One of pharmaceutical design of parenterally solutions times is establishment of influence of filter materials on quality of preparation and choice of optimum filter membranes on the basis of these researches, establishment of optimum size of pores, and sequence of filtration of solution through filters with the different size of pores, that provides the necessary cleaning of injection solution from the mechanical including and microorganisms. The purpose of work was a leadthrough of pharmaceutical development of solution of meloksikama for injections, some aspects of which are lighted up in this article. A research object were «Meloksikam, solution for injection 10 mgs/ml for 1,5 ml in ampoules» and filter membranes, made from a kapron (type of «MIFIL», Byelorussia), nylon (type of «Ultipor N 66», Pall, Germany), poliefirsul'fona (type of «PROPOR PES», Domnik Khanter, England). Control of standards was conducted on methods, to described in DFU and normative document on preparation.
Compatibility of solution of meloksikama is well-proven 10 mgs/ml with materials of filters from a kapron (type of «MIFIL», Byelorussia), from a nylon (type of «Ultipor N 66», Pall, Germanу), poliefirsul'fona (type of «PROPOR PES», Domnick Hunter, England). The optimum mode of filtration and assortment of suitable to the use filter materials is chosen taking into account the cross-coupling of components of solution, рН environment and material of filter.
For determination of efficiency of filtration, there was a certain index of filtrated of FI (Filtrability Index) and maximal volume of the filtered solution of Vmax. It is set that for achievement of greater efficiency of filtration it is necessary to combine preliminary filtration through membranes with the threshold of detention of 0,6 mkm and steralizing – through membranes with the threshold of detention of 0,2 mkm.


A proteome analysis of leaf peroxisomes was initiated to further increase our understanding of the functions of this ubiquitous eukaryotic subcellular entity. A reported method for the isolation of leaf peroxisomes from Spinacia oleracea L. was improved by inclusion of a second density gradient which reduced the contamination of leaf peroxisomes by chloroplasts and mitochondria to an undetectable minimum, although a novel type of proplastid-like organelle was still present in the peroxisome fractions. In addition, an ingenious method was designed to enable comparative proteome analyses of highly pure spinach leaf peroxisomes from stress-treated plants in a minimal time, allowing the isolation of leaf peroxisomes from two different plant sets in parallel and their direct comparison. To take advantage of the information of the first genome sequence of a higher plant, namely that of Arabidopsis thaliana L., for proteome analyses, a novel efficient procedure for the enrichment of its leaf peroxisomes was developed.The method of two-dimensional electrophoresis was optimized for soluble matrix proteins of leaf peroxisomes with respect to the choice and concentration of chaotropes, detergents as well as alcohols to yield maximum resolution, protein recovery and proteome coverage. The soluble matrix proteome of purified leaf peroxisomes was partially characterized by two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry (MALDI and ESI-MS/MS). In addition to several well-known peroxisomal proteins, such as those involved in photorespiration, beta oxidation and metabolism of reactive oxygen species, some proteins were identified as novel components of leaf peroxisomes from either spinach or Arabidopsis, namely a short chain alcohol dehydrogenase, a naphthoate synthase-like protein, an enoyl-CoA hydratase, and a small heat shock protein. All four novel proteins possess peroxisome targeting signals of type 1 or type 2. The subcellular localization of the novel proteins was verified by differential 2D gels. The Arabidopsis genes encoding for the naphthoate synthase-like protein and the small heat shock protein were cloned by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction from cold-treated leaves for further subcellular targeting and functional analysis.Post-translational modifications including phosphorylation appeared to be a salient feature of several peroxisomal proteins such as catalase, hydroxypyruvate reductase, ascorbate peroxidase and isocitrate lyase. Some novel proteins and/or isoforms appeared to be induced during conditions of stress such as upon oxidative stress conditions applied by treatment with catalase inhibitor or under high light and are thought to play an important yet unknown role in plant tolerance against abiotic stress.


It has been shown that deep neural networks can accuratly segment the left ventricle (LV), myocardium and left atrium in apical two and four chamber (A2C and A4C) views. While segmentation of apical long-axis (ALAX) views is quite similar to A2C and A4C, there is one major difference; the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) which restricts the myocardium. The objectives of this work were to accurately segment ALAX views, investigate if transfer learning from A2C/A4C improves accuracy, and study how a single network can learn to segment all three views.The CAMUS dataset of 500 patients together with an additional dataset of 106 patients with ALAX views were used for training and testing using 10-fold cross-validation. The results showed that by training from scratch the neural network was able to segment ALAX views, but with a lower accuracy to that of A2C/A4C views. Transfer learning only slightly improved mycoardium accuracy (0.77 to 0.78), but was statistically significant (p-value 0.001). Multi-view segmentation with the baseline network showed a reduction in accuracy, resulting in 38 cases of incorrect segmentations in terms of LVOT. The proposed network reduced the number of incorrect segmentations to 8, and achieved the best overall accuracy in terms of dice score where the improvement in myocardium segmentation accuracy (0.776 to 0.786) was statistically significant (p-value 0.005).


PURPOSE: A method and system for conveying an instant message through the relay between distributed servers is provided to offer the instant message transmitting method that a user who joins only one messenger service can carry out message transmitting and receiving with other users who have joined various messenger services. CONSTITUTION: If a client(10a) accesses an instant messenger server(20a) and transmits messages to clients(10b,11,12)(1), the instant messenger server(20a) of the client(10a) discriminates the receivers's instant messenger servers from their ID's. If the instant messenger servers of the receivers are discriminated, the messenger server(20a) transmits the messages of the client(10a) to the discriminated messenger servers. The message to firstname.lastname@example.com is conveyed to a site3(20c)(6) and the message to email@example.com is sent to a site2(20b)(4). A server(20b) passes the message to email@example.com referring to a local user DB(30b)(5) and a server(20c) passes the message to the email@example.com referring to a local user DB(30c)(5). The message to email@example.com is transmitted referring to a local user DB(30a).


The original coupled-mode theory for the nonlinear directional coupler (NLDC) and two later improved theories are reviewed and compared with the analysis using the segmentation method proposed in this work. The segmentation method is more accurate in analyzing the NLDC because it takes into account the real situation that the local nonlinear guided modes in the NLDC will vary along the propagation direction due to the accompanying variation in the local power distribution. In the coupled-mode formulations reviewed, however, either linear guided modes or nonlinear modes at a fixed power level are employed when evaluating related coupling quantities.


The facile synthesis of α,α-dibromoacetophenones from ethyl-substituted aromatics by aerobic photooxidation has been developed. This synthetic method achieves oxidative dibromination of aromatic ethyl groups by using inexpensive and easily handled bromine sources, harmless visible light and molecular oxygen.


Machining the required microstructure on the laser fusion capsule is needed in the study of inertial confinement fusion. Ultra-precision single point diamond turning is the most effective method of machining the microstructures on the laser fusion capsule. To this end, an ultra-precision machine tool is developed. Structure, design parameters of each moving axis and characteristic analyses of the machine tool are presented. The ultra-precision machine tool is mainly composed of machine base, aerostatic spindle, and X-axis hydrostatic slide and Z-axis hydrostatic slide. The whole structure of the ultra-precision machine tool is configured as a 'T' type. The aerostatic spindle is driven by brushless frameless motors, with vacuum chuck to provide a flat surface for mounting the workpiece. Hydrostatic bearings and linear motor direct-drive technology have been used on the two linear axes. To analyse and optimise the static and dynamic performance of the entire machine tool, the modelling and simulation process of the ultra-precision machine tool, using the finite element analysis method, is presented.


after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer. In his youth, the patient had undergone total colec− tomy because of Crohn's disease. Surveil− lance esophagogastroduodenoscopy re− vealed metachronous early gastric cancer, so a second ESD was performed. Although gastric perforation occurred during the procedure, it was closed completely using endoclips (l" Fig. 1 and l" 2). Antibiotic therapy was started with fasting. The fol− lowing day, 12 h after the second ESD, laboratory data included aspartate ami− notransferase 225 U/L (normal range 12± 32 U/L), alanine aminotransferase 201 U/L (2±38 U/L), lactate dehydrogen− ase 526 U/L (119 ± 229 U/L), creatine phosphokinase 512 U/L (40 ±218 U/L), C− reactive protein 3.47 mg/dl (< 0.3 mg/dl), and white blood cell count 27.75 " 103/L (3.4± 9.4 " 103/L). As electrocardiography and troponin test ruled out ischemic heart disease, an effect of pneumoperito− neum was strongly suspected. An abdom− inal CT scan showed severe pneumoperi− toneum with compression of the inferior vena cava (l" Fig. 3), and therefore ab− dominal decompression with a 14−gauge puncture needle was performed. Immedi− ately after the puncture, the abdominal fullness and back pain improved. Four days later, almost all of the laboratory parameters recovered to within the nor− mal ranges, and the patient made an un− eventful recovery during the 14 months of follow−up after the procedure. Gastric perforation is a major complica− tion of endoscopic treatment, but most perforations are small and can be mana− ged endoscopically using endoclips [1, 2]. After endoscopic closure, if severe ab− dominal fullness persists, needle punc− ture is performed for decompression of the pneumoperitoneum in order to pre− vent negative systemic effects. It has been reported that prolonged pneumo− peritoneum increases main arterial blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance but decreases stroke volume and cardiac output during laparoscopic surgery with carbon dioxide insufflation [3, 4]. In our patient, abdominal CT scan revealed com− pression of the inferior vena cava, sug− gesting high intra−abdominal pressure. In this condition, we believe that the in− creased main arterial blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance caused con− gestion of the liver, resulting in elevation of liver enzyme levels [5]. Acknowledgment !


