The objective of this research is to investigate the industrial potentials of Jalingo clay. Chemical analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) as well as a number of physical tests was carried out on the clay samples to determine its suitability for use in different industries. The results of the chemical analysis show Jalingo clay contains 61.4% of silica (SiO2) and 19.1% alumina (Al2O3) as the major components. Results of physicals tests include; specific gravity of 2.74, bulk density of 2.02g/cm , apparent porosity of 14.32, firing shrinkage 9.2% refractoriness of 1300C, modulus of rapture 27.64 – 38.92KgF/cm , and thermal shock resistance of 21 cycles. The results obtained shows that Jalingo clay can be used for manufacturing floor tiles and brick due to its high silica content. The refractoriness of Jalingo clay, which falls short of the standard, can only be used in the processing of materials which melting points do not exceed 1300C.The thermal shock resistance of the Jalingo clay would also restrict its use to lining of ladles and slag pots. Keywords— Jalingo, Clay, Refractory, Fireclay, Industrial uses.


Objective:To evaluate the clinical therapeutic effect of respiratory system emergency by Chuankezhi injection.Method:Eighty-six patients with acute respiratory system,were randomly divided into treatment group and control group,44 cases in treatment group,42 cases in the control group.Control group was received conventional oxygen,antiinflammatory,symptomatic of treatment.The treatment group patients were intramuscularly injected Chuankezhi injections 4 mL·d-1,7 days being a course of treatment.The symptoms and signs,such as asthma,cough,and supporting test results were observed before and after treatment.Result:Total effective rate was 88.64% in the treatment group and 66.67% in the control group,and obvious difference appeared between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusion:The effective was of Chuankezhi injection in respiratory system emergency is significant.


Background. Approximately 140,000 new cases of colorectal carcinoma will be diagnosed in 1995 in the United States, and more than one‐third of these patients will die from progressive disease. Despite the modest improvement in response rate with chemotherapy, little improvement in patient survival has been noted. Consequently, the evaluation of new agents, modalities, and combinations is needed.


Introduction In present fusion experiments carbon is the most common first wall material. Graphite offers excellent thermo mechanical and electrical properties. But carbon is strongly eroded, which leads to the formation of deposition layers, which will contain a significant amount of tritium and cause safety problems. To understand the deposition processes laboratory experiments on a-C:H layers growths are not sufficient, only experiments in fusion devices match all relevant processes at the same time. A combined experiment was realised to investigate the carbon layer formation at the complete divertor region of ASDEX Upgrade (Fig. 1). The deposition and erosion on the target plates has been measured by Re/C marker stripes. Up to 35 Si wafer and 5 cavity probes were mounted as deposition monitors at remote areas. The markers cover almost all relevant regions providing high spatial but no temporal resolution. To investigate the layer formation processes time resolved measurements using quartz microbalance monitors, 13CH4 puffing, Langmuir probes and residual gas analyDivertor IIb


(57) Abstract: electrospray apparatus microchip-based, discloses an electric spray system, and a manufacturing method thereof. Electrospray device (250) includes a substrate to form a flow path (224) between the inlet opening on the inlet face and the outlet opening of the discharge surface (200), is concave relative to the ejection surface, a nozzle (232) which is formed by the portion surrounding the outlet opening, and a field generating source for applying a potential to the substrate so as to generate and optimize the electrospray (262). Method and system for generating a plurality of electrospray from a single fluid stream resulting in ionic strength as measured by substantially proportional to the mass spectrometer to the number of electrospray plume formed for the analyte contained in the fluid to disclose. To generate a plurality of electrospray plume (262) from a plurality of nozzles of the same fluid flow (232), a plurality of electric spray nozzle device (232) can be used in the form of a small nozzle array. The present invention greatly enhances the sensitivity of the microchip electrospray device (250) as compared to systems and methods have been disclosed.


This study aims to detect financial literacy and public welfare by factor analysis. The results show that the financial literacy has 12 important factors, namely, old age, financial education, financial experience, business financial budgeting, economic behavior, financial attitude, gender, financial behavior, self control, government policy, financial socialization from the government and family financial budgeting. Whereas the welfare factor of the community is the necessity of life and well-established economy. There are four pillars that must carry out both short-term and medium-term,long term finance, namely the government including bank and non-bank financial institutions, small-scale business enterprises, academics and medium and large-scale business actors in the effort to implement Corporate Social Responsibility  programs. Activities that can be carried out by academics are in the form of training assistance so that they can prepare financial reports and audit in the long term while the government facilitates access to capital, apprenticeship to medium and large scale industries, regulation of licensing facilities.


illustrations and maps. The editors inserted 'History Alive' segments that further explain some specific events. Some parts of this work are encyclopedic – short summaries or definitions explaining who the 'Balt Tribes' [sic] were. The appendices are especially informative. Curiously, the book included an insert with a family tree on the back inside cover, by which the contributors can trace their ancestry from the fifteenth century. Scholars may use this work for quick reference, but these well-intentioned Lithuanian patriots have turned this book into an appeasement to the various prejudices of the multitude of diaspora contributors. In addition to the book's biases, there are too many inconsistencies and writing errors to list. Once again, for a quick reference, the somewhat dated Encyclopedia Lituanica remains the best reference.


design plans and 248 black-and-white photographs accompany the text. There are also three pages each of notes and sources consulted during writing. Given that most of it is essentially a sketchily held loss register, the book is a fine example of the notorious exploitation of the aforementioned standard reference works by simply rearranging extracted information without adding new facts. Even worse, additional errors and typos have been added in the translated edition to the appalling number of mistakes in the original German edition, reflecting both lack of expertise and sloppy proof reading by the editor. Confusingly, several commissioned U-boats are missing in the lists and the large number of boats ordered but cancelled before keel laying, broken up before completion or left incomplete at the cessation of hostilities, are totally omitted. The best part of the book is the short chapter on the different propulsion systems used on U-boats over the years, but apart from this it is hard to find anything not previouslypublished in better works. Most of the photographs are unimpressive and sometimes suffer from incorrect captions. Clearly the authors failed to live up to the title of the book. Readers are therefore strongly encouraged to refer back to the known standard works on the subject.


This theme is developed for Machine Shops Mechanical has been providing its services since 2000 and is currently developing projects and foreign investment. The workshop based processes as set out in the Quality Management Manual of the company. This is detailed in the respective procedures for the improvement of each of the processes at work in the workshop and to guarantee customer satisfaction and continuous improvement in the activities. But, because of which it considers the ecosystem affected by the construction of metal structures as a source of diversity, and worried about the lack of control in the environmental field, has seen fit to implement an Environmental Management System to achieve sustainable, meet the needs of its customers without compromising the natural resources of future generations. This article explains the development of environmental management manual, which discusses the initial state of the workshop, detailing the manufacturing of metal structures, environmental aspects and impacts that they generate and propose alternatives to reduce the environmental impacts by them, in order to achieve an environmentally friendly production, and comply with the provisions of ISO 14001.


In this paper,a comparative review of the current technological methods so far used to produce biodiesel has been investigated.Four primary approaches to make biodiesel are direct use and blending of oils,micro-emulsions,thermal cracking and transesterification.Transesterification reaction is the most common method in the production of biodiesel.The two types of transesterification process(catalytic and non-catalytic) are discussed at length in the paper.Both advantages and disadvantages of the different biodiesel production methods are also discussed.


After a short general introduction to Monte Carlo simulation techniques and the mathematical formulation of necessary stochastic variables, various waste-to-energy plant configurations are studied using Monte Carlo simulation. A method for predicting long-term plant technical performance which considers the statistical nature of waste deliveries and plant operations is presented. The worked examples investigate trade-offs between capacity and redundancy design parameters. The results can be combined with standard cost engineering techniques to quantify plant economic performance. 5 refs.


Advanced software systems are providing new tools to improve both customer service and asset utilization. For example, the system can help the railroad locate a car more quickly and closer to its destination. As a whole, the new systems provide keys to some of rail management's most pressing problems. Maximizing asset utilization is essential in this capital intensive industry, and providing customers with service of the highest quality is the key to top line growth.


The channel capacity of wireless networks Is often studied under the assumption that the communicating nodes have perfect channel-state information and that interference is always present. In this paper, we study the channel capacity of a wireless network without these assumptions, i.e., a bursty noncoherent wireless network where the users are grouped in cells and the base-station features several receive antennas. We demonstrate that the channel capacity is bounded in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when the number of receive antennas is finite and the probability of presence of interference is strictly positive.


An all-solid tailorable energy textile which is called tailorable textile device has been presented which is used for solar energy harvesting and storage simultaneously. The new technique allows us to design various shape and style by tailoring multifunctional textile without impeding its performance, which is used in producing of smart energy garment and provided wearable selfpowering system. The fiber electrodes that form the threads can be produced in large scale and they could be woven to make energy textile. The energy storage module is a tailorable, ultrahigh bending resistance, with an ultra-charge capability is the fiber super capacitor, and the solar energy harvesting module is an all-solid dye-sensitized solar cell textile. This textile sample is able to be fully charged to 1.2 V during 17 second using self-harvesting solar energy, and at a discharge current density of 0.1 mA it could be discharged within 78 seconds.


Value Engineering is a study science of how to achieve the necessary functions of the products in the lowest costs,thereby to enhance the value of the products.At present,Construction enterprises are to win in the competition, the key is to cultivate the low-cost advantages.This paper applies the value engineering principles to the project cost control system,on the implementation of the project through the various stages of value engineering analysis in order to reduce construction costs purpose and examples demonstrate.


