'Silver Treat' sweet corn was planted Aug 1 to 8 Sassafras sandy loam field. Plots were 4 rows wide on 30-inch centers and 25 ft long. Whorl sprays were applied with a trctor-mounted boom sprayer with one nozzle centered over the row calibrated to deliver 55 gal/A at 40 psi; foliar sprays at silking were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 4 nozzles/row, directed at the ear zone, which delivered 170 gal/A at 250 psi. Whorl treatments were applied aug 29 and Sep 4. Foliar sprays at silking were applied Sep 21, 25 and 29 and Oct 2. Twenty plants from the middle 2 rows were evaluated on Sep 11 for armyworm damage. The categories for armyworm foliar feeding damage are as follows: (0) no damage; (1) slight damage; (2) 10% damage; (3) moderate damage, 25% of whorl destroyed; (4) heavy damage, 50% of whorl destroyed; and (5) severe damage, skeletonized, whorls destroyed. At harvest (Oct 15) 20 ears from the middle 2 rows of each plot were evaluated for 'worm' damage as "none" (clean), "tip" (less than 1.5 inches tip damage) and "side". O Oct 24, 20 stalks from the middle 2 rows of each plot were split from tassel to soil surface; each inch of European corn borer damage was recorded as one cavity.


The color reaction of Jonescu, based on the reaction of salicylic acid with ferric chloride, was investigated for the quantitative determination of benzoic acid in margarine, and the appropriate hydrogen peroxide concentration, the reaction temperature and time on heating and ferric chloride concentration were decided.The proposed method, when applied to the sample of margarine to which a known quantity of benzoic acid had been added, showed a recovery of about 93%.It was confirmed that the proposed method was less affected with impurities contained in the sample than the alkali titration method and the ultraviolet absorption method, and was found to be suitable for the purpose of routine work.


The Basel Accords are principles and recommendations on banking laws and regulations published by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS). This paper aims to examine the three accords of Basel Committee and their roles in improving the Banking system and preventing it from any failure. To do this, the paper examines the performance of these accords pre, during and post the 2008 Global Financial Crisis (GFC).Most regulatory systems have adopted the Basel standards. Basel I focused on Credit Risk; Basel II on Market and Operational Risks; and following the 2008 GFC, Basel III focused on Liquidity Risk.


To prepare the monoclonal antibody(MAb) against VP6 protein of group A porcine rotavirus(RV) and identify the antigenic epitope, a hybridoma stable secreting MAb against VP6 protein was prepared by fusing SP2/0 cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with recombinant VP6 protein. Identification of the MAb indicated that it belonged to Ig G1 subtype withκ chain. The titers in cell culture medium of the hybridoma and ascites were 1 ∶12 800 and 1 ∶106, respectively. In addition, the MAb was positively reacted with authentic VP6 protein of porcine RV detected by western blot and indirect immunofluoresence assay. Moreover, the antigenic epitope sequence of134DYIENWNLQNR144 was identified by the pepscan technique. Those results provided a basis for the further study on the function of VP6 and development of diagnostic method.


It is shown that diamagnetic propagation of drift‐tearing modes ceases at small island widths as the local density profile is flattened by sound waves. The critical width for density flattening is small compared to island widths typically inferred from observed magnetic fluctuations of m=2 in tokamak discharges. The rotation of these fluctuations must therefore result from radial electric fields.


The purpose of this paper is to provide an empirical analysis an airport passenger operation and to improve its efficiency. An investigation was conducted to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative efficiency of the self-service check-in booth in Singapore Changi Airport. Through Arena simulation software, this investigation gives an estimation of how much processing time and queuing time the self-service check-in booths have been reduced, providing a quantitative analysis of the self-service check-in booth. A modified technology acceptance model featuring a prediction of how well passengers accept this new concept has also been used in this investigation. The results show that the self-service check-in booth's operation is generally efficient based on quantitative and qualitative analysis, providing a recommendable service to customers.


Naphthol AS is purified by neutralization, base dissolution and base dissolutionabsorption. The effects of amount of water and base, particle size and amount of active carbon on the quality of naphthol AS during the purification are investigated. The results showed that white naphthol which has good appearance, high purity and attains standard is prepared by base dissolutionabsorption. The optimum purification conditions are as follows: dissolving temperature 75~80 ℃, molar ratio of naphthol to base 1∶2.7, weight ratio of naphthol to water 1∶15, the amount of active carbon 0.15 g, the decolorizing effects of particle active carbon is better than powder.


An article featured in Arts & Activities newsletter, by Pamela Geiger Stephens and Michelle Mattoon. Pamela Geieger Stephens is a teaching fellow and graduate research assistant at the North Texas Institute for Educators on the Visual Arts, University of North Texas, and Michelle Mattoon is a pre-service art specialist at the University of North Texas. Their article, "Thinking like an Artist," is about a puzzle activity for school children to help develop their own original ideas and encourages careful observation of a work of art. Stephens and Mattoon have developed this puzzle activity to allow students to act like an art critic and aesthetician as they describe an image.


An earlier version of this paper was presented at a seminar on 'Impacts of the Asian Currency Crisis on Europe's Growth Prospects', European Institute for Asian Studies, Brussels, 20 January 1998. The opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the views of the UNCTAD secretariat, and the designations and terminology used are those of the author. This paper owes a great deal to discussions with Jan Kregel, Andrew Cornford and Richard Kozul-Wright.


Abstract This article discusses source material for studying US cryptologic efforts during World War I. Much of this material was used to prepare the forthcoming publication from NSA's Center for Cryptologic History, From the Ground Up: American Cryptology During World War I. The author suggests areas for additional scholarship in the field.


Vaccinations mechanisms are common strategies for controlling the spread of viral spreading processes, such as epidemics and computer viruses. Their supply is often limited, and thus devising optimal strategies for their allocation and for their time of administration can be of high value to fight the epidemic spread. We account for arbitrary heterogeneous networks (populations) and consider the problem of multi-region systems. We prove a general property of the effective reproduction number: its reduction (under SIR models) is convex. Using this property, we analyze the effects of vaccination strategies on the acquirement of herd immunity and derive an efficient greedy algorithm that finds the optimal (HIT minimizing) allocation and administration timing of vaccines.


A 40 year old man, the son of nonconsanguineous healthy parents of Arab extraction, was hospitalized in our department because of left leg cellulitis. His medical history included bronchiectasis complicated by recurrent respiratory tract infections that necessitated lobectomy at age 20. Since adolescence he had suffered from swollen feet with recurrent leg cellulitis. The patient also displayed recurrent sinusitis. He had never smoked and there was no history of tuberculosis. Similar abnormalities were not reported in his family. Physical examination revealed bilateral lymphedema of both legs and toes, which were covered by thick verrucous skin. The toenails were yellow, overcurved, dystrophic, thick and without Y ellow nail syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by slow-growing, over-curved yellow nails, bilateral leg lymphedema and lung abnormalities including pleural effusion and bronchiectasis. Other manifestations may include recurrent sinusitis, recurrent respiratory tract infections, pericardial effusion and ocular abnormalities. Since its first description in 1964 [1], the pathogenesis and genetic basis of this syndrome have not been established. We present a case of yellow nail syndrome in which the abnormal dilated vessels in the lymphedematous skin stained positively for D2-40 antibody and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3, considered to a cuticle [Figure A]. Chest auscultation demonstrated bilateral, scattered, coarse crackles in the lower lobes. The routine laboratory studies demonstrated normal liver and renal function tests, normal albumin levels and no proteinuria. Repeated mycological cultures obtained from the involved nails were negative. Pulmonary spirometry revealed moderate limitation of the airflow. High-resolution computed tomography scan of the chest showed postoperative changes in the left lower lobe, and mild cylindrical bronchiectasis, mainly in the right lower lobe with sub-segmental atelectasis in the right middle lobe and lingula. Small amounts of pericardial effusion were also seen.


The question as to whether halothane increases the neuro-muscular blocking action of pancuronium was answered affirmatively by Katz' on the basis of myographical findings published recently. This seems to be the only experimental evidence in man that halothane increases the effect of pancuronium and, if halothane is administered towards the end of an intra-abdominal operation in order to improve relaxation, it often fails to increase the action of pancuronium. This is in contrast to its striking effect when combined with other non-depolarizing agents.2 Stimulated by this observation, the interaction between halothane and pancuronium has been re-investigated m yographically.


Penguins are important and sensitive indicators of ecosystem change. However, most ecological studies of penguins are constrained by logistics, so temporal dynamics of populations have generally been inferred from local studies, often ignoring the complex spatial heterogeneity of population processes and underlying environmental relationships. In collaboration with US colleagues during a recent study of the Antarctic Peninsula we analysed diverse census data from a long-term regional population survey to provide evidence of disparate trends for different penguin species, showing local studies are not always good predictors of change. Aggregating data at the regional scale allowed us to quantify rates of regional population change in a way not previously possible, providing ecological insight and critical management information. These results were reinforced by another study of penguins at South Georgia which revealed that local monitoring data do not tell the full story. The study considered whether competition between penguins and marine mammals may have caused observed declines in penguin numbers. Such effects might be evident elsewhere, consistent with the recovery of marine mammal populations, including whales. These findings are important for krill fisheries management and for understanding climate and competition effects on higher predator population ecology.


Let $F$ be a left invariant Randers metric on a simply connected nilpotent Lie group $N$, induced by a left invariant Riemannian metric ${\hat{\textbf{\textit{a}}}}$ and a Killing vector field $X$ of the Riemannian manifold $(N,{\hat{\textbf{\textit{a}}}})$. Then, $(N,F)$ is a Ricci soliton if and only if $(N,F)$ is a semialgebraic Ricci soliton.