Many parameters have been used to categorize the mechanical function of the myocardium, such as the rate of rise of ventricular pressure (dP/dt) and the velocity of fibre shortening (dV/dt). Such factors attempt to relate the performance of the intact ventricle to that of isolated muscle strips and while a deeper understanding of ventricular function will eventually come from such isolated muscle studies there are still many unresolved difficulties in the way. An alternative approach is to investigate the function of the intact ventricle through measurements of pressure and flow which are the integrated external effects of tension and shortening velocity in the individual muscle segments. If the ventricle is regarded as a source of mechanical power coupled to the circulatory system which has as its chief characteristic an input impedance it is apparent that the simultaneous measurement of the aortic pressure and flow enables two further functions to be derived. Firstly, the product terms (pressure x flow) at each harmonic yield the power transferred into the circulation, and secondly, the quotient terms (pressure/flow), again at each harmonic and making due allowance for phase angle, give the input impedance.


abstract Modular bivariate quadratic functions (quadratic functions of two variables over the integers modulo q) can be used to procedurally generate grey-scale and colour textures that resemble ornamentation, skin, scales, feathers, textiles, and optical illusions. The latter appear to include distorted perspective, false 3D, and Fechner colours, the combination of which is disturbing to some viewers. This technique is particularly suited to parallel execution using a pixel shader since each pixel is computed independently by performing a small number of arithmetic operations on the pixel coordinates. A prototype browser-based procedural texture generator with an interface suitable for use by non-mathematicians such as designers and artists is described.


Abstract : 123 cases of decompression sickness, 18 cases of air embolism, and 5 cases of persistent dysbarism have been treated with a new method of recompression to 60 feet breathing 100% oxygen. Results of treatment are discussed. Wider use of treatment method is recommended. (Author)


The incorporation of a thin film of lithium niobate (LiNbO3) in a conventional MOS (metal-oxide-semiconductor) structure gives the possibility of two fundamentally different types of computer memory architectures. One, based on ferroelectric switching involves the reorganization of charge in the transistor channel to compensate for the change in polarization. Another, based on the bulk photovoltaic effect, involves a shift in the transistor threshold with exposure to differing intensities of incident light. With the use of a molybdenum liftoff process, transistors have been fabricated in which LiNbO3 replaces the usual gate oxide of an MOS transistor. Transistor parameters such as the transconductance, output conductance, and amplification for these devices are reported.


The use of ontologies for data mining and knowledge discovery in databases is proposed by many researchers. In this paper it is proposed to use a lot of data collected in the information systems, to develop methods for decision support, based on previous experience in implementing similar tasks. It is shown that the investigations are directed towards to reduce the time and the resources, necessary to achieve efficient solutions in the work of enterprises and organizations. In this paper emphasis is placed on the use of problem-oriented thesauri to create ontology of processes. The development will be useful in analyzing the results and the formation of future strategies of management.


We propose a discrete element model for brittle rupture. The material consists of a bidimensional set of closed‐packed particles in contact. We explore the isotropic elastic behavior of this regular structure to derive a rupture criterion compatible to continuum mechanics. We introduce a classical criterion of mixed mode crack propagation based on the value of the stress intensity factors, obtained by the analysis of two adjacent contacts near a crack tip. Hence, the toughness becomes a direct parameter of the model, without any calibration procedure. We verify the consistency of the formulation as well as its convergence by comparison with theoretical solutions of tensile cracks, a pre‐cracked beam, and an inclined crack under biaxial stress. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


For scale family c(x,n)θ-νe-T(x)/θ,we dealt with the estimator of parameter θ under q-symmetric entropy loss L(θ,δ)=θq/δq+δq/θq-2(0qν).The general and exact form of the MRE estimator and Bayes estimator were obtained.The admissibility and inadmissibility of a class of linear estimators of the form cT(X)+d and the minimaxity of the MRE estimator were studied.


A resorcinol-formaldehyde carbon cryogel was prepared, character- ized and used for the removal of the commonly used herbicide clopyralid from aqueous solutions under varying experimental conditions. The carbon exhibited a relatively high specific surface area, significant mesoporosity and an amor- phous structure. The following isotherm models were used to interpret the equilibrium data: the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Jovanovic, Hurkins-Jura and the Helsey Model. Several models fitted the data well although the calculated values for qmax poorly correlated with the experi- mentally obtained data. The pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, the models of Elovich, Bangham and the intraparticle diffusion model were employed for fitting the kinetic data. The rate of the process was fast at the beginning, although the adsorption equilibrium was not attained before 24 h. The adsorption was found to be pH dependent and favored in acidic solutions.


Objective: To explore the epidemic dynamics of the pneumonia caused by 2019-nCoV in China br br Methods: A descriptive analysis was utilized to explore the


Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) is one of the most advanced recent high compressive strength concrete. This work explored the effects of using glass waste as a fractional replacement for fine aggregate in reactive powder concrete at levels of 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100%. Linear and mass attenuation coefficients have been calculated as a function of the sample's thickness and bremsstrahlung energy. These coefficients were obtained using energy selective scintillation response to bremsstrahlung having an energy ranging from (0.1-1.1) MeV. In addition, the half-value thickness of the samples prepared has been investigated. It was found that there is a reversal association between the attenuation coefficient and the energy of the bremsstrahlung ray.
The results showed that, with the exception of the specimen with a partial replacement of 25% glass waste, adding fine aggregate in part by glass waste had a negative impact on the reactive powder concrete's attenuation properties. That means the sample's density can be improved with the glass waste content ratio to 25%. Also, the bremsstrahlung radiation shielding capabilities of reactive powder concrete can be enhanced using glass waste of not more than 25%.


The Canadian Association of Gastroenterology (CAG) implemented the
Colonoscopy Skills Improvement (CSI) program across Canada with the goal of
improving colonoscopy quality. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of
the CSI program on colonoscopy quality in St. John's, NL.
Nineteen endoscopists practicing in a tertiary referral centre who have
participated in CSI training since October 2014 were evaluated. For each endoscopist
fifty consecutive procedures immediately before, immediately after, and eight months
following CSI training were included. The primary outcome was change in adenoma
detection rate (ADR). Secondary outcomes included number of adenomas detected per
colonoscopy (APC), cecal intubation rate, and sedative usage and dosing.
Patient characteristics were similar between time points. ADR did not
significantly improve immediately after CSI training (31.8% v. 33.6%, p=0.484) or at the
eight-month assessment (31.8% v. 35.3% p=0.107). There was no significant change in
APC or completion rate at any time point. There was a statistically significant decrease in
the average dose of Fentanyl (72.8mcg v. 64.8mcg v. 63.5mcg, p<0.001) and Midazolam
(2.49mg v. 2.17mg v. 2.11, p<0.001) immediately after CSI training that persisted at
eight months.
Participation in the CSI program is not associated with change in ADR. CSI
training is associated with decreased sedation dosing during colonoscopy.


Based on the premises that we called upon above (action studies on insect conservation and our love for all things six-legged), we hope this collection can stimulate research and social initiatives that protect insects. (2021) analysed the literature to determine the extent of biases (including taxonomic and geographic biases) that inform our assessment of insect decline, and detail how just scattered insect records are. Insects are declining worldwide. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Ecological Entomology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)


TO THE E D I T O R — I n the October 2006 issue of this journal, Dr. Barry Farr presented a critique of several published studies and our recently completed, but as yet unreported, multicenter, cluster randomized trial, the Strategies to Reduce Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria in Intensive Care Units (STAR-ICU) trial, a study sponsored by the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and conducted through the Bacteriology and Mycology Study Group (BAMSG) (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00342745). The results of the trial are currently being analyzed and will be reported in early 2007. This letter outlines features of the study that enhance its internal and external validity and addresses Dr. Farr's principal criticisms. We encourage readers to judge the study on the basis of a complete discussion of its design and methodology and a full report of its results.


SUMMARY Viscous creep in the crust and mantle can have important consequences for earthquake patterns in time and space. Here, numerical models of repeating earthquake rupture are used to investigate how viscoelasticity can affect size distributions of repeated earthquakes on vertical, planar fault segments. The earthquake model is based on exact solutions of static 3-D elasticity theory. Viscous flow beneath the seismogenic crust is modelled as a Maxwell relaxation process. Two different fault strength models are used: a smooth rate- and state-dependent friction model and a strongly heterogeneous asperity model. In a previous paper it was shown that the characteristic scale of fault segmentation is proportional to the vertical width of a seismogenic fault. For both the heterogeneous and smooth friction models, viscous relaxation of the substrate modifies the spatio-temporal distribution of cumulative slip and slip events. For the heterogeneous models, the resulting quake size distributions are independent of the viscous relaxation time. In contrast, for the smooth models, it is shown that the characteristic event size is inversely proportional to the relaxation time of the substrate. These results imply a connection between the spatial complexity of fault zones and the maximum earthquake size a fault can sustain. Whereas earthquake sizes on complex fault zones depend only weakly on the viscous rheology beneath the seismogenic crust, the sizes of large events on relatively simple faults can be substantially increased due to viscous relaxation and partial decoupling of the seismogenic crust from the deeper crust and mantle.


