I. Frames of Reference Over two centuries ago in his book, The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith developed the basic theory of compensating differentials for hazardous jobs. The theory can be put in terms of the basic elements of individual preferences. If a job is made unattractive by a higher risk level or some other negative characteristic, there must be some offsetting advantage of the job, such as a higher wage rate, to compensate the worker for this added risk. The focus of the economics literature has been on estimating these compensating differentials for job risk, where the rate of tradeoff between money and risk gives the value attached to the statistical lives at stake. The basic elements of this theory are not controversial. Although empirical estimation of the tradeoff between risk and wages is continuing to be refined, there is general acceptance of the existence and importance of such a linkage. Indeed, every major labor economics textbook includes an extensive discussion of this analysis of compensating differentials for risk within the context of the theory of labor supply2 As with empirical estimates of other economic relationships, there will be some error involved in the process. The empirical task is to continually refine our analysis of these relationships so that we can better understand their magnitude. The focus of this paper will be on exploring the various sources of uncertainty and the problems involved in estimating the premiums for risk that govern values of life. Particular attention will be devoted to the succession of steps that have been taken within the context of the literature to resolve these issues. Before engaging in this assessment, it is useful to keep in mind our reference ' point, which is the current procedures predominantly used to assess damages for personal injury. In the case of earnings loss, an analyst generally calculates the present value of earnings lost by the decedent, where this value may be adjusted by taking into account consumption and taxes, depending on the jurisdiction. Such exercises always involve some error. Future earnings growth throughout the rest of an individual's lifetime is not known with certainty. Future inflation rates and interest rates are also uncertain. This uncertainty may be particularly great in the case of children who are injured since they have no earnings record whatsoever to use in making this projection. The fact that there are such uncertainties does not mean that one cannot * W. Kip Viscusi is a George G. Allen Professor of Economics, Duke University, and Associate Reporter, American Law Institute Project on Compensation and Liability for Product and Process Injuries. The themes in this paper are amplified in his forthcoming book, Managing Lmbility Risks (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991). See, among other, Ehrenberg and Smith (1988), and Fleischer and Kniesner (1984).


The use of Type Ia supernovae as calibrated standard candles is one of the most powerful tools to study the expansion history of the universe and thereby its energy components. While the analysis of some 50 supernovae at redshifts around z 0:5 has provided strong evidence for an energy component with negative pressure, \dark energy", more data is needed to enable an accurate estimate of the amount and nature of this energy. This might be accomplished by a dedicated space telescope, the SuperNova / Acceleration Probe (2000; SNAP), which aims at collecting a large number of supernovae with z< 2. In this paper we assess the ability of the SNAP mission to determine various properties of the \dark energy." To exemplify, we expect SNAP, if operated for three years to study Type Ia supernovae, to be able to determine the parameters in a linear equation of state w(z )= w0 +w1z to within a statistical uncertainty of0:04 for w0 and +0:15 0:17 for w1 assuming that the universe is known to be flat and an independent high precision (m =0 :015) measurement of the mass density m, is used to constrain the t. A further improvement can be obtained if, in addition to the high-z events, a large number of low-z supernovae are included in the sample.


This study uses a building energy simulation tool to model a real building in Torino, northern Italy. The focus of the research was to consider the combined effect of the predicted warming climate and building ageing on the building energy performance. The study projects global warming and building ageing effects into the future, using IPCC predicted scenarios and projections for building component ageing. Results from the climate-only simulation showed a dominant decrease in the building heating energy usage, which overrides the increase in the cooling load. The ageing study showed an increase in the building energy consumption due to components ageing, particularly the HVAC equipment. When combining the effects of climate and building ageing, the latter was found to have a significant impact on the overall future energy performance of the building.


The present invention belongs to the field of power supplies, particularly to a power supply circuit and the power supply device. By using the present invention comprises a rectifier circuit, overtemperature protection module and a voltage converting circuit module is powered, the outside temperature value with a preset temperature value are compared by the overtemperature protection module, and according to the comparison result output current or remains off, the voltage conversion module overtemperature protection module converts the DC output voltage DC power, the entire circuit to achieve a power supply circuit over temperature protection function, has the advantage of maximum operating temperature value can be set.


A semiconductor device may include a substrate, an insulating layer on the substrate, and a semiconductor layer on the insulating layer on a side thereof opposite the substrate. The semiconductor device may further include a superlattice on the semiconductor layer on a side thereof opposite the insulating layer. The superlattice may include a plurality of stacked groups of layers, with each group comprising a plurality of stacked base semiconductor monolayers defining a base semiconductor portion and at least one non-semiconductor monolayer thereon. The at least one non-semiconductor monolayer may be constrained within a crystal lattice of adjacent base semiconductor portions.


Linear analytic solutions of the homogeneously broadened, unidirectional Maxwell-Bloch equations with field losses are found in circumstances where amplification can occur. Particular stress is laid upon the similarity-variable solution. A number of inequalities are derived which suffice to differentiate between the physical regimes of superfluorescence, amplified spontaneous emission and swept-gain amplification.


In this paper, we present a structured fusion method for facial age group classification. To utilize the structured fusion of shape features and surface features, we introduced the region of certainty (ROC) to not only control the classification accuracy for shape feature based system but also reduce the classification needs on surface feature based system. In the first stage, we design two shape features, which can be used to classify frontal faces with high accuracies. In the second stage, a surface feature is adopted and then selected by a statistical method. The statistical selected surface features combined with a SVM classifier can offer high classification rates. With properly adjusting the ROC by a single non-sensitive parameter, the structured fusion of two stages can provide a performance improvement. In the experiments, we use face images in the public available FG-NET and MORPH databases and partition them into three pre-defined age groups. It is observed that the proposed method offers a correct classification rate of 95.1% in FG-NET and 93.7% in MORPH, which outperforms state-of-the-art methods by a significant margin.


Complete dentures remain still popular due to the economic component of such prosthetic treatment. However, additional fixation on intraosseous implants provides a greater clinical and functional effectiveness and a greater level of satisfaction with the results of prosthetics in edentulous patients. At the moment, the biomechanical aspects of complete denture prosthetics and prosthetics with fixation on implants, taking into account the degree of atrophy of the edentulous jaws, are not complete understood. Such studies make it possible to create recommendations on the choice of prosthetic tactics for edentulous patients. The aim of the research was to study the distribution of stress-strain states in prosthetics of the edentulous mandible with complete dentures and with designs supported on intraosseous implants, taking into account the type of atrophy. It was carried out computer simulation of 8 virtual finite element models of mandible with different types of atrophy. According to Keller they were 4 models: of the biomechanical system simulation "complete denture – mandible" and 4 ones – "denture – intraosseous implants – mandible". In each of the models, a chewing load of 100 N was simulated (symmetrically and asymmetrically). The ANSIS 12.1 finite element analysis was used to calculate the stress-strain states in the described calculation systems. It was estimated the distribution of stresses in cortical bone and displacements of the dentures on the prosthetic bed. Under using complete dentures, the maximum stresses in the bone tissue of the prosthetic bed were observed for the third type of mandible atrophy with all types of power load, the smallest ones – for the fourth type. Additional fixation of removable dentures in simulation models of biomechanical systems "denture – intraosseous implants – mandible" lead to a significant increase in stresses in the alveolar bone. The maximum stresses were observed in the area of the marginal bone, while their greatest values were in the well-expressed alveolar part of the mandible for first and third types by Keller. The movements of bases of complete dentures were insignificant and fluctuated within hundredths of a millimeter for all types of atrophy. The use of intraosseous implants for fixation of dentures caused increase in movements by several times. Besides, displacement fields were characteristic: they were uniform for complete dentures but in the use of implants – not. The expressed alveolar process in the first and third types of atrophy of the edentulous mandible caused an increase in the displacements of the distal sections of the dentures on both sides with a symmetrical force load and on one side – with an asymmetric one. It can be assumed that such a distribution of stress-strain states accelerates atrophy of prosthetic bed tissues. As a result of prosthetics of complete defects of lower dentitions, both with traditional complete dentures and with additional support on implants, different distribution of stress-strain states occurs in different phases of the chewing act in the bone of the prosthetic bed, the character of which is determined by the shape of the alveolar part described by Keller's classification. The results allow us to develop an algorithm for determining the kind of prosthetics for edentulous patients, depending on the type of mandible atrophy.


The use of heterotrophic bacteria as only food source in cladocerans diet to make massive production cultures has been little studied. So, this experimental study used Daphnia pulex cultivated in triplicate in 20 L plastic beakers at 19°, 21° and 25 °C temperature, with continuous light and aeration (24 hours), during 60 days. The bacteria source was obtained from screened liquid (20 µm) grown in Biofloc tilapias system. Every third day a sample of 500 mL was taken from each beaker and all organisms were counted. The highest density was found at 19 °C experimental test but the organisms died on third day. The maximum density was obtained at 21°±2 °C was of 24,414±244 org, whereas, lower density was found at 25°±2 °C with 19 259±252 org. The ANOVA analysis showed significant (P


HOW CAN WE DEAL WITH THE UNDERPREPARED AND COMMUNICATIVE APPREHENSIVE ORAL COMMUNICATION STUDENT AT THE COLLEGE LEVEL? Many colleges and universities are facing the task of instructing students who are underprepared. In the field cf speech communication the problem is compounded because some students are not only academically deficient, but are communicatevly apprehensive. Certain individuals have both problems. This article examines the situation, investigates ways to identify the needy student, proposes approaches to be used for dealing with the deficient student, and lists materials presently available to use in developing a help-program.


Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPKp) are increasingly reported worldwide and represent a major health threat ([1][1]). Carbapenemases frequently encountered in CPKp belong to Ambler's class A (KPC enzymes), class B (NDM, VIM, and IMP enzymes), and class D (OXA-48-like enzymes) ([1][1


While the effectiveness of in vitro fertilization is widely appreciated, its availability within the Health Service has remained limited due to the resources required. We describe our preliminary experience with a simplified approach. This relies on ultrasound alone to monitor treatment cycles and outpatient oocyte recovery by a modification of the ultrasound-guided transvesical technique described by Lenz1.


United States Geological Survey, Pacific Science Center. Chief Scientist: Jingping Xu. An ADCP with T/S Sensor will be deployed for a year in 1800m water depth, along with two Transmissometers data of field activity I-D6-10-MB in Monterey Canyon from 03/08/2010 to 03/08/2010, http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/i/id610mb/html/i-d6-10-mb.meta.html.


In this paper, In-situ passivated depletion-mode Gallium Nitride on Si based high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) devices are explored. In-situ passivation of Silicon Nitride (sinx-50 nm) is used as a quality dielectric layer which reduces surface trap charges. The fabricated GaN HEMT on Si shows a large drain current density of 0.58 A/mm with a good contact resistance of 0.3 ohm mm. The nitrogen implanted isolation provides a high isolation resistance among the devices in giga ohms range. The fabricated depletion mode GaN on Si HEMT can withstand a breakdown voltage of more than 200V with a peak trans-conductance of 110 ms/mm.


Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of complications associated with arterial catheterization in cats in a veterinary hospital, and to document which factors may increase the incidence of complications. Methods Medical records at a referral veterinary hospital were retrospectively reviewed to identify cats that had an arterial catheter placed between January 2010 and October 2014. Results Thirty-five cats having 38 arterial catheters were included in the study. There was a relatively high incidence of minor complications (23.7%), with the most common being catheter occlusion. The incidence of major arterial catheter complications was low (2.63%). Duration of catheter use was positively correlated to the incidence of complications. There was also a significant correlation between catheters used for intensive care unit monitoring and incidence of complications. All cats with catheter complications survived to discharge. Conclusions and relevance The low incidence of major arterial catheter complications in this population of cats illustrates that arterial catheterization is a safe monitoring and diagnostic tool. The duration of catheter placement is significantly associated with the incidence of catheter complications.


This thesis describes what is relevant for interface design for tele-remote driving of heavy road vehicles. A design framework was created to describe what these relevant aspects are. With this design framework a design process is done.


GaP is investigated for photoconductive terahertz (THz) generation. It is shown that the atypical bandstructure of GaP, with a central high-mobility valley and low-mobility sidevalleys, can be exploited to form a transient high-mobility state. The subsequent scattering and relaxation of hot electrons into and within the lower-mobility sidevalleys leaves the material in a relaxed low-conduction state. The experimental and theoretical study shows that ultrafast transient mobility, occurring over 800 fs, can create broadband THz pulses with reduced recovery times (and low leakage currents). The impacts of these findings are discussed for efficient and portable next-generation THz systems.


Reacting to security incidents can be an overwhelming and difficult task if you are not prepared. This chapter covers several best practices, techniques, and tips for use when reacting to security incidents. In the previous chapters, you learned how to identify, classify, and trace security incidents. Without successful identification, classification, and traceback, you will never be able to effectively react to any security event. Therefore, it is important that you understand the topics covered in previous chapters before reading this one.


Background: The term double diabetes or "Hybrid Diabetes (HD)" describes diabetes with combined features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Typically, HD is characterized by insulin resistance, obesity, and the presence of markers of β-cell autoimmunity. Differentiating HD from other forms of diabetes is important for a better understanding of the disease process and course, as well as for an appropriate management plan to prevent future complications. Patients and Methods: We report the clinical and biochemical characteristics of 7 children with HD and the course of their disease including the response to treatment. The data were compared to 59 children with a diagnosis of T2DM. Variables examined included age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (Tg), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and blood pressure. The Weiss criteria were used to diagnose metabolic syndrome (MetS). The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was calculated from the standard lipid profile. Four autoantibodies against pancreatic β-cell were measured in all patients. Results: Significant clinical and biochemical differences were detected among children with HD versus T2DM. The mean BMI of children with T2DM was significantly higher than for the HD group. At presentation, the mean C peptide level was significantly lower in HD versus T2DM group and 28% presented with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The percentage of those with full criteria of MetS was significantly higher in T2DM versus HD group as well as the percentage of children with high atherogenic index. After a mean duration of 2.3 months from diagnosis, 4/7 of HD patients stopped insulin therapy and 3 patients had a marked reduction in the insulin requirement. During the follow-up (after 15 ±5 months), 5/7 HD patients required an increase in their insulin dose, one was controlled on a markedly low dose of basal insulin and the last patient did not require any insulin therapy for 40 months. Conclusion: Classifying a clinical condition is very important in disease diagnosis and treatment as it can guide clinicians to translate scientific understanding to clinical practice. Appropriate assessment of HD is necessary for early and correct diagnosis. Increasing awareness of HD among the general population and primary care practitioners is necessary for successfully and properly treating this complex disease. (www.actabiomedica.it)


The treatment options for acute ischemic stroke are rapidly improving, and there is high awareness for community-onset stroke, pre-hospital pathways and streamline in-hospital management. However, the management of in-hospital stroke is often less well established, and stringent procedures are frequently missing. Higher rates of in-hospital complications and in-hospital mortality were suggested among in-hospital stroke patients who had been treated with i.v. thrombolysis. This issue is addressed in a new propensity-matched analysis from the SITS-EAST registry.

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Particulate reinforced 10 vol.% (TiB+TiC)/Ti-6Al-4V metal matrix composites (MMCs) were produced by in-situ synthesis using vacuum arc re-melting process, and the mechanical properties of the metal matrix composites were assessed by the small punch testing (SPT). Mechanical properties of the in-situ synthesized Ti MMCs were studied and compared with the Ti base alloy. From the test data, the fracture properties and equivalent fracture strain of the test materials were characterised. The fracture mechanism of the test samples was examined using scanning electron microscopy.


An experiment was carried out using two hundred Athulya birds divided into 10 treatments (T1-T10) to find out the effect of phytase enzyme on availability of certain trace minerals. Phytase was supplemented at 0, 500 and 1000 units/kg in low energy, low protein and low energyprotein layer chicken diets containing available phosphorus of 0.30 per cent from 21 to 40 weeks of age. A standard layer ration was offered to birds in T1. After the laying period, four birds from each treatment were randomly selected to conduct a metabolism trial and data on availability of manganese, copper, zinc and iron were determined. The availability of trace minerals in phytase supplemented experimental diets fed treatment groups was significantly (P<0.01) higher when compared with all the negative control diets fed groups.


An acceleration in the adoption and use of telemedicine (TM) was necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic. A more nuanced view emerged, including the importance of accommodating patient choice, appropriately matching encounter type to visit the platform, acknowledging the hazards associated with care delivered remotely, and adapting existing models of advanced team-based care. We have been practicing TM in diabetes since 1997. Diabetes Tele Management System, [DTMS®] is a structured diabetes management program integrated with electronic medical records, that enables telecommunication via telephone, email, and internet. To study the pros and cons of TM across a wider group a web-linked survey was conducted among doctors, allied healthcare professionals (aHCPs). The link was sent to doctors, aHCPs across India (Sept 2022-December 2022) via email and WhatsApp. The survey received 654 responses, 65% being doctors and HCPs out of which 89% had not received training prior to engaging in telemedicine consultations. Summary of responses from doctors and HCPs in Table 1. Though the majority of patients may be satisfied with TM, the prevailing practices should be periodically evaluated and upgraded incorporating the feedback from the users. It is essential to understand both pros and cons of TM in the view of doctors and aHCPs, to enable the policymakers to devise policies that enhance the scope of quality patient care.

 J.Kesavadev: None. A.Shankar: None. B.D.Saboo: None. S.R.Joshi: Advisory Panel; Biocon, Zydus Cadila, Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Franco India, Consultant; Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, Twin Health, Speaker's Bureau; Abbott Nutrition, Sanofi, Abbott, Novo Nordisk, Lupin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. A.Basanth: None. G.Krishnan: None. S.Jothydev: None.


Objective To explore the effect of electrochemical therapy with low milli-Ampere(10 mA) on cell cycle and expression of c-myc and cyclin E in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7.Methods Equal number of breast cancer cells were treated by the electrochemical treatment.the changes of cell proliferation,cell cycle distribution,c-myc and cyclin E protein expression of MCF-7 cells were observed by MTT test,flow cytometry and Immunohistochemistry Methods.Results The inhibitory rate was significantly increased after 6h and 24h of ECT tratment compared with the controls(P0.05).The proportion of G0/G1 phase cells treated with different electrochemical treatment doses in vitro was higher than that in the control group(P0.05),but the proport ion of S cells was lower than that in the control group(P0.05).The expression o f c-myc and cyclin E protein decreased.Conclusion The study showed that the ECT displayed potent antiproliferative activity towards cancer cells through suppressing cell cycle proteins,arresting cell cycle at G0/G1 phase.


