In this paper, we use melodic multisensor information fusion combined with 5G IoT to conduct an in-depth study and analysis of the experience model of piano performance. In the form of multimodal data, two main storage forms, audio and MIDI, are chosen. First, audio signal processing technology and deep learning technology are used to extract shallow and high-level feature sequences in turn, and then, the alignment of the two modal data is completed with the help of sequence alignment algorithm. For the problem that encrypted data cannot be queried by uploading blockchain, this paper proposes an IoT encrypted data query mechanism based on blockchain and Bloom's filter. The blockchain stores IoT encrypted indexes by temporal attributes to ensure data consistency, tamper-evident, and traceability. A new loss function training multimodal model is designed for piano performance signals. The piano performance generated by this model differs from the traditional piano performance generation in that it does not need to add complex piano performance rules manually but generates piano performance directly with piano performance theory rules by training the initial piano performance dataset and improves the stability of the generated piano performance by chord constraints and enhances the note dependence on time. In the analysis of the experimental results, the generated melodies were invited 50 for evaluation and analysis. The overall style-based GAN network piano performance generation model proposed in the study makes the generated piano performance melodies more pleasing to the ear through chord constraints and the content of autonomous learning moments, which has important theoretical and practical implications for the creation and realization of mass and batch piano performances.


A switch consisting of two electrodes separated by a polythene sheet and which is closed by driving a rivet through the dielectric, so as to firmly join the electrodes, has operated in 40kV circuits with peak currents up to 600kA and passing a total charge of 2500 coulombs. The switch closes in about 50?s with shot-to-shot variations of ± 1 ?s. The metal-to-metal contact has a d.c. resistance of about 1 ? ?. The rivet is driven by a hammer repelled from a fixed coil which is pulse-energised from an auxiliary capacitor


This paper discusses the new technology and highlights the role of Academic Librarians in the 21st Century. All Academic libraries are facing many challenges posed by the digital environment. LIS professionals offering as a consultant to the user in technological age. Library is a social institution to provide accurate information requirement according to the users. Therefore, in twenty first century it is the need of period that a LIS professional increasing skill for facing challenges in technological age for making knowledge society. For today's librarian having professional degrees in library and information science or knowledge Resource Centre is not sufficient and fulfil for the past. LIS professionals are facing new challenge how to use technology effectively in library. Therefore, the topic of discussion is the exact situation of LIS profession and its challenges how to use of technology. This paper tries to reflect some soft skills required for the library and information professionals working at IT environment.


The study of the self-protective behaviors of dairy cows suffering dipteral insect infestation is important for evaluating the breeding environment and cows' selective breeding. The current practices for measuring diary cows' self-protective behaviors are mostly by human observation, which is not only tedious but also inefficient and inaccurate. In this paper, we develop an automatic monitoring system based on video analysis. First, an improved optical flow tracking algorithm based on Shi-Tomasi corner detection is presented. By combining the morphological features of head, leg, and tail movements, this method effectively reduces the number of Shi-Tomasi points, eliminates interference from background movement, reduces the computational complexity of the algorithm, and improves detection accuracy. The detection algorithm is used to calculate the number of tail, leg, and head movements by using an artificial neural network. The accuracy range of the tail and head reached [0.88, 1] and the recall rate was [0.87, 1]. The method proposed in this paper which provides objective measurements can help researchers to more effectively analyze dairy cows' self-protective behaviors and the living environment in the process of dairy cow breeding and management.


The idea of "Political novel"was first introduced into literary by LIANG Qi-chao in December,1898.It is generally thought that the first political novel of China is the Future of New China produced by LIANG Qi-chao in 1902.However,according to the defines to"Political novel",the Omitted Events of Xuanhe in Song Dynasty as the existing first Water Margin novels is political novel,and all the Water Margin novels are political novels.China's not only lack of political novel,but its time must be advanced to the occasion of the Song and Yuan Dynasty,that is the time of the Omitted Events of Xuanhe in Song Dynasty' birth.


Abstract The Hendrik Verwoerd Dam is the principal storage dam of the Orange River Project. At full supply level the water impounded by the dam wall imposes an additional load of over 5 billion metric tons on the earth's surface. This large mass of water has altered the gravitational field of the earth, causing local changes in the shape of the geoid in the vicinity of the dam. These changes have been calculated. The method which was used is described, and the results which were obtained are presented and discussed.


A novel solvent scouring machine for worsted and woolen woven fabrics was developed. It uses 1.1.1.-trichloroethane with some special inhibitors as solvent and hot water for removing the solvent from the fabric. This paper covers the following subjects:(1) Control for the maintenance of optimum degree of degreasing.(2) Prevention of fabric contamination due to dye-stuff migration from the yarn-dyed fabrics scoured.(3) Problems associated with solvent removal by means of hot water.(4) Consumption of energy, water and solvent.(5) Treatment of waste water and sludge.(6) Cost comparison with conventional processes.Several finishing firms who use the system in commercial production have the following assessment.(1) The system is free from uneven dyeing due to irregular scouring and the color obtained is brighter than with conventional scouring.(2) Energy and water consumption is less than 50% and overall processing cost is 47-83% of the figures for conventional processes.


Our aim in this study is to investigate the linguistic strategies professors use at the University to mitigate their disagreements, reach their academic and scientific interests and save each others' face. Disagreement is a threatening speech act which threatens the individual's positive face. It implies criticism, disapproval and contradicts our desire to be socially approved and appreciated. At the Academy it seems to be much more complex, hence the necessity to be studied. Our study is based on Brown and Levinson's Politeness Theory (1978, 1987); on Goffman's idea of face (1967) and on 1 Estudo apresentado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística da UFMG para a obtenção do título de Doutora em Linguística. A divergência na academia: estratégias discursivas 16 Horizontes de Linguística Aplicada, ano 10, n. 2, jul./dez. 2011 some assumptions of Conversation Analysis. The result suggests that professors care about each other's face and also about their social relationships and, to preserve them, use different mitigating strategies, but they will not hesitate to prove that their ideas are the most reasonable and must be adopted.


This paper focuses on Initial Teacher Training (ITT) within a Further Education College in the south-east of England. It is based on a small-scale research project among 106 adults who successfully studied for the City & Guilds qualification Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector (PTLLS) between 2010 and 2013, a time of significant change in ITT policy. It explores the opinions of 29 self-selecting participants who completed an online questionnaire using the SurveyMonkey tool. The results show that trainee teachers seem to be optimistic for their future and a large majority of respondents would support the establishment of an FE Guild. Teacher Educators will note that 82% of the respondents have obtained some teaching experience since completing PTLLS. The survey found that only a small number of respondents had progressed to higher levels of teacher training since completing PTLLS, although a variety of future career plans were being made.


This article presents the results of the analysis of the creation and operation of multi-wheeled vehicle filling stations for the significance of creating a generalized methodological apparatus in order to ensure a sustainable reduction in the risk of accidents, explosions, man-made disasters and reduce the mortality of people at gas stations. More and more people are killed, injured and burned if fire safety measures are not followed when refueling large multi-axle wheeled vehicles. Accidents and explosions cause significant damage directly to the gas station itself, as well as to tankers carrying explosive fuel and substances. The substances used are mainly characterized by fire and explosion hazards. Therefore, in addition to pollution of environmental objects such as soil, air and water resources, and, as a result, changes in the ecosystem, further fire or explosion is possible. In this case, there is both an energy impact on neighboring objects, and their possible destruction. This article discusses the indicators of accidents in the event of accidents on vehicles, primarily on tankers, a preliminary assessment of the consequences of accidents and the possibility of taking measures to prevent the factors leading to them. The creation of a generalized methodological apparatus for assessing the consequences of accidents will make it possible to assess emerging emergencies without dividing them into classes of transported substances.


Criminal jurisprudence is a very important core curriculum in the legal education system.Its classroom teaching goals should focus on systematic mastery of the course theory.To achieve the teaching goals and develop the students' ability needed for future career,it need to improve teaching methods and instructional design,reform of the examination and assessment method,optimize the teaching procedure.


The characteristics of logistic centers location at present are analyzed firstly.Secondly,the whole programming period is divided into several representative periods according to the characteristics of dynamic diversification of demands.And a multiple-period robust location model of distribution logistics centers of enterprise is constructed by using the chance constrained programming.The programming takes the total cost and the cost change as the object under the condition of uncertainties about the customer's demands and the manufacture center's supply power.Then,the solving method about the above dynamic robust location model is discussed in order to indicate two feasible approaches that are the transform of determinate equivalence class and the random simulation.A practical example is used to demonstrate the rationality and the validity of the model at last.


New architectures of FPGA devices combine different type of logic elements like look-up tables, flip-flops and memory blocks. But standard synthesis methods utilize only look-up tables and flip-flops and it makes that device utilization is not optimal one. Methods of synthesis and implementation of Mealy finite state machines into Field Programmable Devices there are presented in this work. Proposed methods of synthesis are dedicated into developed multi-level structures of digital circuits of finite state machines. Architectures of designed structures are based on existence of decoders as second-level circuits. Methods of synthesis are based on the multiple encoding. There is also proposed hardware implementation into an FPGA device of developed multi-level structures. The hardware implementation is based on an implementation with use of look-up tables and memory blocks together. It leads to better utilization of a device that standard methods gives. Proposed methods have been implemented by academic software for logic synthesis of automata. Conducted experiments shown that these methods are effective for FPGA devices.


The result of study revealed that social and economic condition of women is not well in rural areas due to poverty and lack of education so government should take initiatives for women empowerment to improve their living standard in rural areas.


