Still in my early years of practice, it has been easy to rely on facts gleaned from residency, board reviews, and meetings. Then an Internet-educated patient came in the door and shook my core assumptions. Confronted with Web site research, I had to answer very logical, yet superficial, medical questions. The latest question summarized an ongoing dialogue in the dermatologic literature to 4 simple words: "Are the margins clear?" After this patient had curettage of an "actinic keratosis" on the forearm by another dermatologist, she demanded assurance from me. Waiting for recurrence was not an option. Recently, a change was made in the classification of actinic (solar) keratosis to "keratinocytic intraepidermal neoplasia," and then to "squamous cell carcinoma, solar keratotic type, very superficial" to emphasize its malignant status. The new nomenclature more accurately describes the true nature of these carcinomatous lesions. This change creates a new subset of concerned patients with a cancer diagnosis. In addition, it justifies to the managed care administrator why removal is medically necessary. My new patient was unconvinced that the lesion had been adequately treated by a previous dermatologist. She wanted Mohs' micrographic surgery, which was performed by a third dermatologist. This was overly conservative. The lifelong challenge of medicine is to apply scientific developments to optimize patient care. Today, as more patients are attempting to manage their own care, they still need our guidance. Knowledge is power, indeed.


This research aims to increase activeness and achievement of measuring technology at SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta by problem solving method. The subject of these classroom action research with Kemmis and Mc Taggart model were 30 students of X TP2 class. Data were collected using observation sheet and test that then analyzed qualitative descriptive. The research result shows that there was enhancement from cycle I to II. The average activity in first cycle increased in second cycle from 36,66% to 74,43%. Furthermore, the average score on first cycle was 70.40 with 53.33% students completed, on the second cycle became 82.13 with 90% students completed.


As part of a programme to use the latest technologies and then optimise their use to deliver significant improvements, Shell has upgraded the protection and prediction systems on the Shell Draugen oil and gas platform in the North Sea. These new systems from Emerson Process Management have been installed to onitor and protect key platform equipment helping to improve maintenance efficiency and increased production.


In this paper we analyze Least Recently Used (LRU) caches operating under the Shot Noise requests Model (SNM). The SNM was recently proposed in [33] to better capture the main characteristics of today Video on Demand (VoD) traffic. We investigate the validity of Che's approximation [4] through an asymptotic analysis of the cache eviction time. In particular, we provide a law of large numbers, a large deviation principle and a central limit theorem for the cache eviction time, as the cache size grows large. Finally, we derive upper and lower bounds for the " hit " probability in tandem networks of caches under Che's approximation.


The concept of link in hypermedia systems and models provides an abstract and generic mean to arbitrarily interconnect nodes and contents. As a consequence of the loose semantics of the general plain concept of link, different types of links have been proposed for different purposes [Kopak, 1999], including the definition of aggregation and generalization relationships [Garg, 1988] and the explicit modelling of the structure of scientific writing [Trigg & Weiser, 1986]. In addition, link types have been included in hypermedia modelling frameworks, e.g., in [Díaz, 1997].


This paper examines a population of residential American college students and how they integrate communication technologies—namely, landline and mobile telephones, email, and instant messaging—with conventional face-to-face communication to form "multimedia relationships." Primary research investigates the use of different modes of communication in an environment typified by choice, where all members of the population have relatively equal access to technology and the Internet in particular.


In the year before Zermelo published his proof of the well-ordering principle from AC, the renowned Cambridge mathematician G. H. Hardy published a proof that there is an uncountable well-orderable subset of the real line [1], [2]. Hardy's technique was surprisingly modern: he used a ladder system on ω1 to build an uncountable set of sequences of natural numbers well-ordered by the preorder < of eventual domination. We now know that some form of the axiom of choice (AC) is needed for this, and even that the existence of Hardy's uncountable set does not imply the existence of a ladder system on ω1 just assuming ZF.


This chapter examines administrative documents of the Middle Ages and the major scholarly studies of them. It surveys the number of preserved documents and the problems surrounding the lack of documents in different periods and places. The author discusses the role and influence of the Church in the increased production and preservation of documents beginning in the eleventh century, leading to an enormous increase in the production of documents during the last three centuries of the Middle Ages.


The failure mode of fine-grain debris flow is investigated by using self-designed flume model device. Artificial rainfall is applied onto grain slopes in a flume model. Full-field displacement contour of fine-grain rainfallinduced debris flow during failure process is analyzed by using Digital Photogrammetry Deformation Measurement (GEODOG). The studies indicate that the particle movement of fine grains' experimental results respectively concentrated on the anterior and rear of sand slope of debris flow. The pore water pressure test results show that in the fine grain sample it is higher than it in coarse sand.


Leukocyte segmentation and location detection is the most important preprocessing step for further recognition. In this paper, an adaptive leukocyte segmentation method is proposed. Two kinds of color spaces are considered to enhance the nuclei. With the combined color space, the variety of stain and light condition can be avoided. In order to deal with different sizes of images, an adaptive segmentation method based on genetic algorithm is proposed. The experimental result shows that we can obtain promised segmental results even apply on different color tone and size of smear images.


Cavitation has received increasing attention worldwide due to its wide application in both medical and industry fields. The condition of cavitation activities takes a key role in its practical application, and it is passive cavitation detector (PCD) that is always used to detect real-time cavitation conditions. This paper reports the performance of a novel curved PCD that improved based on traditional PCD with a plane surface. It was found that the curved PCD had better sensitivity than the plane one and its optical operating area as well as critical performance points were also given. Based on this study, monitoring the performance of PCD can be improved for cavitation detection, especially in industrial fields that use stable cavitation technology.


three parts: in Part I, Rye provides the sociopolitical, theoretical, and literary contexts — both French and Anglo-American — for her study, partly attributing the increase in French narratives of mothering to a 'weakening of psychoanalysis as the dominant French theoretical paradigm — a paradigm that hitherto had offered little space for the mother's voice' (p. 37). Rye comments on the recent social and reproductive/technological changes to have affected French women's experience of mothering, changes reflected in the evolving familial permutations of 'single mothers, postdivorce families, homosexual family groupings' (p. 16). While new ways of experiencing mothering may necessitate new ways of writing it, as the title of Part II intimates — 'Mothering: Loss, Trauma, Separation' — the resultant narratives are somewhat bleak: texts examined, which represent more conventional family structures, portray mothers either losing children immediately after childbirth (Camille Laurens's Philippe) or years later (Laure Adler's À ce soir); they foreground either the trauma of childbirth (Christine Angot's Interview) or miscarriage (Leı̈la Marouane's Le Châtiment des hypocrites). At best, mothering is an ambivalent undertaking fuelled by a (dis)empowering dynamics (Marie Ndiaye's La Sorcière and Chantal Chawaf 's La Sanction). As Rye forewarns: 'It may be a truism to say that happiness does not produce a good story, but the most striking finding in my reading for this project has been the number of mothering narratives that express loss of some kind or relate to trauma' (p. 18). In Part III, focusing on non-nuclear family arrangements, things improve only slightly with (atypical) representations of guilt-free mothering (Marie Darrieussecq's Le Mal de mer and Angot's Léonore, toujours), as well as portrayals of single mothers who lose custody of their child (Geneviève Brisac's Week-end de chasse à la mère), or indeed murder them (Véronique Olmi's Bord de mer). Rye perceives a glimmer of maternal hope in the humorous textual representations of lesbian mothering (Éliane Girard's Mais qui va garder le chat?; Myriam Blanc's et elles eurent beaucoup d'enfants . . .: Histoire d'une famille homoparentale), a mothering whose current mutability 'work[s] toward the project of remodeling the family in France in a particularly positive way' (p. 138). Overall, it would seem that, whatever the extratextual renegotiations of paradigms of mothering in contemporary France, depressingly few fictional works have yet to demonstrate that '[w]hat is utopian or transgressive in life can be productively explored in the Cixousian "elsewhere" of literature' (p. 153). Narratives of Mothering makes a seminal contribution to the critical assessment of what is still, after all, the postpartum period in the lifespan of these narratives.


PURPOSE: A method for identifying a caller through an authorized certificate authority between a PC and a telephone having a CID(Caller ID) function is provided so that a receiver can selectively receive a telephone call in case that a user, registered in an authorized certificate authority, makes a call to a telephone having a CID function using an Internet phone. CONSTITUTION: After executing user registration to a gatekeeper(201), a user makes a paging permission request(202). In case that the gatekeeper grants the caller's paging request, the caller carries out paging to a desired telephone number(203). The gatekeeper pages a gateway related to the paged telephone number(204). The paged gateway and the caller transmit and receive control messages each other(205). The gateway makes a telephone call to a receiver(206). In case that the receiver responds to the call, the caller's voice is transmitted to the gateway in the form of real-time protocol data(207). The gateway converts the converted data into a voice signal and transmits it to the receiver(208).


Electromagnetic noise like interference (NLI) disturbs the proper working of radar by injecting noise from specific angular directions. Phased-array radars contrast this phenomenon via adaptive spatial filtering of the interference; this objective is reached by distorting the receiving antenna pattern by generating a null in the interference direction of arrival (IDoA). In the real world the adaptive cancellation of directional interference is limited, among other error sources, by the presence of clutter and by the amplitude and phase mismatch of receiving channels; thus adaptive signal processing strategies have to be conceived to permit the NLI cancellation in real environment. This paper compares two methods for adaptive signal processing in modem radar systems. We recall the working principles of the least squares (LS) and total least squares (TLS) algorithms. These processing methods are applied to three study cases in adaptive phased-array radar. We study the estimation of the jamming covariance matrix in presence of clutter in an adaptive phased-array. The null depth in adaptive jammer cancellation is then analyzed, and the problem of equalization of receiving channels is considered.


