA.

The target compounds NT3, NT9, NT10, NT11, and NT12 exhibited moderate inhibition to all
the three tested tumor cell lines, while NT1, NT2, and NT4 showed selectivity against A549, All the target
compounds did not show measurable activities in QSG-7701, which imply the target compounds are
likely to overcome the nonspecific toxicity against normal cells. UV-vis spectra showed this class of
compounds could effectively intercalate into DNA and selectively bind to G-C base pairs.

A novel class of TEMPO-modified naphthalimide derivatives substituted with oxygen at 6-
position and the preliminary discussion on their SARs provide promising opportunities to guide further
research on naphthalimide derivatives as anti-tumor agents.


The cable stayed bridges represent key points in transport networks and their seismic behaviour need to be fully understood.This type of bridge, however is light and f lexible and has a low level of inherent damping. Consequen t ly, thery are susceptible to ambient excitation from seismic loads. Since the geometric and dynamic properities of the bridges as well as the characteristics of the excitations are complex, it is n ecessary to fully understand the mechanism of the interaction among the structural components with re asonable bridge shapes. This paper discus se s the dynamic response of a cable stayed bridge under seismic loadings. All p ossible sources of nonlinearity , su ch cable sag, axial - force - bending moment interaction in bridge towers a nd girders and change of geomet ry of the whole bridge due to large displacement are based on the utilization of the tangent stiffness matrix of the bridge at the dead - load deformed stat e which is obtained from the geometry of the bridge under gravity load conditions ,iterative procedure is utilized to capture the non - linear seismic response and different step by step integration schemes are used for the integration of motion equations . I n this study, t hree spans cable - stayed bridge with different cable systems has been analyzed by three dimensional nonlinearity finite element method. The three dimensional bridge model is prepared on SAP 2000 ver.14 software andt ime history analys e s were p erformed to assess the conditions of the bridge structure under a postulated design earthquake of 0.5g. The results are demonstrated to fully understand the mechanism of the deck - stay interaction with the appropriate shapes of a cable stayed bridges. (Faye z K. Abdel Seed, Hamdy H. Ahmed, Shehata E. Abdel Raheemand Yasser Abdel Shafy . Dynamic Non - Linear Behaviour of Cable Stayed Bridges Under Seismic Loadings . Life Sci J 2013; 10( 4 ): 3 725 - 3 741 ) (ISSN: 1097 - 8135). ht tp://www.lifesciencesite.com . 501


SYNOPSIS

Developing and mature dental enamel, together with early carious lesions, have been examined, using both the electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The most abundant component in enamel is calcium phosphate, the crystallites of which are embedded in an organic matrix. This matrix has two main components, one of which, β-keratin, has a greater density than the second, a protein. It is this less dense protein which is first attacked and removed during the onset of dental caries—without this initial solution the remainder of the carious process would not take place.

It is suggested that the results of this investigation, together with reported facts, are consistent with there being a vitamin required for the correct formation of the protein matrix, analogous to the need of vitamin A for the formation of bone matrix. If this is so, then caries could be regarded as a vitamindeficiency disease, complicated by a secondary bacterial invasion.


We present a practical method for autonomous synthesis of appropriate admittance behavior for robust high-precision robotic assembly. Because our approach relies on online learning of the appropriate admittance through repeated attempts at the assembly operation, we are able to circumvent the problems alternative approaches have in trying to model the interactions between the robot and its environment. Test results on the peg-in-hole insertion task show that the performance of our approach compares favorably with that of other methods recently proposed for high-precision chamferless peg-in-hole insertion.<<ETX>>


: Multinational companies, or so-called multi-national companies, are among the important economic models that invade developing economic societies to control their assets and exploit their wealth to satisfy their personal interests, claiming the economic development of these countries, although the budget of these companies sometimes exceeds the budget of certain countries, which causes an exacerbation of the crisis. The economics of these countries and the search in the system of multinational companies or nationalities according to the dimension of designations is important in studying the legal and economic impact that these companies have on the economies of countries, especially the developing ones.


The student administration work of public security colleges and universities should,based on the realization of police-specialized management,embody the humanistic management"Human Orientated"concept.Police-specialized management and humanistic management should be organically combined to establish a new-type student administration model in accordance with the development of public security colleges and universities.


The paper discusses some aspects of road network planning and local traffic management in smaller urban areas. The need for more attention to this subject is emphasised by a discussion of comparative accident rates, the rate of population growth, and emphasis on network planning rather than ad hoc decisions within the confines of design standards. The nature of road hierarchies and the "classical" model are discussed, leading to doubts about the latter's general validity and its applicability to smaller urban areas. The problems caused by conflicting access and traffic functions of roads are highlighted by the middle range of road types (the distributors). These problems underlie several suggestions for town network planning, which could be aimed more directly at road safety. The paper concludes with a discussion of local street management techniques aimed at safety and amenity improvements, including some problems of implementation, and presents preliminary results of responses from smaller cities and towns in a national survey of current practices. /Author/TRRL/


There are many different fields in which wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can be used such as environmental monitoring, healthcare, military, and security. Due to the vulnerability of WSNs, reliability is a critical concern. Evaluation of a WSN's reliability is essential during the design process and when evaluating WSNs' performance. Current research uses the reliability block diagram (RBD) technique, based on component functioning or failure state, to evaluate reliability. In this study, a new methodology-based RBD, to calculate the energy reliability of various proposed chain models in WSNs, is presented. A new method called D-Chain is proposed, to form the chain starting from the nearest node to the base station (BS) and to choose the chain head based on the minimum distance D, and Q-Chain is proposed, to form the chain starting from the farthest node from the BS and select the head based on the maximum weight, Q. Each chain has three different arrangements: single chain/single-hop, multi-chain/single-hop, and multi-chain/multi-hop. Moreover, we applied dynamic leader nodes to all of the models mentioned. The simulation results indicate that the multi Q-Chain/single-hop has the best performance, while the single D-Chain has the least reliability in all situations. In the grid scenario, multi Q-Chain/single-hop achieved better average reliability, 11.12 times greater than multi D-Chain/single-hop. On the other hand, multi Q-Chain/single-hop achieved 6.38 times better average reliability than multi D-Chain/single-hop, in a random scenario.


