This paper present a fuzzy control strategy of high speed permanent magnet synchronous motor for precision grinder.According to fuzzy rules,the fuzzy controller can regulate control output by speed error and error change.Fuzzy control strategy specially fit to this nonlinear system.The output of controller is achieved by a fuzzy control table.And high-speed response for fuzzy control system is guaranteed.The system robustness is strikingly improved.Feasibility of the design method is verified by virtue of computer simulation.


Abstract AIM: To measure the efficacy of two macrocyclic lactone-levamisole-benzimidazole combination drenches against naturally-acquired abomasal nematode infections on a sheep farm in the North Island, New Zealand. METHODS: Eighteen lambs carrying naturally-acquired worm burdens were removed from pasture and randomly allocated to one of three equal-sized groups, consisting of an untreated control group and two treatment groups. One treatment group was given a single oral dose of a triple-combination anthelmintic administered at the manufacturer's recommended dose rate of 0.2 mg/kg ivermectin, 7.5 mg/kg levamisole and 5.0 mg/kg albendazole. The other treatment group received a similar dose of another triple-combination drench consisting of 0.2 mg/kg abamectin, 8.0 mg/kg levamisole and 4.5 mg/kg oxfendazole. Worm counts were carried out post mortem on the abomasa of all animals in all groups, 10 days after treatment. RESULTS: While the abamectin-levamisole-oxfendazole combination was highly effective against all three abomasal nematode species present, the ivermectin-levamisole-albendazole combination was not. In the latter instance, a reduction of only 78% was achieved against infections of Ostertagia (=Teladorsagia) circumcincta. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide evidence of resistance to an ivermectin-levamisole-albendazole combination drench by O. circumcincta. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Besides representing the first confirmed report of resistance to a combination drench consisting of three broad-spectrum anthelmintics, the present results provide further evidence of the continuing escalation of multiple anthelmintic resistance in sheep nematodes in New Zealand.


The aim of the paper is to present preliminary results of
survey collected in the years 2008/09 among Czech companies. To
sheds more light on management perception of reverse logistics,
we compared these findings with results of similar survey
conducted in 2004. The main result is that position of reverse
logistics in the Czech companies has improved. Even though
their view is polarized: half of them see reverse flow to be a
necessary evil without any benefits, the other half companies
apply more progressive measure to capture the benefits of
reverse flows. What is also new is that the majority of
companies keep track of reverse logistics cost. This is a
significant change.


Three-dimensional electromagnetic modeling algorithm in homogeneous half-space was developed using the extended Born approximation to an electric field integral equation. To examine the performance of the extended Born approximation algorithm, the results were compared with those of the full integral equation results. For a crosshole source-receiver configuration, the agreement between the integral equation and the extended Born approximation was remarkable when the source frequency is lower than 20 kHz and conductivity contrast lower than 1:10. Beyond this conductivity contrast, the simulated results by the extended Born approximation exhibit a difference with respect to those by the integral equation. Therefore, the limit of accuracy lies below contrast of 1:10 in the extended Born approximation. Since for the source frequency range from 20 kHz to 100 kHz, however, the difference is relatively small, the extended Born approximation could be used for a reasonable 3-D EM modeling algorithm.


Almost all outburst coal is known to have been tectonically deformed in fault and fold zones which underwent one or more episodes of strong structural deformation. The physical properties of outburst coal such as crushing strength and rate of gas desorption have been studied in the past. However, it can be difficult to reliably determine these physical coefficients from core sampling operations because the coal can be inadvertently pulverized during drilling. The development of a new index to predict the outburst potential of coal seams, and which is not influenced by sampling procedures, could be beneficial to mining safety technology. Tectonic stress may not only affect the original physical structure of outburst coal but also may bring about changes in its chemical properties. The most important aspect of these tectonically influenced chemical properties is that they not only predict the possibility of a coal outburst, but also are stable and independent of the physical changes imposed by drilling. Most of the chemical characteristics of coal display no obvious difference between normal undeformed coal (which is not subject to outbursts) and outburst coal. However, recent studies have shown that the chloroform extract yield is a very good index for differentiating thesemore » coals. Nineteen coal samples from five mines experiencing outbursts in the Pingdingshan coalfield, Henan, China, were analyzed. Their mean-maximum vitrinite reflectance in oil ranges from 0.97 to 1.28% and the mean random reflectance from 0.89 to 1.20%. The ash yield is between 3.18 and 7.47%. All samples were prepared to minus 180 m ({minus}80 mesh US); 30 g of each sample was extracted with chloroform in a Soxhlet apparatus for 72 h at 75 C. The mean extract yield of outburst coal is 1.45% (10 samples; range 0.58 to 2.11%) whereas that of the normal coal is 0.42% (9 samples; range 0.27 to 0.75%). The authors conclude that outburst coal has a higher chloroform extract yield than equivalent coal which has not been tectonically disturbed. The results presented here also suggest a reason why outburst coals tend to have higher gas contents than the same coals which are tectonically undeformed. The chloroform extract yield is an accepted measure of the hydrocarbon-generating potential of coals and other organic rocks. It appears that tectonic stress may modify the hydrocarbon generating potential of coals, generating more gas in comparison to equivalent normal coal. At the same time that the tectonic stress destroyed the physical integrity of outburst coal, it enhanced its gas content; the physical and chemical changes accompanied each other. These observations suggest that strongly deformed coalfields may be among the preferred areas to explore for coalbed methane resources.« less


ryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia lamblia cysts are commonly detected in surface water samples. For instance, Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 97 percent of 66 raw water samples from 14 states in the United States and one Canadian province (Alberta).1 High densities of protozoa were correlated with waters receiving sewage effluents. Nevertheless, sewage treatment by activated sludge generally reduces concentrations of oocysts by one or two orders of magnitude.2 Cryptosporidium oocysts may be ubiquitous in aquatic environments.3 In a survey in the United States, Rose detected Cryptosporidium oocysts in 91 percent of the sewage samples, and 77 and 75 percent of river and Concentrations of Cryptosporidium oocysts, Giardia cysts, fecal and total coliforms, fecal streptococci, Aeromonas sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium perfringens, algae, and coliphages were measured in each of 51 raw water samples from rivers in the Ottawa (Canada) region over three months. This study also examined correlations between the protozoa concentrations and current or potential indicators of water quality in raw surface water. The article also reports the concentrations of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia lamblia cysts in two water treatment plants and in one wastewater plant. Significant correlations between fecal streptococci and Cryptosporidium oocysts and between Giardia and both somatic coliphages and algae were observed in raw surface water samples, but the relationships appear to be watersheddependent. No significant correlation was obtained between the presence of the protozoa and that of Clostridium perfringens or any of the other indicators.


Object detection is an emerging and essential problem in recent years, which has been widely applied in many aspects of daily life such as video surveillance, self-driving robots, and automatic payment. The rapid development of deep learning models allows object detectors to work in real-time with high accuracy. However, such a sophisticated model often requires robust computing infrastructure such as powerful graphics processing units (GPUs). This requirement might cause a severe issue for embedded systems with small, power-efficient artificial intelligence (AI) systems like Jetson Nano, which are often restricted in both memory storage and computing sheer power. In this work, we aim to address this challenge by proposing a lightweight object detection framework that is specialized for the Internet of Things (IoT) devices with low-power processors such as Jetson Nano. In order to detect the object with different size, our framework employs a backbone residual CNN-based network as the feature extractor. We then design a multi-layer model to combine the feature at different levels of granularity, before using the processed feature to locate and classify the object. We also apply augmentation techniques to enhance the robustness of the framework to adversarial factors. Extensive experiments on real devices in many scenarios, such as autonomous cars or wireless robot recharging systems, showed that our technique can achieve nearly on par results with the state-of-the-art YOLOv5 while requires only one-fourth of computation power.


The adsorption of methanol and formaldehyde was studied on clean p-Si(111) in an ultrahigh-vacuum chamber equiped with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). Methoxy species (-OCH 3 ) were formed as evidenced by C 1s and O 1s core levels of 287.0 and 532.8 eV, respectively, and features in the UP spectra at 4.3 and 9.0 eV with a shoulder at around 10 eV below the Fermi level. The methoxy species changed gradually during UPS measurements at 298 K resulting in a new species characterized by a broad UPS spectra centered at 7 eV. The C 1 s binding energy (BE) value of the remaining species shifted to 284,6 eV, whereas the peak area of C 1s and O 1s did not change appreciably


Over the past twenty years, claimsmakers have asserted that the mid-1960s marked the beginning of an unprecedented and ever-growing mass murder wave in the United States. Recent research has shown, however, that mass murder was just as common during the 1920s and 30s as it has been since the mid-1960s. Using the FBI's Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR) and newspaper, network television news, and newsweekly magazine coverage as sources of data, this study examines why and how mass murder was constructed as a new crime problem. I suggest that the news media have figured prominently in the social construction of mass murder by heavily influencing which cases claimsmakers have selected as landmark narratives and, more generally, as typifying examples. Because claimsmakers have relied almost exclusively on national news coverage as a source of data, they have made a number of questionable claims about the prevalence and nature of mass murder since the high-profile cases represent the most sensational and least representative mass killings. And the news media have completed the circle of distortion by disseminating the bulk of the claims that have been made, leading to policies that have targeted the rarest aspects about mass murder. But not all of the solutions offered by claimsmakers have been accepted by policymakers. As a result, this study also looks at why claimsmakers tasted only modest success in constructing mass murder.