Previous work has shown that the economic impact of IT varies systematically with how a firm is organized. This study investigates the role of organizational factors on an important aspect of the economics of IT: the substitution of IT capital for other inputs such as capital and labor. Much of the previous discussion of IT impact has focused on the substitution of IT for labor, yet much of the managerial literature has recently stressed the importance of finding complementarities between IT and other organizational practices. The ability to identify and leverage potential complements between IT and other factors may become increasingly important as IT investments are used less for simple cost reduction and more for creating customer value. Using firm level data for over 400 large firms we find that organizational factors play an important role in a firm's ability to complement existing capital with IT investments. It appears that "modern organizations", exemplified by decentralized organizational form, greater use of skilled staff and newer capital investments, are capable of such complements, while their "traditional" counterparts do not have this ability. On the other hand, we find that all forms of organizations use IT as a net substitute for labor. IT and Modern Production 1


The given report substantiates the importance of the usage of the latest technologies, namely, presentation programs while teaching a foreign language. The report provides the characteristic of the most popular presentation tools, their peculiarities, advantages and disadvantages.


Objective To study the interaction between peroxiredoxin 2( Prdx2) and hemoglobin( Hb) within adult erythrocytes. Methods First,hemoglobin release test( HRT) was used to separate four Hb bands of the RBC and hemolysate samples. Then,the bands of Hb A,Hb A2,Hb A to Hb A2( Hb A-A2) and the re-released Hb were cut out from the gel,from which,the proteins were enriched by freeze-thaw method. After further thickening with sephadex-G25,the proteins were separated with 5%- 12% SDS-PAGE and a Western Blot was performed on anti-Prdx2 antibody. Finally,microscale thermophoresis( MST) was used to test the binding constant between Prdx2,Hb A and Hb A2. Results Prdx2 could be immunoblotted in the Hb A,Hb A2,Hb A-A2 and re-released Hb of the RBC samples,but could only be immunoblotted in the Hb A,Hb A-A2 and re-released Hb of the hemolysate samples. There was no Prdx2 in the Hb A2 of hemolysate sample. MST results showed that the Kd between Hb A and Prdx2 was( 14 ± 1. 08) μmol / L,but the Kd between Hb A2 and Prdx2 had not been detected. Conclusion There should be interaction between Prdx2 and Hb A,but no interaction between Prdx2 and Hb A2.


obtained.-Dr. WILFRED Fox showed a typical case of Adenoma 8ebaceum in a little boy the subject of epileptic fits. The disease had been noted for the first time at the age of 3 years, after the child had had several fits.-Dr. E. GiRAAAM LITTLE showed (1) a little girl, aged 5, who had had an extensive eruption of Sclerodermia upon the scalp, face, and body for the past eighteen months. There was also marked hemiatrophy of the face on the affected side and of the tongue. All the lesions were on the left side of the body. The child appeared delicate, and had a quantity of downy hair covering the mid-vertebral line. (2) A case of Rodent ulcer in an elderly man, who had had this ulcer for twenty-five years, and who had been treated for it with some success with x rays. In the past fortnight he had developed upon the site of the unhealed rodent a tumour the size of a Barcelona nut. The general opinion was that this fresh development was epitheliomatous, and, in view of the extreme rapidity of its growth, immediate excision was recommended.


Measurement and control of TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) of water has significant importance for industry, agriculture, livestock and health. The system designed and manufactured in this paper measures, displays and controls TDS of water by installing on domestic and industrial purification systems. Technology of manufacturing TDS measurement system is such that it can compensate for the adverse effect of temperature on measurement. Meanwhile, calibration of the measurement system will be explained by discussing several examinations conducted in Research Institute for Food Science and Technology. In order to control TDS, mathematical model for domestic water purification devices of reverse osmosis (RO) is obtained by running practical 12 هزادنا متسيس تخاس و يحارط لرتنک و یريگ TDS متسيس رد بآ شور هب سوكعم زمسا بآ هيفصت یاه PID ناربج يياناوت اب ،کيسلاک امد رثا یزاس ... لامک ديس يهلادي ديمح ،یدهشم یوسوم نيدلا Journal of Control, Vol. 6, No. 4, Winter 2013 ،لرتنک هلجم 1931 دلج ، 6 هرامش ، 4 ناتسمز ، 1931 experiments. Then, system controller is designed by Ziegler-Nichols oscillation method with the most appropriate controller being implemented. Operation of controlling TDS is done through real time and continuous controlling of a mix valve. This valve is closed parallel with a membrane filter or RO, so one can control TDS by adding or reducing inlet water into outlet water of this filter. The system developed by this research is produced in pilot by receiving scientific approvals from relevant authorities and has found numerous applications in industry.


We investigate the correlation between the mass of a central supermassive black hole (SMBH) and the total gravitational mass of the host galaxy (Mtot). The results are based on 43 galaxy-scale strong gravitational lenses from the Sloan Lens ACS Surveys (SLACS) Survey whose black hole masses were estimated through two scaling relations: the relation between black hole mass and Sérsic index (Mbh–n) and the relation between black hole mass and stellar velocity dispersion (Mbh–σ⋆). We use the enclosed mass within R200, the radius within which the density profile of the early type galaxy exceeds the critical density of the universe by a factor of 200, determined by gravitational lens models fitted to Hubble Space Telescope imaging data, as a tracer of the total gravitational mass. The best-fit correlation, where Mbh is determined from Mbh–σ⋆ relation, is log(Mbh) = (8.18 ± 0.11) + (1.55 ± 0.31)(log(Mtot)–13.0) over 2 orders of magnitude in Mbh. From a variety of tests, we find that we cannot reliably infer a connection between Mbh and Mtot from the Mbh–n relation. The Mbh–Mtot relation provides some of the first, direct observational evidence to test the prediction that SMBH properties are determined by the halo properties of the host galaxy.


3-(Pyridin-2-ylamino)propinoic acid ethyl ester(2) was prepared from 2-chloropyridine by oxidation,substitution and then hydrogenation.4-Methylamino-3-nitrobenzoyl chloride(3) was prepared from 4-chlorotoluene by oxidation,nitration,amination and chlorination.Dabigatran etexilate was synthesized from 2 and 3 by condensation,reduction,amidation,cyclization,amidination and acylation with an overall yield of about 12%(based on 4-chlorotoluene).


The International Court of Justice has been exceptionally lucky to have had the services of Carl-August Fleischhauer for a full nine-year term. It is hard to imagine a candidate with better qualifications. Immediately before coming to the Court Carl-August Fleischhauer had for a period of eleven years been the Legal Counsel of the United Nations. His period of tenure in this highly important but very difficult post was widely admired. He was greatly appreciated by his staff, and in turn gave considerable responsibility to those he especially valued, and was generous in his public acknowledgements of the work of his team. He exemplified the maxim that great leaders not only show the example to be followed, but also take care to express appreciation for work well done. With Fleischhauer, tactical wisdom in this matter fully coincided with his natural instincts as to how he wished to behave towards others. Fleischhauer was at the United Nations through particularly difficult and tumultuous years. His calm and careful advice allowed the United Nations to engage in certain new and imaginative activities, at the same time knowing that the legal basis for this 'creative lawyering' was meticulously sound. The morale at the Office of Legal Affairs was high – an equally important matter for a civil servant whether national or international.


The digital age – although differently in each sector and area – is present in the life of all the companies. It means not only the IT support of planning, production, manufacturing, warehousing, trading, etc. processes, because they have already been applied for several decades and developed permanently. The digital age strongly affects the entire company, all the divisions, departments, sites, and all the employees and executives working there. The concept of digital workplace, however, goes beyond the traditional physical framework of the company, because teleworkers, suppliers and customers are also connected into the IT processes. The information has become a new type of economic commodity, acquiring, possessing or owning it, and the control above it has become an increasingly serious and complex aspect of the company's success. In spite of the fact, that the success of the business is the well-understood interest of the company's stakeholders (employees, employers, owners, suppliers, etc.), in a lot of cases the (not always) ethical hackers dealing with social engineering are able to find the weak points of the company's information system through the human side of information security, due often to human negligence and irresponsibility. Our own research – involving more than 400 people from the executive staff of Hungarian companies – has led to the conclusion that only a very few of them have appropriate information security awareness. Therefore a chapter of our study introduces some possible forms of human attacks against digital workplaces and the prevention of these attacks.


Old Town Barilovic is located on a hill above the river Korana, fifteen kilometres southwest from Karlovac, in central Croatia. On the external side of the 15th century yard, layer with a large number of animal bones and other refuse was found, dates from 15th till 18th century. Analysed material contains about 5.850 bones, teeth and horns/antlers of animals of which 2.506 fragments (42.84%) were determined. Majority (96.61%) of skeletonically and taxonimically determined fragments belong to mammals. NISP and MNI among mammal species was the highest for cattle: %NISP value equalled 61.5% and MNI equalled 38. Small ruminants and pigs had lower NISP and MNI values. Sexually mature individuals were predominant with cattle and small ruminants, while with pigs 12 to 18 months old individuals were predominant. Cut marks are visible on numerous bones. Shape of those cut marks indicates that they were made with sharp metal tools and as a result of primary and secondary butchering. Traces of cutting carcasses in half are visible on almost all bovine vertebrae, which were cut medially or paramedially, while the cut marks of various lengths and depths, frequently appear on the caudal edge of the ramus mandibulae, a few centimeters ventrally of processus condylaris.


To meet the need for a practical, reliable, and valid measure of level of occupational aspiration (LOA), Haller (1957) has developed The Occupational Aspiration Scale (OAS). Although LOA has been recognized as a factor of some significance in the social mobility of youth (Empey, 19,56; Haller, 1959; Haller and Miller, 1963; Holloway and Berreman, 1959; Rosen, 1959; Sewell, Haller, and Straus, 1957), research has been restricted considerably by the lack of an instrument for measuring it. Evidence collected from several samples of male high school students suggests that the OAS is a valid measure of LOA (Miller and Haller, 1964). The purpose of this paper is to examine the characteristics of the OAS resulting from administrations of the instrument to eleventh grade boys and girls.