In allusion to the insufficiencies such as difficulties in knowledge acquisition,weak inference capability,low intelligence level and bad practicality of traditional expert systems,the paper introduces design concepts of BP neural network applies to expert system for fault diagnosis of rural biogas project.This expert system is based on these questions,which are faced in using marshal system,and it makes design model for the biogas engineering of rural curtilage.Furthermore,it explains those questions and gives some division to support,some information for being looked for,resolving method,and so on.


Novel materials, notably quantum-dot (QD) semiconductor structures offer the unique possibility of combining exploitable spectral broadening of both gain and absorption with ultrafast carrier dynamic properties. Thanks to these characteristics QD-based devices have enhanced the properties of ultrashort pulse lasers and opened up new possibilities in ultrafast science and technology. In this paper we review the recent progress on the development of novel quantumdot SESAM structures for different lasers. We also demonstrate that QD structures can be designed to provide compact and efficient ultrashort pulse laser sources with high and low repetition rates.


In Wyner-Ziv video coding, efficient compression is achieved by exploiting source statistics at the decoder only, which is radically different from conventional video coding. The performance of a Wyner-Ziv video codec is greatly dependent on the quality of reconstructed side information, which is an estimation version of current frame. Therefore the correlation between Wyner-Ziv (WZ) frame and key frame implicitly affects the performance of a Wyner-Ziv video codec. In this paper, an adaptive key frame selection method is proposed. Firstly, a simply interest points detector is utilized to detect interest points of a video frame. Then, a kind of interest points based measure, which could represent the correlation between video frames, is performed. If the number of different interest points between two video frames is below a threshold, then it should be transmitted as a key frame, otherwise as a WZ frame. Our experimental results are promising. About 1 dB gain in the quality of reconstructed frames has been achieved


The present study assessed the topical potential of nanofibers loaded with Mupirocin (MUP) for the treatment of burns. Nanofibers of MUP were composed of Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP), Gelatin Type-A, and Ethanol using two methods: Solvent casting and Electrospinning. Nanofibers were characterized for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Drug Content Studies, in-vitro drug permeation, antibacterial and stability studies. The FT-IR studies showed that the Electrospinning technique had a very good mixing of MUP with the polymer. SEM studies showed that the morphology of electrospinning nanofibers had diameters in the range of 70.41 nm- 406.83 nm. The thermal decomposition studies of optimized Nanofiber (E.S.1) were performed by DSC and TGA study and it was found that the formulation had high stability in high-temperature environments. Permeation studies showed that E.S.1 had the highest percentage amount and controlled release of the drug (90 %) up to 8 has compared to other formulations. Nanofibers prepared through the Electrospinning technique showed better antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus as compared to the Solvent casting nanofibers. This research suggested that MUP loaded nanofibers can be potentially used as a topical drug delivery system for the treatment of burns.


Amphibole fibres have been exposed to a unitbrm magnetic field while suspended in a dilute solution of celloidin in amyl acetate. The solvent was allowed to evaporate while the field was maintained so as to obtain a coherent film of magnetically oriented fibres bonded together by celloidin. X-ray-diffraction patterns were then recorded in transmission geometry, and the orientation of the fibrils around their fibre axis was determined. The fibres are oriented in azimuth as well as lengthwise, though those that align normal to the field show a much more restricted range of azimuthal orientations than those that align parallel to the field. Crystallographic control of the principal maguetic axes is discussed; the orientation properties are not fully explained, but their attribution to magretite present in bulk samples is rejected.


Summary form only given, as follows. Today's business world more and more relies on faster and reliable access to information and knowledge. The creation of the underlying content structures to represent the knowledge, like business data (structured information), text and multimedia information, is becoming an important driving factor for those who rely on the knowledge. The rapid transformation in various business segments (e.g., banking or automotive) creates a need for re-skilling the workforce and managing the human capital (HCM) even more effectively than in the past. The creation of new products and services also implies the usage of collaborative business processes (CBP) as very often not only one organization or company has the dedicated skills to create the products only by themselves. Both areas, the HCM and the CBP, have a significant need to apply technologies that are currently being built to support e-learning. The powerful combination of instructional design and collaborative elements for e-learning offers new capabilities to build the bases for new content and services. This paper gives an overview on some aspects of the lifelong learning (L3) lighthouse project, a multiyear project to create an educational framework and backbone for adult education. In more depth a joint development between SAP and various research partners is presented that provides a set of concepts and prototypes to deliver tools and infrastructure to allow collaborative e-learning, based on instructional design.


A Porcentage of the concentration of Inmunoglobulinas in total saliva and whey in a sample of healthy people between l8 and 35 years and 90 sick people of HIV in the phase II, III, IV between l8 and 45 years old. In the group of the control group was obtained, these values could be related with the measure of the sickness and with the symptomatology previous to each case.


Article 149 EC The Union shall contribute to the development of quality education by encouraging cooperation between Member States and, if necessary, by supporting and supplementing their action, while fully respecting the responsibility of the Member States for the content of teaching and the organisation of education systems and their cultural and linguistic diversity.


Aims:  To investigate the microbial community in sunki, an indigenous, unsalted, fermented vegetable, made from the leaves of red beet.


Determining the cardinality and describing the structure of H‐free graphs is well‐investigated for many graphs H. In the nineties, Prömel and Steger proved that for a graph H with chromatic number k + 1 almost all graphs not containing H as a subgraph are k‐colorable if and only if H contains a color‐critical edge. We strengthen the concept of H‐free to induced subgraph containment, proving that if H has coloring number k + 1 then almost all H‐free graphs can be covered by k graphs that are cliques or independent sets if and only if H is in some well‐defined sense critical. The family of critical graphs includes C4 and C2k+1 for all k ≥ 3. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2011


Objective To know the mental status of the persons of voluntarily stopping drugs. Methods 50 heroin reliers following voluntarily stopping drugs were assessed by using SDS and SAS. Results For the persons of stopping drugs, SDS and SAS scores were significantly higher than normal mode (both P 0.01). The occurrence of depressive and anxious symptoms was 52.0 % and 46.0 % respectively, moreover 38.0 % persons of stopping drugs had no depressive and anxious symptoms. The age limit of heroin misuses and usage every day in the persons with depressive symptoms were greater than those without depressive symptoms ( t =2.99, P 0.01 ; t = 2.29 , P 0.05, respectively). Conclusion The persone with heroin misuses had anxiety and depression. During the process of stopping drugs and recovery, acitve and effective mental intervention and focusing nursing countermeasures could reduce the rate of re taking drugs.


Coffee is the one of favorite drink for any people ranging from teenagers, adults to the elderly. Some coffee companies competefor gething trusth of the public. Seeing the development of the coffee in Indonesian more increased, the
produsent must finding the new question to create instant coffee with various flavors. ABC coffee and Torabika coffee is the one of the coffe companies that created a coffee milk. The purpose of this research is for knowing the differences of customers who buy and consume of ABC coffee milk and Torabika coffee milk.
This research uses quantitative research methods with comparison type.
Population and samples in this research were using students of faculty of social sciences and political sciences from universitas of pembangunan nasional east java. Assessment differences of coffee measured by using a likert scale
questionnaire was distributed to 100 respondents who had consumed coffee ABC milk and Torabika milk. Used variables to measure the quality of coffee product are quality variables product with indicator variables such as composition, flavor, smell and colour andthen brand variables product with indicator varoables are brand that is memorable and brand have a positive conotation.
The result of this research indicate that there are significant differences in the variable quality of the products. Quality from Torabika milk more supperior than
ABC milk. While for brand products are not significant difference. This is because both of products a has a well known brand communiyi and has a positive connotation.

Keywords: Comparative Test, Quality Products, Brand Products


The purpose of this article is to report the results of research by Yogi Iswanto, a student of UMG Aama Islam Study Program, Department of Islamic Religion. The place where the research took place was at SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Gresik. The benefits of this research include: a) introducing UMG students to the university environment, b) increasing the creativity of PAI students in teaching, and c) adding references to learning innovations for educators. The subjects of this study were seventh grade students of SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Gresik. The initial conditions before conducting the research, the researchers made observations about the irregularities of students in the field affected by the pandemic and it turned out that some of the students' characters were still not formed, such as: less active, indifferent, less daring to express opinions, and lack of cooperation or cohesiveness between students. each other and can be called a slow learner. However, after conducting a trial by being given a Tajweed-based audio book media, this was very contradictory. Students began to show enthusiasm in learning and began to pay attention to what was said or done by the subject teacher, as well as the cohesiveness between students and the courage in expressing opinions.


Adenylyl cyclase (AC)‐stimulated cAMP is a key mediator of collecting duct (CD) Na and water transport. AC isoforms 3, 4 and 6 are expressed in the CD; while AC6 is involved in modulating CD Na and water transport, the roles of AC3 and AC4 in this regard are unknown. Therefore, we generated mice with loxP‐flanked critical exons in AC3 and AC4 genes and bred with mice expressing the AQP‐2/Cre transgene to yield CD principal cell (PC)‐specific knockout (KO) of AC3 or AC4. Isolated inner medullary CD (IMCD) showed 100% genomic target gene recombination in both KO lines, while renal papillary AC3 or AC4 mRNA were significantly reduced in CD AC3 or AC4 KO mice, respectively. CD AC3 or AC4 KO had no effect on AVP‐stimulated cAMP generation in isolated IM, although AngII‐stimulated cAMP was reduced in IM from CD AC3 KO mice. CD AC3 or AC4 KO did not alter water intake, urine volume, urine osmolality or plasma AVP during baseline or water restriction as compared to control mice. Na intake, urinary Na excretion, plasma renin concentration and blood pressure on a normal or high Na diet were not affected by CD AC3 or AC4 KO. Further, CD AC3 KO did not alter baseline or AVP‐stimulated ENaC activity as assessed by patch clamp of split‐open isolated cortical CD. In summary, these data suggest that AC3 and AC4 do not play a key role in physiologic regulation of CD Na and water handling.