It is proposed to test and statistically evaluate the per formance of an on-easel color analyzer built by the authors. It is discovered during the testing program that the device is non functional, and the testing program is re-directed toward finding the causes of the instrument mal-function. It is concluded that the particular characteristics of the cadmium sulfide cell employed, and the electronics of the device, introduce non-linearities which * make readings non-repeatable. It is nevertheless felt that the concepts involved in the device, and in the testing program as originally envisioned, are sound, and that further development of the device would produce a useful color printing tool. OBJECTIVE To test an on-easel color analyzer, of unique and original design and to compare it with one commercially available. INTRODUCTION Proper exposure and proper color-compensating filtration are two of the controls required to make a satisfactory color print. Color printing therefore requires some means of determining optimum exposure and filtration. Trial-and-error techniques are impractical both in terms of time and expense. There exists, therefore, a need for some means to predict exposure and filtration. Several commercial types of on-easel and off-easel devices have been marketed. * They operate by comparing the tri-color densities of the production negative to those of a master negative. It was our proposal that it was possible to build an on-easel color analyzer at a cost lower than that of present commercial units. This would enable the non-professional photographer to own a color analyzer for under $100. The heart of the on-easel color analyzer which we built and tested was a cadmium sulfide cell, rather than a photo-electron tube. As in the Welch Densichron model 20 easel photometer, the commercially available unit which we used as a standard, a set of potentiometers was used to enter white-light and tri-color density values. A bridge circuit containing the potentiometers was used to compare the flow of current through the cell with the current flow through a fixed resistor. Two transistors were used to detect the current flow across the bridge and amplify it sufficiently to activate a micro-ammeter. Our device was a null Instrument and in operation was similar to the Densichron-20. A properly filtered master negative was used to set the potentiometers. TEhe master negative and filters were then removed and the production negative was placed in the enlarger. CC (color compensating) filters were introduced into the optical system of the enlarger until the meter returned to the zero scale marking, as it had when the master negative was In the system. TThe main difference between the two systems was in the nature of the probe. The cadmium sulfide cell had a greater signal output and therefore required less amplification. This resulted in greater design simplicity and reduced costs. ORIGINAL TESTING PROCEDURE When construction was completed, a few preliminary tests were conducted. The device was placed on the easel of a Chromega enlarger and the meter was zeroed for all four potentiometers. The filter wheels of the Chromega were adjusted and it was noted that a 5 CC change in filtration produced a noticeable shift of the meter pointer. On the basis of these brief practical tests it was decided that the meter was workable and a more exhaustive test procedure was developed. The testing program was to be divided into two parts. First would have been a series of tests to determine the operating character istics of the device. Second would have been a series of tests to determine its ability to predict filtrations for the satisfactory printing of unknown negatives. The ability of this device to predict corrective filtrations was to have been compared with the Densichron-20. It was also to be determined if the sensitivity of the device changed at different levels of illumination. That is, was the minimal detectable filtration change a constant throughout a range of image brightnesses. If the sensitivity did change, illumination was to be adjusted during meter operation to the ootimum level determined by this testing. When this testing was completed it was planned that the unit would undergo further tests to determine both its ability to produce satisfactory prints and for Its repeatability as compared with the Densichron-20. The testing procedure was to be identical for both systems. First, a master negative containing an 1&% reflectance gray card was to be prepared. The filtration necessary to produce a satisfactory print would be determined by trial-and-error. Since all measurements would be relative, and the exact filtration of the master negative would not be critical to the experiment, a satisfactory print was to be defined as one which was "pleasing" in color. A filter pack with the same tri-color densities as the gray patch area of the master negative was to be prepared using cyan, magenta, and yellow filters. This filter pack would be substituted for the master negative in the enlarger negative carrier, and would serve as a negative analog. The CC filters which had been used to balance the master negative would remain in the system. The instrument to be tested would be placed on the easel and the potentiometers would be adjusted to bring the meter to zero. Test procedure would be to modify the negative analog by adding or subtracting density. For example, if 20M were subtracted from the negative analog, magenta filtration would be added to the printing filters until the meter returned to zero. Since the filters were both of the same dye composition and might in fact be the same filters, the unwanted absorptions and spectral absorption curve characteristics would be a constant in the system. Since the densities of the negative analog would be known, as well as the densities of the changes, the error could be calculated between the filtration recommeneded by the instrument and that filtration computed. The test procedure was to be repeated by doing a new "ring-around" using another negative analog which was to be based upon a flesh tone In another master negative. This would demonstrate the ability of the system to predict corrections in the two areas normally used as references in the printing of color negatives. The system would then be used to determine the proper filtration for unknown negatives containing either a gray card or fleshtone reference area. Prints will be made based on the prediction of the instrument. Through replication, the repeatability of the two systems could be determined. The average values of each system, when compared with the calculated filtration change, would provide a measure of the accuracy of each system. PRELIMINARY RESULTS This had been our plan. A master negative containing a gray card area was prepared on 120 Kodacolor film. Through trial-and-error a satisfactory print was obtained. The filtration required was noted. Tri-color densities of the master negative gray patch were measured on the Macbeth TD 102 Densitometer and the densities were recorded. Cyan, magenta, and yellow Kodak CP filters were stacked until the pile had the same, or nearly the same, red, green and blue densities as the negative. The values of the filters ih this pack were selected so that the total cyan, magenta, and yellow filtration could be varied, plus or minus I4.0 CC by substituting filters, without changing the number of filters in the pack. This eliminated intersurface reflection problems by keeping the number of surfaces constant. Changes in the density of the negative analog was accomplished by substituting a filter of greater or lesser density for one already in the pack. It had been planned to maintain the same number of surfaces in the printing filters too, but to maintain the same number of surfaces in a pack having a range of plus and minus 80 CC (allowing for over shoots in predicting filtration) required a horrendous number of filters. It was decided to use instead the filters in the Chromega color head and calibrate them at a later date against the CP filters in the negative analog. The treatment combinations of the experiment, as detailed in the Appendix, were arranged in random order. The Densichron-20 and our device were zeroed on the negative analog with 60 magenta and 60 yellow filtration in the Chromega system. The negative analog was removed and Its magenta density was increased [j.0 CC by removing 2 20M filters and replacing them with 2 1+.0M filters. The instrument should have predicted a new Chromega filtration of approximately 20 magenta and 60 yellow. Approximatelybecause there would not be a 1 to 1 correlation of CP filters in the negative analog to the CC filters in the Chromega filter head. The instrument predicted 10M and 1157T instead of the calculated 20M and 60Y. The Densichron-20 was within 5 CC of the calculated values of both magenta and yellow. Our instrument was re -zeroed on the master negative analog and the experiment was repeated. Again our device predicted 10M and 115Y instead of 20M and 60Y. At this point it was decided that something was seriously wrong, and our testing was revised and redirected toward finding the cause of this serious malfunction. MODIFIED TESTING PROCEDURE AND RESULTS It was decided to reduce the 30 treatment combinations to 6, a "ring-around" at the 20 CC level. This, it was felt, would quickly give us an insight into the cause of the malfunction. This test series revealed that the instrument was not functioning at all as expected. It was not predicting the correct filtration and was not even replicating its own predictions. The data of this ringaround, and its replicate, can be found in the Appendix. It was decided to plot the meter response"against CC changes in the Chromega filter head. Yellow was chosen first. The graph showed an S curve, indicating that the probe saw first an increase, then a decrease, and then another Increase i


Recent studies on Ba 2 CoO 4 (BCO) and SrRuO 3 (SRO) have unveiled a variety of intriguing phenomena, such as magnetic polarization on oxygens, unexpected nodes in the spin density profile along bonds, and unusual zigzag spin patterns in triangular lattices. Here, using simple model calculations supplemented by density functional theory we explain the presence of nodes based on the antibonding character of the dominant singly occupied molecular orbitals along the transition metal (TM) to oxygen bonds. Our simple model also allows us to explain the net polarization on oxygen as originated from the hybridization between atoms and mobility of the electrons with spins opposite to those of the closest TM atoms. Our results are not limited to BCO and SRO, but they are generic and qualitatively predict the net polarization expected on any ligands, according to the spin order of the closest TM atoms and the number of intermediate ligand atoms. Finally, we propose that a robust easy-axis anisotropy would suppress the competing 120 ◦ antiferromagnetic order to stabilize the zigzag pattern order as ground state in a triangular lattice. Our generic predictions should be applicable to any other compound with characteristics similar to those of BCO and SRO.


We studied the growth of Haloxylon ammodendron seedlings to reveal their growth traits and adaptabilities in the southern edge of Gurbantunggut Desert. The the seedlings grew well from early spring when the soil water content was high. With the consumption of soil moisture,the above- and below-ground part of the plant began to fall off,and then both parts recovered growing in August. Seedling mortality showed a downward trend in the whole growth period. H. ammodendron seedling could occupy more resource through rapid growth because of the high mortality rate. The falling of the assimilating branches during the drought period could maintain balance between water supply deficit and water consume of the assimilating organs. This morphological adjustment reduced seedling mortality effectively. Also,the fact that more photosynthate was assigned toward root could ensure seedling survival and recover growth quickly at proper water conditions.


Explains how a leading global law firm manages its market and client research. Outlines the firm's divisions, business activities and client base. Explains in detail how the firm uses business research, covering use of market intelligence on the business issues that an individual client faces, and the gathering of intelligence about the client, to disclose the nature and extent of the firm's ambitions to advise the organization concerned. Discusses the staffing of a law firm's business research capability, pointing out that not only staff expertise but also confidentiality concerns mean that it is not always efficient for lawyers to access internal and external information sources directly. Suggests that defining the minimum business research necessary improves the usefulness of the information delivered and saves the firm time — and that removing the uncertainty about what is required improves job satisfaction as well.