During the heating process the temperature‐induced liquid–liquid structure transition (LLST) of Al86Ni9La5 melt from 1320 to 1490 K was identified by both electrical resistivity and differential thermal analysis measurement. The effects of liquid structural change on the crystallization behavior and glass forming ability (GFA) of Al86Ni9La5 alloy were investigated. The amorphous samples prepared at different melt temperatures according to the liquid states were obtained. The results showed that the formation of intermetallic compounds during the crystallization process of the samples prepared below and within the LLST temperature range was earlier than that prepared above the LLST temperature range. The sample prepared above the LLST temperature range had the lowest GFA.


According to experimental investigations of the width and energy shift of X-ray Kα1, Lα1 lines Ti, V, Nb in antiferromagnetic compounds of transition (Fe, Mn, Cr) and rare-earth elements (Ln) it is shown that the spin density on diamagnetic ions, Ti, V, Nb is due to the superexchange interaction with paramagnetic ions in the second coordination sphere via oxygen atoms. The magnitude of the spin density is a function of the number and total spin of paramagnetic ions and of the J component (Sj) of total spin (S) in the rare-earth series in compounds LnVO4 and Ln(Ti, Nb)2O6. It is shown that the spin density on the rare-earth ions is greatly influenced by the decrease in radial extension of the 4f shell for Ce to Sm.

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Background: Postoperative ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt complications in pediatric patients involves impaired absorption of CSF from the subarachnoid space to the venous circulation via the arachnoid villi. It also involves obstruction in flow of CSF from the ventricles to the subarachnoid space. Objective: To assess the proper management of postoperative shunt complications. Patients and Methods: Retrospective study conducted in the Neurosurgery Department of Al-Azhar University Hospitals and El-Sahel Teaching Hospital. Pediatric patients from both genders including infants and pediatric patients till 12 years old who were having postoperative ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications were assessed clinically and radiographically for the best management that include either surgical or medical ones or both .Results: The management of postoperative VP shunt malfunction is essential shunt revision of either proximal or distal catheters or the whole system if shunt disintegration is suspected. The most common organisms in shunt infection were gram positive organisms (coagulase negative staph. and staph. aureus). Conclusion: The most effective management plan is shunt revision. To prevent VP shunt malfunction, we have to make sure of intraoperative closed, sterile and functioning shunt system.


Levulinic acid (LevA) is obtained by an acidic treatment of carbohydrates issued from starch or cellulose [2] and identified by the US Department of Energy as one of the twelve interesting chemicals building blocks [3]. Indeed, a wide variety of high-value added products such as Gamma-valerolactone (GVL), 1,4-pentanediol (PDO) or methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF) can be obtained by the selective hydrogenation of LevA. In this work, we evaluated the influence of several supported mono and bimetallic catalysts (Ru, Pd or Pt associated with Re) on the selectivity of the reaction. We have investigated the influence of (i) the nature of the support (C or TiO2); (ii) the mode of preparation of the monometallic catalysts (CE: Cationic Exchange; SI: Successive Impregnation; DP: Deposition-Precipitation); (iii) the ratio of the metallic promoter (Re/noble metal) and (iv) the operating conditions on the reaction rate and the selectivity into the desired products.


Let A be a Banach algebra. In [1, 2] R. Arens showed how to construct two multiplications on A** which make A** into a Banach algebra. The two multiplications are, in general, distinct; Arens said that A was regular if they coincided. In this paper we are concerned with the regularity of Banach algebras of the form l^S) and ^(S.eu), where S is a (discrete) semigroup and co is a weight function on S. Earlier results are to be found in [3, 8]. In [8, Theorem 2], Young obtains necessary and sufficient conditions for /x(5) to be regular; in [3] are given some conditions for the regularity of l^S, co). In this paper we obtain new conditions for each of these; we can then obtain our main result that l^S, co) is regular whenever US) is. In [5], H. A. M. Dzinotyiweyi introduces the notion of the spaces AP (S,co) and WAP (S, co) of weighted (weakly) almost periodic functions on a semigroup S. As is clear from [5], these two definitions have a number of shortcomings. In this paper we shall offer alternative definitions of these spaces. With these definitions we can show that WAP (S, co) = lw(S, co) if and only if l^S, co) is regular and obtain a condition for AP (S,co) to equal / OS, co).


The most important problem of diabetic mellitus patients is the inability to control their blood sugar to normal level. Alternative Medicine and Complementary Therapy is now widely used along with conventional therapy among persons with both acute and chronic illness. Complementary therapies can help to restore the body's natural equilibrium and balance and when the body is relaxed and in balance it can cope with the everyday stresses and strains of life much more effectively. This descriptive study aimed to examine alternative medicine and complementary therapy use and reason for using, specific types of therapies, patterns, duration, informational sources, place of treatment, costs and the results of therapy use among diabetes mellitus patients in Maekorn Subdistrict, Muang District, Chiangrai Province. Seventy-six diabetes mellitus patients were purposively selected. The study instruments were 2 parts of questionnaires: 1) Demographic data and 2) The alternative medicine and complementary therapy among diabetes mellitus patients in Maekorn Sub-district, Muang District, Chiangrai Province. Content validity was 0.89 and reliability of the questionnaire was 0.85 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistic which are mean and percentile. The entire sample (80.64%) had adopted alternative medicine and complementary therapy at present. The most common alternative medicine and complementary therapy was herbal remedies (80.64%) as directly consumption (79.03%). The sample showed the continuous pattern of using alternative medicine and complementary therapy (32.07%). The reasons for using alternative medicine and complementary therapy were supplemental treatment for reducing blood sugar (88.71%) along with conventional therapy, some of sample adopted alternative medicine and complementary therapy because failing of conventional medicine (16.13%) and alleviating physical and


democratic freedoms re-assessed. Sen's approach often derives from his own background and experiences, such as the place of the 1943 Bengal famine in his work on famine and the early influence of Maurice Dobb in securing the labour theory of value for Sen as a 'descriptively rich' account of production (Walsh, 1995: 564). Sen again resorts to autobiography to support the provocative argument of Reason before identity, his 1998 Romanes Lecture at Oxford University, where he challenges the centrality of social identity in contemporary social theory, especially 'the amazingly assertive' versions of communitarian theory. Against the communitarian argument that identity is simply already there waiting to be 'discovered', Sen argues that identity can be just as much about reasoned choice. The discovery theory of identity splits the world into the normative and cognitive islands of intercultural separatism. Sen recounts some of the potentially devastating consequences of sudden 'identity-discovery' from his own teenage years in mid-1940s India where 'the broadly Indian of January was rapidly and unquestionably transformed into the narrowly Hindu or finely Muslim of March' (p. 20). But just how meaningful is it to plot such bitterly violent identities along a vector defined as 'discovered' or 'chosen'? Identity, especially national identity, can stabilize for lengthy periods as a naturalized, ideological reflex, punctured only episodically by extraordinary identity shifts (Billig, 1995). Few, after all, consciously choose to be 'nonnational' while the world's population unmindfully and everyday divides itself into nations, all the time inventing imagined 'ancient traditions'. Sen's binary poles of discovery-choice sets-up a new 'rational fool' who chooses (reasonable) identities and an 'irrational fool' who merely discovers (unreasonable) identities, distant cousins perhaps of the utility-maximizing 'rational fool' of official economics.


Studies were carried out at Citrus Research Station, Tirupati to record the extent of natural parasitisation of the larvae of citrus butterfly, Papilio sp. infesting sweet orange (cv. Sathgudi) and acid lime (cv. Balaji). During the period of study, three braconid parasitoids, viz., Apanteles pailionis Viereck, Apanteles sp.and Bracon hebetor were observed as larval parasitoids of citrus butterfly. The parasitisation was negligible on sweet orange and acid lime in the months of June, July, 2002 and April, May, 2003 which was due to absence of larval population. Peak parasitisation increased with peak infestation of the citrus butterfly and highest rate of parasitisation (33.33 to 82.45%) was observed on sweet orange during the months of October 2002 to January 2003 and on acid lime, highest rate of parasitisation (38.46 to 77.77%) was observed during the months of November 2002 to January 2003. The extent of natural parasitism was observed to be negatively correlated with maximum and minimum temperature


: One of the greatest challenges of modern agriculture is to produce more with less, to pro-ducing healthier, safer food under sustainable systems, this includes a focus on increasing the efficiency of finite resources such as water and nutrients and increasing the sustainable productivity of crops under innovative systems with LED lights on soilless culture. The aim of this research was to perform a bibliometric analysis on the benefits of vertical farming production systems on the nutraceutical quality parameters of horticultural crops, additionally, the main parameters used to evaluate the quality and productivity of crops were identified. The methodology and results were analysed over a period of 5 years using the different quality parameters of lighting-LED as the main light source. The main plant species studied were lettuce, cabbage, cucumber, and spinach. The results showed that use of 16 h light photoperiods increased nutritional compounds such as antioxidants, phenols, and total sugar concentration, but in general, a moderately positive effect on plant growth and development was observed. The most used light intensities were between the range of 150 to 300 µmol m −2 s −1 , and the specific spectrum-LED peaks between 450–495 nm (blue) and 620– 700 nm (red). Therefore, the use of LED lights on vertical farming systems as an alternative to increase the nutritional parameters of horticultural plants is a viable option since, in a short period of time and without geographical differentiation, it contributes to the production of nutraceutical compounds. It also contributes to a reduction of natural resource use, such as water, since one hundred percent of the research was carried out on the crops through hydroponic systems, which have the capacity to reuse water and nutrients.