Based on wavelet transform,a method of time domain for 3D dynamic finite element method(FEM) of tunnel entrance was introduced;and then a model of FEM was established.The dynamic response properties of tunnel′s entrance with varying surrounding rock mass were analyzed under the vibration loading of the elevating train.The time-response laws for the entrance of tunnel were obtained.The obtained results have important significance for further analyzing dynamic stability of tunnel by reason of the speed-elevated train.


Four experiments examined the relative use of retinal and extraretinal information in judging the location of a stimulus flash presented under normal lighting conditions in the temporal vicinity of an eye saccade. Two previous studies done under normal lighting conditions (N. Bischof & E. Kramer, 1968, and S. Mateeff, 1978) had hypothesized strong use of extraretinal information. The present study reexamined this work and showed that, in fact, two kinds of retinal effects had been neglected in these studies, and that these alone probably suffice to explain the results. The first retinal effect is related to differences between the response of the visual system to foveal and peripheral stimuli, and may be active even in the dark. The second retinal effect is related to the fact that smearing of the retinal image of the background occurs when the eye moves.


ung cancer is the nation's leading cancer killer. Despite continued improvements in lung cancer prevention, such as smoking cessation programs, an estimated 160,000 people died from lung cancer in the U.S. in 2012, which was approximately the same number of deaths as breast, prostate, colon, and pancreatic cancers combined. Great strides have been made in early detection and targeted therapies over the past 35 years, but so far they have not translated into significant improvements in the 15% 5-year survival rate in patients with lung cancer. This has partly been due to small populations of lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) within the tumor that can cause metastases or repopulate the tumor after the initial treatment. Our group is working to elucidate key signaling pathways driving both lung CSC self-renewal and resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, so that we can sensitize these cells to therapy.


It is a fundamental philosophy in operator algebras to view certain objects as "noncommutative function algebras". As a motivation, consider a compact, topological space X. Let C(X) be the algebra of complex valued continuous functions over X. Then, C(X) fulfills the axioms of a commutative C-algebra. Conversely, every commutative C-algebra is exactly of this form, by Gelfand-Naimark's theorem. In this sense, noncommutative Calgebras may be viewed as function algebras over "noncommutative topological spaces". Due to a construction by Gelfand-Naimark-Segal, every abstractly defined C-algebra may be represented concretely as a norm closed -subalgebra of the algebra B(H) of bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space. Closely related objects are von Neumann algebras, i.e. -subalgebras of B(H) which are closed in the strong operator topology (or equivalently in the weak operator topology). While C-algebras correspond to "noncommutative topology", von Neumann algebras may be seen as a "noncommutative measure theory". Indeed, the commutative von Neumann algebras are exactly given by the algebras L(X,μ) of measurable, bounded functions over a measurable space X.


The distribution of the number of successes in a sample given the outcome of previous sample is obtained by Bsyesian methods. It is shown that the solution the prediction problem is completely independent of population size.


Currently, there is no motorcycle to motorcycle towing device available in the market. Most of the motorcycle towing service uses a pick-up truck to pick up the motorcycle. Plus, the towing service price is quite unreasonable. This is because there is no standard price for the service and the service costly for the operator itself. In addition, some of the towing process is done only using a foot to propel the towed motorcycle. The aim of this project to produce a product that can be commercialize and solve the problem. In this project, a prototype is produced after the fabrication process. The prototype seemed to function. The length of the sling successfully retracted for storing, thus the sling retractor is working accordingly.


The Healthy Living Centre's (HLC) programme was initiated in 1998 in response to the UK Government's drive to tackle inequalities and address the broader socio-economic determinants of health. Funded by the New Opportunities Fund (NOF), now the Big Lottery Fund (BLF), this programme also resonated with an emerging political adherence to 'localism' which supported the view that effective responses to such problems needed to be addressed at a local level as well as by national government. The emphasis from the start was on the development of strong local service partnerships and effective mechanisms for community engagement. Another distinctive feature of the programme was its basis in a social and 'salutogenic' model of health. Indeed HLCs draw on a concept that has its point of origin in the pre-NHS days, that health services are about health improvement in times of wellness as much as they are about health care in times of illness The evaluation of the programme was commissioned by NOF and led by the Tavistock Institute with a range of academic partners, including Cardiff University. Additional funds for the evaluation were provided by the Welsh Assembly Government. This paper is the substance of an interim report to the Health Improvement Division (HID), which is in the Welsh Assembly Government's Public Health and Health Professions Department (PHHPD), as part of Cardiff University's agreed outputs. It enables emerging findings to be placed within Wales' distinct policy context. Drawing of 'theories of change' evaluation this paper focuses on the way in which HLCs have theorised and developed activities to address health issues, the approaches they have developed to engage with local people or 'users' and the positioning of HLCs in an evolving local health economy. The ways in which efforts to sustain the work of the HLCs are being interpreted and operationalised are also discussed.


This study aims to analyze the learning outcomes of class IVA students after studying during the odd semester of 2021/2022 at the State Elementary School 03 Pontianak City. The research method used is descriptive quantitative method. The population in this study were fourth grade students consisting of 1 class with a total of 31 students. Meanwhile, in selecting the sample, the researcher used a total sampling technique, so that the number of samples in this study was also 31 students. Based on the results of the study, after carrying out the thematic learning, this study had 3 aspects, namely aspects of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor assessment. The aspect of affective assessment is classified as very good. Aspects of psychomotor assessment are categorized as good. It can be concluded that the thematic learning outcomes of the fourth graders of State Elementary School 03 Pontianak Kota are good after doing odd semester learning.


Flooding occurs when the existing drainage system is unable to accommodate the water flow, that is due to a decreased drainage system capacity, increased flow of water, or a combination of both. On January 31, 2019, two hours of heavy rain caused Citraland housing to be flooded up to one meter high. This study aims to overcome the existing flooding problems through the assessment of sub-surface drainage systems for hilly areas in the Citraland residential area, Surabaya. Annual rainfall data from the rain stations around the residential area will be processed according to the proportion of the area to get a rain analysis plan that will be used in modeling. Plan rainfall data, area data and types of land cover, and catchment area data are analyzed hydrologically to get the design discharge. The hydraulic data of the dimensions of the existing drainage system will be analyzed for the capacity in flowing of Flow Plan. The Drainage System is then modeled using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) application. Through using topographic data and land cover, four alternative solutions have been modeled which include the addition of water reservoirs in various housing locations to overcome existing flooding. The results of this study are the second scenario through the addition of one water reservoirs which can handle flooding most effectively because it reduces 34.61% of the inundation volume that occurs. In addition, the fourth scenario through the addition of three water reservoirs can reduce 57.82% of the inundation volume that occurs.


The problem of agro-food safety in China has resulted in widespread social distrust of agro-food producers as a whole as well as a deeply felt sense of insecurity (Yan, 2012). With its increasing engagement in global agriculture markets, food safety of agricultural products in China is becoming more and more important. Such a shift requires China to catch up urgently with international safety standards, as well as a global approach to secure food safety. Generally, consumer cooperative is considered to be one of the social organizations to rebuild consumer confidence in agro-food industry and government by strengthening the interaction among different stakeholders such as government, producers, distributers, and consumers, etc. However, some scholars argue that there is no appropriate condition for the establishment of consumer cooperative in contemporary China (Liu, An, & Nakashima, 2011), and some others think it is necessary to implement the mature experience of consumer cooperative existing in foreign countries based on the comparative studies on consumer cooperative, consumer awareness, and consumer behavior in different countries combined with Chinese specific national conditions (Wang & Miao, 2012). Focusing on the issues of agro-food safety in China, the purposes of this paper are set as follows. Firstly it will clarify the agro-food system and food-safety governance structure in China. Secondly, it will research the development of Japanese consumer cooperative and its role in food safety management through two case studies. Finally, it will propose suggestions to the development of Chinese consumer cooperative based on the analytical results.


We propose a control scheme for a discrete-time linear stochastic multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system, with imperfectly known or slowly time-varying parameters. The selected approach is generalized minimum variance control, but the method can easily be extended to generalized predictive control. The quadratic criterion to be minimized penalizes the variance of the difference between the output of a reference model and the predicted variable to be regulated. It also penalizes the difference between two successive control vectors. We have also included, in the model, quadratic constraints on control variables. In application to production planning problems, these correspond to minimal and maximal production capacities. The predicted auxiliary output is determined by an extended least-squares algorithm, and the optimality conditions evolve by periodical resetting of the criterion weights. This resetting is achieved from the Lagrangean problem formulation, since the role of Lagrange multipliers is similar to that of control weights. Weighting parameters can therefore be periodically adjusted by a Robbins-Monro type algorithm to solve the system of equations obtained from Kuhn·Tucker necessary conditions.