The euro's recent debut, driven mostly by political objectives, has significant implications for the global economy. Here, we examine the political, structural, fiscal and monetary-policy constraints that are likely to shape the euro's success in the coming years, and find more reasons to feel apprehensive than sanguine about this historic development. We demonstrate that the convergence requirement in the stability pact could provide the necessary ingredient for undoing the euro. The system allows politics to trump economics without all the necessary binding constraints on the political process.


Objective To establish of ibuprofen particle dissolution method.Methods UV determination.Determination wavelength:220 nm.pH 7.2 dissolution medium for PBS.Results Ibuprofen in 3.0 15.0 μg/ml solution,the degree of absorption and concentration was good linear relationship,r = 0.999 3.Test samples precision RSD 0.85%for the sample test solution within 12 h in the stability of the sample recovery rate was 99.9%,RSD was 0.22%.Conclusion This method is simple,stable and reliable,specific and effective determination of ibuprofen particle dissolution,in order to control particle dissolution of ibuprofen provides the basis for quality.


Target spot, caused by the fungus Corynespora cassiicola, has become a serious foliar disease in soybean production in the Brazilian Cerrado. Information in the literature regarding the biochemical defence responses of soybean to C. cassiicola infection is rare. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the biochemical features associated with soybean resistance to target spot. The activities of chitinases (CHI), β-1-3-glucanases (GLU), phenylalanine ammonia-lyases (PAL), peroxidases (POX), polyphenol oxidases (PPO) and lipoxygenases (LOX), as well as the concentrations of total soluble phenolics (TSP) and lignin-thioglycolic acid (LTGA) derivatives, were determined in soybean leaves from both a resistant (FUNDACEP 59) and a susceptible (TMG 132) cultivar. The target spot severity, number of lesions per cm2 of leaflet and area under the disease progress curve were significantly lower for plants from cv. FUNDACEP 59 compared to plants from cv. TMG 132. The GLU, CHI, PAL, POX and PPO activities and the concentration of LTGA derivatives increased significantly, whereas LOX activity decreased significantly on the leaves infected by C. cassiicola. Inoculated plants from cv. FUNDACEP 59 showed a higher PPO activity and concentrations of TSP and LTGA derivatives at 4 and 6 days after inoculation compared to plants from cv. TMG 132. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that the defence-related enzyme activities increased upon C. cassiicola infection, regardless of the basal level of resistance of the cultivar studied. The increases in PPO activity and concentrations of TSP and LTGA derivatives, but lower LOX activity, at early stages of C. cassiicola infection were highly associated with soybean resistance to target spot.


Activated carbon is suitable for the removal of organic compounds, resistant to biological treatment, from waste water, with regeneration of the saturated carbon. The design of a purification plant depends on the concentration and the kind of the dissolved substances and on the desired degree of purification. Adsorption isotherms of the water to be cleaned, using different types of activated carbon, were established. Then the waste water is passed through a fixed bed of carbon showing the highest adsorption capacity, and the speed of displacement of the mass transfer zone as well as its extent are determined. In this way the size of the adsorption vessel and the amount of carbon to be discharged into the regeneration unit can be calculated. The saturated carbon is regenerated in a fluidized bed operated by hot steam. The desorption of compounds reversibly adsorbed on the carbon and the decomposition by steam of substances irreversibly adsorbed have been studied under fluidized bed conditions. In pilot plant tests all phenolic and other organic compounds were removed from the waste water of a coking plant, the loss of activated carbon for each regeneration step being less than 3 percent. A demonstration plant is under construction.


Much industrial film production, whether involving amateur avant-gardists or professionals, remains terra incognita, despite the fact that audiences for industrials at certain times in the twentieth century rivalled and even surpassed those of Hollywood films, whether shown theatrically or non-theatrically. While not all industrials can be read as avant-garde, certain industrials at the very least mimic the kind of formal play that has defined the avant-garde, including James Sibley Watson's The Eyes of Science (1931) and Highlights and Shadows (1937). This article details the production and reception of these films by drawing on previously unavailable corporate and archival material.


Background: Although hippotherapy treatment has been demonstrated to have therapeutic effects on children with cerebral palsy, the samples used in research studies have been very small. In the case of hippotherapy simulators, there are no studies that either recommend or advise against their use in the treatment of children with cerebral palsy. The aim of this randomised clinical study is to analyse the therapeutic effects or the contraindications of the use of a commercial hippotherapy simulator on several important factors relating to children with cerebral palsy such as their motor development, balance control in the sitting posture, hip abduction range of motion and electromyographic activity of adductor musculature. Methods/Design: The study is a randomised controlled trial. It will be carried out with a sample of 37 children with cerebral palsy divided into two treatment groups. Eligible participants will be randomly allocated to receive either (a) Treatment Group with hippotherapy simulator, maintaining sitting posture, with legs in abduction and rhythmic movement of the simulator or (b) Treatment Group maintaining sitting posture, with legs in abduction and without rhythmic movement of the simulator. Data collection and analysis: all measurements will be carried out by a specially trained blind assessor. To ensure standardization quality of the assessors, an inter-examiner agreement will be worked out at the start of the study. The trial is funded by the Department of Research, Innovation and Development of the Regional Government of Aragon (Official Bulletin of Aragon 23 July 2007), project number PM059/2007. Discussion: Interest in this project is due to the following factors: Clinical originality (there are no previous studies analysing the effect of simulators on the population group of children with CP, nor any studies using as many variables as this project); Clinical impact (infantile cerebral palsy is a chronic multisystemic condition that affects not only the patient but also the patient's family and their close circle of friends); Practical benefits (the development of an effective treatment is very important for introducing this element into the rehabilitation of these children). Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN03663478. Background Hippotherapy is a physical treatment strategy in which the movement of a horse is used to improve posture, balance and general development of people with or without motor difficulties. It has been used since the 1960s in Europe and the mid 1970s in the USA for the treatment of cerebral palsy (CP) as well as other neurological pathologies such as multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, learning disabilities, muscular dystrophy and sensorial problems. It is based on current theories of motor control and development, and neurophysiological treatment principles. Several research studies have been published [1-13] showing the beneficial effects of hippotherapy on patients with disorders of the central nervous system, including infantile CP. Current studies of the beneficial effects of hippotherapy in the treatment of children with CP have a scientific evidence level of 2a [14]. The main studies have * Correspondence: email@example.com 1 Faculty of Health Sciences. Universidad San Jorge. Autovía A 23 ZaragozaHuesca, km 510, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego (Zaragoza), Spain † Contributed equally Full list of author information is available at the end of the article BioMed Central © 2010 Herrero et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Herrero et al. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2010, 11:71 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2474/11/71 Page 2 of 6 been carried out on the basis that the horse's gait provides a precise, rhythmic and repetitive pattern of movement similar to the movements of human walking [15]. Therefore, a patient whose disability has impeded the development of a rhythmic walking pattern can be helped to acquire reciprocal aspects of movement and to improve posture control through the stimulation of normal balance reactions and through repetitive stimuli for posture coordination during the hippotherapy session [16,17]. The therapeutic results obtained with the application of hippotherapy treatments has encouraged research into developing an advanced hippotherapy platform or simulators that "imitate" the movements of a horse, so that this therapy may be more accessible and adaptable to patients. A detailed study of the work developed in this line of research or associated disciplines enables the following classification to be drawn up of types of equine movement simulators: Structures of the Karakuri type [18,19] designed to give the sensation of "riding a horse" and "trotting" by means of a combination of forward-backward and up-and-down oscillating movements. It is generally aimed for uses requiring a great sensation of movement rather than fine and precise adjustments [20]. Structures based on hexapods with geometry of parallel platforms, with the upper platform being completely moveable. Hexapods allow a greater degree of moveability and adjustment, ideal for more precise movements at the expense of greater structural complexity. Technologies with specific mechanisms, such as those developed by Matshushita (Panasonic) or Osim based on the use of eccentric cams and followers (ad-hoc solution). In any event, the development of mechanical simulation systems for hippotherapy appears to be innovative and not much exploited. There is no diversified work within this research area. In short, starting from existing studies about the benefits of hippotherapy and taking into account the scarcity of studies carried out with simulators (and none with children with CP) the aim is to develop a study on the effects of the use of a simulator with these children with respect to two actions: remaining in the sitting position (trunk stability) and influence on the hip joint, with the simulator working providing a rhythmic movement imitating a horse walking and with the simulator used simply as a sitting device with no movement. This study is especially novel for two reasons. First, because the sample of children is substantially greater than that of other published studies concerning traditional hippotherapy, and the study is not limited to less serious cases. Second, because the therapeutic effect of a hippotherapy simulator is to be studied on a population group about whom no published data is available about the use of simulators. Objectives The main objective to be achieved in this project is to study the therapeutic relevance of a hippotherapy simulator for the treatment of children with cerebral palsy (considering four outcome variables, which are: sitting stability, muscle activity in hip adductors, range of hip abduction mobility and global motor development). We will study and divide the effect of the hippotherapy simulator into two aspects: Maintenance of a therapeutic stance. Rhythmic and repetitive movement produced by the simulator, that is similar to the normal mechanics of the human step. Methods This study has been approved (reference number CP04/ 06/08) by a Spanish Regional Ethics Committee (CEICA) and consequently the study will be carried out in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration of Human Rights. Informed consent will be obtained from children's parents or tutors prior to participating in the study. Sample The subjects of the study are children between 4 and 18 years old with CP, who attend schools run by the Education Department of the Government of Aragon (Spain) and whose tutors have signed an informed consent form. Regarding the sample size, a calculation of statistical power was made previous to the study. The calculation of statistical power was based on a non-published introductory research of the effects of a commercialized hippotherapy simulator for cerebral palsy children. In this study, an improvement of 60% was obtained in cases against 10% of improvement in controls, so improvement probability is considered to be at least double in cases than in controls (odd ratio of 2). In order to assure a power of 0.90 the sample should be 17 in every group (total sample 34). The sample size was considered to be 10% greater due to possible drop-outs (37-38 children). All CP children that fit the inclusion criteria were selected to participate (37 children). In this study it is hoped to assign at least 18 subjects randomly to each experimental condition. In cases where tutors or children do not wish to participate, the following variables will be recorded: Sex, age, level of Gross Motor Function Classification System and cause to refuse to participate. The exclusion criteria are as follows: Children who have undergone selective dorsal rhizotomy Acute convulsions not controlled by medication Herrero et al. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2010, 11:71 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2474/11/71 Page 3 of 6 Allergy to electrode adhesives Visual impairment not corrected with glasses Those circumstances or associated illnesses that in the judgment of the researcher might interfere with the results or be detrimental to the children. Inability to attend intervention sessions or refusal to participate. Study design The study design is a randomised controlled trial. A scheme of the study is shown in Figure 1. The patients will be classified into five levels according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and subsequently randomly divided into two treatment groups. 1.Treatment Group with hippotherapy simulator switched on. 2.Treatment Group with hippotherapy simulator switched off (without rhythmic movement). The randomising will be centralised and generated b