The fundamental Buddhist belief that "life is suffering" is applicable not only at the level of individual human existence but also applicable at the level of family, community and the larger society. For Buddhists, suffering is a result of unnecessary human delusion and ego manifested through such qualities as unrestrained desire and anger. Society's institutions and policies can be understood as mutable entities that reflect this delusion, particularly in the form of human greed and materialism. Thus, because humans create institutions and policies through their actions, these institutions "like us, can be changed by our actions," so writes Buddhist environmental scholar and activist, Joanna Macy (1991, p. 191).


This paper designs a way of keyboard filter driver to acquire the users' information and threaten the users immediately,which is based on the principle of attaching to the system driver;meanwhile,paper gives its defending way for this attack and compiling questions,which could benefit the protection.


Proximity-dependent hybridization chain reaction (HCR) has shown great potential in sensing biomolecules on cell surface. However, the requirement of simultaneously occurring two adjacent bio-events limits its application. To solve the problem, split aptamers with target binding ability was introduced to combine with split triggers for initiating HCR, thus producing a novel dual-split aptamer probe (DSAP). By employing cancer-related receptors as models, in situ HCR on cancer cell surface induced by recognition-driven remodeling of the DSAP was demonstrated. The DSAP was consisted of two sequences. Each contained two segments; one derived from split aptamers and the other originated in split triggers. In the presence of target cells, split aptamers reassembled on cell surface under the "induced-fit effect", thus forcing two split triggers close to each other. The remodeled DSAP worked as an intact trigger, which opened the H1 hairpin probe and then hybridized with H2 hairpin probe, thus initiating HCR to produce an activated fluorescence signal. As proof of concept, human liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells and its split ZY11 aptamer were used to construct the DSAP. Results indicated that the DSAP realized sensitive analysis of target cells, permitting the actual detection of 20 cells in buffer. Moreover, the specific identification of target cells in mixed cell samples and the quantitative analysis of target cells in serum were also achieved. The DSAP strategy is facile and universal, which not only would expand the application range of HCR but also might be developed as a multi-target detection technique for bioanalysis.


The approach taken by the Czech legislature to the use of terms
that are the subject of this study implies that, in a situation
de lege lata - regardless of the fact that this legislative
text partly dates back to the time of real socialism these
terms are used in a standard way in a context comparable to the
concept of BGB, or ABGB.


Suppose that h(z) is a harmonic mapping from the unit disk D to itself with respect to the hyperbolic metric. If the Hopf differential of h(z) is a constant c>0, the Beltrami coefficient μ(z) of h(z) is radially symmetric and takes the maximum at z=0. Furthermore, the mapping γ:c→μ(0) is increasing and gives a homeomorphism from (0,+∞) to (0,1).


1Shaanxi Key Lab of Speech & Image Information Processing (SAIIP), School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China 2School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China 3Faculty of Computational Mathematics & Cybernetics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 4Berkeley Biomedical Data Science Center (BBDS), Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 5Biomedical and Multimedia Information Technology (BMIT) Research Group, School of Information Technologies, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia


In reply to the letter to the editor citing the original authors' incomplete data analysis of abortions they respond by stating that their research focused on primary outcomes: teen births and repeat abortions not abortions overall. Critics of this original study presented population-level outcome measurements - an outcome intentionally not examined in the study. The Contraceptive CHOICE Project through its provision of comprehensive contraceptive education and no-cost contraception resulted in reduced repeat abortions and lower rates of abortions and teen births compared with regional and national estimates.


Abstract Archaeologists – feminist or otherwise – use biologically sexed human remains to make inferences about cultures' conceptions of gender. Creating an easy link between 'sex' and 'gender', however, is not without problems. Recent debates within the social sciences have centered on the evolving, historical definition and cultural relevance of both of these terms. Interestingly, skeletal analysts' voices tend to remain silent in this debate. What do paradigmatic twists and turns in feminist and queer theorizing mean for burial analysis? To answer this question, I advocate a bioarchaeological approach that facilitates reconciliation of biological classifications, cultural constructions of gender and feminist theories that complicate 'sex' and 'gender'. As an example, I look to the pre-Columbian Maya.


Some specimens of dark olive-grey mudstone from Peeblesshire, collected and shown to me by Mr D. J. Brown, contain several internal and external casts of small bivalved Entomostraca. 1. Bairdia Browniana, Jones, 1871, MS.—Two internal casts fusiform, with one margin [dorsal?] more convex and more sinuous than the other, and with one end much more acute than the other, which is narrow and neatly rounded. Length of valve, 1/14th inch; breadth or height, 1/40th inch. This small and somewhat obscure form most nearly conforms in shape to some of the elongate subtriangular fossil ‶Bairdiæ,″ such as B. siliqua, Jones, and to some of the recent Macrocypridæ, &c. In its size, however, and (as far as can be seen in the casts) in its shape and proportions, it differs from all the other forms; it may therefore be catalogued as Bairdia Browniana, taking its name from its discoverer. The very minute elongate Cythere Grindrodiana (Annals Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. iii. p. 212, fig. 1) is readily distinguished from this Bairdia-like species. 2. Beyrichia impendens, Jones, 1869, ‶On the Palæozoic Bivalved Entomostraca,″ Proceed. Geol. Assoc. 1869, p. 11, figs. 4a, 4b. This variable little Beyrichia is represented among Mr Brown's specimens from Peeblesshire by casts of several individuals, in which the dorsal furrow is variously developed (and altered by crush), as well as its associated tubercle. In some specimens one side (hinder) of the furrow in so much elevated as to form an additional though small tubercle, making an unequal pair


During the mating season, male tarantulas abandon their burrows and actively search for widely distributed females, which remain fossorial. As a result, males are exposed to larger fluctuations in environmental conditions without the protection of a permanent retreat. Body temperatures (Tb) of active male tarantulas (Aphonopelma anax) encountered fortuitously in the field ranged from 24.7 to 35.1°C and preferred Tb's measured in a laboratory thermal gradient ranged from 22.1 to 31.3°C. The thermal options available to males at random points in their environment varied substantially throughout the day but temperatures typically exceeded 40°C. In comparison, temperatures within burrows remained below 40°C. Indices calculated from these temperature data suggested that males thermoregulated effectively during the day, while environmental temperatures were within their preferred Tb range at night and so active regulation of Tb was unnecessary. In addition, I determined the exact times that males ceased locomot...


In the 21st century, one of the main goals of chemical research is to develop an efficient technology to replace energy-consuming processes that are harmful to the environment. This paper mainly describes the application of photocatalytic technology in food safety such as degradation of heavy metals, toxic substance, bacteria and mycotoxins. In photocatalytic organic synthesis, high selectivity of a target product can be achieved by optimizing the reaction environment, thus providing a green and energysaving way for organic synthesis, and becoming the most potential green organic chemistry technology in the 21st century.(Friedmann, Hakki, Kim, Choi, & Bahnemann, 2016)


Lexical inferencing is refered to as guessing the meaning of an unknown word using available linguistic and other clues. It is a primary lexical processing strategy to tackle unknown words while reading. This study aims to explore the clue use of Chinese EFL learners in inferring the meaning of unknown word in reading. Two types of introspective research methods have been used to achieve the research aim. 55 participants of four levels (tertiary final, tertiary middle, tertiary initial and senior secondary) were asked to read a sample text and infer the meaning of target words through thinking aloud. Additional information of their lexical inferencing was elicited through stimulated recalls. The results show that Chinese EFL learners use a variety of clues in their lexical inferencing. The findings also reveal some discrepancies of clue use across different levels learners in lexical inferencing.


In this paper, the principles of a new type independent intelligent multiphase flow meter were introduced briefly, in which the ways to measure gas flowrate, liquid flowrate, and watercut of liquid phase were included. Furthermore, the local trial conditions and the testing results of the prototype of product were discussed in detail. The results showed that the prototype measured more than 95% of liguid rates to within +/-5% of the reference flowrates, and 100% to 8%; the prototype measured more than 67% of gas rates to within +/-5% of the reference flowrates, and 88% to +/-10%, 98% to +/-15%, 100% to +/-20%; the water holdup measurement errors were restricted in +/-2%. The accuracy of measurement could be available of oil production.


Denver, Colorado After a generation of coronary arteriography two basic techniques have evolved, the first being the more tradit ional brachial and the second the percutaneous femoral artery approach with multiple preformed catheters. Design and performance of these catheters have required consideration of curve and manipulations. T h e development consideration at this institution involved pursuing a basic percutaneous single catheter through systematic analysis of these existing approaches. Optional designs took into account the problem definition of torque control, catheter stiffness, angle, and tip flexibility, thereby eliminating either a cutdown or many changes with guidewires and preformed catheters.


For example, private network, and via a public network or a communication network such as the Internet through the interface unit, for example, e- concierge station or a service or an e- e- e- shop equipment shop or product providers, such as product providers, e. in the example method and apparatus for connecting devices such as TV shopping and e- interphone monitor or a central processing unit, or terminal, e- shopping software program based on the program e- services and / or select the e- items, and order processing which it is installed in the memory of the central processing unit. Shopping signal is generated and propagated between the shopping device and the interface unit and processed through the interface unit. Then, the shopping interface signals are transmitted between the device and a shopping e- e- shopping device and shopping facilities. E-commerce shopping terminals, video intercom, e- services


In this paper, the problems of robust stability for linear time-varying uncertain periodic descriptor systems are treated. Based on the results of Lyapunov inequality of linear time-varying periodic descriptor systems, the definition of robust stability is put forward, and by using linear matrix inequalities, a necessary and sufficient condition is obtained for the systems to be robustly stable. Then, the condition that the close-loop system under state feedback control is robustly stable is considered and a kind of state feedback robust controllers is presented. Finally, the definition of quadratic stability is introduced, and the relation between quadratic stability and robust stability of the systems is discussed.