Gypsies/Roma make up the largest minority in Europe. Roma communities tend to
 be segregated and characterized by poverty, unemployment, poor education,
 and poor quality housing. So far, the European strategy for Gypsy/Roma
 integration proved insufficient because it fails to account to the normative
 nature of the isolationist and ethnocentric nature of certain elements of
 Gypsy culture, as well as the deep and mutual distrust between Gypsies and
 non-Gypsies within European countries. In Serbia, the Gypsy population tends
 to suffer disproportionately from higher rates of poverty, unemployment,
 illiteracy, and disease. At the same time, the Serbian Gypsy women average
 an infant mortality rate between 10-20%. For most of these girls/women,
 endogamous, arranged marriages are negotiated at an early age, usually
 without their consent. Among these women, a certain level of infant
 mortality is "expected", following an underinvestment in some children
 manifested in their care, feeding, and the response to their illnesses.
 These juvenile arranged marriages, subsequent reproduction and child
 mortality are culturally self-sufficient and hence pose a challenge for
 international human rights: while many Gypsy girls/women are being denied
 the right to choose whom and when to marry, the Gypsy community itself
 openly accepts juvenile arranged marriage as a preservation strategy and
 means of cultural, economic, and societal maintenance and independence.
 Although efforts to improve education, health, living conditions, encourage
 employment and development opportunities for Gypsies/Roma are essential,
 these objectives cannot be attained without directing the changes needed
 within Gypsy/Roma culture itself. The initial point for change must come
 from an increased sense of responsibility among the Gypsies themselves.


The upgrade of BNL's Alternating Gradient Synchrotron progresses parallel with the construction of the 1.5 GeV Booster with a view to completion of its major components in 1991. The initial goals of the upgrade program are: to prepare the AGS ring for acceleration of at least 5 /times/ 10/sup 13/ protons per pulse, to accelerate heavy ions up to gold, to accelerate polarized protons in the 10/sup 12/-10/sup 13/ intensity range, and to improve the reliability and flexibility of the present machine operation. Figure 1 shows the AGS complex as it will operate in 1991. There are several major systems in the AGS complex which have to be upgraded in order to accelerate the higher intensity beams and heavier ions. These systems are: the RFQ preinjector, the rf cavities, the vacuum, the transverse dampers, the correction magnets, extraction equipment, and the Siemens main magnet power supply. Additional major projects, which will keep the ring activation within /open quotes/acceptable/close quotes/ limits despite a four-fold increase in beam intensity, are a fast beam chopper, a gamma-transition jump system, and a high frequency dilution cavity. These last projects have received high priority because they benefit as well the present operation of the AGS.


The vacuum ultraviolet spectrum of CSe2 is reported in the region 210-130 nm. Rydberg series leading to the first ionisation potential are identified and vibrational structure associated with the long wavelength members assigned. The effects of spin-orbit coupling and configuration mixing on the observed spectrum, in the 200 nm region, are discussed.


How to carry out bilingual teaching among undergraduates majoring in international trade is still a new topic in undergraduate teaching of international trade. Bilingual teaching in undergraduate business negotiation courses has been carried out for four consecutive years. The students participating in bilingual learning involve sophomores and third graders of the Business School of Linyi University. At the beginning and end of bilingual teaching, questionnaires and symposiums on bilingual teaching were conducted for each class of students. At the same time, a follow-up survey of bilingual teaching was conducted for former students who had studied bilingual. According to the problems reflected in the questionnaire, all links of teaching should be improved, so that bilingual teaching is accepted by more and more students. It is believed that the objectives, teaching methods and evaluation indicators of bilingual teaching should be different according to different student groups and different curriculum properties.


Abstract : Computer-based optimization methodology was developed for the purpose of defining long range management goals for each major Navy personnel skill category. These goals are defined in terms of objective optimum force distributions by skill grouping, by length of service and by paygrade. Function evaluation involves the use of four major models: per capita cost, stable strength, utility, and reenlistment elasticity models. Descriptions and examples, the concept of personnel utility, and the overall optimization methodology are presented.


A recent debate has taken place in International Human Resource Management (IHRM) theory and practice between the so-called functionalists and the critical approaches. This paper reviews the literature on mainstream, functionalist IHRM and the critical approaches, and theoretically discusses their fit to emerging countries' realities and multilatinas experience. The essay's main objectives and contributions are: (a) to argue that this debate, overly typical of the American-European context, may not be fully applicable to ambiguous and contradictory contexts, such as most developing countries and, particularly, Latin America; (b) to argue that the disputes between both functionalist and critical IHRM theorists, in equally richer countries, is inadequate for other (non-rich-involving) contexts; and (c) to propose redirection possibilities for this debate, particularly, in Latin America.


E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY LBNL Report Potential Global Benefits of Improved Ceiling Fan Energy Efficiency Nakul Sathaye, Amol Phadke**, Nihar Shah, Virginie Letschert ** Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com Environmental Energy Technologies Division October 2012 This work was funded by the Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, U.S. Department of State, and administered by the U.S. Department of Energy in support of the Super-efficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment (SEAD) initiative through the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02- 05CH11231


In this paper, we present a computational cost analysis result of accelerated iterative shrinkage smoothing algorithm, which is one of promising image smoothing algorithms with sufficient smoothing quality results and reduced processing time. The main motivation of this cost analysis is to provide a base for efficient hardware implementation. We implemented it in a lower-level programming language with OpenCV library as opposed to the MATLAB implementation. The resolution dependency of the processing time is also illustrated.


Modern Britain was founded in 1801,which is a country of loving sport.Britain was the first country to carry out industrial liberation which brought great wealth to it.But it was very difficult to develop competitive sport,because it mainly cared for national sport instead of competitive sport,and was short in unity and synchronization under united regime.After that,its competitive sport stoped in that domestic politics contest,economic crisis,the world war two which made it politics and economy decreased.Forced by international competitive sport development and the political and economic value of competitive sport itself,its government had to carry out political system reforming and investment increasing,sysmatic training,study competitive environment,diet,weather and time difference for scientific preparation.The competitive sport in Britain now is marching ahead step by step,both its gold medals and medals sum got the third in Beijing Olympics.


Summary The inability of a plant to grow roots rapidly upon transplanting is one of the main factors contributing to poor establishment. In bare-rooted trees, treatments such as root pruning or application of the plant hormone auxin [e.g., indole butyric acid (IBA)] can promote root growth and aid long-term establishment. There is little information on ornamental containerised plants, however, other than the anecdotal notion that 'teasing' the roots out of the rootsoil mass before transplanting can be beneficial. In the present study we tested the ability of various root-pruning treatments and application of IBA to encourage new root and shoot growth in two shrub species, commonly produced in containers – Buddleja davidii 'Summer Beauty' and Cistus 'Snow Fire'. In a number of experiments, young plants were exposed to root manipulation (teasing, light pruning, or two types of heavy pruning) and/or treatment with IBA (at 500 or 1,000 mg l–1) before being transplanted into larger containers containing a medium of 1:1:1 (v/v/v) fine bark, sand and loam. Leaf stomatal conductance (gl) was measured 20 min, and 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after root manipulation. Net leaf CO2 assimilation (A) was measured frequently during the first week after transplanting, then at regular intervals up to 8 weeks after transplanting. Plants were harvested 8 weeks after transplanting, and root and shoot weights were measured. In both species, light root pruning alone, or in combination with 500 mg l–1 IBA, was most effective in stimulating root growth. In contrast, teasing, which is commonly used, showed no positive effect on root growth in Buddleja, and decreased new root growth in Cistus. The requirement for exogenous auxin to encourage new root growth varied between experiments and appeared to be influenced by the age and developmental stage of the plants. There were no consistent responses between root treatments and net CO2 assimilation rates, and changes in root weight were not closely correlated with changes in assimilation. The mechanisms whereby new root growth is sustained are discussed.


Clinical diagnosis of Parkinsonism is still challenging, and the diagnostic biomarkers of Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of the combined eye movement tests in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and those with MSA.


ABSTRACT High-temperature electrochemical reaction parameters for nickel-base Alloy 182 weld metal (Alloy 182) have been determined based on data measured in pure water at high temperatures to realize an analytical model that can predict electrochemical corrosion potential (ECP) of Alloy 182 without using any adjustment parameters based on ECP data. Behaviors of measured polarization curves for Alloy 182 could be explained well with the determined parameters. Calculated ECPs of Alloy 182 agreed with the measured values in the cases that it was acceptable for the model to have an error range of ±0.1 V in a range from the deaerated condition to 10,000 ppb (=μg kg−1) oxygen concentration. It is expected that the ECP model with the determined electrochemical reaction parameters will have greater validity for, and better interpretability of, the ECPs of Alloy 182 determined in a boiling water reactor environment than previous models. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Introduction: The mid-latitudes of Mars (between 30 and 60°) typically have a smooth-dissected mantle of apparently thin material. Interestingly, we observe scallops and mesa in certain regions here which are very similar to the "Swiss-Cheese" features of the South Polar Regions. Sublimation of a ice-rich material has been repeatedly proposed to explain the formation of these landforms. The region of Amphitrites-Peneus patera (55 to 65 °S, and that of Utopia Planitia, (45 to 55°N) both display these and other landforms suggestive of interstitial ice, such as patterned ground and fretted terrains.


South Asia is the victim of regional politics between Pakistan and India, making it the least integrated region globally. The jostling between the two nuclear competitors negatively impacts the region's peace, security and development. Major Powers have exploited these fault lines to achieve their strategic objectives. India considers itself a significant regional power, and the US encourages it to be a net security provider in the region. India perceives Pakistan and China as obstacles in its hegemonic ambitions. It has moved closer to the US in its strategic initiatives, resulting in multiple socioeconomic, political and strategic implications for the strategic balance in South Asia, particularly for Pakistan. India is trying to push the region's strategic balance in its favour. It brings significant challenges for Pakistan and opportunities to counter them. This research paper aims to analyse the implications of the India-US strategic partnership on the strategic situation in South Asia, especially Pakistan. It explores the out-of-box way forward that Pakistan may adopt to create opportunities for itself.