The aim of this study is to find out the effects of chronic heat stress on ratio between heterophils and lymphocyte of broiler. Twenty broilers with 3 weeks age divide into two different groups. Group one is for control (P0) with ten broilers stay in a cage with joyful condition and group two is for treatment (P1) with ten broilers stay at the cage with heat stress exposed. It happened for 3 weeks. After that, collect data of the blood of ten broilers to check the heterophils and lymphocyte. After got the data, data was analyzed with independent T test. The result is chronic heat stress significantly increasing ratio of heterophils and lymphocyte p = 0,000 (p<0,05). The conclusion of this research is chronic heat stress could decrease the lymphocyte and increase the heterophils, and increase the ratio of heterophils and lymphocyte, which is this ratio could be the indicator of stress in Broiler.


Iodine is an important trace element and is one of main constituent of thyroid hormones. In this study, a method was developed for which can be applied routine iodide analysis in environmental and biological samples. The method based on substochiometric isotope dilution analysis (IDA). Iodide concentrations have been measured in several media such as urine, drinking water, milk and commercial salts.


We prove a Chern-Lashof type formula computing the expected number of critical points of smooth function on a smooth manifold $M$ randomly chosen from a finite dimensional subspace $V\subset C^\infty(M)$ equipped with a Gaussian probability measure. We then use this formula this formula to find the asymptotics of the expected number of critical points of a random linear combination of a large number eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on the round sphere, tori, or a products of two round spheres. In the case $M=S^1$ we show that the number of critical points of a trigonometric polynomial of degree $\leq \nu$ is a random variable $Z_\nu$ with expectation $E(Z_\nu)\sim 2\sqrt{0.6}\,\nu$ and variance $var(Z_\nu)\sim c\nu$ as $\nu\to \infty$, $c\approx 0.35$.


In the relatively brief history of early childhood special education, various events have exerted substantial influence on the nature and focus of service provision: legislative events, the development of journals, the accumulation of research, and the description of developmentally appropriate practices by the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). Legislative initiatives resulted in fiscal resources and policy shifts. For example, passage of PL 90-538 in 1968 started the Handicapped Children's Early Education Program (now called the Early Education Program for Children with Disabilities). This program funded numerous model demonstration projects, outreach endeavors, and research institutes that had consistent and enduring impacts on the field. Likewise, passage of PL 99-457 in 1986 and the subsequent amendments have increased the probability of making free appropriate public education a reality for preschoolers with disabilities. Professional periodicals specifically devoted to early intervention and early childhood special education have appeared in the past 15 years. Examples are the Journal of Early Intervention (first published in 1979), Topics in Early Childhood Special Education (first published in 1981), and Infants and Young Children (first published in 1988). These journals, among others, offer authors in the field a forum for disseminating their findings and insights to readers whose primary interest is service provision for young children with disabilities. In addition, the accumulation of research and experience in various areas of service delivery has caused substantial shifts in what is viewed as acceptable practice. Two salient examples of these shifts are the move toward family-centered/focused early education programs and the shift toward providing classroom-based services in integrated settings. From the 1960s through the early 1980s, families often were viewed as resources to conduct home-based interventions for children and as subjects of training provided by program personnel (Cartwright, 1981 ). Drawing on a family systems perspective (Foster, Berger, & McLean, 1981), however, investigators began to study and report alternative approaches. These alternatives (e.g., Bailey et al., 1986; Dunst, 1985; Dunst, Trivette, & Deal, 1988) have been shown to be attractive and effective; thus, they currently are viewed as acceptable practice (Dunst, Trivette, Starnes, Hamby, & Gordon, 1993). Similarly, the first classroom-based services for young children with disabilities often were segregated programs for children with heterogenous disabilities. In the early 1970s,


Characteristics and methane production potential of rural biomass waste in China were analyzed.Controlling factors of anaerobic digestion technology for rural biomass waste and typical cases of dry and wet systems were introduced.


The stability of one-dimensional discretized convection-diffusion equation was analyzed at different boundary conditions. All the existing analysis methods are based on five assumptions: one-dimensional, linear, source-free, uniform grid and first kind boundary condition. It is found that the critical grid Peclet number based on the existing analysis method is the most severe requirement for convective stability Computations were carried out for CDS and QUICK schemes, and much larger critical grid Peclet number were obtained for non-first king boundary conditions. It is also found that the stability of the discretized scheme is only dependent on the boundary condition at the downstream end of the computational region.


OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare the clinical efficacy of an integrated approach to prevent and treat the recurrence of moderate-to-severe intrauterine adhesions (IUA) after hysteroscopic transcervical resection of adhesion (TCRA). METHODS: The study included a total of 70 patients with moderate-to-severe IUAs who underwent TCRA. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group (n=35) and control group n=35). In the treatment group, patients underwent balloon uterine stent placement and artificial cycle as well as received intrauterine perfusion of Danshen injection and oral Chinese medicine. In the control group, patients underwent balloon uterine stent placement and artificial cycle as well as received hyaluronic acid sodium and intrauterine device (IUD). Follow-up was performed after treatment of uterine cavity, menstruation and pregnancy. RESULTS: After 3 months of treatment, we observed a significantly lower rate of intrauterine re-adhesion (45.71% versus 77.14%, p=0.044) and significantly higher clinical efficiency (82.86% versus 77.14%, p=0.025) in the treatment group than those in the control group. After 6 months of treatment, we observed a significantly higher clinical efficiency in the treatment group than that in the control group (88.57% versus 68.57%, p=0.039). During the follow-up period, the pregnancy rate was 45.71% and 37.14% in the treatment group and control group, respectively, although the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.628). CONCLUSIONS: After surgical management of IUA, the integrated treatment combining a uterus stent placement and artificial cycle with Danshen injection and oral Chinese medicine can improve the condition of menstruation, and prevent and treat recurrence of IUA.


