Spatio-temporal modeling estimates a species distribution function that represents variation in population density over space and time. Recent studies show that the approach may precisely identify spatial hotspots in species distribution, but have not addressed whether seasonal hotspots are identifiable using commonly available fishery data. In this study, we analyzed the seasonal spatio-temporal distribution of pelagic sharks in the western and central North Pacific using fishery catch rates and a generalized linear mixed model with spatio-temporal effects. Different spatial distribution patterns were observed between two shark species. The hotspots of shortfin mako (SFM) appeared in the vicinity of the coastal and offshore waters of Japan and the Kuroshio-Oyashio transition zone (TZ), whereas the hotspots of blue shark (BSH) were widely distributed in the areas from the TZ to the waters of the Emperor Seamount Chain. Shortfin mako distribution changes seasonally with clear north-south movement, which follows higher sea surface temperatures (SST). However, preferred spring and summer water temperature was still colder than those in fall and winter, but not as cold as for BSH, which did not show seasonal north-south movement. BSH exhibits seasonal east-west movement apparently unrelated to temperature. The spatial fishing effort by season generally follows the seasonal movement of temperature possibly making SFM more vulnerable to the fishery than BSH. These findings could be used to reduce the capture risk of bycatch sharks and to better manage the spatial distribution of fishing for targeted sharks.


This bachelor thesis is focused on the analysis of the construction of financial standing models and evaluation of their applicability and accuracy. Subsequently some models are chosen to evaluate concrete enterprises and differences in results are discussed. The work describes domestic financial standing models (System of Balance Analyses, Grunwald's Index, Model KAMF) and foreign models (Kralicek's Quicktest, Tamari's Index, Index of Financial Standing) in theory. After that, two models evaluate the enterprises - Kralicek's Quicktest and Balance Analysis II.


Distribution power electronic transformers are introduced to improve the power quality issues as well as to reduce the size and the cost of the transformers once technological progress made it possible. In this paper first, some existing configurations are overviewed. Then a new circuit topology is introduced for input and output stages of a power electronic transformer. This circuit comprises three-phase input matrix converter, three-phase four-wire output matrix converter and the high frequency transformer. Control scheme of input and output link is analyzed and simulation result of the system is presented. Reduced size, lower price, higher efficiency and better voltage regulation are some of the advantages of this approach.


Password file disclosure has attracted a lot of attention recently. Once password files are stolen, attackers can quickly crack large numbers of passwords. In this paper, we propose Phoney, a system which employs a threshold cryptosystem to encrypt the password hashes in the password file and honeywords to confuse attackers. With the help of Phoney, attackers cannot get any password information easily even they steal the password files. All the password hashes are encrypted by our threshold cryptosystem. Even they are able to compromise the cryptosystem, attackers cannot identify the real password easily because of the false passwords (honeywords) deliberately added for each account to confuse the adversaries. In addition, attempts of submitting a honeyword will cause alarms to be set off. Experiments show that the time and storage cost of Phoney are acceptable, but the cracking search space is increased significantly.


We slightly extend a previous result concerning the injectivity of a map of moduli spaces and we use this result to construct curves whose Brill-Noether loci have unexpected dimension.


T-joint of 4mm-thick CLAM steel was welded by 4 kW Nd:YAG laser welding equipment with different incident angles.Forming,distribution of residual stress and hardness are observed and analyzed.The result show that there is significant lack of fusion in the joint when the incidence angle is 14° and the joint fully fuses when the angle is 12°or 10° with the decreasing of incidence angle.The residual stress of the joint surface is compressive stress,the stress of flange is larger that of web when the angle is 12°.But the stress of web is larger when the angle is 10°.Inner stress largely changes in the section of the weld joint,compared with base metal,the hardness of weld zone has significantly increased and HAZ is not softened.


During an interview with a colleague, I asked her if she cut playtime when fieldtrips or holidays came up during the week. She replied, "I think that before when I first started teaching I definitely would have cut playtime first; now the more I teach them


Nowcasting based on weather radar uses the current and past observations to make estimations of future radar echoes. There are many types of operationally deployed nowcasting systems, but none of them are currently based on deep learning, despite it being an active area of research in the last few years. This paper explores deep learning models as alternatives to current methods by proposing different architectures and comparing them against some operational nowcasting systems. The methods proposed here, harnessing residual convolutional encoder-decoder architectures, reach a level of performance expected of current systems and in certain scenarios can even outperform them. Finally, some of the potential drawbacks of using deep learning are analyzed. No decay in the performance on a different geographical area from where the models were trained was found. No edge or checkerboard artifact, common in convolutional operations, was found that affects the nowcasting metrics.


A 13-month-old African-American girl presented with a history of constipation and increased abdominal distention for 1 week. Her mother gave her some castor oil and an enema that resulted in one wa...


Dear Editor, We read with interest the article by Mohammed et al. regarding spontaneous knot formation in the peritoneal catheter of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. In our institution, we had two similar cases of spontaneous knot formation of the peritoneal catheter in patients with VP shunts for hydrocephalus. Both were in young children who despite their age had previously required multiple shunt revisions. Both children presented with infected shunts plus showed signs of obstruction with enlarged ventricles on computer tomography (CT). Our first case was an 18-month-old girl who developed an abdominal collection around the peritoneal catheter which grew pseudomonas aeruginosa. The second was an 11-month-old girl with Dandy– Walker syndrome and a cysto-peritoneal shunt which became infected. Both cases had the shunt systems removed due to infection and temporarily treated with external ventricular drains until the shunt systems could be re-established after the infections were eliminated. The 18-month-old girl's peritoneal catheter on removal was found to have knotted itself. The 11month-old child's peritoneal catheter had also knotted itself and incorporated a piece of omentum within the knot. Spontaneous knot formation is a very rare cause of shunt dysfunction and a search of the literature shows only four other reported cases, not including Mohammed et al. A report by Toshifumi et al. described a patient with a knot in the peritoneal catheter involving the small bowel leading to small bowel obstruction. The three other cases were of knots in the peritoneal catheter not involving intra-abdominal structures, in an infant, a pregnant lady and a three and a half year old. The exact mechanism for spontaneous knot formation is unknown. Chopra et al. proposed crowding of abdominal space during pregnancy as a possible mechanism for knotting of the distal catheter. Peristalsis of the bowel has also been put forward as a provocative factor inducing knot formation. However, this would suggest that the longer a shunt was in situ the more likely this would occur and of the now five cases three were in young children and only one in an elderly adult. Is there an ideal length that would either prevent or promote knot formation? Eftekhar et al. suggest that if the catheter is either too short or too long then knot formation is much less likely to occur. Could the potential for knot formation occur at the time of insertion as this is often performed relatively blind? We feel this is unlikely as it would probably lead to a higher incidence. It may be that patients undergoing multiple abdominal operations are at a slightly higher risk of spontaneous knot formation due to adhesions creating a compartmentalisation effect. This may cause the peritoneal catheter to coil on itself and knot due to lack of space. Spontaneous knot formation is so rare that it is our view that it probably happens entirely by chance and there is unlikely to be any way of preventing it occurring. It may happen more often at a sub-clinical level and unknot spontaneously. When removing a shunt from the cranial end it is possible that this tightens a potential knot that would not have occurred if left in situ.


This research was aimed to know the level of diagnosability Whiteside Test and the IPB-1 Test compared to California Mastitis Test to mastitis at livestock of dairy cattle in Surabaya. As much 141 samples of milk quarter from 36 cows was taken away from seven location of dairy cattle in Surabaya, and it was tested by using California Mastitis Test, Whiteside Test and the IPB-1 Test. Data was obtained from examination by using California Mastitis Test and the IPB-1 Test that is negative (-), positive 1 (+1), positive 2 (+2) and positive 3 (+3) while examination by using Whiteside Test showed negative (-), positive (+). The data was analyzed with the calculation of sensitivity, specification and predictive value from each test and here in after known the diagnosability from each test. Result of research showed that the sensitivity the IPB-1 Test is better than California Mastitis Test so also the sensitivity of Whiteside Test. The specification and predictive value of California Mastitis Test is better compared to Whiteside Test and the IPB-1 Test. The diagnosability of California Mastitis Test is different compared to Whiteside Test and the IPB-1 Test, California Mastitis Test is the best.


Objective To study the genetic variation of 11 strains of Paragonimus from 9 districts of 3 provinces in China and provide genetic evidence for the classification of Paragonimus.Methods Paragonimus isolates were obtained from seven areas in China.Total genomic DNA was used as template and amplified by inter-simple sequence repeat PCR(ISSR-PCR) technique.The genetic distances among these isolates were measured according to the amplified products and the corresponding dendrogram was constructed.Results The distance between the 4 isolates of Hubei-Wenquan,Jiangxi-Wuning,Zhejiang-Lanting and Hubei-Chibi and the other 7 isolates(Hubei-Shiyan,Hubei-Wufeng,Hubei-Wuli,Hubei-Zouma,Hubei-Hongping) was significant;the genetic distance between Hubei-Wenquan isolate and Hubei-Chibi iaolate was 0.181 8.The distances among Hubei-Wufeng(a) isolate,Hubei-Wufeng(b) isolate and Hubei-Zouma(b) isolate ranged from 0.125 to 0.18.The distances between Hubei-Zouma(a) and Hubei-Wuli,and Hubei-Hongping and Hubei-Shiyan were 0.153 9 and 0.156 6 respectively.Conclusion 11 strains of Paragonimus involved in this article can be divided into two groups based on genetic level:1) the isolates from Jiangxi-Wuning,Zhejiang-Lanting,Hubei-Wenquan and Hubei-Chibi,were in the group of Paragonimus westermani;2) the isolates from Hubei-Wufeng(a),Hubei-Wufeng(b),Hubei-Zouma(b),Hubei-Zouma(a),Hubei-Wuli,Hubei-Hongping and Hubei-Shiyan,were in the group of Pagumogonimus skrjabini.There were two species of Paragonimus westermani and P.skrjabini in Hubei Province.Study with different stages of samples and different preservative methods of Paragonimus showed no effect on the amplification result.