Bibliography Entry
Khan, Muhammad Ahmad (2023) "India-US Strategic Convergence: Implications for Strategic Balance in South Asia" NDU Journal. 37: 46-58.


The aim of the present study is to investigate the invitation-issuing strategies of Najdi Arabic speakers within the frameworks of speech act theory and politeness principles, highlighting the socio-pragmatic parameters of gender, social distance, and the in/formality of the speech event affecting strategy selection and modes of delivery. The data corpus consists of 112 instances of Najdi Arabic invitations extracted from informants' WhatsApp instant messaging and extended on formal and less formal occasions. Major findings indicate that the in/formality of the invitational situation predicts the way in which invitations are extended either textually or digitally, regardless of social distance and gender. As for gender, males use blessings, performatives, and mood derivable most frequently regardless of the in/formality of the occasion. Females use performatives for formal occasions, whereas they employ want statements and suggestory formulas for less formal situations. The results indicate that indirectness is not universally equated with politeness because Najdi Arabic speakers reveal a tendency toward directness and imposition to convey interest in and affiliation with the invitee.


Generalization of Ostrowski type inequality with applications in numerical integration, probability theory and special means is stated for differentiable functions up to second order whose second order derivatives are bounded and first order derivatives are absolutely continuous.


For navigation and location services with a large amount of data and data isomerism, space-time characteristics, characteristics of dynamic change, first put forward by unified service metadata standard navigation and position, navigation and location service data information heterogeneity, secondly build navigation and location services under the standard database, based on the Atlas metadata management tools, So as to realize the effective overall management of navigation and location service metadata, efficient query and retrieval, and improve the efficiency of data sharing and application.


Thermal imprinting (TI) on a paper surface, using minimal solvent amounts, followed by direct analysis of the triacylglycerols (TAG) content via easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS) is shown to provide a fast protocol to analyze TAG in meats and fats. The technique is simple, fast and eco-friendly requiring no hydrolysis, derivatization or chromatographic separation. The entire TI-EASI-MS protocol is performed in a few minutes and with minimal sample handling and solvent consumption. The TAG profiles obtained via TI-EASI-MS are shown to be quite similar to those obtained using GC and MALDI-MS analyses, and the imprinting and mailing of the imprinted paper in a sealed plastic bag is proposed for remote TI-EASI-MS analysis of meat and fat samples.


This paper aims to discuss the importance of flexible working time arrangements in the United States (U.S.). Section I creates a framework to analyse the various dimensions of working time and their impacts. It examines the availability of flexitime and its potential costs and benefits to workers and employers. Section II describes the current distribution and differential access to flexitime by workers' demographic characteristics and by industry and occupational sector. Section III analyses these data to estimate the probability that workers with a given demographic or work characteristic have access to flexitime daily schedules. The fourth and final section discusses the implications of the findings. The empirical findings reveal that many workers are gaining flexibility in the timing of their daily work schedules, but access to flexible schedules remains uneven by characteristics of workers such as gender or race and by their jobs such as skill‐level, job status and hours status. Having flexible scheduling comes at the expense of working long average hours per week, or re‐locating to part‐time or self‐employment status or "unsocial" evening shifts. One implication of this is that a public policy aimed at flexible work hours for workers benefit must seek first to spread such flexibility to those who are currently not sharing it because of their occupation, industry or other personal or labour market characteristics.


In this article, we apply an anisotropic extension for the energy-based and the Jiles–Atherton (JA) hysteresis models to simulate both unidirectional alternating and rotational magnetic field excitations. The results show a good agreement with measurements for unidirectional alternating fields. However, the results for rotational fields, especially at high magnitudes, show a significant discrepancy with the measurement data. We demonstrate that the JA model with appropriate parameters can estimate the losses in alternating cases up to 1.5 T, whereas both models give reasonable loss estimation up to 1 T in rotational cases.


causes great havoc amongst cattle, being in great part disseminated in cotton cake and other feeding materials obtained from the interior. On the present occasion, cattle plague was introduced in September last into Shanghai from Tanyang on the Grand Canal in three herds of cattle imported by the German military authorities. The first herd consisted of 100 cattle, of which twelve infected animals were shot and cremated, and the remaining 88 were slaughtered for food before they could develop the disease. The second herd consisted of 150 cattle of which 5G were cremated, 32 slaughtered for food, and those remaining were immunised with gall by Dr. ITaedicke and Schlie of the German Veterinary Service, the former of whom


In the present paper, we describe the successful fabrication of copper sulfide submicron wires via a simple solid phase reaction at room temperature, employing 4,4′ bipyridine, CuCl and Na2S· 9H2O as the starting materials. Since the precursor formed by CuCl and 4,4′ bipyridine acted as both of the reactant and the template, we called this method as " source template route" . The synthetic process of copper sulfide submicron wires consisted of preparation of the precursor containing copper element and formation of copper sulfide submicron wires. Experimental results showed that the aging time of the precursor could influence the shape and size of the final product. The longer aging time is, the more perfect the linear structure of the precursor is and the longer the CuS submicron wires are.


An object of the present invention is to reduce the number of elements of a DAC while keeping the same resolution. For example, in order to convert a 6-bit digital signal into an analog signal, a reference voltage generating circuit 100 for generating 17 reference voltages, a first switch circuit 200 having 19 switch pairs each including a MOS transistor for two reference voltages adjacent to each other in accordance with upper four bits, a second switch circuit 300 including a series circuit of 12 MOS transistors and for dividing the difference between the two selected reference voltages using combined ON-resistances into four so as to obtain three intermediate voltages, and a third switch circuit 400 for selectively outputting the lower voltage of the two selected reference voltages or one of the three intermediate voltages in accordance with lower two bits, are provided.


Electromagnetic fields around metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) multilayers with a squared island top layer were calculated numerically, and their spectral absorptances were evaluated. The top and bottom metal layers were set to be gold; however, the intermediate semiconductor layer was set to be gallium antimony (GaSb). With a squared island top gold layer, the first peak shifted to a longer wavelength range. Uncharted second peaks emerged from 1.0 to 2.0 μm when the island width was longer than 300 nm. By observing the distributions of the zdirectional electric fields at the wavelength of the absorptance peak, it was clarified that the second peak of absorptance was generated by horizontal directional Fabry–Perot interference inside GaSb layer depending on the width of the island. Moreover, the first peak could be described using the LC equivalent circuit model in the condition with wide distance between two islands. However, it was indicated that the LC circuit model needed a correction about capacitance between the upper and ground layer in the condition with narrow distance between two islands.


The characteristics of the Resistivity and Self-Potential (SP) anomalies over Agbani Sandstone have been carefully and painstakingly carried out. The study was aimed at investigating the possible rock types and their mineralogical potentials. Data was acquired using the high resolution versatile ABEM SAS 4000 resistivity meter, employing the profiling method. Datasets were analyzed using the Excel toolkits. Interpretation was basically qualitative. Based on the resistivity interpretation, Agbani Sandstone is laterally limited in extent while the mineralization potential is high as a result of the high negative SP anomalies. The negative SP values range is -200mV to -500mV. This is practically indicative of a sulphide orebodies – possibly pyrite (FeS2). Comparative profile plots show that the observed zones of sulphide orebodies are within the gradational contact of Agbani Sandstone with Awgu Shale. Stream sediment analysis and rock geochemical study are recommended. However, the study has shown that contact zones of sandstone deposits are possibly ore enrichment zones.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the proliferation and mineralization activity of the human gingival and periodontal ligament cells in relation to the nature of the dentin surface. Three types of bovine dentin blocks were used: 1) Rp group: dentin block was root planed by hand scaler, 2) CA group : dentin block was treated by citric acid pH 1 for 3 mins and 3) Na group : citric acid treated block was further exposed to 10% Na0Cl for 3 mins. Besides this, hydroxyapatite (HA) blocks were taken as 4 th group. Human gingival cells (HGC) and periodontal ligament cells (HPLC) were seeded on the blocks and cultured. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and protein concentration of the attached cells on blocks were measured at the 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days interval. Furthermore, HGC and HPLC were cultured in DMEM and the blocks were kept on the cell sheet after becoming confluent, media was changed to a-MEM supplemented with 100 nM dexamethasone and 10 mM β-glycerophosphate. Mineralized nodules were stained weekly for 3 weeks by von-Kossa method and the area was measured in relation to the margin of blocks.The results of the protein concentration of the HGC was higher than the HPLC in the 4 groups. Among the 4 groups, protein concentration of HPLC increased at a faster rate in CA group and in HGC, protein concentration increased at a slower rate in Na group. HGC expressed very low ALP activity and was significantly lower than the HPLC. HPLC showed the highest activity in relation to CA group, and lowest activity was observed in relation to Na and HA group. Regarding the mineralized nodule; HPLC formed larger area of nodule than HGC. CA group formed the largest area of nodule in HPLC but there was no difference among the 4 groups in the HGC. The results suggest that the nature of the dentin surface could influence the cellular proliferation and mineralization activity of HPLC, and also the proliferation of HGC. As HGC are able to show mineralization activity in this study though it is very low, it can be suggested that HGC have the potentiality to torm calcitied tissue.


