Total kidney glomerulotubular balance was examined during aortic constriction and release in saline-loaded dogs and in dogs undergoing water diuresis. Aortic constriction lowered the glomerular filtration rate by 45% in both groups, and glomerulotubular balance, as judged by changes in absolute sodium reabsorption, was also comparable. During water diuresis, a linear relationship was observed between free water clearance and urine flow during all maneuvers, suggesting that distal sodium reabsorption is related primarily to distal delivery. The results suggest that if alterations in the peritubular environment are responsible for the changes in tubular sodium reabsorption during aortic constriction in the saline- or water-loaded dog, then a change in renal plasma flow, and presumably delivery rate of oncotic force, may be the most likely mediator.


The genus Hypericum has attracted scientific interest worldwide in recent years, since it is a source of a variety of biologically active compoun ds including the phenolics. The present study was to determine ontogenetic, morphogenetic and diurnal variation of the total phenol contents in some Hypericum species growing in Turkey namely, H. nummularioides, H. hyssopifolium, H. pruinatumand H. scabrum. Plants were separated into stem, leaf and reproductive tissues, which were dried separately, and subseq uently assayed for total phenol contents. Among different tissues, leaves had higher phenol contents and the highest content reached at noon in all sp ecies tested. But, ontogen etic change in the total phenol contents of whole plants varied among the species. It reached the highest level at floral budding in H. hyssopifolium and H. scabrum, at full flowering in H. pruinatum and at fresh fruiting in H. nummularioides.


ABSTRACT GENERALLY speaking, milk is an exemplary food, one that offers a wide variety of needed nutrients. Moreover, milk offers them at a reasonable calorie level, with pleasing taste and convenience.But! "Milk has something for every body"? One can really quarrel with the implication that milk is good for every one of us. An earlier milk advertising slogan was even worse: "Every Body Needs Milk!" This simply isn't so—although it is true that all of us need certain amounts of most of the nutrients in milk.However, we do not require the cholesterol in milk since we synthesize cholesterol, and many other foods in our diet contain more cholesterol than milk does. Nor do we need the specific kind of fat in milk, because we eat many foods with similar fat components. Yet milk contains a more versatile array of nutrients than most single foods. Thus, milk is one of


: Amongst iron-sulfur cluster proteins is an important class of mitochondrial function proteins, which play a vital role in the cellular energy metabolism, electron transfer, substrate-binding and activation, iron-sulfur storage, enzymatic


By using the method of building blocks, the dodecamethycucurbit[6]uril Me12Q[6] was synthesized and its structure was characterized by multiple techniques. The binding interactions between Me12Q[6]...


IN 1948 Nelson and Woodard (1, 2) reported that oral administration of DDD (2,2-bis(parachlorophenyl)-1,1,dichloroethane) an analog of the common insecticide DDT, causes atrophy of the adrenal cortex and further that this atrophy is species specific for the dog. Several papers have since appeared dealing with the alterations of physiology induced by this compound but no data concerning the mechanism of action has been recorded apart from the postulation by one of us, J.N. (3), that the substance might act by "blocking" the effect of ACTH. A few reports indicate that the compound may have an effect in species other than the dog; these will be discussed later. Hertz et al. (4) have established that Amphenone causes cessation of function of the adrenal and subsequent engorgement of the cortical cells with cholesterol and hypertrophy.


Object of the present invention is used to in, without generating wrinkles on the package sheet, a short distance from the printing section to the heat-sealed portion in the drug packaging device. The invention, juneungseon is to solve the above problems, the deployment guide 65 for deployment by opening the package sheet 61 is provided for the packaging unit 4 it is, extends along the fold line of the packaging sheet 61 provided with a; (主 稜線 94) and a deployment guide surface (95a, 95b), a pair of a convex curved surface which extends from juneungseon 94. The juneungseon deployment guide positioned on the curved outer contact with the package sheet 61 of the surface (95a), the start position (100a) in the transport direction (A) for 94, located on the inner side curved to the juneungseon 94 deployment Guide than the package sheet 61, contact start position (100b) with a surface (95b) which is located in the delivery direction (a) upstream of the wrapping sheet 61.