PITY POOR FANNY PRICE. Cast in the unenviable role of the killjoy, she will always suffer from comparison to Elizabeth Bennet. While witty Elizabeth is one of the best-loved heroines of English fiction, prim Fanny is a character many readers find difficult to like. Their divergent temperaments are mirrored by their unequal physical capacities: Elizabeth energetically tramps the three miles from Longbourn to Netherfield, arriving with a brilliant glow on her cheeks, while Fanny is done in by the half-mile stroll through the woods at Sotherton, which leaves her benched for the rest of the afternoon. As John Wiltshire has noted, Fanny "is the only one of Jane Austen's heroines whose body is frail" (63). Tony Tanner's compelling reading of Mansfield Park, "The Quiet Thing," thus unfolds as an answer to a question the novel invites: what force lies in a heroine who lacks "vigour and vitality" (143)? He finds a persuasive answer in the value Fanny's "stillness" represents in a world threatened by the forces of unrestrained energy (156, 154). Still, there is a difference between energy that is, or comes to be, properly regulated and channeled--what we more typically find in an Austen heroine--and an absence of energy. A lack of vitality would seem to be a debilitating condition indeed for a heroine; why must Fanny be rendered so feeble? John Wiltshire explains Fanny's frailty in somatic terms: her disempowered status and her "unspeakable" desire for Edmund (66) are "driven back into and played out in her body" (72). What I propose to consider are not the moral or psychological meanings her insubstantial body holds, but rather its narrative purpose. Why does Mansfield, Park require its heroine to be so physically weak and to exhibit a moral strictness that hovers perilously close to priggishness? (1) It is my contention that the perplexing aspects of Fanny's characterization stem from the subordination of her marriage plot to an adoption plot. As Tom Jones is the paradigmatic foundling of the British eighteenth-century novel, so Fanny Price is the paradigmatic adoptee of the British nineteenth-century novel. (2) Her weakness and meekness, so atypical of an Austen heroine, are conditions that allow Mansfield Park to negotiate the tension between the subject of adoption and the context of the estate, (3) whose ethos implies a commitment to traditional patterns of inheritance. In so doing, Mansfield Park expanded the possibilities of the adoption plot in ways that informed its further development in Victorian fiction. It is an obvious but also an important distinction between Fanny and Austen's other heroines that she is the only one Austen depicts as a child. Fanny's childhood matters in a way the others' childhoods do not because in her case, marriage merely ratifies a process that has already happened through an alternative method of family realignment, the practice of adoption. She has always had Edmund's fraternal love, and the shift in the quality of his feelings to romantic love is a late and hastily dispatched affair in the narrative. It is her gradual enfranchisement as a daughter of the house that constitutes the central drama of the novel. Initially the figure against whom family membership is defined (Sir Thomas cautions before her arrival that she must always be made to "'remember that she is not a Miss Bertram'" [10]), she eventually replaces Maria and Julia as "the daughter that [(Sir Thomas] wanted" (472) and Edmund's "only sister'" (444)? Thus, as Rachel Bowlby puts it, Fanny's marriage to Edmund "functions almost as a confirmation of her full adoption" (172); it is the position she earns as daughter rather than as wife that secures her adult identity. The novel's terms of closure reflect the importance of adoption to its representational strategies. A discrete hint regarding the married couple's progeny suggests a lineal expansion of family in the traditional way: Fanny and Edmund are able to move to Mansfield Parsonage "just after they had been married long enough to begin to want an increase of income" (473). …


The low to high-field transition in KZnF3:Cr3+, induced by external pressure was observed through photoluminescence measurements at room temperature, T equals 90 K and T equals 20 K. Direct measurement of the lowest electronic level separation (Delta) , was accomplished through the low temperature experiments. Pressure coefficients of (Delta) are given. Emission spectra of KZnF3:Cr3+ obtained at several pressures and temperatures in the range [20 K - 90 K] allow for the construction of a Tanabe-Sugano type diagram illustrating the transition from low- to high-crystal-field regime for cubic and distorted centers. Assignments of sharp lines are given based on the analysis of these diagrams, time-resolved spectroscopy and transition lifetime. Emission measurements were performed at atmospheric pressure and low temperature outside the pressure cell and also at several pressures for KZnF3:Co3+. Comparing the zero-phonon line positions and using the phonon dispersion relation of the host material and fine structure in the emission spectrum of KZnF3:Co2+ was identified. Pressure coefficients were obtained for several among the emission lines from which the values for zero-phonon lines were deduced. Analysis show that the spin-orbit parameter changes with pressure are negligible in KZnF3:Co2+.


The Near infrared camera (NIRCam) instrument for NASA is one of four science instruments to be installed into the Integrated Science Instrument Module of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) which is intended to conduct scientific observations over a five year mission. The NIRCam instrument incorporates multiple mechanisms that perform specific tasks as part of the observatory ground testing, instrument commissioning, and on-orbit science and diagnostics—all of which must operate between 293 and 37 K and be tested to typical launch and space environment standards. Two of these mechanisms, the pupil imaging lens assembly (PIL) and filter wheel assembly (FWA), use common bearing mounts designed for operation at ambient and cryo temperatures. Modifications to the existing bearing mounts were developed to address fretting damage and associated contamination between the bearing race inner diameter and fixed shaft interface. Comparative proto-flight level vibration testing of four (4) new design configurations was performed alongside a control configuration similar to the original design. To ensure the trial tests simulate worst case environments, the setup went through the equivalent of five 3-axis vibration tests, one single cryo cycle, and a post cryo-cycle vibe test. The final vibe test was run in a 5% relative humidity environment as requested by the customer to reflect latest thinking of the actual JWST launch environment. This paper presents details of the investigation, redesign trades, and trial testing that demonstrated that a titanium shaft with a diamond-like-coating along with a Nitronic-60 sleeve was the preferred configuration of the bearing mount design for both the FWA and PIL units.


a lcuin's nostalgic lament, written by a worried master to a former pupil traveling in distant and pestilent Italy (Italiafirma), captures the essence of learning in the early Middle Ages. Written sometime be tween 793 and Alcuin's death in 804, this touching portrait of the life of scholarship, with its emphasis on tranquility, close personal bonds be tween master and student, and communion with great minds, might have been written in any medieval century. But Alcuin was writing in the Caro lingian century at a time when education and learning were being radically transformed. Alcuin, an Anglo-Saxon born around 730 and educated at York, repre sents part of that transformation. Many like him who had been educated in the cathedral and monastic schools of England, Ireland, Spain, and Italy no doubt had been destined to replace their own masters. Instead, as adults they found themselves transplanted to the kingdoms of the Franks, where their learning, pedagogical skills, and books were put to a new task. That task, the effort to harness the quiet pursuit of religious life and wis dom to broad social reform, forced Carolingian leaders to think about schooling and how it might be used to achieve their goals. Two documents issued in the name of Charlemagne (ca. 742-814), one


The NOD‐like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a cytoplasmic protein complex that mediates inflammatory responses to a broad array of danger signals. The inflammasome drives caspase‐1 activation and promotes secretion of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐18, and might also participate in other cellular processes. Here, we tried to identify new pathways regulated by the NLRP3 inflammasome in murine dendritic cells (DCs) in response to monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Using a transcriptomic approach, we found that DCs from Nlrp3−/− mice responded to MSU with differential expression of genes involved in the DNA damage response and apoptosis. Upon exposure to MSU or other ROS‐mobilizing stimuli (rotenone and γ‐radiation), DNA fragmentation was markedly ameliorated in Nlrp3−/− and casp‐1−/− DCs compared with WT DCs. Moreover, Nlrp3−/− DCs experienced significantly less oxidative DNA damage mediated by ROS. A significant decrease of the expression of several genes involved in double‐strand and base‐excision DNA repair was observed in WT DCs. Basal DNA repair capacity in WT DCs resulted in activation and stabilization of p53 in vitro and in vivo, which resulted in increased cell death compared with that in Nlrp3−/− DCs. These data provide the first evidence for the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in DNA damage responses induced by cellular stress.


Piezoelectric actuator controlled by charge shows less hysteresis than by voltage. Several implementationsof charge control are reviewed. Observing their drawbacks, a new charge control method is developed based on a com-pound circuit combining voltage driving with current integrator. A compensatory resistor is added to integrator to com-pensate current leakage of piezoceramic. The method has been used in measuring piezoelectric birnorph's free displacementand linear displacement in PID tracking control in closed loop.


The World Ends With You: Reading as Participation
The last decades of research in the education field have shifted focus from the cognitive activities of autonomous individuals to participants' activities in situated learning practices. Yet, emphasis in the Bologna Process and in the on-going reforms of swedish education is on the learning subject as a free, rational consumer of neatly defined competencies that the labour market requires. The article argues that a stronger participants' perspective could help resist a neoliberal trend in education. Instead of thinking of participation as something that individuals do, the notion could be built upon radical constructivist systems theory. Learning and participation should be put in terms of construction and reconstruction of identity within evolving social systems. With the example of a piece of recent ergodic literature, the Nintendo DS game The World Ends With You, it is demonstrated how the common educational activity of reading can be described as a process of simultaneous construction of reader identity and meaning within a specific practice. The article argues that such a perspective counters the core notions in the neoliberal understanding of education, notably the autonomous individual and learning as an active acquisition of neatly defined knowledge that is »out there«. A new participants' perspective could also have immediate consequences for the choice of method and theme in every day practice in education.


The structure elucidations and complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments are reported for three new anthraquinone derivatives: Fusaquinon A (1), B (2), and C (3) isolated from the fermentation medium of the marine fungus Fusarium sp. (No. ZH‐210). HREIMS, Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrometry (FT‐IR), NMR experiments including gCOSY, gHMQC, gHMBC, and NOESY were used for the determination of the structures and NMR spectral assignments. Preliminary pharmacological test showed that they exhibited low cytotoxic activity towards KB, KBv200, and MCF‐7 cell lines. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This study is based on qualitative environmental health research techniques, aiming to understand risk perception among recycling material collectors working in a controlled sanitary garbage deposal unity in Jardim Gramacho (ACJG), Duque de Caxias Municipality, Rio de Janeiro State. As a data collection instrument, semi-structured interviews with key-informants were used, complemented with participatory observations with field notebook registers. Twenty-nine workers were interviewed, thirteen from the Jardim Gramacho Collectors Association (ACAMJG) and sixteen from the Gramacho Cooperative (COOPERGRAMACHO), fourteen men and fifteen women, with 40 years-old in average. These workers were in recycling material collecting business for fifteen years in average and had a low educational level, being 17% of them illiterate and 65% with incomplete elementary school degree. Data analyzed using Content Analysis techniques revealed that recycling material collecting is a dangerous and unhealthy activity, but is the only activity available for the workers survival. Risk perception analyses showed that due this survival need, most of the workers neglected environmental and health risks and minimum safety procedures, characterizing risk denial and danger minimizing. This configured a defensive ideology that, in a complementary analysis, the pathway these workers found to face risk situations common in their work quotidian.