In [Kruglyak S. A., Samoĭlenko Yu. S.: On structure theorems for a family of idempotents. Ukrainskii Matematicheskii Zhurnal 50 (4), (1998) (Russian), Kruglyak S. A., Samoĭlenko Yu. S.: On the complexity of description of representations of \(*\)-algebras generated by idempotents. [in:] Proc. of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 128, 1655–1664, AMS, 2000, Kruglyak S. A.: A majorization relation for \(*\)-categories and \(*\)-wild categories. [in:] Proc. of the Fifth Intern. Conference "Symmetry in Nonlinear Math. Physics", 2004], \(*\)-algebras and \(*\)-categories over the field \(\mathbb{C}\) of complex numbers were quasi-ordered with respect to the complexity of the structure of their \(*\)-representations with a majorization relation \(\succ\). A notion of \(*\)-wildness was also introduced there for an algebra (a category) if the algebra majorizes the \(*\)-algebra \(C^{*}(\mathcal{F}_2)\). In this paper, we discuss some methods for proving that an algebra is \(*\)-wild and obtain criteria for certain "standard" \(*\)-categories (ensembles with an orthogonality condition) to be \(*\)-wild.


Press [1] expressed the distribution of an arbitrary linear combination of noncentral chi-square variates as a mixture of distributions of weighted differences between pairs of central chi-squares. The distributions appearing in the mixture depend on the coefficients in the linear combination. Here, by modifying Press's results, we obtain a mixture representation not exhibiting that property. Following Press, let X4,d denote a non-central chi-square variate, having m degrees of freedom and non-centrality parameter d, whose probability density function is given by


Pyrolysis is a viable option for the production of renewable energy and agricultural resources from diverted organic waste streams. This high temperature thermochemical process yields material with beneficial reuses, including bio-oil and biochar. Gaseous forms of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are also emitted during pyrolysis. The effluent mass emission rates from pyrolysis are not well characterized, thus limiting proper evaluation of the environmental benefits or costs of pyrolysis products. We present the first comprehensive suite of C and N mass emission rate measurements of a biomass pyrolysis process that uses chicken manure as the feedstock to produce biochar and bio-oil. Two chicken manure fast pyrolysis experiments were conducted at controlled temperature ranges of 450–485 °C and 550–585 °C. Mass emission rates of nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and ammonia (NH3) were measured using trace gas analyzers. Based on the system mass bal...


In article the concept of "plurality of modernist styles" and approaches to studying social life on the basis of any determinisms are criticized. It is offered to consider social development from the point of view of synergetic paradigm, system principles, factor theories which explain variative development of a social system within the framework of the category of non-freedom/ freedom of a human being.


Based on the model of population-society-economy-resources-environment,this paper made a comprehensive assessment on sustainable agriculture development in Suihua City by the entropy method.The results showed that the population systems and agricultural environment system were higher level of sustainable development,economic,social and resource systems were lower level of sustainable development,comprehensive evaluation index was highest in Qingan,Zhaodong and Beilin,the lowest index was Mingshui,Qing'an and Lanxi.Finally the proposals to raise the level of sustainable agricultural development in Suihua City was put forward.


Herein, we reported for the first time a facile synthetic process of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) by using N-acetyl-L-cysteine both as a reducing agent and as a protection ligand. Based on the pH stimuli-responsive properties of the as-prepared AuNCs, we constructed a pH-sensing platform for the detection of urea, urease, and urease inhibitors.


The European Robin (Erithacus rubecula) is a partial migrant in Central Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean known as a wintering area. Little is known about the behaviour in the winter. I assessed the wintering phenology by using capture-recapture methods in a coastal area in southern Turkey. Over three wintering seasons, 76 European Robins were captured with mist-nets. Ten of them were recaptured in the following wintering seasons and another after two seasons. Recaptures peaked in November (26.5%) and December (26.5%) and then declined progressively to February (14.7%). Our results suggest a high level of site fidelity in the wintering area in subsequent years.


The article presents the data on the study of age-related features of non-contagious pathology in broiler chickens, as well as the level of metabolic processes in liver of healthy poultry and poultry with diseases. The results of the studies indicate that in the conditions of an industrial enterprise specializing in meat poultry rearing, poultry mortality in different age periods ranged from 3 to 5 % of the total population. In the structure of the causes of mortality of broiler chickens from the 8th to the 15th day, an increase in mortality from hepatopathies was registered, and by the 25th day of life hepatosis was recorded in the bulk of the dead poultry. Biochemical monitoring of blood serum in poultry with signs of liver pathology revealed an increase in the level of ALAT, β-globulins, and the "inflammation syndrome" of the hepatic parenchyma was confirmed by a positive thymol test. Long-term consumption of feed contaminated with mycotoxins by broilers led to the deterioration in the health of the poultry, an imbalance in liver and the development of general metabolic disorders of the poultry organism.


SUBTITLE: RETAILERS WITH MULLTIPLE SALES CHANNELS ARE PROVING TO HAVE A DISTRICT ADVANTAGE OVER WEB-ONLY COMPETITION -- IF THEY CAN GET THEIR SUPPLY CHAINS IN LINE.


Random forest is an often used ensemble technique, renowned for its high predictive performance. Random forests models are, however, due to their sheer complexity inherently opaque, making human interpretation and analysis impossible. This paper presents a method of approximating the random forest with just one decision tree. The approach uses oracle coaching, a recently suggested technique where a weaker but transparent model is generated using combinations of regular training data and test data initially labeled by a strong classifier, called the oracle. In this study, the random forest plays the part of the oracle, while the transparent models are decision trees generated by either the standard tree inducer J48, or by evolving genetic programs. Evaluation on 30 data sets from the UCI repository shows that oracle coaching significantly improves both accuracy and area under ROC curve, compared to using training data only. As a matter of fact, resulting single tree models are as accurate as the random forest, on the specific test instances. Most importantly, this is not achieved by inducing or evolving huge trees having perfect fidelity; a large majority of all trees are instead rather compact and clearly comprehensible. The experiments also show that the evolution outperformed J48, with regard to accuracy, but that this came at the expense of slightly larger trees.


CRDF разработана анкета экспертной оценки. The article reviews the issue of developing competitive funding for international fundamental research of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences by the example of a pilot joint projects competition in basic research by FEB RAS CRDF for 2011-2012. The competition procedure, priority topics of the competition sections are determined. The process of formalizing the applications' materials and their scientific expertise is considered. Based on the experience of RFBR and CRDF a questionnaire for peer review is formulated.


Background: There is a need to improve the efficacy evaluation methods of the antidepressants in order to allow the inclusion of symptoms which  express more the improvement of the patient expectations. In the present article we present a discussion about the efficacy evaluation of agomelatine, particularly regarding positive and negative emotions associated with depression.Aims: The main objective of this article is to demonstrate the limitations of the classic methods of antidepressants' efficacy evaluation. Secondarily, it points out the need to find other methods of evaluation in order to include the evaluation of negative and positive emotions linked to depression.Methods: A critic and systematic literature review was carried out about methodology of antidepressant evaluation efficacy. The literature of agomelatine efficacy was also reviewed.Results and Conclusions: The evaluation of antidepressants efficacy through the traditional scales of Hamilton (HAM-D) or Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) have shown limitations which points out to the need of looking to the evaluation of other parameters and symptoms with more value to the patients. The superior efficacy of agomelatine was shown concerning the evaluation of positive and negative emotions in comparison with SSRIs and SNRIs.


Mobile internet is considered one of the most important developments in information and communication technology due to its considerable effect on both the economy and our daily lives. Furthermore, mobile internet is an essential tool for overcoming the rural – urban digital divide. With respect to agriculture, mobile internet can play a central role in information gathering as well as the implementation of precision and smart farming technologies. Yet, no study has identified the determinants of mobile internet adoption in agriculture. Using a bivariate probit model with a sample selection and a representative data set from 815 German farmers, this study showed that, among other characteristics, the age of the farmer, farm size and location, as well as familiarity with internet risks is associated with mobile internet adoption in agriculture. These results may be of interest to policy makers, who deal with internet infrastructure, and providers of farm equipment that rely on mobile internet connection. [EconLit citations: Q16].