The rising number of multidrug‐resistant microorganisms has triggered interest in the prospection of biocompounds with antimicrobial activities. Synoeca‐MP consists of an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) classified as a mastoparan, which was isolated from the venom of Synoeca surinama, a social wasp. Synoeca‐MP presented a potent antimicrobial activity, with values of MIC50 and MIC90 against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus—MRSA (1.9 and 2.2 μM), Escherichia coli ESBL (2.0 and 2,1 μM), vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus faecalis (8.3 and 17.1 μM), Pseudomonas aeruginosa metallo‐ß‐lactamase (5.2 and 5.9 μM), and Klebsiella pneumoniae KPC (3.5 and 4.7 μM). Synoeca‐MP was also tested against six Candida species, with MICs varying from 10 to 40 μM. Moreover, the structural prediction for Synoeca‐MP demonstrated a cationic α‐helix capable of interacting with in silico membranes and low hemolytic activity. Due to its antimicrobial activity, synoeca‐MP shows potential as an adjuvant to antibiotics and antifungals commonly used in antibiotic therapies.


The total number of North Korean (NK) defectors in South Korea is 20,360 as of December 2010 and the growth rate increases year by year. Since many of them suffered from hunger and poverty under the communist regime, they came to South Korea with hopes of having 'proper jobs'. However, it is impossible to achieve that in South Korea without a good education. NK Defectors are easily admitted to universitites in South Korea. However, Park (2007) found that about half of the North Korea undergraduate students leave school for financial difficulties, difficulties in English language learning, socialization, indifference, and lack of supporting systems. The drop-out rate has increased in two years in Jung's study (2009) as it concluded that only twenty percent of the students successfully finish their university program. Despite the growing number of NK students, no attention has been paid to understand the group's life, specifically, in English education in universities. Considering the North Korean defectors' varying learner characteristics and different reasons for the difficulties to learn English, understanding how they contribute cognitively and psychologically to learning English seems to be significant.


Everybody knows that US needs more oil, especially since the Bush Administration simply REFUSES to either mandate improved energy efficiency or more importantly, invest in any sort renewable energy technologies. So sooner or later we are gonna run out of oil and the Bush Administration has a plan to make that date little latter then sooner.


The study of stellar activity is now an almost classical astronomical topic. The first Ca ii-H&K observations were made a hundred years ago by Eberhard & Schwarzschild 1 and many thousand papers were published after its rediscovery some three decades ago by O. C. Wilson. The complexity of the atmospheric and interior magnetic activity as observed on the Sun is hard, if not impossible, to extrapolate to solar-type stars. So far there is no solar twin found, despite that it appears that just a single process acts as the driving mechanism for activity in all atmospheric layers and partially even in the convective envelope: the dynamodriven magnetic field. In this paper, I will try to give examples where the solar analogy holds and where it is clearly not appropriate, putting some emphases on differential surface rotation and meridional circulation. I stress the importance of mapping stellar surfaces as fingerprints of the underlying dynamo action and directly measure surface magnetic fields.


The UK's testing strategy adopted a poorly performing test and has used it badly, squandering precious funds, failing to contain the virus, and damaging public trust (doi:10.1136/bmj.n1636).2 Instead we should move to targeted testing of people most at risk (doi:10.1136/bmj.n1638).3 Establish proper financial support for those who need to isolate. The World Health Organization has said that vaccinating under 18s is not a priority (https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19-14-may-2021).9 Instead, to help end the pandemic and prevent new variants emerging we should ensure that vaccines are available and affordable to poorer countries and vulnerable populations (doi:10.1136/bmj.n1444;doi:10.1136/bmj.n1608).1011 Establish an urgent review of workforce planning, with funding for recruitment, training, and retention of staff. Social inequalities and poor underlying health were a major cause of the UK's high rates of death and illness during the pandemic (doi:10.1136/bmj.n1677;https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2021/06/30/michael-marmot-and-jessica-allen-building-back-fairer-in-greater-manchester).1718 Appoint the next head of NHS England through a transparent and competitive process.


