Abstract: Understanding how the planting of non-native species impacts native vegetation is of most importance for forest management, as introduced species may alter environmental conditions with respect to soil composition, light intensity, and species composition. Here, we compared the stand structure, understory vegetation and site properties of a natural Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand with Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) as the second tree layer. We recorded saplings and species and their abundance in the understory vegetation, the thicknesses of organic (O) and humus (A) soil layers, soil pH and light indexes in nine Scots pine stands with a second tree layer of beech and in nine control pine stands with a second tree layer of spruce. An ordination method was used to analyze all the data together and ANOVA to determine whether there were differences between stands. We found that species diversity in pine stands with planted beech as the second layer was lower than in pine stands with spruce as the second layer. In pine stands with beech as the second tree layer, shrub, herb and moss cover was significantly lower, and the soil humus layer and organic soil layer were thicker and thinner, respectively. Stand parameters such as mean volume and mean annual increment of the second tree layer were significantly higher in pine stands with planted beech as the second tree layer than in pine stand with spruce as the second tree layer. The mean volume and the mean annual increment of the first tree layer dominated by Scots pine did not differ significantly between stands with planted beech and those with natural spruce. Scots pine stands with a beech second layer had negative effects on understory species richness and abundance. This effect was most likely due to the lower light transmittance and poor physical properties of the forest-floor litter in the Scots pine stands with planted beech.


The invention relates to a package and a blank comprising a front panel (10), a back panel (12) and two side panels (14, 16) forming a tubular container body extending in a longitudinal direction (L) from a bottom to a top, a first top panel (30) formed by an extension of the front panel (10) in the longitudinal direction (L) and being folded to essentially form the top of the package, a first set of two flaps (40, 60) each formed by an extension of respective side panel (14, 16) in the longitudinal direction (L), and a second set of two flaps (45, 65) extending in mutual opposing transverse directions (T1, T2) which are transverse to the longitudinal direction (L), each flap (45, 65) being formed by an extension of the first top panel (30) on a respective side edge of the first top panel(30).


rep-PCR technique was used to study the genetic diversity of Frankia strains in Alnus nepalensis collected from five regions in Yunnan. The fingerprint patterns revealed that Frankia strains had great genetic diversity. 71 samples for this study were collected and divided into eleven genotypes. The genotypes were found dominant in the regions except that of the Gaoligong Mountains. The Frankia in the region of the Gaoligong Mountains was found with most genotypes and highest diversity index. Based on the rep-PCR analysis data, geographic data and other studies on biodiversity, it was concluded that Frankia strains symbiotically associated with A. nepalensis growing in the Gaoligong Mountains were perhaps the storeroom offering ancestor strains for host plants growing in other regions. Fig 8, Tab 1, Ref 13


Hematopathology is one of the most rapidly changing fields in all of pathology, with changing classification schemes, new disease entities, cuttingedge new techniques. The editor of the second edition of Hematopathology seeks to provide an updated textbook to the edition released in 2007. Similar to the previous edition, the book is divided into four sections on benign lesions of blood and lymph nodes, lymphomas, leukemias and other neoplastic disorders of the hematopoietic system. Two new chapters are added in the new edition, including one on splenic lesions and one on flow cytometry. The full text, diagrams, tables and photomicrographs are available online at the Elsevier ExpertConsult website, and several weblinks are provided at the site for constant updates. One of the most important updates in the current edition is in the classification of hematopoietic neoplasms which was revised by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2008 from their previous classification scheme of 2001. New entities such as splenic diffuse red pulp small B-cell lymphoma, blastic palsmacytoid dendritic cell tumor, Epstein-Barr virus positive (EBVz) large B-cell lymphoma of the elderly and EBVz T-cell lymphoma of children, etc. are given their own sections. Another area where the book has important updates is molecular genetics, particularly in the further classification and prognostication of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and in the understanding of myelodysplastic syndromes. The references are up-to-date and several new tables are added. For the next edition the authors may want to consider adding a section, either as a separate chapter or in the beginning of the chapters, on the WHO classification of hematopoietic neoplasms. Information on prognosis and therapy is also missing from the chapter on the T and NK cell leukemias, and details in some of the low power photomicrographs of the bone marrow lesions are difficult to discern. Overall this is a comprehensive textbook for most of the important hematopoietic lesions, and does a tremendous job in clarifying some of the new developments in the field. It is a handy reference book for both the generalist and the specialist.


A surgical tool or applier for deploying an anastomotic ring comprises a handle connected to an elongate shaft that terminates in an anastomotic ring deployment mechanism. The ring deployment mechanism is moveable from an unactuated position to an actuated position. In order to prevent tissue from becoming trapped in the ring deployment mechanism during insertion or extraction of the tool, a plurality of panels are configured to enclose portions of the ring deployment mechanism during insertion and extraction, where the ring deployment mechanism is in the unactuated position. The panels are moveable with the ring deployment mechanism to the actuated position, in which the ring deployment mechanism is able to deploy the anastomotic ring.


hemoglobin (HbA, a 2 b 2 ), the main oxygen-carrier in erythrocytes. When b -globin chains are absent or limiting, free a -globins precipitate and damage cell membranes, causing hemolysis and ineffective erythropoiesis. Clinical data show that severity of b -thal correlates with the number of inherited a -globin genes ( HBA1 and HBA2 ), with a -globin gene deletions having a bene fi cial effect for patients. Here, we describe a novel strategy to treat b -thal based on genome editing of the a -globin locus in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Using CRISPR/ Cas9, we combined 2 therapeutic approaches: (1) a -globin downregulation, by deleting the HBA2 gene to recreate an a -thalassemia trait, and (2) b -globin expression, by targeted integration of a b -globin transgene downstream the HBA2 promoter. First, we optimized the CRISPR/Cas9 strategy and corrected the pathological phenotype in a cellular model of b -thalassemia (human erythroid progenitor cell [HUDEP-2] b 0 ). Then, we edited healthy donor HSPCs and demonstrated that they maintained long-term repopulation capacity and multipotency in xenotransplanted mice. To assess the clinical potential of this approach, we next edited b -thal HSPCs and achieved correction of a / b globin imbalance in HSPC-derived erythroblasts. As a safer option for clinical translation, we performed editing in HSPCs using Cas9 nickase showing precise editing with no InDels. Overall, we described an innovative CRISPR/Cas9 approach to improve a / b globin imbalance in thalassemic HSPCs, paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies for b -thal.


Apart from known workplaces for precision welding e.g. in the dental and jewel-industry, the availability of powerful and compact solid-state and of diode-lasers together with the beam delivery by optical fibers has opened in the last years a new range of applications for hand-held laser processing devices in the industrial sector. They are used e.g. for cutting, welding, cladding, soldering, and for surface cleaning. Also in the sector of artworks restoration hand-held laser processing devices are a flexible tool to process art-objects with minimal damage.Manual work with lasers is always advantageous when there is the task to locally and flexible process complex components without using expensive handling-technology and programming. Due to their design and their operation, in comparison to conventional laser processing machines, hand-held or hand-operated laser processing devices can cause particular hazards. To ensure a safe use, hazards have to be analyzed and to be met by protective measures.To draw attention to the particular hazards related to the use of hand-held laser processing devices and to define minimum requirements for the design, a new type C standard, the ISO 11553-2, has been developed.The present contribution summarizes the current status of the standard and provides information on typical applications of hand-held laser processing devices, hazard potentials, approaches for protective measures and the transfer of findings into the new standard.Apart from known workplaces for precision welding e.g. in the dental and jewel-industry, the availability of powerful and compact solid-state and of diode-lasers together with the beam delivery by optical fibers has opened in the last years a new range of applications for hand-held laser processing devices in the industrial sector. They are used e.g. for cutting, welding, cladding, soldering, and for surface cleaning. Also in the sector of artworks restoration hand-held laser processing devices are a flexible tool to process art-objects with minimal damage.Manual work with lasers is always advantageous when there is the task to locally and flexible process complex components without using expensive handling-technology and programming. Due to their design and their operation, in comparison to conventional laser processing machines, hand-held or hand-operated laser processing devices can cause particular hazards. To ensure a safe use, hazards have to be analyzed and to be met by protective measures.To draw ...


China is an important phosphate fertilizer consumer and producer in the word,however,its abundant resources are of low grade,and locates in remote southwest area.The measures should be taken to improve resource protection and utilization.


The flow field inside the water hydraulic poppet valve was analyzed by using the software of ANSYS,then the visualizing pictures of the velocity and pressure field were given.The structure of the poppet valve's core and the poppet valve's seat was optimized to be arc-linked at their direct connection according to analyzing result of the flow characteristic.The result shows that the optimum structure obviously reduces the pressure drop and the minimum negative pressure greatly.The research can give a guide for designing low consumption,low noise water hydraulic poppet valves.


Objective To report the use of magnetic resonance imaging in the staging of hepatic veno-occlusive disease. Patient A 38-year-old woman with idiopathic hepatic veno-occlusive disease. Interventions: Ascites analysis, liver biopsy, abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography, digital subtraction angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Results Hepatic outflow was obstructed. The pattern of hepatic tissue was patchy, although the caudate lobe was spared. The hepatic veins could not be visualized, but the caval and portal veins presented normally. Compression of the caval vein in the intrahepatic traject with extensive venous collaterals was evident. Conservative treatment was justified because of the good clinical condition of the patient, which included almost intact liver function, and resulted in normalization of the findings on magnetic resonance imaging within 1 year after the start of oral anticoagulant treatment. Conclusion Magnetic resonance imaging may be valuable in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of hepatic veno-occlusive disease.


