Traveltime moveout is a key ingredient of traditional and modern stacking schemes and, in addition to the constructive summation of redundant data components, has versatile application such as trace interpolation, regularization, or velocity model building. It has been shown that higher-order traveltime operators provide a better fit for curved target structures and complex overburdens. In addition, multidimensional stacking schemes have been shown to optimally utilize multi-channel data redundancy. Derivations of higher-order multidimensional moveout approximations require a simplified model to fit seismic data from a heterogenous overburden, i.e., an auxiliary medium and an analytical description of the reflector. The existing mechanisms to account for the overburden heterogeneity, either by a shift in velocity (effective medium), or by a shift of the reference time (optical medium), could not yet be extended to the 3D case. To fill that gap, we suggest an auxiliary anisotropic medium, which in the 3D case allows to simulate wavefronts of complex shape. We show that this anisotropic auxiliary medium naturally incorporates properties of effective and optical auxiliary media. The auxiliary anisotropic medium and a locally analytical description of the reflector shape constitute the 3D simplified model, which enables the derivation of 3D extensions of the existing 2D multidimensional moveout approximations. INTRODUCTION The concept of an auxiliary medium is widely used for the derivation of moveout approximations, which still form an important ingredient of most processing workflows. It suggests that in the presence of heterogeneity the actual subsurface model is replaced by an auxiliary medium of constant velocity. The advantage of this replacement lies in the fact that in the auxiliary medium the rays are straight and the wavefront elements are circular, which significantly simplifies the ray propagation and provides an appealing geometrical interpretation of the reflection process. The auxiliary medium also allows the use of analytical operators in processing and imaging, which is a practical value. Two types of auxiliary media are known in the 2D case. The heterogeneous medium is either replaced by an effective medium – a homogeneous medium of "average" velocity, or by an optical medium – a homogeneous medium of near-surface velocity. The effective and optical media are used in the derivation of reflection moveout approximations in common-midpoint (CMP) gathers: the classical normal moveout (NMO) hyperbola (e.g., Mayne, 1962) and the shifted hyperbola introduced by de Bazelaire (1988). While the classical NMO is based on the velocity-shift mechanism (effective medium) to account for heterogeneity of the subsurface, the shifted hyperbola utilizes a time shift, typical for the optical representations. Schwarz and Gajewski (2017) investigated the mechanisms by which multidimensional stacking operators account for heterogeneity of the overburden and showed that the described duality can be extended to these approaches. They found that the common-reflection-surface (CRS, Jäger et al., 2001), non-hyperbolic CRS (Fomel and Kazinnik, 2013) and implicit CRS (Schwarz et al., 2014) utilize the velocity-shift mechanism, while multifocusing (Gelchinsky et al., 1999) is based on the time-shift method. In addition, Schwarz and Gajewski (2017) proposed a recipe to transform time shifts into velocity shifts and vice versa. 18 Annual WIT report 2016 However, this well-established theory of auxiliary media breaks down when the 3D case is considered. In the 3D case, wavefronts have two principal curvatures and, hence, can not be accurately approximated by purely spherical wavefronts. In order to overcome this problem, we propose a new auxiliary medium which accounts for heterogeneity of the subsurface by a special type of anisotropy that allows for a convenient derivation of 3D multidimensional moveout approximations. AUXILIARY MEDIA The geometrical approach is commonly used for the derivation of multidimensional stacking operators. The derivation is usually based on a simplified model of the subsurface: an analytical reflector in an auxiliary constant-velocity medium. The simplified model is related to "reality" (a curved reflector below a heterogeneous overburden) through the two hypothetical (NIP and normal) experiments (Hubral, 1983). The NIP experiment enables to define the properties of auxiliary media. In the NIP experiment, a fictitious source S is placed at the reflection point of the central ray. The source S generates the wavefront that arrives at the central point x0 at the time t0/2, with the emergence angle α and with the radius of curvature RNIP (see Figure 1). The near-surface velocity at the point x0 is assumed to be v0. The goal is to find an image source S∗ determined by the parameters α̃, R̃NIP in the auxiliary medium of constant velocity ṽ that generates an identical wavefront (or an identical moveout ∆t̃NIP = t̃NIP(x) − t̃0). To achieve this goal, we have to equate the first and second-order spatial derivatives of the traveltime of the NIP wave in the auxiliary medium and in the heterogeneous medium ∂t̃NIP ∂x = ∂tNIP ∂x ; ∂t̃NIP ∂x2 = ∂tNIP ∂x2 ⇔ sin α̃ ṽ = sinα v0 ; 1 ṽ cos α̃ R̃NIP = 1 v0 cos α RNIP , (1) and consider the following obvious relationship t̃0 = 2R̃NIP ṽ . (2) The system of equations (1,2) can be solved with respect to t̃0, ṽ, α̃ and R̃NIP under one of the following conditions: • α̃ = α. Solution of the system leads to the optical medium (see Figure 1a and Table 1). In this case, the wavefronts are locally identical, the moveouts coincide up to the time shift δt = t̃0 − t0. • t̃0 = t0. Solution of the system leads to the effective medium (see Figure 1c and Table 1). In this case, the wavefronts do not coincide, but the moveouts are locally identical. However, we may also want to fulfill both conditions • α̃ = α, t̃0 = t0. In this case, the solution of the system is possible only under the assumption of an anisotropic auxiliary medium. In the anisotropic auxiliary medium the velocity varies with the direction (see Figure 1b and Table 1). The advantage of this approach is that both the wavefronts and the moveouts are locally identical. In the normal wave experiment, a fictitious exploding reflector element around the NIP is considered (see Figure 2). Similarly to the NIP experiment, equalization of the spatial derivatives of the traveltime of the normal wave enables to link the radius of curvature of the normal wave in the auxiliary medium R̃N and in the heterogeneous medium RN (see Table 1). In the auxiliary media, the normal wavefront is generated by the circular reflector with the origin at the center of curvature of the normal wavefront R̃N and the radius R̃: R̃ = R̃N − R̃NIP. (3) The thus obtained simplified models are used for the derivation of higher-order 2D multidimensional moveout approximations, e.g., multifocusing (optical medium) and implicit CRS (effective medium). Annual WIT report 2016 19 Table 1: Properties of auxiliary media Auxiliary medium Optical Anisotropic Effective Velocity ṽ=v0 1 ṽ2(θ) = sin 2 θ v2 x′ + cos 2 θ v2 z′ v x′=v 2 0RNIP/R̃NIP v z′=v 2 0 ṽ= vNMO √√√1+ v2 NMO v2 0 sin2 α vNMO= √ 2v0RNIP t0 cos 2 α Parameters of NIP experiment t̃0= 2RNIP v0 α̃=α R̃NIP=RNIP t̃0=t0 α̃=α R̃NIP= t0v0 2 t̃0=t0 sin α̃= ṽ v0 sinα R̃NIP= t0ṽ 2 CMP moveout ( t+t̃0−t0 )2 =t̃20+ 4h2 v2 0 t2=t20+ 4h2 v2 NMO t2=t20+ 4h2 v2 NMO Parameters of Normal experiment R̃N=RN R̃=R̃N−R̃NIP R̃N=RN R̃=R̃N−R̃NIP R̃N= R̃NIP RNIP RN R̃=R̃N−R̃NIP


Introduction: Partial melting of mantle silicates is the most important process by which terrestrial planets continue to differentiate. Geochronology of Martian meteorites and cratering studies of lava flows in Tharsis and Elysium regions demonstrate that volcanic activity continued on Mars in geologically recent past [1,2], thereby suggesting partial melting of the mantle has been a key process over much of the geologic history of the red planet. The most critical information required to constrain partial melting processes of Mars is the location of the volatile-free solidus, but constraints on the solidus location and near-solidus melting systematics of low Mg# [molar 100 × MgO/ (MgO+FeO)] Martian mantle are limited [3-6]. The currently used Martian mantle solidus is based on experiments on a K-free composition derived from model Martian mantle of [7] at 1-3 GPa (BH solidus, [3]). Solidus brackets were strictly constrained only at 1-2 GPa in [3] while at higher pressures, the experimental data are scattered. Given the facts that the current estimate on total alkali of bulk silicate Mars range from 0.11 wt.% [8] to 1.2 wt.% ([9] model EH45: H55) and the onset of melting in the Martian mantle likely extends to much deeper depths, reliabale experiments constraining solidus of K-bearing composition to higher pressures are needed. Moreover, the BH solidus appears too high to be consistent with the decreasing trend of isobaric solidus temperature with decreasing bulk Mg# of peridotite (filled symbols in Fig.1) as observed for terrestrial mantle peridotite compositions [10] and may be affected in part by poor detection ability of small melt pockets by EPMA imaging. However, K-free starting composition used in BH solidus experiment could have also resulted in higher solidus temperature than K-bearing mantle. With previous studies on terrestrial peridotite partial melting suggesting that both bulk alkali concentration and Mg# affect solidus temperature [10-12] it is important to constrain the mantle solidus and melting systematics in the presence of both Na and K and over the entire pressure range relevant for melting on Mars [13]. Here we present partial melting experiments at 2 to 5 GPa on one of the model Martian mantle compositions [14] (1) to constrain solidus temperature of Kbearing model Martian mantle from 2 to 5 GPa, (2) to discuss possible compositional (K2O, Na2O, Mg# etc.) effects on solidus temperature of Martian mantle by comparing available experimental data on both Martian and terrestrial compositions. Figure 1. Isobaric solidus temperature of terrestrial and Martian mantle compositions at 3 GPa as a function of Mg# (filled symbols) and bulk alkali contents (open symbols). Tinaquillo: [15]; KR4003:[16]; KLB-1ox:[17]; HPN1611:[18]; DW: calculated by parameterization from [13] based on experiments of [3]; LF: This study.