This paper describes the design and development of a module generator for a dual-rail PLA with embedded 2-input logic cells for 0.35 μm CMOS technology. In order to automatically generate logic-cell based PLA layouts from circuit specifications, a module generator as a design automation tool of logic-cell based PLA is developed with a structural improvement. This module generator is based on a timing-driven design methodology and consists of logic synthesis, transistor sizing and logic cell generation, stimulus generation, HDL model generation parts. This generator uses a design constraint to achieve a flexible transistor sizing in a logic cell generation part. In addition, generated logic cells can be easily adapted to a layout generator. The layout is generated by using 0.35 μm, 3-metal-layer CMOS technology. Moreover, an HDL model generator is developed to create delay behavior models easily and quickly with precise timing parameters. The design complexity which is becoming an important issue for VLSI circuits can be reduced partially and human caused errors are minimized by module generator. A PLA layout in GDS-II form and an HDL model behavior of a Boolean function which has 64-bit input, 1-bit output and 220 product term can be generated within 8 minutes on a SunUltraSPARC-III 900 MHz processor. A very short time is required to compile the module, and this makes it feasible for designers to try many different design configurations in order to get the better one.


Generator rotates electron beam and performs other convenient functions during welding process. Device eliminates time-consuming techniques relying heavily on operator's skill. Welding speed is varied with frequency selector, and amplitudes of x- and y-axes are varied by adjusting phase shift. Both high and low-range adjustments are available, and each axis can be separately controlled. Crosshair is provided for set-up and beam alinements.


Health professionals frequently find ourselves in a situation where we have to communicate bad news. A lack of formation in areas of communication, in general, means that giving bad news gives rise to anxiety and insecurity within us, and can even mean that more pain than necessary is produced when informing. By means of this review we wish, initially, to create a space for reflection on what constitutes bad news and whether or not we should communicate this in situations where the vital prognosis is bad. From a practice centred on the patient, we believe that the category of bad news is something that must be assigned by the person who suffers from it, and the one who suffers from it has the right to be informed if he so wishes. Having made this reflection, we go on to describe certain skills needed in the communication of bad news and a strategy of progressive information by stages (Buckman's strategy) that we believe to be appropriate to our cultural and work milieu. Finally, we draw attention to the need for a subsequent follow-up to the information from the fields of education and the health promotion when informing about, and dealing with, chronic diseases, and from the field of emotional accompaniment when dealing with diseases whose vital prognosis is bad. We emphasise the need for allowing and facilitating the expression of fears in situations of therapeutic uncertainty in order to carry out a real accompaniment and to alleviate, to the extent that we can, the approach to death, in case this should finally be reached.


Durable humoral immunity depends upon bone marrow resident long-lived plasma cell (LLPC) survival. We have shown that CD28, the canonical T-cell costimulatory molecule, is required for LLPC survival; however, the mechanistic basis for this is unclear. We have published that of two binding motifs in the CD28 cytoplasmic tail, only the Grb2/Vav moiety, and not the direct PI3k binding motif, supports CD28-mediated survival. CD28 is known to induce glycolysis in T-cells. In contrast, CD28 activation in both LLPCs and human PCs induces glucose metabolism through mitochondrial respiration. A major byproduct of mitochondrial respiration is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, the mitochondrial respiration-dependent production of ROS is required for CD28-mediated survival. Previously published data demonstrate the ability of ROS to signal through both NFkB and PI3k. CD28-induced ROS signal through PI3k in LLPCs for increased glucose uptake and the inhibition of PI3k prevents CD28-mediated survival. The ROS-PI3k signal drives the phosphorylation of both S6k and rpS6, downstream targets of mTORC1, and this regulation is independent of Blimp1 expression. Irf4, a critical PC survival factor, is upregulated by CD28-dependent NFkB activation. To our great surprise, ROS inhibition prevented the induction of mitochondrial respiration itself, demonstrating that signals emanating downstream of ROS govern the metabolic program for survival in LLPCs. Taken together, these data suggest a model wherein CD28 signals directly through Grb2/Vav to induce mitochondrial respiration and ROS production. ROS then reinforce signaling through PI3k and NFkB to increase Irf4 expression and metabolic fitness for LLPC survival.


Significant air traffic increases are anticipated for the future of the National Airspace System (NAS). To cope with future traffic increases, fundamental changes are required in many aspects of the air traffic management process including the planning and use of NAS resources. Two critical elements of this process are the selection of airport runway configurations, and the effective management of active runways. Two specific research areas in NASA's Airspace Systems Program (ASP) have been identified to address efficient runway management: Runway Configuration Management (RCM) and Arrival/Departure Runway Balancing (ADRB). This report documents efforts in assessing past as well as current work in these two areas.


95 guinea pigs were aministered either 1 ml of .2% solution of sinestrol (50 animals) 1 ml of .1% solution of progesterone (10 animals) 1 ml of 1% solution of testosterone propionate (5 animals) or sinestrol combined with progesterone or with testosterone (10 animals) over a 4-month period. 20 animals served as a control group. Histological examination after this period revealed that in the uterine wall tissue hyperemia hypertrophia and hyperplasia were taking place. In the final stages there appeared a large number of uterine and extragenital tumors. Only in the group of animals that was administered progesterone were the above histological changes insignificant: in these animals no tumors were encountered as well.


This book provides a comprehensive perspective on how and why people use a neighborhood park in Cary, North Carolina. The study combined behavior observations, surveys, interviews, and drawings to examine the pattern of use in relation to the park's behavior settings and zones. Triangulation of the data allowed for an exploration of preferences and feelings towards settings and an association between demographics, such as gender and age, and park use. The multi-method results demonstrated how patterns of use and preferences for settings are associated with affordances and spatial characteristics of the park. Finally, the book gives some design implications geared towards providing spatial arrangements for various users.


The paper introduces the aeration system which is undergoing an overhaul without stopping production in aerobic phase of wastewater treatment.It mainly expound the use of aerators and three air distribution equipment in the aera-tion system.This technique can be used in the wastewater treatment plant when it undergoes an overhaul without stopping production,and it has a wide introduction value.


Background Studies evaluating risk factors for in-hospital venous thromboembolism in children are limited by quality assurance of case definition and/or lack of controlled comparison. The objective of this study is to determine risk factors for the development of in-hospital venous thromboembolism in children. Design and Methods In a case-control study at The Children's Hospital, Colorado, from 1st January 2003 to 31st December 2009 we employed diagnostic validation methods to determine pediatric in-hospital venous thromboembolism risk factors. Clinical data on putative risk factors were retrospectively collected from medical records of children with International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition codes of venous thromboembolism at discharge, in whom radiological reports confirmed venous thromboembolism and no signs/symptoms of venous thromboembolism were noted on admission. Results We verified 78 cases of in-hospital venous thromboembolism, yielding an average incidence of 5 per 10,000 hospitalized children per year. Logistical regression analyses revealed that mechanical ventilation, systemic infection, and hospitalization duration of five days or over were statistically significant, independent risk factors for in-hospital venous thromboembolism (OR=3.29, 95%CI=1.53–7.06, P=0.002; OR=3.05, 95%CI=1.57–5.94, P=0.001; and OR=1.03, 95%CI=1.01–1.04, P=0.001, respectively). Using these factors in a risk model, post-test probability of venous thromboembolism was 3.6%. Conclusions These data indicate that risk of in-hospital venous thromboembolism in children with this risk factor combination may exceed that of hospitalized adults in whom prophylactic anticoagulation is indicated. Substantiation of these findings via multicenter studies could provide the basis for future risk-stratified randomized control trials of pediatric venous thromboembolism prevention.


Teams are being used more in organizations to do important work. However, both positive and negative effects come with the increased use of teams. One problem is the "bad apple" effect where a highly disagreeable team mate, for example, damages team performance. This research aims to study how this person damages team performance and what can be done to minimize the negative impact. I propose that a disagreeable teammate negatively impacts team affective states which in turn give rise to defensive behaviors among teammates. These defensive behaviors impact team processes which in turn impact the team's performance. In addition, I propose that team interdependence moderates the impact of disagreeableness on teammate affective reactions such that teammates in less interdependent contexts will react less negatively to the "bad apple." I designed a 2x2 lab experiment with a confederate, or trained research participant, to test these hypotheses. I manipulated disagreeableness through the behaviors of the confederate and I manipulated interdependence through the information, goals, and rewards of the teams. Results support all the hypothesized relationships. Of note, I found that interdependence interacted with disagreeableness to predict team affective reactions as measured by salivary cortisol – a well established biomarker for affective reactions. I also found support for a mediating model using team core affect or affective culture mediating the impact of disagreeableness on team process. Finally, I found support for a mediated moderation model demonstrating that the moderation of interdependence and disagreeableness on team process was mediated by team cortisol. However, the impact on process was in the opposite direction than expected. Namely,


The solar periodicities of 80− 90 yrs (Gleissberg cycle) and 205 yrs(de Vriesor Suess cycle) using different time series of proxies of solar activity and cosmic ray flux have been reported in a great number of papers. In this work we present the spectral analysis of cosmogenic isotopes series applying the wavelet transformation based on the Morlet wavelet to obtain the long-term periodicities related to the solar activity and cosmic ray flux long period changes. We use the INTCAL98 for C time series and Be time series for both the South and North Poles. The results obtained from the wavelet transformation show that there are no periodicities either 80 − 90 or 205 yrs. Instead significant periodicities are the 60 (Yoshimura cycle), 120 and 240 yrs (de Vries or Suess cycle). The solar activity secular minima periodicity is of 120 yrs and this is the sunspot series modulator. The 120-periodicity could possibly be one of the principal periodicities of solar activity. The solar secular variability is not a stochastic or/and intermittent processes.