Light-emitting diode (LED)-based communications, such as visible light communications and infrared communications, are candidate techniques to provide short-range and high-speed data transmission. In this letter,  $M$ -ary pulse amplitude modulation (M-PAM), used as a high bandwidth efficiency scheme, is compared with three well-known optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) schemes. Considering the bandwidth limit and constrained peak transmitted power characteristics of LEDs, a bit loading algorithm and a single-tap equalizer with an optimized modulation index are used for the optical OFDM schemes tested. To reduce the inter-symbol interference caused by the bandlimited channel, an optimized pulse shape and a minimum mean squared error equalizer are applied to the M-PAM system. From numerical results, M-PAM can provide a substantially higher data rate than OFDM for bandlimited channels. When the channel bandwidth is ample compared with the symbol rate, optical OFDM outperforms M-PAM.


Based on the recent study results,three kinds of anti-skid surfaces of HMA and the design method and technical criteria of mixture are adopted according to the features of test road.Then the changes of volumetric parameters under the condition of different gradations and asphalt contents of HMA and the performances of rut and water damage resistance of those anti-skid surfaces of HMA are compared and analyzed in detail.The test results indicate that the least variation of volumetric parameters with various gradations and asphalts contents is AC-13K and its performances improved to some degree extent.Finally the test road is paved using three kinds of anti-skid surface in the Luo-chang expressway.The study results provide reliable foundations to choose reasonable anti-skid surface.


Objective:To observe the effect of food impaction' treatment by occlusal adjustment with referenced the occlusal distribution of main functional zones. Method:all of 57 patients,who claimed food impaction in molar area without caries and periodontosis,were examined and analysis their food impaction areas with imprint bite material. With referenced the occlusal distribution of the main functional zones of usual people,we adjusted their occlusal contact zones to treat food impaction. After 2,4,6,8 week,all patients were examined in clinical. Result:90 % patients claimed their clinical symptoms disappeared;all patients declared their discomfort disappeared after 8 week. Conclusion:when we encounter the food impaction's patients,we could adjust their occlusal contact with referenced the main functional zones.


The Horn of Africa (HoA) needs to use its limited water sources more wisely. The drylands of the HoA are typically water-stressed areas: characterised by low and variable rainfall, high ambient temperatures and evaporation rates, and surface water resources that are highly seasonal. Substantial groundwater resources lie beneath the drylands, although they are often of poor quality and vary considerably in depth. These resources are also to a large extent finite—ancient water sources that are not being replenished. Some dryland areas benefit from perennial rivers passing through them from moister highlands, but these rivers are increasingly diminished through poorly regulated upstream abstractions, often linked to irrigation schemes. Upstream groundwater resources are also being rapidly depleted.


Inverter driven electrical machines need resolver for position estimation and efficient electronic commutations. In this paper, the resolver signals are also used for the purpose of mechanical fault diagnosis. Therefore, a comprehensive procedure based on winding function (WF) method is presented to propose a noninvasive index to identify the mechanical fault's type (static/dynamic eccentricity) and even its percentage. In this regard, once the resolver signals are measured and saved in health condition. Then, during the operation of the motor, calculating the proposed index using the healthy and faulty signals leads to predict the fault type and its percentage. The success of the proposed index is verified using transient finite element analysis and experimental measurements on the prototype resolver.


S>A review is given on various methods for the treatment of low-level aqueous radioactive wastes, and the waste disposal system at Latina, Italy, is described. The plant is designed to treat fuel element cooling pond water together with other low-active streams arising on the site, producing clean water that can be used again on the site, decontaminated water that can be safely discharged to the environment, and drums of sludge and concentrate which will be stored indefinitely under safe conditions. An effluent plant is included to ensure that no hazard will be caused to the surrounding population or to the local amenities by discharge of wastes in liquid form during the life of the power station. A design of the plant is given. (P.C.H.)


Abstract : Timer rinse control systems were installed on eight rinse tanks at the San Antonio Air Logistics Center (SA-ALC) electroplating shop to evaluate their use for reducing water consumption at military metal finishing facilities. The controllers achieved 71 percent reduction in water consumption for the eight tanks tested. The economics of applying the controllers, installed cost approximately $1000 per unit, is site-specific and dependent upon factors such as initial water use rates. Although SA-ALC does not use enough water to justify a complete change over to the new system, most military metal-finishing facilities would benefit from the system. Included in this report is a predictive model for system application. Keywords: Rinse control; electroplating waste; industrial waste; electroplating; electroplating rinse tanks.


Using a CCD detector in the Kitt Peak coude spectrograph, a search was made for secondary lines in the visual spectral region of single-lined binaries. The lines were found in one-quarter of the 23 B2-B5 dwarfs and 6 percent of the 32 F3-G2 dwarfs. In the cases of failures, there are no contradictions between the earliest possible secondary spectral types and the latest types allowed by the orbital mass functions.


AIM
To develop and test interrater reliability of an evidence-based fall risk assessment tool for nurses and to investigate how nurses perceived the clarity and usability of the tool.

METHODS
In phase 1, an evidence-based fall risk assessment tool was developed based on a literature review and expert discussion. The finalized tool assessed 11 risk factors and comprised 23 items. In phase 2, reliability testing was done. Two nurses out of a possible 125 participating nurses independently assessed each participating patient on admission with the assessment tool. The nurses then provided feedback on the clarity and usability of the tool. The interrater reliability was estimated by the percentage agreement, Cohen's kappa, and prevalence- and bias-adjusted kappa.

RESULTS
Of the 164 patients who were recruited, 114 patients participated. After adjustment for prevalence and bias, only "frequent urination" and "night-time toileting" showed a less-than-substantial interrater agreement. Assessment of the items "cognitive impairment" and "night-time toileting" were most frequently reported to be problematic.

CONCLUSION
The evidence-based fall risk assessment tool requires further modification and re-examination of interrater reliability is warranted. In particular, the cognitive impairment items need to be reconsidered in order to enable nurses to better assess patient cognition on the admission day.


This article suggests a framework by which to organize information and evaluate policy alternatives. In this framework, equity, efficiency, effectiveness, and political feasibility are criteria for choosing policy alternatives. In addition, the framework includes strategies—the policy formulation and the compliance structure—for achieving these values. Among the three major types of school desegregation policy alternatives implemented since Brown v. Board of Education —freedom of choice, mandatory reassignment, and magnet—voluntary—the magnet-voluntary alternative appears to achieve the greatest equity, efficiency, and effectiveness because it relies primarily on market-like incentives and an incremental decision-making approach.


Sources of Meaning in the West is the account of an attempt to get to
the bottom of two patterns of meaning-giving that have set their stamp
on Western life: the warrior ethos and Christianity.
An unavoidable problem serves as the guiding principle in the
investigation. In order to give meaning to our lives, we need others to
convince us of the existence of a world worthy of dedication –
something they can only do when they have faith in tradition. But
tradition also charges life with promises it cannot fulfil. Patterns of
meaning-giving are compared as answers to this problem.
The warrior ethos is characterized by a rejection of dependence on
tradition, by a desire for something completely different, and an
unreasonable belief in the power of passion or reason. The Christian
faith, too, promises something more certain than tradition has to offer,
but at the same time it considers man, as formed by tradition, to be
worthy of salvation. As long as we embrace the warrior ethos, the
author maintains, we will not be able to grasp the pattern of Christian
meaning-giving, or to judge it according to its merits. The journey of
exploration, in the course of which we meet many thinkers, wellknown
and less well-known (e.g. Maurice Blondel), opens new
perspectives for philosophical apologetics.
Sources of Meaning in the West offers a surprising and confronting
culture criticism, that helps us to recognize typically Western reflexes
in our thinking and our lives. Why are we so prone to think that other
things are more important than realising a life that encourages people to
have faith in what they can achieve and be as human beings?


Donor acceptor π–π stacking and hydrogen bond mediated self-assembly of two synthetic naphthalene bisimides containing L-amino acids are illustrated. The solution studies exhibit a blue shift in UV/vis spectrum with increasing concentration for both phenylalanine and tyrosine-appended naphthalene bisimides. The single crystal X-ray reveals that both the Phe and Tyr side chains are in the trans position in the reported naphthalene bisimides 1 and 2. In higher order packing, the bisimide 2 molecules self-assemble through intermolecular hydrogen bonds between side chain Tyr –OH and ester –CO, and donor acceptor π–π stacking interactions between the electron deficient central naphthalene moiety and side chain tyrosine ring to generate a staircase architecture. Atomic force microscopy revealed microsphere morphology with diameters of 200–300 nm for bisimides 1 and 2. The microspheres have significant green emission upon excitation at 400 nm. Moreover these two naphthalene bisimides can be used as turn on fluoride sensor in aqueous medium.