The purpose of the article is to consider the current phenomenon of crypto art from an artistic point of view. The research methodology includes historical, art studies, and comparative analysis. The scientific novelty of the article is that the fact of the emergence and development of a new phenomenon that attracts the attention of an increasing number of artists has been established, and a systematic analysis of its existing challenges and advantages over the traditional art market has been carried out. Conclusions. We are at the beginning of a multi-year process. The trend is gaining momentum, increasingly drawing humanity into a technological singularity, where, on the one hand, the war in all its forms and manifestations does not end, and on the other — the synergy of passionaries opens up new unprecedented horizons for joint creative work and monetisation of their artistic skills. The popularisation of NFT by a "magical" force has attracted the attention of independent creators to new communication channels and the formation of new decentralised communities, which usually demonstrate a high level of cooperation and culture in general. Digital art has rarely received as much attention as it does now. The NFTs may disappear, but the critical dialogue they have created will remain in our collective memory, and the value and legitimacy they have brought to digital art through this conversation may have changed their social perception forever. The new paradigm first of all emphasises that "value" as a property and characteristic of objects or phenomena in modern conditions is increasingly determined not by the past, but by the future. This is what determines the "paradigm shift" — the present in the future is much more important than the traditional in the past.


This project was designed to examine the relationship between contemporary Japanese horror cinema and modern Japanese society through the presentation of family and in particular the role of the protective parent. I achieved this by the method of cultural relativism. I began by defining terminology that is associated with traditional Japanese family values, using a wide literary field to aid me in establishing what I would be looking for so as to complete the project successfully. To then highlight a correlation between contemporary horror cinema and modern society, I watched and then closely analysed a collection of five modern horror films, commenting on the representation of parents and family. I then applied the socio-cultural theories I had previously researched to my analyses, culminating in three separate essays, all of which comment on issues raised by each of the films that refer directly to the said theories. In addition to this, I referred to the work of other film scholars and noted that some had also realised a correlation between horror cinema and modern Japanese society. I used their comments and theories to reinforce my own findings. I ended the project by concluding that whilst there is a correlation between horror cinema and contemporary Japanese culture, it is impossible to make a general observation of Japanese society as a whole simply by viewing horror cinema.


Nepheline (NaAlSiO4) and sodalite (Na 4Al3Si3O12Cl) are widely distributed in chondrules and matrices of CO/CV chondrites (Kimura et al. 2014; Matsumoto et al. 2014). Because of the low condensation temperatures of such Na-rich minerals, these are likely not primary phases condensed from the solar nebula, but are secondary phases altered from melilite or plagioclase. According to previous petrographic studies (e.g. Russell et al., 1998; Tomeoka and Itoh, 2004), nepheline and sodalite are considered to form by hydrothermal processes on their parent body. Because of the high volatility and high mobility, Na element is potentially a powerful indicator reflecting aqueous environments of the chondrite parent bodies. In this study, we performed hydrothermal alteration experiments to understand the formation process of Na-rich minerals in chondrite parent bodies. We used i) synthetic melilite (gehlenite, Ca 2Al2SiO7) + SiO2, and ii) natural plagioclase (An 48) as starting materials. Four reaction solutions of 1N (mol/l)-NaOH (pH 0), H 2O (pH 7), 0.1N-NaOH (pH 13) and 1N-NaOH (pH 14) were reacted with three different water/rock ratios (10, 100 and 1000). Na + concentration in all solutions was maintained at 1 mol/l by addition of NaCl. Hydrothermal alteration experiments were performed with a PTFE reaction vessel loaded into steel autoclave and were carried out at temperature at 200 °C and pressure of 1.5 MPa for run duration time of 168 hours. The recovered samples were analyzed by XRD, SEM, TEM, and TG-DTA. In the experiments using melilite+SiO 2 with W/R = 100 and pH 7-14 solutions, hydrogrossulor (Ca 3Al2[SiO4]1.6[O4H4]1.3) formed as a secondary phase with low SiO 2 contents, while analcime (NaAlSi 2O6H2O), nepheline-hydrate (NaAlSiO 4H2O), basic-cancrinite (Na 8Al6Si6O24[OH]2•2H2O) and tobermorite (Ca 5Si6O16[OH]2•4H2O) formed with high SiO2 contents. Although no secondary phase was observed at high W/R (=1000), analcime and basic-cancrinite occurred at low W/R (=10). Under the pH 0 solution, melilite was dissolved and no secondary phases formed. In the experiments using plagioclase with W/R = 100 and pH 0-7 solutions, no secondary phases formed. On the other hand, under pH 13-14 solutions, analcime and nepheline-hydrate formed with W/R = 10 and 100. A TG-DTA of nepheline-hydrate at heating rate 5 °C/min in air showed that the dehydration started at ̃100 °C and finished at ̃800°C. From the DTA and XRD data of this condition, nepheline-hydrate is considered to be transformed into nepheline at ̃800°C. From the TG-DTAs of nepheline-hydrate with different heating rates, we estimated that nepheline-hydrate could alter to nepheline for at least ̃10 3 years at 400°C. A TG-DTA of analcime at heating rate 2 °C/min in air showed that dehydration started at ̃120°C and finished at ̃500°C. The XRD data showed analcime is transformed into nepheline and amorphous material below 1000°C, although we failed to estimate the required time of the transformation because of the DTA curves of analcime were too complicated. The present results show melilite and plagioclase are easily altered into hydrous minerals like nepheline-hydrate and analcime in Na-rich high alkali solutions. Because the experimental condition demonstrated in the present study seems to be comparable to actual carbonaceous chondrite parent body, we infer that nepheline in carbonaceous chondrite formed initially as intermediate products like nepheline-hydrate and analcime during aqueous alteration, and these hydrous minerals was subsequently dehydrated to nepheline.


Resistance of Plasmodium fakiparum to currently available antimalarial drugs is intensifying the search for novel, more effective chemotherapeutic agents. The most important discovery, isolated by Chinese scientists from Artemisia annua, is artemisinin (Klayman 1985; Meshnick et a1 1996; Fig. 1). Despite impressive biological activity, problems with recrudescence and difficulties with formulation have led to the development of artemether and arteether. These are methyl and ethyl ethers of dihydroartemisinin, a lactone-reduced analogue of arternisinin and are more potent than artemisinin in-vitro and in-vivo in animal studies. Water soluble derivatives of dihydroartemisinin, artesunate and sodium artelinate have also been produced (Fig. 2). These analogues are at various stages of development. Artemether and sodium artesunate are in clinical use and are under evaluation in multicentre trials (Hien & White 1993), arteether is being developed jointly by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research and sodium artelinate is in phase I clinical trials (Olliaro & Trigg 1995). Clinical studies worldwide with artemisinin and its analogues have shown these drugs to be particularly effective in the treatment of severe malaria and in cases of Plasmodium falciparum infection unresponsive to treatment with existing antimalarial agents (White 1994; Li et a1 1994; Hien 1994; Looareesuwan 1994; Salako et a1 1994). Their efficacy and relatively low clinical toxicity has encouraged their widespread and occasionally unregulated use. A concern was raised, not unreasonably, that these drugs were being used against a background of pharmacological ignorance as, aside from the Chinese literature, there was relatively little definitive information on the pharmacology of these substances. Information was circulating within internal documents of the US Army and the WHO but not in peer-reviewed journals generally available to Western scientists. A major stimulus to activity in this area was provided by a meeting organized under the auspices of the Wellcome Trust in April 1993. At this meeting, a group of scientists and clinicians active in this field met to exchange views. While the success of artemisinin and its analogues was acknowledged, several gaps in our knowledge became apparent, notably the empirical nature of dosage regimens for these drugs and the evidence of neurotoxicity in preclinical studies.


This report investigates the potential effects of 12 free trade agreements (FTAs) under the current EU trade agenda. For this, it quantifies the cumulated sectoral impacts in terms of bilateral trade, production, demand, and price developments. Moreover, it provides insights on the evolution of supply, demand, and farm-gate prices for the most relevant EU agricultural commodity markets. In contrast to a forecast exercise, this analysis compares two variants of a trade liberalisation scenario (conservative and ambitious) to a business-as-usual (baseline) situation in 2030. The study confirms that the analysed free trade agreements have the potential to benefit the EU agri-food sector when considered simultaneously. It also highlights the vulnerability of the beef, sheep meat, poultry, sugar, and rice sectors.


The increasing recognition of the potential of culture to generate revenue has created a significant surge in today's global tourism market. Cultural resources can therefore be construed as capital that tourist destinations can utilize for economic advantage. Such capital needs to be well managed and its potential maintained for sustainable exploitation. This study explores this cultural capital of tourist destinations using Zanzibar as a case. Exploratory factor analysis is used to determine the underlying dimensions that constitute this construct. Seven dimensions are identified which for Zanzibar appear to be the distinct latent variables that motivate tourists to visit the island. These are "historical objects", "cultural events", "cultural behavior", "traditional medicine and spiritual practices", "traditional aqua activities", "food and culinary experiences", and "handcrafts". Apart from the theoretical implications, the findings of this study provide an insight that destination managers can utilize in planning tourism strategies.


A cooling hole is important structure of turbine blades for high-performance aircraft engines. It is very challenging to manufacture cooling holes in superalloys including nickel-based and titanium alloys. This article aims to provide a critical assessment on the major types of machining processes for manufacturing cooling holes. The process mechanism, efficiency, form accuracy, and surface integrity of the state-of-art of four machining processes, i.e., mechanical drilling (MD), electrical discharge drilling (EDD), laser drilling (LD), and electrochemical drilling (ECD) have been thoroughly analyzed and compared in details. The future challenges and future potential research directions for the machining processes are also discussed.