The mussel Alathyria jacksoni typically occurs in the main rivers of the Murray-Darling Basin and not in slow-flowing or standing waters. Conversely, Velesunio ambiguus is typical of billabongs and creeks and rarely occurs in big rivers except in the vicinity of impoundments. The exclusion of V. ambiguus from the main rivers probably reflects its weak anchorage, whereas the exclusion of A. jacksoni from billabongs may reflect its inability to withstand low levels of oxygen (hypoxia). At normal oxygen levels the mean rates of oxygen consumption for A. jacksoni and V. ambiguus are 21.5 (s.d. = 6.43, n = 17) and 13.5 (s.d. = 5.85, n = 10) µmol g-0.75 (dry tissue) h-1, respectively (a body-mass exponent of 0.75 was included in calculations of the mass-specific oxygen consumption rate). When exposed to declining oxygen, A. jacksoni shows little or no regulatory ability, whereas V. ambiguus maintains a steady rate of oxygen consumption down to 65 torr. Under extreme hypoxia, A. jacksoni loses muscular tone but V. ambiguus closes its values and remains inactive. On removal from water A. jacksoni incurs a significant oxygen debt after 10 days, but V. ambiguus shows no oxygen debt after 15 days. In general, animals adapted to lotic environments may need more oxygen, and may be more susceptible to hypoxia, than those adapted to lentic environments.


This short paper focuses on the relationship between the procedural and the epistemic arguments for democracy in David Estlund's epistemic proceduralism. It is argued that his theory could be purel ...


The aim of this paper is to study the Euler dynamics of 2D periodic layer of non uniform vorticity. We consider the zero thickness limit and we compare the Euler solution with the vortex-sheet evolution predicted by the Birkhoff-Rott equation. The well known process of singularity formation in the vortex-sheet shape correlates with the appearance of several complex singularities in the Euler so-lution of the vortex-layer datum. These singularities approach the real axis and are responsible for the roll-up process in the layer motion.


Integrated and compact modules resulting in reduced capital cost and enhanced safety performance make Small Modular Reactor (SMR) one of the attractive options for energy mixes. The SMR safety is enhanced further by integrating a passive cooling system into the reactor vessel [1]. In passive cooling SMR, the mass flow rate is much lower than the pump-cooled SMR. The core mass flow rate is determined by the balance of the driving force and resistance force of the primary cooling system [2]. The reactor power, geometrical design of the reactor system, and the operation state of the heat exchanger influence the passive cooled reactor thermalhydraulic performance [3]. Recently, a Truly Optimized PWR (TOP) lattice has been demonstrated to be able to enhance the neutronic performance of a Soluble-Boron-Free (SBF) SMR named ATOM [4]. The pin pitch is enlarged to increase the hydrogen-to-uranium (HTU) number density ratio. SBF is necessary to assure negative Moderator Temperature Coefficient (MTC) for the reactor's inherent safety under any condition. Currently, there are two types of TOP lattice design being considered. The fuel pin pitch is enlarged to 1.4 cm in the first design without changing the fuel pellet radius. While in the second design, the fuel pellet radius is reduced to 0.38 cm without changing the fuel pin pitch. In the first design, the core size needs to be adjusted to accommodate the enlarged fuel pin pitch, while such adjustment is not required in the second design. Previously, the impact of the TOP lattice with an enlarged fuel pin pitch on the power of the natural circulation core was investigated [5]. The second TOP design with a smaller fuel pellet radius is preferred when the TOP lattice is implemented to the existing core design with restrained core size. In this study, the impact of both TOP designs on the natural circulation SMR will be compared. NuScale reactor, a soluble-boron SMR, will be utilized as the base model design, assuming that the NuScale core can be successfully converted to SBF core [6]. Preliminary studies have been performed regarding the implementation of enlarged pin pitch TOP lattice design to the passive cooled SBF SMR core based on the NuScale core [7,8]. In this study, both the first and second TOP designs are implemented to compare the impact of both designs on the core pressure drop, system mass flow, and the reactor power under the constraint of the same inlet and outlet temperature. For an apple-toapple comparison, the same in-house code [5] utilized in the previous study will be used for the analysis. The calculation models are briefly introduced in the next section. 2. Calculation Models


Based on the analyses of characteristics and disadvantages of several routine attack guards against DDoS,along with the combination of pocket flow detection technology and the improved TCP Cookie technology,an attack guards pattern against SYN Flood is established in IPv6 Environment,which is called PDIF(Packet Detection and Intelligence Filter).By means of detecting whether the packet overflows the threshold,an attack can be analyzed and detected.An intelligence filter is realized by verifying the TCP access effectiveness of remote clients to implement pocket intercept and to let through normal traffic.Trial tests are conducted successfully in the laboratory.