INTRODUCTION Peer-to-peer (P2P) content distribution systems have become a dominant source of traffic in the Internet. Their primary use has been off-line The peers in a P2P content distribution system form an overlay network and exchange data between each other, such that the data are not delivered to the individual peers directly from the content source, but via a number of other peers. The indirect delivery of the data between peers in an overlay is called overlay routing. For overlay routing to work, the peers have to contribute with their resources, their storage capacity , and their upload bandwidth. The popularity of P2P systems has increased the demand for broadband Internet access, yet Internet service providers (ISPs) have started to consider P2P traffic " unwanted, " for a number of reasons. • The popularity of P2P systems has led to increased network traffic and increased resource utilization. Higher traffic volumes require investments in the infrastructure and increase the traffic related costs. • P2P systems usually create overlay networks unaware of the underlying physical network topology, called the underlay network. The network topology agnostic design can be motivated by the layered architecture of the TCP/IP protocol stack. But given the large amounts of data delivered via P2P systems, the network agnostic design leads to inefficient network resource usage. A one-hop overlay connection can span several intercontinental links and can traverse a number of different autonomous systems (ASs) and ISPs. Inter-AS links are often expensive, depending on the agreement between the involved ASs. Apart from being expensive, inefficient overlay routes can also contribute to network congestion. • The properties of P2P traffic are usually transient and difficult to predict. The most popular P2P content distribution systems divide the content into relatively small pieces, so that peers can download (and upload) different parts of the content from (and to) different peers simultaneously. The set of peers with which a peer exchanges data can change relatively fast. In a large P2P system, this may lead to traffic fluctuation on short timescales, which results in inefficient traffic management and the breakdown of network dimensioning assumptions. A number of ISPs attempted to decrease their costs due to P2P traffic by restricting it in their networks. Some ISPs deployed traffic shaping devices to limit the sending rates of popular P2P applications. Others throttled the bandwidth of their heaviest users irrespective of the types of applications they used. …


This work aims to study the spatio-temporal evolution of the genus Nitzschia longissima, one of the most important genera of marine plankton diatoms, from 3 sampling stations in the Nador lagoon and during 2 seasons (spring and summer 2018), Using Nitzschia longissima, as a study system, one of the most diverse and abundant genera among marine planktonic diatoms. This species counts, in addition to the form Nitzschia longissima forma parva Grunow, three varieties namely Nitzschia longissima var. closterium (W. Smith) Van Heurck, Nitzschia longissima var. longissima (Breb.) Ralfs and Nitzschia longissima var. reversa Grunow. Nitzschia Longissima genus density was high during the warm season (Summer 2018) with a value of 8000 cells/liter, and low during the cold seasons (Spring 2018), which may be caused by water temperature and zooplankton community structure; and underwater light intensity was an important factor influencing the spatial distribution of Nitzschia density.


Using the In-L fluorescence produced by normal-incidence X-ray standing waves, we have measured the layer perfection and positions of 1 and 1/2 monolayer (ML) InAs quantum wells buffed in GaAs(001). Growth temperature effects were studied in a series of samples produced by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) at temperatures between 400 and 600°C. The coherent position of the In atoms decreases with temperature in the 1 ML samples, and the optimal growth temperature is near 550°C, as evidenced by the coherent position of 1.15+0.02 and the relatively high coherent fraction of 0.72+0.08. These results are corroborated by 1.6 K photoluminescence (PL) measurements in which the most sharp and intense In-excitonic emission is obtained from a sample grown at 530°C. For the 1/2 ML samples, growth temperatures of 400°C and 600°C produce similar standing wave results: coherent posi tions of 1.09+0.02 and 1.10+0.02, coherent fractions of 0.75+0.10 and 0.74+0.11, respectively. However, PL reveals the higher temperature sample to be of far superior quality, due to excessive carbon incorporation at 400°C.


Hermeneutics and Receptive Aesthetics, the turning point of the research on Western literature theory,have transformed Western literature theory from the "author centered" to the "text centered" then to the "reader centered" in common,which has made a tremendous impact on the later Deconstructionism and the criticism on readers' response in Britain and America.This article selects the typical methodological part of these two theories to analyse their effect on the creation of contemporary literature, as well as painting and the like.


Automatic image processing and computer vision applications often include object extraction and recognition. To extract object boundaries better, high-quality methods of edge detection are required. Objects in real-world photos usually have complex structure, and discovering their edges with higher precision is a very important and tough task. Better edge detection drastically increases the quality of the entire process. Unfortunately, edge detection problem still has no satisfactory solution in the case of real-world color images, because efficient approaches exist for grayscale images only. Known edge detection techniques usually either consist of special filters applied to a grayscale image, or implement rather unpredictably behaving artificial intelligence solutions. We propose a new powerful mathematical tool to extract edge information not only from intensity but from color distribution as well. Correctness of edge detection gets better by means of an adaptive mathematical model of non-linearly scalable color space. In our research, we consider flexible non-linear transformation of the color space with a few parameters. It helps reliably extracting otherwise faded edges delimiting the objects. We compare the results of edge detection process based on this new technique to well-known base-line approaches of Canny, Prewitt, Sobel and Wallace filters.


The Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS) brings together molecular life scientists in Europe and neighbouring regions. There are many activities of FEBS targeted to young scientists with the aim of promoting their careers. This article provides a brief overview of such FEBS initiatives.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the selection controller for multimedia and the provision method for multimedia service. SOLUTION: The scanner system by using a scanner 11 is used to read a mark on an object in the device and its method by which the selection of one or more electronic services to be served to the user via a communication medium is controlled by the user. In order to communicate a request signal, an object code to display a read mark is used to make communication with a user interface 15. The interface 15 receives the request signal to send a request command to the server of the service. The request command includes an interface identification code and the object code to select a desired electronic multimedia service. The server uses the object code to identify the selected electronic multimedia service. Then the interface 15 acts like allowing the server to send the selected electronic multimedia service and the user receiver to receive the service. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO


Section 1: Care in the neurosciences intensive care unit 1. The history of neurocritical care 2. Airway management and mechanical ventilation in acute brain injury 3. Neuropulmonology 4. Neurocardiology 5. Principles of intracranial pressure monitoring and treatment 6. Multimodal neurologic monitoring 7. Continuous EEG monitoring in the intensive care unit 8. Management of the comatose patient 9. Management of status epilepticus 10. Critical care in acute ischemic stroke 11. Management of intracerebral hemorrhage 12. Management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage 13. Management of acute neuromuscular disorders 14. Critical care management of traumatic brain injury 15. Management of acute traumatic spinal cord injuries 16. Decompressive craniectomy in acute brain injury 17. Diagnosis and management of spinal cord emergencies 18. Diagnosis and management of acute encephalitis 19. Management of bacterial central nervous system infections 20. Management of infections associated with neurocritical care 21. Determinants of prognosis in neurocatastrophes 22. Family discussions on life-sustaining interventions in neurocritical care 23. Organ donation protocols


Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station. Kalloli, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during kharif and rabi season of 2002-03 to study the effect of soil depths, N doses and its splits on growth and growth parameters of maize. The treatment consisted of three soil types (Lithic Haplustepts, T ypic Haplustepts and Typic Haplusterts) as main plots and nine nitrogen levels (100% RDN, 150% RDN and 200% RDN at sowing. 30th days after sowing (DAS), 45 th DAS and 60 th DAS) as sub plots. The results revealed that significantly taller plants, higher LAI, dry matter yield at 30th DAS,45th DAS, 60th DAS and at harvest were observed in deep black soil as compared to medium deep and shallow black soils. Whereas, application of 200 per cent RDN in two, three and four splits recorded significantly higher plant height, LAI, dry matter yield over 100% RDN and was on p ar with the treatment receiving 150% RDN in two, three and four splits. However , application of recommended dose of nitrogen in two, three and four splits recorded significantly higher values at 45 th DAS. 60 th DAS and at harvest.


The hemogram and blood chemistry profile are reported for the orangutan. The reported data were derived from analyses of samples collected from 37 orangutans of both sexes and varying ages. With noted


The aim of this thesis was to develop the Uniti One window design from a prototype stage to be ready for mass production. Uniti One is a lightweight, two-seated, electric vehicle of the L7e-category designed for urban transportation. In late 2017, three prototypes of this vehicle were built, and that construction was used as the start point of the development. Vehicle regulations, material theory and manufacturing limitations were all investigated together with design intent data from Uniti's staff, to determine design limitations. Once all limitations were recognized, new glazing concepts could emerge. Since Uniti Sweden had put down years of research into the actual shape of the canopy, this was to be kept as close to the prototype shape as possible. The challenge was therefore to choose which regions of the glazing that should be manufactured in glass or plastic and how the split up should be defined. The result was a new canopy designed with three glass and seven plastic windows which passed all L7e-regulations. For all windows, manufacturing techniques, alternative materials and coating suggestions are described. The construction of the glazing was made using surface modeling tools and the method is described in detail to allow Uniti to redo the work on future iterations. Further work needs to be done to optimize the construction of the Uniti One windows including supplier limitation control, aerodynamic and structural calculations and cost optimization. (Less)


There is a need for adaptable systems that can change as requirements change, both in the long and the short term. Adaptability can reduce software costs and improve reliability and performance. Adaptability includes design techniques that support enhancement, retargeting to new projects, restructuring during different phases of a mission, and changing algorithms as external conditions change. These techniques are particularly important for projects with stringent performance or reliability requirements. We model algorithmic adaptability, which supports techniques for switching between classes of schedulers in distributed transaction systems. RAID is an experimental system implemented to support experimentation in adaptability. We study adaptability features in RAID, including algorithmic adaptability, fault-tolerance, and implementation techniques for an adaptable server-based design. Experiments are described that quantify the costs and benefits of adaptability.