In anticipation of the moment he will encounter Simryn Gill's Where to draw the line, Lee Weng Choy revisits a gift given to him by the artist, and speculates about the role of intimacy in her practice.


Adsorption of deuteriated water onto activated carbon has been studied using magic-angle spinning (MAS)2H NMR. At 2H2O vapour concentrations below 80% relative humidity a single line of moderate width is observed. The peak is chemically shifted by 6–8 ppm to low frequency of the signal for bulk 2H2O. At high relative humidities ( > 80%) a further, sharper, 2H NMR signal was observed close to the chemical shift of bulk 2H2O. The observed chemical shifts and line widths are discussed in terms of the adsorption of the 2H2O into the porous carbon substrate.Signal intensities were measured relative to a standard sample and an adsorption isotherm plotted. The results are consistent with the standard gravimetric isotherm method for the sample. However, NMR offers the advantage of the direct observation of the chemical species present in various locations within the sample.


This paper presents a new three-phase anti-resonance hybrid delta-connected capacitor bank for power factor correction in low-voltage industrial power systems. In general, shunt capacitors connected in series with reactors should be designed carefully before installation in order to avoid series and/or parallel harmonic resonance between the capacitors and system inductances. However, the system parameters vary dynamically according to the power system configurations and loads. Consequently, harmonic resonance might occur after the capacitors have been installed. The main objective of the proposed hybrid capacitor bank is to compensate for reactive power without any harmonic resonance. The hybrid capacitor bank is a combination of delta-connected capacitors connecting in series with three small-rating single-phase inverters without any matching transformer. The inverter is used to improve the characteristics of the capacitors. This paper deals with the implementation and control of the hybrid capacitor bank. Experimental results verify the viability and the effectiveness of the proposed anti-resonance hybrid delta-connected capacitor bank for reactive power compensation.


Many plastic geared transmissions contain crossed-axis worm drives in the first stage. The purpose is usually to achieve high reduction and/or tailored package size. The need for precision control of worm and helical gear geometry is just as important for this gear mesh as for any other. A myriad of molded flaws can degrade or destroy the performance of these gears. Pitch, tooth thickness, and lead errors are only a few possibilities. Barrel shaped, tapered, or hourglass bodies must be identified and controlled. Asymmetrical teeth are a distinct possibility as well. The only proper way to detect and evaluate these conditions is to scan and analyze these gears in three dimensions. The traditional method of scanning only one section of the tooth on a worm and then scanning the lead at the pitch line will not reveal many molded gear error sources. Measuring pitch or tooth thickness by taking single point measurements around the gear will also miss many errors. We have developed scanning and analysis techniques to accurately map the size and accuracy of these truly three-dimensional involute gear shapes.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


Purpose: The Corona Virus disease popularly known as COVID-19 was first diagnosed in humans in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The study sought to analyze the influence of psychosocial factors on role performance among COVID-19 frontline Healthcare Workers in Busia County, Kenya.
Methodology: Cross-sectional   research design was employed and multi stage sampling adopted to get the sample size of 298 respondents from a population of 873 frontline healthcare workers in Busia County, Kenya. Data were collected using questionnaire and interview schedule. The collected data were analyzed with multivariate regression analysis while qualitative findings were transcribed under themes.
Findings: The variation explained by the psychosocial factors was 0.098 (9.8%). This did not change much after inclusion of confounders in the model with the final model (0.133). The study concluded that work-related psychosocial factors, especially emotional demands, work pace and role conflicts contributed to challenging work performance. Therefore psychosocial factors were a major predictor of role performance.
Recommendation: The study recommends need to use based psychosocial factors to help change frontline HCWs working practices in order to enable them realize full potential in role performance.


1. Several working procedures in agriculture cause a high or even to high work load.
2. With the energy consumption model from HETTINGER & SPITZER working postures, types of work and the consumption of energy can be analyzed.
3. Based on a detailed work time calculation system like LISL working postures, types of work and energy consumption profiles along the working duration can been predicted.
4. For different milking systems these method shows impressive
results.
5. The use of this method in extension as well as in the education of students gives an additional benefit of work time calculations and it opens the eyes for labour improvements.


We develop a theory of labor contracting in which negative productivity shocks lead to costly job loss, despite unlimited possibilities for renegotiating wage contracts. Such fragile contracts emerge from firms' trade-offs between robustness of incentives in ongoing employment relationships and costly specific investment. Contractual fragility can serve as a powerful mechanism for propagating underlying productivity shocks: in a simulated matching market equilibrium, i.i.d. shocks are greatly magnified in their effect on market output, and the effect is highly persistent. We also explore novel motivations for government policies that strengthen employment relationships.


Methods of determining the LP11 mode cut-off wavelength, λc, have been examined using a range of monomode fibre samples. The results obtained show that bending of the fibre in an uncoated condition can produce large changes in the measured value of λc. In view of the problems associated with the measurement of this parameter doubt is expressed about its use in fibre characterisation.


An apparatus for controlling the fuel pressure of an engine, comprising: (3) a fuel pressure detecting means (7) for detecting from a fuel pump (2) to a fuel injection valve (4) by a shut-off valve (5) equipped fuel supply passage supplied fuel pressure; and a fuel pressure control means (13) for controlling the drive of the fuel pump (2), so that the fuel pressure in the fuel supply channel (3) assumes a target fuel pressure, wherein the apparatus further comprises: an operation stop detecting means for detecting an operating stops; a motor ambient temperature detecting means (12) for detecting an ambient temperature of the engine; and an operation stop-time fuel pressure adjusting means for adjusting the fuel pressure in the fuel supply passage (3) during the Motorbetrebsstopps so that it becomes a pressure corresponding to the engine ambient temperature during engine operation stop, this being done by the fuel pressure control means and wherein the fuel pressure is adjusted to a value which is lower than the fuel pressure during operation of the engine by the fuel pressure is lowered initially below this value and subsequently increased to this value.


The emergence of technoscience in the twentieth century changed scientific practice and the concept of interdisciplinarity. This article examines an important example of contemporary technoscience, which is the National Science Foundation (NSF) report Converging Technologies for improving Human Performance (CTIHP), and its support for a new kind of interdisciplinarity, the nano-bio-info-cogno (NBIC) technologies. The analysis of this report shows that the NSF concept of interdisciplinarity is instrumental, selective, and apparently reductionist, in detriment of the social sciences, arts and humanities. In the thesis, it is suggested that the concept of interprofessionality is more suitable for technoscience than that of interdisciplinarity.


Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and distributed quarterly, and contains data from the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS). Data from similar networks operated by contributing states, Canada, Mexico, and the Pan American Health Organization are reported in the ERD when available. ERAMS was established in 1973 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs (ORP). The ERAMS is comprised of nationwide sampling stations that provide air, surface and drinking water, and milk samples from which environmental radiation levels are derived. The major emphasis for ERAMS is toward identifying trends in the accumulation of long-lived radionuclides in the environment. Sampling locations are selected to provide optimal population coverage while functioning to monitoring fallout from nuclear devices and other forms of radioactive contamination of the environment. The radiation analyses performed on these samples include gross alpha and gross beta levels, gamma analyses for fission products, and specific analyses for uranium, plutonium, strontium, iodine, radium, krypton, and tritium.


Aim. To study the genetic stability of the measles virus strain Leningrad-16 (L-16) used for the production of vaccine at JSC NPO Mikrogen.Materials and methods. A series of production and sowing strains of L-16 (JSC NPO Mikrogen), ready-made series of measles vaccines from various manufacturers, and the strain of measles virus genotype D6 were studied. Molecular genetic study of the strains was performed using RT-PCR followed by restriction analysis and sequencing.Results. The complete genome sequences of the production and sowing strains of L-16 that are used for vaccine production were obtained. The sequence of the vaccine strain was deposited in GenBank. Strain L-16 was confirmed to be genetically stable. The obtained data demonstrated the possibility of using the RT-PCR method with subsequent restriction analysis to confirm the authenticity of the vaccine strain L-16 in finished mono and three component vaccines.Conclusion. The results of the study suggest the applicability of the molecular genetic methods to confirm the authenticity of the studied strains not only at the production stages, but also in the finished series of vaccines.