The two-pass method is widely used in the SAR differential interferometry (D-InSAR). It requires the external digital elevation model (DEM) as topographic phase signature to be removed from the interferogram. In the past decades, significant advance in global elevation modeling have been made with the release of the SRTM DEM and ASTER GDEM at no cost. These DEMs are often used for two-pass method, but their influence on the quality of the interferometry remains poorly understood. Taking the Wangfeng coal mine in Jiaozuo city as test site, this paper evaluate the validation of the latest release of SRTM DEM (v4.1), ASTER GDEM and 1∶50000 topographic map-derived DEM for two-pass D-InSAR measurement. The height accuracy, the precision of co-registration and the precision of D-InSAR measurement are qualified using ERS SAR images and leveling data from 2002 to 2005. The results demonstrated that the ASTER GDEM has lower height accuracy and lower precision of co-registration with SAR images, causing higher error in two-pass D-InSAR measurement. While the ASTER GDEM has an unprecedented horizontal resolution of ∼30 m, systematic errors present in this research-grade version of the ASTER GDEM will impede its use for two-pass D-InSAR.


The responses of memory electromagnetic flowmeter in water and polymer compound are studied in multiphase flow simulation well.The experiment results show the meter constant in pure water is higher than that in polymer compound,and the meter constant has no obvious change with variation of polymer compound concentration.The theoretical calculations of the responses in water and in polymer compound are made in flow field distribution and magnetic field distribution.The analysis results show that both flow velocity and relative permeability of flow media affect the responses of the flowmeter.The results of theoretical calculation are consistent well with simulation experiment results.


Image segmentation is a valuable approach that performs an object-based rather than a pixel-based analysis of high-spatial resolution satellite image. A multiscale approach for segmenting the pan-sharpened multispectral QuickBird-2 image based on vector field model is proposed. The edge features are obtained using the first fundamental form of the multispectral bands. The response of log Gabor bank filtering of each band is fused as multiscale texture features based on first fundamental form. Then, the image segmentation is implemented based on texture-marked watershed transform. The segmentation accuracy is assessed using discrepancy measures between a reference map and the segmentation. The experimental results show that the proposed approach gives a better solution of integrating spectral and texture information for the segmentation of multispectral remotely sensed image.


We address the traffic light control problem by developing a Stochastic Flow Model (SFM) for an intersection and using a policy based on partial state information defined by detecting whether vehicle backlogs are above or below certain thresholds. Using Infinitesimal Perturbation Analysis (IPA), we derive online gradient estimators of an average traffic congestion metric with respect to the green and red cycle lengths and to the backlog thresholds. The estimators are used to adjust light cycle lengths and thresholds so as to improve performance and to seek optimal values which adapt to changing traffic conditions.


....................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iv ATTRIBUTION ................................................................................................................. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................. vii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES ...............................................................................................................x THESIS INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................1 MANUSCRIPT I .................................................................................................................4 ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................................4 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................5 METHODS ..........................................................................................................................8 RESULTS ..........................................................................................................................15 DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................................19 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................24 FIGURES ...........................................................................................................................31 TABLES ............................................................................................................................36 MANUSCRIPT 2 ...............................................................................................................38 ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................38 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................39 METHODS ........................................................................................................................42 RESULTS ..........................................................................................................................51 DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................................56 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................63 FIGURES ...........................................................................................................................72 TABLES ............................................................................................................................77 MANUSCRIPT 3 ...............................................................................................................84 ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................84 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................85 METHODS ........................................................................................................................87 RESULTS ..........................................................................................................................95 DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................................101


The effects of granulated or ground fertilizer mixture (at two levels: 12:43:25 or 24:86:50 kg/ha of N, P2O5, K2O) were compared with untreated plots in different types of soils in the State of Sao Paulo (Brazil). Results of ten such experiments showed that in the clay soils, the fertilizer increased significantly the yield, weight of boll and seeds, lint percentages and lint index. In sandy soils the effect of fertilizer on cotton yield was less pronounced, and lint percentage was the only characteristic of the product that was influenced by the application of fertilizer. In general, both granulated or ground fertilizers influenced similarly the development and the yield of cotton plants.