Abstract:This research aim to know the influence of game a smart snake-ladderto moral behavior of 5-6 yeard old children at TK Pertiwi Kenagarian Sariak LawehSubdistrict Akabiluru District 50 West Sumatra. Population of this reseacrh was at TKPertiwi Kenagarian Sariak Laweh Subdistrict Akabiluru District 50 West Sumatrachild's, sample of researchare 12 childs. Method of research was experiment which thisresearch tries to look for this research aim to know the influence of the game a smartsnake-ladder to moral behavior of 5-6 yeard old children at TK Pertiwi KenagarianSariak Laweh Subdistrict Akabiluru District 50 West Sumatra. Instrumental of thisresearch used observation sheet. Data anlisa tech used utilizes scale uji-t and statisticalmethods analysis with SPSS For's program ver's Windows 23. The result of thisresearch that acquired available the influence of the a game a smart snake-ladder tomoral behavior of 5-6 yeard old children at TK Pertiwi Kenagarian Sariak LawehSubdistrict Akabiluru District 50 West Sumatra. Obtain value t count of 9,388 withsignificance 0.000. T table values obtained with df 11 at significance level of 5% (twotailed)of 2,201. Thus known t count (9.388)> t table (2,201) or significance (0.000)<5% (0.05). It has been suggested that there is a difference in the results between thepretest and posttest significant. It is known that the result of higher than pretest posttestwhich can be seen from the descriptive statistical variableIt can be seen from the valueof the interpretation of the P value of 22.18%, so it can be considered that theapplication of the influence of game a smart snake-ladder against the moral behavior ofchildren at TK Pertiwi Kanagarian Sariak Laweh Subdistrict Akabiluru District 50West Sumatra is located in the low category. Key Words: Moral Behavior, smart snake-ladder


Institutionalized Reason is a collection of essays whose aim is to explore the relationship among rights, morality and law using the work of Robert Alexy as an anchor. The book grew out of a symposium held at New College, Oxford, in 2008. The specific focus of this book is Alexy's work on constitutional law and legal philosophy, particularly his work regarding the nature of law, the nature of legal argumentation, and the nature of constitutional rights. Edited by Matthias Klatt, Professor of Law at the University of Hamburg, this book is a collaboration with leading scholars of legal philosophy and constitutional rights. The result is a collection of essays that not only allow the reader to gain a general understanding of Alexy's main ideas (with some of their strengths and challenges), but also provides the reader with an integrated understanding of the actors and debates (within the Western/Northern tradition) that Alexy's work is, directly and indirectly, in dialogue with. The reader gets more than a mere exposition of arguments, challenges and rebuttals in individual essays. The book, taken as a whole, makes evident to the reader the differences in approach and understanding within questions of great importance to law, and makes unavoidable the conclusion that these differences find root (at least in part) in the alternate histories, traditions, cultures, languages and dialogues that the authors of the


Although both theoretical predictions and experimental observations have demonstrated that the Gilbert damping is anisotropic at ferromagnet/semiconductor interface possessing robust interfacial spin–orbit coupling, it is not well understood whether non-local Gilbert damping driven by spin pumping in heavy metal/ferromagnetic metallic bilayers is anisotropic or not. Here, we investigated the angular and frequency dependence of magnetic relaxation in epitaxial Pd/Fe films on MgO(001) substrates. After disentangling parasitic contributions, we unambiguously observe that the non-local Gilbert damping is isotropic in the Fe(001) plane, suggesting that the spin transport across the Pd/Fe interface is independent of the Fe magnetization orientation. First principles calculations reveal that the effective spin mixing conductance of the Pd/Fe interface is nearly invariant for different magnetization directions, in good agreement with the experimental observations. These results offer valuable insight into spin transport in metallic bilayers, and facilitate the development of next-generation spintronic devices.


Objective The experiment was designed to study the possible mechanisms of verapamil in reversal effect on HL?60/ADR cells.Methods Modulation of etoposide?induced apoptosis by verapamil in HL?60/ADR cells was studied by DNA fragmentation,Flow cytometry(FCM) and Western blotting.Results Verapamil exhibited 2.8 fold potentiation on apoptosis caused by etoposide in HL?60/ADR cells for 20?h exposure.Etoposide?induced apoptosis and its potentiation by verapamil were associated with reduced BCL?2 expression.Conclusion Our data suggest that the reversal effect of verapamil on VP16 may be assciated with its enhancement of VP16 in inducing HL?60 apoptosis,and the BCL?2 may play a role in this pathway.


The accuracies of the measurements of operating conditions made by the electronic safety system at the High Flux Isotope Reactor were calculated theoretically. The technique was small-signal sensitivity analysis of the errors as they accumulated through cascaded instruments in various systems. The error bounds (for 99.7 percent probability) at typical operation of 100 MW thermal power (mode 1) were approximately 4.05 MW in heat power, 1.82$sup 0$F in inlet temperature, and 5.95 MW in perceived heat power on flux-to-flow ratio. The error bound in flow at the nominal flow trip point of 1500 gpm was approximately 86 gpm. The maximum unfavorable error in perceived heat power in flux-to-flow measurement was +420 kW for operation in research mode 2 (lower coolant flow and, hence, lower power; and approximately the same temperature difference as in mode 1), and +17.1 kW for mode 3 (no coolant flow, static operation, and, hence, low power). (auth)


Newton's Second Law states that force is equal to the mass of an object multiplied by its acceleration. More specifically, force is the mass times the instantaneous change in velocity over time of an object. By rearranging this equation, it can be determined that the time elapsed of the acceleration of an object is equal to the integral of the inverse value of the force relative to change in velocity (dv). In the context of real world application, this method can be used to calculate the time taken for a vehicle to accelerate from its minimum to maximum speed, given the values of torque output relative to engine rpms, transmission specifications, vehicle weight, and tire size. To demonstrate the viability of this method, the elapsed time of acceleration is calculated for a 2017 Ford GT with a torque-rpm curve containing 58 values. It is found that the resulting values are realistic when neglecting forces of friction and air resistance. The results obtained would be analogous to the values obtained through experimentation on a dynamometer, which allows the vehicle to be tested while stationary.


This article attempts to analyse and explain the developments and changes in the wage system of the state administrative personnel in the People's Republic of China (PRC). State administrative personnel are also known as government functionaries or bureaucrats in western and other countries. In China they are commonly referred to as 'state cadres'. 'State cadre', however, is a much larger category which encompasses many types of state employees in various fields, including teachers, medical personnel, other professionals such as journalists and scientists, and managers of state-owned factories.' In this article, 'state cadres' are used only for those who work in the state administrative bureaucracy and the party organisational apparatus. In the early years when the Chinese communist movement was engaged in guerrilla activities, the communist leadership had implemented a 'supply system' for soldiers, officers, other public service workers, and their dependents. This was a system which provided only a basic ration of primary necessities, including food, clothing, and a small living allowance.' As the communists usually had no stable sources of supply at that time, there was no uniform and fixed


In order to cope with the increasing demands from society and government for more efficiency and effectiveness, the Corps of Engineers is changing from a rather traditional institute to an innovative institute by adopting new techniques and technologies in the field of management, organisation, manufacturing and information, communication and knowledge technologies. This change poses a true challenge for a traditional educational institute such as the Faculty of Military Sciences [FMS] of the Netherlands Defence Academy [NLDA] in terms of supporting interactions (or bridging the gaps) between education, research and practice.


The existence of positive solution is studied for the nonlinear third-order two-point boundary value problemu(t)+λ[h(t)f(t,u(t))+g(t,u(t))]=0,0t1,u(0)=u′(0)=u(1)=0.The function f(t,u) is continuous with respect to its two variables,g(t,u) may be singular at t=0,t=1 and u=0.By constructing suitable control functions and considering the growths of these functions,it is proved that the problem has one positive solution for any λ0.


The strata in the 1433 m thick section exposed in the cliffs at Joggins, Nova Scotia long have been thought to have formed entirely in a freshwater, continental basin. Recently, the possibility of distal, periodic marine influence has been inferred for at least part of the section from trace fossil and microfossil evidence.The Forty Brine coal seam, of Westphalian A age, occurs within one of the most contentious intervals of the Joggins Formation. The Forty Brine, as it outcrops in the study section, is 0.89 metres thick and is dominated macroscopically by clarain. The coal is punctuated by three thin (cm-scale) clastic layers consisting of claystone and coaly shale. Petrographically, the coal seam is dominated by vitrinite (mineral matter-free values ranging from 57-78 %). The seam yields high ash (up to 30 %) and exceptionally high sulphur values (in one ply reaching 18.75 %). The Forty Brine coal seam roof comprises a basin-wide fossiliferous limestone bed with fauna equivocally of nearshore marine affinity. This limestone unit begins a broadly transgressive sequence that is approximately 21 metres-thick. The fauna found within the limestone units, consisting of Dasycladacean algae, sharks, fishes, ostracodes, rare brachiopods, rare echinoderms, and others, are re-interpreted as a normal marine to brackish-water assemblage. The 30 centimetre-thick limestone yields TOC values of 5.64 -13.90 %, pointing to its potential as a hydrocarbon source rock. These data provide new insight into the marine affinity of the fossiliferous limestones. The petrographic and geochemical data for the


The proenzyme form of C1r was isolated by sequential chromatography of the euglobulin fraction of human serum on DE-32 cellulose, TEAE cellulose, and Sephadex G-200. C1r was found to be a proteolytic enzyme with β-globulin mobility, a sedimentation rate of 7.5S, and a molecular weight of approximately 188,000 daltons. Isolated C1r preparations exhibited an affinity for C1q and C1s, forming a reversible complex with C1q and a firm complex with C1s in free solution.
 Isolated C1r preparations did not activate proenzyme C1s, the natural substrate of the C1r enzyme, unless first activated by brief treatment with trypsin, a process accompanied by physicochemical changes in the molecule. It is not known whether the mechanism of conversion of C1r from a proenzyme into an active enzyme during C1 activation is also enzymatically mediated or, alternatively, whether conversion results from conformational changes in C1r induced by the attachment of C1, via C1q, to immunoglobulin molecules.