An earthquake with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 7.1 and a local magnitude of 6.7 occurred at 13:41 local time on October 23, 2011 in the Van province of eastern Turkey, which is known to experience large earthquakes in the past. As previous earthquakes did, this earthquake also caused heavy damages to buildings and other structures particularly in the town of Erciş. Collapse of numerous residential and commercial buildings resulted in 604 fatalities and 2608 injuries during the main shock. Following a brief outline of geology, seismo-tectonics and geotechnical conditions in the town of Erciş, an evaluation of strong ground motion characteristics and structural damage are described and the findings and lessons learned from this earthquake are presented.


The uncertainties encountered in the stability analysis for the foundation of the Ekofisk Tank are formulated in probabilistic terms and used to evaluate the reliability of the foundation design. The major sources of uncertainty are: shear strength of the soil, wave loads, porepressure generation under repeated loads, and methods of analysis. The results show that the conservative assumptions and low safety factor, based on the information available at the time of design, lead to a reliability that is close to those reported for other offshore foundations in the North Sea. About the same reliability is obtained by an estimate made on the basis of current knowledge. This study demonstrates the use of reliability analysis in designs involving complex loadings and inadequate knowledge on soil behavior. The procedures are comparatively simple and may be applied to new designs to help the engineer in making decisions about safety factors.


Map of Frank A. Miller's Subdivision in the City of Abilene, Texas bordered by Pine, Frederick, Eugene, and North 15th streets, and divided by Wilson Avenue. The block is divided into numbered segments showing property divisions. Scale 1:1,200.


The invention discloses online product recommendation and selection method, device and system, relating to the technical field of online product recommendation. The method comprises the following steps of sending an online product selection request to a server, and receiving the statistical information on the online product used by the social party of a user so as to make the user determine whether the online product is selected or not according to the statistical information, wherein the statistical information is sent by the server. By utilizing the invention, the user can conveniently and efficiently select the required online product.


Abstract Processed spent bleaching earth (PSBE) is the end product derived from the processing of de-oiled spent bleaching earth (SBE) after the oil is recovered. Bleaching earth is very fine powder clay, and its main component is silicon dioxide used for refining process of palm oil and its by product is known as SBE is commonly disposed to landfill. The bleaching earth that is used for decolouring during the palm oils refining process form a solid sludge called the SBE. The SBE is generated in large quantities and it is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the disposal of SBE when production of palm oil increases rapidly. Hence, the problem can be overcome by reusing solid waste as construction materials. In this study, the effect of using PSBE as a partial cement replacement in foamed concrete on durability resistance sulphate attack is investigated. Sulphate resistance in terms of expansion, loss in mass and loss in compressive strength after 52 weeks immersed in 5% sodium sulphate was evaluated. On the other hand, the microstructure changes in the specimens were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Comparisons are made between two mixtures which main ly control foamed concrete (FC) and foamed concrete containing 30% PSBE (PFC). Major findings show that when 30% PSBE added in a concrete mixture, after 52 weeks samples being immersed in 5% sodium sulphate, it will be more durable compared to control specimen (FC). It was recorded that change in mass, in expansion and loss in strength was 1.32%, 0.98% and 7.5% respectively. The microstructure study has confirmed that inclusion of PSBE in foamed concrete is known to improve the internal structure of PFC to be denser than control FC specimen with the visible image of crowded tiny of cotton shaped (CSH) and few hexagonal plates (CH) contributing to enhanced strength and durability. Conclusively, the foamed concrete containing 30% PSBE as partial cement replacement which exhibits enhanced strength and durability than plain foamed concrete has the potential to be used in construction application.


While contrail formation requires environments which are at least saturated with respect to ice, a majority of in situ observations in contrails shows values clearly below ice saturation. The reasons for that systematic deviation might be caused e.g. by measurement biases in absolute humidity and temperature or by contrail dynamics. The formation of vortices within a wing span behind the aircraft, their descent and the interaction with the ambient atmosphere may cause a decrease in saturation and spatially very inhomogeneous RHi fields in contrails.
In order to improve the instrumental uncertainties, we further developed an accurate and fast method for airborne humidity measurements in the upper troposphere, the Atmospheric Ionization Mass Spectrometer (AIMS) with in-flight calibration. Inside its ion source ambient water vapor is directly ionized and the produced water vapor clusters H3O+(H2O)n are detected with the mass spectrometer as a direct measure of absolute ambient humidity. The AIMS instrument is calibrated in-flight with a catalytic water vapor calibration source. The time resolution of better than 4 Hz allows for humidity measurements on horizontal scales of 50 m. This new method differs significantly from previously used airborne hygrometers. Therefore our observations could provide a complementary piece in the ice-saturation puzzle and new insights to the set of, obviously difficult, humidity measurements in the upper troposphere. Here, we present water vapor measurements in young contrails performed during the CONCERT2011 (CONtrail and Cirrus ExpeRimenT) campaign onboard the DLR research aircraft Falcon. We distinguish between contrail, cirrus and clear sky observations using information on the extinction and the mixing ratio of reactive nitrogen (NOy) detected onboard the Falcon. We find differences in the distributions of relative humidity over ice (RHi) inside and out of contrails in clear-sky and cirrus environments. Further we investigate RHi profiles from different contrail producing passenger aircraft, 2 Boeing 777 and an Airbus 321. In contrast to most previous observations, our measurements generally confirm simulated RHi distributions in aircraft exhaust plumes.


Megestrol acetate (megace) is used to boost appetite and weight in AIDS patients with cachexia (see ACC, Nov 94, p 96). Theoretically, because it is a


We prove that the preimage of a germ of a singular analytic hypersurface under a germ of a finite holomorphic map $g: (\mathbb{C}^n,0) \rightarrow (\mathbb{C}^n,0)$ is again singular. This provides a generalization of previous results of this nature by Ebenfelt-Rothschild [Comm. Anal. Geom. 15 (2007), no. 2, 491-507], Lebl [arXiv:0812.2498], and Denkowski [Manuscripta Math. 149 (2016), no. 1-2, 83-91]. The same statement is proved for pullbacks of singular codimension one holomorphic foliations.