Throughout the second half of the sixteenth century, the scholar and collector Gian Vincenzo Pinelli (1535–1601) welcomed poets, mathematicians, antiquarians, and astronomers from every corner of Europe to his vast private library in Padua. These scholars left their mark on Pinelli's collection, annotating his manuscripts, trading texts, and even making contributions of their very own to his library. This article considers the English and Scottish scholars who visited Pinelli's collection and the works they gifted to Pinelli. These manuscripts, now preserved at the Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan, include an impressive breadth of material, ranging from treatises on England's schism with Rome to verse commemorating the deaths of fellow scholar–poets. Pinelli, it emerges, was not only hosting scholars from England and Scotland, but also gathering reports, discourses, and what was in many cases highly sensitive intelligence on both nations. These manuscripts thus bear witness to the importance of the Italian private library to the transmission of both ideas and physical texts across the Continent, shining new light on a literary culture that was able to cross and transcend national boundaries.


The historic city situated on the shores of the Danube occupied an enviable geographic position that attracted the numerous concertizing violin virtuosi. Always an important waterway, the famous river formed one of the main arteries of travel in the 18th and 19th centuries, and when on the way north or south between Italy and Germany, all the concert players stopped at Vienna to display their gifts. From Italy came Ferrari, Lolli, Mestrino and Paganini; from France, Rudolf Kreutzer, Pierre Rode and Pierre Baillot; and Ludwig Spohr's two year sojourn could not but inspire violin playing and enhance the Viennese School of Violinists which became more and more noted as time went on. Perhaps to Anton Wratnitzky (17611819) may be awarded the place as founder of the Viennese School of Violin Playing which traditionally always had a certain lightness, grace, elegance and refinement born of the inherent, fascinatingly rhythmic pulse that measured the very lives of the people of Vienna. Concurrently with the lives of Haydn (1732-1809) , Dittersdorf (1739-99) , Mozart (1756-91), Schubert (17971828) and Beethoven (1772-1827)men who had made Vienna the veritable cradle of chamber music-the development of violin playing was eagerly fostered in the Austrian capital. The masters themselves were inspired string players. Especially, Dittersdorf, was one of the most distinguished violinists of Vienna, and from the classes of Wratnitzky arose Joseph Mayseder (17891861) and the renowned Ignaz Schuppanzigh (1776-1830). The former possessed a technique of the most finished character, and bowed with a supreme elegance that won the plaudits of Spohr, Paganini and later Joachim; and the latter became the close associate of Beethoven in the first readings of many of that composer's string quartets. Sohuppanzigh played a memorable part in Viennese musical life and in violin history in general. As the viola teacher of Beethoven he already at sixteen was leader of the Boys Quartet for whom Beethoven wrote his first series of quartets (Op, 18). He was destined thereafter to be constantly playing the Beethoven Quartets before the ink was quite dry, and because of his huge frame he became the butt of Beethoven's jests, who referred to him as "Milord Falstaff." The three quartet episodes in the career of Schuppanzigh are as follows:


Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells (JTC-11) reported here have been cultured in vitro for more than 3 years by pipetting, using 80% YLE+20% Bovine serum (final concentration: yeast exract 0.08%, lactalbumin hydrolysate 0.4%) as the medium. As the results of tissue culture experiments concerning the characteristics of this strain, I obtained the following conclusion. 1) This (JTC-11) K-Strain is the easiest group of acutual animal malignant tissue culture strains in points of cell preservation, culture-method (pipetting), stability, medium-unchanging during one subculture term, inoculum size and adhesion on the glass surface. 2) The proliferation rate is the greatest (about 2000 times for 8 days) and even a small number of cells have the ability of proliferation. 3) After the intraperitoneal reinoculation into female mice with more than 1.6×10(4) this strain cells, all the mice died by the tumor. Accordingly tumor producing capacity has been strongly preserved after a lapse of 3 years. 4) The strain-character (Sato) of this K-strain cells has still remained after in vivo 100 days transplantion through Cb-mice (Experiments of retissue-culture). 5) This K-strain cells have a interesting form, namely the small sucker-form podia appear at the tip of the processes.


In Wang et al. (J. Optim. Theory Appl., 181: 216–230, 2019), a class of effective modified Newton-tpye (MN) iteration methods are proposed for solving the generalized absolute value equations (GAVE) and it has been found that the MN iteration method involves the classical Picard iteration method as a special case. In the present paper, it will be claimed that a Douglas-Rachford splitting method for AVE is also a special case of the MN method. In addition, a class of inexact MN (IMN) iteration methods are developed to solve GAVE. Linear convergence of the IMN method is established and some specific sufficient conditions are presented for symmetric positive definite coefficient matrix. Numerical results are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the IMN iteration method. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 65F10, 65H10, 90C30


Armenia can be considered as the Switzerland of the Caucasus, both having a mountainous, lacustrine, and landlocked territory. Armenia's current borders have been unable to contain the marvels of its ancient civilization; of its scattered nationality; and its historical heritage. The solidity of its culture has clashed during centuries with an unstable surrounding environment, as the Caucasus has been an area of confluence and contrasts. Historically Armenia has been a country located between empires, the Romans and the Parthians; the Arab and the Byzantine, and found itself "as a vessel of fragile earthenware, obliged to journey in company with many vessels of iron." Thus, Armenia has been a country between empires, but also a country linking empires; a nation between clashing cultures, but also a nation linking cultures, and people. Armenia, then, has been a launching pad for a new beginning; it will be the aim of this paper to find out if Armenia also marks a new interpretation of current policies linking development and security concerns. The background of what makes Armenia the focus of this paper is the management of its national security strategy permeated by its foreign policy of complementarity. This 360 degree foreign policy bears the influence and the balance of power between the different players in the Caucasian region. This might be the reason why, in recent years, Armenia has chosen a path of defense reforms supported by NATO but which contains the technical language of Security Sector Reform (SSR) policies. In this case, this conceptual complementarity does not aim at bridging a Cold War divide, but a policy divide whose reasons need investigation. The objective of this paper is to clarify why the Armenia's defense reform has included the language of SSR policies without actually implementing these policies. I contend that being able to "talking SSR" has become synonymous of talking the language of democracy. Armenia needs this conceptual complementarity for reassuring the West about the capacity of its democratic structures to manage the defense sector, while serving its national interests of having an army capable of facing military threats. Ultimately, this is indeed the strength of the SSR-language when it is used outside a SSR-framework: it becomes an onomatopoeic policy sound of reassurance for Western-type democratic states.


The renal clearance of furosemide and tetraethylammonium (TEA) were compared in 10 patients with hypertensive nephropathy. BUN and creatinine ranges were 10 to 88 mg/dl and 0.9 to 3.8 mg/dl, respectively. Diuretics were discontinued 48 hr prior to the study, and 2 consecutive clearances (ml/min/1.73 m2BSA) of creatinine were performed. The patient then received a bolus followed by a constant infusion of furosemide‐14C and tetraethylammonium‐14C (analyzed by specijic methodology for plasma and urine), both in subpharmacologic doses. After 40‐min equilibration sequential 20‐min clearance periods were obtained. Both the clearance of furosemide (range 17 to 133) and TEA (range 99 to 443) correlated negatively with BUN and serum creatinine and positively with creatinine and urea clearances. Thus, by using a constant‐infusion technique we demonstrated that the renal clearance of furosemide is depressed by azotemia in man and that there was greater depression with furosemide than with TEA.


In this work, the author introduces new generalization of Gegenbauer polynomials of one and two variables by considering new extended gamma function defined by MacDonald function. Certain properties of this new generalized Gegenbauer polynomials like integral formulas, Mellin transform, recurrence relationsand generating function are presented and investigated.


This article demonstrates all-digital tuning and dynamic control of feedback compensator in digital low drop out regulators to enhance the transient performance under process and passive variations, aging, and load changes. The measured results from a 130-nm CMOS test-chip shows 2.1× improvement in transient performance under process variations and 30% improvement for aging-induced degradations. We demonstrate 55-ns setting time for a 5 to 45 mA load step in 100 ps, with 97.8% peak current efficiency.


Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been a strong candidate to support massive connectivity in future wireless networks. In this regard, its implementation into cooperative relaying, named cooperative-NOMA (CNOMA), has received tremendous attention from researchers. However, most of the existing CNOMA studies have failed to address practical constraints since they assume ideal conditions. Particularly, the error performance of CNOMA schemes with imperfections has not been investigated yet. In this paper, we provide an analytical framework for error and outage performance of CNOMA schemes under practical assumptions where we take into account imperfect successive interference canceler (ipSIC), imperfect channel state information (ipCSI), and hardware impairments (HWI) at the transceivers. We derive analytical expressions of bit error rate (BER) expressions in CNOMA schemes whether the direct links between source and users exist or not which is, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the first study in the open literature. We also derive the outage probability (OP) expressions for CNOMA schemes with and without direct links under practical assumptions. For comparisons, we provide BER and OP expressions for downlink NOMA with practical constraints which also have not been given in the literature, yet. The theoretical BER and OP expressions are validated with computer simulations where the perfect match is observed. Finally, we discuss the effects of the system parameters (e.g., power allocation, HWI level, ipCSI factor) on the performance of CNOMA schemes to reveal fruitful insights for society. The results demonstrate that the HWI, ipCSI and ipSIC have a significant effect on the performance of the systems.