In the present study, a series of substituted (E)-N-benzylidene-2-aminopyrimidine compounds have been synthesized by condensation reaction with 2-aminopyrimidine and meta- and para- substituted benzaldehydes. These synthesized Schiff's base compounds are confirmed by their physical constants, UV, IR and NMR spectral data. All the observed UV absorption maximum λmax(nm), IR frequencies νC=N(cm-1), NMR δ(ppm) of C-H & C=N chemical shifts have been correlated with Hammett substituent constants and F and R parameters using single and multi-linear regression analyses in order to study the effect of substituents on these spectral data has been studied. The antimicrobial activities of all the synthesized Schiff's base compounds have been studied using Bauer-Kirby disc diffusion method


Objective The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is the racial and sexual differences in left coronary artery lesions between elderly Chinese and Australians with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods Between January 2001 and December 2003,1442 Chinese(male 72.0%) from Nanjing and 1309 Australians(male 65.6%) from Sydney with CHD diagnosed by coronary angiograph were enrolled.They were 60 or more than 60 years old.The coronary artery lesions were evaluated by the incidences of diseased left coronary arteries,the severity of coronary lesions and Gensini scores.Results The incidences of diseased left coronary arteries of men were significantly higher than those of women(P0.05),but no significant differences were found in the Gensini scores of left coronary lesions between men and women(P0.05).The severity of lesions in LAD,LCX and their branches were significantly higher in Chinese than that in Australians except in distant LCX(P0.001).Chinese were likely to have more lesions in proximal and middle LAD and LCX than Australians(P0.001).Conclusion There were racial and sexual differences in cardiovascular risk factors,angiographic features of left coronary arteries and Gensini scores between elderly Chinese and Australians with CHD.Chinese had more severe lesions in left coronary arteries than Australians,and the severity of lesions in left coronary arteries in women was similar to that in men.


The generally accepted method to determine iron content in food is by acid digestion or dry ashing and subsequent flame atomic absorption spectrometry or inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. We have developed an experiment that chemically extracts the iron from an egg yolk and quantifies it using UV–vis absorption spectrophotometry. Only the yolk of an egg is used because it contains almost all of the iron in an egg and the extraction is more efficient than with the whole egg. The experiment is suitable for the instrumental analysis portion of the analytical chemistry course and serves to demonstrate to the students the chemical and biochemical principles that can be used for the extraction of a mineral from a complex organic matrix.


We give improved bounds for our theorem in [W. T. Gowers and J. Wolf, The true complexity of a system of linear equations. Proc. London Math. Soc.  (3) 100 (2010), 155–176], which shows that a system of linear forms on 𝔽 n p with squares that are linearly independent has the expected number of solutions in any linearly uniform subset of 𝔽 n p . While in [W. T. Gowers and J. Wolf, The true complexity of a system of linear equations. Proc. London Math. Soc.  (3) 100 (2010), 155–176] the dependence between the uniformity of the set and the resulting error in the average over the linear system was of tower type, we now obtain a doubly exponential relation between the two parameters. Instead of the structure theorem for bounded functions due to Green and Tao [An inverse theorem for the Gowers U 3 (G) norm. Proc. Edinb. Math. Soc.  (2) 51 (2008), 73–153], we use the Hahn–Banach theorem to decompose the function into a quadratically structured plus a quadratically uniform part. This new decomposition makes more efficient use of the U 3 inverse theorem [B. J. Green and T. Tao, An inverse theorem for the Gowers U 3 (G) norm. Proc. Edinb. Math. Soc.  (2) 51 (2008), 73–153].