We explore the implications of the recent {ital W}- and {ital Z}-boson-mass measurements at the SLAC Linear Collider, CERN LEP, and Fermilab Tevatron, and also the {mu} pair and total hadronic cross sections measured at KEK TRISTAN. A detailed comparison is made between the {ital M}{sub {ital W}} and {ital M}{sub {ital Z}} data and standard-model predictions including radiative corrections. These measurements also constrain extended electroweak gauge models. We place model-dependent upper bounds on the mass of a second neutral gauge boson from {ital M}{sub {ital W}} and {ital M}{sub {ital Z}} data, and set lower bounds on the {ital Z}{prime} mass from direct production searches at the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF). We analyze the effects of {ital Z}-{ital Z}{prime} mixing on the {ital Z} width, leptonic branching ratio, and peak cross section at {ital e}{sup +}{ital e}{sup {minus}} colliders. We find that a second {ital Z} cannot account for the increase in total hadronic and decrease in {mu}-pair cross sections observed at KEK TRISTAN and simultaneously satisfy the CDF {ital Z}{prime} search limits.


Motivated by recent applications of the Lyapunov method in artificial neural networks, which could be considered as dynamical systems for which the convergence of system trajectories to equilibrium states is a necessity, we re-look at a well-known Krasovskii stability criterion pertaining to autonomous systems and then essentially use the same underlying idea to propose appropriate convergence criteria for autonomous system. We then apply the criteria to neural networks and discuss our results with respect to recent ones in the field.


In this paper we study noncommutative black holes. In particular, we use a deform Schwarzschild solution in noncommutative gauge theory of gravity. By means of euclidean quantum gravity we obtain the entropy, temperatute and the time of evaporation of the noncommutative black hole.


This DNP capstone project provides evidence that adding a hands-on educational initiative regarding the use of capnography to a group of nurses who administer procedural sedation will promote the use of capnography. This initiative provided nurses who administer procedural sedation the insight needed to understand the importance capnography can have on improving patient outcomes.


Endoscopic surgery has a considerable learning curve due to dissociation of the visual‐motor axes, coupled with decreased tactile feedback and mobility. In particular, endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) lacks objective skill assessment metrics to provide specific feedback to trainees. This study aims to identify summary metrics from eye tracking, endoscope motion, and tool motion to objectively assess surgeons' ESS skill.


Multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) techniques have recently demonstrated significant potentials in visible light communications (VLC), as they can overcome the modulation bandwidth limitation and provide substantial improvement in terms of spectral efficiency and link reliability. However, MIMO systems typically suffer from inter-channel interference, which causes severe degradation to the system performance. In this paper, we propose a novel optical adaptive precoding (OAP) scheme for the downlink of MIMO VLC systems, which exploits the knowledge of transmitted symbols to enhance the effective signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio. Furthermore, we derive bit-error-rate expressions for the proposed OAP scheme under perfect and outdated channel state information (CSI). Our results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is more robust to both CSI error and channel correlation, compared to conventional channel inversion precoding. These results are expected to provide useful insights in the effective design and efficient operation of VLC networks.


In the present study, SACX0307-ZnO and SACX0307-TiO2 nano-composite solder pastes were fabricated. The ceramic reinforcements were used in 1wt% and with different primary particle sizes between 50-200nm. The soldering properties and microstructure of the solder joints were investigated. The nano-particles were mixed into the solder paste by standard ball milling process. Reflow soldering technology has been applied to prepare solder joints and spreading tests from the different solder alloys. The solder joints were evaluated by shear test, and cross-sections were prepared to investigate the metallographic properties by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The different ceramic nano-particles had different effects on the solderability of solder alloys. Best results were observed in the case of TiO2 nano-particles with improved wetting and mechanical strength. The microstructural investigations showed considerable grain refinement and the modified grain boundary/interfacial properties, which could cause the increase of the mechanical parameters.


The decay curves of potassium ion produced by Two-Photon Resonant Three-photon Ionization were measured. From the relation between ion current and multi-photon dynamic parameter, photo-ionization cross-section of 6S state of atomic potassium was determined. Potassium atom was ionized by Energy Pooling Effect when excited wavelength was 766.4 nm or 769.8 nm corresponding to the first excited state of potassium atom.


Roosting of Myotis myotis in tree hollows is not common in the Czech Republic, and this phenomenon has not been a subject of a specific study. Here I report on a finding of one individual of M. myotis roosting in a natural tree hollow made by the black woodpecker in a beech forest near Voleč in the Pardubice Region. The bat was found during inspection of 35 cavities in a search for nesting birds. Such a survey has been conducted annually since 2009 and continues extensively till now with 1–4 inspections per season from March to June.


The preparation of immunologically active phthalimido desmuramylpeptide analogues 2e‐h, 4c‐d, and 7b is described. The N‐acetylmuramic acid in the muramyl dipeptide has been replaced by a phthaloylated acyclic moiety such as N‐phthaloylated amino acids 1a–c, 2‐(2‐phthalimidoethoxy)acetic acid 3, or by the carbocyclic rac. trans‐2‐(2′‐phthalimidocyclohexyloxy)acetic acid 6.


Roll damping derivative is an important aerodynamic parameter which affects the despinning effect of a missile. Steady CFD simulations are used to predict the roll damping characteristics of the missile with anti-rotation flaps at subsonic and transonic speeds. The predicted roll damping derivatives are in good agreement with the experimental data. The variation of the angle of attack and the surface pressure of wings due to rolling and the roll damping moment induced by additional wing lift are explained through numerical analysis. The bending location of the thin wings is shown. From the view of flow field,the influence of spinning on gas flow nearby the body of missile,the bending of surface streamline and the helical-like streamline pattern in the wake are demonstrated.


Elimination of contaminants from the environment by microorganisms of different taxonomic groups is a genetically determined property, which has already been widely discussed. Until recently, plants still occupying above 40% of the world land, were considered as organisms having only a limited potential for contaminants conjugation and accumulation within cell organelles. Analysis of experimental data of last two decades revealed the high ecological potential of plants. It has been exposed deep degradation processes proceeding in higher plants and in the majority leading to complete detoxification of anthropogenic contaminants: the enzymes carrying out oxida- tion and conjugation processes have been revealed and characterised; formation of anthropogenic contaminants conjugates with endogenous compounds and enzymes participating in this process has been shown. However, still there are uncertain questions closely related to the contaminants multistage degradation process in plants, the authors are making an attempt to evaluate different aspects of plants, ecological potential from the modern under- standing, revealing the criterion for the evaluation of deviations under the action of contaminants in the ultrastruc- tural architectonics of plant cells. © 2007 Bull. Georg. Natl. Acad. Sci.


Although Salmonella suipestifer , long known as the "hog cholera bacillus," is most commonly found in diseased swine, human infections with this micro-organism have been occasionally reported. In the United States these have usually occurred as outbreaks of food poisoning, with the acute and transient gastro-enteritis which is characteristically caused by certain other members of the paratyphoid group of bacteria. Two of these outbreaks have been traced to tapioca pudding 1 ; one was milk-borne. 2 Exceptions to these cases of food poisoning have been a fatal infection diagnosed as lobar pneumonia, in which Salmonella suipestifer was isolated from the blood 3 ; another lung infection in which the organism was found in the sputum, blood and pleural fluid, 4 and a fatal case simulating typhoid 5 in which Salmonella suipestifer was found in the blood. In other countries definitely identified strains of Salmonella suipestifer have been associated with food poisonings, 6 and


Thank you for downloading an introduction to operating systems. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their favorite novels like this an introduction to operating systems, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious bugs inside their laptop. an introduction to operating systems is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the an introduction to operating systems is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) have been recognized as successful for processing pseudo-spatial graph representations of the underlying structure of documents. We present Cardinal Graph Convolutional Networks (CGCN), an efficient and flexible extension of GCNs with cardinal-direction awareness of spatial node arrangement. The formulation of CGCNs retains the traditional GCN permutation invariance, ensuring directional neighbors are involved in learning abstract representations, even in the absence of a proper ordering of the nodes. We show that CGCNs achieve state of the art results on an invoice information extraction task, jointly learning a word-level tagging as well as document meta-level classification and regression. We also present a new multiscale Inception-like CGCN block-layer, as well as Conv-Pool-DeConv-DePool UNet-like architecture, which increase the receptive field. We demonstrate the utility of CGCNs on private and public datasets, with respect to several baseline models: sequential LSTM, transformer classifier, non-cardinal GCNs, and an image-convolutional approach.


To overcome article-oriented search functions and provide author-oriented ones, a namesake problem for author names should be solved. Author disambiguation, proposed as its solution, assigns identifiers of real individuals to author name entities. Although recent state-of-the-art approaches to author disambiguation have reported above 90% performance, there are few academic information services which adopt author-resolving functions. This paper describes a large-scale test set for author disambiguation which was created by KISTI to foster author resolution researches. The result of these researches can be applied to academic information systems and make better service. The test set was constructed from DBLP data through web searches and manual inspection, Currently it consists of 881 author names, 41,673 author name entities, and 6,921 person identifiers.


Herein reported is a strategy for constructing vicinal 4°/3° carbons via reductive Cope rearrangement. Substrates have been designed which exhibit Cope rearrangement kinetic barriers of ∼23 kcal mol−1 with isoenergetic favorability (ΔG ∼ 0). These fluxional/shape-shifting molecules can be driven forward by chemoselective reduction to useful polyfunctionalized building blocks.