Despite its high temperature-sensitivity and simple structure, negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistors have been limitedly adapted to artificial skin or epidermal temperature sensor due to its excessive processing temperature that is not compatible with flexible substrates. To address this, herein, we develop a low heat budget, single-step laser digital patterning process which enables monolithic integration of Ni-electrode and NiO-sensing channel under room-temperature ambient. Monolithically fabricated NiO NTC thermistor exhibits the highest temperature-sensing ability among reported NTC thermistors. (TCR -9.2 %/°C, B=8162 K at 25 °C) Physical analysis suggests that the superior temperature sensing ability originates from the unique thermal activation mechanism of the proposed process. Together with the superior temperature-sensitivity, low heat budget nature of the laser reductive sintering leads development of complete flexible temperature sensor array and conformally attachable temperature sensor. We believe that our demonstrations present great opportunities toward variable military applications such as artificial skin and epidermal temperature sensor by offering exceptionally simple yet effective laser thermal process. Keyword: Laser digital patterning, Nickel oxide, temperature sensor, artificial skin, epidermal sensor Student Number: 2017-24786


Sibutramine (SBTþ) ion-selective electrode (ISE) was constructed using poly(vinyl chloride) matrix membrane containing sibutramine–phosphotungstate (SBT–PTA) plasticized with dioctyl phthalate. The electrode exhibits Nernstian response of 59.54mV/ concentration decade over the concentration range 1.0 10 5 to 1.0 10 M and detection limit of 7.94 10 M. The electrode was fully characterized in terms of its composition, response time, life span, pH, selectivity, and temperature and was then applied to the potentiometric determination of SBT in its pure bulk and pharmaceutical formulations under batch and flow injection conditions and for the in vitro testing of the dissolution profile of SBT capsules.


Added in proof. For related results see [6] and [7]. [1] IGLEHART, D. L. (1975) Conditioned limit theorems for random walks. In Stochastic Processes and Related Topics, ed. N. L. Puri, Academic Press, New York, 167-194. [2] KAO, P. (1976) Conditioned Limit Theorems in Queueing Theory. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Operations Research, Stanford Univ. [3] KAIGH, W. D. (1976) An invariance principle for random walk conditioned by a late return to zero. Ann. Prob. 4, 115-121. [4] HOOGHIEMSTRA, G. (1979) Brownian Excursion and Limit Theorems in the MIG/1 Queue. Thesis, University of Utrecht. [5] VERVAAT, W. (1979) A relation between Brownian bridge and Brownian excursion. Ann. Prob. 7, 143-149. [6] DURRETI, R. (1977) Conditional limit theorems for random walks with negative drift. Report, Department of Math., UCLA. [7] AFANAS'EV, V. I. (1979) Conditioned stable random walk with a negative drift (Russian). Teor. Verojatnost. i Primen. 24, 191-198.


in the article features of training of computer science at school at transition to federal state educational standards are considered. The reasons for the insufficient preparation of students for passing the state final certification (SFC) in modern conditions are given. Attention is drawn to the discrepancy between the content of textbooks and curricula in the sections of SFC control and measuring materials. Measures aimed at improving the teaching of the course of informatics and the training of students on the subject are singled out. The experience of introducing an elective course in informatics is considered.


This research explores on factors contributes on consumer buying behavior in Faculty Media and Communication student in Universiti Teknologi MARA Kampus Alor Gajah Melaka. This research also determined the factors consumer buying behavior at Faculty Media and Communication student in Universiti Teknologi MARA Kampus Alor Gajah Melaka, as well as to examine the factors of physical attractiveness, credibility congruence and expertise has significant relationship with consumer buying behavior and also want to signify which factor is the most influence towards consumer buying behavior and lastly to make a recommendations to improve it. To achieve this objective, a survey has been conducted among Media and Communication student in Universiti Teknologi MARA Kampus Alor Gajah Melaka and total of 127 forms of questionnaires were made to deliver among the Media and Communication student in Universiti Teknologi MARA Kampus Alor Gajah Melaka. The findings indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between expertise towards consumer buying behavior. It was also found that physical attractiveness, credibility and congruence does not has a significant positive relationship towards consumer buying behavior. On the other hand, expertise is the variable that influence the most towards consumer buying behavior and also there are recommendations for the companies that are suggested by researcher to improve the choices of the celebrity endoser.


Critical phenomena and Goldstone mode effects in spin models with the O(n) rotational symmetry are considered. Starting with Goldstone mode singularities in the XY and O(4) models, we briefly review various theoretical concepts, as well as state-of-the-art Monte Carlo simulation results. They support recent results of the GFD (grouping of Feynman diagrams) theory, stating that these singularities are described by certain nontrivial exponents, which differ from those predicted earlier by perturbative treatments. Furthermore, we present the recent Monte Carlo simulation results of the three-dimensional Ising model for lattices with linear sizes up to L = 1536, which are very large as compared to L ≤ 128 usually used in the finite-size scaling analysis. These results are obtained, using a parallel OpenMP implementation of the Wolff single-cluster algorithm. The finite-size scaling analysis of the critical exponent η, assuming the usually accepted correction-to-scaling exponent ω ≈ 0.8, shows that η is likely to be somewhat larger than the value 0.0335 ± 0.0025 of the perturbative renormalization group (RG) theory. Moreover, we have found that the actual data can be well described by different critical exponents: η = ω =1/8 and ν = 2/3, found within the GFD theory.


The kinetics of electrodeposition of bismuth from electrolyte, preactivated by magnetic field is first studied. The polarization curves (PC) of the electrodeposition process of bismuth from both unmagnetized electrolyte and preactivated by magnetic field (MF) electrolyte are fixed by the method of the rotating disk electrode. Electrodeposition of bismuth in the magnitoelektrolysis mode proceeds with cathodic depolarization in comparison to the steady-state electrolysis. We observe an increase in the limiting current values and the diffusion of metal ions, and hence an increase in the deposition rate of bismuth and the extension of the current density range being significant for the practical electrodeposition. According to the data obtained, the optimal electrolyte pre-magnetization mode (190 kA/m) is chosen. It is stated that the electrolyte magnetization to get bismuth coatings results in the improvement of its operational characteristics (dissipating ability, cathodic current efficiency), modification of the precipitation structure (grinding of grains, smoothing the surface topography) and the improvement of quality (the decrease in subsurface stress, the increase in microhardness and incorrodibility).


Spiro[indoline-3,2'-pyrrolidine] derivatives were prepared from β-3-indolyl ketone oximes by treatment with methanesulfonyl chloride and triethylamine via the bond formation between 3-position of the indole ring and oximenitrogen. These diazaspirocycles were readily transformed to the corresponding spiro oxindole derivatives.


Thermal decomposition of t-butyl peracetate in a solution of ethyl t- butylperoxymethylpropenoate in methyl propanoate led to the products of substitution of the three different hydrogens in the molecule of the methyl ester by the 2,3-epoxy-2-ethoxycarbonylpropyl group. An SHi reaction on the peroxide function, following the addition to the double bond, is responsible for the formation of these epoxides . Such a result is due to the low regioselectivity of the hydrogen abstraction from methyl propanoate by t- butoxyl radicals, and no improvement could be obtained by changing the relative ratios of the reactants, in converse to previous results described for similar reactions. Thus, selective creation of alkyl radicals was developed through the generation of tributylstannyl radicals as mediator radicals, by reaction of t- butoxyl radicals on tributyltin hydride or hexabutylditin ; the mediator radicals abstract an iodine atom from the alkyl iodide. Application of this methodology to the three iodo derivatives of methyl propanoate permitted us to obtain selectively each of the three epoxides.


Objective To find new single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) in 3'-untranslated region(3'UTR) of urat1 related to primary hyperuricemia.Methods This study consisted of 273 patients with primary hyperuricemia(PH),and 429 healthy volunteers.DNA was purified from peripheral blood and 3'UTR of the URAT1 gene was sequenced.The genotype and its frequencies were analyzed.Results Three kinds of SNP were found:1925 GA,del G 1951 and G 2174 A.The differences of genotype frequencies between the groups were not significant.The del TC 1827-1828 was absent in two patients,but no absence observed in healthy volunteers.These two patients showed a higher serum uric acid(573 μmol/L,630 μmol/L VS 499.69±136.08 μmol/L) than the rest in the same group.Conclusion Three SNP sites were detected in 3'UTR region,in which,the del TC 1827-1828 is likely to be the pathogenic site of hyperuricemia.


The precise characterization of plasmas generated by laser irradiation is needed for the development of ion sources. As the characteristic parameters of the expanding plasma vary with both the distance and the time, an experimental study of their evolution is appropriate for a deeper knowledge of the plasma. The purpose of this work is to study the same characteristics of laser plasma produced by ablation of a pure Cu target as a function of the distance from the target along the propagation axis of the plasma plume. We irradiated the target by a KrF laser and a lens of 15 cm focal length. As the diagnostic system, a small Faraday cup array and an axial Faraday cup were utilized to study the spatial variation in the total charge carried by plasma ions. Charge loss during the plasma expansion was observed due to the recombination of charged species, which occurs within a critical distance, relatively close to the target, where the plasma density is high enough. The critical distance was determined for different laser fluences; beyond the critical distance, the collisions among plasma particles are negligible and the ion charge remains frozen. It was observed that the critical distance increases as the laser fluence increases.