The Hazarous Materials Information System of the Construction Professional Associations(GISBAU) is working on user-related product information about hazardous construction materials. This knowledge should become part of public law too. In some fields technical regulations are already. The actual state of the information system is presented as well as the possible use of low-emission products.


Prof. María Casado's Euthanasia Reviewed proposes as Spain's legislation on end-of-life the introduction of assisted suicide carried out by the patient and physician or a close relative, and bases this change on the concepts of respect for persons and solidarity which are recognised and guaranteed by the Spanish Constitution and Criminal Code. This proposed legal reform aims to be a response to the call for aligning Spain's current policies on end-of life with secular laws. In doing so, Prof. Casado has identified the laws, examined the hierarchy of rights under the Spanish Constitution and the Criminal Code, investigated the issues on voluntary and involuntary euthanasia, analysed a real case on euthanasia such as that of Ramon Sampedro, examined the sufferings of patients, and related the fundamental rights of suffering patients to respect for persons and solidarity which are recognised and guaranteed under the Spanish Constitution and Criminal Code. Spanish laws, according to Dr Casado's analysis, are univocal rather than equivocal. While they recognise and guarantee the right to life which asserts the sanctity or inviolability of life that should never be deliberately brought to an end, the right to freedom of choice, which treats life as instrumentally valuable based on the autonomous individual's wishes and views of life, takes precedence. Thus, at the patient's wish, assisted suicide may be carried out by the patient and a physician or a close relative without incurring any criminal liability. She has called for the ousting of the traditional religious resistance to euthanasia such as vitalism and sanctity of life, in favor of a secular approach that prioritises patients' wishes. The time has come for Spanish laws on endof-life, according to her, to more openly adopt, by restoring a measure of coherence to laws, the inclusion of patients' wishes. She calls on lawmakers


On its way to become an international trade center,Shanghai should become a center not only of goods but also of services.The development of service trade will play an important and positive role in achieving the economic restructuring,realizing coordinated development between goods,and bringing into full play the city's historical and cultural advantage.This paper provides policy suggestions concerning these issues.


The previously undescribed combination of esophageal atresia, hypoplasia of the zygomatic complex, microcephaly, cup‐shaped ears, congenital heart defect, and mental retardation was diagnosed in two siblings of different sexes, with the brother being more severely affected. The mother presented with zygomatic arch hypoplasia of the right side only. We discuss major differential diagnoses: Goldenhar, Feingold, CHARGE, and Treacher Collins syndromes show a few overlapping clinical features, but these diagnoses are unlikely as the clinical findings are unusual for Goldenhar syndrome and mutational screening of the MYCN, the CHD7, and the TCOF1 genes did not reveal any abnormalities. Autosomal recessive oto–facial syndrome, hypomandibular faciocranial dysostosis, and Ozkan syndromes were clinically excluded. A microdeletion 22q11.2 was excluded by FISH analysis, a microdeletion 2p23‐p24 by microsatellite analyses, a subtelomeric chromosomal aberration by MLPA, and a small genomic deletion/duplication by CGH array. As X‐inactivation studies did not show skewed X‐inactivation in the mother, we consider X‐chromosomal recessive inheritance of this condition less likely. We discuss autosomal dominant inheritance with variable expressivity or mosaicism in the mother as the likely genetic mechanism in this new multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation (MCA/MR) syndrome. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Infrared absorption at longitudinal optical (LO) frequency was measured in amorphous aluminum oxide, amorphous magnesium oxide and their mixtures. It was found that the LO mode of a mixture of these oxides has a single peak, and its position lies between those of the constituents if two oxides are mixed on the order of angstroms. The LO mode of amorphous MgAl2O4 is also reported.


The difference in style and temperament in the way Eastern and Western theologians approach their common subject, already evident in Patristic times, became very marked after the 12th century with the rise of scholasticism in the West. Today both are challenged by the newly emerging theological paradigm. Theologians of both traditions are called to engage in a new 'patristic' enterprise, namely to search together for ways of expressing the mystery of redemption which can once again engage our contemporaries in the age of post-modernity.


e14009 Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) are one of the central tools in cellular anti-tumor immunotherapy, being characterized by their capacity for acquiring and processing antigens and ability to produce strong antitumor immune responses. The production of clinical grade ex-vivo monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs) is the most frequent approach for antitumor vaccines production. Recently, therapeutic resistance to radio/chemotherapy and disease recurrence was shown to be in part due to a small cancer stem cell (CSCs) population present in tumors. Methods: Here, we aim to target and eradicate CSCs by developing a novel DC-based immunotherapy vaccine for pancreatic and non-small cells lung cancer (NSCLC), comparing the loading of CSCs vs. classical tumor lysates. Results: CSCs from PANC-1 (pancreatic cancer) and A549 (NSCLC) cell lines were successfully isolated and characterized, overexpressing stem-like markers: NANOG, OCT4, SOX2 and CD133. CSCs resistance to Gemcitabine was also assessed. Before comparing the 2 types of vaccine loading, we also analyzed the impact of 3 GMP free-serum culture media on the phenotype and functional abilities of Mo-DCs. DCs cultured in X-VIVO 15 and AIM-V media show enhanced production of IL-12 and are able to induce a superior stimulation of T cells, mainly CTLs and Th1 subsets. By contrast, DCs cultured in DendriMACS are more prone to induce Treg polarization. Conclusions: Overall, our data demonstrate that blood monocytic precursors present considerable plasticity allowing a tailored differentiation of DCs just by changing the nutritive support. We also highlight the need of critically defining the culture medium to be used in DC cancer immunotherapy in order to attain desired cell characteristics and by consequent robust responses. Finally, our preliminary results indicate that loading DCs with CSCs antigens may be an effective strategy to target and destroy this resilient cancer cell population.


Experiments were conducted by adding waterproof additive to ure-aformaldehyde resins adhesive to enhance the water resistant feature of the adhesive utilized in particle board manufacture process,reduce the depth of moisture absorption and expansion ratio of the particle board products to meet the national standard.


iv Of Ocean and Sea v Introduction 1 Liquid 9 Sea Plunge WAVE: Sea Plunge I 11 WAVE: Sea Plunge II 20 WAVE: Death as a Voyage of Discovery 29 Sea Drift WAVE: Sea Days, Sea Nights  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 33 WAVE: Wonders of the Sea 40 WAVE: Invitation and Response 44 WAVE: Tidal Drift  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 46 Immersion WAVE: Sea Deep/Sea Strange: Heron Island Research Station 51 WAVE: The Moment of Risk 57 WAVE: When I paint, which 'body' do I paint with? 59 WAVE: Abstraction/Figuration 61 WAVE: Seas 63 WAVE: Micky and the Whale  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 75 WAVE: Incubation (floundering in the whale) 81 Cross-Currents WAVE: Kamin Lertchaiprasert's Sitting 85 WAVE: Philip Wolfhagen and the thickness of the sea 87 WAVE: Julie Mehretu: Chaotic balance and the flow of change 90 WAVE: Someone's Universe: Eugene Carchesio 92 WAVE: Runge's Morning  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 95 WAVE: Hilma af Klint: Time expressions of eternity 96 WAVE: Rosslynd Piggott: Light and vibrational space 104 Riding the Wave WAVE: Heartmath 107 WAVE: The Sympathy of Things 108 WAVE: Sea 111 Conclusion 120 Patty Smith and the gesture to disclose  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 128 Appendix: What drives me 129 Acknowledgements 130 Bibliography 131


This paper introduces a novel morphological random walker (MRW) technique for hyperspectral anomaly detection. The proposed MRW detector introduces a morphology-based objective function into a random walker (RW) optimization model, which can fully exploit the morphological property of anomalies for detection. Specifically, the proposed algorithm consists of two main steps. First, the extended morphological profiles and differential operations are employed to exploit the morphological property of anomalies. Then, based on the morphological property, a morphology-based objective function is constructed, and this objective function is incorporated into the RW-based optimization model for anomaly detection. Experimental results show that the proposed detector outperforms several state-of-the-art anomaly detectors.


Arrhenoblastoma causing masculinity in the female is an uncommon neoplasm in man and animals (2,5). In man it was first described as a testicular adenoma of the ovary (16). In a review of the literature in 1960, 240 human cases were reported (15). Sex reversal in birds due to various causes has been reported (1,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,16,17,19), but arrhenoblastoma as the precise cause of the sex reversal has been described in only a few instances (3,10,18). The rarity of this neoplasm justifies presentation of this clinical record.


It is an established principle that an individual who is adversely affected by a public nuisance may not sue in tort unless he can show that he has suffered 'particular damage' over and above that suffered by the general public. Traditionally the principle has been justified on the ground of prevention of multiplicity of suits. It is argued that unless the complainant's injury is in some way distinguishable from that suffered by the general public, the proper plaintiff is the Attorney General as the public's representative; otherwise the wrongdoer could be punished 'a hundred times for the same cause'.