The tomato crop has a high productive potential that can be depleted by biotic and abiotic stresses. Increased plant resilience to stress conditions has been reported with foliar applications of soil-mineral compounds; however, it is necessary to better understand how plants react to the use of this compound. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of foliar applications of a soil-mineral compound on the physiological and growth attributes of tomato plants. This experiment was carried out in Lagoa Formosa/MG during 2016. Different rates of the soil-mineral compound were used during the crop cycle, forming four distinct managements. The management consisted of different doses of the mineral compound in four stages after transplanting the tomato seedlings. The experiment design used randomized blocks. The following physiological evaluations were performed: total soluble protein, hydrogen peroxide, nitrate reductase enzyme activity, urease, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and lipid peroxidation (LP). The growth assessments were plant biomass and yield. Foliar applications of the soil-mineral compound increased the activity of the SOD enzyme by 4.17 and 6.25%. The use of the soil-mineral compound also increased the LP activity and reduced the antioxidant enzyme activity. The foliar application of the soil-mineral compost at doses of 0.5, 0.750, 1.0 and 1.0 kg ha-1 at 15, 25, 40 and 60 days after transplanting, respectively, increased the yield of the table tomatoes by 20%.


Measurements were made of the light scattered out of the plane of optical waveguides sputtered onto substrates of thermally oxidized silcon. The angular distribution of the scattered light can be explained theoretically as having as its origin roughness at the waveguide-air- interface. For waveguides of very high intensity scatter, the patterns are consistent with classical Mie scattering by spherical particles. This type of measurement may be useful in determining optimum conditions for fabricating very low-loss waveguide.


This article exposes the understanding of Catholic catechesis regarding the resurrection of the dead and the immortality of the soul in relation to the practice of burialof the dead, assuming the instruction Ad resurgendum cum Christo as a prerequisite for reflection. The catechetical position, on the horizon of dogma, is problematized in the context of contemporary eschatology and anthropology, in order to give rise to a counterpoint capable of harmonizing the different facets with which the disjunctive problem – aut aut – concerning the resurrection of the dead and the immortality of the soul hás been presented in today's theology. Joseph Ratzinger's eschatology is assumed as a fundamental theological framework to answer the innumerable questions raised by critical analysis regarding the properly theological notion of "resurrection of the flesh" and its anthropological implications. Immortality, according to the Ratzingerian perspective, is understood as a dialogical reality that comprises matter, history and the cosmos in the sphere of a "lastcomplexity".


Satisfiability solving is the problem of determining whether a given formula has a solution. Ln recent years, the field of satisfiability modulo theories (SMf) has extended methods in propositional SA T solving to accommodate existential first order formulas with non-Boolean variables. Here the non-Boolean variables are related by a background theory, such as a decidable fragment of arithmetic. Beginning with an overview of propositional satisfiability, this thesis presents results related to clause minimization, heuristics, and restarts. The thesis then gives a general overview of abstract SMT methods, which are rel¬atively independent of a given thenry. Two approaches are proposed. The first is a variant of a widely used SMT framework, DPLL(T), which promotes flexibility and clarity in the interface between a theory solver and a propositional solver. The second is a class of generalized DPLL algorithms which search directly for a model over the space of variable valuations. Ln this direct search case, the thesis presents proofs of correctness, with accompanying notions of progress and conditions for termination. The thesis then studies instantiations of each of these proposals. The DPLL(T) based method is instantiated with an efficient solver for difference logic, giving a fast algorithm for theory propagation. The direct search method is instantiated for real linear arithmetic; various mechanisms used in modem DPLL solving are adapted to the generalized case, and sorne limitations of the method are recognized. Initial experimentation shows a very different performance profile than is found in tradition methods.


The fluid-thermal coupled problem of underwater Oil-Filled Brushless DC Motors is studied in this paper. The influence of accurate calculation of heat transfer coefficient on the calculation results of temperature field is fully considered, the 3D model of motor while actual windings was simplified by equivalent method and the fluid model of internal oil and external seawater are established and use Finite Volume Method to calculate fluid-thermal coupled field. According to the calculation results, this paper proposed that it have an end effect at the end of motor which make the heat transfer coefficient at end of shell surface decrease. The temperature distribution of underwater motor is different from motor that working in the air, because the fluid flow has great influence on the shell, winding end and rotor. And further found the reason why temperature of magnet is high. The results have a significant meaning for studying underwater motor.


The development of robust and effective control strategies for crystallization processes is challenging due to the complexity of the underlying phenomena. The main objective is to control crystal mean size, crystal size distribution, purity and crystal shape. A novel trajectory tracking control strategy based on Reinforcement Learning (RL) was developed to control the batch cooling crystallization of paracetamol in water, used here as a case study. More specifically, a model-based reinforcement learning technique was designed to achieve effective tracking of three reference trajectories namely: process temperature, supersaturation and mean particle size to ensure the attainment of the targeted final product quality and dynamic process performance. An off-policy RL method based on a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm was used. The performance of the RL control was compared and validated against MPC. To address the tracking control problem in the case of noisy measurements and model uncertainties, the RL approach was combined with a Kalman filter. Finally, Transfer Learning (TL) was implemented to investigate optimal and cost-effective training strategies of the RL agent.


Since averaging of acoustically evoked potentials of variable latency yields inconsistent estimates, we tried to improve the results by applying Woody's adaptive filter [8], a weli-known template-cross-correlation method. However, the results were worse and obviously less reliable than those reported by Woody. The following reasons for this behavior were found: 1) low signal-to-noise ratio and 2) large coincidences in the spectral components of EEG and of acoustically evoked potentials, enabling erroneous synchronizations of evoked potential-like EEG transients.


The results of spectroscopic investigations on poly[bis(carboxylatophenoxy)]phosphazene, (NaPCPP), interactions with a cationic dye (methylene blue, MB) and with a cationic fluorescent probe ((1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonamidoethyl)trimethylammoniu perchlorate, DA) in dilute aqueous solution are reported. The metachromatic behaviour and the DA fluorescence spectral perturbations induced by NaPCPP was measured as a function of polymer concentration and univalent added salt concentration and compared with that found using different, highly charged polyelectrolytes. NaPCPP is shown to strongly bind both dye molecules, with hydrophobic dye/polymer side chain interactions playing a significant role in the aggregation (at low polyelectrolyte/dye molar ratios, P/D) and redistribution (at high P/D values) of the dye molecules along the chains. The findings of this work are discussed also in the light of the results obtained in previous studies on other features of NaPCPP polyelectrolytic behaviour in dilute aqueous solution.


An optical free-form surface milling machine is designed according to the process characteristics and cutting force of optical components manufacturing. The Z-axis column of the milling machine is designed by a mechanical shunt. In this paper, based on the principle of multibody dynamics (MBD), a virtual prototype (VP) of the optical free-form surface milling machine was established by the ADAMS software. The Z-axis characteristics of the milling machine were simulated and studied, and a modal analysis was carried out to obtain the natural frequencies and vibration modes of the milling machine. The simulation results show that the Z-axis of the milling machine has excellent dynamic characteristics when the gravity balance device is not working. The average torque of the Z-axis motor is 0.5 N·m when the gravity balance device is working, the average torque of the Z-axis motor is 0.1 N·m, and the average torque is reduced by 80%; therefore, the gravity balance device can obviously lower the load of the Z-axis motor, and improve the efficiency of the milling machine.


Objective To explore behavior character of ADHD children with and without oppositional defiant disorder(ODD).Methods 9495 children were sampled from six regions in Hunan Province by using two phase epidemiological design. Children were performed by investigators who administered the semi-structured schedule (K-SADS-PL)and the DSM-IV diagnoses criteria for ADHD and ODD.Parents completed Child Behavior Checkiist(CBCL) for Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) children.Normal children from negative screening were collected as control group. Results The result showed the subscales of behavioral problems were scored higher in ADHD without ODD group and ADHD with ODD group,ADHD with ODD obtained higher scores than ADHD without ODD on the CBCL aggressive behavior[(8.80±6.34)vs(6.85±5.69)],delinquent behavior[(4.10±3.17)vs(2.68±2.63)],externalizing[(12.90±9.09)vs(9.54±7.88)],total problems subscales.The subscales of social skills were scored lower in ADHD without ODD group,and there were significant differences.Conclusion Behavioral problems in children with ADHD than in normal children,behavior problems in ADHD with ODD are even more serious.

Key words:
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) ;  oppositional defiant disorder(ODD) ;  CBCL ;


Single crystal ESR data on ${(\mathrm{TMTTF})}_{2}X$ salts are presented. Taking advantage of the large dimensions of the crystals, skin effect is studied through the asymmetry of the ESR resonance lines. When the microwave magnetic field is perpendicular to the stacking axis, a very rich temperature dependence of this asymmetry is found although the three components of the conductivity tensor often exhibit a semiconducting behavior. In particular, we show that anomalies are present when the TMTTF chains experience a Mott localization or a charge ordering. The whole set of data is discussed theoretically in relation with the anisotropy of the electrical conductivity. We show that the crystal orientation and crystal shape are crucial parameters in explaining the experimental results. More precisely, we found that at the charge ordering transition, the largest conductivity anomaly occurs along the transverse $b$ direction, and we provide evidence, through ESR measurements of the conductivity in this direction, of a charge ordering transition at about $50\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ in ${(\mathrm{TMTTF})}_{2}\mathrm{Br}$. With the same method, we also show that irradiation kills the charge ordering transition, while deuteration enhances its critical temperature.