Yoshio Mikami,the most important foreign historian of Chinese mathematics at the beginning of the 20thcentury,was the first great master of history of mathematics studying the history of Chinese mathematics with the help the modern method.He had not only played an important part in the circle of the history of mathematics in the world,but also exerted an influence on Li Yan and Qian Baocong who were the founders of the history of Chinese mathematics in China.He helped the West to know the traditional Chinese mathematics,and made a great contribution to the mathematical cultural exchange between China and the West.


According to the automatic control theory,the influences of the current equivalent circuit,the voltage amplifier and the charge amplifier on dynamic characteristics of a piezoelectric sensor are highly analyzed and investigated.Based on the analyses of the transfer functions for the voltage amplifier and the charge amplifier,it is pointed out that the transfer function of the voltage measurement can be demposed into two terms,that is,a first order system and a second order system.Because the first order system exists,the voltage measurement system cannot be used for measuring d.c.and slowly varying signals.This disadvantage is overcome by introducing a charge amplifier.The steady state sensitivity of the charge measurement system is d/C_F,which depends only on the feedback capacitance C_F of the charge amplifier,and is independent of transducer and cable capacitances.Therefore,in order to effectively employ piezoelectric effect,the charge measurement system with a charge amplifier is recommended.


Actions description languages (ADLs), such as STRIPS, PDDL, and RDDL specify the input format for planning algorithms. Unfortunately, their syntax is familiar to planning experts only, and not to potential users of planning technology. Moreover, this syntax limits the ability to describe complex and large domains. We argue that programming languages (PLs), and more specifically, probabilistic programming languages (PPLs), provide a more suitable alternative. PLs are familiar to all programmers, support complex data types and rich libraries for their manipulation, and have powerful constructs, such as loops, sub-routines, and local variables with which complex, realistic models and complex objectives can be simply and naturally specified. PPLs, specifically, make it easy to specify distributions, which is essential for stochastic models. The natural objection to this proposal is that PLs are opaque and too expressive, making reasoning about them difficult. However, PPLs also come with efficient inference algorithms, which, coupled with a growing body of work on sampling-based and gradient-based planning, imply that planning and execution monitoring can be carried out efficiently in practice. In this paper, we expand on this proposal, illustrating its potential with examples.


The values of local wisdom that are reflected in the service influences the satisfaction of tourists (Astina, 2017). Local wisdom is displayed in the daily life of the people, including the use of local languages. Bali as a cultural community certainly has that identity of language, in addition to religious and political systems, customs, tools, clothing, buildings and artwork. This study aims to identify the use of Balinese Language within the restaurant sequence of service. Kuta and Sanur are the sampling setting since the two are indicators of Tourism destination. The use of Balinese language expressions were also recognized from   the teaching and learning in the hospitality classroom to see the gap. The study displayed the use of Balinese Language 'matur suksma'(=thank you)  in the sequence of service and is a subject of English Language material development in the area of food and beverage service. Keywords: Service, Local Wisdom, Language Function, Food and Beverage Service


Abstract The pollen of fourteen species of Stenandrium Nees from Africa and Madagascar has been examined using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and selectively with transmission electron microscopy. The pollen exhibits an interesting range of variation. Four pollen types are described. Pollen Type I is usually prolate, tricolpate and has colpi without margines. In one collection of Stenandrium humile (Mabberley 995) irregular 4–6-colpatc grains occur. Pollen Type II is oblate spheroidal to prolate spheroidal, 3–6-colpate with irregular apertures. Pollen Type III is perprolate, tricolpate and the colpi have prominent margines. Abnormally-shaped grains were found in one collection of Stenandrium afromontanum (Lovett & Congdon 3068). Pollen Type IV is prolate to perprolatc, tricolpate with prominent margines and mesocolpial ridges. Because of the high level of abnormality encountered, material from each species, according to availability, was tested for the presence or absence of cytoplasmic co...


The spike glycoprotein, expressed on the virion envelope, mediates many biological properties of Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), including receptor attachment, fusion of viral and cell membranes during entry, cell-to cell fusion during viral spread, and immune activation. MHV-A59 and MHV2 are two closely related strains of MHV that differ in pathogenicity. Both MHV-A59 and MHV2 cause hepatitis and meningitis. In addition to this, MHV-A59 causes demyelination, axonal loss and syncytia formation in both in vitro and in vivo. The recombinant strains of MHV, RSA59 and RSMHV2 are isogenic (background is from MHV- A59 in both the strains) except for spike gene. The spike gene of RSA59 is from MHV-A59 and that of RSMHV2 is from MHV-2. RSA59 retains pathological properties of MHV- A59, including its ability to induce cell to cell fusion, whereas, RSMHV2 is unable to cause cell to cell fusion and impaired in causing demyeliantion. Previous studies showed that spike protein is one of the major determinants of MHV induced demyelination and also play a role in cell-to cell fusion but so far no studies are available to know whether spike protein mediated cell to cell fusion has any role in demyelination. RSA59 spike protein is cleaved into two subunits, S1 and S2 whereas RSMHV2 spike protein is not cleaved, making the cleavage domain a potential target that can account to the functional differences in fusogenicity. To study the role of cleavage domain of spike protein in cell-to cell fusion we are generating a recombinant RSA59 strain where the cleavage domain is exchanged with RSMHV2 by targeted RNA recombination. Our preliminary in vitro studies demonstrated that cleavage site mutated recombinant strain of RSA59 did not completely abolish its fusogenic properties. Experiments are in progress to characterize the newly generated strain and its pathogenecity in vivo in C57BL/6 mice.


This bachelor thesis focuses on opportunities of using sponsorship activities when building or managing a brand. The theoretical part establishes conceptions such as corporate identity, image, branding, brand equity, sponsorship and sports sponsorship. The practical part of this bachelor thesis introduces the brand Gambrinus, analyzes its visual identity and sponsorship activities. Thesis is furthermore accompanied by case studies related to the topic of sponsorship and a questionnaire that investigates the relationship between sponsorship activities of the Gambrinus brand and its perception and familiarity among youthful consumers.