Urban expansion is a global phenomenon during which many common spaces, often with complex histories of governance and stewardships become redefined within prevailing notions of urbanity. However, such commons often pose challenges that result in conflict with respect to their use, management, and ownership. In this paper, we use the example of a lake in the South Indian megapolis of Bengaluru (formerly Bangalore) to look at different changing notions of urban commons pictured against a backdrop of rapid urbanization, migration, and landscape change. We look at conflicts at each period of change and argue that many of these have shaped the landscape of today and perhaps may be responsible for current notions of ownership associated with the landscape. We combine landscape change analysis through geospatial means along with official archival records, oral narratives, and secondary information sources to describe gradual loss of an urban commons. We then pose that knowledge of historical contexts of access to ecosystem services, exclusion, conflict, and the mechanisms of conflict resolution around urban commons can help understand trends in contemporary management of commons. This knowledge would help shape more equitable and ecologically robust policy frameworks that govern these vulnerable resources.


Real-time database systems (RTDBSs) associate the concept of deadlines with transaction executions. To preserve data integrity, a RTDBS requires concurrency control protocols to synchronise transactions to access shared data. Thus, the goal of scheduling in RTDBSs is twofold: to meet timing constraints (deadlines) of the transactions and to enforce data consistency. In this paper, we investigate the performance of optimistic concurrency control (OCC) and some of its variants in a firm RTDBS under different system resource-related assumptions and we compare its performance with a locking-based scheme and a hybrid scheme (optimistic locking).


The invention relates to a vibration damping unit (1) for damping vibrations and pulsations in a flowing medium. The inventive unit achieves an especially space-saving arrangement, in particular for hydraulic, slip-controlled braking systems in motor vehicles by the provision of a pressure sensor (9) on the vibration damping unit (1).


When Jules Verne published his adventure novel, Around the World in Eighty Days in 1873, little did he know that the title would galvanize a whole new way of constructing the world. Perhaps the wittiest of its legacies was the chiasmus developed by French-Argentinian writer, Julio Cortázar (1986/1967) for his Around the Day in Eighty Worlds. Little did Cortázar know that this spin might serve as a powerful antidote (Schaffer 2013) to Neil MacGregor's A History of the World in 100 Objects (2010), a book I revisited recently in the context of an examination of the instruments that help construct the idea of "Islamic heritage." The book and its accompanying BBC Radio 4 program were a resounding success with the British and international public. With the ambition to provide a global outlook and present history solely through the lens of objects, it conveyed at its core the idea that there is never one version of history that is "handed down to us." Instead, various versions of history are compiled in such a way that they add up to a greater truth about the world. The argument, however, had its flaws. Some critics felt—ironically—that the British Museum itself was "handing history down" to the public, and with noted exclusions. Many saw this as confirmation that colonialism resulted in not just inequalities of power but also a distorted view of history—through the stories that are written about nations, peoples and their material culture. Others pointed to a failure to engage with the controversial topic of the return of artifacts in European museums to their indigenous stewards. Above all, the objects largely lacked a comprehensive itinerary, with narratives ignoring almost completely the provenance of objects as part of their "life journey" and instead reinstating the idea of a "view from nowhere" and everywhere at the same time—the museum as a place to see the world; yet with little reflection on what an object's life looked like before its "discovery," or how the museum obtained and reframed these objects in order to create its own seemingly universal narrative. Nearly ten years after its release I revisited this narrative through the book and its accompanying website, and in particular considered the formerly subaltern voices and itineraries it overlooked and marginalized. How was vernacular and indigenous knowledge presented? Who was at the center of 100 Objects' narratives and who was relegated to the margins? Where was movement thematized, if at all? How was knowledge about an object informed by collecting practices? What are the categories that the museum used, for example, to represent Islam? In 100 Objects, around fifteen objects represent the material culture of the subtheme "religion," in which Islam is represented with a couple of objects: firstly, two gold coins of Abd al-Malik that capture the moment "when the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad were transforming the Middle East forever" and "the Syrian capital Damascus was rapidly becoming the center of a new Islamic empire," and second, a religious parade standard from Shia Iran. Both objects give a strikingly different impression of Islamic heritage. Even though coins stand for vernacularization and movement per se, they are captured here as stable cultural objects that clearly mark the starting point for the spread of Islam; an Islam, according to MacGregor, suspicious of human images in the public arena for "well over a thousand years" (MacGregor 2010, 254). On the other hand, a parade standard, an object mainly carried at the front of Shia processions, is used in this assemblage as a symbol of religious tolerance in sixteenth-century Iran, an empire open to the coexistence of faiths. Driven by these interpretations, I turn to the book's index, an often-neglected section that nonetheless speaks about the author, the discourses they value, and the categories they use. Surprisingly, this index does not even list a key word for "Islam." The closest entry is:


Rice (Oryza sativa L.) 2n=24, FamilyPoaceae is the world's most important staple food crop, which not only provide food but also influenced traditions, religions, culture and life style since Vedic period. Rice is grown over an area of 153.76 m. ha with production of 598.85 m.t. in the world (FAO, 2012). Drought stress is the major constraint to rice production and yield stability in the rainfed regions, affecting 19 million ha of upland and over 14 m ha of rainfed lowland rice. In drought prone environment breeding programme must combine selection under stress condition with selection for yield potential because farmers want cultivars that are both drought-tolerant and have high yield potential in favourable years Evidence indicates that these goals are not mutually exclusive. There is a moderate to large positive correlation between yield under drought stress and yield potential under favourable condition. To achieve such goals the investigation was conducted at Experimental Farm, College of Agriculture, Rewa (M.P.) under Rice Improvement Project with 65 genotypes in D2 statistics with three replications during Kharif 2014. Findings revealed that highest contribution towards the genetic diversity of rice genotypes was contributed Under control condition by panicle weight, grain yield per hectare, days to 50% heading, sterility per cent, no. of panicles per meter, no. of grains per panicle and biological yield, whereas in rainfed stress condition the characters like sterility per cent followed by grain yield per meter, days to 50% heading, test weight, panicle weight, biological weight per meter and no. of grains per panicle.


Solid forms of certain opioid agonists are provided herein. Methods of preparing the solid forms, methods of using the solid forms, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the solid forms are also provided herein.


Background : The cardiovascular syndrome X includes chest pain with positive stress test, and coronary arteries that appear normal in angiography with possible extra cardiac causes of chest pain, ruled out. The aim of the study is to evaluate the correlation between TIMI flow, contractile reserve and the coronary flow reserve in patients with cardiac syndrome X using TTDE. Methods: 60 patients with cardiac syndrome X, and 30 individuals as a control. All studied individuals were subjected to full history taking, full clinical examination, routine laboratory examination, resting ECG, treadmill stress ECG, Dobutamine stress echocardiogram and Transthoracic Doppler Echocardiogram . Results: all individuals were referred to TTDE and DSE in cardiac unit of Zagazig University Hospital from January 2017 to March 2019. The patients group showed a significant decrease in contractile reserve, a highly significant lower value of a percentage change of MAPSE with p value <0.007. The decrease of CFVR was associated with an increase of exercise time, ST segment depression and Postrecovery time. The decrease of CFVR was associated with the decrease of MAPSE during maximum dose of dobutamine. With a highly significant relationship between the decrease CFVR and the percentage decrease of MAPSE. CONCLUSION : The impaired coronary microvascular function could be correlated with a MAPSE reserve as a contractile reserve marker for CMVD and a highly positive results of exercise ECG.


We have grown MgB/sub 2/ films at different substrate temperatures by hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition. X-ray diffraction analysis shows epitaxial growth at all temperatures, as measured at the substrate surface, between 550-700/spl deg/C. An optimal deposition temperature was found around 650/spl deg/C, at which the rocking curve is the narrowest, the residual resistivity is the lowest, and T/sub c/ is the highest. For the films deposited at lower temperatures, the rocking curve broadens, indicating a decreasing quality of crystallinity. The residual resistivity increases but the superconducting transition temperature remains nearly constant around 40 K when the deposition temperature is decreased to 550/spl deg/C. The deposition of epitaxial films with excellent superconducting properties at low substrate temperatures is important for device and circuit processing utilizing MgB/sub 2/.


To combat Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) in mobile OFDM systems, ICI can be reconstructed and removed from the received signal with the aid of channel estimation and decision-feedback. Successful ICI cancellation hinges on accurate channel estimation, which includes both the channel gains and ICI gains, the multiplicative coefficients to the neighbor subcarrier signals representing their power leakage. The channel estimation methods based on the statistical property of the ICI gains were previously proposed by the authors. In this paper, we propose improved ICI gain estimation scheme exploiting the sparse property of the multipath fading channels. The scaling relationship between ICI gain vectors is also further exploited to significantly improve the performance of ICI gain estimation.


The majority of drugs currently used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) act on a small number of immunomodulatory targets. We applied an integrative biomedical-informatics-based approach and in vivo testing to identify new drug candidates and potential therapeutic targets that could form the basis for future drug development in RA. A computational model of RA was constructed by integrating patient gene expression data, molecular interactions, and clinical drug-disease associations. Drug candidates were scored based on their predicted efficacy across these data types. Ten high-scoring candidates were subsequently screened in a collagen-induced arthritis model of RA. Treatment with exenatide, olopatadine, and TXR-112 significantly improved multiple preclinical endpoints, including animal mobility which was measured using a novel digital platform. These three drug candidates do not act on common RA therapeutic targets; however, links between known candidate pharmacology and pathological processes involved in RA suggest hypothetical mechanisms contributing to the observed efficacy.