Let $\mathbf{G}$ be a connected reductive algebraic group over an algebraic closure $\overline{\mathbb{F}_{p}}$ of the finite field of prime order $p$ and let $F:\mathbf{G}\rightarrow \mathbf{G}$ be a Frobenius endomorphism with $G=\mathbf{G}^{F}$ the corresponding $\mathbb{F}_{q}$ -rational structure. One of the strongest links we have between the representation theory of $G$ and the geometry of the unipotent conjugacy classes of $\mathbf{G}$ is a formula, due to Lusztig (Adv. Math. 94(2) (1992), 139–179), which decomposes Kawanaka's Generalized Gelfand–Graev Representations (GGGRs) in terms of characteristic functions of intersection cohomology complexes defined on the closure of a unipotent class. Unfortunately, the formula given in Lusztig (Adv. Math. 94(2) (1992), 139–179) is only valid under the assumption that $p$ is large enough. In this article, we show that Lusztig's formula for GGGRs holds under the much milder assumption that $p$ is an acceptable prime for $\mathbf{G}$ ( $p$ very good is sufficient but not necessary). As an application we show that every irreducible character of $G$ , respectively, character sheaf of $\mathbf{G}$ , has a unique wave front set, respectively, unipotent support, whenever $p$ is good for $\mathbf{G}$ .


We have devised a novel experiential approach to teaching students about the social impact of computers and the ethical, legal, and social responsibilities of computing professionals. Rather than teaching these topics in a traditional classroom manner, we teach them in a text-based online virtual educational environment. At the same time we use the environment's object-oriented design to instruct the students in object-oriented concepts, and to introduce them to software engineering by having them work in groups. The approach is proving extremely successful.


Analyzing the sewage quality from circulating cooling water system of petrochemical enterprise and its characteristics; introducing the methods and experience of sewage administration in Guangzhou Petrochemical Branch; explaining the necessity and social benefits of sewage administration of circulating cooling water system.


This study aims to test the capital market reaction to the events of Bali II, JW Marriotts and Ritz Carlton bombing. Tests performed to see whether there are abnormal returns obtained by investors in each blasting event Bom Bali II and Marriotts and Ritz Carlton. The second objective was to examine differences in abnormal returns before and after bomb events. The third objective is to test whether there are differences in the volume of trading activity in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) before and after the bomb blast incident. This study uses event study to test hypotheses one, two and three. Observation period was five days before and five days after the event. The sample used is Banks in the Banking Industry which go public on the Stock Exchange. Period estimate used to obtain the market model is 40 days before the period of observation. The results of this study indicate that the two bombing incidents were not triggered the abnormal return due to abnormal return in the observation period was not significant. Both events also not give effect to investors' shares of the banking industry because there was no difference in abnormal returns before and after the events of the two bombing. The results also show that the two bombing incident does not affect the activity of stock trading volume of the Banking Industry as there is no difference in the average volume of trading activity before and after the events of the bombings.


practical aim, all examples of which are forged by the author, whereas Aristotle's Rhetoric serves a philosophical project by proposing precepts based on quotations from authors (orators, poets, historians etc.). The third part, 'La preuve' (three articles), deals with the doctrine of πίστεις and in particular the 'sign' (σημεῖον). Here the reader can not only refine his perception and understanding of a shifting lexical field, but also become familiar with the techniques of persuasion and manipulation as exhibited by classical rhetoricians. The fourth part, 'Le style' (four articles), brings together studies devoted to simplicity, oxymoron, kôla and 'figurative discourse'. Here again the study of the doctrines is based on a precise analysis of the terminology used and the values conveyed, which is not without surprises. Thus it appears that the oxymoron, whose well-known use dates back to Homer, was not really considered as a figure by the ancients, while the logos eskhematismenos proves to be a skilful means of conducting polemics by various roundabout means in a world where freedom of expression has disappeared and where one must behave with prudence (that is to say, in fact, by taking care of one's own safety), respect propriety and decorum, or show elegance. The fifth part, 'Frontières de la rhétorique' (two articles), considers rhetoric to its limits, firstly with an analysis of the 'untranslatable' notion of ἐπιείκεια, which opens up interactions with anthropology, law and ethics, and secondly with a study of the occurrences of silence in rhetoric (collective silence in the assembly, aposiopesis, the pause in the verbal sequence, the omission and the process of showing something, for example the nakedness of Phryne, instead of arguing, as well as preterition and reticence), which shows the model of a politician in antiquity far removed from our reality, as one who must be reserved, respectful of others, the enemy of all violence, in short: dignified. The book, which required a great deal of re-editing and harmonisation, is characterised by its elegant presentation and easy handling. Guérin and Woerther really had a fruitful idea in bringing together this coherent and significant sample of C.'s research and thought. The texts chosen, which are recommended for their concern for clarity and for their cultural and even political dimension, are indeed to be considered as 'classics' for those interested both in the history of rhetoric and in Greco-Latin philology.


Background : Isolated amnesia without dementia results from various etiologies. When caused by degenerative etiol ogy, it is recognized as a subtype of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and was termed progressive isolated amnesia or primary progressive amnesia (PPAm). Patients with PPAm have rarely been reported. We describe neuropsychogical and neu roimaging findings in 3 patients with PPAm. Methods : Patient 1 (M/74) showed progressive amnesia for 8 years and then developed probable AD. Patient 2 (M/76) and 3 (F/69) showed severe progressive amnesia without dementia for 9 years. Neuropsycholgical evaluations were conducted 3 times in each patient at 1 to 4 year interval. Hippocampal vol ume was measured by a manual tracing in 1.6 mm thick coronal MRI slices which was obtained perpendicular to the long axis of the hippocampus. R e s u l t s : Neuropsychological tests revealed verbal and nonverbal memory loss with preservation of attention, language, praxis, visuospatial and frontal-executive functions. Right and left hippocampal vol umes for patient 1, 2 and 3 were 1580.46/1586.38, 682.96/609 and 1152.84/1272.50 mm 3 respectively, a result indica tive of severe hippocampal atrophy. Conclusions : Neuropsychological profiles and clinical course of our patients fur ther support the view that PPAm results from degenerative etiology. Severe atrophy of the hippocampus with relative preservation of other association cortices suggest that PPAm may be another focal cortical atrophy syndrome involving medial temporal region. J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(6):592~597, 2001


Objectives  To determine whether pharmacy‐based cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening reached the desired population, the local population's awareness of pharmacy screening and the views of service users and the general public about CVD screening.


Modular construction uses prefabricated building components called modules, which are fabricated in a factory, transported to a site, and then assembled together to create a building. A "module" is one of the building blocks used to construct a modular building and may be comprised of a load bearing structure, MEP components, interior finishes, and exterior cladding. This alternate way of building using prefabricated units leads to advantages such as: faster construction, cost savings, and sustainability benefits. Historically, modular construction has predominantly been used in the development of low rise, temporary, or portable buildings. However, recently this prefabricated building technology has spread into multi-story applications and a wider range of building types such as hospitals, residential complexes, and schools. As more high-rise buildings are being built using modular construction, new structural challenges must be addressed. Lateral and gravity loads increase with height and the design of building connections and their lateral force resisting systems becomes ever more critical. Although several case studies describing modular buildings are publicly available, there is a lack of detailed scientific data explaining their structural performance. This thesis attempts to shorten the knowledge gap by investigating the effect interconnections have on the behavior of a modular building. In this study modular interconnections are defined as the connections within modular buildings which link discrete modules together allowing them to act as a single structure. Modular interconnections are a keen area of interest as their design affects the global behavior of a modular building. To understand the effect different interconnections have on the stability of a modular building, a study is conducted where several building prototypes with various interconnections are modelled and analyzed.


Recently the problem between insufifcient domestic demand and effective fiscal policy has been widely discussed in the view of economic transformation.And another important problem—dual economy—is ignored.In this paper dual theoretical means would be discussed.Firstly,effective fiscal policy should give consideration to short term and long term,coordinate total and structure,change with system.Secondly,Fiscal policy should affect a direction in dual economy transformation and reform.It should remove obstacle of forming new consume and investment in the city.Finally,in the rural area,the way for urbanization should be developed.


The concept of 'strategic dependence' is proposed here as vital for analysis, description and, to some extent, explanation of Mexican-American relations, between the years 1979 and 2000. The main thesis of the paper is that we are not facing an energy crisis, but rather a crisis of the entire post-war order, based on the dynamics of what contemporary social science has called monopoly capitalism. Thus, within this crisis, the obvious dependence of the United States in relation to raw materials, and specifically Third World oil, serves as a catalytic agent in the restructuring of the global economic and diplo-military alliance system.


The N-buffer layer location of an N-LIGBT was adjusted, and the device characteristics were analyzed. The parameters of the device equivalent circuit were extracted to find the reason of the device improvement. Different parameter extraction methods were compared, it was found that the equipotential line method is the most accurate one.


Development of a 200 kW CW sheet beam klystron for the Office of Naval Research. Specifications, beam stability, and cathode bell jar testing are discussed.


Constructing meaningful tables is important for any journal publication. This short tutorial is specific to the journal Progress in Transplantation that uses the AMA Manual of Style; however, the information may be useful for any presentation, internal report, or journal publication. The information is not meant to be comprehensive but to give pointers for authors to consider when developing tables to include in a manuscript. How often have we seen large comprehensive data crushed into a single table? The question from an editor or reader becomes: Is all the information pertinent to the manuscript submitted? Burying the important information within a large multirow, multi-column table often detracts from the major findings of the study. The tendency to overwhelm the reader with an excessive amount of data that does not pertain to the study's purpose is tempting. It is often easier to include all data collected than to decide what variables are key to show that the study's questions were answered. Tables are planned to match the manuscript.


The vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) consists of finding least-cost vehicle routes to service given customers exactly once each while satisfying the vehicle capacity and customer time windows. The VRPTW has been widely studied. We present here a short survey on the successful exact methods for solving it. These are branch-cut-and-price algorithms, except the most efficient one which solves, by a mixed-integer programming solver, a reduced set partitioning model obtained by performing variable elimination based on reduced cost. This method was able to solve all well-known Solomon's benchmark instances except one, outperforming all the other algorithms previously published.

Keywords:

vehicle routing;
time windows;
column generation;
branch-cut-and-price;
variable elimination by reduced cost


The Boxer Movement promoted the popularity and heritage of Chinese martial arts,it also greatly improved the cultural exchanges during its struggle against the imperialist aggression.The failure of the Boxer movement offered the chances to expand Chinese martial arts exchanges with the west,to accelerate the martial arts 's type shift to a sports game,promoted the development of competitive martial arts,as well as the changes in its function and value.The Boxer movement was an essential watershed in the history of Chinese martial arts.


Green synthesis of gold, copper, and silver metal nanoparticles is currently growing research due to different medical applications. Necessary natural human health-protecting components can be derived using nanobiotechnology using plant extracts in biodiversity enriched countries. Silver nanoparticles have shown various biological applications such as antimicrobial, anticancer, and antidiabetic activities. Hence, this work studied the yield and antioxidant activity of silver nanoparticles derived from various solvent extracts of Simarouba glauca leaflike methanol, ethanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water. The derived silver nanoparticles of various extracts were characterized by absorption and vibrational spectra. Out of the five extracts, high yield silver nanoparticles surface morphology was inspected by scanning electron microscope. Also, the prepared silver nanoparticle's antioxidant activity was examined using the 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid assay protocol, and the results were compared for future work. From the results, this work observed that the silver nanoparticles of ethanol crude exposed 72% yield and 39% yield obtained from chloroform extract. The silver nanoparticles of methanol crude showed good antioxidant activity (IC50 = 16.59μg/ml) when compared to the other extract nanoparticles due to the phytochemicals concentration difference.


In the present neoliberal conjuncture however, a somewhat different alignment of social, political, and cultural forces has come to occupy the movement space across the countries of the MENA region. Similar developments may also be observed in other world regions as well. This is best described as the phenomenon of "elite revolts," or social movements comprised primarily of individuals and groups who presently do command access to (some form of) resources and power, and whose demands and claims are consequently framed not in terms of inclusion, redistribution, and recognition, but their opposite: either exclusion and/or status maintenance. Examples include ethno-majoritarian movements involving the mobilization of majority communities that already enjoy social, economic and political privilege; the proliferation of "middle class activism" among white-collar professionals; movements that support the state, the military, the religious clergy, and other establishment forces;


Air-borne substances carcinogenic to the bronchi are not necessarily carcinogenic to the larynx simply because they have to pass the larynx before they can reach the bronchi. None of the industrial causes of lung cancer are known to be causes of laryngeal cancer, and it would not be surprising if the carcinogenic effect of smoking was also restricted to the mucosa below the bifurcation of the trachea. That this should be so may even be inferred from the sharp contrast in the trends of the death rates from bronchial and laryngeal cancers. For the mortality from laryngeal cancer has remained practically constant in Britain over the last forty years, while the mortality from bronchial cancer and the consumption of cigarettes have both rapidly increased. It is therefore difficult to interpret the observation, now made by five groups of investigators, that cancer of the larynx and the smoking of tobacco are closely associated.6 E. L. Wynder, I. J. Bross, and E. Day' found that the smoking habits of men with laryngeal cancer were similar to those of' men with lung cancer in all important respects save one. Non-smokers were found in one out of 209 men with laryngeal cancer (0.5%), in one out of 132 men with lung cancer (0.8%), and in 22 out of 209 men with other diseases (10.5%), who had been selected to be of the same age and social background as the men with laryngeal cancer. The proportions of men smoking 35 or more cigarettes a day were respectively 28%, 25%, and 11%. The difference between the two types of cancer lay in the method of smoking; for, while 94% of the smokers in the lung-cancer group smoked cigarettes, the proportions in the laryngeal and control groups were significantly lower (86% and 82%).


Abstract Black female student-athletes are often compared to Black men or White women; however, they stand at the intersection of multiple identities and encounter challenges related to being Black, female, and student-athletes (Howard-Hamilton, 2001). This is an in-depth case study of one Division I women's basketball team at a predominantly White university on the west coast. Nine phenomenological interviews with Black female student-athletes, their coaches, and select athletics administrators were conducted. The main themes identified were a concern over the lack of campus diversity, wanting more coaches and staff of color, changing racial dynamics, feelings of isolation, and wanting support for their non-athlete identities. Implications for policy and practice are suggested from the participants' own perspectives.


Although more than ten thousand coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are produced during each solar cycle at the Sun, only a small fraction hits the Earth. Only a small fraction of the Earth-directed CMEs ultimately arrive at Earth depending on their interaction with the solar wind and other large-scale structures such as coronal holes and CMEs. The interplanetary propagation is essentially controlled by the drag force because the propelling force and the solar gravity are significant only near the Sun. Combined remote-sensing and in situ observations have helped us estimate the influence of the solar wind on the propagation of CMEs. However, these measurements have severe limitations because the remote-sensed and in-situ observations correspond to different portions of the CME. Attempts to overcome this problem are made in two ways: the first is to model the CME and get the space speed of the CME, which can be compared with the in situ speed. The second method is to use stereoscopic observation so that the remote-sensed and in-situ observations make measurements on the Earth-arriving part of CMEs. The Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) mission observed several such CMEs, which helped understand the interplanetary evolution of these CMEs and to test earlier model results. This paper discusses some of these issues and updates the CME/shock travel time estimates for a number of CMEs.


Abstract A simple proof is given that if X is a normed vector lattice, 1 ≼ p ≼ ∞, and the norm in X is p-additive, then the norm is p-superadditive if p < ∞. If p = ∞, then X satisfies Kakutani's classical M-space condition. The proof uses duality but is otherwise elementary.


Conditional Cash Transfers and Social Development in Rural Brazil: Social Movements and Structural Change in the State of Sao Paulo Submitted by: Ryan Nehring Recent policy initiatives in Brazil have been highlighted as a solution to overcoming high levels of inequality in the country and promoting inclusive development. The evidence has been apparent in the rapid reduction in poverty levels and growing middle-class. In the rural context, Brazil is initiating an ambitious food security framework complimentary to the attack on poverty, at the same time, supporting industrial agriculture for export. Historically, it is from this dual approach that social movements have arisen out of the need for agrarian reform. This thesis explores the role of rural social movements in transforming the agrarian structure in Brazil. Utilizing the state of Sao Paulo as a case study, the argument articulates the importance of social movements in undertaking agrarian reform and promoting pro-poor social policies. Field research was carried out in order to illustrate this dynamic as well as hear from the rural poor and policy-makers alike. Submitted: August 10 ,2011


The recombinant bioluminescent Escherichia coli strains, DPD2511 and TV1061 containing the katG and grpE promoters, respectively, from Vibrio fischeri fused to luxCDABE, were used to detect the adaptive and repair responses to oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and protein damage due to phenol. The response ratio, represented as the bioluminescence induced in subsequent inductions of DPD2511 and TV1061 with the mother cells previously induced by each chemical, i.e., H 2 O 2 and phenol during the previous induction stage, decreased suddenly compared with the ratio of the control culture of each strain, meaning there is a possible adaptive response to stress caused by chemicals. Protein damage due to phenol was completely repaired by the second culturing after the initial induction, as was oxidative damage caused by H 2 O 2 , which was also rapidly repaired, as detected by the recovery of bioluminescence level. This result suggests that E. coli promptly adapt and repair oxidative and protein damage by H 2 O 2 and phenol completely.


R(‐)‐Nipecotic acid was a more potent inhibitor than the S(+)‐isomer of the uptake of GABA, (+)‐nipecotic acid, and β‐alanine in rat brain slices. (‐)‐Nipecotic acid was an order of magnitude more potent as an inhibitor of GABA uptake than as an inhibitor of β‐alanine uptake, whereas the (+)‐isomer was less selective. (–)‐Nipecotic acid was a weak inhibitor of L‐proline uptake and of rat brain acetylcholinesterase activity.


Almost all kinds of implanted devices have been reported to induce hypersensitive reactions.Remote mucous or skin,as well as the local tissue could be involved.We focused on implantation allergy in one case of palmoplantar pustulosis induced by copper-IUD and two cases of contact stomatitis induced by oral prosthetics.The literatures were also reviewed in the field of allergic reactions induced by intrauterine device,dental or orthopedics prosthetics,cardiovascular implantations,artificial cochlear,and silicone rubber.


Abstract Decentralization in education has an opportunity and chalenging, the government and the doer of education must be clever in filling it with the good site and rejecting it with good moral and attitude. Key Words: education, decentralization.


Tsuga longibracteata is a rare species endemic to China,a narrow distribution range in southern Jiangxi,scarce resources.The T.longibracteata forests of Wuzhifeng in Shangyou County were investigated,its community structure was analyzed,some specific recommendations about protecting and excavating this ancient species.