A model for a subject's beliefs about a phenomenon may exhibit symmetry, in the sense that it is invariant under certain transformations. On the other hand, such a belief model may be intended to represent that the subject believes or knows that the phenomenon under study exhibits symmetry. We defend the view that these are fundamentally different things, even though the difference cannot be captured by Bayesian belief models. In fact, the failure to distinguish between both situations leads to Laplace's so-called Principle of Insufficient Reason, which has been criticised extensively in the literature.
We show that there are belief models (imprecise probability models, coherent lower previsions) that generalise and include the Bayesian belief models, but where this fundamental difference can be captured. This leads to two notions of symmetry for such belief models: weak invariance (representing symmetry of beliefs) and strong invariance (modelling beliefs of symmetry). We discuss various mathematical as well as more philosophical aspects of these notions. We also discuss a few examples to show the relevance of our findings both to probabilistic modelling and to statistical inference, and to the notion of exchangeability in particular.


We would like to thank Dr. L. Heimburger for the time and effort provided to review our manuscript and his constructive comments that helped us improving our manuscript. All corrections suggested have been carried out in the revised version of the manuscript. In addition certain parts (Abstract, Introduction, Results and Discussion and Tables 1 and 2) have been re-worked to make the synthesis of both Reviewers' comments and suggestions. Overall, we believe that the manuscript has been improved in response to their helpful comments.


In previous papers we have shown that the polypeptide chain of horse spleen apoferritin has a molecular weight of 18 500 (Crichton & Bryce, 1970; Bryce & Crichton, 1971). The molecular weight of the oligomer has previously been reported to lie in the range 430000-480000 (Rothen, 1944; Harrison, 1959; Richter & Walker, 1967; Bjork & Fish, 1971), as determined by a number of physical techniques. These observations, together with the results of other chemical investigations in our laboratory, suggest that the horse spleen apoferritin molecule probably consists of 23-25 chemically identical subunits (Crichton, 1971, 1972). Taking advantage of the u.v.scanner of the Spinco model E analytical ultracentrifuge, we have redetermined the molecular weight of apoferritin by sedimentation equilibrium under conditions where no aggregation or other nonideal behaviour was detectable and find a value of 443000. The oligomer is not dissociated at concentrations from 1 mM to 0.01 ,UM.


A vortex-induced vibration has been observed in a parallel cable-stayed bridge. In order to understand the aerodynamic behavior of the bridge, a series of wind tunnel tests was performed. The flow around the decks is investigated with the help of a Particle Image Velocimetry.


The structural changes induced as a function of temperature in lamellar crystals of monodisperse oligoamides of nylon 6 and nylon 6 6 have been studied using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction. Three different types of solid-state transformations, differing in their mechanisms, rates and associated transformation temperatures, are evident:  unfolding, intersheet shear and, for nylon 6 6 molecules only, a Brill transformation. Unfolding transformations in the chain-folded crystals can occur within 40 min in a temperature range ∼40 °C below the melting temperature, Tm, and can also be induced at lower temperatures over longer time periods. Changes in intersheet shear, from an alternating to a progressive scheme, can be induced at relatively low temperatures, e.g. ∼70 °C below Tm for the once-folded 9-amide nylon 6 oligomer lamellar crystals, if long time periods (∼days) are employed. Upon heating, all the nylon 6 6 oligomers exhibited Brill transformations prior to...


We experimentally demonstrate ultrastrong coupling between the intersubband transition(s) in a single semiconductor quantum well and the resonant mode of photonic nanocavities at room temperature. The Rabi splitting reaches 27% of the intersubband transition frequency.


Kenneth Ledford has provided an insightful commentary on the two articles on Catalonia. He generously notes their contribution to debates on normativity in the history of civil law codification, for which I thank him. More important, Ledford raises several questions that need to be addressed before we can be convinced that "the Catalan experience can be used to refine and reshape assessments of any general European phenomena regarding civil law codification" (Ledford, 390). I shall use this space to briefly address each of his three questions.


Guarantee Agreement—Minas Gerais Municipal Management and Environmental Infrastructure Project (with General Conditions Applicable to Loan and Guarantee Agreements dated 1 January 1985). Signed at Washington on 19 October 1993


Studies were performed under atmospheric pressure in a fixed-bed microreactor and an on-line pulse reactor chromatograph to determine the effect of temperature,m(H2O)/m(C4) and residence time on producing propylene from C4 mixture.The experimental results showed that the yield of propylene increased with the increase of reaction temperature,but higher temperature resulted in obviously increasing dry gas yield and decreasing selectivity of propylene.The optimum m(H2O)/m(C4) and residence time could inhibit hydrogen transfer reaction and the yield of dry gas,and increase the yield and selectivity of propylene.


I recall as a child in the early 1950s watching a big black and white television. Announcers would occasionally seem to address me, as one of the "kids out there in televisionland." I thought I lived in New York State. But it was also becoming televisionland. Televisionland is an interesting metaphor, because it denotes the territory usually thought of as the real world. It contrasts with Hollywood or filmdom or screenland, which refer back to a (largely fictional) "reality" behind the screen. People know they have to travel to get to Hollywood but televisionland comes to you. Many years later, as I studied the media, I discovered some strange reversals in televisionland. For example, I had assumed that television shows were the product of the TV industry. Actually, I was the product of the television industry - as a member of an audience, I (or rather my attention) was being sold to advertisers. And to me, the shows were the most important thing on TV, and the ads just happened to be there, to be endured in the days before the remote control and the "mute" button. But as I later learned, the ads were the most important thing on television, because they paid the bills. The shows were just bait to round up an audience for the ads. So living in televisionland wasn't quite what it seemed. I thought I was using television for my own enjoyment, which I was. But I was also being used by television for someone else's profit. Of course, it didn't always work out that way. I remember Buffalo Bob, on the Howdy Doody Show, pitching Ovaltine. Boy, it was a great drink that all us "boys and girls" would love. So I pestered my mother to get Ovaltine. She told me I wouldn't like it. I insisted. Sure enough, when the Ovaltine came, I didn't like it. And so a skeptic was born in televisionland. Since those early black-and-white years, televisionland has gone through changes. In many ways, televisionland has come to look more and more like television itself. When I was young, and television was young, we weren't such slaves to fashion. We could look like kids, and wear whatever clothes we liked. We could have different haircuts. I look at young people today, and they look different - on the surface, anyway. They are much more likely than we were to have styled haircuts, and to wear brand-name clothes and sneakers. They look much more sophisticated and mature than we did as kids - although I am not convinced they are more mature. They've still got a lot to learn. However, I see plenty of visual evidence for Neil Postman and Joshua Meyrowitz's argument that childhood is disappearing, as television changes the information environment by presenting children with the same information available to adults. Has childhood really disappeared in televisionland? In one sense, no - there are tons of products, shows, and movies marketed directly to children as a special group. Kids are still prohibited from working in most jobs and required to go to school. But in another sense, childhood is disappearing. Kids' sports, for example, have become high-pressure career-related activities, with heavy family involvement and high-priced uniforms and equipment. No longer can you casually try out for the team. Schools have become more violent places, kids have to deal with guns and drugs - issues which used to be mainly on television. Today's children go through the same biological developments that children always did. (Although even this seems to be speeding up - for reasons that are poorly understood, children are maturing sexually at earlier ages, with the resulting much-lamented rise in teen parenthood. …


The action of homopantothenic acid (HOPA) on the central nervous system was investigated on the basis of its effect on the transcallosal potential in the cat and spontaneous electroencephalo gram in the rabbit. The antagonistic action against pentyl -enetetrazoland picrotoxin-induced seizures was also examined electroencephalographically. The following results were obtained. 1. Intraarterial injection (carotid artery) and topical application on cortex of HOPA did not affect the transcallosal potential. 2. A slight alert pattern was obtained on the spontaneous electro encephalogram of the unanesthetized restrained rabbit with in travenous injection of 500mg/kg or intracysternal injection of 5mg/ kg of HOPA. 3. An antagonistic effect against the electroence phalograms of pentylenetetrazoland picrotoxin-induced seizures was not observed after intravenous injection of 500mg/kg of HOPA. These electroencephalograms were suppressed by the in -tracysternal injection of 5mg/kg of HOPA-Na, but complete dis appearance of spike-and-wave discharges was not obtained.


Power systems have to be designed to withstand mechanical and thermal stresses caused by short-circuits. Fault current limiters (FCLs) are new and attractive devices to reduce short-circuit current levels significantly without adding additional impedance during normal operation. This paper summarizes the present R&D status of new FCL technologies, in particular superconducting FCLs (SCFCLs). At present SCFCLs are not commercially available but first field tests of medium voltage demonstrators showed the technical feasibility. In general, different types of SCFCLs have been developed and it depends very much on the specific application which type fits best the requirements. For the future, the two major R&D objectives are to develop high voltage SCFCLs (>100 kV) and simple and low cost SCFCLs for medium voltage levels (6-36 kV)


This paper examines the meaning of principal methods of system identification (SI). System identification is seen as a unique procedure to estimate in situ soil properties, especially soil subject to large strain. When applicable, parametric modeling of system processes is found to be superior to traditional Fourier methods. Several different methods have been presented to directly assess nonstationary data. These methods cover a wide range, from transforming the data into a stationary signal to full-fledged nonlinear, nonstationary analysis. The method used will depend on the nature of the data available and the nature of the requisite information. Segmentation of the data into stationary pieces gives sound results and is widely used. However, if the process of interest has time-varying parameters, a recursive technique should be used.


She first notices the scar while shaving her legs in the bath (hasn't shaved since the cold weather set in but going to mother-in-Iaw's for dinner and wearing a dress). The scar is a clean line, three inches long, just above her ankle. She looks at it, shaves around it, thinks surely she'd remember cutting herself that badly. But a knock at the door he wants the water while it's still hot so she dries herself and forgets all about the scar.


A family crisis can loom up when a supportive adult is taken into hospital. It affects the elderly and the young especially. Peterborough district has taken steps towards resolving this problem by bringing the hospital to the patient. Pauline Drummond reports on phase II of 'Hospital at Home'.