Objective To study the influence of jinkuishenqiwan on myelosuppression in mice induced by cyclophosphamide. Methods 30 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: the model control,the jinkuishenqiwan group and the blank control,which were administrated by gavage with jinkuishenqiwan 0.125 mL·d-1,the same volume of distilled water for 10 days,respectively.The model was established by injecting cyclophosphamide for 3 consecutive days at 40 mg·kg-1 daily.Thereafter,the bone marrow hematoplast and bone marrow cell micronucleus were observed and analyzed. Results Jinkuishenqiwan significantly inhibited the decrease of mouse bone marrow hematoplast and the increase of bone marrow cell micronucleus ratio caused by cyclophosphamide(P0.01). Conclusion Jinkuishenqiwan could relieve the mice myelosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide.


An "electronic nose" based on a low-cost Metal-Oxide sensor-array is developed and tested for the detection of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) of samples of ascomycete Tuber or truffle. Truffles have highly appreciated gastronomical and nutritive merits and they own a variable characteristic aroma depending on their stage of maturation and species. The response of the gas sensors to a variety of truffle samples is monitored. Principal Component Analysis is applied to the extracted feature vectors. The results show that an intelligent odor-discriminating system based on a gas sensor array is possible and can contribute to the identification and classification of truffles. Copyright © 2015 IFSA Publishing, S. L.


Objective:To explore the relationship between SCL-90, EPQ results and learning interest of cadets Method:12,664 cadets from 57 academies in 19 provinces were tested with SCL-90, EPQ and a self-made inventory on learning interest Result:60 5% cadets like their majors, 11 5% dislike that There was no gender difference in learning interest, but learning interest decreased with grades Learning interest was negatively correlated to scores of SCL-90 Compared with those with poor interest, those with strong interests had personality characterized by lower psychoticism and neuroticism, more extraversion and higher lie scores Conclusion: Learning interest is associated with personality and mental health


With this installment we return to a topic that was the focus of this column for several years. The handheld computer market exploded in the late 1990s, with Palm leading the way for many years—especially among health care providers, pharmacists included. Much has changed since then, especially for Palm, which is the focus of this installment. We describe the new Palm Pre, drawing on existing published reports of this soon-to-be-available device.


There are many methods available aiming at studying atmospheric contamination but often their application is limited by problems connected with sample preparation difficulties or an insufficient amount of material for analysis. Therefore, there is an increasing necessity of applying methods which enable a direct solid sample characterization and provide information concerning the state of environmental pollution (SzczepaniakB SzczepaniakB Szynkowska, 2005). Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry are powerful methods allowing a direct observation, comparison and characterization of different spectrum of materials. What is more, a large depth of field gives an opportunity to investigate even three-dimensional objects, which is especially significant in observation of usually very heterogeneous biological samples (Goldstein et al., 1992; Seyama S Seyama, 2003; Szynkowska, 2005). The techniques mentioned above are considered a relatively fast and basically non-destructive approach, which can be successfully used as a complementary method to the wet chemical analysis requiring sample homogenization and dissolution (KempsonS Szynkowska et al., 2008a; Szynkowska et al., 2008b; Williamson et al., 2004). Additionally, XRD technique can be applied in environmental monitoring research to identify crystalline phases of studied samples. Phosphogypsum deposited in the phosphatic fertilizer waste disposal place in Wiślinka near Gdansk (Northern Poland) is a main by-product of a wet process of phosphoric acid production. During the wet process phosphoric acid is produced by the reaction of phosphate rock with sulfuric acid, and then used for the production of phosphatic fertilizers. Phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum obtained in the wet process contain a number of impurities like calcium sulfate dehydrate and HF. For every ton of phosphoric acid obtained even up to 5 tons of this waste by-product are produced. The chemical


Please cite this article as: Zahra K et al., Clinical Efficacy of Hulba (Trigonella foenum graecum Linn.) and Dry Cupping (Hijamat Bila Shurt) in the Management of Primary Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams Ibtidae) '. American Journal of PharmTech Research 2019. Clinical Efficacy of Hulba (Trigonella foenum graecum Linn.) and Dry Cupping (Hijamat Bila Shurt) in the Management of Primary Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams Ibtidae) '


Pedestrian and bicyclist collision risk assessment offers a powerful and informative tool in urban planning applications, and can greatly serve to inform proper placement of improvements and treatment projects. However, sufficiently detailed data regarding pedestrian and bicycle activity are not readily available for many urban areas, and thus the activity levels and collision risk levels must be estimated. This study builds upon other current work by the authors regarding pedestrian and bicycle activity estimation based on centrality and accessibility metrics, and extends the analysis techniques to estimation of pedestrian collision risk. The Safety In Numbers phenomenon, which refers to the observable effect that pedestrians become safer when there are more pedestrians present in a given area, i.e. that the individual per-pedestrian risk of a collision decreases with additional pedestrians, is a readily observed phenomenon that has been studied previously. The effect is investigated and observed in acquired traffic data, as well as estimated data, in Minneapolis, Minnesota.


Abstract System identification deals with the problems of building mathematical models of the systems based on observed input/output data from the systems. Optimal experimental design for system identification to extract the maximum information about the system has been extensively investigated, such as optimal design of input, sampling intervals, pre-filters, etc. In system identification, there are model structure determination and parameter estimation steps, and the optimality criteria for both objects are sometimes conflicting. This leads the necessity of the compromises in the design, i.e., the tradeoffs between the performances in these two steps should be introduced. We investigate in this paper the optimal input design for identification of linear stochastic systems from the viewpoint of multi-objective optimization problem. The Pareto-optimal set of inputs is derived and how it is used in system identification is discussed.


This research aims to know the level of fertilization and hatching rate of tawes fish eggs ( Puntius javanicus ) after cryopreservation sperm in temperature 4 o C. This research has been carried out in the mini laboratory (Meunasah Krueng Village of Beutong Subdistrict Nagan Raya Regency) on 19-20 August 2015. This research is both experimental, using a complete Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 3 replicates. Sperm that is used is the result of storage with the dilution of physiological NaCl and green coconuts water including P 1 0% NaCl only, P 2 3%, P 3 5%, P 4 7% and P 5 9%. The results showed that the addition of green coconut water on sperm storage provides a real effect against fertilization and hatching rate of tawes fish eggs (p < 0.05). The highest levels of fertilization found in the treatment of P 4 (64.3%, 0.7 mL of diluent in green coconut water + physiological NaCl solution), while the lowest fertilization found on P 1 registration (25%, physiological NaCl solution). For the level of hatching rate, the highest value is found in the treatment of P 4 (61.7%), and the lowest is present on the P 1 registration (14.3%).


IR theories of diplomacy tend to focus on how diplomats make gains at the expense of their counterparts. However, modern diplomatic bargains sometimes hinge more on making them palatable to the domestic publics of the negotiating states. In this paper I draw on Erving Goffman's concept of 'impression management' to explain how diplomats sometimes collude against their own publics in order to strike deals. I analyze the diplomacy of the Iranian Hostage Crisis of 1979-1980. During this crisis senior regime officials from the US and Iran colluded in the construction of a theatrical 'scenario,' in which both sides adopted roles and played their parts in the hope that this could satisfy the sentiments of both US and Iranian domestic publics. I argue that the scenario failed due to insufficient teamwork and an unsympathetic audience. In making this argument I challenge common assumptions about the adversarial nature of diplomacy, and the role of domestic audiences in diplomatic outcomes.


Submitted in fulfillment of the academic requirement for the degree of Masters in Applied Sciences: Food Science and Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2018.


A new method was developed to extract the feature parameters of the wear particle image according to the consistency in multi-scale analysis and self-similarity in both wavelet transform and fractal theory. The wavelet transforming approach of wear particle image and fractal dimension algorithm of wavelet transform coefficient are given, and the feature of wear particle image is obtained by means of wavelet decomposition and fractal analysis. The study shows that the fractal dimension of wavelet transform approximate coefficient can reflect the scale and the numbers of wear particles in wear particle image analysis, and can be used as the comprehensive feature parameter in wear particle image analysis.


The model introduced by Ngai to predict the relaxation behavior of condensed matter is used here to derive the expression of thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC). This is done via Ngai's second universality equation and by assuming that the stretching index β is temperature dependent. The four parameters involved in the model can, in principle, be determined from TSDC data. Two parameters are determined for polyisoprene below its glass transition temperature Tg. Furthermore, expressing that a compensation law holds for the α relaxation of polymers around Tg, the variation of β with T is given. This relation leads to a Williams–Landel–Ferry‐type expression of the macroscopic relaxation time near and above Tg, a well‐known experimental observation, and gives a strong support in favor of the model.


Objective: To determine if older patients undergo fewer cardiovascular imaging procedures (CIPs) than younger patients when admitted to a tertiary care academic medical center for an acute myocardial infarction (MI), after adjusting for disease severity and comorbidities.


Real-time condition monitoring and health assessment is of great importance to ensure the safe operation of radar antenna array system. To judge the health status of the antenna array system, this paper presents a health evaluation method based on Entropy Weight Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process. Firstly, at the module level, the integrated indicators obtained from Principal Component Analysis of collected performance parameter data are adopted to design the health factors of T/R module. Then, Entropy Weight Method is applied to determine the weight of the health factors and calculate module health degree. Secondly, at the system level, Analytic Hierarchy Process is adopted to construct the weight matrix of each element to the system level, and the health state of antenna array system is identified through fuzzy evaluation theory. The simulation results verify that the proposed method conforms to expert experience and has a promising application prospect.


This note is concerned with the problem of resource allocation under uncertainty in a research and development laboratory. A distinction is defined between project interrelationships that are specific (or internal) to certain projects and interrelationships resulting from external environmental factors. Formulations are introduced that allow both types of interrelationships to be formally included in a resource allocation optimization model. In the case of external environmental factors, an example is presented and analyzed.