The relative contribution of intraluminal versus peritubular factors in mediating glomerulo‐tubular balance (GTB) is still controversial. We modulated the load of tubular fluid to the proximal tubule of single nephrons of rats by injecting oil into the efferent arteries (EAO). In fifty nephrons the changes in reabsorption induced by obstruction occurred in the same direction as, and were significantly correlated with, the simultaneous changes in single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) (y = ‐0.54 + 0.92x, R = 0.91, P < 0.0001). In an additional set of thirty‐nine nephrons the load of tubular fluid was changed, during EAO, by partial collection from Bowman's space or from the early proximal convolution. Thus, the rate of tubular fluid delivery along the proximal tubule was changed in an experimental situation that prevented any modification in the oncotic pressure of peritubular capillaries. The changes in proximal deliveries during this experimental condition were significantly correlated with those during reabsorption (y = ‐2.87 + 0.71x, R = 0.82, P < 0.0001). These data demonstrate that GTB is fully expressed even when the native peritubular environment is kept constant while the rate of perfusion of proximal tubular segments with native tubular fluid is changed.


Wave load and wave run-up is a very important issue to offshore wind turbine foundations. These are often installed in relatively shallow water on for instance sand banks. Therefore the non-linear shoaling and subsequently the force and run-up are important to address. The paper presents a method to combine a Boussinesq model with a CFD model. This gives an accurate tool to estimate wave loads on the foundations at acceptable computational times.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


The connotation of "finalizability" and "unfinalizability" in Bakhtin's thoughts is much richer than that in people's common comprehension.In his early works,Bakhtin criticizes the finalizability of epistemology on one hand;and on the other hand discovers the unfinalizability of individual existence.But discussing the relation of author and host,the existence of human beings possesses double features of "finalizability" and "unfinalizability" on value.In his discussion on polyphony,"finalizability" tinges passive meaning;however,"unfinalizability" is praised.Meanwhile,"finalizability" is inherently related to consummateness and God,"unfinalizability" signifies some demerits.But this "finalizability" is also unfinalizable,which sets up the structure of Messiah and shows the theological content in Bakhtin's thoughts.


Implementation of well-timed and successful reforms is an important cornerstone of economic strength in Georgia. An important element of economic development and long-term economic growth is the reform of the compulsory cumulative pension system, which began in Georgia in 2019 and is being successfully implemented to this day. But, the problem is that the implementation of any long-term and large-scale reform faces certain challenges that require a deep analysis of the reform and the development of effective mechanisms for sustainable development. Due to the low investment culture of the society, the reform of the cumulative mandatory pension system has great social importance and is characterized by high public interest.


As a traditional assignment of multi-robot system, flocking draws much attention recently and numerous methods are proposed. In this survey we present the flocking research and characteristics which focus on the development in the past six years. A new direction of flocking is proposed in this paper, through which we can realize the flocking in a dynamic environment. With the rapid development of the technology, some novel methods are used to feature extraction. Lastly, we demonstrate the state and possible challenges of flocking and some valuable advices about the development trend of flocking.


This paper addresses issues with current practice in seismic hazard analysis and gives some recommendations for improvements. A review of probabilistic and deterministic approaches is given. The remainder of the paper is focused on PSHA. There continue to be hazard studies that do not properly treat the ground motion variability, leading to systematic underestimations of the hazard. Next, some of the short-comings in current PSHA practice that can be improved without major revisions to the overall methodology are discussed. These include selecting the bin size for the deaggregation, use of Uniform Hazard Spectra, estimation of scenario spectra, estimation of epistemic uncertainty, degree of spatial smoothing of seismicity, and the use of a strict lower bound magnitude. Finally, the future directions of PHSA are addressed. These include incorporating site-specific site response into PSHA and taking project specific structure response into account in conducting PHSA.


In this study, the fundamental denitions and theorems
regarding intuitionistic fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy
ideals of commutative ring R with identity have been given as preliminaries.
After the preliminaries, we introduce the notions of
intuitionistic fuzzy weakly prime ideals, intuitionistic fuzzy partial
weakly prime ideals, intuitionistic fuzzy weakly semiprime ideals of
R. Also, we give some relations between intuitionistic fuzzy weakly
prime ideals and weakly prime ideals of R.


Healing landscapes are landscape types in healthcare facilities which absorb natural elements and are conducive to users' body-mind health. Although their positive effects are verified by empirical researches, the design strategies are still in discussion. Based on evolution theory, biophilic design is a method that explores the harmonious coexistence between human and nature and plays a positive role to human health. The paper aimed to discuss the possibility of applying this method in healing landscapes. The concepts of biophilic and biophilic design were explained and its enlightenment to healing landscapes was analyzed. The positive effects of the four abstract nature characteristics to human health and space design were discussed In addition, with a case study of the application of biophilic design in healing landscapes, the idea that healing landscapes should creatively adopt biophilic method as a complementary method to evidence-based design was proposed.


The present invention relates to a particulate material and a solid dosage form notably tablets comprising a regularly shaped calcium-containing compound such as a calcium salt as a therapeutically and/or prophylactically active substance and a pharmaceutically acceptable sugar alcohol such as, e.g., sorbitol and/or isomalt that has a micro structure as evidenced by SEM. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the particulate material and solid dosage form. The process involves agglomeration of the calcium-containing compound and the pharmaceutically acceptable sugar alcohol by means of roller compaction. The particulate material obtained by roller compaction is suitable for use in the further processing of the particulate material into e.g. tablets such as chewing tablets.


An organically templated manganese phosphate, Mn 6 (H 2 O) 2 (HPO 4 ) 4 (PO4) 2 ·C 4 N 2 H 12 ·H 2 O, has been synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and magnetic measurements. The compound is structurally closely related to both a magnesium phosphate and an iron phosphate, and crystallizes in the triclinic space group P -1 (No. 2) with a =12.81926(12) A, b =15.87361(20) A, c =6.47912(7) A, α =99.8660(11)°, β = 90.3913(10)°, γ =103.4265(9)°, V =1261.928(25) A 3 , and Z =2. The structure consists of anionic sheets of manganese phosphate separated by piperazinium cations and water molecules. The basic building unit of the inorganic layers is a hexamer of edge-sharing Mn polyhedra. Magnetic susceptibility measurements and bond valence calculations confirm the assignment of high-spin Mn 2+ ( d 5 ) in the title compound.


Abstract The potassium salts of the three new potential chelating ligands dihydrobis-, hydrotris- and tetrakis(6-nitro-indazoly1)borate anions have been synthesized by refluxing potassium borohydride and 6-nitroindazole in DMF in the appropriate molar ratio. These salts have been used to form complexes with the 3d transition metal ions vanadium through copper. The complexes of dihydrobis(6-nitroindazoly1)borate anion with V(III) and Fe(III) are octahedral, whereas Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes have tetrahedral geometry. The Cr(II) complex has been observed to be tetragonally distorted. The hydrotris(6-nitroindazoly1)borate anion gave rise to only octahedral complexes of the above metal ions except for Cr(II) and Cu(II) which gave rise to complexes with tetragonally distorted octahedral geometry. The tetrakis(6-nitroindazoly1)-borate anion is found to be a substituted variant of the hydrotris ligend.


Objective:To investigate the effect of aristolochic acid on secretory Phospholipase A2(sPLA2) activity of human kidney cells(HKCs) in vitro.Methods:HKCs were cultured with aristolochic acid(AA) and/or sPLA2 agonists including lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and CaCl2.sPLA2 activity in the supernatant of HKCs was determined with sPLA2 assay kit.Results:Compared with the normal group,sPLA2 activity in the supernatant of 10 mg/L group decreased slightly(P0.05)while sPLA2 activity increased markedly in AA 20 mg/L and 40 mg/L treated HKC groups.There was positive correlation between sPLA2 activity and AA concentration(10~40 mg/L,r=0.923,P0.01),or cultured time(40 mg/L AA,12 h~48 h,r=0.797,P0.01) significantly.2.AA inhibited sPLA2 activated by 1 200 μmol/L CaCl2 or 1 200 ng/ml LPS in a concentration-dependent manner.(r=0.765,P0.01 and r=0.936,P0.01,repectively).Conclusion:AA inhibited sPLA2 activated by LPS or CaCl2 in a concentration-dependent manner.In the meantime,AA(concentration≥20 mg/L) could damage sPLA2 activiation by HKC.So we concluded that,sPLA2 activity cannot reach what the damage should have,when there is an aristolochic acid nephropathy.


This paper presents key techniques of the interactive issue in IE explorer by using the technologies of ActiveX controls.The System of 3-D interactive issue based on ASP is developed,this system has avoided to the single model programming and the graph data conversion.It can realize each function of interactive browsing,and it is a kind of more practical way for product net issues.


This paper analytically evaluates the FEC(Forward Error Correction) symbol size`s effect on the performance and energy consumption of 802.11 protocol with the block FEC algorithm over WSN(Wireless Sensor Network). Since the basic recovery unit of block FEC algorithms is symbols not bits, the FEC symbol size affects the packet correction rate even with the same amount of FEC check bits over a given WSN channel. Precisely, when the same amount of FEC check bits are allocated, the small-size symbols are effective over channels with frequent short bursts of propagation errors while the large ones are good at remedying the long rare bursts. To estimate the effect of the FEC symbol site, the paper at first models the WSN channel with Gilbert model based on real packet traces collected over TIP50CM sensor nodes and measures the energy consumed for encoding and decoding the RS (Reed-Solomon) code with various symbol sizes. Based on the WSN channel model and each RS code`s energy expenditure, it analytically calculates the transmission efficiency and power consumption of 802.11 equipped with RS code. The computational analysis combined with real experimental data shows that the RS symbol size makes a difference of up to 4.2% in the transmission efficiency and 35% in energy consumption even with the same amount of FEC check bits.