The purpose of the paper is to show how to expand the low code interactive framework in order to develop a web app for the broad needs of different fields. The goal of this work is to give a chance to computer science senior project students to work on a broad spectrum of projects using Apache, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, and MySQL. In this paper, the web app keeps track of recipients of computer science certificates. The web application is interactive, responsive, secured, password and database driven app. The web app uses a MYSQL database on the web server-side to record concentration, courses, and certificates. Admins and users with proper permissions can add, delete, view, and edit recipients, categories, certificates, and courses based on a level of permission. Admins with full permissions can edit permissions for other registered accounts. They have access to the Manage Categories, Manage Certificates, Manage Courses, Manage Recipients, and Manage Users pages depending on their permissions. The web app is accessible on all devices and is designed to be mobile as well. In conclusion, the project has been successfully designed and implemented according to best practices and finally tested on a web hosting server provider.


Soft pneumatic hands offer the advantage of intrinsic mechanical compliance. We argue that to fully leverage the compliance available in soft pneumatic actuators, they should be controlled using air mass rather than position or force, as is customary in most research in soft robotics. We propose an air-mass controller that can servo to a preset position and also allows for the exploitation of fast, mechanical compliance without additional control burden. The proposed mass control scheme is based on discrete commodity valves and pressure sensors, filling a gap in available mass control systems for small-scale soft continuum actuators. The proposed mass controller exhibits low drift for mass trajectories lasting tens of seconds, without requiring a precise model of the actuator. Continuous mass control enables applications for soft robotics, in which leveraging compliance during actuation is of central importance.


India accounts for nearly one fifth of global probl em of tuberculosis. Everyday more than 20,000 people become infected wi th TB bacilli. The risk of TB transmission increases with the closeness of con tact, overcrowded living conditions, and the degree of infectiousness of a T B case. The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of tuberculosi s among close family members of TB patients who were registered under RN TCP at one of Tuberculosis Units of Pune City. A Cross Sectional Study, carried out in one of the tuberculosis units (TUs) of Pune Municipal Corp oration, Pune. All 861 tuberculosis patients who had been registered at th is unit during period of 1 st January 2007 to 31 st December 2007 under RNTCP were included as study participants. All family members were clinically ev aluated. Information about clinical evaluation was filled up in respective pro forma. Traceable study participants in present study were 284 including ex pired participants. However the information regarding family history of tubercu losis could be elicited in 237 study participants only. The point prevalence of tu berculosis amongst contacts was found to be 1.05 per 100 family contacts. (Male : 0.41, Female: 0.64). In present study, prevalence of TB amongst household c ontacts was found to be less.


Whether gamma-ray bursts are highly beamed or not is a very important question, since it has been pointed out that the beaming will lead to a sharp break in the afterglow light curves during the ultra-relativistic phase, with the breaking point determined by $\Gamma \sim 1/\theta_{0}$, where $\Gamma$ is the bulk Lorentz factor and $\theta_{0}$ is the initial half opening angle of the ejecta, and such a break is claimed to be present in the light curves of some GRBs. In this paper we will examine whether all the observed breaks in GRB afterglow light curves can be explained by jet effects. Here we present a detailed calculation of the jet evolution and emission, and have obtained a simple formula of bulk Lorentz factor evolution. We show that the light curves are very smoothly steepened by jet effect, and the shape of the light curve is determined by only one parameter -- $(E/n)^{1/8} \theta_{0}^{3/4}$, where E and n are the fireball energy and surrounding medium density. We find that for GRB990123 and GRB991216, the jet model can approximately fit their light curves, and the values of $(E_{51}/n_1)^{1/8} \theta_{0}^{3/4}$ are about 0.17 and 0.22 respectively. While for GRB990510, GRB000301c, GRB000926 and GRB010222, their light curves cannot be fitted by the jet model, which suggests that the breaks may be caused by some other reasons, jet should be not the unique reason.


Fascinating glimpses of detroit in the years before photography. Despite its inland location, Detroit's origins as a French outpost make it older than many other cities of the eastern United States. A vivid iconographic record survives for early Detroit, created by those who studied the city for military or commercial purposes. These pictures and maps are tantalizing windows into the past of this colonial metropolis of the Great Lakes during its French, British, and early American periods. Frontier Metropolis illustrates and describes all known images of Detroitin the pre-photographic era - from its founding in 1701 to 1838 - to provide a nearly complete visual chronology made by people who knew the city. Brtan Leigh Dunnigan has arranged these maps, plans, and views to show the evolution of Detroit and its community life over its first 137 years. Culled from a variety of archives and private collections, images were selected that recorded contemporary scenes, avoiding those that were made later to recapture an earlier period. Chapter introductions review issues faced by Detroit residents during the years covered, while text accompanying the images places them in their historical context and adds the descriptive words of people from the past. No other book so vividly depicts Detroit's growth from struggling agricultural community and trading post to industrial giant. Presented in a handsome, large-format design and illustrated in full color, Frontier Metropolis is a unique and captivating look at the city's rich and diverse heritage.


The leaf essential oils of Juniperus grandis were examined from throughout its range. The oil of the Yolla Bolly Mtns. putative J. grandis population was found to be most similar to J. occidentalis. The disjunct San Bernardino Mtns., J. grandis population was found to be quite differentiated from J. grandis populations in the high Sierras of California. The oils from several populations of J. occidentalis and J. osteosperma, as well as the oils of J. californica (chemotypes A and B), are compared with J. grandis. The compositions of leaf essential oils of J. grandis, J. occidentalis and J. osteosperma are presented in detail. Phytologia 92(2): 167-185 (August 2, 2010).


Teaching context and contextual approaches to teaching can play a significant role in the quality of student achievement in every, even technology education. Given that high achievements in the cognitive domain are the ultimate goal of any education, it is extremely important to understand the role and importance of the teaching context in achieving them. In this regard, research was conducted to determine the teacher's perception of the impact of elements of the teaching context and contextual approaches on the pupils' achievements in the cognitive domain in teaching general and compulsory technology education. Due to the specific traditional and cultural characteristics of the Croatian educational system, the existing structure of elements of the teaching context specific to the teaching of Technical Culture was used for research purposes. Knowledge and understanding of contents, application of knowledge, ability to self-assess achievement, and managing one's own learning were taken as general achievements in the cognitive domain. The study was conducted on a stratified sample of general and compulsory technical education teachers (N = 194) from the entire territory of the Republic of Croatia. The analysis of the research results revealed a statistically significant difference between the influence of a certain group of contextual elements and approaches on the achievements in the cognitive domain. There are dominated by the activities of students with artefacts of technology and the student's presentation of the results of their own activities. Overall, teachers' perceptions of the impact of elements of the teaching context on student achievement in the cognitive domain highlighted the dominance of the elements of the contextual approach to teaching specific to technology education. Therefore, other elements of the teaching context can only considered as a means of contextualizing the content and not a basis for developing students' cognition.


The invention discloses a hair follicle transformation agent, which consists of a Chinese medicinal extract A and a synergistic agent B, wherein the Chinese medicinal extract A comprises the following raw material components A in part by weight: 10 to 20 parts of glossy privet fruit, 10 to 20 parts of yerbadetajo herb, 10 to 20 parts of Chinese taxillus twig, 8 to 15 parts of tuber of multiflowerknotweed, 5 to 15 parts of raspberry, 8 to 15 parts of parslane herb, 8 to 15 parts of pink herb, 3 to 10 parts of Chinese angelica and 2 to 8 parts of mint; and the synergistic agent B comprises 4 to 6 parts of mixture of lysine, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and essence in any ratio. In the preparation method, Chinese medicinal clear paste is leached by a method of alcohol extract and water extract, and the synergistic agent B is prepared by crushing and grinding a synergistic solid medicine. The transformation agent can balance the secretion of scalp lipid, enhance trichotrophy, restore the vitality of the hair follicle, promote the dense growth of hair to improve the quality of new hair, and solve the problems of alopecia, withered and yellow hair, white hair and the like effectively. The hair follicle transformation agent avoids toxic and side effects, is wide in medicinal sources, low in price, easy to prepare, quick in response, wide in applicable diseases, convenient to use, safe and reliable, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.


The utility model discloses a peristaltic spray type adhesive dispenser, which comprises a frame, and a rubberizing machine and a rubber matrix supplier arranged on the frame, and a rubberizing valve bank communicated with the rubber matrix supplier; the rubberizing valve bank comprises an upper body, a lower body, a valve needle, a pull rod, and an adhesive dispensing nozzle; a valve needle hole is arranged on the upper body; one end of the valve needle is connected with the adhesive dispensing motor; the other end of the valve needle stretches into the valve needle hole; an adhesive inlet hole and an adhesive outlet hole are arranged on the pull rod; the adhesive inlet hole is communicated with the adhesive matrix supplier; one end of the adhesive outlet hole is communicated with the valve needle hole; and the other end of the adhesive outlet hole is communicated with the adhesive dispensing nozzle after the pull rod moves for a certain distance. The peristaltic spray type adhesive dispenser has high adhesive dispensing stability, and high adhesive dispensing quality.


Thispaperintroduces representations ofabnormal arcing basedonequivalent impedance derived function andfurther proposes aninhibition design grounded onimpedance change ratediagnosis infilming process ofplasma vapor deposition.


Like Muslims, Jews were outside the Christian faith but, unlike the Muslims, they were present within Christian society. The concept of boundary and that of the imagined Jew are both keys for deciphering the code of the relations between Christians and Jews in the Middle Ages, particularly in the thirteenth century. Medieval ecclesiastical legislation upheld the rights of Jews to protection and to an existence with a modicum of honour in the Christian world, and several popes issued protective bulls. An important milestone in the attitude of the church towards the Jews was the Fourth Lateran Council, convened in the Lateran Palace in Rome by Pope Innocent III. In the Middle Ages conversion generally operates in a single direction, from Judaism to Christianity, and traditionally the church continued to oppose forced conversions. The first recorded instance of Jews being accused of the ritual murder of Christians is in the mid-twelfth century.