Given educators' call to equalize educational opportunities, research is needed to illuminate promises and tensions in schools that resist negative labeling and sorting of nondominant youth. This article examines an urban high school that challenges traditional expectations for low-income, Latina/o students by engaging in "relabeling," a process whereby school staff socialize students, who have been viewed historically as not "college material," to see themselves as college-bound professionals. The authors use this school as a critical case study to highlight the importance of challenging negative messages about Latina/o youth and affirming students' potential, inculcating behaviors associated with academic and professional success, and marshaling multicultural capital to prepare students to navigate between the worlds of college and home. Authors also describe the tensions in balancing dominant and nondominant cultures, comportment and academics, and ganas (determination) and high standards. These findings contribute to deepening relabeling theory in three critical domains: rethinking Bourdieu's cultural capital theory, developing academic college-level skills, and affirming multicultural capital.


Synthesis of Gold Nano-Particles in a Microfluidic Platform for Water Quality Monitoring Applications. (December 2008) Sayak Datta, B.E., R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore, India Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Debjyoti Banerjee A microfluidic lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for in-situ synthesis of gold nano-particles was developed. The long term goal is to develop a portable hand-held diagnostic platform for monitoring water quality (e.g., detecting metal ion pollutants). The LOC consists of micro-chambers housing different reagents and samples that feed to a common reaction chamber. The reaction products are delivered to several waste chambers in a pre-defined sequence to enable reagents/ samples to flow into and out of the reaction chamber. Passive flow actuation is obtained by capillary driven flow (wicking) and dissolvable microstructures called 'salt pillars'. The LOC does not require any external power source for actuation and the passive microvalves enable flow actuation at predefined intervals. The LOC and the dissolvable microstructures are fabricated using a combination of photolithography and soft lithography techniques. Experiments were conducted to demonstrate the variation in the valve actuation time with respect to valve position and geometric parameters. Subsequently, analytical


The present invention provides a communication device including a receiver, a determiner configured to determine, for a first data transmission via a first communication channel and a second data transmission via a second data communication channel, wherein the first data transmission and the second data transmission overlap in time, a first time period during which the receiver is to receive data transmitted in the first data transmission and a second time period during which the receiver is to receive data transmitted in the second data transmission based on information about the quality of data transmission via the first communication channel and based on information about the quality of data transmission via the second communication channel and a controller configured to control the receiver to receive data transmitted in the first data transmission during the first time period and to receive data transmitted in the second data transmission during the second time period.


This paper proposes a method based on conditional random fields to incorporate sentence structure (syntax and semantics) and context information to identify sentiments of sentences within a document. It also proposes and evaluates two different active learning strategies for labeling sentiment data. The experiments with the proposed approach demonstrate a 5-15% improvement in accuracy on Amazon customer reviews compared to existing supervised learning and rule-based methods.


Proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa), may contribute to vascular endothelial dysfunction in obesity/diabetes through the promotion of endothelial cell insulin resistance. Insulin‐stimulated increases in endothelial cell nitric oxide production involves phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase serine 1177 (p‐eNOSser1177) largely by protein kinase B (Akt). Sodium salicylate (Na Sal), a non‐acetylated salicylate with anti‐inflammatory actions, activates AMP‐activated protein kinase that also can directly phosphorylate eNOSser1177. We tested the hypothesis that in vitro pretreatment with Na Sal would prevent TNFa‐induced reductions in insulin‐stimulated p‐eNOSser177 but not p‐AkT ser473in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). In serum starved HAECs, time course experiments indicated that insulin‐ (10 nM) stimulated maximal phosphorylation of AkT ser473 occurred at 30 min (Western blotting, n=3, P<0.05) and eNOSser1177 at 60 minutes (n=3, P<0.05). The insulin‐stimulated increase in p‐eNOSser1177 at 60 minutes (n=3, P=0.001, vs. non‐insulin control) was abolished by TNFa (10 ng/ml, 2 hrs; n=3, P<0.05 vs. insulin), but pretreatment of HAECs with Na Sal (5 mM, 30 min) prevented the TNFa‐mediated decrease in p‐eNOSser1177 (n=3; P=0.03 vs. insulin + TNFa). Insulin‐stimulated increase in p‐AkT ser473 at 30 minutes (n=3, P=0.008) tended to decrease after TNFa (n=3, P=0.09) but was not significantly altered by Na Sal (P=0.37). These data suggest that Na Sal protects against inflammation‐induced impairments in insulin‐stimulated phosphorylation ofeNOSser1177 in aortic endothelial cells through non‐Akt signaling.


This article carry on the comparative analysis before the Olympic Games host city de- velopment sports leisure industry's experience,summarizes the overseas Olympic Games host city development sports leisure industry experience,after holding Beijing the Olympic Games oppor- tunity promotes the urban sports leisure industry sustainable development take the time to provide profits from the experience,key word:Olympic Games host city;Sports leisure industry;After Beijing,Olympic Games opportunity;Uses for reference experiences.


Phytochemical analysis of methanolic and aqueous extracts of medicinal plants namely Cymbopogon citrates, Punica granatum L, Pennisetum setaceum and Nerium oleander revealed different bioactive compounds such as steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, tannins, phenols, catechin, anthraquinone and quinone. Antibacterial activity against bovine mastitis causing microorganism such as Escherichia coli, Streptococcus uberi, Staphylococcus aureus, and Coagulase-negative staphylococcus aureus by agar well diffusion method revealed that Pennisetum setaceum and Nerium oleander has no much antibacterial activity whereas Cymbopogon citrates and Punica granatum L has antibacterial activity with Punica granatum L having the highest potency.


The thesis has three primary objectives: first, to review the spirituality and sustainable procurement literature and address the gap that exists; second, to investigate the relationship between spirituality and sustainable procurement within the Australi


Abstract A variable valve timing mechanism has been applied in a high-speed direct injection diesel engine. The effective compression ratio (εeff) is lowered by means of late intake valve closing, while keeping the expansion ratio constant. Premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion, adopting the Miller cycle, was experimentally realized and numerically analysed. Significant improvements in NO x (nitrogen oxides) and soot emissions were achieved for a wide range of engine speeds and loads frequently used in a transient mode test. The operating range of the Miller-PCCI combustion has been expanded up to an indicated mean effective pressure of 1.3 MPa.


Keratoconus is a noninflammatory, usually, bilateral progressive disease. It is a pathology characterized by a progressive thinning and ectasia of the stroma that results in cone-shaped cornea. In advanced keratoconus with corneal opacities, keratoplasty, can be the only surgical alternative for a long time. Recently, new treatment alternatives were developed in keratoconus treatment, such as intracorneal ring segments and corneal crosslinking. Intracorneal ring segment acts as spacer elements between the bundles of corneal lamellae producing a shortening of the central arc length. Corneal cross-linking treatment increases the stiffness of the cornea. Several studies reported that collagen cross-linking can delay or stop keratoconus progression and produce better quality of vision.


Objectives of the study: The study aims to assess satisfy of the coronary artery patients for the care product fromthe nurse and physician and to find out the relationship between patient satisfaction with the social and theclinical characteristics of the patients.Methodology: A descriptive design study conducted using the evaluation approach for the duration of June 3rd2012 to January 31, 2013. Non-probability sample of (60) patients who were visiting or admitted (inpatient oroutpatient) to the teaching hospital in Baquba with the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. A questionnaire havebeen built and develop by the researcher based on review of literature and previous research, the form included of(3) parts: Part I demographic characteristics such as age, gender, education level, marital status, occupation,monthly income, the second part of clinical data and the third part assessing the satisfaction of patient about thequality of the physicians care, the quality of nurses care and satisfaction in general.(12).Reliability was identifiedthrough the use of (test and retest).The validity was identified by offering experts with competence. The data wereanalyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistical analysis approachResults: The results of the study showed that the highest percentage (53.3%) was males under age groups (60-69)and (36.7%) of the sample were unable to read and write. The study showed that (75.0%) of the sample weremarried, (41.7%) of the sample were female and housewife (61.7%) of the respondents live in the city, and (91.7%)of the sample had one source of income and (61.7%) of the sample had not sufficiently a monthly income. Theresults of the study shows that the patients with coronary artery disease were not satisfy with the care providedby the nurse, the physician and general care in most of the sub domains.Recommendations: The study recommended there is a need to writing standard education program for the nurseand the physician in cardiac care unit to improve the care provided to the patient and establishment cardiac centerrehabilitation in all governorate to produce the service to the patient


Purpose of Study: Challenge to place themselves in jobs, require graduate that have high competency in career manage- ment to compete and fulfill the human resource demand. Thus, this research is to find the different technical student in their career management competency between courses field and university. Samples are final year students from Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) and Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka(UTeM), with sample size (n), are 581. A questionnaire was used as the instruments to measure the career management competency among students. The data were analyzed using an independent t-test and One Way ANOVA to answer the research questions. The finding revealed there is a significant difference in career management competency between students' courses field, p < .05 and university, p < .05, with mean difference value =0.13. The implication of this study can give a positive picture to the student how to manage their career own then right path.
Methodology: This study uses a quantitative approach by using survey method to answer the question of the study. The purpose of this study was to involve the views and perceptions of respondents about the career management competencies to identify the difference career management competency based on the course fields and among the final year of Engineering Technical University students.
Results: The data obtained through this study were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)  version 20.0. Table 1 shows the total distribution of 581 students by the university. Table 2 shows the mean score of career management competency based on seven-course fields namely FKMP, FKEE, FKAAS, FKE, FKEKK, FKP, and FKM.
Implications/Applications: This research was conducted based on the need to review the competency to manage a career in technical university engineering students. The need to review the career management competency by identifying the differences based on career fields and universities among final year students of Engineering Technical University is based on the lack of research in the relevant field.