Research on race and policing has consistently documented the link between race, space, and policing with racial disparities in perceptions and experiences often explained by nature of policing within low-income, distressed communities of color. This study adds a new dimension to past research by examining the relationship between race, racial composition of place, and residents' experiences with southern police across public and semipublic spaces within a middle-class, low-crime, tourism-driven resort area. Using grounded theory methods, this study combines survey data with in-depth group interviews and structured observations to reveal variability in participants' experiences with southern patrols. Specifically, African American participants expressed concern for excessive police distribution, differential enforcement, and social exclusion, offering the least supportive attitudes regarding officer demeanor. These findings highlight the importance of using comprehensive measures to access residents' experiences with police and contribute to the understanding of how various geographic contexts might produce racial disparities, highlighting the salience of race in the policing of ethnically diverse public spaces.


In the basalt-hosted hydrothermal vent habitat around 9°50 N on the East Pacific Rise, the vestimentiferan tubeworms Tevnia jerichonana and Riftia pachyptila (Polychaeta: Siboglinidae) commonly settle before the mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). We removed six aggregations of R. pachyptila and deployed mussels on the cleared sources of diffuse flow to test the effect of the B. thermophilus on the subsequent colonization by the tubeworms. None of the transplanted mussels persisted on the cleared sources of diffuse flow; however, aggregations of R. pachyptila grew in half of the clearances. We collected one of the aggregations of R. pachyptila along with the associated fauna for determination of relative abundance and biomass in this one-year-old community. This aggregation consisted of 647 specimens of R. pachyptila that hosted individuals of 24 species, including small individuals of T. jerichonana and B. thermophilus. The abundance of the associated fauna was numerically dominated by gastropods, and the biomass was dominated by the Alvinellid polychaete Paralvinella grasslei. Following an eruption, the vestimentiferan tubeworms Tevnia jerichonana and Riftia pachyptila (Polychaeta: Siboglinidae) quickly colonize the basalt-hosted hydrothermal vents around 9°50 N (East Pacific Rise) and soon grow to visually dominate these habitats (1, 2, 3). Colonization by the vent mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus often follows shortly, and the mussels eventually overgrow the tubeworms at most sites (2, 4, 5). Both tubeworms and mussels harbor sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotrophic endosymbionts, which provide the bulk of their nutrition (6, 7). However, mussels have also maintained the ability to filter-feed (8), which apparently allows them to occupy a wider range of environmental conditions and better tolerate declining hydrothermal vent activity than the tubeworms (9). The mechanism of ecological succession in these hydrothermal vent habitats is not fully understood, but may be regulated by a combination of pre-settlement factors, such as the use of biogenic cues (3) and the response to geochemical changes (2), and post-settlement factors, such as physical overgrowth (4) and resource competition (5). We conducted a manipulative experiment to test the hypothesis that the mussel B. thermophilus prevents further colonization of a vent by tubeworms. In May 1998, six aggregations of the giant tubeworm R. pachyptila were cleared from a site named Riftia Field (9°50.705 N 104°17.593 W). The original location and source of diffuse flow for each aggregation were marked and recorded on video. After the aggregations were cleared, the temperatures of the venting fluid were measured, using the low-temperature probe of the DSV Alvin, and ranged from 20–22 °C above ambient at the six locations. Then about 600 mussels were collected from a nearby site ("East Wall", 9°50.614 N 104° 17.509 W) and about 200 were deployed over each of three cleared sources of diffuse flow (treatments). Mussels were not deployed on the three other cleared areas (conReceived 28 April 2004; accepted 4 October 2004. * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: email@example.com † Present address: Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32653. Reference: Biol. Bull. 207: 177–182. (December 2004) © 2004 Marine Biological Laboratory


In the modern world, computer technologies 3D and VIM-modeling are being used more and more often, often you will not find architects drawing by hand. Digitalization of the construction industry is developing rapidly and in various directions. Modern construction organizations are actively introducing information technologies into their professional assets, which, in turn, will include the following business processes: starting from personnel selection, accounting, internal document management, planning, development and placement of advertising, search and customer support, procurement, production of goods, performance of work, provision of services, ending with control over the execution of contracts, and many others. Technologies of augmented reality, the Internet of things, 3D-printing, generative design, machine learning, technologies including three-dimensional representation of buildings and structures, premises and many other technologies that help make various decisions are of particular importance. The article outlines some considerations about digitalizing the functions of a contractor, technical customer in the construction of buildings. The future is fast approaching, and we are moving towards technological singularity. The issue of digitalization of the functions of a contractor, technical customer in the construction of buildings is relevant in modern conditions. Taking into account the importance of the changes that are taking place, it is necessary to start using BIM modeling for the contractor, technical customer, intended for use by the public and private customer, developer, technical customer, and contractor in order to plan and implement information modeling processes for construction projects.


Objective
To precisely assess the deformity of cavovarus foot in children for selecting individualized procedures.

Methods
A total of 27 surgical patients with 41 cavovarus feet were reviewed. Their average age was 11.3(7.1-14.5) years. The surgical indications included pains, frequent ankle sprains and shoe-wearing problem. And the findings of medical history, neurologic evaluations and symptoms/signs of foot were recorded. The Coleman block test was used to determine the flexibility of hindfoot. Weight-bearing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs and Coleman block view radiographs of feet were taken to assess the component and apex of deformity. And the results were classified by Wicart grading system.

Results
All foot deformities were acquired. And 80%(33/41) of them were associated with neurologic disease. Cavus deformity was located at the first metatarsal in 12 feet undergoing first metatarsal dorsiflexion osteotomy(M1-DFO) at medial column in 16 feet with M1-DFO and opening plantar wedge osteotomy of cuneiform, at midfoot in 13 feet with midfoot osteotomy. The plantar release and cuboid closing wedge osteotomy were performed in all 41 feet. The fixed varus of calcaneus was found in 18 feet with calcaneal valgus osteotomy. Muscle balance was restored by anterior transfer of posterior tibialis in 21 feet and peroneus longus to brevis tendon transfer in 15 feet. The average follow-up was 28(6-51) months. And the results were graded as excellent in 34 feet and fair in 7 feet.

Conclusions
Pediatric cavovarus foot is an acquired deformity with an abnormal elevation of sole tripod and concurrent neurologic diseases. And satisfactory outcomes may be obtained by careful foot examinations and optimal operations.

Key words:
Clubfoot; Assessment; Treatment


Assuming the sociocognitive and constructionist perspective taken by Cognitive Linguistic and by the Models of Use from the Construction Grammar, this work aims at investigating the mismatched feature of a construction, here called as Superlative Synthetic Construction of Absolute States (SSCAS). It is a morphological construction built from the integration of a chore which refers to a non-gradable absolute state (desempregada, casada, gravida / unemployed, married, pregnant) with a superlative scale operator (-issimo/a – very). The result of this integration is types such as: desempregadissima, casadissima, gravidissima, formadissima. The configuration of SSCAS points to the mismatch phenomenon (FRANCIS & MICHAELIS, 2000; TRAUGOTT, 2007; TRAUGOTT, 2006; GOLDBERG, 1995, 2006), due to the fact that it makes clear the incompatibilities between the formal-semantic properties of the units which integrate this pattern – the superlative affix -issimo – and the lexical item graduated by it. The incompatibility of this construction is approached from the polar relations of contrariety and contradiction, as they were described by Israel (2004).


The Pd/B4C multilayer is a promising candidate for high reflectance mirrors operating in the 8–12 nm extreme ultraviolet wavelength region. To extend the working bandwidth beyond the L-edge of silcon, we theoretically design broadband Pd/B4C multilayers. We discuss the influence of the desired reflectance of the plateau, number of bilayers, and the real structural parameters, including the interface widths, layer density, and thickness deviation, on the reflectivity profile. Assuming the interface width to be 0.6 nm, we design aperiodic multilayers for broad wavebands of 9.0–10.0, 8.5–10.5, and 8.0–11.0 nm, with average reflectivities of 3.1%, 5.0%, and 9.5%, respectively.


Classroom climate also refers to the model of interpersonal relationship between teachers and students, the relationship between students, and the classroom management style as well. However, the classroom climate is one of the important things that should be considered by all the teachers in teaching learning process. But, there is still poor evidence that justified those issues. So, this study aimed to examine the classroom climate in single gender classroom which is contributed in learning speaking. This study has taken in one of Islamic Junior High School in Krian, Sidoarjo at 8th grade students only. Four classes were taken as a sample with the purpose by student's level. In addition, the researcher uses survey research using questionnaire and direct observation which use an observation checklist as an instrument. The result of this study was determined by the classroom climate level which is positive, moderate, negative and poor classroom climate. After conducting research, the result identified that there are 2 classrooms which is categorized as having a positive classroom climate. It is observed 90% and 91% of positive item occurred in the classroom. There are also 2 of the classroom observed as


Energy efficiency and energy-proportional computing have become a central focus in modern supercomputers. With the exascale computing throughput purported to be bound by the 20 MW power wall, there is an urgent need for strategies that could maximize the performance under a given power budget. In this paper, the quantum chemistry application GAMESS in studied with respect to its behavior under variable power budgets on a dual-socket node. Then, based on the study, a power capping strategy is proposed which dynamically allocates power to various components within a node to maximize performance under a given power budget. Experiments on a 20 core Haswell-EP platform depict that the proposed strategy delivers performance within 2% of the best possible performance for various power budgets in GAMESS.