Three-phase circuit instantaneous reactive power theory has received a successful application in detecting harmonic and reactive current timely, the ip-iq and d-q method of first proposed require the phase-locked loop and low-pass filter. The paper make corresponding improvement on the basis of the method based on amplitude integration which only can detect fundamental current , propose a method which can detect the active and reactive current, and the method based on amplitude integration can detect fundamental current of single-phase circuit directly, and simulation. The simulation results show that the method can detect the harmonic and reactive current accurately and timely, and is suitable for various circumstances that three-phase power supply distortion and asymmetry and so on, and when only detecting the harmonic current, it does not require the phase-locked loop and low-pass filter, while detecting the harmonic and reactive current, increases the phase-locked loop; when the method based on amplitude integration is directly used to detect single-phase fundamental current, the phase-locked loop and low-pass filter are not required. The paper deduces the theory of the method and researches on simulation analysis.


The interruption of human with river system results in damage on river health and influences the human sustainable development.As the case study of Shenzhen River,a new indicator system based on eco-environment and social economic service functions is established for river health assessment by the analysis of the relationship between river health and its functions.Combined with the calculation of index to describe the health status of each function and the analytical hierarchy process(AHP) method applied to confirm the weights at different level,a Health Comprehensive Index(HCI) depicting the synthetic action by all the functions is defined to present river health.Results indicate that, the systems of Shenzhen River in 2006 and 1996 are destroyed in the medium degree.It is also found that ecology and self-purification functions are severely damaged.Furthermore,the health status of Shenzhen River in 2006 is worse than it is in 1996.According to the analysis of water environment and social economic characteristics of Shenzhen River basin,water pollution and water shortage are the main reasons for the damage of functions.Sewage interception and water supplement will be first considered in order to improve Shenzhen River health by ecological rehabilitation in future.


Aim:  There is uncertainty about the best method of withdrawing supplemental oxygen in babies with chronic neonatal lung disease (CNLD). Some authors advocate withdrawal of oxygen in the day, but continuing supplementation during sleep, based on early work suggesting that oxygen saturations are lower during sleep, which did not accord with our clinical impression. We re‐examined the hypothesis that babies have lower saturations while asleep.


Subtitle: Soaring fuel prices and the side effects of outsourcing to China are causing supply chain managers to seek new solutions for managing buffer stock while keeping down costs.


In line with the recent school improvement policies, there has been a significant shift of emphasis from effective schools to quality schools, and then to learning organisations. High priority is accorded in SMI (School Management Initiative) and ECR7 (Education Commission Report No. 7) to the professional development of principals, teachers and other key participants. It enables educators to see how the world has changed and then change their work accordingly.


This report presents a study of the effectiveness of the transit telephone information system on trip behavior at Metropolitan Transit Authority ( MTA), from both the user's and the operator's perspective. The objectives of the experiment were: 1) to assess the perception of dynamic transit information service, 2) to identify the media which can most effectively disseminate transit information, and 3) to compare the information service by human operators with the service by an automated system. The study looks at both the supply and the demand side of the provision of telephone information. It explores the way transit information is recorded and used by callers, and looks at the potential impact on their mode choice decision.


Enhanced water-solubility of ametryn herbicide is achieved by means of crystal engineering approach, providing an alternative for the production of reduced and high efficiency agrochemical dosage formulations.


A novel Mode II test specimen has been developed that has potential application in understanding phenomena associated with mixed-mode fatigue failures in high performance aircraft engine bearing races. The attributes of the specimen are as follows: it contains one single-ended notch, which simplifies data gathering and reduction; the fatigue crack grows in-line with the direction of load application; a single axis test machine is sufficient to perform testing; and the Mode I component is vanishingly small.


We present a facile strategy to synthesize bulk hierarchical porous Pd materials (BHPPd) with pores ranging from a few nanometers to tens of micrometers through chemical dealloying of porous PdAl intermetallics. Owing to the small surface diffusivities of Pd atoms, the pore/ligament size of BHPPd did not coarsen remarkably as the concentration of HCl aqueous solution increases. Thermal stability properties of BHPPd materials at different temperature ranging from 673 to 1073 K were evaluated. BHPPd materials show superior thermal stability, whose bicontinuous interpenetrating ligament-channel structure can be maintained even after being annealed at 1073 K for 30 min. Such properties can be attributed to less defects and less-noble metal residues. Moreover, compression properties of BHPPd materials were also investigated.


Recent range extensions of R. venosa along the Argentine coastline are presented (2010-2013), including the finding of an individual in Mar Chiquita lagoon (200 km southwards of the Río de la Plata). We discuss potential mechanisms for this expansion.


The article offers a brief review of the exhibition "Phantoms of the Clark Expedition," featuring works by the artist Mark Dion inspired by the 1908 expedition to China by Robert Sterling Clark, on view at the Explorers Club in New York City beginning May 9, 2012.


Abstract Juncus marginatus is native in eastern North America, west to Arizona. Recent California treatments considered it a native species, and rare. Its collection history in Oregon and California was examined to determine if those populations are native or introduced. The earliest Oregon records are 1991 from disturbed sites. The earliest Calfornia records are from disturbed mining sites in 1965 and 1971. At least one California population is associated with exotic cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon, a documented vector for transport of propagules of wetland species native to eastern North America. Eight other Juncus species native to eastern North America are naturalized in the Pacific States, lending support to introduced status for J. marginatus in California. Subsequent discoveries of J. marginatus in Oregon and California suggest the species is expanding its adventive range into less disturbed plant communities.


Important Findings This study demonstrated that quails infected with A/chicken/Iran/ 339/02 (H9N2), which caused severe health and economic problem in 53-wk-old commercial layers, showed only mild disease signs and high egg production drops, with no rigorous morbidity or mortality. These results could indicate that inactivated vaccine did not fully prevent the infection, although it was capable of protecting birds against clinical signs and significantly decreased viral titer in lung after intranasal challenge.


1. The Roots of Fear and Repulsion 2. The First Steps Toward Admiration 3. A New Harmony Between the Body and the Sea 4. Penetrating the World's Enigmas 5. The Freshness of Wonder 6. The Ephemeral Journey 7. The Visit of the Harbor 8. The Encyclopaedia of the Strands 9. A World of Transparent Characters 10. The Pathos of the Shores and its Metamorphoses 11. Inventing the Beach.


This paper proposes a controller design procedure to satisfy practical control specifications for uncertain plants with random initial conditions. A discrete-time linear optimal controller structure is employed and a standard mathematical programming algorithm is used to compute the slate weighting matrix Q such that the specifications are satisfied. The design procedure is demonstrated via an example dealing with the design of a flight control system


Quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) has many applications that are directly related to the development of high-performance functional materials and biological macromolecules, especially those containing some water. The analysis method of QENS spectra data is important to obtain parameters that can explain the structure of materials and the dynamics of water. In this paper, we present a revised jump-diffusion and rotation-diffusion model (rJRM) used for QENS spectra data analysis. By the rJRM, the QENS spectra from a pure magnesium-silicate-hydrate (MSH) sample are fitted well for the Q range from 0.3 Å−1 to 1.9 Å−1 and temperatures from 210 K up to 280 K. The fitted parameters can be divided into two kinds. The first kind describes the structure of the MSH sample, including the ratio of immobile water (or bound water) C and the confining radius of mobile water a0. The second kind describes the dynamics of confined water in pores contained in the MSH sample, including the translational diffusion coefficient Dt, the average translational residence time τ0, the rotational diffusion coefficient Dr, and the mean squared displacement (MSD) 〈 u 2 〉 . The rJRM is a new practical method suitable to fit QENS spectra from porous materials, where hydrogen atoms appear in both solid and liquid phases.


This article examines the hypothesis that recent declines in black marriage rates have been driven by a declining pool of high-earning, young black men. Using 1970 and 1980 SMSA-level Census data to estimate a fixed-effect model of black marriage rates, I find that declines in the pool of "marriageable" black men are responsible for only a small fraction of the decline in black marriage rates. My estimates suggest that this decline in the number of high-earning, young black men explains only 3 to 4 percent of the decline in black marriage rates during the 1970s.


One kind of self-priming high flow centrifugal pumps, self-priming pump within the housing, there is an S-shaped bend, S-bend the upper end of the water pipe coupling, the lower end of the impeller inlet and the S-bend through n, a positive impeller inlet of an S-shaped bend outward, means a group (i.e., a plurality) rectangular nozzles all point to the rectangular outlet nozzle inlet of impeller, a diffusion pipe from the pump outlet to the rectangular nozzle inlet of the self-priming pump housing a major thoroughfare between. In this group of rectangular inlet nozzle, a spring can hold the valve plate, the valve may not be spring loaded plate. Advantageous effect of the invention is self-priming pump can be reduced while the volume, improve the self-priming pump Sheung speed at startup. You can also improve the efficiency of self-priming of the pump (with the valve at the nozzle inlet); or to improve the self-priming pump and the suction head (not installed at the nozzle inlet valve).


Who can mediatie? Is there a law that defines who can perform mediation? What kind of training programme is required? Do countries have a national organization of mediators?


Dade County, Florida has taken major steps to address all components of its public transportation system. This includes a recent study of the administrative and operational aspects of the area's taxicab system—the first project of this type in the country. As part of the study, a submodal split model was developed to quantify the relationship of taxicab ridership to that of all public transportation modes. The model was employed to test operational improvements such as taxicab pooling, advantaged flow taxicab service, central dispatch of all taxicab operations (with and without computer assistance), and various fare reductions. The results indicate possible expansions in 1985 taxicab patronage of between 5% and 10% over that expected without any improvements in the Dade County taxicab system. Significantly, if nothing is done to improve taxicab operations, by 1985, the soon-to-be-developed rapid transit system will limit taxicab service to no growth in its percentage share of the trip market and, in fact, divert a number of longer trips from this latter mode.