Abstract
 This article describes the morphology, morphometrics, and geographical distribution of the fish parasite, Glugea atherinae infecting fish of the family Atherinidae in coastal southwestern Europe, mostly in brackish water or the sea, infections resulting in tumours mainly in the conjunctive tissue of intestinal wall, but also in the general cavity and other organs. This parasite could be found in France and Spain.


From the requirement of the contemporary business,according to the cultivated demand of information management and system,the special capability that students in the specialty of informant management and system should have is analyzed in this paper and the correspond courses should be brought forward.


In order to improve the quality and efficiency of processing and reduce of cost of the micro holes. The two-degree-of freedom axial-torsional coupling structure dynamic model is established, considering the regenerative chatter phenomenon during the machining of large aspect ratio holes based on the macro drilling dynamics model. The nonlinear time-delay differential dynamic equation is obtained, which corresponds to the above model. The dimensionless parameters and variables are introduced to making linearity and dimensionless of the kinetic equations. The different dynamics parameters are compared and the corresponding stability limit diagrams are obtained to predict stable areas. The change trend of the stability area under various parameter is analyzed. The prediction model was verified theoretically through the time-domain response, and the influence of dynamics parameters on the machining stability was also further analyzed.


First, phenol-formaldehyde (PF) and urea-formaldehyde (UFII) resins were separately conventionally prepared in our laboratory. Also, UF resin synthesized from the acid modified synthesis procedure was synthesized in a purely acid medium of pH 1.0, FU molar ratio of 1.0 and at 50 o C (one-stage acid modified-synthesis procedure). Subsequently, the UF resin II was modified during synthesis by incorporating ethylated urea-ether (EUER) (i.e. UFIII) and glycerol (GLYC) (i.e. UFV) cured with and without acid curing agent. The structural and physicochemical analyses of the various resin samples were carried out. The results showed that the unmodified UF resin (UF II) synthesized in acid medium of pH 1.0, F/U molar ratio 1.0, and at 50 o C, cured in absence of acid curing catalyst, showed features in their spectra which are consistent with a tri-, and/or tetra-substituted urea in the reaction to give a 3-dimensional network cured UF resin. Modification of the UF resin(UF II) with ethylated urea-ether and glycerol to produce UF resins III and respectively V prominently increased the absorbance of methylene and ether groups in the spectra which are consistent with increased hydrophobicity and improved hydrolytic stability. For the conventional UF resin (UF I), the only clear distinction between spectra for the UF resin II and UF resins (III/V) is the presence of diminished peaks for methylene groups at 2.2 ppm. The 122 relationship between the logarithmic viscosity of cured PF resin with time showed continuos dependence of viscosity with time during cure up to 70 minutes. Similar trends were shown by UF resins (III/V), cured in absence of acid catalyst. In contrast, the conventional UF resins I and UF IV (i.e. UF II cured with NH 4 CL) showed abrupt discontinuity in viscosity with time just after about 20 minutes of cure.


Aim: This paper intends to highlight and review the traits of the person-centred clinical supervision model. This model is different to 'mentoring' supervision models. Specifically, the person-centred model has a minimal degree of directivity when compared to educative, teaching and judgemental supervision models, as the supervisor is not a 'wise' expert. S(he) works with trust, empathy, warmth, safety and genuineness within the supervisee's frame of reference, thus facilitating the supervisee's experiential learning and development. Discussion: Details of the aim, goals and tasks of person-centred supervision are explored, and the essential differences from other supervision models are discussed. Areas of ethical concern receive particular exploration. This paper proposes areas of experiential learning that would be helpful if elaborated within the supervisory context. Conclusion: The person-centred supervision model is focused on the supervisee's personal and professional development. It necessitates a collaborative perspective to facilitate reflection and conceptualisation, trusting the supervisee's internal power and resources.


Objective To evaluate the reliability of serum creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB) content determined by electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and its activity by enzymology assay in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction( AMI). Methods Serum CK-MB content and its activity were determined by ECL and enzymology respectively in 25 AMI patients, 20 non-AMI patients, and 30 healthy persons. Results CK-MB activity and content in serum of AMI patients reached peak at the same time, and were significantly higher than that of non-AMI patients and healthy persons, the difference was significant (F=9.81, q=10.58-15.09, P0.01).The CK-MB activity in non-AMI patients was also significantly higher than that in healthy persons ( F=5.07,q=12.71,P0.05). Conclusion Detection of serum CK-MB content by ECL is reliable in the diagnosis of AMI.


Objective To investigate the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) in placenta of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) and its correlation with morbility of the disease. Methods This study consisted of 44 women of 36—41 weeks of pregnancy with GDM scheduled for caesarean section(GDM group),and 37 healthy pregnant women of normal delivery(control group) of the corresponding time period.The expressions of HIF-1α protein and HIF-1α mRNA in placenta were detected by immunohistochemistry PV-6003 two-step method and RT-PCR,respectively. Results HIF-1α was expressed in the placenta of both groups,but that in the GDM group was much stronger.In GDM group,the expression rate of HIF-1α protein was 86.4%,much higher than 32.4% of that in the control(χ2=22.51,P0.05).The expression of HIF-1α mRNA in the GDM group was 0.88±0.12 versus 0.47±0.11 of that in the control(t=15.91,P0.05). Conclusion Overexpression of HIF-1α protein and mRNA in GDM placenta may lead to abnormal pathomorphology of placenta and involve in the pathogenesis of GDM.


Annual summer red tides of Cochlodinium polykrikoides have happenned at southern coastal  of the South Korea, accounted economic losses of 76.4 billion won in 1995 on fisheries and other economic substantial losses. Therefore, it is important to eliminate the damage and losses by monitoring the bloom and to forecast their development and movement. On previous study, ocean color satellite, SeaWiFS, standard chlorophyll-a data was used to detect the red tide, using threshold value of chlorophyll-a concentration ≥ 5 mg/m 3 , resulted a good correlation using visual comparison. However, statistic based accuracy analysis has not be done yet. In this study, the accuracy of detection method was analyzed using spatial statistic. Spatial statistical match up analysis resulted 68% of red tide area was not presented in satellite data due to masking. Within red tide area where data existed, 36% was in high chlorophyll-a area and 64% was in low chlorophyll-a area. Within the high chlorophyll-a area 13% and 87% was in and out of the red tide area. It was found that the accuracy of this detection is low. However if the accuracy was yearly splitted, its found that 75% accuracy on 2002 where visually red tide detected spead out to the off-shore area. The fail and false detection are not due to the failure of the detection method but caused by limitation of the technology due to the natural condition i.e. type of red tide spreading, cloud cover and other flags such as turbid water, stray light etc.


Increase of density due to mixing (cabbeling instability) in a spring thermal bar in Lake Baikal results in the sinking of cold surface water (T = 3.2−3.4°C, w = 0.3 cm s−1) below the profile of Tmd. This density increase generates forced convection and subsequent movement of cold water along the underwater slope to maximum depths. Cooling of deep and near-bottom waters caused by forced convection is compensated during other seasons of the year by eddy heat flux directed toward the bottom. On a long-term basis, vertical temperature profiles in deep waters remain constant.


Hand segmentation is an important prerequisite for acquiring accurate 3D hand poses on depth images, as it can significantly reduce the complicity of hand pose estimation. However, it has been ignored or treated as a trivial problem for a long time, since most of the hand pose estimation works suppose the hand part is given or can be easily segmented by a depth threshold, which is not practical in many realistic scenarios (e.g., side/egocentric view). In order to perform the robust hand segmentation in various scenarios, we propose a Soft Proposal Segmentation Network (SPS-Net). A key difference from existing hand segmentation methods is that the SPS-Net can utilize the temporal information on depth videos. As a benefit, significant performance gains over the existing methods can be obtained, as demonstrated on two popular public datasets with diverse camera viewpoints and background. Moreover, integrating SPS-Net with a simple 3D hand pose estimator, we achieved the leading result on the 3D Hand Pose Tracking Task of the Hand2017 Challenge - the only world-wide open challenge of its kind.


A transparent cellulose solution could be obtained when cotton linter was added to a 7wt%NaOH/12wt% urea aqueous solvent which was precooled to-12℃.Then spun-dyed the cellulose solution with Direct Red 4BS and Direct Blue 5B,colored regenerated cellulose fiber membrane could obtained.After UV-Vis spectral analysis,K/S value,Lab Value,tristimulus value,and washing decoloration value testing,the results strongly suggest that the colored regenerated cellulose fiber membrane with this method can have a uniform color,excellent washfastness without fixation and environment friendly.


International Sale of Goods (Dubrovnik Lectures) edited by Petar Sarcevic and Paul Volken. Published by Oceana Publications Inc., New York (1986, ix and 508 pp. incl. Foreword, Abbreviations, Tables of Contents and Index). Hardback. Price not disclosed .

Documentary History of the Uniform Law for International Sales by John Honnold. Published by Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers. Deventer, The Netherlands (1988, xii and 881 pp. incl. Preface, Summary of Contents, Table of Contents, General Introduction, Concordance and Index ). Hardback. Price UK £105; US $150 .

It is now ten years since UNCITRAL, taking up the task begun by UNIDROIT sixty years ago, produced the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. This has won far wider approval than its forerunners, the Hague Conventions of 1964, embodied in the Uniform Laws on International Sales Act 1967, and in any event this Convention is likely to be of much greater practical significance than the earlier Uniform Laws since its operation must be expressly excluded if it is not to apply, and the alternative of contractual adoption, chosen by the UK for the 1967 Uniform Laws, is not available. It is already in force in many countries but its fate in the UK is still uncertain.