In an islanded microgrid composed of multiple droop controlled parallel distributed generators (DGs), the bus voltage and frequency are likely to drop, which is harmful for the operation of some sensitive loads and would trigger system protection in some extreme cases. To address this issue, a distributed voltage and frequency restoration method for islanded microgrid is proposed. A low-bandwidth, unidirectional ring-like communication network is used in the proposed distributed control to reduce the communication burden. With this, the voltage and frequency compensation terms, which are able to come to consensus in steady states, are added to droop equations. Consequently, AC bus voltage and frequency are able to approach to their nominal values. The system structure and the operational principle of the proposed distributed control method are analyzed in detail, followed by which the validity and feasibility of the proposed method is verified via simulations.


Non-coding RNAs in Cardiac Remodeling and Heart Failure Print ISSN: 0009-7330. Online ISSN: 1524-4571 Copyright © 2013 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation Research doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.300226 2013;113:676-689 Circ Res. http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/113/6/676 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/suppl/2013/08/16/CIRCRESAHA.113.300226.DC1.html Data Supplement (unedited) at:


For a family of operator inclusions with convex closed-valued right-hand sides in Banach spaces, the existence of solutions is obtained by chiefly using Ky Fan's fixed point principle. The main result of the paper improves Theorem 1 in [16] as well as Theorem 2.2 of [3]. Some meaningful concrete cases are also presented and discussed.


At the opening of the 21st century it is clear that increasing globalisation will remain one of the most important long term influences on the evolution of the international economy and international political structures. The controversial nature of globalisation is self-evident from the increasing intensity of antiglobalisation demonstrations at meetings of international bodies such as the World Trade Organisation. While the actual nature of globalisation, the direction in which it will take the world and the costs and benefits that will result are still contestable, it is clear that the main, and certainly the most effective, drivers are economic. Nations are primarily concerned to set in place structures that promote the free movement of capital including the freedom of multinational companies to locate and relocate around the world, and to promote free trade in goods and services. While non-economic values such as environmental protection and social and labour rights are not excluded from the debates setting these structures in place, they are largely marginal to it. One symbol of this marginalisation is that the ILO, unlike the World Bank, IMF and OECD, does not enjoy observer status at the WTO in spite of the rhetoric of concern for such rights from member states of the Organisation. As McCrudden and Davies explain,1 this exclusion is the result of a major and continuing division between developed and developing countries within the WTO that in the 1990s prevented agreement on any tangible measures in the Marrakesh agreements and that has continued to block subsequent progress. The stark divisions between these groups became even more apparent at the Singapore Ministerial meeting in 1996 when an invitation to the head of the ILO to speak was withdrawn. The only tangible result was a weak statement to the effect that members agreed that labour standards should be upheld but that this should be done through the ILO and not the WTO. The suspicion of developing countries that any link between trade and labour standards will lead to increased protectionism is almost certainly justified. Experience within the WTO to date provides little reason for developing countries to have any great faith in the undertakings of the developed world. Developing countries have seen the promises of movement toward freer trade that might benefit them fade into the distance while at the same time the undertakings they entered into are increasingly used to their disadvantage.2


Currently, many theoretical as well as practically relevant questions towards the transferability and robustness of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) remain unsolved. While ongoing research efforts are engaging these problems from various angles, in most computer vision related cases these approaches can be generalized to investigations of the effects of distribution shifts in image data. In this context, we propose to study the shifts in the learned weights of trained CNN models. Here we focus on the properties of the distributions of dominantly used 3×3 convolution filter kernels. We collected and publicly provide a dataset with over 1.4 billion filters from hundreds of trained CNNs, using a wide range of datasets, architectures, and vision tasks. In a first use case of the proposed dataset, we can show highly relevant properties of many publicly available pre-trained models for practical applications: I) We analyze distribution shifts (or the lack thereof) between trained filters along different axes of meta-parameters, like visual category of the dataset, task, architecture, or layer depth. Based on these results, we conclude that model pre-training can succeed on arbitrary datasets if they meet size and variance conditions. II) We show that many pre-trained models contain degenerated filters which make them less robust and less suitable for fine-tuning on target applications. Data & Project website: https://github.com/paulgavrikov/cnn-filter-db.