OBJECTIVE To survey the knowledge about the prevention by hepatitis B vaccination among vaccine recipients and inquiry persons,and formulate the measure of health education on prevention of HBV. METHODS 349 cases of hepatitis vaccines and inquiry persons in infirmary from Oct 2006 to Feb 2008 were selected,and making questionaire investigation for the understanding of HBV infection. RESULTS The initiative consciousness of prevention to HBV was manily focused on young people. The 20 to 40 years old people were 81%,3% below 20 years and 16% over 40 years among the investegatees. The correct rate of cognition was 36.4%. CONCLUSIONS To propagandize the knowledge about HBV and make the people to understanding the HVB,and increase the consciousness for prevention. To reduce the mistake cognition for HBV infection and encourage the high-risk people to receive the hepatitis vaccination.


The development and implementation of a low cost virtual laboratory, suitable for team work, on the subject of Earth and Universe within a Physics course is presented. The laboratory is designed by university students of physics that will be the future teachers in high schools in Chile. The work is inserted in the broad concept of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and was developed and tested in a course of a local high school. The development of the virtual laboratory includes the use of educational software, simulations and animations. This virtual laboratory allows students to gain skills associated with independent learning, in a learning environment characterized by team work. The design of virtual laboratories as reported in this paper shows to be relevant for the formation of science teachers and for the better transmission of physics concepts to high school students.


The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of information and communication technology (ICT) as a learning resource on student-teacher communication skills. The research was motivated by the lack of student-teacher communication in the Creative Products and Entrepreneurship subject at Riau Vocational High School for Integrated Agriculture. The study hypothesised that using ICT as a learning resource affects the quality of student-teacher communication in the classroom. This study employed a survey method, with 1,243 students from Riau Vocational High School for Integrated Agriculture located in Pekanbaru City as the research population. Meanwhile, using the Slovin formula, the sample size in this study was 276 students. The data analysis technique employed regression analysis. The study's findings show that: information and communication technology as a learning resource is in the high category; information technology as a learning resource affects the quality of student-teacher communication. While communication quality is considered good, it is influenced by information and communication technology.


The system H 2 CO+H 2 O has been investigated by means of ab initio SCF and CI calculations. The geometry was SCF-optimized for the complex H 2 CO+H 2 O and for one and two additional H 2 O molecules bound to the optimal H 2 CO...H 2 O nuclear arrangements. The binding energy was evaluated with basis set superposition errors and zero-point vibrations taken into account. The solvent shift for the singlet and triplet n→π * transitions was determined in CI calculations for the entire system. The solvent shift is found to be strongest (around 1140 cm -1 ) for the optimally H 2 O-bonded formaldehyde complexes with one water molecule


Induced thermal resistance was observed in the ear of the mouse after heat treatment at temperatures ranging from 41.5 to 45.5°C. For a given priming temperature both the magnitude and time course of induced resistance depended on the duration of heating. Whereas a single treatment of about 50 min at 43.5°C was required to cause necrosis in 50% of the heated ears, a priming heat treatment could induce resistance such that a second treatment of 100 min at 43.5°C was needed. This degree of induced resistance was used to investigate the relationship between the heating time and temperature to induce resistance at 24 hr after the priming treatment. The results indicate that this relationship may be different above and below 42.5°C. Heat treatments which induced the same degree of resistance at 24 hr were compared. Although similar degrees of thermal resistance were observed between 16 to 96 hr after each treatment, resistance developed more rapidly after heating at lower temperatures for longer times than at ...


INTRODUCTION: Globally, pharmacists play an important role in health-care system. The academic knowledge and the clinical skills that pharmacy student undertakes can be used to improve patient care and the medication use, especially in chronic conditions. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to find out the extent of pharmacy students' involvement in addressing the medical related issues in their own family. METHODS: Students' extent and involvement in Addressing their Family member Medical Condition Questionnaire (SAFMCQ) was developed and validated. Pretest, pilot-tests and test-retest were performed with samples of 34, 108 and 34 respectively. SAFMCQ was used to collect responses from selected students of pharmacy colleges in South India. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: From the study, we found that M.Pharm Pharmacy Practice students are involved more in attending family member health issues. We observed mixed responses from the PharmD and poor practice among B.Pharm students. CONCLUSION: In general, staying away from family members and not being familiar with their health status are the reasons for pharmacy students' inadequate practice in addressing the health issues of their family members. We conclude that pharmacy students in India can improve their interest and practice surrounding the health of the family members.


Using a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers, karyotypes and morphology, we examine the taxonomy of the Australo-papuan scincid lizard Carlia 'fusca' complex in northern Australia, all of which had been assigned previously to C. longipes. Carlia longipes, shows substantial variation in Y chromosome morphology between populations, indeed more than is seen between other species of Carlia. Analyses of the molecular genetic data and morphology demonstrate that populations with different Y chromosomes are two different species and also lead to the recognition of a third species from the Torres Strait. We herein define each of these species, for which previously described names can be applied.


From the requirement of dynamic modeling and computer simulation of ship propulsion plant, the importance of building mathematical model of fluid coupling for research on the dynamic characteristics of ship propulsion plant is stated, and for using experimental curve of the fluid coupling-in the form of the input characteristic-as source data for quasi steady model. A tough task should be tackled in building the model which is one of the most important components in ship propulsion plant as this model should have universal form and be used for ① performing interpolation and extrapolation of experimental curve around the area of the rated working condition at steady states, ② calculating the dynamic process, for example, the process of engagement (or disengagement) of fluid coupling when the slip of fluid coupling changes between 100% and the value of the rated working condition around at steady state. An application of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in this aspect is presented in the paper, in which the train of thought and the key points needed in building a mathematical model of fluid coupling by ANN are stated, i.e., ① selection of the algorithm of ANN (including transfer functions) and the architecture of ANN (the number of the hidden layers and their neurons), ② improving network generalization, and ③ adding additional data for ANN training. A couple of meaningful results of computer simulation of fluid coupling′s ANN model in one kind of warship propulsion plant are shown and analyzed, i.e., ① the slips of fluid coupling are shown at every control lever position ahead and astern in steady states when all engines are running, ② the dynamic processes during engagement of fluid coupling with different pitch of the controllable pitch propeller, and ③ the dynamic processes of acceleration from the control lever position of idle to ahead 5 while all engines are running.


How a new wave of research on venoms from an array of creatures could seed future pharma development.

Pediatric neurosurgeon Amy Lee works by the small, bright light of a microscope, her gaze focused on the opened skull of a child. Lee moves her hands calmly and confidently over the exposed brain, plucking out as much tumor as she safely can.

A handful of promising new drug candidates are derived from peptides in the venom of scorpions and other animals. Image credit: Shutterstock/Bens_Hikes.

But there are some surgeries, and some parts of the brain, where tumor tissue and healthy tissue look very much alike. In those cases, Lee, based at Seattle Children's Hospital in Washington, looks to a computer monitor beside the operating table, where a view of the brain shows tumor, illuminated in fluorescent green, nestled in otherwise white, healthy tissue. This new diagnostic tool helps surgeons gauge, in real time, how much tumor they've removed, and how much is left behind.

That green glow comes from tozuleristide, a new diagnostic drug in phase two clinical trials. But the drug's novelty stems not only from its potential to highlight troublesome childhood tumors, but also from the compound's source: the potent venom of the Israeli deathstalker scorpion ( Leiurus quinquestriatus ).

Tozuleristide uses a peptide from the venom and an infrared dye to seek out and illuminate tumors of all kinds, including in the breast, colon, and skin. The drug has gone through safety testing and early clinical trials to image brain tumors in children, and today stands about two years from possible US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. The key ingredient, the scorpion venom peptide chlorotoxin, is just one of many untapped, and potentially lifesaving toxins in the venom of snakes, scorpions, spiders, and other creatures, honed through millions …


The aim of this research is to identify respondents' perception of religious study toward educators in terms of readiness, materials, presentation, and character in Selangor state mosques. The research was analysed using quantitative research design using questionnaires. 400 respondents were chosen through cluster sampling. The questionnaires were distributed in three district zones in the state of Selangor. Results were descriptively and inferentially analysed with the values of frequency, percentage, mean value, t-test, and ANOVA. Results show that respondents' perception of educators' readiness shows high mean value (3.77), perception of materials shows average mean value (3.33), perception of presentation shows average mean value (3.41), and perception of educators' character shows average mean value (3.43). The results indicate that religious study at mosques has given a value in lifelong learning towards the Muslim community. Although respondents' perception towards it is still at an average level, however, this could indirectly affect them in terms of acceptance of understanding, and appreciation towards the religion. The results of this study contribute to the improvement of the management of mosque institutions in the aspect of curriculum development which incorporates lifelong learning or adult learning (andragogy), faculty management, and understanding of the subject required for the Muslim community.


A study is made of the rainfall occurring at four British stations on occasions when they lie beneath the jet stream. The mean distribution of rainfall in relation to the jet stream provides evidence, in agreement with dynamical theory, for a direct circulation at the jet entrance and an indirect circulation at the jet exit. Precipitation patterns found for uniform currents provide no satisfactory evidence with regard to the preferred vertical circulations within the central region of the jet stream.


A battery of 57 specially constructed and marker tests was administered to 206 ninth-grade students. Sixteen divergent production abilities were predicted, along with 7 other reference factors in the structure of intellect. Principal components analysis was followed by orthogonal rotation according to Cliff's least squares procedure for approximating a target matrix. The 16 divergent-production factors and the 7 reference factors were clearly identified.


This paper conducted a quantitative assessment based on a simulation analysis of what impact the reformed Korean National Pension Act on July 2007 could bring on its sustainability, equity, and adequacy, and then it inquires into policy implications for further development of the system. [ADBI Working Paper 135]


Unlike olden days, the trending world nowadays demands a lot of involvement of parents in the education of their children and there is widespread support for the same, in order to enhance academic achievement. Schools today are no longer considered to be the only source providing education to the students, but parents are thought to play an integral role in the entire education process. The main aim of this study was to explore the level of parental involvement and academic achievement in science subject among secondary school students. The study was conducted on a sample of 160 students selected from rural and urban schools of Kohima district in Nagaland. Statistical techniques t-test and Karl Pearson's Product Moment Correlation (r) was used to analyse the data. Findings of the study revealed that Parental Involvement of the students was very high in majority of the students (76.25%) and the Achievement level in Science was found to be below average with a mean value of 21.6. Positive correlation was found between the two variables (r = 0.165, p is less than 0.05).