Introduction : There exist various medications about psycho active drugs effectiveness in aiding to patients with Obsessive-Compulsive disorder ( OCD) .If one medication is not effective, others should be tried. Leponex is one of the strongest serotonin antagonists. It is reported paradoxical reports about efficacy of Clozapine for OCD treatment. We have a report of favorable treatment to low dose of Clozapine . Case presentation : We report 27 years old boy with severe Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) which was poor response and resistance to treatment . He had suicide ideation and functional impairment . Results : In cases resistance to treatment ( In OCD ) , It is been suggested add a antipsychotic to a SSRIs. Conclusion : We concluded that if a patient with OCD is resistance to various medications ,therefore we can consider Leponex as terminal medication in Severe OCD patients.


The present invention discloses an array substrate and a display device, such that due to solve two different rows of adjacent TFT shifted data line capacitance, and thus resulting in poor display different gray level generated by two adjacent rows of the problem. Is provided with a vertical and horizontal interlaced scan lines and data lines on the array substrate, scanning lines per row are provided with a gate driving circuit, said scanning lines each provided with a line connected to the gate drive circuit to compensate capacitance, the compensation capacitor interleaved first metal layer and second metal layer overlap region is provided a composition, the overlapping area of the first metal layer through the insulating layer and the second metal layer overlap region isolated, wherein: opposite to the first N rows compensating capacitor and the N + 1 th line compensation capacitance magnitude changes direction, and the N-th line size change direction of the compensation capacitor same as the first N + 1 rows TFT capacitance magnitude changes direction, N is a natural number 1, .


A numerical study of the evolution of cross helicity in driven/dissipative magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is presented. The magnetofluid is incompressible and a two‐dimensional (2‐D) periodic geometry is considered. Cross helicity, a measure of the correlation between fluctuations in the magnetic field and the velocity field, is injected by use of correlated Gaussian forcing over a finite bandwidth in wavenumber. Numerical experiments include the driving of initially uncorrelated spectra with highly correlated forcing and the driving of correlated spectra with anticorrelated forcing. A recurring and persistent feature of the simulations is the appearance of oppositely signed cross helicity at small scales relative to large scales. A simple argument based on the Elsasser variables and used previously in the context of decaying turbulence explains many of the observed features. The effect of a uniform external magnetic field is considered and the relation to purely decaying 2‐D MHD turbulence is discussed.


Aim: to estimate the prevalence of Hepatitis B and Delta in five municipalities of Maranhao, Northeastern Brazil, identifying the associated factors.
Methods: transversal study of HBV and HDV, and associated factors in five municipalites of Maranhao State. Sample size was calculated, using a cluster sample, for a total of 3856 to 4000 persons, older than 1 year, considering a HBsAg prevalence of 0.5%, with absolute error of 0,3%, and confidence interval of 95%. A survey has been applied in order to identify socio-geographical and associated factors to transmission. Serum was tested for HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs and anti-HDV using immunoassay. The HBV-DNA was assessed on samples with positivity for HBsAg, and HDV-RNA was assessed among those with positivity for both HBsAg and anti-HDV, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Multivariate Poisson models was used to identify associated factors for HBV.
Results: 3983 persons were included in this study. HBsAg was positive on 92 individuals (2.30% CI 95%: 1.80-2.80), and 1535 were positive for anti-HBc (38.50% CI 95%: 37-40). Anti-HBc associated factors were: (1) Municipality (P 60 years: RR=3.46 (CI95%:2.45-4.88), (3) Schooling (P<0.001) Illiterate RR=1, 1 to 4 years of study: RR=0.94 (CI95%0.86-1.04), 5 or more years of study: RR=0.74 (CI95%:0.65-0.84), Not applicable: RR=0.53 (CI95%: 0.29 – 0.96) e (4) Illicit drug intake (P=0.001) Never: RR=1, Used in the past: RR= 1.24 (CI95%:1.05-1.45), Currently using: RR=1.41 (CI95%:1.16-1.71), Ignored: IRR= 1.36 (CI95%: 1.15-1.60); (5) Vaccination for HBV (P=0.041) Three doses RR= 1, Two doses RR= 1.31 (CI95%: 1.03-1.67), One dose RR= 1.39 (CI95%: 1.07-1.82), Zero doses RR= 1.19 (CI95%: 1.03-1.37), Does not know RR= 1.23 (CI95%: 1.05-1.44). Among the 92 positive for HBsAg, 08 (8.7%) presented positivity for anti-HDV (8.69%; CI 95%: 2.90-14.40).
Conclusion: There was an intermediate prevalence of HBV, highlighting the presence of HDV. Associated factors were the traditionals.