This paper deals with the accumulated damage in concrete structures due to the cyclic freeze-thaw as an environmental load. The cyclic ice body nucleation and growth processes in porous systems are affected by the thermo-physical and mass transport properties, and gradients of temperature and chemical potentials. Furthermore, the diffusivity of deicing chemicals shows significantly higher value under cyclic freeze-thaw conditions. Consequently, the disintegration of concrete structures is aggravated at marine environments, higher altitudes, and northern areas. However, the properties of cyclic freeze-thaw with crack growth and diffusion of chloride ion effects are hard to be identified in tests, and there has been no analytic model for the combined degradations. The main objective is to determine the driving force and evaluate the reduced strength and stiffness by freeze-thaw. For the development of computational model of those coupled deterioration, micro-pore structure characterization, pore pressure based on the thermodynamic equilibrium, time and temperature dependent super-cooling with or without deicing salts, nonlinear-fracture constitutive relation for the evaluation of internal damage, and the effect of entrained air pores (EA) has been modeled numerically. As a result, the amount of ice volume with temperature dependent surface tensions, freezing pressure and resulting deformations, and cycle and temperature dependent pore volume has been calculated and compared with available test results. The developed computational program can be combined with DuCOM, which can calculate the early aged strength, heat of hydration, micro-pore volume, shrinkage, transportation of free water in concrete. Therefore, the developed model can be applied to evaluate those various practical degradation cases as well.


The article presents the results of experiments on the influence of preliminary thermal treatment of veneer and the effect of the constant electric field (during the preparation of plywood) on the moisture-resistance and adhesive properties of birch plywood. It was found that the thermomodification of veneer and polarization in the process of plywood preparation can significantly improve the properties of plywood, namely, to reduce moisture resistance and increase the strength of plywood material.


The utility model discloses a comprehensive utilization device of low metamorphic soft coal. The comprehensive utilization device comprises a hot waste gas dewatering device, a coal pyrolysis furnace, a conveyor and a hot waste gas connection pipeline. By the comprehensive utilization principle of the low metamorphic soft coal, continuous dewatering and high-temperature pyrolysis on the low metamorphic soft coal with high water content can be realized; clean gas which is formed by chemical recovery and purification of crude gas generated by the self high-temperature pyrolysis of the low-metamorphic soft coal is utilized for burning and the waste gas after burning is dewatered, no external energy is needed to consume, high-quality 'anthracite culm' can be provided for blast furnaces of iron and steel industry or power plants and in addition other coal chemical industries can be supplied with 'anthracite culm' for by-products after chemical recovery and purification of crude gas or for gasification, thus the maximum utilization of the low metamorphic soft coal with high water content is achieved.


This paper presents modeling and simulation of specialized river terminals for bulk cargo unloading. The system consists of two basic sub-systems: "Anchorage" and "vessel-operative coast", while the second basic sub-system consists of three sub-basic systems: "Unloading mechanization", "conveyor" and "storage". The sub-basic system "unloading mechanization" contains two elementary sub-systems - "crane". Each "crane" unloads bulk cargo on its own in different berth. Modeling of the elementary sub-system "crane" and results which are used in modeling and simulation of the whole system are given. Servicing in the system is divided into three phases with different number of servers. First two phases are connected with "anchorage" while third phase is connected with "vessel-operative coast". Results of the simulation modeling according to arrival rate of vessel composition and time in which the system was observed (non-stationary and stationary work of the system) are specified and given.


The generalized elastic model encompasses several linear stochastic models describing the dynamics of polymers, membranes, rough surfaces, and fluctuating interfaces. In this paper we show that the Fractional Langevin Equation (FLE) is a suitable framework for the study of the tracer (probe) particle dynamics, when an external force acts only on a single point (tagged probe) belonging to the system. With the help of the Fox function formalism we study the scaling behaviour of the noise- and force-propagators for large and short times (distances). We show that the Kubo fluctuation relations are exactly fulfilled when a time periodic force is exerted on the tagged probe. Most importantly, by studying the large and low frequency behaviour of the complex mobility we illustrate surprising nontrivial physical scenarios. Our analysis shows that the system splits into two distinct regions whose size depends on the applied frequency, characterized by very different response to the periodic perturbation exerted, both in the phase shift and in the amplitude.


Ready-to-go, interactive food safety exhibits were developed to allow Extension Educators the opportunity to communicate the magnitude of food safety risk and to prevent foodborne illness. Four food safety topics were chosen: 1) At‐Risk Groups, 2) Preserving Food, 3) Food Thermometers, 4) Kitchen Safety for Kids. Data collected showed an increase in food safety knowledge and planned behavior change.


Objective: To describe the trends in maternal mortality in tertiary care hospitals in the last five years and compare the mortalities in the previous ten years. Methods: All pregnant women from January 2016 to December 2020 were analyzed. The primary outcome of this research was maternal mortality ratios. Various causes of maternal mortality were also evaluated. The correlation between maternal characteristics and maternal mortality was inspected using logistic regression models. Pregnancy outcomes of mothers who died versus mothers who survived were also evaluated. Results: One hundred seventy-three maternal deaths were noted in 49283 pregnant women in 2016-2020. The average maternal mortality ratio in 5 years period was 409 per 100,000 live births. It showed a decreasing curve over the five years, from 539/100,000 live births in 2016 to 295 in 2020. Five year clusters also demonstrated a falling trend, from 856/100,000 live births to 409. Hemorrhage (34.68%), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (21.38%), suspected cases of thromboembolism (20.80%) were the leading causes of maternal mortality. Pregnancy outcomes in mothers who survived and who expired were evaluated. Almost 33% of maternal deaths had stillbirths as compared to 4.69% in alive mothers (RR 6.87); similarly, unknown outcomes (RR7.56) and ectopic pregnancies (RR 3.01) were more frequent in cases of maternal demise. Conclusion: Trends in maternal mortality show a decreasing curve. Hemorrhage remains the leading cause. Attainment of SDGs requires interventions both at primary and tertiary health care. Keywords: Maternal mortality and Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR), trends, causes of maternal mortality.


Operate in a networked chat environment, a system and method for managing the chat load in a chat room is provided. Chat controller (120), among a plurality of chat clients registered with the chat room, manages the chat room that provides the exchange of information in the form of a plurality of chat lines. Chat controller (120) determines the chat load associated with the chat room to change the chat room based on the chat load.


Gas hydrate is the hotspot of researching to the petroleum geologists and researchers in present world, and it is also the central caring issue to the scientific, technologic, energetic and environmental fields in the new century. This paper would take a analyze to the issue. The purpose is to awake a better investigation. It would be beneficial to the gas hydrate pre-research and the petroleum exploring developing to the deep-water area of the epicontinental basins in the north part of the South China Sea.


AMT and MT surveys were conducted to investigate at high resolution the spatial resistivity structure of Unzen volcano, with consideration given to understanding its regional dimensionality. Our phase tensor analysis supports the conclusion that the resistivity structure is two-dimensional, with the strike in the E-W direction. Two-dimensional inversions suggest that Unzen volcano is likely to comprise 4 layers: a high resistivity surface (greater than 1000 Ω m), an intermediate second layer (20 to several hundreds of Ωm), a low resistivity third layer (less than 20 Ω m), and a relatively high resistivity basement. We assume the upper-most high resistivity layer consists of undersaturated lava and pyroclastic flow deposits. The second and third layers are likely to be water-saturated and form an aquifer that seems to correlate well with the emergence of groundwater discharge at the surface. In deeper areas beneath the summit, a region with a resistivity of 20–80 Ω m is surrounded by areas of extremely low resistivity (less than 3 Ω m); this structural features in Unzen volcano was first identified in this study, but is typical of the resistivity structure observed in active volcanoes. Interpreting the results of well logs and geodetic studies of Unzen volcano in light of the findings of the present study and the resistivity structure of other active volcanoes, we suggest that Unzen volcano possesses a hydrothermal system of high-temperature fluids beneath its edifice; this hydrothermal system may play a non-negligible role in controlling heat and mass transfer in the magmatic system of Unzen volcano.


OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States for both men and women. African Americans are disproportionately affected with lung cancer, having higher incidence and mortality rates compared to Caucasian men and women. African American smokers are diagnosed with lung cancer at a lower age with lower cumulative smoking history. Differences in socioeconomic and environmental factors likely contribute to lung cancer disparities, but less is known about acquired biologic alterations that can promote initiation and progression of lung cancer, particularly in African Americans. This is of interest because there may be other biological, genetic, or environmental factors contributing to lung cancer outcomes as it relates to differences in gender and race. One potential biologic variable may be in the DNA repair capacity (DRC), which describes a cell's ability to repair damage to DNA caused by carcinogens, oxidants, and radiation. Altered DNA repair is a hallmark of cancer, leading to mutations and malignant transformation. We hypothesize that DRC is decreased in African Americans with lung cancer compared to Caucasian Americans with lung cancer, contributing to the disparity that exists in this racial group. We will 1) perform a retrospective chart review to determine demographic differences between African Americans and Caucasians at three central Indiana hospitals and 2) determine the impact of race and lung cancer on DRC amongst African Americans and Caucasians with and without lung cancer. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Lung cancer patients are identified in 3 central Indiana hospitals with different payer source and patient populations using ICD codes. Collected demographics include age, gender, pack-years, lung cancer histology, treatment, and mortality. DRC is measured by host-cell reactivation (non-homologous end-joining and nucleotide excision repair pathways) by flow-cytometry. Measurement of DRC is performed on PBMCs obtained from 120 patients (male and female, African Americans and Caucasians with and without lung cancer). Correlation of DRC and lung cancer will be determined by comparing lung cancer diagnosis to quartile DRC, and adjusted for confounders (measured demographics). Correlative measures will include measures of DNA damage and genomic instability. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: 3450 lung cancer patients were diagnosed with lung cancer at Indiana University Hospital between 1/1/2000 – 5/31/2015. Of these, 48.2% were female and 92.7% smokers. African Americans, Caucasians and Other ethnicities represented 12%, 86% and 2%, respectively. Of smokers, 11.4% were African American. The primary payer source was Federal/Medicare. Retrospective review of lung cancer patients from two additional health systems (county and VA hospitals) will be performed as above with outcomes measured. DRC and additional correlative measures will be performed as in Methods. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: If present, altered DRC in African Americans compared to Caucasians may contribute to the disproportional impact of lung cancer on African Americans. If DRC is decreased in African Americans with lung cancer, future studies will focus on identifying potential genetic, epigenetic and environmental causes for this decrease.


Abstract : Manning the force, one of our most important personnel functions, should not be overlooked when preparing or discussing our National Security Strategy. Without a properly manned force, other essential items within that strategy may not come to fruition. Just as manning the force is important, so is manning it with the right mix, the right grades and right skills. The increasing pressure and demands on soldiers have contributed to an already increasing problem in the military, that of attrition. If this problem continues, the future will look suspect in the force mix we put together for the next Peacekeeping Force or Task Force or mission that falls within our National Security Plan. Attrition must be reviewed to determine where we are and where we need to go so an effective strategy of policy changes or adjustments can be developed, as needed. It is shortsighted to look at attrition as a problem we can fix with money or even well-being programs without looking at the major links in the cycle from recruiting, accession, training, and leader responsibilities. Only when we analyze the integral roles and responsibilities of all the players in this cycle will we be able to determine where potential contributors lie to further reduce attrition, and therefore, support the strategic future of our nation.


The invention discloses a monitoring system for an abnormal condition in an elevator car. The monitoring system comprises at least one 3D somatosensory photographing device which is arranged in the elevator car. The 3D somatosensory photographing device sends collected original sensing data flow to a signal processing device. Whether a dynamic behavior of a passenger is abnormal or not or whether the passenger is in a danger state or not is judged through the signal processing device. When it is judged through the signal processing device that the dynamic behavior of the passenger is abnormal or the passenger is in the danger state, an indication signal is sent to an emergency handling device. The monitoring device is based on the somatosensory photographing technique so that the passenger in an accident can be rescued in time, the difficulty of rescuing the trapped person can be lowered, and the risk of a violence accident between passengers in the elevator car can be lowered or prevented. The invention further discloses a monitoring method for the abnormal condition in the elevator car.


The relationships among the HRM practices, employee engagement and performance have received a significant attention all over the world. This study has attempted to develop a conceptual framework using the role of employee engagement as mediator in HRM practices and performance relationship in the readymade garment industry in Bangladesh. The proposed framework portrayed that HRM practices have positive influence on both employee engagement and performance. Similarly, employee engagement also has a positive influence on performance. The policy makers and other HR consultants and practitioners certainly can improve the employee performance by using this model. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n4p87


Materialists about human persons say that we are, and must be, wholly material beings. Substance dualists say that we are, and must be, wholly immaterial. In this article, I take issue with the 'and must be' bits. Both materialists and substance dualists would do well to reject modal extensions of their views and instead opt for contingent doctrines, or doctrines that are silent about those modal extensions. Or so I argue.


Background  Bexarotene is a synthetic retinoid from the subclass of retinoids called rexinoids which selectively activate retinoid X receptors. It has activity in cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) and has been approved by the European Medicines Agency since 1999 for treatment of the skin manifestations of advanced‐stage (IIB–IVB) CTCL in adult patients refractory to at least one systemic treatment. In vivo bexarotene produces primary hypothyroidism which may be managed with thyroxine replacement. It also affects lipid metabolism, typically resulting in raised triglycerides, which requires prophylactic lipid‐modification therapy. Effects on neutrophils, glucose and liver function may also occur. These side‐effects are dose dependent and may be controlled with corrective therapy or dose adjustments.


Contemporaries considered the main representatives of aesthetic criticism: V. P. Botkin, P. V. Annenkov and A. V. Druzhinin like-minded people. But they rarely referred to each other and did not assert their methodological unity. Druzhinin was a professional writer and wrote constantly, and Annenkov and Botkin were amateurs: living in literature, arts, they wrote occasionally. Therefore, Druzhinin's aesthetic legacy looks confused and archaic, while Annenkov and Botkin's aesthetic legacy looks solid and promising. However, Druzhinin's aesthetic throwing is fraught with future discoveries, which gives them special weight and significance. Annenkov saw the "mirror" of society in literature and often wrote about social types, although his assessments were diametrically opposed to the democratic camp. Druzhinin has very few social type analyses, and Botkin has none.In the interpretation of the role of criticism in the literary process, the "priceless triumvirate" was more unanimous. All of them used the generally accepted terminology ("the purpose of poetry is poetry", art is a school of feelings, pleasant and useful, "defeated difficulty") and considered art the only means of moral education of a person, recognizing the educational value not in abstract thought, but in the beauty, "grace" of a work of art. Annenkov, Botkin and Druzhinin continue Pushkin's interpretation of the "purpose of art" as "an ideal, not a moral teaching." But their concepts foreshadow either the theory of L. Tolstoy's infection, or the theory of art as the embodiment of Fet's beauty. But Annenkov and Botkin believe that in the process of creativity and perception of a literary text, the reader only repeats the actions of the author and does not commit actions not programmed by the authors. Druzhinin recognizes the great independence of the reader.


FRANKING MACHINE USING CPU, MEMORIES AND RECORDS FOR THE SETTING VALUES OF POSTAGE, INDICATING DATE OF THE WORDS ON THE NATURE OF TRANSMITTAL OR MODE SHIPPING, AND OTHER DEVICES FOR PRINTING. TO AVOID dAMAGE OR INCIDENTAL ETOU INTERVENTION INTENTIONAL THROUGH LINES PERIPHERALS 11, IT IS EXPECTED THAT THE COMPONENTS THAT REACT TO CHANGE EXTERNAL TENSION SUCH THE MEMOIRES20 AND REGISTERS 50, ARE PROTECTED BY CONTROL MODULE 21, 51 PLACES UPSTREAM. FOR THE CONTROL OF THE ACCURACY ADJUSTMENT OF MOTOR STEP-BY-STEP 60 REGISTRY 50, POSITIONS SUCH MOTOR STEP BY NOT BE REPORTED IN 10 MICROPROCESSOR BY SENSORS AND PROBES 60.


Computer network  is  a  system  consisting  of  two  or  more  computers  that  are connected to each other through transmission media or communication media so that they can share data, applications or share hardware such as hard disk or others. One of the problems that arise is with the increase of applications and services used will require the increase hardware that  will be integrated so that the  value of the effectiveness of the system  will decrease. The impact can be prevented by using the concept of cloud computing. Cloud Computing itself is a computing  model  that  embodies  the  concept  of  IT  resource  providers  (CPU,  RAM,  storage media) by utilizing and making other computers to provide services. One of the mechanisms in the  cloud  is  Infrastructure  As  A  Service  (IAAS),  one  of  the  technologies  that  can  be  used  in IAAS is the replication and distribution of files on a high  computerized and keep the data in private  cloud  computing  remains  always  active.  By  using  glusterFS  and  KVM  hypervisor optimizing  CPU  usage  up  to  67%  and maximizing  memory  usage  up  to  79.3%  on  compute node so as to produce good latency according to resource load requested by user.


Aggressive technology down-scaling increases the vulnerability of microprocessors to runtime errors, in particular radiation-induced soft errors. In this paper, we present a technique based on Boolean satisfiability (SAT) to obtain reliability parameters of microprocessors in the presence of soft errors. We use a metric called microprocessor vulnerability factor (MVF) which captures the soft error rate of a particular implementation of the microprocessor, separating it from vulnerability factors due to the micro-codes and programs running on the microprocessor. We transform the MVF computation problem into equivalent Boolean satisfiability problem and use state-of-the-art SAT-solvers to obtain MVF. We present results for some widely used RISC processor cores and provide detailed analysis for various instructions and execution paths/resources.


ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is the dedicated heavy-ion experiment designed to measure the properties of the strongly interacting matter created in nucleus-nucleus interactions at the LHC energies ( p s = 5.5 TeV per nucleon pair for Pb–Pb collisions) [1, 2]. In addition, with its system of detectors, ALICE will also allow to perform interesting measurements during the proton–proton LHC runs at p s = 14 TeV [3]. Special strength of ALICE is the low pT cut-o↵ (⇠100 MeV/c) due to the low magnetic field, the small amount of material in the tracking detectors, and the excellent capabilities in particle identification over a large momentum range (up to ⇠100 GeV/c). The above features of its conceptual design as soft-particle (low pT ) tracker make ALICE suitable to explore very e↵ectively the global properties of minimum–bias proton–proton collisions (such as the distributions of charged tracks in multiplicity, pseudorapidity and transverse momentum) in the new domain of the LHC energies. In addition, these measurements will provide also an indispensable complement to those performed in the other pp experiments, ATLAS and CMS, where the superposition of minimum-bias collisions at the highest LHC luminosity will be the main source of background to the search for rare signals (Higgs boson, SUSY particles, 'new physics'). On the other hand also the Underlying Event (i.e. the softer component accompanying a hard QCD process) must be carefully understood, since it accounts for a large fraction of the event activity in terms of the observed transverse energy or charged particle multiplicity and momenta. Furthermore, as it will be shown in the following, the ALICE proton–proton programme will include also cross-section measurements of strange particles, baryons, resonances, heavy-flavoured mesons, heavy quarkonia, photons, and also jet studies. Another motivation for studying pp events with ALICE is the necessity to provide a reference, in the same detector, to measurements performed with nucleus–nucleus (and proton–nucleus) collisions. The latter could be done via interpolation to p s = 5.5 TeV (the centre-of-mass energy for Pb-Pb runs) between the Tevatron and the maximum LHC energy. However, since this interpolation will be a↵ected by rather large uncertainties, additional dedicated runs at the same centre-of-mass energy as measured in heavy-ion collisions could be necessary to obtain a more reliable reference. Indeed, as it was shown by the past experiments at the SPS and at the RHIC, such comparison is important in order to disentangle genuine collective phenomena and to be more sensitive to any signatures of critical behaviour at the largest energy densities reached in head-on heavy-ion collisions. Last, a more technical motivation of pp studies is that pp collisions are optimal for the


Observational studies provide the opportunity to evaluate routine practice without the selection and treatment criteria imposed in randomized clinical trials (RCTs).

 Using data from the RE-COVERY DVT/PE global observational study (enrolment January 2016 to May 2017), we describe the baseline profile of patients treated for acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) in routine clinical practice according to age and renal function.

 Baseline patient characteristics, clinical features (comorbidities/medical history), and anticoagulant therapy were tabulated descriptively for the subgroups of age (<75, ≥75 years) and creatinine clearance (<30, 30 to <50 [moderate impairment], 50 to <80 [mild impairment], ≥80 mL/min). Anticoagulant therapy at baseline and at hospital discharge or 14 days after diagnosis (whichever was later) was recorded.

 In this observational study of 6122 patients with acute deep vein thrombosis, the proportions of patients at baseline who were ≥75 years of age (25.2%) or who had mild to moderate renal impairment (38.1%) were higher than in RCTs of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) for acute VTE treatment (∼12–13% elderly and ∼26–29% with mild or moderate renal impairment) (from analyses of the RE-COVER trials; Hokusai-VTE and AMPLIFY). Older patients and those with renal impairment were more often female and were more likely to have comorbidities than the younger or normal renal function groups (Table). At the time of hospital discharge or 14 days after diagnosis, whichever was later, the majority was treated with NOACs (54%). Vitamin K antagonists were prescribed to approximately 1 in 5 patients. The use of NOACs decreased with worsening renal function, whereas the proportions treated with parenteral anticoagulation alone increased in the moderate renal impairment group compared with patients with normal renal function.

 The population treated for acute VTE in routine clinical practice includes more elderly and renally impaired patients than represented in RCTs. These baseline data provide a snapshot of patient characteristics and patterns of anticoagulant therapy.

 Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim


The expected continuous-time structure of a bond and bond's interest rate risk in an investment settings was studied. We determined the expected number of years an investor or manager will wait until the stock comes to maturity. The expected principal amount to be paid back per stock at time 't' was determined, while assuming that the present value of the stock follows a standard geometric Brownian motion, with constant drift and constant volatility at any time 't'. It was found that the higher the value of the expected return from the risky asset, the higher the expected duration of the bond and higher the value of the expected return from the risky asset, the higher the return from the investment. It was also found that the higher the value of the interest rate, the lower the duration and vice versa. When the interest rate of the bond was greater than the expected rate of return from the cash flow, then as 't' become larger, the cash flow grew with bound. The cash flows grew without bound when the expected rate of return was greater than the interest rate from the bond. Keywords: Bond, average continuous-time, interest rate, risk International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences , 6(2): 259-264, 2010


Let $K$ be an algebraically closed field with an absolute value. This note gives an elementary proof of the classical result that the roots of a polynomial with coefficients in $K$ are continuous functions of the coefficients of the polynomial.


Introduction. Parental attitude is a condition for the child's development, including his temporal characteristics - features of the attitude to time. Theoretical analysis. The attitude to time as a manifestation of adult temporality is due to the reflective idea of parental attitude towards him. There are differences in perceptions of parental relationships in subjects with temporal dependence, indifference, and plasticity as manifestations of adult temporality. Empirical analysis. The respondents were 209 people aged 25 to 31 years. The method "Ratio to Time Scale" as well as "Parental Attitude Test Questionnaire" were used. It was found that adults with time dependence at a high level have such parameters of reflexive representation of parental attitude as symbiosis, authoritarian hypersocialization and attitude to failures. Whereas respondents with temporary indifference have these indicators at a low level. For subjects with temporal plasticity, the expression of acceptance and cooperation as indicators of a reflective view of parental attitudes is of leading importance. Conclusion. The obtained data can be used to transform the temporality of the personality by correcting the parental attitude or an adult's reflexive representation of it.


The extended discussion of the Nonlinear MHD Perturbations of the Solar Corona and the Heliosphere has been exposed.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html


The influence of three different blowing conditions on the slag splashing process in a basic oxygen furnace for steelmaking is analyzed here using two-dimensional transient Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. Four blowing conditions are considered in the computer runs: top blowing, combined blowing using just a bottom centered nozzle, combined blowing using two bottom lateral nozzles, and full combined blowing using the three top and the three bottom nozzles. Computer simulations show that full combined blowing provides greater slag splashing than conventional top blowing.


Chinese rulers assumed a paternalistic obligation for the welfare of the population; this assumption is an important theme in political thought throughout the imperial period. Responsibility for the people is shared by Confucian officials at all levels and to a certain extent by the local wealthy. In the Chinese tradition, morality and subsistence are closely tied to one another. If the people are to understand morality, they must be guaranteed a basic level of subsistence. Confucian political theories posited that human action could alleviate or even prevent famine. Consequently, strategies for both famine prevention and relief appear in the statutes and regulations of Chinese dynasties, the imperial pronouncements, and the writings of concerned officials. Building on the accomplishments of earlier dynasties, the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) established a set of famine policies which included the construction of granaries, tax remission, humanitarian aid, and locust control. Official concern for the people in times of food shortage is clearly enunciated in the


Summary: Branched aliphatic polycarbonates were synthesized by ring opening polymerization of 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-2-one (NPC) initiated from polyfunctional alcohols and a commercial hyperbranched polyester (BOLTORN®). Polymerizations in the presence of fumaric acid under bulk conditions allowed high conversion (80%) without gelation. The synthesis of polymers with long chain branches was confirmed by size exclusion chromatography and universal calibration. The Mark–Houwink exponent decreased, indicating an increased density, while increasing the number of arms. The star polymers with up to four arms showed thermal properties Tg (20–30 °C) and Tm (100–110 °C) similar to linear PNPC.

Boltorn™ hyperbranched polymer with radial polycarbonate grafts.


Alkali-based electron sources are characterised by high quantum efliciency and low work function, therefore they are the best candidate to met the specification of laser-driven RF gun. Preparation technology of such a photoemitters is in rapid progress, and the development of multialkali materials represent a promising step. We used Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) to investigate in situ grown multialkali photoemitters. Thin films (tens of nanometers scale) of Sb, K and Cs were sequentially deposited on different substrates (MO and stainless steel AISI 304). The procedure has been separately proved to result in an high efliciency photocmitter. -41 each preparation stage and in the final configuration the film was monitored as far as the interfacial intermixing (also with respect to the substrate), the chemical bonding and the presence of contaminants are concerned. In particular, AES was used in conjunction with sputter erosion to obtain the in-depth profile of the film. Emphasis was also on the characterisation of the outermost layers, which is known to mainly determine the photoemissive behaviour of the material.


The theory of high-voltage electrokinetics in clay-water-electrolyte systems was developed. Upon application of a nonuniform high-voltage direct-current (DC) field to a clay-water-electrolyte system through electrically insulated electrodes, electrophoretic and dielectrophoretic forces are generated and imposed on clay particles. The former are induced by the interaction of a DC field with negatively charged clay particles, whereas the latter are induced by the interaction of the electrical diffuse double layer in a nonuniform electric field. The effects of high-voltage electric fields to the properties of a disturbed marine sediment were investigated in an experimental program. The primary experimental data indicate that high-voltage electrokinetics increased undrained shear strength of a marine sediment up to 267% and the pullout resistance of steel plates up to 88%. The effect of high-voltage electrokinetics was irreversible even long after withdrawal of the electric fields. The treatment was energy efficient and had minimal electrochemical reactions due to insulation of the electrodes.


Chiral perovskite nanocrystals have emerged as an interesting chiral excitonic platform that combines both structural flexibility and superior optoelectronic properties. Despite several recent demonstrations of optical activity in various chiral perovskite nanocrystals, efficient circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with tunable energies remains a challenge. The chirality imprinting mechanism as a function of perovskite nanocrystal dimensionality remains elusive. Here, atomically thin inorganic perovskite nanoplatelets (NPLs) are synthesized with precise control of layer thickness and are functionalized by chiral surface ligands, serving as a unique platform to probe the chirality transfer mechanism at the organic/perovskite interface. It is found that chirality is successfully imprinted into mono‐, bi‐, and tri‐layer inorganic perovskite NPLs, exhibiting tunable circular dichroism (CD) and CPL responses. However, chirality transfer decreases in thicker NPLs, resulting in decreased CD and CPL dissymmetry factors for thicker NPLs. Aided by large‐scale first‐principles calculations, it is proposed that chirality transfer is mainly mediated through a surface distortion rather than a hybridization of electronic states, giving rise to symmetry breaking in the perovskite lattice and spin‐split conduction bands. The findings described here provide an in‐depth understanding of chirality transfer and design principles for distorted‐surface perovskites for chiral photonic applications.