This paper discusses the results of an experiment exploring the effects of information technology intervention on decision making groups. Specifically, the study examines the effects communication modality {remote vs. face-to-face) and information load on the types of social influence used by group members and the amount of group polarization or choice shift exhibited by group members. The findings suggest that face-to-face groups use more informational influ ence than remote groups and that this difference increases as information load increases. Also, face-to-face groups experienced greater choice shift than remote groups at high information loads.


This study tested the hypotheses that burn‐induced change in muscle function varies at sites local and distant from burn and is related to changes in expression of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) and muscle mass. In anesthetized rats, ∼4% burn was inflicted over the tibialis anterior muscle of one limb. The contralateral leg served as control. In another study, a ∼45% body surface area burn was produced on the trunk; controls were body sham‐burned rats. The evoked twitch tensions of tibialis anterior muscles in both legs were measured together with AChR proteins and their transcripts. Compared with the contralateral leg, absolute tensions in the burned leg declined at days 1, 4, and 7 without loss of muscle mass so that tension per unit wet muscle mass (specific tension) decreased; at day 14, the tension decreased with muscle atrophy so that specific tension was unchanged. Membrane AChRs and/or the immature subunit transcript, AChRγ messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) increased at days 4, 7, and 14, and both were inversely related to evoked tension (r = .43, P < .01 and r = .61, P < .0001, respectively). There was a direct correlation between AChR and AChRγ mRNA (r = .82, P < .001), suggesting that the upregulated AChRs may contain the immature γ‐subunit isoform. After ∼45% body burn, AChRs and mRNA did not change and the evoked tensions did not decline, but there was relative loss of muscle mass at days 7 and 14 so that specific tension increased. Burn trauma initially causes weakness of muscles directly under the burn, and this weakness may be partially related to increased expression of immature AChRs and later to muscle atrophy. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1283–1294, 2001


An heterogeneous network, where a switched-Ethernet backbone, as AFDX, interconnects several End Systems based on Network-On-Chip (NoC), is a promising candidate to build new avionics architecture. However, current avionics End System includes many functions, as performing a traffic shaping for each Virtual Link (VL) and scheduling the output frames in such a way the jitter on each VL is bounded. This paper describes how the NoC implements these functions in order to compute the worst-case traversal time (WCTT) of avionics frames on a NoC to reach the AFDX network. Besides, we illustrate the problem of guaranteeing a bounded jitter at the output of a NoC. We show that the existing mapping strategies present some limitations to reduce the congestion on the outgoing I/O flows (i.e. going from the NoC to the AFDX network) and so do not reduce the jitter on a given VL. We propose an extended mapping approach which considers the outgoing I/O flows. Experimental results on realistic avionics case studies show significant improvements of the jitter value.


In this paper, we settle the conjecture from "Pricing surplus server capacity for mean waiting time sensitive customers", by Sudhir K. Sinha, N. Rangaraj and N. Hemachandra, European Journal of Operational Research 205, Issue 1, (2010), 159-171. This conjecture arises from a joint pricing and scheduling problem introduced in Sinha et al. (2010). The overall objective of this problem is to optimally price the server's surplus capacity by introducing a new (secondary) class of customers that satisfies the predefined service level requirement of the existing (primary) class of customers, and simultaneously remains sensitive to their mean waiting times. keywords Queueing, Admission control, Pricing of services, Dynamic priority schemes


The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed the relationship between space users in the street, public spaces, and public facilities. Restrictions on physical distance (physical distancing) and activity (social distancing) are in place to prevent the spread of the Coronavirus. Borders on physical distance and access to public spaces do not reduce activity in these spaces. Public spaces must have an adaptive response to the spread of the virus while still implementing inclusive practices for all space users. Spatial adaptation patterns overcome the pandemic crisis in public spaces applied temporarily or permanently in the main areas where community activities are carried out. And now, in the transition of post-pandemic, when the city begins to open the pandemic, we hope people will remain comfortable and safe doing activities in public spaces from the spread of the Coronavirus. The specific purpose of this study is to explore the adaptation of community activities spaces that occurred in the centre of Semarang after the pandemic. This study uses a qualitative method with direct observation and interviews. This method captures the phenomenon of public spaces adaptation after the COVID-19 pandemic. The result is a temporary adaptation and viability pattern of community activity spaces in downtown Semarang in the COVID-19 pandemic transition. Hopefully, the finding can support the knowledge about sustainable public space after the pandemic.


Three-phase common-mode (CM) choke presents a large demand from the industry to mitigate the undesirable conducted emissions in power electronic applications. Accurate impedance information of three-phase CM choke provides useful insights for its circuit modeling so that optimal filter can be designed to comply with the relevant electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards without the usual trial-and-error process. In this paper, a convenient strategy for three-phase choke impedance measurement is proposed. By conducting the four-terminal sensing technique and considering the non-ideal behaviors of open-short-load (OSL) calibration kits, the impedance of three-phase CM choke can be measured with good accuracy up to 30 MHz.


Binary diffusion coefficients are reported as functions of concentration and temperature for seven helium–fluoroethane systems. An empirical correlation is made between the temperature‐dependent effective cross sections for diffusion and the number of electrons in the heavy species interacting with the light helium atoms. Some of the experiments suggest a possible ''isomer effect'' due to the differences in molecular configuration of the fluoroethane species.


The aim of the paper is construction of calibration relations in the case of class of coordinate non-polynomial splines connected with refinement of grids. An embed\-ding of spline spaces is established for arbitrary refinement of grids. The reconstruction matrixes in the case of a grid on an open interval and a grid on a segment are constructed. The system of biorthogonal linear functionals to splines is constructed. The decomposition matrixes in the case of a grid on an open interval and a grid on a segment are constructed.


ICIC (inter-cell interference coordination) techniques are effectively applied into dense frequency reuse networks such as LTE (long term evolution). While mitigating the interference produced by nearby cells, researches only concentrate on maximum SINR or proportional fairness, without a consideration of various throughput demands. An adaptive resource allocation based on satisfaction (ARAS) algorithm is proposed not only to mitigate interferences but also to satisfy throughput demands adaptively. It utilizes eNBs (evolved-NodeBs) communications via X2 interface to allocate resources between cells. Each cell is divided into two zones: cell-edge and cell-center, of which a satisfaction is always tracked. The scheduler adjusts the resources allocation in a distributed manner related to the zone satisfaction states. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a better satisfaction, meets different throughput demands and increases throughput fairness compared with reuse-1 model, FFR (fractional frequency reuse) and SFR (soft frequency reuse).


The welding slag,welding flux and other grains are not be cleaned completely in SAWL pipeproduction line,this will cause damage to expanding head and steel pipe inside surface after expansion,and result in steel pipe degradation and abandonment.This article introduced the structure and characteristics of a kind of pre-flushing device before expanding for SAWL pipe,this device consists of waterworks,water collector,filter and the sediment pool,and it adopts transverse trolley to enter and draw pipes.When it sprays water,the pipe rotates on the rotating rolls to make the whole circumference cleaned,as it ensures the requirement for the inside surface of the pipe in the following pipe expansion.Meanwhile,U-tube is seated between the secondary sediment pool and the pool,which helps to make the small particles precipitate in the secondary sediment pool and to ensure that the cleaned water in the pool meets the requirement.


Muscular-skeletal disorders of the upper limbs resulting from work involving repetition strain are the most frequent workrelated diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluated ergonomics aspects to dentist's works and the existence of painful symptomatology in the areas of the body, indicative of Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTD). Among the results, it was observed that 78.8% were represented by the female gender and 51.5% had among 41 to 50 years. The medium time of professional exercise was of 17.95 years while the medium day of work was of 8.3 hours daily rates. Most of the dentists (68.9%) told to feel pains after the work day, being the areas of the neck, backs, shoulders and hands the areas more affected. Was ended that front to the great number of CD attacked by the indicative symptomatology of CTD, it is done necessary to the information and application of the ergonomic beginnings in practice clinic for these professionals, perfecting like this the work conditions


The spread of Covid-19 has become one of the people's concerns, starting in the city of Wuhan, China at the end of 2019 when this virus was discovered, the spread of the virus that the antidote has not yet been found is now out of control. More than 200 countries in the world have reported that their people have contracted the Covid-19 virus. Corona Virus Disease 19 has been declared a Global Public Health Emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 30, 2020. Conditions in Indonesia until Thursday, November 30, 2020, the number of people who tested positive for Covid-19 reached 538,883 cases, 450,518 people recovered and 16,945 of them died. This figure will continue to increase in line with the opinion of some epidemiologists and statistics that a pandemic outbreak will not end quickly. The purpose of this community service activity is to realize one of the contents of the Minister of Health Regulation No. 62 of 2017, namely "Distribution Permits for Medical Devices, In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices and Household Health Supplies", namely by making and distributing Hand Washing Soap that is safe, durable and as recommended by the BPOM and the World Health Organization (WHO) to help people face the New Normal era. The result of this service activity is hand soap that is safe and environmentally friendly and is able to anticipate the spread of covid-19 and increase public awareness of the Covid-19 Virus in the face of the New Normal era.