Zooplankton, more specifically three taxonomic groups: Phylum Rotifera; Subclass Copepoda; and Suborder Cladocera, are an integral component of freshwater ecosystems. At the local level there are a variety of factors which have been indentified that influence zooplankton species richness and/or diversity: lake area (Dodson 1992; Dodson et al. 2000), lake depth (Keller & Conlon, 1994), turbidity (Scheffer, 1998), predation (Brooks & Dodson, 1965), and competition (Shurin, 2000). The primary goal of this investigation was to describe the diversity of the pelagic zooplankton communities within several mountain lakes and reservoirs located in the Mission Mountains, and assess if any of the recorded physical characteristics of study sites influence these assemblages. Sampling was conducted in between July 2 and July 7, 2007 within eleven lakes/reservoirs located within four watersheds located in the Mission Mountain Range on the Flathead Indian Reservation: Upper and Lower Jocko Lakes in the Jocko River Drainage; Lucifer Lake and Mission Reservoir in the Mission Creek Drainage; Twin Lakes and Saint Mary's Lake in the Dry Creek Drainage; and Frog Lakes, Summit and McDonald Lake in the Post Creek Drainage. A positive correlation existed only between calculated Shannon Index values and lake/reservoir area (p = 0.009; df = 1; F = 11.366). Though this investigation yields little in terms of statistical significance, several factors were eliminated and several were identified as potentially having an effect on zooplankton diversity with the study sites. Introduction Zooplankton, more specifically three taxonomic groups: Phylum Rotifera; Subclass Copepoda; and Suborder Cladocera, are an integral component of freshwater ecosystems. Not only does zooplankton provide sustenance for higher trophic levels, but they are also a critical element in the control of algal blooms via herbivory. The role of algal control becomes even more crucial in temperate lakes and ponds which experience vernal peaks in phytoplankton populations. At the local level there are a variety of factors which have been indentified that influence zooplankton species richness and/or diversity: lake area (Dodson 1992; Dodson et al. 2000), lake depth (Keller & Conlon, 1994), turbidity (Scheffer, 1998), predation (Brooks & Dodson, 1965), and competition (Shurin, 2000). Many such studies have assumed lakes and ponds are closed units even though dispersal and colonization events have been identified as factors influencing species richness and diversity (Cottenie & De Meester, 2003). Cottenie & De Meester (2003) suggest that lakes with similar environmental conditions may contain different species compositions because of different chances of colonization and extinction for each species. In western Montana on the Flathead Indian Reservation lies one of the world's largest freshwater, oligotrophic lakes, Flathead Lake. The zooplankton community within the lake has been well documented and remains the focus of researchers who are documenting the introduction of non-native species over the past 100 years. The Mission Mountains, also located within the reservation boundaries, contain numerous glacial filled alpine lakes, reservoirs, and streams. However unlike Flathead Lake, the zooplankton communities within these lakes, reservoirs, and streams have received little attention. The lakes within the Mission Mountains are relatively young having formed with the most recent glaciation meaning there has been limited time for colonization by local fauna. Unlike with many aquatic organisms, dispersal of zooplankton does not seem to be limited by waterways. Terrestrial vectors, such as aquatic birds or mammals may aid in the dispersal of zooplankton species and become increasingly important in locations which lack the potential for aquatic dispersal due to various migration barriers. Regardless of the mode of dispersal species must still successfully establish within a habitat, which is contingent on a variety of biotic and abiotic factors. Natural means of dispersal and colonization could be considered to be random events that can happen over a great temporal scale and may have been historically restricted to native species. Recent introductions of native and non-native fishes into some of the mountain lakes/reservoirs located within the Missions may have also resulted in the unintentional introduction of various zooplankton species, native and non-native, which may have potentially established viable populations within a system. These introductions may potentially result in alterations in a system's diversity which may affect the overall stability of a system. The relationship between species diversity and system stability is a central issue in ecological research and has recently gained renewed attention in light of widespread, human-induced alterations of global biodiversity (Tilman, 1999; Loreau et al., 2002). Dispersal by natural means The primary goal of this investigation was to describe the diversity of the pelagic zooplankton communities within several mountain lakes and reservoirs located in the Mission Mountains. The use of species richness estimators will aid in gauging the success of my samples representing the potential zooplankton community within a lake/reservoir. Species richness is the simplest and most intuitive concept for describing community diversity (Chao 2000). Ecologists have often discovered that sampling entire ecosystems and/or complete species censuses require extraordinary effort, and have thus often resorted to subsampling techniques and statistical methods to infer total species richness (Chao 2000, Muirhead et al. 2006). Species richness and diversity have often been used interchangeably in text (Honnay et al. 2000, Brown 2001 Lobo et al. 2001), though Spellerberg and Fedor (2003) suggest that "species richness" should be used to refer to the number species within a given area or sample while "species diversity" should refer to an expression or function of the number of species and individuals observed in a sample or area (Spellberg 1991). A species diversity index will then be used to access the potential effects that system type, area, depth, and elevation have on the effects of species richness and abundance within our study sites. I expect observe a difference in the effect of system type on species diversity, as it may be that several of the reservoirs included in this study were established within the past hundred years. I also expect to observe a positive correlation between species diversity and increased area and depth, and a negative correlation between diversity and increased elevation. We will then use a similarity index, function of species richness, to potentially identify factors that may or may not create similarities of zooplankton assemblages between systems. It is also likely that lakes and reservoirs located within the same drainages will be more similar than those located in separate drainages. Decreased differences in geographic distance, area, depth, and elevation should also yield zooplankton communities that appear to be more similar that those that are further apart in terms geographic distance, area, depth, and elevation. Methods Sampling Sampling was conducted in between July 2 and July 7, 2007 within eleven lakes/reservoirs located within four watersheds located in the Mission Mountain Range on the Flathead Indian Reservation: Upper and Lower Jocko Lakes in the Jocko River Drainage; Lucifer Lake and Mission Reservoir in the Mission Creek Drainage; Twin Lakes and Saint Mary's Lake in the Dry Creek Drainage; and Frog Lakes, Summit and McDonald Lake in the Post Creek Drainage. Lake/reservoir area, elevation and geographic distance from other systems were calculated using Google Earth. Area was calculated by using the most relevant geometric shape for each lake/reservoir and taking the appropriate measurements in order to calculate area for that shape. Elevation and geographic distance were established by pacing a waypoint at the center of each sample site. Elevation of each waypoint was then recorded followed by its distance from other waypoints. Zooplankton communities in each lake/reservoir were sampled by taking, three plankton tow samples in the deep portions of each lake/reservoir we could identify without topographic maps of the basins. We first recorded the depth at each tow site within the sampled lake/reservoir and submerged our plankton net roughly one meter from the lake/reservoir bottom, and then recorded the tow length. The 30cm diameter net is then brought back up though the water column. The plankton net's mesh, 80 μm, allowed water and most phytoplankton pass while trapping zooplankton within the net. Once the net was removed from the water the contents of the net were carefully placed in a labeled (date/time/depth/tow length) jar. The plankton net was then rinsed thoroughly to avoid any potential cross contamination of samples and lake systems. Once on shore, the three plankton samples were further filtered using the plankton net to remove excess water. Plankton was rinsed back into the sample jar and 95% ethanol was added creating a concentration of 70% preservative. Samples were then brought back to the lab for identification and quantification. The volume of the samples in the jars, containing zooplankton and preservative, were recorded. Samples then were well mixed and 12.0 mL sampled from the center of the jar using a pipette. This sub-sample was then placed in a 20 mL vial and an additional 3 mL of ethanol added to increase preservation of the samples. Using the second subsample, we removed 5ml for identification of zooplankton down to species or genus. Samples were identified using both a 40x stereomicroscope and a 100x compound microscope and the University of New Hampshire Center for Freshwater Biology's Image-Based Key to the Zooplankton of the Northeast (http://cfb.unh.edu/CFBkey/html/in


NARRATIVELY SPEAKING, 1–2 Chronicles moves back in time, long before Ezra–Nehemiah—indeed, to the beginning of biblical time, to Adam, whose name is the first word in the book. At the other end, Chronicles draws to a close with exactly the same event and even the same words with which Ezra–Nehemiah begins: Cyrus's decree that YHWH has charged him to rebuild the temple in Jerusalem (2 Chr 36:22–23; cf. Ezra 1:1–3). Accordingly, the Talmud asserts that Ezra wrote most of Chronicles, and Nehemiah finished it (Bava Batra 15a). In 1832, Leopold Zunz, the first scholar of Jewish studies as a modern academic discipline, argued that Ezra–Nehemiah and Chronicles are two parts of a single work. Although that view prevailed for more than a century, in the last fifty years it has been forcefully challenged. On the basis of the two books' different linguistic usages and theological perspectives, most would now see them as separate compositions. Ezra–Nehemiah may have been among the literary sources used by the author of Chronicles, and likely both were subsequently reworked as they were synchronized into the final account of people and events running from Adam to the restoration community in Jerusalem....