There is much in this solitary, reflective image that can be transposed to the larger depiction of Wordsworth's life and psyche in her journals.1 Within her personal writings, she is both audience and focal point: continually mesmerized by the nature she adores and worships, Wordsworth gleans from it a spiritual sustenance; so too is she perceived as the stable, yet isolated land surrounded by the waves of her brother's and Coleridge's dashing personalities and poetics. Wordsworth's journals examine the minutiae of circumscribed locales, and it is her attunement to the regular irregularities of domesticity and nature that distinguishes her work. Her articulations of her life flow readily from chores to health problems, to beautifully encapsulated images of people and nature; these latter snapshots are lingered over, and set apart by their clarity and precision-their


In today's world, various societies have witnessed the increasing tendency to the so-called "crisis of social and humanistic paradigms" or "crisis of human values" over which many people are concerned. Much was said about this topic in several settings and with different participating audiences during the first five-year period of this century in Cuba. The questionings are varied: the crisis of moral values has reached all the age groups? What are the really consensual ethical values of the Cuban society in the 21 century? What are the anti-values that coexist with them? Based on a literature review although not exhaustive it was decided to perform a cross-sectional exploratory study with 5 population groups classified into age groups; they were applied a qualitative methodology by using focal group and projective techniques and anonymous provision of primary information. Consensus was understood as 75 % of participants or more agreed upon the considered topics. The virtues that were stated as the most admired ones were sincerity and generosity and the most intolerable defects were selfishness and lie whereas the most perceived values were solidarity and justice and the perceived anti-values were selfishness and double-standard. Consequently, a plan of action was submitted to strengthen social ethical values and to build professional ethical values in the students and the young professionals of the health sciences.


Objective to explore the role of serum uric acid in essential hypertension and left ventricular hypertrohy. Methods 71 cases of patients with essention hypertension(hypertensive group) and 35 cases of patients with essention hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy(left ventricular hypertrophy group) were analyzed. The levels of LVMI,UA and other routine indexes were compared. Results There was no significant difference in the levels of BMI,SBP,DBP,TC,TG,HDL,LDL and BG between the two groups(P 0.05); The levels of hsCRP,LVMI and UA in the left ventricular hypertrophy group were higher than that of the hypertensive group(P 0.05). ConclusionIt is closely related to the the hypertensive and left ventricular hypertrophy for the patients with high levels of UA.


W e read with interest the article ''Fragility Analysis of Statistically Significant Outcomes of Randomised Control Trials in Spine Surgery: A systematic review.'' The authors utilized fragility index (FI) to assess randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the spinal surgery literature and concluded that many RCTs are ''fragile,'' owing to a low median FI score of 2. In an RCT with a statistically significant dichotomous outcome, FI is defined as the minimum number of nonevents in the treatment group that would need to become events for the trial to lose statistical significance. FI offers a seemingly intuitive measure of how susceptible the interpretation of a trial's outcome is to the number of events. However, this belies the flaws that limit the utility of FI. First, FI places unnecessary importance on an arbitrary threshold for statistical significance. Second, FI does not capture the complex relationships between sample size, P value, and effect size. Third, FI analysis bears many similarities to post hoc power analysis, itself an uninformative exercise. Many RCTs by design are expected to produce low FI values. This does not mean they are not robust. As such, we urge against the routine use of FI in the evaluation of RCTs.


An oil seal rubber composition having improved freeze resistance includes a hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) having acrylonitrile at a content of 5 to 20 mol%, wherein the hydrogen saturation of the HNBR is 80 to 90%.


The Delft3D modelling suite has been ported to the PRACE Tier-0 and Tier-1 infrastructure. The portability of Delft3D was improved by removing platform-dependent options from the build system and replacing nonstandard constructs from the source. Three benchmarks were used to investigate the scaling of Delft3D: (1) a large, regular domain; (2) a realistic, irregular domain with a low fill-factor; (3) a regular domain with a sediment transport module. The first benchmark clearly shows a good scalability up to a thousand cores for a suitable problem. The other benchmarks show a reasonable scalability up to about 100 cores. For test case (2) the main bottleneck is the serialized I/O. It was attempted to implement a separate I/O server by using the last MPI process only for the I/O, but this work is not yet finished. The imbalance due to the irregular domain can be reduced somewhat by using a cyclic placement of MPI tasks. Test case (3) benefits from inlining of often-called routines. Introduction Delft3D [1] is a world leading 3D modelling suite used to investigate hydrodynamics, sediment transport and morphology and water quality for fluvial, estuarine and coastal environments. As of 1 January 2011, the Delft3D flow (FLOW), morphology (MOR) and waves (WAVE) modules are available as open source. Delft3D has over 350k lines of code and is developed by Deltares. The software is used and has proven its capabilities all over the world, e.g. in the Netherlands, USA, Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia, Venice, etc. It is continuously improved and developed with innovating advanced modelling techniques due to the research work of Deltares. Delft3D is meant to remain a world leading software package. Description The FLOW module is the heart of Delft3D; it is a multi-dimensional (2D or 3D) hydrodynamic (and transport) simulation programme which calculates non-steady flow and transport phenomena resulting from tidal and meteorological forcing on a curvilinear, boundary fitted grid or spherical coordinates. A more flexible grid approach is under development. In 3D simulations, the vertical grid is defined following the so-called sigma coordinate approach or Z-layer approach. The MOR module computes sediment transport (both suspended and bed total load) and morphological changes for an arbitrary number of cohesive and non-cohesive fractions. * Corresponding author. E-mail address: email@example.com b Deltares is an independent, institute for applied research in the field of water, subsurface and infrastructure. For more information, see http://www.deltares.nl/en 2 The application consists of mainly Fortran 90, with some routines in C and C++ and some features from Fortran 2003. The parallel version that we considered uses MPI with 1-D domain decomposition as its parallelisation strategy, where it automatically selects the longest dimension to be partitioned. The length of the domain (i.e. the direction with most grid-points) is split across MPI processes. It uses an alternating direction implicit (ADI) method to solve the momentum and continuity equations. The parallel implementation of the ADI method in Delft3D uses the halo regions of the computational domain on the processor to some extent as internal boundary conditions for iterations locally within the process. Therefore, convergence could become a problem when scaling up to higher process counts. I/O is implemented using a master-only technique. Although the application should scale well, as shown by similar models with the same input data set, this was not the case on local hardware at Deltares. The developers could not create an insightful profile that would show the main bottleneck that prevents its scalability. The MPI routines are wrapped in custom routines that are mostly used for halo exchanges and the reduction of convergence parameters. Halo exchanges are executed by two calls to MPI_Isend and MPI_Irecv, immediately followed by separate calls to MPI_Wait for all communication. The haloes are stored in temporary arrays. Configuration and setup The program uses automake, autoconf and libtool to create a configure script, which then configures the whole package for a particular system. For now, the only method to obtain the sources is to check out the svnversion. It is expected that a packaged version of the source of Delft3D would come with only one configure script that can target any platform. At the moment, there are still a few platform-specific options in the configure.ac file that prevent this. Porting Delft3D has been ported to and tested on the following systems:  IBM Power6 system "Huygens" running Linux at SURFsara (IBM XL compilers + IBM POE)  Intel Xeon Nehalem cluster "Lisa" running Linux at SURFsara (Intel compilers + OpenMPI)  BullX Intel Xeon cluster "Curie" running Linux at CEA. (Intel compilers + BullxMPI)  BullX Intel Xeon cluster "Cartesius" running Linux at SURFsara (Intel compilers + IntelMPI) During the porting to these systems, several portability issues were identified and fixed in the mainstream releases of Delft3D:  The MPI-implementation in Delft3D would check the environment variable PMI_RANK, which is only used in the MPICH2-library and is therefore not portable. New releases of Delft3D have fixed this and it now supports MPICH2, Intel MPI, MVAPICH, OpenMPI and POE.  In case of an abnormal exit of the code, the code would write an error message to the output-file, but the output-file was not closed. However, some compilers (e.g. from IBM) cache the output and the error message is not written to disk. This has been fixed.  An erroneous attempt to de-allocate a static object caused a runtime error with the IBM compiler; this has been fixed.  The MPI-implementation would not call MPI_Finalize in case there was only 1 MPI-task. In this case, Scalasca would not write its final report. This is now fixed.  Variables with the LOGICAL and INTEGER type were used interchangeably, which is now fixed.  Bug due to an assumed pointer size of 4 bytes, which is now fixed.  When running the first benchmark with 3 MPI tasks or more, there would be a signed integer overflow when multiplying the total nr. of grid points (9M) with the running sum of the cpu weights (in this case 300). This can be fixed by using INTEGER*8 variables.  OpenMP option in configure.ac updated.  When opening a file, the non-standard argument access='append' was used, which is now replaced with the standard argument position='append'.


Objective To investigate the relation between short-term efficacy of radiotherapy and serum levels of tumor markers in advanced non-small cell lung cancer before and after radiotherapy in patients with serum CEA,CYFAR21-1,SCC,CA125 levels change. Methods Serum levels of CEA,CYFAR21-1,SCC,CA125 in 196 cases of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients before and after radiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. Short-term effects were evaluated by clinical symptoms,and the relationship between the short-term efficacy of radiotherapy and tumor markers changes was investigated. Results Among the 196 patients,109 cases of patients were effective after radiotherapy,the total effective rate was 53. 06%. The routine examination of effective cases showed that serum levels of CEA,CYFAR21-1,SCC,CA125 significantly reduced after radiotherapy,the difference was statistically significant( P 0. 05); serum levels of CEA,CYFAR21-1,SCC,CA125 significantly reduced after radiotherapy in 110 patients,and their short-term efficacy was better than that those patients with increased serum tumor markers,the difference was statistically significant( P 0. 05). Conclusion Serum tumor markers CEA,CYFAR21-1,SCC,CA125levels can be used to assess short-term efficacy of patients with advanced NSCLC after radiotherapy.