We evaluate time series observations of chromospheric lines (Mg u, Mg t, and C n) for the K giant _t Tau obtained using the IUE LWP camera at high dispersion. These observations cover a time span of about 2 weeks in 1994 February March and were designed to resolve variations occurring within hours, days, and weeks. We consider the observational results in relation to theoretical acoustic heating models, motivated by the fact that _t Tau may exhibit a basal (i.e., minimum) level of chromospheric activity. The data reveal flux variations between the extremes of 8% in Mg II h+k and 15% in each emission component. These variations occur on timescales as short as 8 hr but not on timescales longer than ~3 days. For the h and k components, flux variations occurring on a timescale as short as 1.5 hr are also found. These changes are often not correlated (and are sometimes even anticorrelated), leading to remarkable differences in the h/k ratios. We argue that these results are consistent with the presence of strong acoustic shocks, which can lead to variable Mg n line emission when only a small number of strong shocks are propagating through the atmosphere. We deduce the electron density in the C n] 22325 line formation region to be log N e "_ 9.0, in agreement with previous studies. Our data provide evidence that the Mg II basal flux limit for K giants might be a factor of 4 higher than suggested by Rutten et al.


Films of Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis and Candida parapsilosis were prepared and the infrared spectra of these films were obtained in the region 4000 to 1000 cm-1, with resolution of 4 cm-1, in the transmission mode, at 20 oC. Fifty four spectra were obtained, 18 of each microorganism, with the PerkinElmer Spotlight 400 FT-IR, which has a microscope attached to a FT-IR spectrophotometer. The spectra were analyzed through three methods: (1) mere visual inspection; (2) multivariate statistical analysis; (3) curve-fitting for determining secondary structures of proteins. In the region 1200 to 1000 cm-1, the spectral bands show differences that can be seen by a mere visual inspection. On the other hand, the amide I bands, in the region 1710 to 1590 cm-1, have the same visual aspect for the three microorganisms. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to analyze these amide I bands of all the 54 spectra. Principal component analysis (PCA) and techniques of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA, Hierarchical Clustering Analysis) according to Ward's method were applied using the software MINITAB 15. The results show a clear discrimination of the three microorganisms. The average spectrum of each microorganism was obtained in the amide I band. Each average spectrum was analyzed by curve-fitting for the determination of secondary structures of proteins. The software used was the ORIGIN 7.5 and the results confirm the discrimination obtained through multivariate statistical analysis. This result shows that multivariate statistical analysis can be useful to discriminate infrared spectra of different microorganisms. Furthermore, this work shows that the amide I bands of the infrared spectra of Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, and Candida parapsilosis provide a set of data of known group structure that can be useful to test statistical algorithms of cluster analysis.


Chronic toxicity of a solution, containing 1.5% of Hydrofluozirconic acid and 1.0% of Ammonium bifluoride as the active ingredients, to two freshwater species was investigated in this study. The fathead minnow, Pimephalespromelas, and the water flea, Ceriodaphniadubia, were used as test organisms. Survival, growth and/or reproduction were used as endpoints. The solution had a low pH of 2.5 and was highly toxic to both species. Following 7 days of exposure of fathead fry to the solution, a 7 day LC 50 of 2.26% was obtained. A survival NOEC of 1.25% solution and a growth NOEC of 0.625% was obtained. Survival data from the ceriodaphnia toxicity test produced an 8 day LC 50 of 3.11%. A survival NOEC of 2.5% and a reproduction NOEC of 0.625% was also determined. Fathead minnow fry were tested again for chronic toxicity after adjusting the pH of the solution from 2.5 to 7.5. The pH adjusted solution yielded a 7 day LC 50 of less than 6.25%, the lowest concentration tested. Both survival and growth had a NOEC of less than 6.25%.


The 44th annumal session of the Indian Science Congress .Association was held in Calcutta during the middle of January last. Dr. B. C. Roy, Chief Minister of West Bengal, was the general President for the session and the Statistics Section met under the presidentship of Dr. P. K. Bose of Calcutta University. Dr. Bose delivered his presidential address on 'Statistical Methods in Psychometric Research'. Two symposia-one on 'Recent Contributions to Statistical Inference' and the other on 'Role of Statistics in .Agriculture and Biology'-were held. Besides, a number of papers on theoretical and applied statistics were read and discussed, and Prof. J. Neyman of California University, U. S. A. and Dr. T. Kitagawa of Kyusyu University, Japan, addressed the Statistics Section respectively on "Research work being done in University of California Statistics Department" and "Linear TJ;anslatable Functional Operator and the Estimation of Function of Parameter". Dr. K. Kishen, Chief Statistician to the Department of Agriculture, Govt. of U. P., Lucknow, was elected President of the Section of Statistics for the next annual session to be held in Madras. Dr. N. M. Bhatt of Baroda University will continue as the Recorder of the Section.


Background: Cardiac arrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation, are among the most common early complications of open-heart surgery. Hypomagnesemia is one of the clinical mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of postoperative atrial fibrillation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of magnesium sulfate on the prevention of atrial fibrillation in patients with abnormal P-wave duration who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)surgery. Methods: In this clinical trial, 150 patients participated who had undergone CABG surgery at Imam Khomeini hospital in Ahvaz in 2014. According to the inclusion criteria, the intervention and control groups were randomly matched. The intervention group, consisting of 57 patients, received 2.4 g of magnesium sulfate daily for three days and 75 patients of the control group received a placebo. Prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation by magnesium sulfate was evaluated in patients and data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The two groups did not have a significant difference in terms of gender, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Also, mean P-wave duration, length of intensive care unit stay, the total length of hospitalization, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), distribution of creatinine, atrial fibrillation, and aortic clamp time in intervention and control groups were not statistically significant. Only, the total pump duration difference was reported to be statistically significant between groups. Conclusion: The results of our study showed that the administration of magnesium sulfate alone cannot be helpful in the prevention of atrial fibrillation among patients with long P-wave duration. Trial Registration: https://www.irct.ir/, Identifier: IRCT2015092814190N9


To study the sensitivity of different soybean germplasm resources to glyphosate,1 365 soybean materials were sprayed with glyphosate isopropylamine brine agent 1 230 g /hm2 in 2- 3 trifid leaf stages, and the phytotoxicity levels( level 1-10) was divided according to the degree of soybean phytotoxicity,survival rate and podding rate,the higher the level the heavier the phytotoxicity and the higher the sensitivity. The results showed that all tested soybeans after spraying glyphosate showed different degrees of phytotoxicity symptoms,characterized by leaves yellow even dry,plant dwarf,phytotoxicity level from 10 to 2,there were 366 materials of sensitive soybean characterized by level 9 to 10,it had 340 materials about more sensitive that phytotoxicity level 8,there were 268 of moderately sensitive materials characterized by level 6 to 7,and level 4- 5 materials had 241 of some patience soybean to glyphosate,92 materials had better patient performance by level 3,there were 58 of patience good soybeans by level 2. There were differences between the different soybean germplasm materials on the sensitivity of glyphosate,the tested wild soybeans were sensitive and the proportion of patience germplasm in summer sowing soybean materials was higher than that of other materials.


Abstract Eggs, larvae, and pupae of Culex tarsalis Coquillett were treated with ecdysones, juvenile hormone analogs, and 6-oxooctanoic acid. Effects of these agents on mortality, induction of supernumerary stages, and adult emergence were determined. Topical treatment of eggs with CRD9499 (a juvenile hormone analog), β-ecdysone, and 22-isoecdysone caused a reduction in adult emergence. Treatment of fourth-instar larvae with these chemicals not only induced mortality but also caused the formation of supernumerary intermediate stages. Larvae of C. tarsalis were very susceptible to CRD9499, but pupae were resistant. The ecdysones caused some mortality but only at very high doses and would thus be of little use as larvicides. 6-Oxooctanoic acid caused high rates of mortality at 0.001 M concentrations.


A mathematical formulation is presented for describing the transport of air, water, NAPL, and energy through porous media. The development follows a continuum mechanics approach. The theory assumes the existence of various average macroscopic variables which describe the state of the system. Balance equations for mass and energy are formulated in terms of these macroscopic variables. The system is supplemented with constitutive equations relating fluxes to the state variables, and with transport property specifications. Specification of phase equilibrium criteria, various mixing rules and thermodynamic relations completes the system of equations. A numerical simulation scheme based on finite-differences is described.


The main purpose of this study is to analyse how the main themes of alienation and the search for identity is portrayed by Swedish author Inger Edelfeldt. I have applied the theories of Rita Felski ...


The d-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase (2HADH) family illustrates a complex evolutionary history with multiple lateral gene transfers and gene duplications and losses. As a result, the exact functional annotation of individual members can be extrapolated to a very limited extent. Here, we revise the previous simplified view on the classification of the 2HADH family; specifically, we show that the previously delineated glyoxylate/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GHPR) subfamily consists of two evolutionary separated GHRA and GHRB subfamilies. We compare two representatives of these subfamilies from Sinorhizobium meliloti (SmGhrA and SmGhrB), employing a combination of biochemical, structural, and bioinformatics approaches. Our kinetic results show that both enzymes reduce several 2-ketocarboxylic acids with overlapping, but not equivalent, substrate preferences. SmGhrA and SmGhrB show highest activity with glyoxylate and hydroxypyruvate, respectively; in addition, only SmGhrB reduces 2-keto-d-gluconate, and only SmGhrA reduces pyruvate (with low efficiency). We present nine crystal structures of both enzymes in apo forms and in complexes with cofactors and substrates/substrate analogues. In particular, we determined a crystal structure of SmGhrB with 2-keto-d-gluconate, which is the biggest substrate cocrystallized with a 2HADH member. The structures reveal significant differences between SmGhrA and SmGhrB, both in the overall structure and within the substrate-binding pocket, offering insight into the molecular basis for the observed substrate preferences and subfamily differences. In addition, we provide an overview of all GHRA and GHRB structures complexed with a ligand in the active site.