Readers will have noticed a new design for the cover, which appeared just in time for the previous issue but too late for editorial comment. This design is the most visible of several changes that have been made recently better to communicate the raison d'être of this journal. Apart from the cover image, these include a new brief statement, a longer one beneath it on ISR's leading web page and improvements in how unsolicited submissions are processed. The image, 'Two men discussing coming hunt' (1961), by Inuit artist Qabaroak Qaisiya of Kinngait (formerly Cape Dorset), Nunavut, Canada, was already an altogether too indistinct and incomplete part of ISR's cover. With communication of the journal's fundamental purpose in mind, I wanted to foreground Qaisiya's powerful image so that it would act emphatically on the word 'science', by implication enlarging its semantics beyond the natural sciences, back to the larger dimensions of scientia, as is the journal's actual scope. This is not to exclude, push away or 'soften' the scientific but to stretch its meaning (Lloyd 2021). I also wanted by means of the image to suggest ISR's communal purpose. Students of conversation and of social intelligence more broadly will, I trust, appreciate Qaisiya's conjuring of the two hunters' shared mind. To paraphrase cognitive scientist Andy Clark, we are nudged to attend to how, in the betweenness of their relation, they create a common understanding, hence to see that much of what matters about our intelligence is hidden not in the brain, nor invested in any technology, but brought about through the complex and integrated interactions and collaborations between ourselves, each other and the world (Clark 2001, 153–4). Thanks are due to Dorset Fine Arts, Toronto, Canada, for permission to reproduce 'Two men discussing coming hunt' and to the staff of Taylor & Francis for patiently translating into an effective design my notions of what would look right. I would also like to welcome to the Editorial Board, Dr Ksenia Tatarchenko (Singapore Management University). In addition I am happy to announce the appointment of our new Communications Editor, Gee Abraham.


Deletion–insertion (delins) variants in the retina‐specific ATP‐binding cassette transporter gene, subfamily A, member 4 (ABCA4) accounts for <1% in Stargardt disease. The consequences of these delins variants on splicing cannot be predicted with certainty without supporting in vitro data.


This study undertakes an investigation on the effects of an endurance exercise training programme on axial muscle in the cyprinid species Chalcalburnus chalcoides mento (Agassiz, 1832), the Danube bleak. Previous studies on this species revealed biochemical evidence that it is white axial muscle which responds to an endurance training. To determine whether this could be verified also on a structural basis, red, intermediate and white axial muscle were investigated by means of histochemistry, electronmicroscopy and morphometry. Compared to other cyprinid species, the Danube bleak responds to an endurance exercise training regime with adaptive changes of fast white muscle rather than slow red muscle. Qualitative and quantitative analyses revealed that training induced significant increases in fibre diameters of intermediate and white muscle fibres and capillary supply in red and white muscle as well as volume density of myofibrils in red muscle fibres. Volume densities of mitochondria and lipid, and mATPaseand SDH-activity were unaffected. It is concluded that this adaptive strategy enables this fish with its typical burst-like mode of swimming (which was maintained for the whole period of the training) to meet the specific demands of an endurance exercise training.


The effect of pressure atomization with wall impingement on the atomization characteristics was examined in a real scale jet engine burner. The air velocity was set from 41 to 92 m/s, and the liquid injection pressure was from 0.5 to 7.5 MPa. Two laser facilities were used for measuring the droplet size and the velocity. Applying the pressure atomization with wall impingement is effective to reduce the droplet size (Sauter Mean Diameter, SMD) by 1/3.6 to 1/14. There appeared a condition under which SMD was little affected by the air velocity at higher liquid injection pressure. It was also shown that the SMD dependence on the liquid injection pressure was reasonably consistent with that obtained in a basic study on pressure atomization with wall impingement. It was clearly shown that the liquid atomization regime transitioned from air blasting to pressure atomization in the correlation between size and velocity of each droplet.


This article gives a brief account of the literature already produced on the recently published Gospel of Judas, and of the manuscript's character and contents. A discussion of the work's historical and theological relevance shows that while this new 'Gospel' does not provide any reliable information about the historical figures of Jesus and Judas, it does nevertheless afford a fascinating glimpse into the conflicts between Christianity and Gnosticism in the second century.


IN 2013, CARICOM LAUNCHED THE CARICOM REPARATIONS COMMISSION (CRC), comprised of scholars, activists, and government officials from Jamaica, Barbados, St Lucia, Guyana, Suriname, Antigua, St Vincent, and Trinidad and Tobago.1 Members of the commission work with national reparation task forces and committees in the Caribbean and international supporting organisations to enhance their claims. Thus far the CRC has developed a "Ten Point Action Plan", a public statement that identifies the legacies of slavery and colonialism and makes demands for those European governments that profited from slavery and colonialism to issue an apology and to participate in a reparations programme aimed at enhancing social and economic development in the region.2 Despite the challenges of COVID-19, the CRC has continued their outreach efforts largely through social media. In July 2020 at a press conference, which featured Barbadian prime minister and chair of the prime ministerial subcommittee for reparations, Mia Mottley, CRC chair Sir Hilary Beckles announced the CRC's proposal for a three-day summit, which would involve the participation of governments, the private sector and the Church of England to discuss how "how to honour this debt to the Caribbean".3 In this essay, I explore how contemporary claims for reparations in the Caribbean challenge us to think differently about the scope and limitations of certain strands of what Cedric J. Robinson called the black radical tradition.4 Today, reparation activists situate their claims within a genealogy of Caribbean black radical responses, from the Haitian Revolution to the intellectual interventions of Caribbean thinkers and the lived experiences of those impacted by native genocide, chattel slavery and indentureship – Sir Hilary Beckles's essay "The Reparation Movement: Greatest Political Tide" and Verene A. Shepherd's and Ahmed Reid's "Women, Slavery and the Reparation Movement in the Caribbean"5 are such examples. Reading Raymond Williams, Ruth Wilson Gilmore maintains that the black radical tradition is a liminal practice that is defined by a conscious


A reliable isotope dilution method for the determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) in drinking water was developed by using an evaporation preparative step. Each sample was monitored by ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using an electrospray ionization interface (ESI) in negative ion modes. Recoveries of spiked samples were in the range from 93.2% to 95.7% with intra-day relative standard deviation lower than 6.7% and inter-day relative standard deviation lower than 8.2%. Limit of quantification (LOD) was 0.002 ng/mL. The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of CAP in drinking water of Shannan region of Tibet.


ABSTRACT This article focuses on the problem of interdicting layered networks that involve a physical flow network and an information flow network. There exist dependencies between these networks since components of the physical flow network are only operational should their counterparts in the information flow network receive enough demand. This leads to a network interdiction problem over these layered networks. The objective of the defender is to send the maximum amount of flow through its physical flow network. The objective of the attacker is to interdict components within the layered networks to minimize this maximum flow. For the case where the information supply arcs are uncapacitated, we apply a novel multi-step, dual-based reformulation technique. We apply this reformulation technique to two applications in order to provide policy-driven analysis: law enforcement efforts against illegal drug trafficking networks and cyber vulnerability analysis of infrastructure and supply chain networks. The computational results prove that our reformulation technique outperforms the traditional duality-based reformulation technique by orders of magnitude. This allows us to analyze instances of realistic size.


Compartmentalization of intracellular membrane is a marked characteristic during the pathogenesis of many viruses, which provides a microenvironment for virus to evade the host RNA interference defense response on one hand, and confines various host factors as well as metabolites in a stable space so that they can act in concert to complete virus replication cycle [1]. Recently, advanced imaging technologies such as the three-dimensional (3D) electron tomography have increasingly become a robust tool for further understanding how the cells were controlled to form the virus factory [2].

3D analysis of various virus replication complexes (VRCs) revealed that, albeit with their own distinct traits, structural similarities are present among different VRCs, suggesting viruses might adopt conserved strategies to build the replication factory during long-term evolution. For example, Kopek et al., for the first time, resolved the 3D architecture of VRCs, which shows the outer mitochondrial membrane-invaginated 50 nm vesicles (spherules) in the flock house virus (FHV)-infected Drosophila cells [3]. Recently, we also generated the first 3D architecture of VRCs in virus-infected plant cells [4]. Typical membrane spherules derived from the endoplasmic reticulum could also be observed despite these two viruses were evolutionarily far removed from each other and taxonomically unrelated. In fact, similar shape of membrane-invaginated vesicles was also reported in other organelles such as peroxisome, chloroplast and vacuole during virus infection [1]. The morphological convergence of VRCs in diverse organelles under different viral infections implies that two issues, at least, warrant further investigation. 1) Common molecular mechanisms may exist in the process of forming membrane-associated spherules. One obvious feature is the curvature of the membrane. Recently, a class of membrane proteins named reticulons, which is essential for stabilizing highly curved ER membrane tubules, had been proved to play important roles in viral RNA replication compartment formation [5]. This is a good startpoint, yet more research is needed to elucidate how the virus manipulate the cell to initiate the membrane wrapping and how the host cellular factors were hijacked to maintain such unstable membrane status. Meanwhile, another phenomenon deserves our attention is that membrane curvature leads to surface area expansion, resulting in increased chances of contacting with the outer cytoplasm. Recent studies indicated that the contact sites between the membranes of different organelles play an important role in favoring the exchange of metabolites and information, particular the ER that involved in most membrane contact sites (MCSs) within the cell [6]. It is interesting to study the function of these MCSs in mediating the translocation of host molecules under the stress of viral infections. 2) The establishment of almost all the VRCs inevitably involved the participation of lipid molecules, and accumulating evidence substantiates the critical roles of membrane lipid played in the virus replication cycle. Kai et al demonstrated that the enrichment of phosphatidylethanolamine at the membrane-bound VRCs is an essential step for a (+)RNA virus replication [7]. Thus, exploring the interaction of viruses with the lipid biosynthetic and transport machinery is also an intriguing subject in the future study.

It should also be pointed out that one or several virus-encoded proteins usually act as key triggers of VRCs morphogenesis. Sometimes expression of a single viral protein alone in the cells could form identical cytopathological structures with that of corresponding viral infections [4]. Hence, using these viral proteins as a probe to screen the host factors or identify cellular signaling pathways contributing to the formation of VRCs will continue to be a routine but significant work in the subsequent research.