There is an immense interest in teaching computer science concepts- and programming specifically - to everyone. The United States Military Academy at West Point has required every student, regardless of major, to pass a computer science zero (CS0) course for the last 50 years: From punch cards to Python. We present a history of our CS0 course and the lessons learned from the most recent redesign of the course. We review the last decade of student assessments and how they influenced the latest iteration. We contrast the expectations of students in a CS0 course with those in a CS1 course. We discuss the national efforts to make CS accessible to all and explore the challenges unique to a CS0 course. We demonstrate similarities between our course and the Advance Placement CS Principles and show where differences are justified. We review the relevant pedagogical research for CS0 and present lessons learned over multiple iterations of the course. Based on our current course review and implementation, we believe that Computer Science for everyone is attainable and relevant to the needs of every student.


In order to deal with te serious fluid leakage in the thief zone with the big pore, fissure or hole, this article researched a new compound - high intensity plugging agent SDR - 2 which can improve success rate of plugging SDR - 2 can improve the breakdown pressure of core which permeability is 530 × 103 μm2 or more to 20MPa. By application in filed,the result shows that the plugging ratio can reach 100% , and success rate is above 80 % in plugging operation.


The effects of Depo Provera and Deladroxone both long-acting inject able contraceptive agents on lactation and infant growth was studied in 76 lactating women. Milk yield was decreased by both drugs though the concentration of total milk proteins was increased. Depo Provera increased the total amount of milk proteins per feed while a decrease was observed with Deladroxone. Deladroxone increased the concentration of milk lipids but Depo Provera had no effect. Nonetheless both agents reduced the total amount of milk lipids per feed. Concentrations of milk lactose were unaffected but the total amount of milk lactose per feed was reduced by both drugs. Depo Provera decreased the rate of infant growth while Deladroxine had no effect.


Work motivation – adaptation of optical Hilbert diagnostic methods for visualization and study of optical density and phase temperature fields in the structure of an axisymmetric diffusion hydrogen-air flame. The diagnostic complex is implemented on the basis of the IAB-451 device with modified blocks of optical filtering, information source and processing. A laminar jet flame H2/N2 in still air is considered. The investigated torch is oriented vertically. Visualization of phase disturbances induced by the medium under study in a multi-wavelength probing (λ1 = 636 nm, λ2 = 537 nm and λ3 = 466 nm) light field is performed using polychromatic Hilbert and Foucault-Hilbert transformations in combination with registration and pixel-by-pixel processing of the dynamic RGB image structure. The dynamic phase structure of the diffusion flame is visualized. The initial temperature approximation, based on the assumption of an air mixture, is corrected so that the calculated hilbertogram matches the measured one as closely as possible. The data obtained are in good agreement with the results of thermocouple measurements. The temperature was recorded by thermocouples at reference points. The phase function is reconstructed in axisymmetric sections from RGB-hilbertograms. The reliability of the results is confirmed by comparing the experimentally obtained hilbertograms and hilbertograms reconstructed from phase structures using the Abel transform.


Two kinds of multiple-pulse were reported on atmospheric plasma jet (APPJ) of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) configurations in this study. Meanwhile, the investigation on electrical characteristics of APPJ in helium and helium/air was carried out with the aim of shedding light on the electrode parameters for dissipated power and jet length. The typical bacteria, E. coil, were employed to study the effect by the two APPJ devices (PJ-1 and PJ-2). For PJ-1, multiple-pulse appears in both sides of every half-cycle, but only in the positive half-cycle for PJ-2. A wider power electrode of PJ-1 and further distance from the nozzle to grounding electrode of PJ-2, whether in ambient helium or helium/air, are all conducive to improvement of dissipated power. With the increase of gas flow rate, the jet length will become longer at laminar flow mode, then get shorter, and a permanent to the end. Generally, the introduction of air leads a better sterilization effect, especially for PJ-1. Keywords: Atmospheric Pressure, multiple-pulse, Electrode parameters, dissipated power, jet length, plasma jet. PACS: 52.80.-s, 52.77.-j


The display of images in three dimensions has fascinated optikers and nonoptikers alike for almost 150 years, and none is so fascinating as those that require no viewing aids (stereoscopes or spectacles) to enjoy: the autostereoscopic displays. Their development over the past 120 years is reviewed, from Swan's Crystal Cube to the computer-generated display holograms of today.


In this letter, we present the analytical investigation of the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) assisted underwater visible light communication (UWVLC) system. The proposed system can cater to the needs such as low latency, high reliability and high data rate underwater multicasting to the sensor nodes. The UWVLC link is characterized by Exponential-Generalized Gamma (EGG) distribution. In particular, we derive the exact closed-form expressions of average bit error rate (BER) and ergodic capacity for underwater NOMA users. Further to understand the impact of the underwater scenario over the system performance, the analysis is carried out for parameters such as air bubble levels, gradient temperature and salinity level of the water. The obtained results validate the feasibility of the proposed system model.


This article focuses on how President Deby re-gained power after a nearly successful coup d'état against him in February 2008. The analysis points towards one major external reason for success and a divided internal strategy. The international community's little interest in Chad and the desire for political stability among the few interested states are the main external reasons for Deby's success. Internally, Deby's use of violence and co-optation explain his success. Deby defeated the Chadian military opposition by combining co-optation of adversaries in Chad's patrimonial marketplace.


ABSTRACT The essay provides a commentary on Walter Benjamin's "News from Flowers", a review of the album of plant photography of Karl Blossfeldt. I place Benjamin's account of Blossfeldt's achievement both in relation to Goethe's studies of the vegetal realm as well as to the fantasy world of Grandville's Animated Flowers. This juxtaposition allows me to interpret Benjamin's understanding of the possibilities opened by photography and the transformation it brings to the relation of art to science and the imagination.


where U is a general function defined on some Wasserstein space of probability measures on R and (Xi)i≥1 is a given sequence of R -valued random vectors. In the mathematical statistics literature, Von Mises [1] [2] (see also Chapter 6 of [9]) was the first to develop an approach for deriving the asymptotic distribution theory of functionals U( 1 N ∑N i=1 δXi) (called "statistical functions") under the assumption of independent and identically distributed real-valued random variables (Xi)i≥1. Through the use of the Gâteaux differential, he introduced a Taylor expansion of U( 1 N ∑N i=1 δXi) around U(μ) where μ is the common distribution of the random variables. He proved that if the linear term is the first nonvanishing term in the Taylor expansion of the functional U(.) at μ, the limit distribution is normal (under the usual restrictions corresponding to the central limit theorem). One of the main difficulty was to prove that the remainder in the Taylor expansion goes to zero. In dimension d = 1, Boos and Serfling [10] assumed the existence of a differential for U(.) at μ in a sense stronger than the Gâteaux differential. They assumed the existence of d dǫ |ǫ=0+U (μ+ ǫ (ν − μ)) = dU (μ, ν − μ) at μ that is linear in ν − μ (for ν any probability measure on the real line ) and such that


National research Institute for Earth science and Disaster prevention is constructing the world's largest 3-D full-scale shake table which is nicknamed as "E-Defense". In order to resolve several subjects for the utilization of E-Defense, NIED investigates the themes as follows, 1) Establishment of utilization and wide area network systems, 2) Development of 3-D ground motion database and a numerical simulation system for the shake table, and 3) Test and analysis of reinforced concrete structures, soil-pile-structure systems and wooden structures for using E-Defense.


Introduction: Tracheal stents are deployed to attenuate intrinsic or extrinsic airway compression. They remain the gold standard for management of airway stenosis, especially when surgical resection is contraindicated. This study aimed to determine whether stent placement, by either fluoroscopic guidance or rigid bronchoscopy, resulted in improved procedural outcomes. Methods: We compared two techniques of tracheal stent insertion and their associated complications. Method one involved insertion of stent under fluoroscopic guidance, while Method two involved placement with rigid bronchoscopy under direct vision. Both techniques require pre-operative airway assessment with Computed Tomography imaging, but require different anesthetic intervention. Data from patients receiving stent insertion over a period of 4 years, at either Nepean Hospital or Beaumont Hospital, was assessed. Results: Both techniques enabled appropriate stent placement, resulting in patent airways and attenuation of dyspnea. Rigid bronchoscopy is advantageous in a setting lacking intraoperative image intensifier or flexible bronchoscopy; however insertion of stents under fluoroscopic guidance enables management of more distal stenosis, an area of challenge for rigid bronchoscopy. Conclusion: Tracheal stenting can be performed via different techniques with similar results in patient outcomes. We demonstrate that tracheal stenting via rigid bronchoscopy can be successfully performed to provide patients with patent airways in the emergency setting and may represent a more viable option in facilities lacking intraoperative image intensifier or flexible bronchoscopy.


This article analyses the main determinants of income per capita based on a sample of 50 countries for the period 2005 to 2009, using multivariate statistics. The results show that institutional indicators (heterodox) have a greater impact on the welfare of the population than the traditional macroeconomic variables (orthodox). These results show that the process of improving the quality of life of the population is mainly the result from the interaction between institutions, firms and technological progress that shapes historical standards, social and institutional peculiar to each country.


Summary-ln vit1'O inoculation methods are an efficient tool for the aCCurate study of the interaction berween plants and parasitic nematodes. Obtaining disinfected nematodes is a crucial step in most of these methods. Most disinfection protocols involve surface sterilization of hatched juveniles, a procedure that usually leads to high mortality. This paper describes a new protocol for fast, inexpensive and easy disinfection of nematodes of the genus Globodem, direcdy from cysts. Mortality is low and varies berween 10 and 40 % at the most. The surface-sterilized juveniles successfully infected in vitro-grown potato roots and reproduced on them. Resume - Une methode pour l'obtention de juveniles de Globodera desinfectes a partir de kystes - Les systemes d'inoculation in vit1'O sont des outils performants et precis pour l'etude des interactions plantes-nematodes. L'obtention de juveniles steriles est W1e etape cruciale pour la plupart de ces systemes. La majorite des protocoles publies comprennent une desinfection des juveniles, ce qui conduit a une mortalite elevee. Nous decrivons ici W1e nouvelle methode pour desinfecter, rapidement, facilement, et a faible cout des nematodes du genre Globodem, en partant de kystes. La mortalite des juveniles desinfectes est faible (entre 10 et 40 % au maximum). Les juveniles sterilises infestent les racines de pomme de terre cultivees in vit1'O et s'y developpent normalement.