The understanding of the dividual nature was presented from the point of view of political metamodernism founded by Hanzi Freinacht. A transpersonal perspective puts in the center the (transin)dividual – a member of more developed and complex societies. The monographic works of the author were analyzed for the use of the concept of dividual, which was developed in postmodernism and further borrowed by metamodern theorists.

Therefore, an attempt to understand the versatile nature of dividual and dividuality outside the postmodern discourse was made. Dividuality was conceptualized as subjectivity synthesized at the intersection of collective and individual, considering the influence of postmodern digitalization in combination with the transpersonal view of human sociality in metamodern society.

Dividuation is the up-to-date form of subjectivation, which turns the individual into a dividual. The difference in the understanding of dividual and dividuality in political metamodernism and postmodernism was demonstrated. The theory of dividuation, the specific foundations of which could be traced in the works of Hanzi Freinacht, was analyzed.

The definition of "dividualism" was suggested. "Dividualism" was viewed as a trajectory of consolidation in "the listening society", members of which develop together spiritually and psychologically. "Dividualism" includes not only the (in)dividual's ability to endow life with meaning but also to do so by taking into account the interconnectedness with his fellow citizens.

In contrast to the implicitly negative understanding of the dividual put forward by postmodernists, the description of the dividual's potentially positive features was offered. This positivity might be realized if the dividual could have managed to recognize and organize its/his/her dividuality to express it. Knowing one's dividuality is considered to be a difficult but favorable task for organizing existing "self-images" or for their expression.

Finally, reflections on being trapped in the dead-end integrative practice were presented.


investigated in the records of four London hospitals. The age incidence does not differ appreciably in the two sexes; 55 years is about the average. Cases have been described in young women of 19 to 24 years. When discussing causation] one or two interesting points are noticeable. Leukoplakia is commonly the precancerous stage, but syphilis is by no means a constant precursor and excessive smoking is certainly an uncommon predisposing cause. In Wales, where women smoke clay pipes, cancer of the tongue is rare. In Ireland, also, there seems no reason to suggest that smoking is an etiological factor in these cases.2 All women in Finisterre smoke short pipes, but epithelioma of the tongue is unknown among them. Rough and carious teeth, badly fitting or broken tooth plates are the most usual irritants. The appearance, situation,course, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of the disease in women do appear to differ from those in man.


Composite ionic liquid (CIL) prepared from triethylamine hydrochloride, anhydrous aluminum(III) chloride, and cuprous chloride is a new catalyst for isobutane alkylation. This composite ionic liquid alkylation (CILA) technology yields an alkylate with favorable product distribution. CILA is a promising replacement for sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid alkylation technologies. However, some solids are formed during alkylation, and solid amount increases with time on stream. In a number of separation steps, the used CIL was divided into liquid and solid. Nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and elemental analyses were applied to characterize these fractions. The content of acid-soluble oil (ASO) in solid was also investigated. The results showed that the solid was mainly cuprous chloride and contained about 1 wt % ASO. The loss of aluminum chloride and detachment of CuCl as a form of solid from CIL resulted in the decrease of CIL acidity and product selectivity.


With age, alpha‐synuclein (α‐SYNC) misfolds and forms insoluble deposits of protein in the myenteric plexus, leading presumably to dystrophy and degeneration in the circuitry controlling gastrointestinal (GI) function. The present experiment examined aggregates of α‐SYNC in the aging small intestine and investigated how macrophages in the wall of the GI tract respond to these aberrant deposits. Groups of adult and aged Fisher 344 rats were studied. Whole mounts of duodenal, jejunal, and ileal smooth muscle wall, including the myenteric plexus, were prepared. Double labeling immunohistochemistry was used to stain α‐SYNC protein and the phenotypic macrophage antigens CD163 and MHCII. Alpha‐synuclein accumulated in dense aggregates in axons of both postganglionic and preganglionic neurons throughout the small intestine. Staining patterns suggested that deposits of protein occur initially in axonal terminals and then spread retrogradely toward the somata. Macrophages that were adjacent to dystrophic terminal processes were swollen and contained vacuoles filled with insoluble α‐SYNC, and these macrophages commonly had the phenotype of alternatively activated phagocytes. The present results suggest that macrophages play an active phagocytotic role in removing α‐SYNC aggregates that accumulate with age in the neural circuitry of the gut. Our observations further indicate that this housekeeping response does not clear the protein sufficiently to eliminate all synucleinopathies or their precursor aggregates from the healthy aging GI tract. Thus, accumulating deposits of insoluble α‐SYNC in the wall of the GI tract may contribute, especially when compounded by disease or inflammation, to the age‐associated neuropathies in the gut that compromise GI function. Anat Rec, 296:654–669, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Based on the statistical data of 1991-2010 in China, under the background of specific government public expenditure. This paper empirically studies how rural residents behavioral responses reflect benefit situation and poverty reduction. The results show that government health care spending effectively increases rural residents expenditure to achieve poverty reduction, the government agriculture-aid expenditure has opposite influence on rural residents′ spending, and other spending projects have significantly different effects on rural residents′ spending.


In the last few decades, there have been extensive studies on analysis and investigation of brake done by many researchers around the world. This paper aims to focus on study the various brake system its material and futuristic way to employ it in better Brakes is a part of machine device used to stop the motion of that machine or to slow down the machine. Brakes are commonly used in vehicles to stop the moving motion of a vehicles device.


A procedure for symmetric matrix updating subject to a linear equation and retaining any sparsity present in the original matrix is derived. The main feature of this procedure is the reduction of the problem to the solution of an n dimensional sparse system of linear equations. The matrix of this system is shown to be symmetric and positive definite. The method depends on the Frobenius matrix norm. Comments are made on the difficulties of extending the technique so that it uses more general norms, the main points being shown by a numerical example.


Abstract. The Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS) traditionally employs the center of gravity (CoG), windowing, and thresholding CoG (TCoG) algorithms to measure wavefront aberrations. Nevertheless, these algorithms yield low accuracy in a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment, and therefore, we propose a measurement algorithm based on the Kalman filter to correct the three algorithms' centroid position of the Shack–Hartmann spot. When the Euclidean distance between the reference centroid in a sub-aperture and the measurement centroid exceeds a certain threshold, the sub-apertures centroid position is untrusted and must be corrected. Several simulation experiments are conducted in three environments: no noise, Poisson noise, and Gaussian noise; they demonstrate that the proposed algorithm effectively improves the centroid's accuracy by more than 10% and ensures real-time performance for the adaptive optics system. In addition, experimental results on wavefront reconstruction tasks reveal that our algorithm produces wavefronts close to the original.


The response of the Canadian government to post-Cold War security issues suggests a profound change in Canada's foreign policy, one that adopts a radically different approach to civil wars and human rights violations in foreign countries. The changes brought about by the end of the Cold War have less ened neither the frequency nor the dangers of conflict. The recent disintegration of Yugoslavia, civil chaos in Somalia, the risk of civil disorder in the republics of the former Soviet Union, and the continuation of serious conflicts in many other regions attest to the urgent need for international action. There have been repeated calls from Canadians and many others for such action at the very least it is suggested that something should be done to ease the suffering of the victims of these conflicts. Based on an examination of the diplomatic efforts and peace keeping activities of Canadians and of the statements of the country's political leaders, it is clear that the government is sup porting a more interventionist approach to conflict resolution. In a world of ever increasing interdependencies, unhampered by Cold War divisions, it is often argued that peacekeeping is no longer a sufficient response and that peacemaking or peace enforcement is now required.


The submerged arc weldment cross section shape profiles indicate the macrostructure zones' boundaries of both the base metal and weld that are affected by the weld thermal cycle. These macrostructure zones are broadly designated as the weld reinforcement, penetration and heat affected zones. The present investigation is aimed at predicting the shape profiles and characteristics of the submerged arc weldment zones based on statistical analysis. A full factorial design matrix was used for the submerged arc weldment butt-bead-on plate welds to study the effects of welding input variables. The outputs from the welding, such as the weld macrostructure characteristics, were mathematically modelled with respect to the input process variables. The interaction effects of the welding input process variables on the responses were also investigated. Based on the weldment characteristics, including that of the bead contact angle, a mapping technique was developed for the graphical representation of the macrostructure zones' shape profiles. The modelling approach adopted in the present investigation can be used to predict the fusion and heat affected zone shape profiles of submerged arc-based repair welds and claddings.


Most of students think that mathematics is a difficult, complicated and confusing subject because it involves formulae and calculations. Most children see mathematic as a boring subject and there is no relationship between learning mathematics and its application to society. This paper explores the use of gamification in mathematics learning for children in order to increase their engagement and motivation in learning mathematics. Experiments have been conducted on various students' categories to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed gamified mathematics learning method. The experimental results show an outstanding performance in the terms of students' progress improvement compared with others who used traditional learning methodology. Various experiments have been carried out to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed gamified method.