A simple macroeconomic model may be used to enunciate some of the key propositions of the "New Cambridge School" (NCS), and especially to identify and emphasize their breaks with Keynes' vision of the economic system. The penultimate section of the paper contains a simplified version of the NCS view of the relationship between the budget deficit and the trade deficit. For ease of exposition I deal only with real magnitudes and neglect time lags throughout.


This case problem will provide the student with the familiarity that they will need for the concepts of contributory negligence and last clear chance.  It should also be noted that the concept of last clear chance is on the wane as a legal maxim. It is applicable in states that still use the legal defense of contributory negligence. Whereas in other states, which constitute the majority, the courts apply the concept of comparative negligence, which apportions the monetary damages given by the fact finder. There may be other considerations depending upon the country of the legal action, as this case study is based solely on United States laws.


Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has many variants having vast application spectrum. The important aspect of any ANN system is the optimization of various design parameters in order to get robust performance with good accuracy. However, there is a lack of generalized rules with respect to various design issues of ANN. Different problems may require different design parameters to get the accurate results. This paper attempts to throw light in this direction. It aims to provide insight and conceptual understanding of various design issues of ANN.


An attempt has been made to give an assessment of the species diversity of epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungi of the temperate forests of Western Himalaya, based on studies carried out in the region. The main hosts were oaks (primarily Quercus leucotrichophora and Q. floribunda), pines (Pinus roxburghii and P. wallichiana) and deodar (Cedrus deodara). The species richness of ectomycorrhizal fungi was 43 in oak forests and 55 in conifer forests, which is close to midpoint values on the range derived from the literature for similar forest types. The major genera in terms of species were Amanita (15 sp.), Russula (13 sp.), Boletus (12 sp.), Lactarius (9 sp.), Hygrophorus (4 sp.) and Cortinarius (4 sp.). Some of these genera showed clear-cut host specificity-Amanita was primarily associated with conifers and Russula and Boletus with oaks. All these forests with the dominance of ectomycorrhizal hosts, had low tree species diversity.


Learning Objectives: After participating in this professional development activity, the provider should be better able to: 1. Identify challenges school nurses face when supporting children and adolescents with chronic pain. 2. Describe at least 2 ways clinicians can support school nurses in the treatment of students with chronic pain. 3. Explain at least 2 future research considerations to better the support for children with chronic pain in the school environment.


A new technique of exciting electrodeless discharges at microwave frequencies is described which involves a simply constructed device called a termination fixture. The termination fixture has been shown to allow operation of laboratory scale rare gas electrodeless discharges from atmospheric pressure down to pressures of 0.5 Pa (4 mTorr). The stability, tunability, efficiency, and flexibility of this technique represent an advancement beyond conventional means of exciting electrodeless discharges. This device is expected to provide improved spectroscopic light sources, a better technique of molecular dissociation, and a simplified method of providing electrodeless discharges for laboratory experiments.


the development of eco economy is the focu s strategy in minority areas, especially in the minority nationality areas part of some serious environmental problems, promote the development of ecological economy more urgent. As a main participant mode of ecological economy in the minority nationality. people, attitudes, interests, quality problems is essential for promoting ecological economy, positive aspects related to the development will directly promote the development of ecological economy in ethnic minority areas, on the other hand, they can lead to resistance to the regional eco economic development, effect of combining ethnic people in the eco economy obstacles are analyzed in detail, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions on related issues.


A new dominant color structure descriptor (DCSD) is proposed in this paper. It is designed to provide an efficient way to represent both color and spatial structure information with single compact descriptor. The descriptor combines the compactness of dominant color descriptor (DCD) and the retrieval accuracy of color structure descriptor (CSD) to enhance the retrieval performance in a highly efficient manner. The feature extraction and similarity measure of the descriptor are designed to address the problems of the existing descriptors while utilize the advantages of them. Experimental results show that DCSD has a significant improvement on both retrieval performance and descriptor size over DCD. An eight-color DCSD (DCSD 8) gives an averaged normalized modified retrieval rate (ANMRR) of 0.0993 using MPEG-7 common color dataset, outperforming compact configurations of scalable color descriptor and color structure descriptor with smaller descriptor size.


ABSTRACT Extensive studies have already been reported in recent literature on the characteristics of EVs and EV charging stations (EVCSs) and the majority of quality research was published in very recent years due to ever-increasing interests paid on this topic. So far, totally, 1167 research and review articles have been appeared in this field according to SCOPUS database until the end of first quartile of 2021. Obviously, studying such an enormous literature appeared in different subtopics is very difficult and time consuming. Thus, in this research work, only existing CS-related review articles are examined from various perspectives such as planning, operation, configurations, codes, standards, etc. Hence, to get an instant access to related research works a total of 38 review articles were selected on the scope of CS in between 2013 and 2021. The selected reviews were examined from different viewpoints including planning and operation, topologies, codes, and standards. Based on the discussions given in the investigated review articles, the present review study instantly demonstrates the existing issues and challenges of CSs as well as the future research directions in all related research fields. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


We have already introduced the concept of multivariate data, which are collections of data in which many attributes (usually more than four) change with respect to one or more independent attributes. We find numerous examples in the activities that we carry out every day. Take, for instance, the act of entering a shop to buy a cellular phone. We are normally greeted by an overwhelming number of models, all offering the most diverse features. even Wi-Fi are just some of the numerous modern features that often influence our choice of one cell phone over another. To decide which cell phone to buy, we take the features that interest us the most into consideration and, from the various models, we choose the phone that most satisfies our requirements. Since there are many models, with features that evolve every six months in any case, very often we turn to the sales assistants to help us in the difficult task of choosing the cell phone that's right for us. This is an example in which a decision process (the purchase of goods), based on a collection of multidimensional data (the technical features of the phones), is aided by an external agent (the sales assistant) with experience in and knowledge of the goods that we wish to purchase. This process works excellently when the number of instances (cell phones) and attributes (features) is fairly contained. What would happen if the number of cell phones were extremely large, let's say a hundred or even a thousand? Would the salesperson manage to cope with all of this data and advise us on the right phone without the aid of supplementary tools? It's not by mere chance that one of the sectors in which information visualization is enjoying great success are the decision support systems, which are a specific class of software systems that help in decision-making activities. These systems are characterized by a great amount of data and numerous attributes and are very important as they provide essential information for managers, analysts, and directors, who are required to make decisions that are crucial for the running of the company. In this chapter, we will analyze some of the most common techniques of the visual representation of multivariate data. We will also show some successful cases and examples of representations for the explorative analysis of large quantities of multivariate data.


Objective To investigate the expression of cholecystokinin-B (CCK-B)/gastrin receptor genes in human colon cancer tissue and the matched resection margin.Methods Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to detect CCK-B receptor expression in the colon cancer tissue and the resection margin of 23 patients.Results The positive rate of CCK-B receptor expression in the cancer tissue was 87.0%,while positive rate in resection margin was 60.8%; the mean in the cancer tissue was 0.704±0.134,while the mean in the resection margin was 0.215±0.077,there was significant difference between them (P0.05).Conclusion The up-regulation expression of CCK-B receptor in colon cancer suggests CCK-B receptor play an important role in the pathway of carcinogenesis.


Relating objective acoustical measurements of an instrument, without a player, to the qualities reported by players is often a difficult goal in music acoustics. The didjeridu offers advantages in such a study because it is inherently 'blind'—neither player nor researcher knows what is inside—and because there are wide variations in objective parameters. Here, seven experienced players reported several qualities and overall quality of 38 traditionally made didjeridus whose acoustic impedance spectra and overall geometry were measured. The rankings for 'overtones', 'vocals', 'resonance', 'loudness' and overall quality were all negatively correlated with the characteristic impedance of the instrument, defined as the geometric mean of the first impedance maximum and minimum. 'Speed' was correlated positively with the frequency of the lowest frequency impedance peak, near which the instrument plays. Assessments of geometrically simple PVC pipes yielded similar results. The overall ranking was highest for inst...


Long term monitoring of CO2 emission from the peat of natural forest (NF), fire-affected re-growing forest (RF) and cropland (KV) in Plangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia has been conducted since 2002. The results showed that the average annual CO2 emission was 14.8 tC/ha/y in NF, 9.2 tC/ha/y in RF and 25.5 tC/ha/y in KV. The tendency of the CO2 emission agreed with that of annual peat subsidence. Based on the data of the proportion of peat decomposition and root respiration in CO2 emission from peat, the value of peat decomposition per unit peat subsidence was estimated to be 4.3 tC/ha/cm in NF, 6.21 tC/ha/cm in RF and 5.91 tC/ha/cm in KV, and peat decomposition to peat subsidence accounted for 46 % in NF, 57 % in RF and 57 % in KV. These results suggest that peatland degradation accelerates peat decomposition. N2O emission exponentially increased with an increase of peat decomposition. The result of regression analysis using the data of CO2 emission in tropical peatland compiled by Hooijer et al. (2006) together with the data obtained in this study showed that peat decomposition was significantly increased by a fall of the ground water table. The slope of the regression equation for cropland was higher than that for other ecosystems (natural forest, re-growing forest and plantation).


The dynamic response of premixed ducted flame to flow disturbance is analyzed in this paper.For linear fluctuations,the time evolution of flame surface can be determined analytically.Meanwhile,the influence of different equivalence ratio and forced oscillation frequencies on the fluctuation of flame wrinkle is measured by intensified CCD detectors and dynamic pressure sensors simultaneously with the help of the phase-locked method.Both the analytical and the experimental results show that the above parameters are closely related to the number and amplitude of flame wrinkle.