Abstract We consider convex solutions of nonlinear elliptic equations which satisfy the structure condition of Bian and Guan. We prove a weak Harnack inequality for the eigenvalues of the Hessian of these solutions. This can be viewed as a quantitative version of the constant rank theorem.


We are on the brink of a global water crisis and California's drought is only the beginning. The U.S. government predicts that forty of our fifty states – and sixty percent of the earth's land surface – will soon face alarming gaps between the supply and growing demand for water. Without immediate action, food prices will rise, economic growth will slow, and political instability is likely to follow.


Acknowledgements ... vii 1 China, Social Insurance and the Welfare State: Towards a Global Historical Perspective ... 1 2 Rise of Global Models: German Capitalist vs. Russian Socialist Social Insurance ... 21 3 China's Early Labor (Social Insurance) Legislation: The Role of the International Labor Organization, 1910s-1928 ... 51 4 China's Social Insurance in Formation: Nationalist vs. Communist-controlled Areas, 1928-1953 ... 76 5 From Labor Insurance to Work-unit Welfare: The Soviet Model in China, 1953-1978 ... 102 6 From Social Insurance towards a Welfare State: The German Model in Taiwan, 1950-1995 ... 121 7 Neoliberalism and Pension Privatization in China and Taiwan since the 1980s ... 147 8 China's Social Insurance in the Twenty-first Century: Towards a Universal Social Security System ... 175 Bibliography ... 195 Index ... 218


A unit modular system is a construction method which installs on site by manufacturing 50%~90% of the whole process in the factory. This method can minimize the process in the site and maximize the operation, which will reduce the duration and improve the overall quality. The recent paradigm of construction is to be sustainable building. Modular system can be regarded as a sustainable building construction method because it can reduce the amount of construction waste by recycling partial or whole part of overdue building be torn down. A unit modular system is the answer to cope with the increasing market of small size housings. A unit modular system is the most appropriate option at this point. This research proposes the standard operation and construction process of modular system, which enable to optimal system. A case study of reconstructing small-size housing was introduced to support this proposal. Finished unit modular is the reasonable way. However, 80% of complication rate of the modular is the most rational when a defect occurrence during delivery is considered.


Microstrip patch antennas offer the advantages of thin profile, light weight, low cost, ease of fabrication and compatibility with integrated circuitry, so the antennas are widely used to satisfy demands for polarization diversity and dual-frequency. This paper presents a coaxilly-fed single-layer compact dual band (C- and X-band) microstrip patch antenna for achieving dual-polarized radiation suitable for applications in airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. The designed antenna consists of three rectangular patches which are overlapped along their diagonals. Full-wave electromagnetic simulations are performed to accurately predict the frequency response of the antenna. The fabricated antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 154 MHz (f0 = 6.83 GHz) and 209 MHz (f0 = 9.73 GHz) for VSWR < 2. Simultaneous use of both frequencies should drastically improve data collection and knowledge of the targets in the SAR system.


CAN J OPHTHALMOL—VOL. 43, NO. 1, 2008 121 implantation, are more frequent when the IOL is implanted in the sulcus.1–3 Some cases of pigment-dispersion syndrome after single-piece AcrySof IOL implantation have been reported in the literature. In all of them, at least one haptic was inserted into the sulcus ciliaris.4,5 However, in our case, the IOL was implanted in the capsular bag after uncomplicated cataract surgery. The UBM showed that the haptic causing the pigment dispersion was inside the capsular bag. Although retraction of the capsule would be the most likely mechanism in this case, there was no capsular fibrosis and the pigment dispersion began in the immediate postoperative period. It is possible that the relatively sharp and square edge of this IOL in this case favored the pigment dispersion in the same way as described in cases of sulcus IOL implantation. REFERENCES


Background Little is known on the abundance of the pathogens Bacillus anthracis and Burkholderia pseudomallei in environmental samples in Cameroon. Therefore, 100 respective samples were assessed in a proof-of-principle assessment. Methods DNA residuals from nucleic acid extractions of 100 environmental samples, which were collected between 2011 and 2013 in the Mapé Basin of Cameroon, were screened for B. anthracis and B. pseudomallei by real-time PCR. The samples comprised soil samples with water contact (n = 88), soil samples without water contact (n = 6), plant material with water contact (n = 3), water (n = 2), and soil from a hospital dressing room (n = 1). Results B. anthracis and B. pseudomallei were detected in none of the samples assessed. Conclusion The results indicate that at least a quantitatively overwhelming, ubiquitous occurrence of B. anthracis and B. pseudomallei in the environment in Cameroon is highly unlikely. However, the number and choice of the assessed samples limit the interpretability of the results.


Software industry have its own values in the economic growth of a country. The scenario of this field in the India is also not a small part of the whole. As per the trends India shares almost 20 % of the world's software economy. The tactics and development processes for the software industries always requires a certain amount of improvements and certainty to achieve the target. There can be multiple factors which can affect the development process. In this research paper I am showing a much critical problem of risk handling there resolution. There are various models and methods which we can follow for calculate statically but that is not enough. If we really want to optimize the results as well as the success certainty we should improvise our traditional procedures. In the later part of this paper a short improvisation of my side over the traditional one is shown. This method improves our predictability about risks as well as the rectification of that problems.


Abstract Caluff, M. G. & Shelton, G.: The musciform Selaginella species (Selaginellaceae) with broad lateral leaves in the West Indies. — Willdenowia 33: 425–437. — ISSN 0511-9618; © 2003 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. The musciform Selaginella species with broad lateral leaves, which form a well defined group, are revised for the West Indies. Six species are recognized, of which three localised endemics of Cuba are described as new to science: S. undata, from the mountainous southeastern region (Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa Massif, Holguín, Santiago de Cuba and Guantánamo provinces), S. cristalensis, restricted to the Sierra Cristal (Holguín and Santiago de Cuba provinces), and S. orbiculifolia, only known from the Alturas de Trinidad (central Cuba, Cienfuegos and Sancti Spiritus provinces). Illustrations for and a key to all six species are provided.


This paper aims to present the most significant theory and concepts in terms of Organizational Communication, in terms such as: identity, culture, image, reputation, internal communication, public relations and corporate social responsibility. Likewise, the communication directed to the public of external interest known as the stakeholders is emphasized. On the other hand, the strategic communication plan is shown through internal audits carried out by the Republic of Cacao. With the results, we continued with a proposal of internal and external campaigns for the company in order to obtain a communication improvement at internal and external level.


Ongoing information on snow and its extent is critical for understanding global water and energy cycles. Passive microwave data have been widely used in snow cover mapping given their long-time observation capabilities under all-weather conditions. However, assessments of different passive microwave (PMW) snow cover area (SCA) mapping algorithms have rarely been reported, especially in China. In this study, the performances of seven PMW SCA mapping algorithms were tested using in situ snow depth measurements and a one-kilometer Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) snow cover product over China. The selected algorithms are the FY3 algorithm, Grody's algorithm, the South China algorithm, Kelly's algorithm, Singh's algorithm, Hall's algorithm and Neal's algorithm. During the test period, most algorithms performed reasonably well. The overall accuracy of all algorithms is higher than 0.895 against in situ observations and higher than 0.713 against the IMS product. In general, Singh's algorithm, Hall's algorithm and Neal's algorithm had poor performance during the test. Their misclassification errors were larger than those of the remaining algorithms. Grody's algorithm, the South China algorithm and Kelly's algorithm had higher positive predictive values and lower omission errors than those of the others. The errors of these three algorithms were mainly caused by variations in commission errors. Comparing to Grody's algorithm, the South China algorithm and Kelly's algorithm, the FY3 algorithm presented a conservative snow cover estimation to balance the problem between snow identification and overestimation. As a result, the overall accuracy of the FY3 algorithm was the highest of all the tested algorithms. The accuracy of all algorithms tended to decline with a decreased snow cover fraction as well as SD < 5 cm. All tested algorithms have severe omission errors over barren land and grasslands. The results shown in this study contribute to ongoing efforts to improve the performance and applicability of PMW SCA algorithms.


BETWEEN December, 1905, and August, 1906, Dr. Samuel Taylor Darling encountered at autopsy at the Board of Health Laboratory, Ancon, C. Z., three cases of a previously undescribed parasitic disease. 1 This entity has since become widely known as histoplasmosis (Fig. 1). During the intervening decades, in spite of a high index of suspicion on the part of local clinicians and pathologists, no additional human case has been recognized. The patients described by Darling were immigrants, and there has been justifiable doubt as to whether the fungus, Histoplasma capsulatum, had become established on the Isthmus, even though Tomlinson and Grocott reported a canine infection in 1945, probably autochthonous in origin. 2 The prolonged absence of recognized human cases of histoplasmosis in an area in which the causative fungus had certainly been present was a paradox inviting study. Within the past five years Wedding, Reynolds, and Bashe have each carried out limited studies with the histoplasmin intradermal test


Abstract This article presents a method to analyze the scoring of judges in springboard diving by identifying some of the components of a dive which are useful in predicting the scores of the judges. A videotape recording of 26 divers doing the front dive half-twist was made at the 1979 men's A.A.U. prequalifying meet, held at Ohio State University. The method of measurement involved the use of clear plastic grids placed over the video monitor. The maximum height of the diver above the board, distance out from the board, size and duration of splash, numerous body angles at various times during the dive, as well as deviation of twist from 180 degrees were measured. A Stepwise Multiple Regression program was used to generate a prediction equation using a subset of these variables which would best predict the total score of the judges for each dive. The equation generated included height, distance, twist, and lower body angle at the point when the diver's head was opposite the board; the equation predicted t...