Spatial patterns of spread were compared between strains of Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) that differ in causing systemic necrotic (hypersensitive) or non-necrotic symptoms in narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius). Both types of BYMV were spread naturally by aphids from adjacent infected pasture into a large lupin block ('natural spread site'), or from clover plants introduced as virus sources into two field experiments with lupin. Cumulative spatial data for plants with disease symptoms from a range of times in the growing period were assessed using Spatial Analysis by Distance IndicEs (SADIE). At the 'natural spread site', with non-necrotic BYMV, the extent of clustering of plants with symptoms increased gradually over time, while with necrotic BYMV there was less clustering and no increase over time. In both experiments, for the type of BYMV that was introduced into a plot, there was a gradual increase in clustering, but with this being greater with non-necrotic BYMV. In the second experiment, there was also significant clustering of plants with symptoms of non-necrotic BYMV in plots without introduced non-necrotic foci but not for necrotic BYMV in plots without introduced necrotic foci. When clustering data for plants with newly recorded symptoms was tested for spatial association between successive assessment dates, association was positive for both BYMV types though stronger for the non-necrotic type, declining as the temporal lag increased. Generally, association was strongest for assessments 2-3 wk apart, corresponding approximately to the period for BYMV to move systemically in plants and for obvious symptoms to appear in shoot tips. Contour maps for local association between dates showed that the strongest spatial associations were from coincidence of infection gaps rather than infection patches. The combination of information from clustering and association analysis showed that spread of non-necrotic BYMV is less diffuse, with considerably more localised infection surrounding the infection sources. This work demonstrates how spatial virus spread can be diminished when hypersensitive (necrotic) resistance is deployed, and the limitations associated with employing hypersensitivity that is strain specific.


Machining of hard-to-machine materials requires excellent cutting tool performance in terms of tool wear and life. By integrating other process such as laser as a pre-heating element in machining process, cutting force can be effectively reduced. However, applying heat from external source promotes of other defects. In addition, the microstructure of sub-surface layer prone to alter. As a result, an appropriate combination of heating temperature and machining parameters need to be determined. In this study, the heating temperature characteristics were determined numerically and validated by observing the heat affected zone (HAZ) and melted zone (MZ) obtained from experiment. The tool location and machining parameters were also determined by referring to the three dimensional temperature distribution obtained from numerical analysis. The laser heating was successfully decreased the thrust forces under certain depth of cut. The formation of melted zone and heat affected zone created by pulse wave laser significantly influence the LAMM processing characteristics.


This study for the characteristics of flow in the automotive muffler is carried out to find out total pressure distribution and velocity profile changing 10 simple muffler shape. Also we measured total pressure at both inlet pipe and outlet to calculate total pressure loss by changing the muffler shape.
In this study, we considered offset element and volumetric rate by using baffle plate. To measure the total pressure and velocity we used pitot tube and AD converter.


For K-Means clustering algorithm,the k value must be determined in advance and can't be changed. However,the value is usually not the best if it is determined by experience. In this paper,fitness is taken into account to look for optimal number automatically in the mutation operations. Also,genetic operation is used to select the centers accordingly. In addition,the global optimization capability of genetic algorithm can overcome the locality of K-Means clustering algorithm. The experimental results show that this algorithm has better global searching capability and can efficiently improve the clustering result by adjusting the k value automatically.


A numerical multiphase flow model is proposed to predict the behaviour and motion of entrained inclusions in liquid steel, as they enter the orifice of a LiMCA (Liquid Metal Cleanliness Analyzer) sensor for assuring steel quality. The method of measurement is based on the electric sensing zone (ESZ) technique. The liquid metal flow field within the ESZ is obtained by solving the Navier-Stokes equations taking into account the presence of a selfinduced electromagnetic field. When an entrained non-conducting inclusion passes through the orifice of the probe, in the presence of a direct current, the change in the electrical resistance of the ESZ due to its presence in the ESZ can register a resistive pulse. Such signals, in turn, can be used to detect the numbers and sizes of entrained inclusions. The trajectories of these entrained inclusions have been modeled using a momentum equation by solving Comsol ODE, External forces acting on the particles include those for standard drag (Stokes), added mass, fluid acceleration, buoyancy and, most significantly, electromagnetic. The boundary effects on Stokes drag are also taken into account. Predicted voltage pulse signals are compared with experimental values derived from some water-based LiMCA experiments


This paper presents a procedure for the displacement-based seismic design of in-plan asymmetric buildings with earthquake-induced damage control. Damage is defined on the structural elements in the in-plan and elevation layout of the structure. The proposed method is based on the concepts of the performance-based seismic design philosophy and the application of basic equations of structural dynamics that are regularly used for the current design of buildings. In its application, the simultaneous bidirectional seismic demand is characterized by smooth design spectrum as proposed by most current regulations. To illustrate the steps required in the application of the design method proposed, the paper presents the design process of a 15and 12-story buildings with in-plan asymmetric distribution of stiffnesses and subjected to a design demand given by the spectrum a real seismic event representative of soft soil sites such as those of the bed-lake of Mexico City. The results obtained are compared with the corresponding results of the nonlinear dynamic stepby-step analyses under the same seismic demand. Based on the results obtained, the relevance of this procedure in the displacement-based seismic design of asymmetric buildings and the implications for its consideration in future regulations are discussed.


In order to solve the problem of rescue and safe operation in power industry, we design the live working robot whose structure and control method are introduced. We design the system solution of the force feedback and master-slave teleoperation robot for live working. Its structure and performance are optimized by kinematics, dynamics and finite element analysis. Besides, we build the kinematics model of the robot. Aiming at the problems of master-slave synchronous operation and force control in working process, teleoperation control method and force feedback control method are designed. Through the force feedback simulation experiment on WEBOTS, we verify that the force feedback control meets the design requirements. The feasibility of the method is verified by semi-physical simulation platform. Finally, experiments are carried out on the force feedback master-slave teleoperation robot, which verifies that the synchronization of the master-slave teleoperation meets the design requirements.


The generic expression of outflows and the recursive expression of link travel time were presented when the condition of the inflows and the quadratic link travel time were known.On the assumption that traffic flow satisfies the rule of first in and first out(FIFO),the relational expression between the outflows and the inflows was given by the expression of traffic flow and the quadratic link travel time model.A traffic flow expression and a kind of more clear solution of quadratic link travel time were also presented.According to the conclusion presented,the expressions were simulated based on the real traffic investigation data.The result of simulation shows accordance with the real traffic flow status.


In this issue of Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, we present a series of articles on the clinical use of antidotes and rescue therapies. Our goal is to heighten awareness in the scientific community about the benefits of and challenges to research and development for these agents. The intention is to stimulate further interest in this area, leading to new and improved antidotes. Antidotes are medications that limit the progression of adverse health outcomes that result from exposure to exogenous agents: drugs, metals, and toxins. Antidotes are commonly used to treat poisoned patients and, in select situations, patients receiving chemotherapy.

The use of antidotes depends on the clinical indication and the availability of the product. The National Poison Data System (NPDS) reports the annual occurrence use of selected antidotes and rescue therapies available for poisoned patients [1]. These reports, compiled from calls made by the public to Poison Control Centers throughout the United States, likely under represent the actual figures because calls are made on a voluntary basis. Since the 2004 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the intravenous formulation of N-acetylcysteine (IV NAC) for human acetaminophen poisonings in the United States, annual use of IV NAC increased by approximately 13 fold. Average annual use during 1999–2003 was 1,279; in 2009, the number was 16,260 [1–11]. Similarly, the use of fomepizole (4-methyl pyrazole) for ethylene glycol and methanol poisonings increased from 305 in 2000 to 1,743 in 2009 [1, 3–11]. Fomepizole was FDA approved for use in patients poisoned with ethylene glycol in 1997 and methanol in 2000. Prior to the availability of fomepizole, ethanol was used to treat these patients. Its annual use decreased from 576 during 1992 to 1996 to 96 in 2009—largely because of its unfavorable safety and efficacy profiles compared to fomepizole [1–19]. These examples indicate the clinical need for antidotes and the demand for antidotes when they become available.

Antidotes improve health outcomes in poisoned patients by reducing overall morbidity and mortality. In a multicenter clinical trial consisting of 150 patients with digitalis toxicity, use of digoxin-specific antibody fragments resulted in accelerated recovery and 54% decreased mortality in poisoned patients [20]. The improved clinical response of patients with digitalis toxicity from digoxin antibody therapy was observed in 86% [21] and 90% [20] of patients participating in two large multicenter studies. An inadequate dose of digoxin antibody was associated with an incomplete clinical response [21]. In a predictive model, the use of digoxin antibody reduced the length of hospital stay (LOS) by 1.5 days (LOS was 1.5 days with digoxin antibody therapy and 3.0 days without it), decreased cost in 37% of cases, and reduced LOS in 72% of cases compared to standard therapy without digoxin antibody in patients with non-life-threatening digoxin toxicity [22].

In patients with acetaminophen poisoning, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administered within 8 hours of acetaminophen ingestion decreased the percent of patients with hepatotoxicity [23, 24] and improved survival in patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) [25]. In a multicenter prospective randomized study, 11/110 patients treated with NAC at greater than 8 hours of ingestion developed hepatotoxicity, in comparison to 0/57 patients treated within 8 hours (p=0.0135) [24]. In a prospective randomized controlled trial of patients with FHF from acetaminophen toxicity, patients receiving prolonged NAC treatment had lower incidences of cerebral edema and hypotension requiring intravenous inotropic support, likely contributing to a higher rate of survival than patients not treated with NAC (48% vs. 20%, p=0.037, 95% confidence interval for difference in proportions surviving 3% to 53%) [25].

Although poisoned patients are the common focus of antidotes, cancer patients receiving chemotherapy can benefit from these agents as well. In randomized controlled trials, dexraxozane reduced the incidence of doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction) and congestive heart failure in patients treated for metastatic breast cancer [26, 27]. Dexrazoxane is approved by FDA for use in patients receiving >300mg/m2 of doxorubicin to reduce the risk for cardiac toxicity [28].