This paper presents an agent-based method for modelling route choice behaviour under the influence of real time traffic information. The data for model development was obtained from a field survey of driver behaviour which was conducted on a congested commuting corridor in Brisbane, Australia. Fuzzy artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to describe driving behavioural rules and analyse the impacts of socioeconomic, context and information variables on individual behaviour and propensity to change route and adjust travel patterns. A number of ANN architectures were examined. The results showed that learning vector quantization (LVQ) neural network models outperformed the other architectures for this application. The models developed in this study were also interfaced to a microscopic traffic simulation tool. A number of methods to calibrate the membership functions, fuzzification, and defuzzification are reported in this study. The fuzzy-neural models are also compared against binary probit and logit models and ANN models. The results showed that the fuzzy-neural models outperformed the other models tested.(a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E214133.


A modified ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is applied to a single-stage solid missile design problem involving six degrees of freeedom (6-DOF) flight trajectory modeling. A local search procedure is also integrated with the algorithm, adding a search intensification ability that compliments the ability of ACO to thoroughly explore a solution space. The goal of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of the ant colony optimization scheme by comparing its solution output quality with those of other, well-known optimization methods. Performance is based on solution "fitness", or how closely each solution matches a specific set of performance objectives, as well as the number of calls to the objective function that are required in order to reach that solution. Additionally, an important performance criterion is to determine each algorithm0s capabilities of finding, not only a single quality solution to a design problem, but also a diverse set of additional, near-optimal solutions. The results of this study demonstrate that the modified ACO algorithm is a viable candidate as a high-performance optimization method, while the added local search method may or may not be a worthwile addition for the attempted optimization problem.


There is an important tension at the heart of feminist discussions of individualism in development studies, one that arises from philosophical questions about the relationship between feminism and individualism. On the one hand, feminists criticize development policies for assuming that women can overcome structural barriers and for prioritizing individual success over systemic change. On the other, feminists criticize development policies for treating women as vehicles for the well-being of children and households and for assuming that women are altruists. I argue that these seemingly contradictory views about individualism can be reconciled by remembering that feminism's central value is opposition to oppression, not respect for individual personhood. Feminists are not worried about women's inability to count as separate for its own sake; we are worried about its connection to the subordination of women as a group. Recognizing this allows us to embrace postcolonial feminist and care ethical critiques of egoism without thereby suggesting that it is acceptable to elide women's interests with those of families and households. I contrast my view about how to reconcile feminist tensions around individualism with two others, one that claims we should keep normative individualism and jettison methodological individualism and one that claims we should reject independence individualism.


The research proposal "BECHMARKING METHODOLOGY TO IMPLEMENT THE FINANCIAL SECTOR TO BUSINESSES IN METALMECHANICAL RISARALDA - A CASE STUDY", aimed at determining the characteristics of the
management of enterprises involved in the metalworking activity with a financial approach. Entrepreneurs of the department of Risaralda and statistical information medium of Dane, show the promising future of this sub sector of the
economy for the department. In addition, to know the key elements in the management of companies
involved in metalworking, a business management procedure to guide and facilitate the taking of the leadership not only to such companies but, in general to any institution. Among the items to consider for the characterization is: the structure of the company, the management style, methods for decision making, addressing
strategic plan of action, the analysis of competitiveness and actions aimed at ensuring a benchmarking permanence of these successful companies. To develop the methodology to propose and which will be shown throughout the document will take a metal company in the sector of Risaralda as a case study, with the following steps: Analyze the vision and mission of the
organization, to conduct strategic analysis, measure the level of competitiveness, implement a data envelopment analysis (DEA) to establish
benchmarking to conduct on the part of the company. Finally arriving at conclusions and recommendations of the research developed.


Confidentiality in International Commercial Arbitration is important to parties dealing in commercially sensitive information. Arbitrating parties have legitimate expectations of confidentiality, which is addressed to varying degrees in national laws, the courts and institutional rules. This paper assesses the irregular approach to confidentiality internationally, with a particular focus on the comprehensive codification of the obligation in New Zealand under the Arbitration Act 1996. The paper focuses in particular on confidentiality expectations in arbitration related court proceedings, which is where a careful balance must be struck between the principle of open justice and the protection of confidentiality. In assessing the application regime under the New Zealand statute, the paper explores comparative approaches and possible options for reform, concluding that an appropriate change would be to more readily allow consenting parties to have access to private court proceedings.


DDoS attacks are a critical issue for companies that have been integrating their technology to public networks, allowing multiple attackers to access data or render services to large companies or countries The Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks affect the availability of Web services for an indeterminate period of time, flooding the company's servers with fraudulent requests and denying requests from legitimate users, generating economic losses by unavailable rendered services. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to show the process of detection prototype DDoS attacks using a supervised learning model by Support Vector Machines (SVM), which captures network traffic, filters HTTP headers, normalizes the data on the basis of the operational variables: rate of false positives, rate of false negatives, rate of classification and then sends the information to corresponding training and testing sets With the selected attributes, various machine learning models, like Navies Bayes ,SVM, and proposed methods based on Navies Bayes are developed for efficient detection of DDoS attacks. Then our experimental results show that Fuzzy c-means clustering gives better accuracy in identifying the attacks.


Based on the experimental facts, the quantitative relationship between the activation level of human brain areas and the intensity of subjective experience is deduced and a mathematical formula relating the relevant parameters is obtained.


ABSTRACT The study aimed at understanding the implications of compensation packages for the social networks of displaced persons in Uganda's oil-rich Albertine Graben. Questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, and observations were used to obtain data from purposively selected respondents. Qualitative data was analysed using content analysis while quantitative data analysis entailed generating descriptive statistics (percentages) and inferential analysis was performed through cross-tabulation by way of chi-square tests. There was a significant association between compensation type and social network distortion for the affected groups (p = 0.000). Institutional management of different compensation packages exhibited professional shortcomings that need to be addressed to build sustainable social networks such as credit facilities. We thus recommend that government involves all stakeholders at every development phase and that compensation rates are continuously updated to allow for fair compensation rates in future and effective resettlement procedures during induced-displacement and resettlement processes.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the bacterial resistance of clinical isolates obtained from our hospital and to determine the changes of drug-resistant bacteria during the years of 2001 to 2004 for the guidance of rational use of antibiotics. METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates from our hospital was tested by Kirby-Bauer plate dilution method and the collected resistance data were analyzed with the software of WHONET 5.1. RESULTS Of 2 127 clinical isolates,the isolates of Gram positives and negatives were 497 and 1 630,accounted for 23.4% and 76.6%,respectively.The top nine isolates were Escherichia coli,(Pseudomonas aeruginosa),Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter,(Staphylococcus epidermidis),Enterobacter cloacae,Enterococcus,S.aureus and Citrobacter.MRSA and MRSE accounted for 68.2% and 85.6% in S.aureus and S.epidermidis.No vancomycin resistant strains were found.The ESBLs producing strains accounted for 24.4% and 22.7% in E.coli and K.pneumoniae,respectively.The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to the third generation cephalosporins,imipenem and the quinolones was about 50%,16% and less than 30%,respectively.The resistance rate of P.aeruginosa to ceftazidime and imipenem was 21.3% and 13.4%. CONCLUSIONS The resistance of commonly encoutered bacteria to antimicrobial agents in this hospital is a serious problem and bacteriological tests and resistance data should be emphasized for the purpose of rational use of antimicrobial agents and the containment of antibiotic abuse.


The role that localization training plays in translator training programs is scrutinized with particular reference to the School of Applied Linguistics and Cultural Studies at the University of Mainz in Germany. Specific examples are given of the three types of courses that are run under the umbrella of localization, namely translation for localization (emphasis on software and websites), electronic tools for translators, and theoretical issues of localization. A four-level model of translating for localization is introduced encompassing an introduction to localization and computer systems followed by website and software localization and finally the research component. The importance of real-world examples and project work is emphasized throughout, with particular reference to organization and management and familiarity with industry tools and, at the higher level, the value of thorough research.


A fuzzy instruction set of a parameterized fuzzy number is proposed. The instruction set supports the versatility of the fuzzy information. An architecture of the fuzzy processor is also outlined. Then, to confirm the capability of the instructions, examples concerning human inference intuitive control, and decision-making are demonstrated. The results described are satisfactory; they confirm that this system is suitable for fuzzy information processing.<<ETX>>


The invention relates to the use of compounds of formula (I), wherein R , R , R and R have the designations cited in patent claim 1, and to the physiologically acceptable salts and solvates of said compounds, for the treatment of obesity, sub-types of anxiety, sub-types of schizophrenia and types of dementia of various origins.


(a) because of the variable level of fat suppression. Both 3DPR-SSFP with WC-SSFP (b) and IDEAL 3DPR-SSFP (c) provide a more consistent level of fat suppression allowing for better delineation of fine fibroglandular structure. IDEAL 3DPR-SSFP (c) also resolves fat-water swap due to B0 inhomogeneity in superior region of the breast. Red arrows: Note tiny gap in fibroglandular tissue in WC SSFP (see text) Improved Fat Suppression With High Resolution Balanced Steady State Imaging in the Breast