Generalization of q11:antum mechanics to D spatial dimensions is il lustrated explicitly for a few elementary examples. For central force problems the sole effect is to augment the orbital angular momentum by I ..-. 1+ HD - 3). As shown by Rost, this relation holds even for D = 1, for which I = 0 and I = 1 correspond to eigenstates of even and odd parity. A key theorem for S states of any N -body system is demonstrated for the N = 3 case: the D-dimensional Hamilto nian can be cast in the same form as D = 3, with the addition of a scalar centrifugal potential that contains the sole dependence on D as a quadratic polynomial. For two-electron atoms, the D ..-. 00 limit and the first-order correCtion in 1/ D are discussed for both the complete Hamiltonian and the Hartree-Fock approximation.


Considering the influence of rigid-flexible dynamics on robotic grinding process, a model predictive control approach based on deep belief network (DBN) is proposed to control robotic grinding deformation. The rigid-flexible coupling dynamics of robotic grinding is first established, on the basis of which a robotic grinding prediction model is constructed to predict the change of robotic grinding status and perform feed-forward control. A rolling optimization formula derived from the energy function is also established to optimize control output in real time and perform feedback control. As the accurately model parameters are hard to obtain, a deep belief network is constructed to obtain the parameters of robotic grinding predictive model. Simulation and experimental results indicate that the proposed model predictive control approach can predict abrupt change of robotic grinding status caused by deformation and perform a feed-forward and feedback based combination control, reducing control overflow and system oscillation caused by inaccurate feedback control.


sity buildings. The author reviews briefly such federal educational institutions as the military academies, the Reserve Officers Training Corps, Gallaudet College and Howard University and reports on the various proposals that have been made for a &dquo;national university.&dquo; Parenthetically, it may be noted that the very first item in the plans of most of the emerging nations when they obtain independence is for a national university. Some of the author's observations have relevance for state uni-


Objective: To explore effect of cognitive operation on pai n threshold and pain tolerance Method: 101 college students were received a painful electrical stimulus in two conditions: first, students were given stimuli without cognitive operation and then they were given stimuli with cognitive operation Result: Pain threshold and pain tolerance without cognitive operation were all significantly lower than those with cogniti ve operation The rates of pain threshold or pain tolerance less than 5 mA in c ognitive operation group were higher Conclusion: Cognitive ope ration can increase pain threshold and pain tolerance


The resistive wall mode is a pressure/current-driven external kink destabilized by the finite resistivity of the surrounding shell. Although the wall mode growth rate is small ({gamma} {approximately} 1/{tau}{sub w} where {tau}{sub w} is the resistive wall diffusion time), its stability is an important requirement for the design of steady-state tokamaks operating at high-{beta} ({beta}{sub N} {approximately} 4-5). According to the ideal MHD model, the wall mode growth rate satisfies the following energy relation where {delta}W{sub f} is the well-known MHD fluid potential energy, and {delta}W{sub vb}, {delta}W{sub v{infinity}} are the vacuum energies with and without the wall. Equation shows that the wall mode is unstable for 0 {delta}W{sub v{infinity}}. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the stabilizing effect of thermal trapped particles. Since the wall mode frequency is typically smaller than the trapped particle precession drift frequency, the trapped particle compressibility is stabilizing. Using the gyro-kinetic equation, a kinetic energy principle for the wall mode is derived; where {delta}W{sub kin} represents the trapped particle contribution. It is shown that, in the absence of an equilibrium radial electric field, {delta}W{sub kin} is positive, and therefore stabilizing. In addition,more » {delta}W{sub kin} is maximum at zero frequency {delta}W{sub kin} ({omega} = 0) {approximately} {delta}W{sub kin} ({vert_bar}{omega}{vert_bar} {r_arrow} {infinity})/{epsilon} where {epsilon} = a/R{sub 0} < 1 is the inverse aspect ratio and its contribution to the wall mode stability is significant. By minimizing the kinetic energy principle, a new stability condition on the plasma beta is derived and compared with the ideal MHD beta limits.« less


Background: Antimicrobial resistance in pathogens is a growing concern for health. It is a great concern around the globe about the threat of increasing antimicrobial resistance. In response to this concerns, medical experts have proposed initiatives to curtail the spread of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria. We have taken this surveillance study in KYAMCH to contain the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of MRSA from different clinical samples and to record its current status to commonly used anti Staphylococcus antibiotics. Methods: The clinical samples were taken to the laboratory and within four hours cultured for isolates and identification pathogens. Finally, antibiotic sensitivity testing of the isolated Staphylococcus aureus was performed. Results: More than 80% of MRSA isolates were resistant to ampicillin (98%) followed by amoxicillin, cefixime and azithromycin with 94%, 93.5% and 85% respectively and maximum sensitivity toward tobramycin with 86% followed by 85% gentamicin and 79% meropenem. Conclusion: The detected trend in antibiotic resistance patterns of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in this study is alarming. This has created a huge clinical burden in the hospital settings as well as in the community.


Monitoring distributional shifts in Arctic and subarctic fish species as environmental conditions change can be difficult due to sparse or infrequent surveys. Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolep...


290-nm, 590-psec, 300-µJ pulses are generated from a compact Ce:LiSAF/Ce:LiCAF master oscillator and power amplifier system pumped by the fourth harmonic of a conventional Nd:YAG laser. Ultraviolet picosecond pulses from an all-solid-state Ce:LiSAF/Ce:LiCAF master oscillator and power amplifier system.


We analyze the Sznajd opinion formation model, where a pair of neighboring individuals sharing the same opinion on a square lattice convince its six neighbors to adopt their opinions, when a fraction of the individuals is updated according to the usual random sequential updating rule (asynchronous updating), and the other fraction, the simultaneous updating (synchronous updating). This combined updating scheme provides that the bigger the synchronous frequency becomes, the more difficult the system reaches a consensus. Moreover, in the thermodynamic limit, the system needs only a small fraction of individuals following a different kind of updating rules to present a non-consensus state as a final state.


There are more difficulties for traditional Chinese medicine teaching in western institutions.What are now listed.First of all,not enough attention to courses' setting-up time;Secondly,the students' more training interest with less energy;Thirdly,the prominent contradictions between complex teaching materia and less time teaching;the last one,teaching methods lag.In order to improve the teaching quality,we must set a reasonable course to improve the status of TCM,stimulate students' learning motivation,clear the purpose of teaching,understand the full essence of teaching materials,optimize the teaching content,improve teaching methods,and at last consummate the teaching model of TCM.


The present invention is in a planar array distributed VHF radar target azimuth angle measurement technology, and particularly relates to a measuring method of a planar array of distributed VHF radar azimuth angle based on the phase compensation. The method includes the following steps: calculate the number of search intervals My and Mz the 3 db beamwidth By and Bz each sub-array in elevation and azimuth dimensions contained; to two sub-arrays set comprising object information of a snapshot received data X1 and an X2; using the received data X1, the estimated target elevation is calculated virtual antenna elevated H1s and H2s; obtained height difference between the height H1 of the same frame virtual antenna elevated H1s and height between the height H2 of the same frame ΔH1 virtual antenna elevated H2s difference △ h2; vector wz1 wz2 configured and distributed planar array of sub-arrays formed in the two-dimensional beam elevation; and by the height difference △ h2 ΔH1 and target elevation estimate of wz1 wz2 and phase compensation to obtain the phase-compensated beam forming vector and and using the received data beamforming X1 and X2, and thus to obtain the target azimuth estimates.


Abstract Phenols and Phenolics are considered to be potentially hazardous water pollutants. Parachlorometaxylenol (PCMX) is the major component of several disinfectants, produced commercially by well-known pharmaceutical companies. Adsorption of PCMX in various combinations of adsorbents, both natural and artificial, has been studied. Specially, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart] Solms-Laubach) stems were used as adsorbent in combination with powdered activated carbon (PAC) and granular activated carbon (GAC). Five equilibrium isotherm models, namely, Tempkin Isotherm, Freundlich Isotherm, Langmuir Isotherm, Redlich-Peterson Isotherm and Toth Isotherm were studied and parameterized. The dynamics of fixed-bed adsorption columns for modeling is a demanding task due to the strong nonlinearities in the equilibrium isotherms, interference effects of the competition of solutes for adsorbent sites, mass transfer resistances between fluid phase and solid phase and fluid-dynamic dispersion phenomena. A ma...


The structure of a 1/1 pyrazine-iodine molecular complex has been determined at 203 K and that of a related complex, tetramethylpyrazine-iodine, at 203 and 294 K. Both structures consist of alternating linear chains of diazine and iodine molecules conected through an n-σ* donor-acceptor interaction.


The atomization and dispersion of fuel is a fundamental stage in any combustion process involving liquid fuels. Atomization quality and efficient coupling with the airflows plays a key role in determining the performance and pollutant emissions from such systems. This chapter introduces the basic concepts of liquid atomization, and provides an overview of the dependence of the relevant processes on the combustion system parameters and the liquid properties. The main implications of theory on the practical aspects of atomization are reviewed and discussed. A conceptual classification of atomizers used in combustion systems is also presented. Practical atomization techniques and devices are presented in relation to the most important applications for energy production and propulsion. Brief details are also provided of selected innovative atomization techniques, with particular emphasis on high-pressure combustion systems used in propulsion applications. Among the cited literature, books and reviews have been generally preferred as these already include selected bibliographies on specific topics, and represent a good starting point for more detailed studies.