The two books reviewed provide in very different ways welcome help for those who may have to grapple with this challenge at the heart of commercial law. The first is discursive and academic, a collection of essays based on lectures given on a postgraduate course at the Inter-University Centre at Dubrovnik, and the second practical, a collection of preparatory documents and materials. The Dubrovnik Lectures open with the only non-European contributor, Professor Sono from Japan, a former Secretary of UNCITRAL, tracing the development of unification of law in this field, attributing the greater success of the Vienna Convention to the wider representation of states in its preparation and the greater simplicity of its language, whilst conceding that its contents draw heavily on the Hague Conventions. Paul Volken then considers the scope and interpretation of the new Convention and its provision for filling gaps. Thus consumer and auction sales are excluded as are sales of ships, aircraft and electricity and interpretation should promote the overriding object of uniformity …


This paper discusses the identification of nonlinear dynamic system using fuzzy neural networks. It focuses on both the structure uncertainty and the parameter uncertainty which have been widely explored in the literature of nonlinear system identification. The main contribution is that an integrated analytic framework is proposed for automated fuzzy neural network structure selection, parameter identification and hysteresis network switching with guaranteed neural identification performance. Firstly, an automated support vector machine is proposed within a fixed time interval for a given network construction criterion. Then the network parameter updating algorithm is proposed with guaranteed bounded identification error. To cope structure uncertainty, a hysteresis strategy is proposed to enable fuzzy neural identifier switching with guaranteed network performance along the switching process. Both theoretic analysis and simulation example show the efficacy of the proposed method.


Few issues excite controversy like immigration, in part because it touches on so many other questions – economics, demographics, politics, national security, culture, language and even religion. That's why it's important to go beyond the rhetoric and get to the facts and realities of international migration.


A Class-J Power Amplifier is designed with a varactor diode on its input matching network to improve its efficiency. To enhance the efficiency of the designed power amplifier, it is operated in inverse mode. The design, simulation, and layout generation of the circuits are implemented using the Advance Design System Tool of Keysight. Although GaN devices are known to have better performance than GaAs devices, a GaAs FET is still used as the active device for the designed power amplifier as it is more reliable compared to GaN devices. This design of Class-J power amplifier in inverse mode with varactor diode exhibits a higher power output, gain and efficiency of 30.14 dBm, 8. 14dB and 90.84%, respectively, in comparison to existing class-J power amplifier with power output of 24–27dBm, gain of 7–10 dB and efficiency of 50–5S% only. Using a One Tone Harmonic Balance Simulation for a 2GHz fundamental frequency, the resulting fundamental output power is 30. 475dBm, a transducer power gain of 6.175, a PAE of 26.943 and a gain compression of 12. 602dB. The designed power amplifier is ready to be fabricated on a Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC).


It is not disputed that many of the nation's cities, towns, and tribal reservations, and their current or would be residents, are facing an affordable housing crisis. At issue is how municipal governmentsthe leyel of government within which housing gets built-can solve this crisis without exacerbating existing problems or creating new ones. This Article recommends the affordable housing problem be solYed through a combination of timeand judicially-tested options and burden-sharing arrangements with the private sector, most notably through mandatory inclusionary-zoning requirements and the imposition of impact fees. It presents a critique of the approach taken by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in its pursuit of affordable housing development. The Article recommends that states considering the Massachusetts "cramdO\\1.1" methodology avoid the draconian and regressive tactics employed by the Massachusetts affordable housing statute. Rather, they should look to successful affordable housing programs employed by


Renal cell hypertrophy, a major feature of diabetic nephropathy is caused by an accumulation of extracellular matrix due to an increase of protein synthesis and inhibition of protein degradation based on reduced proteolytic activity Substitution of proteases may increase reduced proteolytic activity in the kidney Therefore, intraperitoneal or orally applied Phlogenzym®, a combination preparation consisting of the proteases trypsin, bromelain and the free radical scavenger rutoside, was examined in several models of rat renal fibrosis (streptozotocin-induced diabetes, subtotal nephrectomy and Goldblatt hypertension). Phlogenzym® attenuated the progression of kidney fibrosis in all models. This effect was accompanied by reduced synthesis and/or enhanced elimination of the profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) mediated by the proteinase activated form of the antiproteinase α 2 -macroglobulin, which is a scavenger of this cytokine. In vitro, inhibition of both TGF-β1 expression and tubular cell hypertrophy induced by advanced glycation end-products was achieved by coadministration of either TGF-β antibodies or trypsin. Many investigators have shown that orally applied proteases are absorbed and systemically available and that they partially retain their enzymatic activity A placebo-controlled feasibility study of 24 patients with diabetic nephropathy treated over a period of 16 weeks with oral Phlogenzym® was performed to test the clinical safety and efficacy of this drug. Patients tolerated Phlogenzym® very well and seemed to benefit from this treatment with regard to the development of proteinuria and serum creatinine. An end-point study (combined end-point: doubling of serum-creatinine, requirement for dialysis, or death) involving approximately 400 patients should confirm the benefits of Phlogenzym® treatment in combination with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in patients with diabetic nephropathy.


We all want good evidence available when making medical decisions. Evidence, however, comes in a variety of forms and purposes, and what may be good for one purpose may not be good for another. The term "evidence-based medicine" (EBM) has become almost a cliche in recent years, being used as a synonym for "good" or "scientific," both to support and refute the value of complementary medicine practices.1 But EBM takes a narrow view of what constitutes "good" evidence, and it excludes important qualitative and observational information about the use and benefits of complementary medicine.

The key idea of EBM is a "hierarchy of evidence" (figure 1). In this hierarchy, information from systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials is the "best" evidence, followed by individual randomized controlled trials, then by nonrandomized trials, observational studies, and finally case-series.2 When the evidence of what type of medicine works and what type does not is synthesized, the type of emphasis is at the top of the pyramid, and the evidence that is considered inferior is at the lower levels. Clinical experiments that isolate a causal and additive link between a specific intervention and a specific clinical outcome are seen as the "gold standard" in this evidence model.

Figure 1

The traditional hierarchy of evidence is narrow

As most clinicians know, the reasons that patients recover from illness are complex and synergistic, and many cannot simply be isolated in controlled environments. The best evidence under these circumstances may be observational data from clinical practice that can estimate the likelihood of a patient's recovery in a realistic context.3 In addition, patient's illnesses are complex physical, psychological, and social experiences that cannot be reduced to single, objective measures.4 In some cases, the most valuable information for a clinical decision is a highly subjective judgment about life quality. This personal experience of illness might be captured only through qualitative research, not using questionnaires or results of blood tests.5 The "best" evidence under these circumstances may be the meaning that patients give to their illness and recovery.

At other times, the "best" evidence comes from laboratory studies. The discovery that St John's wort can reduce blood levels of immunosuppressive drugs, for example, is the most crucial evidence when making decisions about its use in patients taking immunosuppressive medications.6 Findings of controlled trials often do not reveal such drug interactions. Arranging types of evidence in a "hierarchy" obscures the fact that sometimes the best evidence is not objective, not additive, and not clinical.7

In the place of an evidence hierarchy, I suggest we build an "evidence house" with "rooms" for different types of information and purposes (figure 2). The rooms on the left side of the house contain types of information that seek out causal attributions and mechanisms of action. One such room is for laboratory research, which forms a foundation of understanding of mechanisms and causal links on which controlled clinical research can build. In the case of homeopathy or prayer, for example, randomized controlled trial data seem to point us in an illogical direction, eg, that pills with no active ingredients have specific effects.8 Other rooms on the left side of the house are for randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews, which attempt to verify the suspected links between specific interventions and specific outcomes.

Figure 2

The evidence house affords greater accessibility to important information

If confined to the left side of the evidence house, however, physicians will never obtain information about the relevance of medicine for patients, what happens in the actual world of clinical practice, or the generalizability of an intervention in our health care delivery system. Information about relevance and utility of practice, both proven and unproven, is available in rooms on the right side of the house.

The evidence house has something for everyone. Regulatory agencies and those interested in the approval of new treatments are most interested in the rooms on the left side. They want data from randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews rather than findings from observational research, yet the need for alternative approaches to treatment is evident.9 Other stakeholders in the health care system are more interested in information from the right side of the house. Health care practitioners often want to know the anticipated effects of an intervention in the clinical practice setting. Those paying for care are generally more interested in health services research. Patients are intensely interested in stories and detailed descriptions of cases similar to their own.10

If resources are disproportionately invested in certain rooms of the house to the neglect of others, it is not possible to obtain the evidence needed for full public participation in clinical decisions. A livable house should not have an elaborate kitchen and no bathroom. Each has different functions and all need to be high quality.

Complementary and alternative medicine helps us think about who will live in the evidence house and how it should be constructed. The public is the architect, driving the interest in complementary medicine. They seek holistic and preventive care, safer treatments for chronic illness, and more participation in health care decisions.11 As patient advocates, physicians must help them find a seat at the research table, so it is possible to build an evidence house where everyone can live.