Licensed-Assisted Access Long-Term Evolution (LAA- LTE) framework can offload excessive data stream to the unlicensed spectrum. Devices from different operators will compete for the same band and have to endure a more complex and congested channel conditions. Therefore a rapid and efficient access mechanism should be introduced in the LAA framework. Based on the Type B LBT channel access scheme, this work proposes an Energy-Based Signal Assisted Access (EBSA) mechanism. The EBSA mechanism can realize the rapid information transfer between devices belonging to different operators. Then a Markov chain model is set up and used to analyze this mechanism theoretically. Simulation results verify the validity of the theoretical analysis, and in the ultra-dense employed LAA network, the proposed method is efficient compared with the existing access mechanisms.


AbstractRisk control in project management has been receiving increasing attention in recent years. This paper proposes an approach based on a risk-assessment program and demonstrates how this can be extended to enhance the multimode resource-constrained project-scheduling problem (MRCPSP) to realize risk control and effective scheduling. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a means to control scheduling and material-purchasing risks by using a bilevel decision framework to identify risk and conduct a focused evaluation. Specifically, this paper establishes a hybrid uncertain multiobjective bilevel programming model and introduces an expected-value operator to deal with the hybrid uncertainty. A multiswarm differential-updating particle swarm optimization is developed to support the model calculations. Worthiness and efficiency of the proposed approach is validated using a case study. This approach can help improve scheduling strategies and ensure realistic project-planning.


The traditional reservoir operation mode always considers the economic benefit as the first aim besides ensuring the flood control safety.However,it pays little attention to the eco-environment conditions in the downstream regions and reservoir areas,which might threaten the health of river.The ecological operation of reservoirs takes the ecological aim into consideration,and it changes the traditional way.Aiming to protect and improve the health of river,the ecological reservoir operation becomes necessary and exigent.Based on the researches abroad and home,this paper analyzes the conception,connotation and research hotspots from the point of view of ecological effects with reservoir operation.Particularly,it focuses on the ecological reservoir operation modes based on eco-hydrological modeling as well as the key research technological issues in the research area.This paper aims to provide some suggestions for the ecological reservoir operation research in the future.


One of the most time~ issu~ in the area of technology support in academic settings is the increasing trend toward merging information technology organizations with libraries. This approach is not new – afew maven.ck institutions undertook such a merger over 20 years ago. But as information becomes increasingly available in di~.tal formats and customers' neeh evolve, academic leaders across the country are weighing thepotential benefits ofa marriage behveen librarim and computing. Mer@"nginformation technology (computing and telecommunications) and information service Qibraries) organizations has the potential toprovide service in new and dl~erent ways than were traditionally possible. Although informal collaborations between these traditionally distinct departments have aisted on many campuses for years, those loose tia are already beginning to prove inadequate to meetfuture needs. In years to come, it is likely that the trend towardformally unl~ed information service organizations will continue. Lehigh Universip as well as the Universip of Southern Call~ornia(USC) have both recent~ combined theirformer libraries, computing services, and communications departments into new organizations, known as Information Resources (IR) and the Information Services Division (ISD), r~pectively. The scope of such an undertaking h, in many ways, unknown. In developing merged organizations, a balance between attention to details, such as the location of offices or the wording ofjob titles and the need to address complex cultural norms and apectations, pose serious challenges. ~ispaper e~lores the ~periences of USC and Lehigh in developing new information service organizations. It Iooh at and re~ects upon issues that appear to be common to these ppes of mergers, w well as assessa how the integration process dl~ered at these two institutions. Topics addr~sed include:


In an ensembles of nominally identical quantum emitters, each emitter can have its emission frequency shifted randomly by its specific environment so that the emission spectrum of the overall system is inhomogeneously broadened over a large frequency range. This can make the system hard to probe and to utilize for a variety of applications. We show that it is possible, with realistic external control field protocols, to refocus the emission spectrum of the ensemble onto


The functional significance of the retrolateral tibial apophysis (rta) on the male pedipalps in four spider species with different mating positions is investigated with the help of histological serial sections prepared after freeze-fixing copulating pairs with liquid nitrogen. The results of this study, as well as most data in previous works, suggest that the rta is mostly used to fix the male pedipalp to the female epigyne in order to ensure the intromission of the sperm transferring embolus. This is in accordance with the female choice hypothesis on genitalia which predicts that species-specific genital structures should directly or indirectly contact the female during copulation and thus be shaped by sexual selection.


In this ever-developing technological world, one way to manage and deliver services is through cloud computing, a massive web of heterogenous autonomous systems that comprise adaptable computational design. Cloud computing can be improved through task scheduling, albeit it being the most challenging aspect to be improved. Better task scheduling can improve response time, reduce power consumption and processing time, enhance makespan and throughput, and increase profit by reducing operating costs and raising the system reliability. This study aims to improve job scheduling by transferring the job scheduling problem into a bin packing problem. Three modifies implementations of bin packing algorithms were proposed to be used for task scheduling (MBPTS) based on the minimisation of makespan. The results, which were based on the open-source simulator CloudSim, demonstrated that the proposed MBPTS was adequate to optimise balance results, reduce waiting time and makespan, and improve the utilisation of the resource in comparison to the current scheduling algorithms such as the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) and first come first serve (FCFS).


The present invention discloses a method and an apparatus for providing screen information data representing a screen displayed by a cloud server on a client device. The method of providing screen information data representing a screen displayed by a cloud server on a client device includes the steps of: generating screen information data; determining whether to protect the screen information data on the basis of characteristics of objects forming the screen; encrypting the screen information data on the basis of the determined result; and transmitting the encrypted screen information data.


The present invention discloses a computer device built-in optical disk drive, comprising a housing for accommodating electronic components, the housing having a recess surface structure. Computer means further comprises a CD-ROM drive, so as to be relatively movable structure disposed in the recess, the optical disc drive comprising a tray, the disc drive motor, a track set, and an optical reading module. Tray movably connected to the housing for carrying the optical disc. The disc drive motor and the track set is provided on the tray. The optical reading module slidably disposed in the track set, the tray carrier disc and the recess of the reading optical disc outer structure.


The rise and fall of Belarusian nationalism, by Per Anders Rudling, Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press, 2014, x + 436 pp., US$29.95 (pbk), ISBN 978-0-822-96308-0In his book The Rise and Fall of Belarusian Nationalism, Per Anders Rudling provides a detailed story unfolding the venture of Belarusian nationalism between 1905 and 1931. The "rise" of nationalism he associates with the organized political activism of Belarusian nationalists, which became possible in the conditions of liberalization of national policy in the Russian empire after 1905. The "fall" was marked by the end of the policy of national communism in the USSR, when the formation of national and Soviet parallel identities fostered by the Bolshevik government in the 1920s was replaced by the repressions of national elites and the advancement of a Soviet project centred on Russian language and culture.The way of presenting the history of nationalism chosen by Per Rudling is rather unusual for studies of a national project: rather than focusing on the dominant track of nationalists' arguments and their political achievements, he tends to deconstruct the context in which nationalist activists had to operate. As a result, the author navigates in a complex historical realm where Belarusian nationalist intellectuals, often split among themselves along political lines, were contested by other national movements, and they altogether proved to be highly dependent on various external actors and changing conditions.Chapter 1, "Imagining Belarus", reconstructs the historical context in which the Belarusian idea was first taken as a political category by Belarusian nationalists. Rudling shows how the composite national environment of the western borderland of the Russian Empire created the competitive ideological atmosphere for the articulation of a Belarusian national project. Chapter 2, "The Beginning of Belarusian Nationalism", depicts barriers of a various nature that Belarusians had to overcome on their way to a modem nation: the historical legacy of blurred boundaries between ethno-linguistic groups populating the region; the consequences of western Russian discourse developed in the empire that denied the existence of Belarusian ethnicity; Kraowa ideology, which highlighted the ethnic heterogeneity of Belarusian lands and promoted the multinational political project; the orientalization of Belarus in the discourse of Polish nationalists, and so on.Chapter 3, "Six Declarations of Statehood in Three Years", shows how Belarusian national activists repeatedly attempted to achieve state independence during the chaotic period of 1917-1920. The story told by Rudling to a certain extent disguises the opinion about the lack of political will to statehood among Belarusians. But it also reveals a critical level of dependency of Belarusian nationalism on various external actors - German occupational forces, the Polish state, and the Bolshevik party and Soviet government - who played pivotal and often destructive roles in Belarusian nation-building. Chapter 4, "Nationalities Policy in Soviet Belarus", and Chapter 5, "Belarusian Nationalism in the Second Polish Republic", describe the contrasting conditions for the national development of Belarusians across the border established by the Riga Treaty - the one that left Belarus divided between the Soviet Union and the Polish Republic. Instead of focusing on the dissimilar experiences of indigenization (korenizatsiia) in Soviet Belarus and Polonization in Poland, Rudling, again, brings into picture a far more complex ethnic and linguistic landscape in which Belarusian nationalists had to deal not only with the state ideologies of the USSR or the Second Polish Republic, but also with competing national ideologies of other ethnic groups - Poles, Jews, Ukrainians - as well as with ideological and political splits among themselves. …


A user on a three-dimensional display interface overcomes disturbing effect when the user interface presented to the user in the three-dimensional background appears. Defining boundary extending portion extending in a background of the user interface. If the background is opaque, the extension portion is mixed with background video or image below. If the background is translucent, the user interface is presented to show video content or during mixing with the alpha values from the following projection screen, the background portion and extending a variable. If the background is transparent, to present a user interface content appears to protrude from the screen, so the user interface following the original background video or image blur, and the blur radius so that a variable portion of the video or image blur in the background portion extending below .