Many companies have adopted stock-based incentive plans for executives-and now for lower-level employees. In principle, these plans give employees a greater stake in the company, thereby creating a more motivated staff, while increasing the company's value. But the vast majority of a stock's price movement is attributable to macroeconomic factors beyond the scope of any one person's actions; this runs counter to the very idea of an incentive. Thus, a stock-based approach to valuing and rewarding the contributions of an individual or a group of employees is not sufficient by itself. A stock-based approach is best used in combination with reward measures grounded in the microeconomics of the business, according to the authors. In this article, the authors describe how three companies have found creative ways of compensating executives for creation of value by striking a balance that includes stock performance as well as other measures of business performance.


AbstractThe dependence on temperature of the impact toughness in Al–Li–Cu–Mg–Zr alloys was investigated focusing on the low temperature impact toughness. The impact toughness of Al–Li–Cu–Mg–Zr alloys in the low temperature region (≤ 423 K) increased with decreasing temperature. Laminated cracks, the number of which increased with the increase in impact toughness in the low temperature region, were observed and it was suggested that the appearance of these cracks resulted in part of the increase of the impact toughness of this alloy. The spectra of potassium and sodium were detected from the fracture surface of a specimen tested at room temperature. This indicates that a low melting point metal phase seems to affect the impact toughness near room temperature, i.e. this phase seems to produce the liquid metal embrittlement locally at the grain boundary.MST/787


For the reliability and predictability requirements of embedded systems,this paper proposed MDA-based method to formal describe MARTE,which was a modeling language for embedded systems.It established Object-Z metamodel,and defined model transformation relationship between MARTE metamodel and Object-Z metamodel.It also presented the specific process of semantic mapping and the syntax conversion between MARTE model and Object-Z model.The method supported the formal translation between MARTE model and Object-Z model,it was helpful to test and verify in the early stage of the software development.


This study investigated the utility of standardised assessment of personality abbreviated scale (SAPAS) and the offender assessment system (OASys) personality disorder screen in a sample of 447 probationers being supervised in the community. Comparisons were made between the two measures, their relationship with recidivism risk and other markers of personality dysfunction drawn from probation records. There was limited agreement between the two screens. The SAPAS showed no relationship with recidivism risk and was predicted by suicide/self-harm and difficulties coping. The OASys PD screen demonstrated a strong relationship with risk and was predicted by alcohol problems and problems from childhood. The proportion of offenders meeting the cut-off on both screens is reported. The results suggest the SAPAS should be used in combination with the OASys PD screen in probation, to enhance sensitivity to antisocial cases and incorporate information about risk.


Fiscal decentralization has been being a common phenomenon of every country. The development of the fiscal decentralization theory also diversifies. Different scholars make research on the issue from different perspectives. They mainly focus on the reason of fiscal decentralization, the influence of fiscal decentralization, the optimal degree of fiscal decentralization. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the fiscal decentralization theory and its development, and makes some remarks on the issue.


Objectives: This article focuses on improving the convergence rate and reducing the number of operations used to train the Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this paper, two modifications are suggested to train an adaptive filter using the LMS algorithm; one is based on initialization of weights and another on early termination of the training of a sequence. Findings: The optimum weights of an adaptive filter are found by initializing the weights by zeros, providing several random sequences as input and updating the weights according to the error. Moreover, the weights are continuously updated for the entire sequence even if the weights have been converged. In the proposed algorithm, the weights are initialized with zeros only once for the first sequence. The optimum weights obtained for a sequence are used as initial weights for the subsequent sequence to improve the convergence rate. Further, to reduce the number of operations, the weight update process for a sequence is terminated when the error is below some prescribed threshold. Applications/Improvements: Results shows that by making these modifications, the rate of convergence increases and number of multiplications decrease.


Abstract This study examines whether audit firm industry specialization and audit report time lag (ARL) matter in the audit fees puzzle. Specifically, we examine the moderating effect of audit time lag on the audit firm industry specialization and audit fees nexus. We use dataset from 100 quoted and unquoted Ghanaian firms from 2008 to 2018. We find that audit firm industry specialization exhibits a significant positive impact on audit fees and a significant negative effect on ARL. The results of the interaction between audit firm industry specialization and ARL also display a negative association with audit fee, signifying that specialization significantly reduces audit fee premium paid provided these experts produce the financial report in a short time. Further analysis on large and small companies, state-owned and private companies, weak and strong internal controls also indicate the significance of audit firm industry specialization and reporting time lag in explaining audit pricing puzzle. The novelty aspect of this study is the analysis of the moderation effect of audit timeliness on the audit firm industry specialization and audit fees nexus in the context of a lax enforcement of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles environment.


Purpose: Adiponectin is an insulin-sensitizing hormone produced from adipose tissue, which is reduced in a number of metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus (T2DM), adipositas and metabolic syndrome. It is also believed to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects on cardiovascular (CV) tissue possibly acting against arteriosclerosis. Accordingly we investigated whether plasma adiponectin was associated with risk of developing T2DM and subsequently CV-events.

Methods: We prospectively followed 5.359 randomly selected healthy men and women from the community without diabetes and CV-disease. Plasma adiponectin was measured at the beginning of the study. Median follow-up time was 7.8 years (IQR: 7.3-8.3years). During follow-up 135 participants developed T2DM requiring medical therapy. Following their diagnosis of T2DM 30 of the 135 participants had a CV-event (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke or CV-death).

Results: Participants with increasing adiponectin had reduced risk of developing T2DM (p<0.001). After adjustment for confounding risk factors (including age, gender, BMI, glucose, HbA1c, blood pressure, lipids, current smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, hsCRP, eGFR and pro-BNP) by Cox-regression analysis, adiponectin remained an independent predictor of T2DM: hazard ratio for each doubling of adiponectin: 0.56 (95% CI 0.41-0.75; p<0.001).

After development of T2DM, risk of CV-event increased threefold, however, increasing adiponectin (adjusted for confounding risk factors) was associated with reduced incidence of CV-events, HR: 0.29 (95% CI 0.13-0.64; p=0.002) for each doubling in plasma adiponectin.

![Figure][1]

Age and gender adjusted risk of T2DM

Conclusions: In conclusion, increasing plasma adiponectin is associated with reduced risk of T2DM and subsequently reduced cardiovascular events.

 [1]: pending:yes


Graphs in real life applications are often huge, such as the Web graph and various social networks. These massive graphs are often stored and processed in distributed sites. In this paper, we study graph algorithms that adopt Google's Pregel, an iterative vertex-centric framework for graph processing in the Cloud. We first identify a set of desirable properties of an efficient Pregel algorithm, such as linear space, communication and computation cost per iteration, and logarithmic number of iterations. We define such an algorithm as a practical Pregel algorithm (PPA). We then propose PPAs for computing connected components (CCs), biconnected components (BCCs) and strongly connected components (SCCs). The PPAs for computing BCCs and SCCs use the PPAs of many fundamental graph problems as building blocks, which are of interest by themselves. Extensive experiments over large real graphs verified the efficiency of our algorithms.


The documentary The Act of Killing adopts a novel experimental approach to mass atrocity. Perpetrators of Cold War era anti-communist purges in Indonesia are invited to narrate their acts through familiar film genres. The resulting narrative appears to fit within the ideology of transitional justice, with its emphasis on practices of healing, remorse and redemption. Yet the structural dimensions of violence remain unaddressed within this frame. The moral economy of affect and empathy displaces a political analysis of enduring power imbalances and ongoing injustice.


We develop a mathematical model to describe the system where a dilute granular flow is deflected by an oblique smooth wall. Both particles in the granular flow and the oblique wall experience inelastic collisions with other particles. An analytical solution for the mean force experienced by the wall is obtained through the derivation based on the mathematical model and probability theory. Our theory shows that large angle between the wall and the granular flow may decrease the force experienced by the wall. This is opposite to one's intuition that large deflected angle implies large force. It is probable particle collisions and scattering after the deflection that prevent the wall from experiencing a further strong impact, thus the wall experience less force.


The invention provides a train control center system platform comprising a first subsystem and a second subsystem. The first subsystem and the second subsystem respectively comprises main processing units (MPUs), communication interface units (CIUs), discrete input-output (DIO) units, power supply unit (PSUs) and vital supervision units (VSUs), wherein the MPUs comprise a first MPU 1 and a second MPU 2, the CIUs comprise a first CIU 1 and a second CIU 2, the DIO units comprise a first DIO unit 1 and a second DIO unit 2, the VSUs comprises a first VSU 1 and a second VSU 2. In the embodiment of the invention, the requirement of the railway system for a highly reliable and safe train control center system platform can be met.


Safety is an important index for design of initiating explosive devices.Based on the current impulse which is used to describe sensitivity of initiating explosive devices,a method for safety design of bridge-wire electric explosive device is put forward.With the method,we can make products to meet the requirement of safety under a certain margin.An example is given and it shows that this method is feasible for safety design of bridge-wire electric explosive device.