Keywords:

Atomization;
liquid fuels;
sprays;
atomizers;
nozzles;
jets in crossflow;
high-energy ultrasonic injection;
diesel sprays;
spray technology


Viet Thanh Nguyen's The Refugees (2017) explores hardships and aspirations of non-Communist Vietnamese led between two contradicting geographical imaginations. This article draws upon Foucault's theories of "other spaces"—heterotopia, utopia and dystopia—to examine the socio-political constructs of space in the manufacturing and diffusion of desired knowledge(s) throughout the collection. It is argued that the particular arrangement of spaces together with the strategic monopolization of knowledge-producing practices throughout the stories produce the effects of regulatory and disciplinary power with the aim of naturalizing certain discursive-ideological policies. The analyses of selected stories unravel the ways in which the Communist Vietnam is ideologically signed as a heterotopia, or a rupture of a decent society. The study also reveals that such negative depictions of the country are in compliance with mainstream epistemic perspectives in the West that aim to maintain a similar discursive regime. Hence, it is concluded that the juxtaposition of two irreconcilable spaces—the heterotopic representation of Vietnam in relation to the utopianised picture of America—feeds into the contemporary discourse of war on terror by reflecting the Cold War register of anxiety about an insidious Communist threat. Keywords:  heterotopic spaces; Michel Foucault; communism; Vietnamese American literature; The Refugees


Varied cultural significance emerges from different definitions of teachers' roles.Ancient outstanding teachers,regarded as "scholars" with higher social status,was the representative of knowledge and authority.During the May Fourth Movement period,with the impact of scientific and democratic ideology,the teachers' roles were defined as "new instructors" by TAO Xingzhi,a famous Chinese educationist,which is totally different from the traditional teachers' roles as "scholars".While,since new period,the concept of "teachers are researchers" is widely accepted in the field of education.


A TFT array substrate, a manufacturing method thereof and a display device are provided to install a power line of a transparent conductive film type in a TFT array substrate, thereby realizing high transmittance. A transparent conductive film(11) is formed on a substrate(10). A gate electrode(13) is formed on the transparent conductive film. A gate insulating film(14) is formed on the gate electrode. A semiconductor layer(15) is formed on the gate insulating film. A source electrode and a drain electrode(16) are formed on the semiconductor layer. A protective film(17) is formed in the front side of the substrate including the source/drain electrodes.


Based on the RLS algorithm,a multi-element uniform linear antenna array algorithm is proposed by using DSP and distributed shared memory.The fundamental and some characteristics of the proposed algorithm are briefly discussed.And then aimed at the characteristic of TMS320C6416 digital signal processor and the convergence capability of RLS-based algorithm,the realization of this smart antenna algorithm and the optimization algorithm are discussed.Simulation shows that this algorithm meets the real-time requirements of 16 element uniform linear antenna array that 2048 point 8 bit 8 KHz sampling.


Growth parameters (standard length, weight, specific growth rate and daily we ight gain) of prawn Macrobrachium tenellum juveniles fed 40% crude protein isoproteic diets substituting fish m eal with soya bean meal at various levels (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) were evaluated for 45 days under laboratory conditions. Experimental diets were compared with a 100% fish meal based di et. Total survival was recorded for all the treatments at the end of the experiment. There were no significant differences (p � 0.05) for all the growth parameters among the dietary treatments. The initial mean weight (0.36 ± 0.10 g) increased almost three times (1.00 ± 0.13 g) after 45 days. The final specif ic growth fluctuated from 1.82% BW/d for the 60% soya bean meal inclusion diet, to 2.62% for the 100% fish meal diet. The mean final survival was 91.66%. Growth performance of M. tenellum juveniles was not affected by the dietary soya bean meal levels tested.


In the complex operational environments that prevail in many organizations, successful operations depend more on the ability to adapt to novel, emerging situations, rather than repeating a learned, proscribed task sequence. In these situations, the cognitive readiness of the individuals and teams involved is critical to insuring mission success. Our understanding of the factors underlying cognitive readiness, the interaction among those factors, and their impact on performance outcomes, however, is still developing. The current paper describes several recent research projects aimed at improving our understanding of cognitive readiness. It details the significant findings of these research efforts and suggests directions for future research needed to fully capitalize on the potential for cognitive readiness measures to predict performance.


A few reports have appeared concerning the synthesis of plastid lipids. Stumpf and James (17) and Stumpf et al. (18) found that both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids may be formed from acetate by chloroplast preparations. However, in some bluegreen algae, Bloch et al. (4) found that long-chain monounsaturates are synthesized by oxidative desaturation of corresponding saturates. Kates (9) suggested that C14 incorporation into the galactose moiety of galactolipids occurs by the conversion of glucose to UDP-glucose and by the subsequent formation of UDP-galactose. Apparently the galactolipids are rapidly labeled with C14 during photosynthesis with C14O_, whereas phosphatidyl glycerol is less rapidly labeled (3). Further, some details are known about the in vitro breakdown of plastid lipids or the presence of enzymic systems which cause the breakdown of plastid lipids (7, 16,21). However, few investigations have been concerned with the in vivo degradation of plastid lipids or with the lipids of senescent plastids. Two tissues in which plastid breakdown may occur were selected for this study. Mature leaves grown under a 20 hour per 24 hour photoperiod were placed in continuous darkness following which plastids were isolated. The plastids from ripening pepper fruits were also isolated. For comparison, the plastid lipids of leaves subjected to 3 different lengths of darkness and plastid lipids from pepper fruits at 3 stages of maturity were investigated.


This synthesis report summarizes the results from the project "Comparing National Initiatives in an International Fragmented Climate Regime" (CompNat) that was carried out 2010–2012. The project ai ...


The design considerations for a jlat panel controller in personal computers (PO) is described. There is an overview of alternative technologies with a comparison of their characteristics and performance. Deployment of frame rate control (FRC) to increase the minimal colors displayed by the panels to CRT-like color displays is described. Vertical compensation techniques used to display standard PC modes and inzages on available panel resolutions give the effect of changing horizontal scan fieqicency of a CRT nionitor. Response times of panels and acceptable video rates for panel rej-esh are considered. Memory bandwidth requirements for image update and the design options with dynaniic RAMS and video RAMS are compared. The author conrnients on trends in the personal computer industry.


In previous studies non-interactive visual simulations in learning tasks have improved learners' conceptual understanding of statistical principles. To explore the impact of interactive visual simulations on conceptual understanding of statistical principles, an online tutorial where students could either manipulate or only observe changes of statistical graphs was developed. Overall, the tutorial supports students in learning statistical concepts immediately after working with the tutorial and two weeks after. In addition, if students could manipulate the graphs on their own, they were faster. Implications and opportunities for further investigations of interactive simulations are discussed.


An arctic-alpine plant association.-Upon the "snow-flush," a substratum deposited on gentle slopes or flats by streamlets of snow water and composed of fine snow-dust material, there develops a characteristic association or succession of associations, recently described by SMITH.20 He indicates its occurrence on Ben Lawers and cites the work of others, notably that of SCHR6TER, Rt;BEL, and BROcKMANN-JEROScH, concerning its development upon the Alps. Pioneer algae are succeeded by a thick mat of the liverwort Anthelia juratzkana, which gives character and name to the association. Polytrichum sp. follows and is succeeded by Salix herbacea, Alchemilla, Gnaphalium, and other alpine plants, the floristic composition of the later stages varying in different localities.-GEO. D. FULLER.


The aim of this research is examining the effect of product quality, competitive price, brand image and brand consciousness on purchase decisions either partially or simultaneously. The population in this study were all women living in Jakarta, Bandung, and Surabaya who had purchased hijab products from various product lines. While the samples in this study were some women who lived in 3 metropolitan cities who had purchased hijab products from various product lines. The number of samples in this study consisted of 230 respondents. Purposive sampling technique were employed and the results of this study indicate that product quality, competitive price, brand image, and brand consciousness have a positive and significant effect on the purchase decision both partially and simultaneously. The implication of this study is recommend that marketers must be able to improve product quality because it has the biggest influence on purchasing decisions.


The entropy increase of a plate driven by an explosion is studied in one dimension. When the plate is placed next to the explosive, its entropy is increased as it receives kinetic energy from the explosion. Our calculated results show that by selecting plates of appropriate thickness and by separating the plate from the explosive by an empty space of the right length, it is possible to reduce the entropy increase without decreasing the kinetic energy of the plate


This study analyses microhabitat selection and spatial distribution in the Algerian
 Mouse, a typical small Mediterranean mammal that has been the subject of just a few habitat selection studies.
 Study on a microhabitat scale seems suitable for determining the influence of environmental changes
 on the trade-off between foraging and shelter. The microhabitat selection pattern was analysed in three
 different macrohabitats; a cereal crop, an olive grove and a dehesa (grazing woodland). Thirty Sherman
 traps were set up on four nights within each macrohabitat (120 trap-nights per macrohabitat) and variables
 relating to vertical and horizontal vegetation structure were measured. ANOVA was used to evaluate differences
 between capture points and those where no captures occurred, with respect to the most important
 environmental gradients, as defined by PCA axes with the original habitat variables. Predictive models of
 the presence of the Algerian mouse were constructed using the original variables for each macrohabitat by
 means of generalized linear models. The point spatial pattern was analysed by Ripley's K function. PCA
 axes for vegetation structure and food availability showed significant differences between capture points
 and no-capture points. Predictive models for each macrohabitat differed in their explicative variables. Variables
 that defined a more closed vegetation structure were more important in the cereal crop whereas food availability variables had an important role in olive groves. The small-scale spatial pattern was uniform and
 associated with the territorial behaviour of the species. At a higher spatial scale the pattern tends to randomness.
 The Algerian Mouse seems to have a broader niche in relation to vegetation structure than to food
 resources, and is capable of modifying its microhabitat selection patterns as a function of the macrohabitats
 in which it occurs


Prepared by the Task Committee on Double-Layer Grids of the Committee on Special Structures of the Structural Engineering Institute of ASCE.


Abstract : NASTRAN (NASA STRuctural ANalysis) is a large, comprehensive, nonproprietary, general purpose finite element computer code for structural analysis which was developed under NASA sponsorship and became available to the public in late 1970. Fifteenth Colloquium provides some comprehensive general papers on the application of finite element methods in engineering, comparisons with other approaches, unique applications, pre- and post-processing or auxiliary programs, and new methods of analysis with NASTRAN. Partial Contents: Addition of the AUTOSPC Feature NASTRAN; A New Approach to Finite Element Modeling, Analysis and Post-Processing; Experiences Running NASTRAN on the Microvax II Computer; Interactive Plotting of NASTRAN Data on Microcomputers; Computer Animation of Modal and Transient Vibrations; Bubble Vector in Automatic Merging.