-This project aims to fabricate a Hover craft which has been built with the properties of the "Whirling Apparatus" Constructed by Sir. George Caley in 17 century. This project described about the fabrication of an Unmanned Air vehicle which can be used for surveillance and for agriculture. This is a Single rotor air vehicle which works on the principle of Coanda effect. This includes working of the mechanical and electrical components are individually discussed and their necessity for the fabrication process is explained. Then, the model of the rotorcraft is fabricated and is successfully flown by remote control mechanism. The goal of the saucer is to observe a set of ground points of interest with in the target area as often as


This paper presents a weighted-binary-sequential method to predict the status of customer patronage for the next day. Most of the research using association rules to mine sequential data focus on the algorithms and computing efficiency of pattern or rule generation. But few of them consider the time value of the sequential data. It is desirable to weight recent observations more heavily than remote observations in the analysis of time-series data. In this paper, we address a time-weighted concept on association algorithm to mine the binary-time-series data. The weighted binary sequence algorithm gives more weight on the recent data in finding the longest frequent patterns from binary-time-series data. There are two weighting methods; dynamic-length weighting and fixed-length weighting. Both algorithms are compared to the un-weighted algorithm to show how time value influences the prediction accuracy. Some performance results with a real-life Web site application given in this paper show that time-weighted sequential algorithms are generally superior to un-weighted sequential algorithm.


The purpose of the study is to develop "Electrical and Electronic Technical Creativity Scale" and to establish the relative norm for 10th grade to 12th grade students in electronic and electric cluster program in vocational high schools in Taipei City. A total of 2,410 students were sampled; however, only 2,191 samples are valid. Among twenty proposed themes of the tests, rechargeable electric toothbrush is adopted after two rounds of pre-tests. The questionnaire contains open-ended questions to assess participants' performance on fluency, flexibility, originality, and practicability. Based on the data analysis, from the perspective of age difference, twelfth-grader student in vocational high schools perform better than the other graders on fluency, flexibility, and practicability, while there are no significant differences between 10th grade students and 12th grade students. Besides, eleventh and twelfth graders perform better than tenth-graders on originality, while no marked differences is found between eleventh and twelfth graders. As far as gender difference is concerned, no significance difference is discovered between male and female students. From the perspective of public and private schools, no distinct difference is found between the two, either. Both scorer reliability and test-retest reliability are employed for reliability verification. In light of validity, content validity is adapted. Also, three creativity tests are used to establish criterion-related validity. In addition, group difference analysis between students who are winners of science fair projects and general students is used to verify construct validity. On the whole, reliability and validity of the research are well verified, which can serve as not only teaching diagnosis for colleges but also assessment tools for experiments in the teaching practicum of electronics and electrics. Last but not least, the results can function as technical creativity diagnosis and assessment tools for the recruitment in the field of electronics and electrics.


Wireless networks based on the IEEE 802.11 Media Access Control protocol are used widely for many applications. However, in certain situations, severe unfairness arises between flows that share the wireless channel in a spatial region. In this paper, we identify several different scenarios that can arise for two contending flows, perform theoretical analysis on the fairness in each of the scenarios, and propose a probabilistic model for one of the scenarios that can be extended to the others. We find that our analysis matches previous research on presence of unfairness, and identify the incomplete symmetric information problem that leads to short term unfairness. The analysis and the probabilistic model are validated through experimental results.


The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for controlling connection of a control and provisioning of wireless access points (Capwap) tunnel. The method comprises the following steps of: when an access controller (AC) retransmits a round of Echo Request message, if the message is not successfully retransmitted, judging whether the utilization rate of a central processing unit (CPU) of the AC is greater than a preset threshold value or whether a data channel of the Capwap tunnel works normally; and if the utilization rate of the CPU of the AC is greater than the preset threshold value, or the data channel of the Capwap tunnel works normally, increasing the maximum retransmission times of an Echo Request message, and continuously retransmitting the message according to a regulated maximum retransmission times. According to the method and the device, when the utilization rate of the CPU of the AC is greater or single threaded apartment (STA) data traffic is relatively high, the data channel works normally, and the Echo Request message cannot be normally scheduled in a control channel, the connection of the Capwap tunnel can be maintained to the maximum extent, the reliability and stability of the connection of the Capwap tunnel can be improved, and the stability and reliability of a wireless local area network (WLAN) service can be ensured.