The present document highlights the work performed by the secretariat in collaboration with member States as well as policies and issues related to the TransAsian Railway network. The Working Group on the Trans-Asian Railway Network is invited to review the document and consider policies and approaches for: (a) promoting investment in the Trans-Asian Railway network, including intermodal interfaces; (b) creating the conditions for the development of rail-based international intermodal freight corridors; and (c) putting in place a process for providing the secretariat with updated information on priority rail infrastructure development projects at regular intervals.


Shaft gear is one part of the machine components that experience dynamic load will occur voltage fluctuations. When the fluctuations occur repeatedly as often as possible, there will be failure, even though the maximum voltage that occurs is still smaller than the static strength of the wheel axle material. Failure of a shaft material is inseparable from the characteristics of its structure. Failure of the shaft occurs at points where there is a voltage concentration, where the source of the stress concentration on the machine element, can be pull, groove, hole, thread, pegs and others. The weakness or failure of a SS 304 carbon steel material used as a shaft is influenced by many factors. It should be noted that the breakage of a material always begins at places where stress concentration occurs with its loading pattern. In response to the above problems, a failure analysis of the gear shaft of Stainless Steel AISI 304 is required. By testing the metal mechanical properties by tensile testing, hardness testing, obtained from fatigue test with tensile strength of 812 , 97 MPa in diameter 13 shaft of gear and 825,37 MPa for diameter 16 and yield strength of SS 304 for diameter 13 is 806,03 N / mm2 while diameter 16 equal to 821,20 N / mm2. The result of fatty test shows the three stresses given at diameter 12 (mm) of 61.2 Mpa then the resulting cycle amounted to 87476 for 145 Minutes at 2800 speed, in contrast to the fatigue test results for a given voltage of 76.5 Mpa, resulting in 87354 for 120 minutes, resulting in the greater the applied stress the cycle and time will be faster the occurrence of fatality in the material Stainless Steel AISI 304.Hardness value (Hardening) on shaft gears with Stainless Steel AISI 304 material no difference between shaft diameter 13 of HB: 133 and diameter 16 of HB: 133. The difference in diameter on the shaft does not affect the hardness value in the shaft material of the gear. Factors that affect or tend to alter the condition of fatigue or fatigue strength are the types of loading, rotation, environmental humidity (corrosion), stress concentration, temperature, material fatigue, chemical composition of materials, residual stresses.


Background: A correlate of protection (CoP) is an immunological marker associated with protection against infection. A CoP can be used to determine whether an individual is protected from infection, evaluate candidate vaccines, guide vaccination dosing intervals and policy, and understand population-level immunity against a pathogen. Despite an urgent need, a CoP for SARS-CoV-2 is currently undefined, leaving an evidence gap for informing public health policy and adapting it appropriately as new variants of concern emerge. The objective of this study was to systematically review and assess the evidence for a humoral SARS-CoV-2 CoP. Methods and Findings: We searched OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Biosis Previews and Scopus from inception to January 4, 2022 and pre-prints (using NIH iSearch COVID-19 portfolio) from inception to December 31, 2021, for studies describing SARS-CoV-2 re-infection or breakthrough infection with associated antibody measures. Two reviewers independently extracted study data and performed quality assessment. Twenty-five studies were included in our systematic review. Several studies reported re-infection or breakthrough cases that occurred in the presence of robust antibody levels. Studies that compared aggregate antibody concentrations from individuals who experienced re-infection or breakthrough compared to those who remained protected did not always find differences that were statistically significant. However, several studies found an inverse relationship between antibody levels and infection incidence, risk, or viral load, and a correlation between antibody levels and vaccine efficacy (VE). Estimates of the contribution of antibody levels to VE varied from 48.5% to 94.2%, suggesting that both humoral immunity and other immune components contribute to protection. Only two studies estimated a quantitative CoP. For Ancestral SARS-CoV-2, these included 154 (95% confidence interval (CI) 42, 559) anti-S binding antibody units/mL (BAU/mL), and 28.6% (95% CI 19.2, 29.2%) of the mean convalescent antibody level following infection. One study reported a CoP for the Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant of concern of 171 (95% CI 57, 519) BAU/mL. As of our search date, no studies reported an Omicron-specific CoP. Conclusions: The reviewed literature was limited by a wide variation in assay methodology and antibody targets. Few studies reported SARS-CoV-2 lineage. The studies included in our review suggest that if it exists, a SARS-CoV-2 CoP is likely relative, where higher antibody levels decrease the risk of infection, but do not eliminate it completely. More work is urgently needed in this area to establish a SARS-CoV-2 CoP and guide policy as the pandemic continues.


Explicit formulation of dominant parts of the estimation errors of A and C matrices in shift invariance approach and state approach are derived based on a proposing lemma on perturbations to the singular subspaces. In the state approach, two methods are considered: one estimates the state from the left singular subspaces of a certain matrix, while the other estimates the state from the right singular subspaces of the same matrix. It is shown that the estimate in the state approach has an asymptotic bias when the past horizon p is finite, while the estimate in the shift invariance approach is unbiased.


Sufficiently strong axiomatic theories allow for the construction of self-referential sentences, i.e. sentences saying something about themselves. After the Gödel's paper on incompleteness (Gödel, 1931) the self-reference method found further applications—some are listed below—and became even more important. Around say 1970 it appeared that the self-reference method was not only a useful tool, but also an interesting field of study: it became clear that reasoning about self-referential sentences could be made more transparent and limitations of the self-reference method could be clarified by using modal logic. The connections of meta-mathematics to modal logic, especially after the Solovay's paper (Solovay, 1976), brought traditional modal logic to the attention of more mathematically oriented logicians and constituted a stimulus in modal logical studies. In this paper we briefly discuss some of the existing modal systems, putting an emphasis on Rosser modalities, also known as witness comparison modalities, and present one new system of that kind. First we fix some symbolism and the way we speak about arithmetic and self-reference.


The main focus of this German‐wide multi‐center study was to establish a BRCA1/2 mutation profile and to determine family types with high frequencies of mutations in these genes. In a comprehensive study, the entire coding sequences of the breast cancer genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 were analyzed in 989 unrelated patients from German breast/ovarian cancer families. A total of 77 BRCA1 and 63 BRCA2 distinct deleterious mutations were found in 302 patients. More than ⅓ of these mutations are novel and might be specific for the German population. Eighteen common mutations were found in 68% of cases in BRCA1 and 13 recurrent mutations in 44% of cases in BRCA2, facilitating prescreening approaches. Haplotype analysis indicate that 14 out of 20 recurrent mutations are likely originating from a common founder. An additional 50 different rare sequence variants with unknown relevance for tumorigenesis were found in 72 families. Correlation of BRCA1/BRCA2 detection rates with family history identified families with both breast and ovarian cancer to be at highest risk for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations (43% and 10%, respectively), followed by families with at least 2 premenopausal cases of breast cancer (24% BRCA1 and 13% BRCA2 mutations). These data provide strong evidence for further predisposing genes in the German population. In breast cancer families with 2 or 3 affected females but only a single or no premenopausal case, mutations were detected with low frequencies (about 10% or less for both genes). The decision for or against molecular diagnosis is now aided by considering the expected mutation detection rates that greatly depend on family history and structure. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Ruthenium and osmium were deposited in sub-monolayer amounts on Pt(100) and Pt(110) single crystal surfaces ia spontaneous deposition and explored using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and cyclic voltammetry. The results were compared to previously published Pt(111) data to yield a comprehensive discussion of all low-index platinum surfaces modified by ruthenium and osmium. Ex-situ STM was utilized to image the deposition characteristics of ruthenium and osmium islands on Pt(hkl). The spontaneous deposition procedure yielded a maximum coverage of 0.22 and 0.10 monolayer of ruthenium on Pt(100) and Pt(110), respectively. Homogeneous deposition of ruthenium on the Pt(hkl) surfaces was observed without preferential deposition on step edges or surface defect sites. In contrast to the results with Pt/Ru, the spontaneous deposition of osmium yields osmium clusters preferentially (though
not exclusively) at surface defect sites and step edges. Osmium island deposition occurs at a greater rate than ruthenium on all low index surfaces, and follows the same affinity as Ru; that is, deposition on Pt(100) is greater than Pt(111) which is greater than Pt(110). It was also determined that both ruthenium and osmium deposit in mainly mono-layer high islands on all three crystal faces.


The individual in international law — Extradition — In general — Quantum of evidence necessary for allowing extradition — Test of evidence sufficient to put fugitive on trial — Decision of the extradition judge on the weight of the evidence — Whether and when reviewable — Limits of the review — The law of Canada


Background: In anesthesia practices, the prevention of sympathetic discharge is important. Dexmedetomidine is a sedative with anxiolytic and analgesic effects. However, its effects on hemodynamic response in direct laryngoscopy are not clear. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine with well-known premedication agent midazo- lam. Methods: Intramuscular 0.05mgkg -1 midazolam (GroupM) or intravenous 1� gkg -1 dexmedetomidine (GroupD) was ap- plied to cases who were scheduled for direct laryngoscopy under general anesthesia. Heart Rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured before premedication and noted down as control values. Preoperative hemodynamic parameters, recovery times and sedation levels of both groups were compared. Results: In the comparison of MAP of the groups at the postintubation 1 st and 5 th min, the values of Group M were signifi- cantly higher (p=0.04, p=0.002). Mean postintubation MAP values at the 1 st , 5 th , and 10 th min and mean postextubation MAP values, at the 1 st min of GroupM were significantly higher than the mean control MAP (p=0.001, p=0.003, p=0.008, p=0.002, p=0.008 respectively). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine premedication is a more effective alternative to midazolam premedication for hemody- namic stabilization and early recovery in direct laryngoscopy operation.