Antivenoms to species of the black widow spider (Lactrodectus) and pit viper snakes found in the United States (Crotalus, Sistrurus, and Agkistrodon) also have demonstrated clinical efficacy in envenomated patients. In a retrospective study of 118 patients with black widow spider envenomations, patients treated with the antivenom improved sooner based on the duration of their symptoms (mean of 9 hours vs. 22 hours, p<0.05) and had a lower percent of hospitalization (12% vs. 52%, p<0.05) than patients not treated with the antivenom [29]. Pit viper antivenom, available in the United States for several years, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of patients with coagulopathies from envenomations. The immunoglobulin G (IgG) formulation was associated with significant allergic reactions, but the newer version of pit viper antivenom contains only the antigen-binding fragment (Fab fragment) and has a lower incidence and severity of allergic reactions (5.4–19% vs. 23–56%) than the IgG formulation [30]. However, the recurrence of toxicity with the Fab formulation is a recognized concern because of the greater clearance of the antivenom than the venom from the body. The pit viper antivenom, fomepizole, and hydroxycobalamin (for cyanide poisoning) are examples of opportunities for the development of antidotes with enhanced safety profiles.

Other opportunities for research and development of antidotes include their use in populations of concern (e.g., children), selected settings (e.g., mass casualties), and new approaches (e.g., aptamers-antidote pairs). Although randomized controlled trials are the desired study design, they can be difficult for agents that have been in use for many years because of ethical concerns. Silibinin (for amatoxin poisoning); reactive skin decontamination lotion (for chemical warfare agents); hydroxycobalamin, calcium and zinc salts of diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (for chelation of internal contamination with plutonium, americium, curium); and oligonucleotide antidotes for antithrombotic agents are such examples, reviewed in this issue of the Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology.

We would like to express our appreciation of the impressive efforts of the contributing authors to this issue of the Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. We hope the readers will take away from the articles some newfound information that enables them to further their own activities that can lead to enhanced antidotes and rescue therapies in the future. The success of this effort will require a collaborative effort from various sectors involved with this focus. Although antidotes can limit the mortality and morbidity of poisoned patients, prevention remains the best therapy.


Opinion 1/08 of the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) resolves a dispute between the European Commission, supported by the European Parliament, on the one hand, and the Council of the European Union (Council) and fifteen member states, on the other, as to the competence of the European Community (EC) to conclude — with certain members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) — particular agreements (Agreements) modifying the schedules of specific commitments (Schedules) of the EC and its member states under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). More importantly, by interpreting for the first time some of the provisions defining the common commercial policy (CCP) as they were recast by the Nice Treaty in 2001, this opinion clarifies the scope of the external powers of the EC vis-a-vis its member states. The Court held in essence that the Agreements — although concerning neither exclusively nor predominantly sensitive sectors, such as culture, education, as well as social and human health services — fall within the shared competence of the EC and its member states. Interestingly enough, the opinion was rendered on November 3'8 2009, on the eve of the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, which, inter alia, modified once more the CCP provisions. Yet, this opinion remains relevant to the extent that it helped to resolve another dispute pending before the ECJ on whether the approval of Vietnam's membership in the WTO fell solely under the competence of the EC or whether it also required the participation of the member states.


Abstract BREEDS and varieties of chickens which carry the genotype cc are white in adult plumage because of their inability to develop color in the feathers. Nevertheless, from the time these varieties originated, certain individual chicks have been observed which carry smokiness or gray in the down. A smoky chick is shown in Figure 1. The number of smoky chicks present in a hatch of chicks varies with the strain. The frequency of these individuals may vary from practically nil to one hundred percent depending on the strain. Although no specific study on the inheritance of smokiness has been reported, a number of investigators have made certain observations concerning the character. Jaap (1942) secured data which led him to conclude that there was an association between the presence of gene E for extended black in the genotype and the presence of smokiness in the down of the chick. Jeffrey (1947) also …


An implementation of a synchronization mechanism in transport protocol to support multimedia applications over a packet or cell switched network is proposed. In designing such a mechanism for practical use, ease of implementation and capability of handling random delay of packets are two key issues for success. Since the random delay of packet or cell switched networks makes synchronization among media more complicated after the transmission across the network, a model which considers the random transmission delay is hence required to specify the temporal relationship among media. Therefore, a real-time synchronization model is presented to satisfy this requirement in the paper. Based on the proposed synchronization model, a transport protocol, namely the multimedia synchronization transport protocol (MSTP), is designed and implemented. We have implemented a prototype system using the MSTP protocol and built a simulation system for the wide area network (WAN) environment in order to evaluate the performance of the MSTP protocol.


Summary Athyrium distentifolium is found in scattered sites in the Central and Northern Highlands of Scotland. In a few localities in the Central Highlands there is also an endemic variety: A. distentifolium var. flexile. Both types are found together in polymorphic populations with the two distinct forms. A. distentifolium can only grow well with moderate nutrients and in the polymorphic populations A. distentifolium is smaller than elsewhere and frequently infertile. A. distentifolium var. flexile is a smaller plant which is more frequently fertile than A. distentifolium in polymorphic populations and appears particularly well adapted to grow in stressful environments with low nutrient status.


In this paper,a non-uniform beam is used to absorb the vibration of a plate-shell coupling structure,and the power flow of the structure are calculated and simulated.It is found that the vibration-absorption effect of the beam to the shell and plate is remarkable at resonant frequencies,and the vibration-absorption effect of the beam mainly depends on its location in the structure.The larger the response magnitude of the plate at the position of the beam is,the better the effect of vibration absorption of the beam is;and the greater the loss factor of the beam is,the better the vibration-absorption effect of the beam is.


In the past century, professional development has played a key role in educational reform with a great emphasis on life-long professional learning. There are a wide variety of organizations and businesses presently that use professional development for improving professional competence, for organizational enhancement, or to comply with regulations set by industry and government. The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001 requires that states ensure the availability of "high-quality" professional development for all educators (No Child Left Behind Act, 2001). However, NCLB does not overtly define high-quality professional development or how it should be delivered to educators (Borko, 2004). Professional development strategies currently employed in education include: short or long-term training related to a specific discipline or instructional technique, supervision, book studies, professional learning communities, mentoring, consulting, and coaching. In this manuscript paper, we will discuss adult learning theory, and how knowledge of it can enhance professional development in the field of education. We argue that one specific practice, literacy coaching, can result in successful, productive professional development as it pertains to teachers as adult learners. We will also address the issue of the inconsistent delivery of the K-12 coaching model in education today, and steps that can be taken to resolve it.


The department's faculty members supervise research in biochemistry; molecular, cellular, developmental, computational, and structural biology; and model system genetics. Their work is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, the American Heart Association, the American Cancer Society, the Muscular Dystrophy Association, and other sources. To learn more about the department's faculty members and areas of research, visit the Department of Biochemistry website.


Transportation system management (TSM) is not new. The overall concept is to get the greatest possible utilization out of the existing system. Engineers and transportation planners have been practicing it (TSM) for years. But, the TSM concept, as an organised, inter-modal region-wide process, is relatively new (5-10 years). This paper discusses the character projects, organisational structure (including federal, state and local perspectives) of the TSM process and the impact of financial, political and environmental concerns. The application and character of a number of TSM tactics is touched upon. Particular attention is paid to the programming, prioritizing and evaluation of TSM projects and processes in light of the diverse character of urban centres in the United States. (Author/TRRL)


Black mattering is contested terrain. As we write this, more than 25 states and municipalities have proposed or passed legislation banning critical race theory (CRT) and the incorporation of material(s) that upset the normative curricular and pedagogical conditions of whiteness. Against this backdrop, what is mattering for Black people? This essay interrogates the formations and utilizations of educational pedagogies and curriculum. It raises questions about the implicit intent of these mechanisms on and for the lives of Black people, with specific attention to the notion of mattering. Plainly, pedagogies and curriculum that have failed to center or theorize the ways anti-Blackness facilitates projects of unmattering have engendered a set of conditions that reproduce anti-Black racism in and beyond the educational context. To address these conditions, we conceptually trouble the notion of mattering by meditating on a set of priorities urgently embodied by Black passage into and through anti-Black spaces and places.


We present a novel feed-forward laser linewidth reduction scheme. The linewidth of a DFB laser is reduced from 9.4MHz to 37.2kHz. Sixteen modes of a mode-locked laser are simultaneously reduced from ~20MHz to below 300kHz.


The goal of advanced cockpit display systems is to present large amounts of information quickly and in an understandable format, enabling the aviator to improve mission performance. Wright Laboratory is developing a program to dramatically improve current display systems. Current front-line cockpit display systems utilize low-resolution analog video to present two dimensional (2-D) images on many separate displays. The future cockpit will be capable of integrating large picture digital video with three dimensional (3-D) and 2-D color images. This system will be capable of rendering icons, maps, and world-views. It will be compatible with head mounted displays and multiple large displays to improve war-planning and combat aviator situational awareness. We are developing a massively parallel 3D renderer which will be capable of updating 500,000 3-D triangles per second with shading, lighting, transparency, texture mapping, and hidden surface removal. The renderer design, based on a University of North Carolina pixel planes design, employs a massively parallel architecture. The rendering system will be small enough to fit on one board, extensible to dual-seat configuration, and capable of up to eight windows per display channel.