Taken together, the 3D views of viral replication factories provide new insight into virus-host interaction and should greatly facilitate the discovery of potential targets for antiviral therapeutic intervention.


The invention relates to a sulfur and mercury removing agent, which consists of a carrier and active ingredients, wherein the carrier can be a single carrier or is formed by two or more kinds of carriers; the carrier accounts for 10 to 80 percent of the total weight of the sulfur and mercury removing agent; and the active ingredients include 0.1 to 40 weight percent of manganese dioxide MnO2 and 0.1 to 60 weight percent of magnetic iron oxide Fe21.333O32. The invention also discloses a method for preparing the sulfur and mercury removing agent. The sulfur and mercury removing agent prepared by the method has high sulfur capacity and high mercury capacity, has a sulfur and mercury removal efficiency of over 99 percent and can be widely used in sulfur and mercury removing treatment devices for flue gases of coal burning power plants and light dydrocarbons of oil refining and chemical plants.


We present three critically ill patients with severe renal failure who required haemofiltration or haemodiafiltration, with high-efficiency or high-flux membranes, while receiving an intravenous infusion of morphine. We show that despite the very high ultrafiltrability/diffusability of free morphine, only 1-3% of the total amount of infused morphine is removed in 24 h. This is in marked contrast to haemodialysis where, owing to much higher dialysate flow rate, a significant quantity of free morphine is removed.


Abstract Child self-report and parent-report measures of depressive symptoms are useful both for preliminary screening and to monitor change in symptomatology. These two aims, however, demand different psychometric properties. Currently available self- and/or parent-reports of depressive symptoms are reviewed in terms of their content validity and criterion validity. There is wide variability in the symptoms covered by the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC), Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS), Children's Depression Scale (CDS), and Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ). A review of criterion validity showed that information needed is often unavailable. Suggestions are made for ways to provide information that will enable clinicians and researchers to select measures for their purposes.


Highlighting one aspect of the economic transition in China (industrialization), this article focuses on how a change in employment from an agricultural to a non-agricultural job could change the household division of labor. Longitudinal analysis of data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey showed that such job shifts affected the household division of labor in different directions and magnitude, depending upon which spouse changed jobs. If the husband changed from an agricultural to a non-agricultural job, he cut back on housework, thereby increasing the difference in the number of hours of housework each spouse performed. If the wife experienced such a job change, the reduction in her housework hours was twice that of her husband's, reducing the difference between their shares of household duties.


Concentrations of Na, Cl, Br, and I in aerosols and Cl, Br, and I in inorganic gases were measured in the marine atmosphere off the west African coast (∼0°N, ∼0°W) in June 1977 and used to estimate their mean lifetimes and rates of production. Mean concentrations (in micrograms per cubic meter) during an 8-day, stable, rain-free period of the voyage follows: for paniculate Na 4.0, Cl 5.3, Br 0.017, and 1 0.004; for inorganic gas Cl 1.0, Br 0.012, and 1 0.013. The results of a steady state analysis suggest a ∼3-day mean residence time for the marine aerosol during the period of our observations, a ∼667 μg m−2 d−1 loss rate of Cl (probably as HCl) from the marine aerosol, and a subsequent -day mean residence time in the marine atmosphere. A similar analysis for gaseous inorganic Br gave a μg m−2 d−1 mean loss rate from the marine aerosol and a ∼7-day mean residence time. Computed dry deposition coefficients were (in centimeters per second) ∼0.4 for the marine aerosol, ∼0.77 for gaseous inorganic Cl, and ∼0.24 for gaseous inorganic Br.


Some important economic flow variables, notably consumption and investment, have only been observed annually in Iceland. We have developed methods to estimate the flow by spline functions or Fourier series. Aggregated values over shorter intervals can be obtained by integration of the flows. A method to obtain quarterly values from annual observations by estimating a quarterly time series model from the observed values is also presented. The source code of Fortran programs and examples of input files are included. Access to the NAG subroutines is necessary to use the programs directly.


A new species of chlorarachniophyte alga, Lotharella vacuolata Ota et Ishida sp. nov., is described. This alga has been maintained as strain CCMP240 at the Provasoli‐Guillard National Center for Culture of Marine Phytoplankton at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences. We examined in detail its morphology, ultrastructure and life cycle, using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and time‐lapse videomicroscopy. The dominant stage in the life cycle was represented by coccoid cells; however, amoeboid and flagellated stages were also observed. This alga showed unique post‐cell division behavior: one of the two daughter cells became amoeboid and escaped through a pore on the parental cell wall; the other daughter cell remained within the parental cell wall. Pyrenoid ultrastructure and nucleomorph location, which are used as the main generic criteria of chlorarachniophytes, confirmed that the strain CCMP240 is a member of Lotharella. This alga, however, was clearly distinguished from other known Lotharella species by the presence of large vacuoles, unusual post‐cell division behavior and some unique ultrastructural characters.


Across the globe, researchers are working to pin down how heat affects workers and vulnerable populations, such as the elderly. They are studying low-tech measures—sometimes nothing more than a splash of cold water on the skin—to make people safer and more comfortable in hot conditions. And they are exploring the body9s ability to adapt to the heat. The work has taken on urgency as global temperatures rise, heat waves become more frequent and intense, and casualties mount. Already about one-third of the world9s population experiences conditions that create heat stress. At high risk are construction workers and farm hands, respectively 13 and 35 times as likely to die from heat as other workers. Amplifying the trends, the world9s population is moving to cities, which tend to be hotter than the countryside, and much of the global population is aging and getting heavier, conditions that increase the risk of heat-related injuries.


nitroglycerin was observed in eight patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty ror unstable iscbemic symptoms (unstable angina or recent nontransmural infarction, or both). All patients mani- fested eccentric lesions an&graphically with the right coronary involved in four, in two and IeR anterior in two. Severe coronary spasm was documented in all patients after angioptasty ar.d resulted in symptomatic and electrocardiographic evidence of ischemia. Multiple The incidence rate of coronary vasospasm complicating percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is conserv-atively estimated to be 4% (1.2). In patients undergoing "emergent" procedures for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina, the incidence is probably higher. The finding of increased vasoreactivity at the site of prior angioplasty in both humans (3-5) and the swine model (6) supports a causal relation between enhanced reactivity and endothelial cell damage. The presence of a complex atherosclerotic plaque associated with platelet deposition and endothelial cell dysfunction may predispose the dilated vessel to both an enhanced and a prolonged increase in vasomotor tone after balloon dilation. Coronary spasm that develops after balloon angioplasty may be refractory to medical therapy. Occasionally. high doses of intracoronary nitroglycerin are required to relieve spasm and in rare cases emergent coronary artery bypass surgery is indicated for refractory spasm. We describe eight patients who developed severe coronary spasm


The solid state conformation of the monothioketal of azabicyclic ketone has been elucidated using single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The study reveals that the title molecule consists of two six-membered rings fused together in chair-chair conformation and a five membered spiro 1,3-oxathiolane ring in envelope conformation. In the 3-azabicyclononane ring system, the equatorial dispositions of the phenyl groups and the orientations of the oxygen and sulphur atoms in axial and equatorial positions, respectively, are confirmed. The molecular conformation in the solid state is identical to that in solution previously proposed on the basis of spectroscopic studies.


: Lithium-ion batteries have achieved tremendous success in the fields of portable mobile devices, electric vehicles, and large-scale energy storage owing to their high working voltage, high energy density, and long-term lifespan. However, lithium-ion batteries are ultimately unable to satisfy increasing industrial demands due to the shortage and rising cost of lithium resources. Sodium is another alkali metal that has similar physical and chemical properties to those of lithium, but is more abundant. Therefore, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage devices. Nevertheless, SIBs generally exhibit inferior electrochemical reaction kinetics, cycling performance, and energy density to those of lithium-ion batteries owing to the larger ion radius and higher standard potential of Na+ compared to those of Li+. To address these issues, significant effort has been made toward developing electrode materials with large sodiation/desodiation channels, robust structural stability, and high theoretical capacity. As electrode performance is closely related to its architecture, constructing an advanced electrode structure is crucial for achieving high-performance SIBs. Conventional electrodes are generally prepared by mixing a slurry of active materials, conductive carbon, and binders, followed by casting on a metal current collector. Electrodes prepared this way are subject to shape deformation, causing the active materials to easily peel off the current collector during charge/discharge processes. This leads to rapid capacity decay and short cycle life. Moreover, binders and other additives increase the weight and volume of the electrodes, which reduces the overall energy density of the batteries. Therefore, binder-free, three-dimensional (3D) array electrodes with satisfactory electronic conductivity and low ion-path tortuosity have been proposed. In addition to solving the aforementioned issues, this type of electrode significantly reduces contact resistance through the strong adhesion between the array and the substrate. Furthermore, electrolyte infiltration is greatly facilitated by the abundant interspacing between individual nanostructures, which promotes fast electron transport and shortens ion diffusion, thus enabling the electrode reaction. The array structure can also readily accommodate substantial volume variations that occur during repeated sodiation/desodiation processes and release the generated stress. Therefore, it is of great interest to explore binder-free array electrodes for sodium-ion storage applications. This review summarizes the recent advances in various 3D array anode materials for SIBs, including elemental anodes, transition metal oxides, sulfides, phosphides, and titanates. The preparation methods, structure/morphology characteristics, and electrochemical performance of various array anodes are discussed, and future opportunities and challenges from employing array electrodes in SIBs are proposed.