Objective To investigate the application value of CT/MR image fusing in gross tumor volume (GTV) delineation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods Twenty-nine patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to be treated with radical surgery underwent routine CT scanning,MR T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) before surgery.Diffusion-sensitive gradient b values were taken at 400,600,and 800 s/mm2.GTVs were delineated on the CT image,CT/ MR T2WI,and CT/MR DWI respectively.The MR T2W1 image was used as the intermediary for the fusion of the CT image and MR DWI image.The length of GTVs measured under different imaging conditions were compared with the length of the resected specimen of esophagus.Results The GTV length was (44.94 ± 18.46) and (45.05 ±21.47) mm on the CT images and CT/MR T2WI images respectively.When the b values were 400,600,and 800 s/mm2,the esophageal carcinoma GTV length on CT/MR DWI images was (42.12 ± 17.79),(41.18 ± 17.17) and (39.77 ± 17.66) mm,respectively.The coefficient between the esophageal carcinoma GTV lengths on CT/MR DWI images and the pathological lesion lengths was 0.928,0.926 and 0.927 respectively.Conclusions CT/MR DWI images displays esophageal carcinoma GTV length more accurately,thus guiding the delineation of GTV effectively.

Key words:
Target delineation;  Esophageal neoplasm;  Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging;  Image fusion


This article examines Bernard Lonergan's account of the meaning, functions, and importance of art, focusing on the chapter on art in his Topics in Education (volume 10 of The Collected Works of Bernard LonerganJ, the text derived from his 1959 Cincinnati lectures on philosophy of education. The essay begins by identifying important parallels between Lonergan's analysis of art and selected elements in the philosophies of Aristotle, Saint Augustine, Kant, Hegel, Tolstoy, Collingwood, and Heidegger. It then focuses upon Lonergan's particular emphasis on artistic creation and appreciation as an exercise of human liberty, and as a testimony to the freedom of human consciousness. Developing this theme, it explores how Lonergan's analysis answers three critical questions: 1) what does art liberate us from? 2) what does art liberate us for? and, 3) why is art always about freedom?


Because of rapid advance of wireless Internet-related technology and fast diffusion of Smart phone, a variety of mobile applications through domestic and foreign app stores have been made and used. Under the recognition of current trend, both central government and local government have developed and provided public mobile app in order to accomplish the mobile e-government. However, public mobile app is not popular in spite of vast investment for its development and service. This study investigated current issues and problems of public mobile app in public service, management, and technology aspects. To do so, this study categorized the interested people of public mobile app into users, providers, and developers, and conducted deep interviews to them. Based on the interview results, the study suggested the following recommendations for the activating tools of public mobile app: providing user-customized information, fruitfulness of public information management, maintenance of management system for public mobile app service, user-friendly promotion appropriate in mobile environment, public mobile app development based on e-government standard framework, etc.. This study may provide the researchers with the successive study guidelines in mobile e-government and public mobile app fields. Also, the study may help the practitioners to make effective decisions on polices and strategies for mobile e-government of local government.


We show that an IT-enabled suitable design of incentives improves the competitiveness of new marketing and distribution channels like telephone banking. Using and extending a framework developed by Nault and Dexter (1994) for franchising, we show that an IT-enabled ownership of customers increases the effort of telephone consultants to establish ongoing customer relationships, leading to higher income for the consultants and higher profits for the banking firm. Moreover, it can be shown that the bank can optimize incentive parameters in such a way to achieve a first-best solution.


This paper presents a new wavelet interpolation Galerkin method for the numerical simulation of MEMS devices under the effect of squeeze film damping. Both trial and weight functions are a class of interpolating functions generated by autocorrelation of the usual compactly supported Daubechies scaling functions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that wavelets have been used as basis functions for solving the PDEs of MEMS devices. As opposed to the previous wavelet-based methods that are all limited in one energy domain, the MEMS devices in the paper involve two coupled energy domains. Two typical electrically actuated micro devices with squeeze film damping effect are examined respectively to illustrate the new wavelet interpolation Galerkin method. Simulation results show that the results of the wavelet interpolation Galerkin method match the experimental data better than that of the finite difference method by about 10%.


— Observations of the gamma-ray emission from the Milky Way have significantly improved in recent years thanks to the current space instruments such as Fermi LAT and AGILE, and to the ground-based telescopes at higher energies such as for example H.E.S.S., VERITAS, MAGIC, and HAWC. While these high-quality data are providing crucial information on Galactic sources, interstellar emissions, and high-energy particles, they are challenging our understanding. I will discuss the state of the art, recent results, and prospects for future instruments.


In the present invention disclosed in the application is a terminal to a base station transmits a signal in the carrier aggregation of a wireless communication system / method for receiving a signal from a base station. More particularly, the present invention includes the steps of: receiving from a base station through a specific component carrier preamble; to determine the corresponding uplink or downlink sub-frame based on the preamble; and according to the result of the determining step, performed by the specific transmitting an uplink component carrier to the base station signal or a downlink signal received from a base station by a certain component carrier.


Although much is known of immunity at the maternal-fetal interface, the innate immune status of women during healthy pregnancy remains unclear. Whether it exhibits a bias towards inflammatory phenotypes (transiently enhancing host defense) or anti-inflammatory phenotypes (reducing potential responses to the fetus) is controversial. Here, in a longitudinal study of >100 healthy women giving birth to full term healthy infants, systemic innate immune status was examined during the 2nd/3rd trimester and again, one or three years postpartum. Following REB approval and informed consent, pro and anti-inflammatory plasma biomarkers were quantified. Constitutive CCL2, CXCL10 and TNFa levels were sharply reduced (p<0.003 to 0.0001) in pregnancy. Several anti-inflammatory biomarkers were elevated (sTNFRI, sTNFRII, IL-1Ra p<0.0001). Plasma IL-10, expressed in >85% of this population, was not altered during/post pregnancy. Kinetic studies revealed that pro-inflammatory biomarker expression (CXCL10, CCL2, CXCL8, IL-18, TNFa) was independent of gestational age. Conversely, the intensity of anti-inflammatory cytokine antagonist production increased with gestational age (Spearman p<0.0003). In summary, among women experiencing healthy full term pregnancies, basal systemic immunity is characterized by an increasingly intense bias towards an anti-inflammatory innate immune phenotype that is resolved by one year postpartum.


Philip H. Abelson's splendid editorial "Energy from biomass" (26 Mar., p. 1221) was encouraging to me, and I'm sure to many others. One begins to become a bit insecure about criticizing proponents of either conventional or breeder reactors. When one has suggested that coal, solar energy, geothermal energy, winds and tides, and perhaps, in a major way, conservation might alleviate mankind's hunger for ergs, even distinguished physicists and at least


Bcr-Abl remains the prime target for CML therapy, but recent findings from Sheng and colleagues suggest that its inhibition may expose a new loophole in the cell death process. 1 Their report defines a new role for the Bcr-Abl signaling complex in suppressing autophagy, a catabolic process that partially destroys a cell9s content. 2


This study developed brassieres using a suspension system with the elastic panel on the inside of the brassiere cup to replace the wires for 20s women with large and elongated breasts. The following results were obtained by analyzing clothing pressure and a subjective evaluation of brassieres with elastic panels at the bottom or side of the various reduction ratios and with the shoulder straps of the brassiere. Brassieres with dual panels (rather than with only the bottom panel) lowered clothing pressure as well as improved wearing comfort and function. Compared to brassieres with a panel of 10%, brassieres with a panel of 15% lowered clothing pressure and provided superior wearing comfort. In this case, the higher the reduction ratio of the side panels increased clothing pressure on the shoulder, but provided superior well-fit, bust-up, and vibration restraint. To reduce the reduction ratio of the side panel decreased clothing pressure on the shoulder and decreased support functions. Therefore, the reduction ratio of the side panels should be determined by preferable functions such as wearing comfort that depend on the needs of the wearer. It is suggested that a brassiere with a dual elastic panel can replace the brassiere wire.


Numerical computations were conducted to characterize the three-dimensional laminar flow through an injector orifice having an inclined angle of 30 .deg.. For this study, the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in generalized curvilinear coordinates, using a pseudocompressibility approach for continuity equation, were solved. The computations were performed using the finite difference implicit, approximately factored scheme of Beam and Warming and multi-block grids of complete continuity at block interfaces. The multi-block computations were validated for the steady state using direct comparison of multi-block solutions with equivalent single-block ones, including 2-D 180.deg. TAD and 3-D 90.deg. pipe bend. The comparisons between the numerical solutions and the flow field measurements for a tube with sudden contraction were presented in this work for solution validation. Computational results showed the nature of complex flow fields within the inclined injector orifice, including strong pressure-driven secondary flows in the cross stream induced by the effect of streamline curvature. In addition, asymmetric secondary flows were induced in the Reynolds number range above assumed laminar flow regime considered. However, turbulence calculations and grid dependency studies are needed for more accurate computations.


Complex media organizations contain a number of different journalistic cultures, and the introduction of convergence and cooperation across media platforms poses a number of challenges related to this. This article looks at production cultures in an integrated news broadcasting organization. What happens when convergence strategies meet the web of inter-organizational subcultures associated with television, radio and the web? One significant development is that of new journalistic hierarchies related to increased reuse of content in news production processes. One of the main arguments for cross-media journalism from a management perspective is that spending fewer resources on republishing and updating news makes it possible to channel resources towards doing 'real journalism'. As a result, old hierarchies are supplemented by new ones. One of them is the emerging division between those reporters being given more time to research their own stories and do 'real journalism', those working mainly with updating or developing news stories that are already made, and those reproducing content for a different platform.


The transition of the energy source from fossil-fuel to renewables is currently the global focus. The world's concern about climate change considering the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission leads them to make policy initiates to accelerate the transitions to renewable energy sources. The intermittent renewable sources combined with Energy Storage System (ESS) specifically the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) have the potential to produces secure, reliable, and efficient electrification for the end-users. The Philippines is one of the countries that participated in the global solutions in the transition from fossil-fuel based source to renewable energy source and ESS. But the policies of the government and players for this technological solution in the energy sector should be taken into considerations. The technological transition architectural framework will be used in this paper to recommend some policy in this technology.