Conflict in society is something that cannot be separated, where there is a community there is conflict. And conflict will be negative. When one society shakes the synergy of the social system, one of them is fighting or violence. Conflict over land can also lead to violence and fights, because land is one of the most valuable things in people's lives, this can happen anywhere and this condition can happen to the Gritan Hamlet, Tlomar Village, where they are still implementing the tanean lanjheng house structure. The purpose of this study is to find out how to resolve conflicts over residential land on tanean lanjheng. In this study the author uses the theory of social conflict. Conflicts that occur in society do not only show a negative function, but can also have a positive impact. Therefore, conflict can be beneficial for the system concerned, conflict is a form of interaction and its existence should not be denied. The research method used is descriptive qualitative using a case study approach. Informant selection technique using purposive sampling. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documents. Data collection techniques using data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The data validity technique uses source triangulation.


This contribution presents a holistic Art Technological Source Research (A.T.S.R.) approach on painted textile or paper wall-hangings from Southern Sweden, often called "bonader". Recipes, authentic painting equipment, handbooks, other historical and ethnological documents as well as genuine wall hangings from the 18th and 19th centuries are used as sources. The handling of the fragile wall hangings should be minimised. Reconstructions of the containing paint and ground of the wall-hangings i.e. pigments, dyes, fillings and binders have been prepared. The reconstructions should be used as references for confirmatory in situ analyses on further wall-hangings employing non-destructive analytical techniques such as a mobile FT-Raman with a micro-video-probe and a portable FTIR and a multispectral system. An evaluation of the performance of FT-Raman in combination with a FTIR for the analysis of mixture of materials found in this type of object and results from the first phase of the project will be presented.


Edmund Kenneth Kerut, M.D.,∗† Marie Dearstine, R.D.C.S.,‡ Patricia Dottery,‡ and Navin C. Nanda, M.D.§ ∗Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; †Heart Clinic of Louisiana, Marrero, Louisiana; ‡Cardiology Department, Ochsner Medical Center Westbank, Gretna, Louisiana; and §Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama


This article proposes a framework for expanding the traditional presentation of wraparound and FBA to (a) view wraparound and FBA as concepts that are inextricably linked at the core of each level of the proactive systemic process of PBS and (b) understand how wraparound and FBA are critical features of prevention as well as intervention for creating safer schools for all students.


In 1973, J. Moser proposed that his Twist Theorem could be used to show that orbits of the outer billiards map on a sufficiently smooth closed curve were always bounded. Five years later Moser asked the same question for a convex polygon. In 1987 F. Vivaldi and A. Shaidenko showed that all orbits for a regular polygon must be bounded. R. Schwartz recently showed that a quadrilateral known as a Penrose Kite has unbounded orbits and he proposed that 'most' convex polygons support unbounded orbits.
Except for a few special cases, very little is known about the dynamics of the outer billiards map on regular polygons. In this paper we present a unified approach to the analysis of regular polygons - using the canonical 'resonances' which are shared by all regular N-gons. In the case of the regular pentagon and regular octagon these resonances exist on all scales and the fractal structure is well documented, but these are the only non-trivial cases that have been analyzed. We present a partial analysis of the regular heptagon, but the limiting structure is poorly understood and this does not bode well for the remaining regular polygons. The minimal polynomial for the vertices of a regular N-gon has degree Phi(N)/2 where Phi is the Euler totient function, so N = 5, 7 and 11 are respectively quadratic, cubic and quintic. In the words of R. Schwartz, "A case such as N = 11 seems beyond the reach of current technology."
Some of the graphics have embedded high-resolution versions so this file is about 39Mb in size. This file and a smaller version can be downloaded at dynamicsofpolygons.org. Just click on PDFs.
This paper is dedicated to the memory of Eugene Gutkin (1946-2013) who made fundamental contributions to both inner and outer billiards.


Summary Tillers from a clone of short-rotation ryegrass, each with two or three roots, were planted out on three dates, 23 October, 15 November, and 14 December 1956. In half the plants all new roots were cut off as they appeared. The number of flower heads formed decreased with later dates of planting. In the plants whose root systems were restricted to two or three roots, this decrease was associated with an increase in the period between dying back of the flower heads and death of the plant: in the earlier- and more profusely-flowering plants the vegetative tillers died when the flowering tillers died back in the autumn, while in the later-and less profusely-flowering plants, the non-flowering tillers remained alive into the winter or spring. By the time the treated plants had died, the roots had lost most of the cortex and root hairs from all except the finest branches. In the intact plants, sloughing of the cortex did not occur at flowering, but was evident subsequently in some of the older roots. It...


Describes how the opinions about Wilhelm Roscher and his work developed during the century following his death in the USA. Possible reasons for the changes are explored. Special attention is given to the more favourable reception of Roscher in the USA as opposed to the UK. A central point is that his influence and importance in the USA changed as time passed and with the development of professional economics. Suggests new reading of Cunningham's essay. Attention is drawn to some of Roscher's works in English that have been neglected. Some problems of periodization in the history of economic thought are investigated. Several conventional judgements are challenged and possibilities for further research suggested.


Angular distributions have been measured for 0{sup +}{r arrow}1{sup +} transitions with the ({sup 12}C,{sup 12}B) reaction on targets of {sup 12}C, {sup 26}Mg, {sup 54}Fe, {sup 58}Ni, and {sup 90}Zr and with the ({sup 12}C,{sup 12}N) reaction on targets of {sup 12}C and {sup 56}Fe. The bombarding energy was {ital E}/{ital A}=70 MeV, and small-angle data were obtained. A comparison of the cross sections measured for the ({sup 12}C,{sup 12}B) reaction with the results of distorted-wave-approximation calculations indicates that 0{sup +}{r arrow}1{sup +} transitions are predominantly one step at {ital E}/{ital A}=70 MeV. The calculated cross sections are generally in good agreement (to within 40% in magnitude) with the measured cross sections, and the angular distributions are well described quantitatively in many cases. A correlation between cross sections and known Gamow-Teller (GT) strengths {ital B}(GT) for the corresponding transitions has been found. This correlation, which is weakly dependent on the target mass, establishes a calibration for the reactions. It is used to determine {ital B}(GT) values of astrophysical interest for two low-lying 1{sup +} levels in {sup 56}Mn from the cross sections measured for the {sup 56}Fe({sup 12}C,{sup 12}N){sup 56}Mn reaction. The results are compared with two shell-model calculationsmore » performed to obtain {ital B}(GT) for {sup 56}Fe{r arrow}{sup 56}Mn transitions and with another calculation from the literature. Computational tests were performed to evaluate (a) the contribution to the cross sections of terms not present in nucleon-induced charge-exchange reactions and (b) the extent to which the cross sections provide a measure of GT strength.« less


The authors studied the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (10 cmH2O PEEP), abdominal compression, and neck compression on dural venous sinus pressure (VSP) in seated dogs. Abdominal compression increased the central venous pressure (CVP) as well as both the systemic arterial pressure and the cardiac output and thus may offer a useful substitute for an antigravity suit. Except when CVP was greater than 8 mmHg, there was little or no correlation between CVP and VSP. Moreover, each method increased VSP, but this effect was closely related to VSP prior to application of the method (pre-VSP). On comparing the VSP changes in relation to the pre-VSP levels when they were either above or below −1.0 mmHg, significant differences were noted in VSP increases, i.e., −0.4 ± 1.3 (mean ± SEM) and 4.3 ± 1.2 mmHg by PEEP, 1.9 ± 0.3 and 6.4 ± 0.4 mmHg by abdominal compression, and 10.2 ± 1.3 and 1.5 ± 0.5 mmHg by neck compression, respectively. This indicates that PEEP and abdominal compression were more effective in increasing relatively highly negative pre-VSP (< −1.0 mmHg), while neck compression greatly increased pre-VSP when it was at or above a slightly negative pressure (-1.0 mmHg). The authors conclude that a single application of any one of these three methods during sitting-position surgery may not be effective in increasing cerebral dural sinus pressure.


Abstract : Palmitoyl glycerol and myristoyl glycerol are toxic when fed to mice. The symptoms are hypothermia, death, and poor growth by the survivors. The toxicity is greatly exacerbated at low ambient temperatures, and is prevented if the diet is supplemented with small amounts of unsatured fatty acids. Lymph and plasma lipids from mice fed palmitoyl glycerol contain more than 75% saturated fatty acids. The mechanism of the toxicity is not understood, but may involve the alteration of some membrane lipids so that a vital function is impaired.


The most widely praised as the best system of government in our contemporary world is democracy, which allows for high level of peoples participation in decision-making and policy formulation through representatives. A major determinant of democracy is the electoral process that provides the electorate the institutional framework for choosing representatives through a competitive free and fair election. Essentially, elections are the only acceptable institutionalized process enabling some or all of the recognised members of a democratic society to choose office holders. The emphasis of this paper is on the challenges of conducting free and fair elections and its impact on the democratization process in Nigeria. Relying on secondary data on elections in Nigeria, we established that elections have been marred by unprecedented abuse of the electoral process in form of election rigging, ballot snatching, inadequate and late arrival of voting materials at polling centres, vote buying, connivance between the ruling party elites and INEC to manipulate and even declare false elections results and so on. Based on these observed abuses we emphasise representative democracy cannot be consolidated nor triumph where there is negation of democratic principles. The recommendation centres on the urgent need for a special electoral malpractice court for the persecution of offenders; for INEC to become an autonomous and really independent body, and more sensitisation of the general public by civil society organisations through seminars and workshops on voter education and democratic culture Keywords: Challenges, Democracy, Democratization, Elections, Electoral Process, Manipulation


This study aims to investigate the role of Psychological Capital and budget adequacy in mediating the effect of budget participation on managerial performance. The sample used in this study is a Real Estate company registered in REI Makassar, South Sulawesi. Sample selection in this study using purposive sampling method based on certain criteria. The results of the study using path analysis shows that budget participation has a positive effect on psychological capital and budget adequacy, Sobel testing indicates that psychological capital can mediate the effect of budgetary participation on managerial performance, but budget adequacy does not mediate the relationship between budgetary and managerial participation.