IntroductionThe global financial crisis in 2007-2009 made investors to revisit their investment policy because of the apparent under-diversification and risk control failure. A list of next generation solution is proposed to displace modern portfolio theory generally based on various versions of risk-based asset allocations.1. Asset allocationAsset allocation could be defined as the process of sharing the portfolio into number of asset classes (Sharpe 1992, pp. 7-19). The general idea is to move the emphasis from the security level to the portfolio level.It is worth to mention that the procedure is not simply based on coincidental investment in different asset classes (e.g., stocks, bonds, gold, and real estate) but on finding a range of investments that perform differently in the market. A proper diversification remains an essential feature of modern portfolio theory (Wolfinger, 2005, p. 7).Generally, the investment management process could be understood twofold as strategic asset allocation or tactical asset allocation with market timing.Strategic asset allocation (known also as policy asset allocation) is understood as an allocation within the portfolio into the major asset classes in accord- ance with the investor's long-term objectives (Amenc, Le Sourd, 2003, p. 9). The purpose of this procedure is not to beat the market, but to create an asset mix which will establish an optimal balance between expected return and investor's risk tolerance for the long-term horizon (to maximize the probability of achieving long-term goals at an accepted level of risk).The asset classes chosen for strategic asset allocation should satisfy the following five criteria:* assets within an asset class should be relatively homogenous,* asset classes should be mutually exclusive,* asset classes should be diversifying,* asset class as a group should make up a predominance of world wealth* asset class have the capacity to absorb a significant fraction of the investor's portfolio without seriously affecting the portfolio liquidity (Maginn, Tuttle, McLeavey, Pinto, 2007, p. 49).Traditionally the strategic asset allocation tends to be constrained into equities, bonds, real estate and cash with the long time horizon ranged between 10 and 50 years. Due to its long-term nature, weights which show the percentage range of asset allocation are called targets. Additionally the very long-term asset allocation is usually understood as the benchmark allocation tied to broad asset classes that establish the policy risk for the fund, known as the beta or market risk for the fund. (Rasmussen, 2003, p. 281). This process combines capital market expectations (formally represented by the efficient frontier) and the investor's risk & return, and investment constraints (from the investment policy statement).Although it is expected that a strategic asset allocation decision will be effective over the medium to long term, the allocation might be reviewed and revisited in the light of changing investment opportunities or getting out of wages outside specified range (Idzorek, 2006).Tactical asset allocation attempts to add value to strategic asset allocation through looking for short-term opportunities which let receive an extra return from financial market. The process is based on overweighing those asset classes that are undervalued and under-weighting these ones which are overvalued. The permitted level of tolerance established for the reference portfolio at the beginning should not be significantly changed.While the decision-making process for a strategic asset allocation requires long-term expectations of asset class returns, volatilities, and correlations as inputs, for the tactical asset allocation it needs a short to medium-term decision related to business cycles or market sentiment. Typically, tactical asset allocation covers a modifications of the asset mix within the portfolio due to the eco- nomic news or technical factors coming from financial markets. …


The care of patients with urethral catheters must be based on good practice. Brenda Roe reports on a study which tested the effect of education on patients' management of their catheter.


The evolution of a hump-like density disturbance in a collisionless plasma is considered. The effect caused by the initial shape of the disturbance is demonstrated. In the case of cold ions the development of a collisionless shock wave is observed over a long period of time. The formation of separate ion-acoustic solitons, their reflection from a wall and passage through each other are described. Also the ion temperature effect on the flow is studied. The ion reflection and the formation of a two-stream structure are illustrated.


A numerical evaluation of the crucial physical properties of a 3D unsteady MHD flow along a stretching sheet for a Casson fluid in the presence of radiation and viscous dissipation has been carried out. Meanwhile, by applying similarity transformations, the nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Furthermore, in the numerical solution of nonlinear ODEs, the shooting method along with Adams Moulton method of order four has been used. The obtained numerical results are computed with the help of FORTRAN. The tables and graphs describe the numerical results for different physical parameters which affect the velocity and temperature profiles.


t Associate Professor of Law, University of Miami School of Law. The author would like to thank Thomas Barthold, Patrick Gudridge, Elliott Manning, Jeremy Paul, Joel Rogers, and others too numerous to mention for their help with this Article. Research on this Article was completed as of May 15, 1987. See generally G. BECKER, HUMAN CAPITAL 15-44 (2d ed. 1975); K. CLARKSON, INTANGIBLE CAPITAL AND RATES OF RETURN 20-22 (1977); L. TELSER, COMPETITION, COLLUSION, AND GAME THEORY 356-57 (1972); Ben-Zion, The Investment Aspect of Nonproduction Expenditures: An Empirical Test, J. ECON. & Bus. 224, 227-28 (1978); Brozen, Foreword to K. CLARKSON, supra, at 7-10; Grabowski & Mueller, Industrial Research and Development, Intangible Capital Stocks, and Firm Profit Rates, 9 BELL J. ECON. 328, 328-32 (1978); Hirschey, Intangible Capital Aspects of Advertising and R&D Expenditures, 30 J. INDUS. ECON. 375, 375-79 (1982). 2 The Second Circuit, in often-quoted language, has noted: In the realm of intangibles . . . the rulings and decisions are in a state of hopeless confusion . . . . The taxpayer, who may be exposed to interest and penalties for guessing wrong, is entitled to reasonably clear criteria or standards to let him know what his rights and duties are. As matters stand, the following quotation alluded to by a court of appeals of another circuit, which was wrestling with this general area of federal income tax law, is pertinent, "This kind can come forth by nothing, but by prayer and fasting."


To predict adherent perinephric fat (APF) at minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN) using the Mayo adhesive probability (MAP) score and to determine the impact of MAP score and APF on MIPN outcomes.


For developing analog circuits at Siemens AG, the method of Harmonic Balance was integrated into the circuit simulator TITAN. The equations of Harmonic Balance are solved by Newton's method. The corresponding Jacobian is a very large sparse block matrix. Hitberto this kind of problem was computed either on a single workstation or on a vector computer. In this paper, we present an algorithm that makes it possible to simulate analog circuits on a cluster of workstations. Since the bulk of data is stored in a distributed way, even very large problems which often cannot be processed on vector computers due to insufficient memory capacity may now be solved


The purposes of this study were: (1) to analyze the contribution of housing sat isfaction as one of 13 life domain satisfactions to overall satisfaction with quality of life and (2) to analyze the relationship of housing satisfaction with housing characteristics and socio-demographic characteristics of respondents. The sample was a proportional, stratified, random sample of 2,700 Oklahoma households. Findings indicated that an increase in housing satisfaction was accompanied by a significant increase in overall life satisfaction. Higher levels of housing satis faction were associated with higher neighborhood satisfaction, better structural quality, ownership, lower person-per-room ratios, more years in residence, and lower perceived housing cost. It was concluded that: (1) housing satisfaction does contribute to overall life satisfaction, and (2) housing satisfaction is related to neighborhood satisfaction and characteristics of the dwelling unit.


Today's steam turbine power plants are designed for highest steam inlet temperatures up to 620 °C to maximize thermal efficiency. This leads to elevated thermal stresses in rotors and casings of the turbines. Hence, temperature distributions of the components have to be predicted with highest accuracy at various load points in the design process to assure reliable operation and long life time. This paper describes the windage heating effect in full labyrinth seals used in steam turbines. An analytical approach is presented, based on CFD simulations, to predict the resulting steam temperatures. A broad application range from very low to highest Reynolds numbers representing different turbine operation conditions from partial to full load is addressed. The effect of varying Reynolds number on the flow friction behaviour is captured by using an analogy to the flow over a flat plate. Additionally, the impact of different labyrinth geometries on the friction coefficient is evaluated with the help of more than 100 CFD simulations. A meta-model is derived from the numerical results. Finally, the analytical windage heating model is validated against measurements. The presented approach is a fast and reliable method to find the best performing labyrinth geometries with lowest steam temperatures. INTRODUCTION Steam turbine manufacturers want to realize the highest turbine and cycle efficiency for power plants. The aim is to reduce the green house gas output as much as possible to reduce environmental impacts. This aim can be achieved by optimizing the turbine blade and flow paths, reducing leakages between stationary and rotating components, using improved seals or by increasing the main steam conditions such as pressure and temperature. Since turbine components such as casings or rotors are highly stressed e.g. by thermal gradients in the materials, the temperature distribution in each load case has to be known as accurately as possible. The more precisely the stress distribution is known in the design process, the more exact the life time of the components can be predicted. A contra directional effect can occur in labyrinth seals optimization: windage heating occurs due to rotor rotation. Windage heating leads to a temperature increase of the steam that flows through the labyrinth. The smaller the radial clearance of the seal, the lower the mass flow through it is, which can result in large temperature increases. The effect is strong in case where the labyrinth is long with many fins, e.g. labyrinth seals on a thrust balance piston. If the design goal is to minimize leakage mass flow by use of such types of seals in combination with higher inlet temperatures, then the effect of windage heating may become an important design consideration. CURRENT STATE OF RESEARCH The first law of thermodynamics describes the effect of rotor rotation on total enthalpy increase ht:


Ever since the hallowed statement, "All men are created equal," was penned in the Declaration of Independence, it has become a historical tenet that freedom and equality were brought to American shores by the so-called Founding Fathers. In this path-breaking study, Michael Bennett departs from tradition to argue that the democratic ideal of equality and the actual ways in which it has been practiced are grounded less in the fledgling government documents written by a handful of white men than in the actions and writings of the radical abolitionists of the nineteenth century. Bringing together key texts of both African American and European American authors, Democratic Discourses shows the important ways that abolitionist writing shaped a powerful counterculture within a slave-holding society. Bennett offers fresh new analysis through unusual pairings of authors, including Frederick Douglass with Henry David Thoreau, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper with Walt Whitman, and Margaret Fuller with Sojourner Truth. These re-readings avoid the tendency to view antebellum writing as a product primarily of either European American or African American influences and, instead, illustrate the interconnections of white and black literature in the creation and practice of democracy. Drawing on discourses about the body, gender, economics, and aesthetics, this unique study encourages readers to reconsider the reality and roots of freedoms experienced in the United States today.