RC (Random/Clustered) code is a new efficient array-code family for recovering from 4 disk failures. Most such failures can be corrected and, in particular, all 4 failures that fall into at most two clusters. These include a single cluster of 4 failures, two clusters of 2 failures each and two clusters, one with 3 failures and the other with 1. In addition, all but a vanishing number of failures that fall into three clusters are corrected. Motivations to address clustered failure correction are provided. Our new RC codes are significantly more efficient in all practical implementation factors than the best known 4 erasure correcting MDS code. These include: small-write update-complexity, full-disk update-complexity, decoding time and number of supported disks in the array.


The inhibitor was a thermo-acid-stable protein degraded by trypsin and chymotrypsin and seemed to contain two polypeptide chains with molecular weights of 70 000 and 13 000 daltons. Maximal inhibitory activity was obtained at neutral pH. High salt concentrations were needed to suppressinhibition. Inhibitor concentration had no effect on the optimal Ca ++ ion levels for CaANP. These experiments also show that enzyme inhibitor association was instantaneous and did not need any incubation.


The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition containing the following compound, which has an antiviral action. (P is a hydrogen atom or a group that forms a prodrug; A1 is CR1AR1B, S, or O; A2 is CR2AR2B, S, or O; A3 is CR3AR3B, S, or O; A4 each independently are CR4AR4B, S, or O; the number of heteroatoms of A1, A2, A3, A4, nitrogen atoms adjacent to A1, and ring constituent atoms of a ring configured from nitrogen atoms adjacent to A4 is 1 or 2; R1A and R1B each independently are hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, etc.; R2A and R2B each independently are hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, etc.; R3A and R3B each independently are hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, etc.; R4A and R4B each independently are hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, etc.; R3A and R3B together may form a non-aromatic carbocycle or non-aromatic heterocycle; R1 is a fluorine atom; m is an integer of 1-2; and n is an integer of 1-2)


Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from nosocomial infections represent a serious problem worldwide. In various Mexican states several reports have shown isolates from hospitals with antibiotic resistance to methicillin. In Mexico City, there is scarce information on staphylococcal infections in hospitals. Here, our research �ndings are shown in a four-year period study (2006–2010) for Staphylococcus epidermidis strains. Susceptibility and/or resistance to antibiotics in SE strains were assessed by phenotypic and molecular methods as mecA gene by PCR, as well as the correlation with bio�lm production for these isolates and the relationship to the infection site. Out of a total of 161 (66%) negative bio�lm SE strains, �ust 103 (64%) SE strains were con�rmed as MRSE by PCR to mecA gene. From 84 (34%) positive bio�lm SE strains, 76 (91%) were con�rmed as MRSE by PCR tomecA gene. Higher percentages of resistance to antibiotics and higher number of resistance markers were found in bio�lmforming clinical strains (9 to 14) than non-bio�lm-forming SE strains (3 to 8).ese research �ndings represent a guide to establish infection control programs for this hospital.


Biotechnology is currently evolving through the era of big data, thanks to advances in the high-throughput technologies for rapid and inexpensive genome sequencing and other genome-wide studies [1]. With the daunting amount of data, it has been possible to put them together into a coherently organized biological network that provides counterintuitive insights on biological systems [2]. Among such biological networks, a genome-scale metabolic network model is expected to play an increasingly important role in the biopharmaceutical industry [3]. Before enumerating their specific strengths, it is important to note that principles underlying genome-scale metabolic network models are consistent with the holistic perspective of systems biology, the aim of which is to unveil hidden factors causing diseases and to find relevant treatment strategies [4]. Despite the importance of metabolism in a biological system, studies on diseases in relation to metabolism were far fewer in number than those performed on signaling and transcriptional regulatory networks [5]. However, metabolism, highly linked with observable phenotypes, is a biological network that is more comprehensively characterized when compared with the other two types of networks [6]. Metabolism is, therefore, amenable to large-scale mathematical modeling and simulation. It is with this motivation that the genome-scale metabolic simulation deserves more attention in drug discovery campaigns and optimization of a host strain for the production of biopharmaceuticals. Reconstruction and application of genome-scale metabolic network models have been forged as a major research strategy of systems biology. Over the last decade, genome-scale metabolic models have been built for almost all biologically important organisms across the domains of archea, bacteria and eukaryotes [3]. They range from simple micro organisms such as Escherichia coli [7] and Saccharomyces cerevisiae [8] to higher organisms including Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells [9,10] and a generic human cell [11,12]. It should be noted that all these organisms that have been subjected to metabolic modeling are important cellular hosts for biopharmaceutical production or medically meaningful organisms that need to be cured (e.g., specific cancer cells) or destroyed (e.g., pathogens). A recent notable development of importance in the genomescale metabolic modeling would be the newly updated human metabolic network Recon 2 [12]. Recon 2 is a result of efforts from a group of researchers, going over a vast amount of literature and biochemical data and reconciling conflicting information. Scope of the hitherto reconstructed genome-scale metabolic models manifest high expectations for their potential contributions to biopharmaceutical industry. Genome-scale metabolic network models are not just a simple pileup of biochemical reactions, but allow mathematical simulation under precisely defined conditions of constraints [13]. Once the experimentally Applications of genome-scale metabolic network models in the biopharmaceutical industry


With the reform of the English Teaching going into deeper level,the implement of British American Literature Teaching in English class to expend the traditional teaching content for a more organic and comprehensive brand-new teaching base is feasible.While the new platform is still facing de great challenge.This paper mainly analyzed the actuality and the challenge,aiming at the feasible way for the transition of traditional English teaching and the key problem.


OVERVIEW: The Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Agency (IARPA) is a research arm of the US intelligence community. IARPA research programs are undertaken by diverse teams drawn from industry and academia. One of IARPA's best-known programs is in the area of anticipatory intelligence, or forecasting. The lessons of that effort can be applied to the forecasting of science and technology. Most notably, the most accurate forecasts emerge from the averaging of forecasts that draw on a wide variety of data streams.


Probable security is an important criteria for analyzing the security of cryptographic protocols. However, writing and verifying proofs by hand are prone to errors. This paper introduces the game-based approach of writing security proofs and its automatic technique. It advocates the automatic security proof approach based on process calculus, and presents the initial game and observational equivalences of OAEP+.


This study aims to analyze (1) the influence of family environment on learning achievement (2) the influence of family environment and motivation toward learning achievement (3) the influence of family environment, learning motivation and discipline learned in student performance on economic subjects  high school in Panti Subdistrict. This research is associative descriptive. The population of this study were all high school students enrolled in Panti Subdistrict  on the academic year 2013/2014, totaling 854 people. The sampling technique with proportional random sampling with a sample size of 90 people. The technique of data analysis is descriptive analysis and inductive analysis, namely: normality test, homogeneity. The data were processed by using path analysis . The results showed that (1) there is a significant relationship between family environment on student motivation on economic subjects Panti high school students in  Subdistrict, (2) there is a significant relationship between family environment and motivation to learn discipline on economic subjects high school students in Panti Subdistrict, and (3) a significant difference between family environment, learning motivation and discipline of learning on student achievement on economic subjects high school student in Panti Subdistrict.


The multiple-beam klystron (MBK) is a device for extending klystron power generation capability at a given frequency by a factor of ten or more. The MBK utilizes a multiplicity of electron beams in conjunction with multiwavelength waveguide circuits. These circuits are periodically loaded and operate in the\pi/2-mode. The efficiency, bandwidth, gain and stability of the MBK are equal to or better than that of the single-beam prototype klystron. Furthermore, the MBK permits generation of a given power level at an unusually low voltage, thus minimizing insulation, X-radiation, and modulator problems. An MBK utilizing ten external-circuit klystrons has been built for 750-Mc operation to demonstrate the principle of the device. A single main magnetic circuit is used to focus all beams simultaneously. An RF power output ten times that of one klystron was measured, corresponding to an efficiency of 44 per cent. Bandwidth and gain were identical with single-beam prototype operation. Individual beam drop-out tests were made which showed no disruption of operation in case of the failure of one or more beams. Limited tests tend to confirm the conclusion that the harmonic content of an MBK can be lower than that of a single-beam klystron.


Hydrostatic piston machine with at least one engine (10, 10a; 10b), a swash plate (17) and a housing (1), wherein the housing (1) is designed as a pot-shaped housing (1b), which (, 1c2 1c, 1c1) is removably closed by a lid-shaped bearing flange, wherein a through hole (20) in the bearing flange (1c, 1c1, 1c2) is arranged, wherein a drive shaft (12, 12a, 12b) by a rotary bearing (6a) the bearing flange (1c, 1c1, 1c2) is rotatably mounted and the through hole (20) penetrates, wherein the one or more engines (10, 10a; 10b) in each case by a rotation with the drive shaft (12, 12a; 12b) of the cylinder drum is connected (13, 13a; 13b) is formed, comprising the approximately axially extending piston bores, in which (piston 14 ) are mounted displaceably back and forth axially (on the swash plate 17) are supported, characterized, that the housing optionally different engines (10a; 10b) can accommodate different nominal sizes of the hydrostatic machine, that an auxiliary pump (22) in which the engine (10, 10a; 10b) is disposed opposite the region of the pot-shaped housing (1b) and that different axially cranked cover (26a, 26b) with an axial offset difference (v) for the storage of different widths auxiliary pump (22a, 22b) are provided.