The paper deals first with the deterministic analysis of stability and bifurcation of a non-linear model prey-predator system and then with the critical analysis of nonequilibrium fluctuation and stability of the model system under random perturbation including the comparative study of both deterministic and stochastic criteria of stability of the system.


Severe floods and droughts over China possess outstanding orderliness.Based on the information forecast theory developed by Professor Weng Wen-bo,the writer dealt with the commensurability and the structure of its information system inherent in the timeseries of historical floods over the valleys of the Changjiang and Yellow Rivers and large-scale droughts of China.Predictions show that big deluges may occur over the Changjiang valleys around 2007~2008,2013,2020 and in those of the Yellow River in 2004,2014,2027 and severe droughts in the country around 2010,2016 and 2021~2022.


A simple approximate analytical expression for the overlap capacitance between gate- and source-drain of a VLSI MOS device is derived. The expression takes into account finite polysilicon gate thickness, source-drain junction depth and different dielectric constants of silicon and oxide. A numerical procedure is also described to calculate the exact overlap capacitance with fringing, using the solution of Laplace's equation. A comparison is made to check the accuracy of the analytical expression. Good agreement is found. Experimently obtained gate-source capacitance curves are described. Overlap capacitance and fringing component values derived from these curves are also in good agreement to those predicted by the model.


A gridded thermionic cathode electron gun used widely in different types of particle accelerators such as circular, linear and energy recovery configurations was designed and modelled. The gun is based on the Pierce-type configuration. It was initially designed using the Vaughan synthesis following optimisation by a two-dimensional DC electron trajectory solver TRAK. After optimisation, the grid on the cathode was inserted and the RF field was introduced, which was then simulated using the particle-incell (PIC) code MAGIC. High duty cycle operation at frequencies, 1.5 GHz and 3.0 GHz, was investigated while exploring the relationship between the bunch charge and bunch length. The beam dynamics results from the PIC simulations showed that a minimum pulse length of 106 ps could be achieved with a bunch charge of 33 pC when the driving RF frequency was 1.5 GHz. Operating at a higher RF frequency did not significantly reduce the micro-pulse length. A normalised emittance of less than 15 mmmrad for the entire electron pulse was demonstrated in the PIC simulations. INTRODUCTION Radiofrequency (RF) electron guns are basic components of linear particle accelerators (LINACs) which have a variety of applications in scientific research and industry. The development of high-current, low emittance and shortduration electron beam pulses from electron guns has been necessary for the operation of radiation sources such as Free Electron Lasers (FELs) [1-5] and as the electron source in medical LINACS [6]. There are different types of electron guns depending on their emission process from the cathode and their operation. The three main electron sources are thermionic cathodes, photocathodes and field emission cathodes. Thermionic cathodes [7-12] are very robust due to their long lifetimes which can reach up to 100,000 hours, however the energy spread and the long pulses at the exit of the LINAC are not ideal for certain applications. This problem is resolved by photocathodes [13-17] which can achieve high current densities, low emittance, short electron pulses although photocathodes require a high power laser and high vacuum to operate. Lastly, field emission cathodes [18, 19] are able to generate high current densities but are fragile and prone to damage due to vaporisation of the cathode tip. Another differentiation between electron guns is the type of beam modulation used which may be a high voltage modulated diode or a triode gun costing of a modulated anode in combination with an RF grid. In a normal diode electron gun, high voltage is applied between the cathode and the anode to create the electron beam. This type of gun limits the repetition rate as it takes a certain amount of time to switch on and off the high voltage power supply. In the triode electron gun configuration, the beam is modulated with an RF voltage applied to a grid located next to the cathode as well as a DC modulated voltage. Two types of modulation: a long pulse modulation and RF pulse modulation are used in the triode guns. The advantage of RF modulation over DC-like long pulse modulation is that microbunching structure of the beam at the exit of the gun can be achieved, which provides higher capture efficiency of the beam by the subsequent RF linear accelerator. Hence in the triode type electron gun, the current is controlled with a much smaller RF voltage which is capable of a much higher repetition rate. For this paper, an electron gun was designed and modelled using Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations. The electron gun was based on a gridded thermionic cathode with a Pierce type configuration geometry with the specifications of the LINAC, dictating the minimum achievable pulse length to be established. Furthermore, the relationship between the bunch charge and bunch length along with the beam emittance was examined. DESIGN OF THE ELECTRON GUN GEOMETRY The initial electron beam parameters of the LINAC, which the gun is going to be used for are listed in Table 1. The study was to design a thermionic cathode RF gun to meet the required beam parameters, and also to investigate the properties of the electron bunch at the exit of the gun, including the bunch charge, bunch length and emittance. The initial electron gun geometry was generated based on the Vaughan synthesis [20] with 4 input parameters, including the beam voltage, beam current, emitter radius as well as the beam waist as shown in Table 1. The initial geometry was then used as the starting point for further optimisation to get more accurate simulation results and to further improve the electron beam quality, including good laminarity and a small emittance. The beam trajectories of the optimised geometry simulated by TRAK are shown in Fig. 1(a). The acceleration voltage between the cathode and anode was 25 kV and the emitted current was 1.0 A. The radius of the beam waist was ~1.5 mm. This geometry was transferred ___________________________________________ † email@example.com 12th Int. Particle Acc. Conf. IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil JACoW Publishing ISBN: 978-3-95450-214-1 ISSN: 2673-5490 doi:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB385 WEPAB385 C on te nt fr om th is w or k m ay be us ed un de rt he te rm s of th e C C B Y 3. 0 lic en ce (© 20 21 ). A ny di st ri bu tio n of th is w or k m us tm ai nt ai n at tr ib ut io n to th e au th or (s ), tit le of th e w or k, pu bl is he r, an d D O I 3618 MC7: Accelerator Technology T31 Subsystems, Technology and Components, Other to the PIC code MAGIC as shown in Fig. 1(b) and a model was developed that allowed the electron gun to be simulated. When driven by an RF voltage and a bias voltage, an electron bunch was generated. Figure 2 shows the spatial distribution of electrons at different time frames, corresponding to the process of bunch emission from the cathode, bunch acceleration by the electric field and at the exit of the anode. Table 1: Specifications of the LINAC


Wild turkeys Meleagris gallopavo are diurnally active birds that spend the dark hours roosting in trees. We tested the hypothesis that multiple benefits exist for roost tree selection by wild turkeys, including thermoregulation, resource acquisition, and protection from predators. We compared 48 roost trees used by eastern wild turkeys M. g. silvestris in Ontario, Canada to 48 non‐roost trees sampled contemporaneously during 2017–2019 to determine roost site selection between seasons. Mean (± SE) roost tree height (21.4 ± 0.8 m) was taller than non‐roost trees (18.2 ± 0.8 m), and roost trees were also larger in diameter at breast height (58.1 ± 5.5 vs 38.7 ± 3.1 cm). Using ibuttons to collect microclimate temperatures at the tree, we found that mean temperature (± SE) of a deciduous roost (14.5 ± 0.1°C) was higher than temperature at either a coniferous roost (13.9 ± 0.1°C) or ambient temperature (13.2 ± 0.1°C) during the summer months. In winter however, we did not find any relationship between temperature and tree type. Roosts were closer to buildings (150.8 ± 26.0 m) in the winter compared to summer and year‐round roosts, and winter roosts were also farther away from crops (395.2 ± 63.7 m) compared to roost sites used year‐round. Summer roosts were closer to roads (143 ± 36.3 m) than the roosts in the winter and roosts used year‐round. Our data suggest that thermoregulation is not the driving force behind roost selection; instead, predator avoidance appears to play the most important role, with some weaker evidence in support of proximity to resources.


In this briefing paper we explore the earning and caring experiences and trajectories of a cohort of seventeen young fathers. We examine continuities and change in their work and family arrangements, the impacts of these changes on their parenting trajectories and personal relationships, and the extent to which these experiences differ for young fathers who are resident and non-resident. The balance of earning and caring has always been negotiated and shared by parents to varying degrees (Neale and Davies, 2015), but never more rapidly than under the renewed socio-economic conditions created by the COVID-19 pandemic and national lockdown. As a secondary effect of the lockdown as a major public health intervention, the pandemic has had significant gendered effects, forcing widespread change and renegotiations in the employment and caring circumstances of both men and women.


HE STUDENT of post-Renaissance literature is unhappy with "romanticism." He doesn't like the word, and the complex of facts and forces which it inadequately labels disrupts the order and tranquillity of his work. But in the twentieth century both the attackers and the defenders of "romanticism" have insisted with increasing vigor that some meaningful definition of the term be established. The purpose of this essay is to suggest such a definition by localizing "the problem of romanticism" in a comparison of two poems, Wordsworth's "The Solitary Reaper" and Leopardi's "II passero solitario."l If we accept the premise that comparative analysis is a useful means for defining complex literary movements, we should have no difficulty in admitting the applicability of these two poems to the specific problem with which this paper is concerned. Superficially similar, both poems would surely be labelled "romantic" by any reasonable critic. Moreover, comparative analysis seeks unconscious parallels and inadvertent similarities, not influences; and, although the life spans of Wordsworth and Leopardi overlapped, neither poet was aware of the other's work. Coincidences of manner, theme, and technique can be ascribed, therefore, only to the two poets' participation in a common style, particularly since the personal, intellectual, social, political, and geographical backgrounds of Wordsworth and Leopardi were totally different.