A determination was made of the characteristics of InGaAsP/InP injection lasers emitting at wavelengths in the region of 1.3μ. The minimum threshold current was 4 mA and cw operation was possible up to 120°C, which was the highest temperature achieved so far for lasers of this type and in this spectral range.


The reactions of CF3C2CF3 with [{Ni(η-C5H5)(SCF3)}2], [Ni(η-C5H5)2], [Ni(η-C5H5){C5H5(CF3C2CF3)}], [Ni(η-C5H5){C5H5(C2F2Cl)}], and [{Ni(η-C5H5)}2(CF3C2CF3)] have been examined. The new products charscterised are [Ni(η-C5H5){(CF3C2CF3)2H}], [Ni3(η-C5H5)2(CF3C2CF3)3], [Ni2(C5H5)2(CF3C2CF3)3], [Ni(C5H5)2(CF3C2CF3)3], [Ni(η-C5H5){C5H5(CF3C2CF3)2}], [{Ni(C5H5)(CF3C2CF3)}4] and [Ni(C5H5)(CF3C2CF3)2{C5H5(C2CF3Cl)}].


In this work, the unbalance structure technique has been studied in detail. The maximum operating frequency is limited by the gap width of the SAW filter but independent of the line width. The MOF is around 27/40 times acoustic wave velocity/the gap width. Using the I-line lithography, the gap width of 0.35 µm can be easily defined. MOF of more than 7 GHz could be achieved. The near field phase shift photolithography has the potential to fabricate the SAW devices with the nano-gap width. The NFPSL could have the potential to fabricate the SAW filter with more than 27 GHz operating frequency when using I-line light source.


Organizations are a fundamental part of the growth of a country, classified as private and public for nonprofit purposes, all this is possible, since within the organization there is an important resource: human talent, willing to contribute with all its technical and skills knowledge towards the institution that is giving you the opportunity to grow personally and professionally, according to an organizational strategy model that is dictated by a Corporate Government that in turn choose a person who is Chief Exejutive Officer (CEO ), or leader, who will command and direct the organizational strategy towards the objectives set by the organization, using a high applicability of managerial skills.


This paper presents a Markov Random Field model of the major white matter tracts in diffusion tensor images of the human brain that includes fiber crossings and overlaps due to partial volume effect. The model can be estimated efficiently with a fast iterative propagation method, and is evaluated on various human brain data sets for accuracy and reproducibility in health and disease.


Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H.S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar 470003 M.P.India. Background: According to Indian Systems of Medicine, Spilanthes acmella (L.)Murr.Anacyclus pyrethrum DC, Pedalium murex Linn.is considered effective in the treatment of sexual deficiencies especially due to aging. Purpose:To assess the effect of ethanolic extracts of theAnacyclus pyrethrum roots, Spilanthes acmella flowers and Pedalium murex fruits in sexual behavior of old age rats Method:In the present study ethanolic extracts of theAnacyclus pyrethrum roots, Spilanthes acmella flowers and Pedalium murex fruits were investigatedon general mating pattern, penile erection and serum hormone levels of old age male Wistar albino rats and compared with sildenafil citrate and Testosterone. For assessment of sexual behavior, animals were divided into six groups of six male rats. All extracts (150 mg/kg body weight/day orally) and sildenafil citrate(5mg/kg body weight/day orally) and Testosterone (0.5mg /Kg b. w. i.m. in arachis oil twice weekly) (positive control) were administered for 28 days. The behavioral and sexual parameters were observed at day 0, 15 and 28 of drug treatment. Results: The orally administered extract had a positive effect on mounting frequency, intromission frequency and ejaculation frequency and the most significant effects (p< 0.05) were observed Anacyclus pyrethrum treatment. A positive effect was also observed on the testosterone serum levels. Sildenafil citrate exhibited also a significant effect on penile erection, but no effect on hormone levels of rats was observed. Conclusion: The aphrodisiac potential of ethanolic extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum, Spilanthes acmella and Pedalium murex was demonstrated in-vivo. Study lends support to the traditional utilization Vajikaran Rasayana herbs as a sexual stimulating agent in old age.


The first movement of my Piano Concerto presents my unique methods of developing motives. There are two main motives that are used to construct almost all material in the piece. I also have two main methods of developing motives. The first combines two motives, while the second derived by transposition of the original. The second creates melodic variations on a single motive and combines these two types of melodies. These two methods of developing motives are also applied interactively. The focus of the thesis is on the application of these motives to construct melodic materials for the piano and the orchestra. The orchestration focuses on the vies of dynamics and register to create an effective balance between soloist and ensemble.


The article presents the results of a study of halotolerance in aeromonads isolated from 447 specimens of perch (Sander lucioperca) and 375 water samples in areas of its habitat in the delta of the Volga River. They were subdominant in the microbial landscape of these biotopes. There were no significant differences inoculation aeromonads found in various parts of the delta. Their halotolerance was studied by means of inoculation of daily pure cultures of meat--peptone broth with 3, 7 and 10% of sodium chloride content and incubation at 37◦C. All the studied microflora of this spieces was established to have significant indices of halotolerance with a predominance in water isolates. Whereby in cases of 3.0 and 7.0% NaCl concentrations were 2.2 times more and in the 10.0% NaCl solution with water and fish strains had similar indices, showing them to be of "marine origin". Among isolated aeromonads, shattering the water and fish most halophilic strains of A. hydrophila and A. sobria, and halophobic strains were presented by A. caviae. As a rule, water strains had stability indices above in the average of 1.3 times higher than fish ones. Epidemiologically important strains of A. sobria were isolated from water more frequently than from fish, whereas A. hydrophila was isolated as in water as in fish at the same level. Halotolerance of isolated aeromonads in hydroecosystems of the delta of the Volga River had seasonal specificity and dynamics. The gain in halotolerance in aquatic strains of aeromonads in spring and autumn was caused by natural and climatic processes and the elevation in the salinity of delta waters. Enhanced halophilic strains of fish in these seasons is determined by their migration with fish, because in seasons pike migrates from the sea to the river ecosystem.


Abstract In this article, we discuss the normal complement problem for metacyclic groups in modular group algebras. If F is the field with p elements and G is a finite split metacyclic p-group of nilpotency class 2, then we prove that G has a normal complement in For a finite field F of characteristic p, where p is an odd prime, we prove that has a normal complement in if and only if p = 3 and


The paper describes BUT Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems for two domains in OpenSAT evaluations: Low Resourced Languages and Public Safety Communications. The first was challenging due to lack of training data, therefore multilingual approaches for BLSTM training were employed and recently published Residual Memory Networks requiring less training data were used. Combination of both approaches led to superior performance. The second domain was challenging due to recording in extreme conditions: specific channel, speaker under stress, high levels of noise. A data augmentation process was very important to get reasonably good performance.


The rapid development of computer technology has led more and more enterprises to enter the era of information-based production management. Virtual reality technology and digital factory, as an important part of enterprise information construction, have been accepted by more and more enterprises, and have played an important economic benefit in it. In this paper, based on virtual reality technology, three modules of layout simulation, process planning and logistics simulation of the digital factory are analyzed, and simulation models are constructed, and optimization schemes are proposed. Through experimental simulation, the utilization rate of each equipment and the quantity of finished products in the production plant were compared and analyzed. The simulation results show that the optimized scheme improves the actual production capacity and productivity of the workshop and saves the cost of investment, thus proving the effectiveness of the optimized scheme.


Abstract This article used two studies to investigate sign and symbol mediation in children aged 8–11 years. In role play, children exist at one at the same time in objective reality and their representation of reality. We cannot observe their mental representation directly, but the issue of whether signs or symbols mediate early role play is an important theoretical question. The Piagetian perspective is that the symbolic representation develops alongside the sign representation, whereas the psychoanalytic perspective is that symbolic representation of the world precedes sign representation. Work by Venger, DeLoache and Van Oers shows that young children have access to one type of modelling that approximates to sign representation. In this type of model the children can only map relations between the model and the reality that it represents. Models with no direct relation to reality require symbolic mediation, in which children are aware of the model as a representation and explore features of the model itself. Uncertainty provokes the use of symbols or emotional images, and these two studies were designed to assess the effect of uncertainty on the representations children used to solve problems. In the first study, 57 children aged between 8 and 11 were shown a box which lit up red and green lights in an invariant sequence which could only be predicted by memorisation. Children were asked to guess the colour of the next light. Their strategies were classified as 'random', 'objective symbolisation', 'modelling' and 'subjective symbolisation'. The study showed that many children used sign representations (the modelling strategy) and that the use of symbols as a cognitive tool was uncommon. In the second study 84 children aged between 8 and 11 were asked to match cards thematically. Their strategies were defined as 'similarity', 'common criterion', 'objective symbolisation' or 'subjective symbolisation', with 'similarity' being the most frequent strategy used. Correlations showed that 'common criterion' and 'objective symbolisation' (symbolic representation) strategies tended not to be used along with 'similarity' and 'subjective symbolisation' (sign representation) strategies. Factor analysis revealed two factors that confirmed this analysis. Results show that in familiar tasks children used sign mediation, whereas in more uncertain situations children used symbolic mediation.