In clause organizational methodical aspects of physical training of students of polytechnic high schools are considered in view of professional work, and also physical training of students which have infringements of the basic-impellent device. The individual approach during employment on physical training is supported with gradual escalating of a level of requirements and loadings. The gradual increase in specifications from the first up to the third rates assists simplification of adaptation to requirements on physical training.


Cultivation of rat hone marrow. I. Preliminary studies and some effects of hemolyzed blood as nutrient: 11. J. Morton at a!. Blood clearance of the BAI strain A virus of avian myelo blastosis in newly hatched chicks: M. N. 1/ad dad at a!. Use of immunofluorescence for (Ic tection of specific membrane antigen in simian virus 40-infected nontransformed cells: T. E. K!uchareva at at. Canine lymphoma: Relative risk in the boxer breed: Ii'. A. Priaster. Com parative morphologic study of the virus-in duced solid tumors of Syrian hamsters: L. D. Berman. Carcinogenic effects of diethylnitros amine in RF mice: N. K. C!app at at. Influ ence of sex-segregated grouping and of inocu lation with subcellular leukemia material on development of nonleukemic lesions in DBA/2, BALB/c, and CBA mice: P. Ebbesen at at. Burkitt lymphoma in New Guinea: Establish ment of a line of lymphoblasts in vitro and description of their fine structure: J. 11. Pope at a!. Comparative effects of steroids on skin maintained in organ culture. II. Estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone: R. W. Gillette at a!. Effect of antimetabolites on kinetic be havior of proliferating cultured L1210 leu kemia cells: L. J. II'ilkoff et a!, Electron micro scopic identification of viral particles in cal cifying epithelioma induced by polyoma virus: K. Hashimoto at a!, Ten thousand cases of leukemia: 1940-62: 5. J. Cut!er at at. Mem brane immunofluorescence reactions of Bur kitt lymphoma cells from biopsy specimens and tissue cultures: G. Klein at a!. Tissue cul ture studies of human bone marrow. I. Matura tion of granulocytes in chemically defined medium: P. Farna,q at a!. Effects of vinblastine and vincristine on survival and hemopoiesis in irradiated mice: TV. II'. Smith at a!.


In this paper, the three fuzzy heuristics namely fuzzy Campbell-Dudek-Smith algorithm(FCDS), fuzzy NawazEnscore-Ham(FNEH) algorithm and fuzzy Rapid Access(FRA) algorithm has been subjected to a comparative study to evaluate and assess the efficiency of the fuzzy models in various problems of random size.A sample data is chosen and 14 problems are generated with different job and machine size.The makespan is evaluated,compared and depicted using ORIGIN software.The worst case solution of every problem is compared with the heuristic schedule obtained in order to show the improvement in the solution when the above heuristics are applied.It is noticed that the FNEH algorithm stand tall above the remaining procedures adopted in this work except a few instances where the FRA procedure excels.


Those familiar with Robert Quirk's other works, The Mexican Revolution, 1914-1915 and An Affair of Honor, will find the same brisk pace and good scholarship in his newest book on church-state relations in Mexico during the revolution years 1910-1929. Quirk documents the struggle between the prelates of the Roman Catholic Church and the leaders of the revolution, and discusses in depth the eventual United States mediation of the conflict by the skillful and sympathetic Ambassador Dwight M. Morrow. As Quirk points out, the struggle between church and state was one for the leadership of Mexico and, above all, for the control of men's minds. Such contests have taken place in virtually all Western nation-states as they usually do in all Third World efforts to modernize. The church was a lingering representative of traditional Mexico characterized by a closed, ruling elite, a rigid caste-class system and heavy foreign influence. Such a society could not compete with the modern industrial giants of the West, nor could it effectively deal with the most immediate threat to Mexican independence, the United States. The Mexican Revolution, then, was not merely a movement for social reform but a blow for independence. Indeed, social reform itself served as a useful tool through which the state could give the masses a new self-respect while at the same time mobilizing and incorporating them into a new political order. The institution of the church, closely tied to the traditional structure and committed to the support of a foreign ideology, was a principal obstacle to both nationalism and modernization and therefore a primary target for attack by the revolutionaries. Professor Quirk first discusses the framework for the church-state conflict, outlining ideological differences between conservative forces, of which the church hierarchy was a part, and liberal elements. The church was at a severe disadvantage throughout the struggle. First, Catholic ideology in Mexico was not that of its European counterpart except for the beliefs of the small, educated and Europeanized elites. Rather, church dogma, infused with ancient Indian cults and rights, created loyalty to local saints among the masses. Official doctrine and ceremony had little meaning for them. Contributing to this was the dearth of competent and trained priests to administer the teachings of the church to the Indian and mestizo poor, especially those in isolated rural areas. The result was a land of nominal Catholics whose tentative loyalty to the church was easily shattered in a final showdown with the new revolutionary state which promised them a better material life here on earth rather than having to wait for the uncertain blessing of the next.


Local organizations are increasingly proposed as an alternative to the traditional model of agriculture extension in many sub-Saharan African countries. However, information on the characteristics of organizations that are important for technology adoption is limited. We analyze the characteristics of organizations and how each affects the technology adoption among Ugandan farmers. A factor analysis is used to cluster the observed features of organizations into fewer factors that represent major dimensions of organizations. Hypotheses are tested based on a probit regression. Results indicate that different aspects of organizations affect the adoption decisions in unique ways. Household density of participation, ethnic homogeneity and geographical proximity encourage adoption while socio-demographic homogeneity slows it down.