Aerosol constituent yields have been reported from a wide range of electronic nicotine delivery systems. No comprehensive study has been published on the aerosol constituents generated from the JUUL system. Targeted analyses of 53 aerosol constituents from the four JUUL products currently on the US market (Virginia Tobacco and Menthol flavored e-liquids in both 5.0% and 3.0% nicotine concentration by weight) was performed using non-intense and intense puffing regimens. All measurements were conducted by an ISO 17025 accredited contract research organization. JUUL product aerosol constituents were compared to published values for the 3R4F research cigarette and IQOS Regular and Menthol heated tobacco products. Across the four JUUL products and two puffing regimes, only 10/53 analytes were quantifiable, including only two carbonyls (known propylene glycol or glycerol degradants). The remaining analytes were primary ingredients, nicotine degradants and water. Average analyte reductions (excluding primary ingredients and water) for all four JUUL system aerosols tested were greater than 98% lower than 3R4F mainstream smoke, and greater than 88% lower than IQOS aerosol. In summary, chemical characterization and evaluation of JUUL product aerosols demonstrates a significant reduction in toxicants when compared to mainstream cigarette smoke from 3R4F reference cigarettes or aerosols from IQOS-heated tobacco products.


This book provides an introduction to the nation's diverse antitrust and regulatory policies. Parzych introduces the laws which seek to preserve competition, followed by a review of judicial litigation and a review of the incidence of industrial concentration within different markets and the impact of recent merger activity. Contents: Part I: Regulation Within Private Markets; Introduction; Market Structures and Business Concentration; The Antitrust Laws and Enforcement; Statutes and Policies which Impede Competition; Mergers and Acquisitions; The Antitrust Laws and International Commerce; An Evaluation of Transportation; Regulation of Energy and Telecommunication Industries; Part II. The Social Regulatory Environment; Informational and Product Safety Regulations; Regulation of Employment and the Workplace; Regulation of the Financial Sector; Summary Conclusions; Index.


Abstract While inherited models of industrial development and the role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the developmental process associate urbanization and rising industrial output with the industrialization of employment, suggesting that the structural shift to a service-based job market is a sign of developmental "maturity," such models fail to explain the secular tendency toward "premature deindustrialization" that has become increasingly evident in poor countries worldwide. These models cannot account for the deep bifurcations between output and employment, formality and informality, and industrialization and urbanization observable on the ground in the world's fastest growing cities. Meanwhile, the alternative models of critical development theorists tend to focus on failures of industrial takeoff and classic relations of dependency, none of which adequately account for the phenomenon being observed today. This paper explores an alternate explanation for premature deindustrialization, drawing from Marxian theories of technical change and the secular tendencies of capitalist development. The argument is illustrated with examples taken from the author's field work in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and the Pearl River Delta in China. Ultimately, the phenomenon of premature deindustrialization suggests that the great circle of development may collapse under its own contradictions before industrialization circumnavigates the globe.


Free and conjugated indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were measured by quantitative gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring-mass spectrometry in the extraxylary region of the stem of large Pinus sylvestris (L.) trees during the annual cycle of cambial activity and dormancy. The extraxylary region at the stem top and bottom was divided into 3 and 4 fractions, respectively, for the free IAA measurements, while the entire extraxylary region was extracted when the IAA-conjugates were analyzed. The effect on the distribution pattern of expressing IAA level as a concentration (per gram fresh weight or dry weight) and as total amount (per square centimeter) was examined. The IAA level was much higher in the cambial region than in the fractions that contained the nonfunctional phloem and the periderm. The largest IAA concentration occurred in the fraction that included the cambium, whereas the total amount of IAA was greatest in the phloem-containing fraction. The significance of the nonuniform radial distribution of IAA for estimating the IAA concentration in the cambial region is discussed in relation to how the cambial region is sampled. A slight longitudinal gradient in IAA concentration, decreasing from the top to the bottom of the stem, was observed


Perilipin‐1 surrounds lipid droplets in both adipocytes and in atheroma plaque foam cells and controls access of lipases to the lipid core. In hemodialysis (HD) patients, dyslipidemia, malnutrition, inflammation and atherosclerosis are common. Thirty‐six HD patients and 28 healthy volunteers were enrolled into the study. Ten HD patients suffered from coronary heart disease (CHD). Perilipin‐1, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), body mass index, albumin, geriatric nutritional risk index, normalized protein catabolic rate, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were measured. Perilipin‐1 did not differ between HD patients and healthy volunteers. IL‐6 and TNF‐α were higher in HD patients. The evaluated nutritional markers and the markers of inflammation did not differ between HD patients with high perilipin‐1 levels and HD patients with low perilipin‐1 levels. Regarding the lipid profile, only HDL‐C differed between HD patients with high perilipin‐1 levels and HD patients with low perilipin‐1 levels, and it was higher in the first subgroup. Perilipin‐1 was significantly higher in HD patients without CHD. Perilipin‐1 is detectable in the serum of HD patients and it is associated with increased HDL‐C and decreased incidence of CHD.


Synthesis of topological molecular nanocarbons, such as hoop-like [n]cycloparaphenylenes, requires the use of spatially prearranged, masked aromatic units to overcome a build-up of large molecular strain in their curved structures. The used cyclohexadienyl units, however, contain tertiary alcohols that need protection to prevent side-reactions until the aromatization step that affords the final curved hydrocarbon. Although alkyl and triethylsilyl groups have been successfully applied as the protecting groups for this purpose, each suffers from specific drawbacks. Here, we explore the potential of sterically more crowded silyl groups, namely, tert-butyldimethylsilyl and triisopropylsilyl, to be used as alternatives to the established protection strategies. We show that tert-butyldimethylsilyl can be easily installed and deprotected under mild conditions displaying markedly higher resistance towards acids or bases than the triethylsilyl group used to this date. Unlike in the case of the alkyl groups, tert-butyldimethylsilyl also preserves a high stereoselectivity of the nucleophilic additions of ArLi. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both tert-butyldimethylsilyl and triethylsilyl groups can be installed on the same substrate and the latter be selectively deprotected. Thus, the high stereoselectivity, improved stability, and easy deprotection make tert-butyldimethylsilyl an excellent protecting group for the synthesis of carbon nanohoops.


A method for the determination of solvent residue of acetone in pancreatin was established using gas chromatography.The solvent used in the determination was DMF,the column used was DB-WAX(30 m×0.53 mm×1 μm),the carrier gas used was nitrogen,the injector temperature was 200 ℃,the detector temperature was300 ℃,and the column temperature was programmed in the determination process.Gas chromatography tested acetone and quantitatively analyzed by external standard method.Gas chromatography detection limit(3S/D) found for the determination of acetone was 0.05 μg/mL and values of recovery found by standard addition method were in the range from 92.5%~98.0%.


Cornel West observes that it is fundamentally depressing to confront the degree to which race still matters in U.S. society. Although the civil rights movement of the 1960s secured important and lasting victories, people from different races still confront starkly unequal access to housing and health care, to education and employment. Biologists and anthropologists now agree that dividing humanity into different races is fabricated and fraudulent; racial categories are scientific fictions. Yet scientific fictions often become social facts with deadly consequences. Malcolm X used to say that racism was like a Cadillac they make a new model every year. Just as it is impossible to fix a 1990s Cadillac with a 1960s owner's manual, we will not address the racism of the 1990s and beyond with a 1960s philosophy and approach. Our challenge is to develop an anti-racist vision appropriate to our own time, to the challenges presented to us by the injustices inscribed in our everyday lives through racial inequality. A broad range of private prejudices and public policies keep racism alive and functioning in our society, not so much through the direct, snarling, and referential racism of avowedly white supremacist groups like the Ku Klux Klan, but more through the indirect, institutional, and inferential racism encoded within what I call the possessive investment in whiteness. In my view, the possessive investment in whiteness creates the racialized hierarchies of our society. It determines which families receive home loans and which families remain renters, whose children attend well-funded schools and whose children go to the overcrowded and underfunded institutions with inexperienced teachers and inadequate equipment that tend to be found in non-white neighborhoods. The possessive investment in whiteness determines which people breathe polluted air, ingest lead in their blood streams, or eat fish poisoned by mercury. It determines who can rely on inside information and personal networks to secure one of the 85 percent of all available jobs in the U.S. that never appear in the 'help wanted' section of the newspaper, and influences the racial make-up of the unemployed and under-employed population. It helps shape the tax code in such a way as to give favored treatment to precisely the kinds of income that


In this section, we further investigate the performance of ASNA compared to other methods on different types of distortions. There are different types of distortions in the PIPAL dataset, including "PSNR-oriented SR" , "Denoising", "Traditional SR", "SR with kernel mismatch" , "GAN-based SR", "SR and Denoising Joint Problem" and "Traditional Distortions". The results are shown in Figure 1. We have also added the performance for all of the distortions in the figure. As illustrated, ASNA outperforms other metrics in all of the distortion types. This demonstrates the generalization capability of our proposed method.


Effects of swelling during saturation in triaxial tests on compressible Chicago glacial clays are assessed from results of triaxial compression tests on block samples cut from excavations, thin-wall Shelby tube samples, and reconstituted specimens. The results are presented in terms of the stress-strain response during saturation, k 0 reconsolidation and shearing. Bender element tests were also performed to investigate the effects of swelling on the shear wave velocities during k 0 reconsolidation. Results showed that the swelling during saturation lowered the shear wave velocity, thereby inferring a change in the original structure of natural clay. Responses at strains less than 0.01 % were most affected by the saturation-induced swelling. To minimize these changes, it is recommended that the measured residual stress is applied prior to saturating the soil. Based on these results, the saturation stage should be considered as much a part of a triaxial test as consolidation and shearing.