An in situ infrared spectrum pool for studying a gas-liquid-solid three-phase boundary comprises a pool body with openings at two ends. A top cover is arranged at the upper end of the pool body, a base is arranged at the lower end of the pool body, a sealing ring is arranged between the top cover and an upper end port of the pool body, and a sealing ring is arranged between the base and the pool body. The in situ infrared spectrum pool is characterized in that the top cover is provided with a gas inlet pipe and a gas outlet pipe communicated with the pool body, the base is hollow and provided with infrared crystal, a hollow sealing gasket is arranged between the infrared crystal and the base, a thermocouple penetrates through the top cover to extend into the pool body, and a heating belt surrounds an outer wall of the pool body. The in situ infrared spectrum pool can enable users to study adsorption, desorption and reaction which occur on the gas-liquid-solid three-phase boundary.


A great medical practice manager can position your practice for success. Here are 10 things that physicians should know about these important individuals.


The sonic boom flight test program conducted at Jackass Flats, Nevada, during the summer and fall of 1970 consisted of 121 sonic-boom-generating flights over the 1500 ft instrumented BREN tower. This test program was designed to provide information on several aspects of sonic boom, including caustics produced by longitudinal accelerations, caustics produced by steady flight near the threshold Mach number, sonic boom characteristics near lateral cutoff, and the vertical extent of shock waves attached to near-sonic airplanes. The measured test data, except for the near-sonic flight data, were analyzed in detail to determine sonic boom characteristics for these flight conditions and to determine the accuracy and the range of validity of linear sonic boom theory. The caustic phenomena observed during the threshold Mach number flights and during the transonic acceleration flights are documented and analyzed in detail. The theory of geometric acoustics is shown to be capable of predicting shock wave-ground intersections, and current methods for calculating sonic boom pressure signature away from caustics are shown to be reasonably accurate.


The sewage treatment plant project of a city is designed to reach 58600 tons of water / day.The sewage treatment process in this wastewater treatment plant is pretreatment and carrousel oxidation ditch,then the effluent outflow from the secondary settling tank.Sludge treatment using concentration basin to enrich it,then the sludge goes into the digestive pool,and landfilling after digestion by further dehydration.Implementation of the national sewage effluent discharge standards(GB18978-2002) reached 1B standard.


A time-dependent model of rail resistance based on one-dimensional current diffusion was developed and implemented in a railgun simulation code that can be used to study efficiency and losses in most railgun systems. Results were obtained for simple 500 kA, 2-m gun using metal armature. It is shown that typically 25% of the energy delivered to the gun is dissipated in rail resistance. The energy lost in the rails is about 75% of the final kinetic energy of the projectile. Gun efficiency can be improved by about 7% by simply cooling the rails to 77 K. Resistive voltage drop in the rails accounts for 33% of the breech voltage. Performance as measured by muzzle velocity depends on available power supply energy. >


SUMMARY Behavioral and emotional symptoms are common in Alzheimer's disease, but often present treatment dilemmas because there are no US FDA-approved treatments for these symptoms, with the exception of treating depression and mania. A common axiom in geriatric psychopharmacology is to avoid polypharmacy so as to minimize drug–drug interactions and side effects. However, there may be rationale for simultaneous use of one or multiple classes of medications, for example, to minimize side effects by giving two or more medications at lower doses to reduce the potential side effects of larger doses of the individual drugs. Symptom clusters can also be targeted by combining medications such as a cholinesterase inhibitor with an antipsychotic, an antipsychotic with an antidepressant or an antidepressant with a hypnotic drug.


The authors propose a statistical model for Kinetic Monte Carlo computations of the homoepitaxial growth of Ga2O3 and compare it with experimental results.


Metal-composite overwrapped pressure vessels (MCOPV) have found a wide application in aerospace and aeronautical industries. Such vessels should combine impermeability and high weight efficiency with enhanced long-term safety and durability. To meet these requirements, theoretical and experimental studies on the mechanics of deformation and failure of MCOPV are required. In the paper, the analysis on strength, lifetime and reliability of MCOPV is presented. A high performance of the MCOPV is justified by comparing the calculation results with experiment data obtained on full-scale samples.Metal-composite overwrapped pressure vessels (MCOPV) have found a wide application in aerospace and aeronautical industries. Such vessels should combine impermeability and high weight efficiency with enhanced long-term safety and durability. To meet these requirements, theoretical and experimental studies on the mechanics of deformation and failure of MCOPV are required. In the paper, the analysis on strength, lifetime and reliability of MCOPV is presented. A high performance of the MCOPV is justified by comparing the calculation results with experiment data obtained on full-scale samples.


Background: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a long-term disabling illness accompanied by fatigue unsolved by rest. However, ME/CFS is a poorly understood illness that lacks a universally accepted pathophysiology and treatment. A lack of CFS-related studies have been conducted in Asian countries. This study aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence of ME/CFS in Korea and Japan and conducted a meta-analysis. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and KMBASE for population-based prevalence studies of the two countries and synthesized the data according to the Fukuda case definition. Results: Of the eight studies (five in Korea, three in Japan) included, the total prevalence rate of Korean studies was 0.77% (95% CI 0.34–1.76), and 0.76% (95% CI 0.46–1.25) for the Japanese studies. The prevalence rate in females was approximately two-fold higher than males in Korean studies (1.31% female vs. 0.60% male), while the gender difference was less obvious in Japanese studies (0.76% female vs. 0.65% male). Conclusions: Further epidemiology studies on the female ME/CFS prevalence rate between countries may be required.


With reduction in the die sizes it is very critical to control the Critical Dimension (CD) within a very precise window. In this work we present a root cause analysis and solution to a bimodal CD distribution seen from the center of the wafer. The CD bimodality displays a sharp cliff at the center of the wafer, wherein one side of the wafer has the higher CD and the other side has lower CD with respect to the target value. The bimodality was also seen in the center column of the wafer.


Under the oxidative action of NacCLO.and the guiding of the orthogonal design method, the best corm starch adhesive has heen prepared.lt has good starting adhesion strength and stable viscosity.


The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of ageing on labor and pension income distribution in Mexico under different scenarios of social security coverage. Static and accounting micro-simulations are used to build synthetic populations in 2025 and 2050. The main findings of the work are, firstly, that, in spite of the critical increase in the elderly population share predicted by the main national and international economic institutions, the level of income dispersion is not likely to dramatically increase in the coming decades. On the contrary, inequality might be reduced in the next few decades because of the higher educa- tional attainment and female activity rates observed among young cohorts at the present moment. Secondly, an upward shift in pension coverage —either through an increase in the share of the population receiving contributory pensions or the establishment of non-contributory old-age benefits— could be an effective tool to achieve improvements in income distribution figures.


Investigates in a unified framework two basic feedback optimization problems, rejection of output disturbances in the presence of plant uncertainty, and contraction of radius of uncertainty for MIMO plants. Duality theory is provided showing existence of optimal feedback laws. Optimal and nearly optimal solutions are characterized, and flatness conditions are derived. The theory developed allows previous convex programming based numerical methods to be applied to this class of problems.


Company value can show the value of assets owned by the company such as securities. Firm value is very important, because it reflects the company's performance which can affect investors' perceptions of the company. The value of the company will show the prosperity of shareholders. The higher the value of the company, the more prosperous the shareholders. Based on the results of research on dividend policy and debt policy on firm value, it can be concluded that partially the dividend policy has a significant effect. Because, the calculated t value is greater than t table. So it can be concluded that dividend policy has a significant effect on firm value in LQ45 index companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX). Partially it can be concluded that debt policy has no significant effect. Because. The value of t table is greater than t count. Therefore it can be concluded that debt policy has a significant negative effect on firm value in LQ45 index companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Simultaneously dividend policy and debt policy obtain a calculated F value greater than F table. So, it can be concluded that simultaneously dividend policy and debt policy have a significant effect on firm value in LQ45 index companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)..


This article considers the effect of commission on auctions when bidders are risk-averse.It can be found that the commission rate has effects on the bidders′ bidding strategy,the expected revenue of the seller and the auctioneer.The bigger the commission rate is,the lower the bidder bids,and the less expected revenue the seller makes,but the more revenue the auctioneer has,and the bidder′s expected utility is not dependent on the commission rate.In the symmetry independent private value model which induced commission,the revenue-equivalence theorem is incorrect.The expected revenue in the first-price auction is greater than that in the second-price auction.


The need to guarantee the structural integrity of key mechanical and structural components require the use of the damage tolerant concepts in their design, and the fracture properties of the material must be known in actual operations conditions. The behaviour of components subjected to dynamic loads is very different from that under static loads: the existence of inertial forces and the strain rate may affect the properties of the material. This works aims to present the experimental techniques most commonly used to determine the dynamic fracture properties of linear elastic materials, as well as the analytical and numerical tools used to interpret the experiments.


Lisboa is on surer ground when he examines the firms themselves to show why certain sectors, such as textiles, clothing, and footwear, grew more rapidly than areas of the economy that involved more sophisticated technologies, like machinery and electronics. He does not, however, refer to the role of foreign-owned enterprises, which at present account for a large proportion of Portuguese manufacturing. In the second part of the book, he has gathered information, not available elsewhere, on the owners, entrepreneurs, and managers of Portuguese manufacturing firms. Based on this compilation, Lisboa argues that the development of the manufacturing industry was strongly conditioned by how the firms were run. He highlights the entrepreneurial and managerial functions of leaders who emphasized innovation, in contrast to those who viewed their function as mainly entailing risk management. Lacking are case studies exemplifying these leadership styles. Notwithstanding these critical remarks, Lisboa deserves praise for his book. He has compiled a large amount of information about the performance of Portuguese manufacturing during the second half of the twentieth century. And he has written an important reference for business historians interested in studying how industry leaders in Portugal approached the challenges of entrepreneurship, management, and innovation.