The article deals with the history of economic regulation in the USA in the beginning of the XX century. Such problems as antitrust policy of American presidents Th. Roosevelt, W.H. Taft, and W. Th. Wilson and their policies of foreign expansion both in Latin America and in the Far East are discussed. Author made his conclusion that Wilson's «New Democracy» was a base of the so-called «New Deal» of F.D. Roosevelt.


Plant growth regulators can control the growth of lawn grass.By describing the application mechanism of plant growth regulators,detailed summarized on how to rationally use them in lawn management.On the other hand,aimed at seven kinds of common plant growth regulators,detailed introduced their chemical properties,mechanism and use methods in lawn management.


OUT of the present terrible conflict there will arise upon its termination widespread calls for succour and help, said Dr. Wellington Koo, the Chinese Ambassador, at the Conference on Science and World Order, in opening a discussion on post–war relief. The need of care for the sick, food for the hungry, nourishment for the young, housing for the homeless, prevention of epidemics, and many other forms of assistance will be pressing. All this requires planning, and science can do much to facilitate it.


The cell wall is a critical structural entity for bacterial survival. Cell wall components and cell wall biosynthetic enzymes are the targets of antibiotics. A bacterial cell wall component, peptidoglycan (PG), is a disaccharide consisting of repeating N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)-N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) moieties with a pentapeptide (L-Ara-γ-Dglu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala or diaminopimelic acid (DAP) instead of L-Lys) attached to the D-lactyl moiety of each NAM. The pentapeptide stem participates in an interglycan crosslinking reaction, thus creating the cell wall polymer. The three-dimensional (3D) structure of two other β-1,4glucan biopolymers, namely, cellulose (repeating glucose) and chitin (repeating NAG) has been determined; however, the 3D structure of PG has not been elucidated because of its complexity and the lack of pure and discrete segments for structural analysis. Determination of the structure of bacterial PG has been the subject of extensive investigation and speculation for the past 40 years. Mobashery et al. have proposed the 3D structure of PG by using an aqueous solution structure obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of a 2-kDa synthetic NAG-NAM (pentapeptide)-NAG-NAM (pentapeptide) tetrasaccharide cell wall fragment [Hasek, D. et al., J. Org. Chem. (2004) 69, 2137; Meroueh, S. O. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2006) 103, 4404]. Conventionally, the PG strand is oriented parallel to the bacterial outer membrane surface; however, Mobashery et al. proposed that the PG strand is oriented orthogonal to the membrane. First, Mobashery et al. determined the monomeric solution structure of the synthetic 2-kDa segment on the basis of NMR analysis results and molecular modeling; subsequently, they used this structure to determine the solution structure of the oligomer by computer prediction. On the basis of the average length of the PG of Gram-negative Escherichia coli strain W7, which consists of nine NAGNAM repeats, they predicted the structure of longer PGs by using the defined and repeating glycosidic torsion angles of the synthetic segment. The result indicates a right-handed helix having three NAG-NAM repeats per turn. The axis of the helix shows threefold symmetry with the peptide stems. The threefold symmetry of the PG has profound implications. 抗菌剤のターゲットとしてのペプチドグリカンの生物有機化学


Materials and Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using a semistructured, in-depth interview method with 16 older people living in the east of Turkey. The interviews were conducted through the mobile application WhatsApp, as the older people were in the risk group for infection. The sample group was reached using the snowball method. When the data obtained from the participants reached the saturation level, two more interviews were conducted, and then the interviews were ended. After the recorded interviews were transcribed, they were subjected to conventional content analysis.


We present a dynamic deontic logic for specifying and reason ing about complex contracts. The concepts that our contract logic CL captures are drawn from legal contracts, as we consider that these are more general and expressive that what is usually fo und in computer science (like in software contracts, web services specifications, or commun ication protocols).CL is intended to be used in specifying complex contracts found in computer science. This influences many of the design decisions behind CL. We adopt anought-to-doapproach to deontic logic and apply the deontic modalities exclusively over actions. The actio ns that we consider are not just basic atomic actions, as in standard multi-modal logics, but have a complex structure that extends the regular structure of the dynamic logic actions. We add to CL the dynamic logic modality so to be able to reason about what happens after an action is pe rform d. CL incorporates the notions of contrary-to-duty and contrary-to-prohibition by explicitly attaching to the deontic modalities a reparation which is meant to be enforced in the c ase of violations. We prove results of decidability and tree model property for the CL logic, as well as specific properties for the modalities. CL can reason about regular synchronous actions done at the same time . We thoroughly investigate and precisely formalize this notion of synchro ny as the theory of synchronous Kleene algebra(SKA). The theory ofSKA is used in giving semantics both to the deontic modalities and to the dynamic logic (PDL) modality over the synchronous actions. The extension of PDL with a notion of concurrent actions (specifically, the synch rony notion) is an interesting result in itself. We prove that SKA (and its extension with Boolean tests) is complete, fact which makes the problem of deciding the equality of two synchronous acti ons solvable in polynomial time and space. From a practical point of view we show how to do run-time monit ring of electronic contracts using theCL logic. Precisely, we give an algorithm for building a monito r (an abstract deterministic machine) which monitors all the actions gove rned by the contract (defined as a CL formula). The observable outcome of the monitor is the signa l ng of the first violation of the contract immediately after this happens. The construct ion of the monitor involves working with alternating Büchi automata and the use of a recent ingen ious method based on a 3-valued semantics approach to run-time monitoring. For doing run-t ime monitoring of contracts written in CL we need to develop trace semantics for CL which is faithful with the full semantics based on normative structures.


The paper is devoted to an in-depth study of the capitalist private property of adherents of various currents and schools. It is emphasized that the internal contradictions of private property, which are concentrated in the relations of exploitation, are actively studied by the authors of neoliberalism, neo-institutionalism, and analytical Marxism. The paper shows that most of the works of Western scholars deny the phenomenon of economic exploitation in the post-industrial model of capitalism. The conclusions of domestic scholars about the absence of economic and non-economic coercion to work of hired workers in debilitated, transitive economies are criticized. Based on the theoretical analysis of works devoted to the objective study of new aspects of the relationship between employers and employees, the existence of such non-economic forms of exploitation is proven: psychological, political, axiological, social. The paper considers the main tools of non-economic exploitation, which include euphemisation and speculation in the interests, motives, feelings, consciousness, preferences and even passions of people. The consequences of euphemisation and speculation as tools of non-economic coercion to work, excessive consumption, the introduction of consumerist psychology are revealed. The economic purpose of the most popular socio-political technologies for manipulating the conscious and subconscious behavior of society, groups, individuals in the interests of the ruling classes is clarified. It is shown that these instruments of influence are actively used in various national models of capitalism. The mechanism of total manipulation of behavior, consciousness, psychology of people who are involved in the processes of production, marketing and consumption is considered. It is shown that total manipulation includes a set of non-economic forms of influence on people's decision-making, beneficial to the state, direct employers, financial and commercial structures not only nationally but also globally.


Models of brown dwarf atmospheres suggest they exhibit complex physical behaviour. Observations have shown that they are indeed dynamic, displaying small photometric variations over timescales of hours. Here I report results of infrared (0.95–1.64� m) spectrophotometric monitoring of four field L and T dwarfs spanning timescales of 0.1–5.5hrs, the goal being to learn more about the physical nature of this variability. Spectra are analysed differentially with respect to a simultaneously observed reference source in order to remove Earth-atmospheric variations. The variability amplitude detected is typically 2–10%, depending on the source and wavelength. I analyse the data for correlated variations between spectral indices. This approach is more robust than single band or χ 2 analyses, because it does not assume an amplitude for the (often uncertain) noise level (although the significance test still assumes a shape for the noise power spectrum). Three of the four targets show significant evidence for correlated variability. Some of this can be associated with specific features including Fe, FeH, VO and Ki, and there is good evidence for intrinsic variability in H2O and possibly also CH4. Yet some of this variability covers a broader spectral range which would be consistent with dust opacity variations. The underlying common cause is plausibly localized temperature or composition fluctuations caused by convection. Looking at the high signal-to-noise ratio stacked spectra we see many previously identified spectral features of L and T dwarfs, such as Ki, Nai, FeH, H2O and CH4. In particular we may have detected methane absorption at 1.3–1.4� m in the L5 dwarf SDSS0539 0059.


The Syrian asylum seekers, who were initially considered as guests, are now becoming permanent residents with the war taking longer than expected. Around 3 million Syrian asylum seekers, especially the ones living outside of the shelters, are facing economic, social and cultural difficulties in the cities, and are therefore having integration problems due to these difficulties. This study aims at analyzing the integration problems specifically in the city of Şanliurfa. The main objective of the study is to determine the problems encountered by the asylum seekers living in the city center and to develop solutions to these problems. The current integration problem applies to both the residents of Urfa and the Syrian asylum seekers. Therefore, two separate surveys, each having 384 test subjects, were conducted within the scope of this study. The results obtained indicate that the problems have mounted up with the guests staying longer than they are supposed to. The only way to overcome the ever-growing problems is to develop a healthy integration process. Beyond question, integration process is a long and challenging road map which requires mutual understanding and patience from both parties


Suspect fingerprint images acquired from criminal scenes are often of low quality,or incomplete.The existing algorithms/methods found in literature are not suitable for enhancing these fingerprint images,because these algorithms/methods only perform enhancement once.In this paper,a new method for fingerprint image enhancement was proposed.The proposed method enhanced fingerprint image in Fourier domain and spatial domain by using iterative and wavelet fusion technique.Experimental results indicate that the proposed method significantly improves the performance of fingerprint enhancement — not only was the ridge definition enhanced,but also the ridge fracture was connected and the incompleteness was mended.Therefore,the proposed method is suitable for enhancing low quality fingerprint images.