One of the reasons why the crisis caught everyone by surprise is the fact that the current system of socio-economic process is imperfect and that market and governments participants didn't focus on the analysis of the most appropriate indicators. For example, if such limited rate as GDP were using, there might be less euphoric about the economic situation in the years preceding the crisis. A comprehensive evaluation system that includes assessment of the sustainability of growth, would more carefully evaluate the economic situation. The urgency of transition to a quantitative and qualitative new level of measurements in different areas gives an opportunity to influence policy in the field of statistics in more than 150 countries, based on international statistical standards developed by the UN, as well as the work of international organizations that play a key role in the development of world statistics standards.


Bat ball has a barrel in which one or more reinforcing elements therein are positioned. Reinforcing elements can be arranged in various positions, in order to selectively limit the performance of barrel without increasing significantly the moment of inertia of the bat, can have a variety of forms. In one form, the reinforcing element has two radially outward flange, and one radially inner flange, and two web members of the two outer flanges connected to the inner flange. Radially outer surface of the two radial outer flange is in contact, it can be attached to the inner surface of the barrel wall.


Certain families of graphs can be used to obtain multivariate polynomials for cryptographic algorithms. In particular, in this paper, we introduce stream ciphers based on non-bijective multivariate maps. The presented symmetric encryption algorithms are based on three families of bipartite graphs with partition sets isomorphic to $\mathbb{K}^{n}$ where $\mathbb{K}$ is selected as the finite commutative ring. The plainspace of the algorithm is $\Omega = \{x\vert \sum x_{i} \in \mathbb{K}{\ast},x \in \mathbb{K}^{n}\} \subset \mathbb{K}^{n}, \Omega\cong \mathbb{K}{\ast} \times \mathbb{K}^{n-1}$. We describe the algorithm for the case $\mathbb{K}= \mathbb{Z}_{2^{m}}, m \leq 2$. In fact, we use the relation $d \ast d_{dec}\equiv 1(\mod 2^{m-1}), d, d_{dec}\in\mathbb{Z}^{\ast}_{2^{m-1}}$ to obtain encryption polynomial map of degree greater than or equal to $d + 2$ and decryption map of degree greater than or equal to $d_{dec} + 2$. We assume $d_{dec}$ grows with the growth of parameter $m$, because this makes cryptanalysis very difficult task. Symmetric encryption and decryption algorithms for users are numerical recurrent processes, not requiring generation of encryption and decryption maps in their symbolic forms. They use arithmetical operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication. That's why the algorithms are robust (execution speed is $O(n)$). To break the algorithm an adversary must use linearization attacks for recovering non-bijective "decryption map" of degree greater than $d_{dec} + 2$ in its symbolic form. To achieve this, the adversary needs at least $O(n d_{dec} + 2)$ pairs of plaintext and corresponding ciphertext to restore the non-bijective map of degree greater than or equal to $d_{dec} + 2$. We present tables for evaluation of execution time for m = 8 with various length of passwords and sizes of files. Computer simulations demonstrate good mixing properties of the encryption functions.


This paper provides a detailed description of how Dallas Baptist University has used the impetus generated from implementing a new integrated campus administrative computer system to document, analyze, and recommend significant organizational changes. The changes were undertaken to improve overall campus efficiency and quality of service. The basis of the paper is the methods by which DBU reengineered major service processes on a campuswide scale. Illustrative examples include reengineered processes that were improved by as much as 200 percent. In addition to discussion of the reengineering process, attention is drawn to actual case examples, documentation, and recommendations. Also addressed is the political skirmishes involved in the reengineering efforts, along with the techniques for overcoming resistance to the recommended restructuring. The entire presentation has been created to help move reengineering efforts from a pie-in-the-sky conceptual plane to a truly practical, applicable level. The increased competition, shrinking budgets, and technological pressures of today's educational environment assure that this topic will be appropriate for some time to come.


Absolute rate coefficients for the reactions of the hydroxyl radical with four selectively deuterated isotopes of isobutane were determined by using the laser photolysis/laser-induced fluorescence technique. Kinetic data were obtained at a pressure of 400 Torr of helium over the temperature range 293-864K. Rate coefficient results for the OH + i-C/sub 4/H/sub 10/ ..-->.. H/sub 2/O + C/sub 4/H/sub 9/ reaction are fit by the modified Arrhenius expression k/sub 1/(T) = (4.31 x 10/sup -17/)T/sup 1.80/ exp(+348 cal mol/sup -1//RT) cm/sup 3/ molecule/sup -1/s/sup -1/. The authors find that the reactivity of an individual methyl or methylidyne group in isobutane is independent of the hydrogen isotopic content of the remaining alkyl groups in the molecule. Branching ratios for formation of tert-butyl and isobutyl radicals are presented as functions of temperature; abstraction of a tertiary hydrogen atom dominates the reactivity at room temperature, and abstraction of primary hydrogen atom is favored at 1000 K. The kinetic isotope effect for tertiary H- and D-atom abstraction from isobutane by OH is characterized.


The invention multiple on that, the substrate material for light weight also thin and can be configured to be flexible, yet provide a dye sensitized photoelectric conversion element module of the sensitized solar cell module and a production method to obtain high electrical efficiency in the dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion device having a dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element module, and a thickness as the support base material using a thin film less than 0.2㎜ glass substrate 1, also, the dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element module of the thin glass substrate on at least one side It is (1) adhered to the protective film (9, 11) of resin having a size more than the size of the. By sequentially laminated a thin glass substrate (1) formed on the transparent conductive layer 2, the dye-sensitized semiconductor layer on the (3), the porous insulating layer 4 and the counter electrode (5) constitutes a dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element . Is impregnated with an electrolyte in the dye-sensitized semiconductor layer 3 and the porous insulating layer (4). Thin glass substrate, a dye-sensitized semiconductor layer, the porous insulating layer, semiconductor particles, an electrolyte, a chemical vapor deposition, low-melting metal, metal iodide


With rapidly increasing production and installation, recycling of PV modules has become the main issue. In this study, we developed the application to recover the tempered glass from panels and remove Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) from PV cells. The processes divided into two parts, organic solvents soaking and thermal treatment. In the organic solvents process, this study soaked PV modules into organic solvents to dissolve EVA resin and recover tempered glass. In the thermal treatment, this study removed EVA resin remaining on the PV cell. This study can comprehensively recover tempered glass and remove 99.97% EVA resin from PV cell. Moreover, it can contribute to not only subsequent leaching processes but also the environment and humankind health.


Full-length cDNA Library for leaves of Viciaunijuga was constructed with SMARTTM cDNA library construction kit after total RNA of V.unijugaleaves was extracted by Trizol reagent.The primary library has titer of 2.3×106 pfu·mL-1,while the amplified library has a high titer of 6.2×109 pfu·mL-1 and 92.7%recombinant rate.Sixteen plaques were randomly selected from the amplified library and amplified by PCR.The results showed that the inserted fragment length ranged from 500to 2 500bp.The 3′ end full-length cDNA of CAD,a Vicia unijugagene related with lignin synthesis which has been cloned by RACE,was amplified in this cDNA library using PCR,which indicated that the cDNA library for leaves of V.unijugahad been successfully constructed using SMART technique.


Summary: Biochemical studies on human prolidase (EC 18.104.22.168) and prolidase deficiency are described. The urine sample from a 32-year-old female with prolidase deficiency was examined. Diagnosis was based on clinical features and defects of prolidase in her erythrocytes. She excreted massive amounts of iminopeptides, where three major peptides were identified; aspartyl-proline, glutamyl-proline and glycyl-proline. The prolidase was purified approximately 10,000-fold from the normal human erythrocytes through an eight step procedure. The purified enzyme consisted of two identical subunits of which the molecular weight was calculated to be 55,000. The relative cleavage rates of the enzyme for glycyl-L-proline, L-alanyl-L-proline, L-leucyl-L-proline, L-prolyl-L-proline, and glycyl-hydroxy-L-proline were 100%, 53%, 27%, 31% and 2%, respectively. The relative substrate specificity of the enzyme offers a reasonable explanation for the presence of a higher level of urinary imidodipeptides in a patient with prolidase deficiency. An attempt at erythrocyte transfusion was performed, aimed at enzyme replacement therapy. After the transfusion (erythrocytes from 800 ml of whole blood), the prolidase activity of the peripheral erythrocyte was elevated to approximately 35% of the normal values and gradually decresed (half-life, 41 days). During this period urinary peptide-bound proline was monitored, but no significant change was observed.Speculation: The prolidase activity of transfused erythrocytes is relatively stable; however, intracellular enzyme activity has no effect on net proline loss and skin lesions. Enzyme replacement may be a possible attempt at therapy of the disease, but other forms of replacement should be tried.


Objective To explore the surgical techniques and prevent the complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt for treating of hydrocephalus and further to improve the effect of surgical treatment.Method The clinical data of 83 hydrocephalus patients performed ventriculoperitoneal shunt were analyzed retrospectively.Results After the operation,the symptoms were significantly improved in 57 cases,improved in 21 cases,and indistinctly ameliorated in 5 cases.Postoperative complications were found in 11 cases,including 4 of shunt apparatus blockage,3 of postoperative shunt infection,1 of subdural hematoma,1 of subdural effusion,1 of slit ventricle syndrome and 1 of epilepsy.Conclusion The measures of proper selection of shunt placement approach,canonical operative procedures and strict aseptic technique would be the keys to reduce postoperative complications and increase the surgical therapeutic effects efficiently for hydrocephalus cases treated by ventriculoperitoneal shunt.


For any stable curve $f$ in an exploded manifold, this paper constructs a family of curves $\hat f$ with universal tropical structure which contains $f$. Such a family has the property that any other family of curves containing $f$ is locally a small modification of a family which factors through $\hat f$. As such, families of curves with universal tropical structure play an important role in the analysis of the moduli stack of curves and the construction of Gromov-Witten invariants of exploded manifolds.