Infrastructure systems are large physical networks of interrelated components which produce and distribute resources to meet societal needs. Meeting future sustainability objectives may require more complex systems with stronger integration across sectors and improved collaboration among constituent organizations. This dissertation introduces and demonstrates a method of interoperable simulation gaming to combine elements from concurrent engineering, wargaming, and serious gaming to support strategic design activities. First, a controlled human subjects experiment quantifies the relative impacts of technical and social sources of complexity using a simple surrogate design task, finding collaboration with communication barriers greatly increases the time and cost of design. Next, a modeling framework identifies common graph-theoretic structures and formal behavior definitions believed to be generalizable to all infrastructure systems. An interoperability interface defines interactions between system models to enable resource exchanges. Next, the High Level Architecture (HLA) standard is applied to the modeling framework to enable distributed, time-synchronized simulation with decentralized authority over constituent system models. A federation object model and agreement define data structures and processes to participate in a federated simulation execution. A prototype application case implements the modeling framework and simulation architecture using the context of Saudi Arabia. Infrastructure system models are developed for agriculture, water, petroleum, and electricity sectors. A baseline scenario develops system and element instantiations using historical estimates of resource flows and fictional costs. A software implementation provides a graphical user interface to modify design scenarios and visualize outcomes. Finally, a game formulation uses the prototype model as the basis of a simulation game with individual and collective objectives among water, energy, and agriculture ministry roles. Players collaboratively propose new infrastructure projects over a planning horizon to maximize objectives within time and budgetary constraints. A second controlled human subjects experiment studies the effect of three tool variants on outcome design quality, finding the number of data exchanges is positively correlated with outcome quality and an integrated simulation variant using the HLA results in more data exchanges compared to an asynchronous file-based variant. Thesis Supervisor: Olivier L. de Weck Title: Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Engineering Systems


This CASEbrief summarises 'Social security, selective universalism and patchwork redistribution' by John Hills and Orsolya Lelkes in British Social Attitudes, the 16th Report: Who shares New Labour values? edited by R. Jowell, J. Curtice, A. Park and K. Thomson, and published by Ashgate Publishing Co.


This paper aims to focus on the contribution of the approach by segments to planning and reporting social and environmental performance along with economic and financial dimensions. After the review of the literature about stakeholder's theory and segment reporting, the paper analyse the logic underlying the technique of segmentation in the "space" and in the "time" for corporate reporting in theory and in practice. Keywords: Environmental reporting, Integrated reporting, Social reporting, Segment reporting, Social segment reporting, Sustainability reporting.


This piece submits some remarks and ideas about the relationship between wine and territory. Such relationship is not only an external one (wine as a product of territory) but also an internal one: wine as a territory on its own account. To illuminate this fact, it is sufficient to consider the expertise and practices of sommeliers. Advancing toward a territoriological analysis of wine tasting calls for leaving behind the image of wine as a mere object upon which a certain analytical activity is performed. Wine is neither a subject nor an object, rather, a mode or a matter of expression that emerges in the context of the practice of tasting. A mode can also be described as the result of an encounter, a meeting of agents (for example: wine-glass-nose-mouth...), a complex composition of distributed variables within a continuum of heterogeneous elements that extend into each other according to series of nexuses and links that are neither casual nor causal. All the rules and protocols that guide tasting are but tentative tools to provides us with a compass for sailing in the sea of wine: wine is a veritable environment.


The interfacial and electrical properties of metal organic chemical vapor deposited HfAlO on compressively strained Si0.5Ge0.5 (e-Si0.5Ge0.5) substrate without or with surface nitridation treatment were investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis suggests that an interfacial layer containing GeOx, Hf silicate, and Al silicate exists on substrates with direct deposition of HfAlO, whereas an interfacial layer containing SiNxOy exists on substrates with surface nitridation prior to HfAlO deposition. The TaN∕HfAlO∕e-Si0.5Ge0.5 capacitor with surface nitridation shows a larger permittivity of the entire gate dielectric with a thinner interfacial layer (in terms of equivalent oxide thickness), a smaller interface trap charge density, and less severe flatband shift as well as two orders of magnitude lower gate leakage in comparison with those capacitors without nitridation.


Circular foundation pits often appear in civil engineering. In order to obtain the critical depth of the non-supported circular foundation pit, the upper-bound method in plasticity mechanics was employed. The assumed slip surface in analysis was the rotational logspiral surface. The kinematically admissible velocity field was obtained according to the associated flow rule for Coulomb material, and the optimization model of the critical depth was established and solved with SQP optimization algorithm. The variations of the critical depth with the slope angle, the ratio of depth to radius of pit and the internal friction angle of soil were studied. The arch effect of the circular foundation pit makes the critical depth larger than the critical height of the plane slope; however, when the ratio of depth to radius of pit approaches zero, the upper-bound solution of the former approaches that of the latter. If the ratio of depth to diameter of pit is less than 10, the arch effect may be ignored and the foundation pit can be analyzed as the plane slope with the method of slices. Comparisons between upper-bound solution(UBS), the solution from approximate slip line theory(SLS) and finite difference solution(FDS) showed that UBS is less than SLS and larger slightly than FDS.


Microbial fermentation is the source of commercial lactic acid (LA) and the price of fermentation derived LA is heavily challenged by the feedstock price. This study evaluated four different catego...


Drawing from decades of research, Genes, Climate, and Consumption Culture: Connecting the Dots demonstrates how climate dictates culture and consumption.


The authors describe the politicization of the process to revise Michigan's social studies standards from 2005 to the present. In 2005, critics objected to the omission of topics they considered important, even though the content expectations document was not intended to be an exhaustive list of material to be covered. The latest, more limited revision, is being criticized for its leftward political leanings. The authors suggest that critics lack the expertise in the subject matter and that it is dangerous to let politically motivated non-experts make curricular decisions.


SYNOPSIS. Oxidative assimilation of acetate by Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris occurs without appreciable net transfer of inorganic phosphate between cells and medium. Low concentrations of the "uncoupling agent" 2,4-dinitrophenol (2–5 μM, pH 5) stimulate acetate oxidation and inhibit acetate assimilation. These dinitrophenol concentrations have no measurable effect on edogenous respiration. Higher concentrations inhibit respiration on acetate, and still higher concentrations inhibit endogenous respiration.

Dinitrophenol concentrations which stimulate acetate oxidation produce no measurable change in the total ATP content of the euglena cells. Higher concentrations (50–100 μM) cause progressive decrease in the ATP content.

A hypothetical mechanism is proposed which accounts for the normal, constant oxidation-assimilation ratio for acetate as the result of coupling of oxidative ATP synthesis with assimilatory ATP consumption. The data are consistent with this mechanism if it is additionally assumed that oxidation and assimilation of acetate occur in an intracellular "compartment" separated from other sources and sinks of ATP.


Source Citation Eckstein HH, Ringleb P, Allenberg JR, et al. Results of the Stent-Protected Angioplasty versus Carotid Endarterectomy (SPACE) study to treat symptomatic stenoses at 2 years: a multi...


The exceptional Iron Age capital on the Kerkenes Dag in the upland centre of modern Turkey is the largest pre-Hellenistic city in Anatolia. It appears to have been a new foundation established at the end of the seventh century BC. It was destroyed by fire and its 7 km. of stone defences thrown down in, it seems, the mid sixth century BC after which all but the acropolis of this 250 hectare site was abandoned. Recent research has revealed considerable evidence for Phrygian culture, including architecture, inscriptions and graffiti. This paper selectively summarises these new discoveries while making a preliminary attempt to place them within a wider Anatolian setting.


The invention discloses a pair of multi-functional smart insoles. Each insole comprises an insole main body, wherein the insole main body sequentially comprises an insole surface layer, a circuit board layer and an insole bottom layer from top to bottom and also comprises a massage layer, the circuit board layer is a circuit board, a microprocessor used for data processing and control of a whole system is arranged on the circuit board, a 2G/3G/4G communication module and a wireless communication module are also arranged on the circuit board, the signal end of the microprocessor is connected with the signal ends of the 2G/3G/4G communication module, a multipoint vibrator and a multipoint heater, and the insole surface layer is provided with a plurality of multipoint pressure sensors corresponding to the acupuncture points of the sole. The smart insoles can perform real-time information interaction with an external mobile terminal, can monitor and analyze the health condition of a human body according to the pressure condition of human body acupuncture points, then performs massage aiming at different acupuncture points of the sole according to the actual health condition of the human body, and has the effects of disease prevention and health protection.


Cytological investigations of a burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) breeding line designated as L-8 and carrying race 0 black shank resistance derived from a cross with N. longiflora Cav. revealed the regular occurrence of 24 bivalents at metaphase I of meiosis. Instability was apparent at the meiotic anaphase and tetrad stages and from observations of mitotic anaphase and metaphase figures. Pollen viability of L-8 as estimated by a staining technique was very similar to that obtained for a standard burley variety. Comparable cytological observations were extended to the F1 hybrids of L-8 with three burley varieties. The findings were similar for L-8 and the F1 hybrids. The occurrence of 24 bivalents in meiocytes of F1 hybrids provided strong evidence for incorporation of black shank resistance from N. longiflora into N. tabacum by segmental substitution rather than by alien addition of a longiflora chromosome as previously reported.