The purpose of this study is to define the optimum limits of chemical and physical conditions that reduce soil salinity and maximize indigenous aerobic microbiological populations in the bioremediation of oil field waste solids. Specifically, the study centers around treatment of surface contained oily waste having low density and limited solubility in water. Successful remediation is defined by total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) reduction to 1% and no hydrocarbon or salinity impact on ground water resources. The Department of Energy, the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission have encouraged oil and gas producing states to identify and develop improved methods such as this to reduce, recycle or treat solid waste generated with the exploration and development of domestic petroleum resources (IOGCC, 1995). With encouragement and funding assistance through the Department of Energy, Ohio is developing these bioremediation practices to protect soil and water resources. Ohio produced 8,300,000 barrels of crude oil in 1996 from wells operated by 4310 registered owners (ODNR, 1996). Good well site housekeeping can minimize spills, however accidental spills inevitably occur with oil production of this magnitude. Development of sound environmental and economical clean-up procedures is essential.


Inclusive education is one of the key areas articulated in Sustainable Development Goal No.4. which global nations aspire to implement. Effective execution of Inclusive education requires institutions of learning to create disability-friendly environments whereby the physical facilities are structured to allow learners with special needs to participate on an equal basis in school activities with their typically growing peers. However, the execution of Inclusive education is yet to be accomplished globally. The objective of the study was to establish the influence of physical facilities on the execution of Inclusive education in the public preschools in Belgut Sub-County, Kenya. The study adopted the social model of disability theory. The study also utilised a descriptive survey research design. The target population of the study was 238 out of which a sample size of 168 participants comprising 113 preschool teachers and 65 primary school head teachers was selected. Sampling was done using stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Data for the study was collected using an observation checklist, pre-primary school teachers and the head teachers' questionnaires. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 22 and presented in the form of frequencies and percentages displayed in distribution tables. The results showed that the majority of preschools had classrooms that were accessible to learners with disabilities. However, the results also revealed that the majority of them lacked rails on entrances to buildings, adapted toilets, ramps, swings, wide pavements, adapted desks/ furniture, and swings. The study concluded that adapted physical facilities influence the execution of Inclusive education in public preschools negatively. The study recommends that the County Government provides sufficient funds to preschools to aid in restructuring the existing physical facilities to attain disability friendly status.


This title presents not two, but three questions. The third question, the one that lies behind and is obscured by the two more obvious ones, concerns the nature of American philosophy. What qualifies as "American" philosophy? Is it, as some have suggested, philosophy as it is practiced in any of the Americas – North, Central, or South? Or is it perhaps philosophy as it is pursued by practitioners living in North America, or even in a more restricted sense, by practitioners living in the Unite...


The main purpose of heat treating medium carbon steels is to increase their hardness, and subsequent wear resistance, through the formation of martensite in the steel. In simple terms, the process involves heating a metal to above its austenite transformation temperature (typically 800–900°C), which dissolves precipitated carbides in the lattice structure to form a homogenous austenite structure. Martensite can then be formed when the laser heat treated steel is immediately cooled to avoid isothermal conversion of austenite into ferrite or carbide phases. For this purpose, a high temperature gradient during cooling is required. Martensite formation usually occurs as a result of two reactions, one which produces lenticular martensite, and the other, stacked martensite. The latter is characterized by a relatively high dislocation density and therefore increased hardness. In order to obtain this desired phase in the metallic component, one must achieve a fast direct austenite to martensite conversion. In laser surface hardening, the metal surface to be hardened is heated by a highpower laser beam until it reaches a critical transformation temperature, which is normally well below its melting temperature. This is followed by rapid self-quenching, where the surrounding bulk material acts as a heat sink. The microstructures formed during the laser heat treatment depend on the alloy composition, temperature, and cooling rate1. This complex behaviour can be described and explained by conventional continuous cooling transformation (CCT) or time-temperaturetransformation (TTT) diagrams2. This is illustrated in the appropriate diagram for a steel equivalent to the mild carbon one used in this model development and discussion, and which is shown later. A mathematical model of laser surface heat-cooling treatment for medium carbon steel


The underlying question for this paper is 'What are the downsides of IFRS adoption?' I welcome the opportunity to challenge preconceived ideas; in this case, the orthodox view of IFRS. It seems likely that for many the orthodoxy is that IFRS is a good thing but the paper has provided some interesting challenges. I work on the sell side, which means that we produce research reports. Accounting information is absolutely vital for the work of the analysts in all investment banks. It is a hugely important input into what we do. Some analysts are better at it than others. We could argue about whether the capital markets studies disprove the importance of accounting but, in the humdrum of everyday experience, accounting is very much at the core of our activity. The paper refers to IFRS as a monopoly and explores the danger of that state. The key question is therefore 'what is the alternative?' The paper indicates a solution of having IFRS as a choice in each regime, presumably in addition to the national accounting standards. Clearly, this would result in national domestic monopolies, US GAAP being a good example. It would appear to me that a lot of the negatives in connection with a monopoly would apply with national (domestic) monopolies. There is a big question mark surrounding the idea that if we had a suite of national monopolies the cream (quality accounting) would rise to the top. The paper notes anecdotal stories of how Turkish or Japanese translations deviate from the intent of the original but I do suggest that it might still be easier for us to get our heads around the translation of something into a foreign language when we are all talking about the same rule. It is very difficult, in an environment with lots of cross-border transactions to have a Turkish translation of an English rule, or an English translation of a Turkish rule. Does the translation of an IFRS rule represent the best compromise? It is a question of which is worse, which is more challenging. I do not necessarily have an answer to that, but I leave the reader to think about it. We have the idea of domestic monopolies but what about the costs associated with having many different accounting standards? A decade ago, if I were talking to US investors, they would view European accounting as a bit of a joke; impenetrable, impossible to understand: different rules in different countries; not translated at all into any common language (English).


The penal voluntary sector is highly variegated in its roles, practices and functions, though research to date has largely excluded the experiences of frontline practitioners. We argue that engaging with the narratives of practitioners can provide fuller appreciation of the potential of the sector's work. Though life story and narrative have been recognised as important in offender desistance (Maruna 2001), the narrative identities of creative arts practitioners, who are important 'change agents' (Albertson 2015), are typically absent. This is despite evidence to suggest that a practitioner's life history can be a significant and positive influence in the rehabilitation of offenders (Harris 2017). Using narratological analysis (Bal 2009), this study examined the narratives of 19 creative practitioners in prisons in England and Wales. Of particular interest were the formative experiences of arts practitioners in their journey to prison work. The findings suggest that arts practitioners identify with an 'outsider' status and may be motivated by an ethic of mutual aid. In the current climate of third sector involvement in the delivery of criminal justice interventions, such a capacity may be both a strength and a weakness for arts organisations working in this field.


Objective: Study objective – to study the age related particularities of electrogastroenterography (EGEG) parameters and its effect on electrophysiological evaluation of gastrointestinal motor function. Methods: The study involved 15 young (age 18–23 years) and 15 old (age 69–75 years) practically healthy people. The criteria of inclusion of the study were the absence of organic and functional gastrointestinal diseases in the anamnesis. To evaluate the gastrointestinal tract motor functions we used EGEG method with evaluation of parameters for basal and stimulated electric activity (EA) of gastrointestinal sections. Standard food load was used as the stimulator of GMF. We used the following parameters: Ps (mV) – total level of gastrointestinal EA; Pi (mV) – EA by gastrointestinal sections, Pi/Ps (%) – rate of each frequency spectrum in total spectrum; Krhythm – ratio of spectrum curve to the length of spectrum part for studied, Pi/P (i + 1) – ratio of EA of superior gastrointestinal section to inferior. Results: When comparing the EGEG parameters in two groups using Mann – Whitney U-test we found no statistically significant differences between groups of old and young people. Using the discrimination analysis (DA) we detected 5 variables in which the groups of young and old studied people possessed statistically significant differences. The parameters involved basal parameters – Pi of colon, Pi/Ps of stomach, Pi/P (i + 1) jejunum/ileum, Krhythm of duodenum and colon, as well as stimulated parameters – Pi/Ps of duodenum and Pi/P (i + 1) duodenum/ jejunum. Based on the DA we created the mathematical models of duodenal stenosis. Use of detected age-related particularities of EGEG parameters allowed us to increase the accuracy of proposed distribution of patients with stenosis from 85.2% to 92.8%. Conclusion: Thus there are the age-relevant particularities of EGEG parameters that need to be taken in account during interpretation of the results of electrophysiological evaluation of GMF. Key Word(s): 1. electrophysiology; 2. electrogastrography; 3. electroenterography; PR0002 Basic Neurogastroenterology (Nerve-Gut, Motility) Effect of psychological stress on colonic motor response and inflammatory cells in the Ws/Ws rats Presenting Author: YONG SUNG KIM Additional Authors: MOON YOUNG LEE, HAN-SEUNG RYU, JUNG TAEK OH, SUCK CHEI CHOI Corresponding Author: SUCK CHEI CHOI Affiliations: Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University; Department of Gastroenterology, Wonkwang University Hospital; Department of Sugeryg, Wonkwang University Hospital; Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University Hospital