Abstract : Navy Warfare Development Command has established Web-Enabled Doctrine (WED) in an effort to enable the Navy's transition from platform-centric operations to Network Centric Operations. The focus of this research is to describe, analyze, and evaluate the current process of developing Navy Doctrine and whether that process can be enhanced with a commercially available distributive collaborative technology (DOT). The goal of WED is to ensure that Navy Doctrine remains operationally relevant and directly connected with the Fleet. WED hopes to accomplish this by active Fleet participation in doctrinal development and reducing timelines. The Chief of Naval Operations has set forth several priorities for the 21st century Navy, which include service unification, improved current and future readiness, and the leveraging of enabling technologies. Several commercially available DOT products appear promising to enable the Navy's transformation to web based Doctrine development. This research focuses on one such product to determine the adaptability of a DOT to the Navy Doctrine process. The process uses an information system network that allows personnel the ability to remain readily engaged in the form of discussion groups during doctrinal development. This reduces cost, time, and incorporates lessons learned from subject matter experts in the Fleet.


A novel high-efficiency magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) is proposed and investigated in this article. It has three features. First of all, the widths of vanes are nonuniform while the width of resonant cavities in slow wave structure (SWS) remains unchanged. Second, the width of the first extract cavity shrinks and an extra extractor vane is added to enhance the power extraction. In addition, the emission surface of the cathode decreases, reducing the energy waste. The simulation results show that the novel high-efficiency MILO can generate high power microwave (HPM) with the output power of 6.3 GW and the frequency of 1.42 GHz when the applied voltage and current are 586 kV and 49 kA, respectively. The corresponding power efficiency is 22%. Given the same input, the conventional MILO generates the HPM with the same frequency but a lower power of 5.0 GW. The corresponding power efficiency is 17% smaller than that of our proposed MILO. Additionally, the maximum axial electric field in our proposed structure is 0.64 MV/cm after chamfering, which is lower than the breakdown threshold (1 MV/cm).


The main objective of adaptable Dynamic Airspace Configuration (DAC) is that the sectors should change to the changing traffic so as to reduce the workload variance with time. Change in the resectorization should be such that there is a minimal increase in exchange of air traffic among controllers. The bene fit of a new design (improvement in workload balance, etc.) should sufficiently exceed the transition cost, in order to deserve a change. This leads to the concept of transition wor kload. In this paper, we attempt to analyze the cost associated with a transition from one sectorization to another. We term this cost as transition workload, and incorporate it in our DAC algorithm such that the airspace sectorization changes when there is minimal transit ion workload. Given two airspace configurations, we propose a transition workload metric which considers the air traffic as well as the geometry of the airspace. Also, we put forward a solution to reduce this transition workload. We use a graph model which accurately represents the air route structure and air traffic in the National Airspace System (NAS) to fo rmulate the airspace configuration problem. The proposed metric and its corresponding solution are tested with Enhanced Traffic Management System (ETMS) air traffic data.


It is shown that in the inverted system of nonrelativistic electrons in rarefied magnetized plasma, when electron density on high Landau levels exceed some critical value defined by its transversal energy, magnetic field and temperature, the nonequilibrium phase transition occures with domain ordering of mutual orientations of interacting rotated dipoles. The intensity of cyclotron radiation of each domain in ordered phase becomes proportional to square of electron number in it. PACS: 41.60.-m; 42.50.Fx


ABSTRACT Cost-effective production of proteases, which are robust enough to function under harsh process conditions, is always sought after due to their wide industrial application spectra. Solid-state production of enzymes using agro-industrial wastes as substrates is an environment-friendly approach, and it has several advantages such as high productivity, cost-effectiveness, being less labor-intensive, and less effluent production, among others. In the current study, different agro-wastes were employed for thermoalkali-stable protease production from Bacillus subtilis K-1 under solid-state fermentation. Agricultural residues such as cotton seed cake supported maximum protease production (728 U ml−1), which was followed by gram husk (714 U ml−1), mustard cake (680 U ml−1), and soybean meal (653 U ml−1). Plackett–Burman design of experiment showed that peptone, moisture content, temperature, phosphates, and inoculum size were the significant variables that influenced the protease production. Furthermore, statistical optimization of three variables, namely peptone, moisture content, and incubation temperature, by response surface methodology resulted in 40% enhanced protease production as compared to that under unoptimized conditions (from initial 728 to 1020 U ml−1). Thus, solid-state fermentation coupled with design of experiment tools represents a cost-effective strategy for production of industrial enzymes.


The semivariogam could be used to acquire the appropriate scales for ground features from remotely sensed images,but it could only be apply to those scenes that contain only one ground feature and one background feature,namely simple scenes.In the recent years,mass-scale natural resource surveys start to be more closely related to remote sensing than traditional ways,which creates the need of obtaining ground features′appropriate scales from complex scenes as large-scale areas involved in the surveys tend to have more than one ground feature or background feature.The usual way to deal with complex scenes is to manually,one by one,extract a certain number of simple scenes or sub-images from them.It would surely be inefficient and cost lots of time because the process of distinguishing sometimes could be difficult,and what is more,the results calculated in this way may also be biased as only a limited number of sub-images were included.This paper proposes an efficient method that could apply semivariogram analysis to images of complex scenes to get the wanted appropriate scales and keep the results unbiased.Consider the fact that a complex scene is actually a combination of numerous simple scenes,thus,it could be decomposed to those simple scenes instead of choosing sub-images.In this study,a scene of Rapideye image of An'sai County in Shaanxi Province,China with resolution of 6.4meters was used to test the method.First,a land use map was derived from the original image by a visual and object-based combined interpretation.It acted as a mask when those ground features' individual images or simple scenes were extracted from the original one.These series of processes including classification and the subsequent extraction of simple scenes could be considered as a way of purifying the complex scene.At last,each extracted simple scene would be analyzed by semivariogram,and the range would be used to indicate the appropriate scales for the studied ground features.The consequence shows that this method works and the appropriate scales for built area,forest,grassland and farmland in the study area were 138.5m,209.8m,223.7mand 279.3mrespectively.