The present invention relates to a rotor weight condition analyzer for an air preheater. The rotor weight condition analyzer comprises: a rotor having an element and an element cage for receiving the element; a rotating part for supporting the rotor to be rotated; sector dividing sensors circumferentially coupled to the rotor at regular angles to divide the rotor into multiple sectors; a proximity sensor separated from the rotor to detect the sector dividing sensors when the rotor rotates; and a control part for detecting the rotation speed of the sectors based on the measured time of the sectors detected by the proximity sensor and analyzing the weight condition of the sectors through the rotation speed.


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Cooperation among employees is one of the main determinants of a successful business because people are the main protagonists of cooperative management. Therefore, organizations have to give more attention to establish a cooperative management. This study examines the impact of people in cooperation on cooperative management. The research also included recommendations for organization managers, as well as a theoretical basis of cooperative management and people in cooperation, based on a management model developed by Mondragon Cooperation. The SMART PLS3 was used to analyze data collected through the distribution of questioners to employees and academic staff at two private universities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Researchers believe that the presence of integral development and cooperative leadership helps in the implementation of cooperative management by the staff. However, organizations are recommended to strengthening the power of staff and allowing them to practice the role of managing, as well as, being authorized at a certain level in order to increase cooperative conduct between employees and management in terms of organizational management concerns.


The dynamic development of geotechnical works market, driven especially by infrastructural investments (roads, bridges, networks), issues a number of challenges to people in charge of supervising construction works, including pile works, associated with the appropriate quality control. Wide availability of exploratory techniques is not, unfortunately, matched by the level of engineers' knowledge on the limitations of particular methods. As far as quality control of foundation piles is concerned, there are no official guidelines or standards which would regulate, or at least facilitate, the selection of a suitable exploratory technique. Another extensive issue is pile load capacity control (static load tests) carried out in line with the Polish Code of Practice PN-83/B-02482 [1-3, 7]. It may also be observed that dynamic tests connected with generating forces or tensions in the pile head and shaft (PDA, CASE, CAPWAP) become more and more widely applied. Such tests make it possible (next to the load capacity assessment) to analyze the recorded signal in order to assess the length and continuity of a pile. Standard control of foundation piles is, however, limited to the investigation of their minor proportion (about 1% of the pieces installed at the construction site) and refers to their capacity of transferring loads to the subsoil. Only sporadically does engineering practice employ ultrasound methods of pile continuity and length control (e.g. SIT sonic integrity test or PIT pile integrity test, Fig. 1) [10]. The suitable equipment is at the disposal of contractors and only a few academic centers, including Wrocław Technical University.


Even when users are moving, a major problem in such a mobile networks is how to locate mobile clients. Two major operations are involved in managing a mobile client`s location : the location registration operation and the call tracking operation. The past methods can only minimize the cost of one of these two operations, but not both. The contribution of this paper is to propose strategy that minimize the costs of both operations simultaneously. Our performance analysis proves that the proposed strategies are superior to the past methods.


Short bowel syndrome is defined as "reduction of functioning gut mass below the minimum amount necessary for adequate water and electrolyte absorption and adequate digestion and absorption of nutrients". This may occur when there is less than 200cm of functional gut remaining. Most digestion and absorption occurs in the first 150 cm. Vitamin B12 and bile salts are absorbed in the distal ileum. The distal ileum provides a brake, through the effects of Peptide YY (PYY), and the ileocecal valve. PYY inhibits vagally stimulated gastric acid secretion, and gastric and intestinal motility. Following small bowel resection, gastric hypersecretion occurs, and proton pump inhibitor therapy is therefore required in the early management of patients. Glucagon-like peptide 2 stimulates gut hyperplasia, and increases the absorptive capacity of the residual small bowel. The amino acid glutamine is also thought to enhance intestinal adaption. The presence of the colon is associated with increased PYY levels, providing a "colonic brake". Colonic bacteria produce short chain fatty acids from non-absorbed complex carbohydrates, which contributes significantly to nutrient and fluid balances Problems of fluid and electrolyte balance generally occur when there is less than 120cm small bowel remaining. Less than 50cm of small bowel (with an intact colon), and less than 100 cm without a colon invariably necessitates long-term parenteral nutrition. Management of SBS involves use of antidiarrheal agents (loperamide, tincture of opium), to reduce diarrhea, and increase "dwell" time for absorption. In patients with an intact colon, dietary maneuvers include use of a high complex carbohydrate (60%), and a low fat diet. Patients should also be on a low oxalate diet to prevent the occurrence of oxalate stones. In patients without a colon, a high fat diet is generally implemented. Teduglutide, a GLP-2 analog has recently been shown to significantly improve intestinal absorption, with a deceased requirement for TPN. Surgical options include segmental reversal of the small bowel (Biachi procedure), and serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP procedure). Small bowel transplant is considered in patients who have developed life-threatening complications of short bowel syndrome and TPN therapy.


Semiconductor refrigeration sheet is widely used in various fields, and in practical application, it is mostly in the form of combined semiconductor refrigeration sheet.The performance of the combined semiconductor refrigeration sheet depends on the consistency of the electrochemical characteristics of the single semiconductor refrigeration sheet in the combined semiconductor refrigeration sheet. Therefore, it is necessary to test and sort the performance of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet before it leaves the factory.Visual inspection is to use machine instead of human eye to measure and judge.Visual detection refers to converting the target to image signal through machine vision products (i.e. image capturing device, which is divided into CMOS and CCD) and transmitting it to a special image processing system. According to the pixel distribution, brightness, color and other information, it is transformed into digital signal. The image system performs various operations on these signals to extract the characteristics of the target, and then according to the results of discrimination.To control the equipment movement on site.It is a valuable mechanism for production, assembly or packaging.It has inestimable value in detecting defects and preventing defective products from being distributed to consumers.In this paper, a semiconductor detection system based on machine vision is designed to detect and sort the semiconductor refrigeration sheets.


ABSTRACT Michael Haneke's 2005 film Caché (Hidden) reversed a racialised gaze: the white French bourgeoisie are watched by an unknown source. The protagonist Georges presumes, although never proves, that this source is Majid, a character with, presumably, Algerian descent. The author traces what amounts to a racist presumption by Georges back to his childhood in order to show that French colonisation created circuits of psychological violence from which Algerians have no escape, even in contemporary France. Caché therefore makes visible the mechanisms which continue to oppress as well as to enact (post)-colonial violence – psychological and physical – upon Algerians in France. Furthermore, scholars of Caché have criticised the disproportionately low representation of Majid but largely refrained from analysis of Majid's scenes. This article seeks to expand that scholarship and analyse the access which we are granted into Majid's world. The author highlights that the psychological violence which Majid endures stems principally from an historical surveillance of Algerians in French society. She ultimately argues that, while the French are made visible in this film, Majid, and by extension, Algerian immigrants, are made even more so; in other words, Haneke reveals a 'regard caché/hidden gaze' on what is in contemporary France a hyper-visible Algerian population.


This article reveals the process of becoming a "smart city" based on the materials of Barcelona. The socio-political aspects of the use of "smart city" technologies in the information and communication era are revealed.The authors use of the system method made it possible to study the technologies of the "smart city" in aggregate, and the use of the comparative method made it possible to establish the specifics of the development of Barcelona during the tenure of Mayor Xavier Trias and Ada Colau. The authors draw attention to the reasons for the recognition of the capital of Catalonia as the most high-tech city in the world in 2015. It is emphasized that Barcelona has made a rapid breakthrough in a relatively short period of time, turning into a post-industrial city. It is noted that the driver of Barcelona's transformation was the holding of the XXV Summer Olympic Games in 1992, which essentially changed the appearance of the city.The authors point to the additional opportunities in city management that the information and communication revolution led to and the speed of the Internet penetration rate. It is emphasized that information and communication technologies led to the transformation of a rigidly vertical bureaucratic system of exercising power and set the vector of its transition to a horizontal (network model) based on the effects of high technologies.It is noted that the modern model of exercising power in Barcelona presupposes the active involvement of citizens in the processes of city management, based on the use of technological platforms that simplify coworking processes.As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that the contemporary paradigm of the "smart city" involves the involvement of citizens as active participants in decisionmaking and planning. Attention is focused on the formation of two models of urban governance in Barcelona, differing in the dynamics of the exercise of power and the prevalence of tendencies from "top to bottom" (mayors of the city of K. Trias) and from "bottom to top" (mayor of the city A. Colau). The authors emphasize that modern Barcelona is not only a flagship of technological development, but also a city with democratic traditions and a high level of humancentered orientation.


Surgeons and robots typically use different approaches for bone milling. Surgeons adjust their speed and tool incidence angle constantly, which enables them to efficiently mill porous bone. Surgeons also adjust milling parameters such as speed and depth of cut throughout the procedure based on proximity to sensitive structures like nerves and blood vessels. In this paper we use image-based bone density estimates and segmentations of vital anatomy to make a robot mill more like a surgeon and less like an industrial computer numeric controlled (CNC) milling machine. We produce patient-specific plans optimizing velocity and incidence angles for spherical cutting burrs. These plans are particularly useful in bones of variable density and porosity like the human temporal bone. They result in fast milling in non-critical areas, reducing overall procedure time, and lower forces near vital anatomy. We experimentally demonstrate the algorithm on temporal bone phantoms and show that it reduces mean forces near vital anatomy by 63% and peak forces by 50% in comparison to a CNC-type path, without adding time to the procedure.


Background  Autoantibodies against various endogenous proteins are found in myocarditis. Troponin autoantibodies are detected in patients with chronic dilated cardiomyopathy, but their presence in myocarditis remains unknown. We set out to study the presence of troponin autoantibodies in experimental viral myocarditis.