Foreign investment in telecommunications in Latin America has amounted to over $110 billion since 1990, more than for all other developing countries combined. Only one in four of the poorest Latin Americans has a telephone line; competitive markets and policies promoting access can help narrow the connectivity gap between rich and poor.


At the World Conference on Tobacco or Health in South Africa last year, Kelley Lee, a professor of globalization and health at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, was shocked to see several academics escorted out. They appeared "very upset," and she learned they were Taiwanese scholars.


In a social live of a society, there are many injustices happen which can lead to create a social criticism. Poetry is a type of literature work which contains many social criticism. There are a lot of Enzensberger's verses or rymes that give a comment or involve itself to into the middle-class society. In this study, The writer wants to find out the type of the social criticism which is presented in verses or rymes of the poetry by Hans Magnus Enzensberger. The research question of this study is what types of social criticism which are contained in the poetry collection created by Hans Magnus Enzensberger? The objective of this study is to describe the types of social criticism which are contained in the poetry collection created by Hans Magnus Enzensberger. This study is designed based on qualitative descriptive study. This study applies a content analysis technique. Results of this study showed that of the 8 analyzed poem, found 4 types of social criticism, namely (1) social criticism in politic area, (2) social criticism in injustice area, (3) social criticism in knowledge area and (4) social criticism in religion area. Social criticism in politic area consists of (a) young German must be careful of the danger of fascism in Germany, (b) The investors have a lot of debt, thus damaging impact on the country and the middle class, (c) Small peoples are victims of the communist party behavior, (d) The criminals fighting over power and letting his generation like them. Then the social criticism in injustice area is the failure of government's program to reduce poverty which makes the growing number of beggars and homeless drifter in the town corner. Social criticism of knowledge area consists of suggests that someone can create an alteration to his physical live and then do positive things, (b) German society is less able to control the emotions associated with the past.. Furthermore, the social criticism in religion area is God does not let the cruel rulers to rule forever in this world Keyword : a social criticism, a poetry


Connecting with the work practice, this paper expounds the problems appearing easily in the paper literature protection under the environment of open service of university library, and advances some corresponding measures for solving these problems.


ABSTRACT For recent ecocritics, such as Timothy Morton, 'hyperobjects', such as global warming and mass extinctions can be statistically proven to exist, but are 'withdrawn' from our immediate perception. These phenomena therefore challenge common Enlightenment models of perception – with disastrous consequences for the planet. This article argues that in order to find useful precursors to this 'new' outlook, we should consider certain neglected eighteenth-century ways of thinking: specifically, the analogical philosophy of Joseph Butler. Taking as its test case a heretofore little-known sermon by the brothers Joseph and Thomas Warton, this article argues that Butler's analogising shows us that the attempt to understand massively entangled systems precedes the 'modern', which Bruno Latour claims we have never been.


In 2001, the Cooperativa Agropecuária Castrolanda decided to implant a system of certification and traceability to preserve the identity of soybean and became one of the pioneers in the creation of this system on the State of Parana. This decision occurred in function of identified opportunity – facility of access on market and differentiation of its products – due to uncertainness ambience marked for technologic, economics and institutional factors. Insert on this ambience of uncertainness, the aim of this paper is to evaluate, through of study of case, the take of decision of Cooperativa Agropecuária Castrolanda through a cost-benefit's analyze of its traceability system to preservation of identity of soybean. Key-words: Take of decision; Productive opportunities; Uncertainness; Certification; Traceability; cost-benefit's analyze. Área IV Agricultura e Ageonegócio Paranaense 1 Este trabalho é resultado das pesquisas desenvolvidas no âmbito do projeto Co-Extra (Coexistence and Traceability) financiados pela União Européia das quais fizeram parte do objeto da pesquisa, além da Cooperativa Agropecuária Castrolanda, a Cooperativa Agrária Mista de Entre Rios e a indústria Imcopa Importação, Exportação e Indústria de Óleos Ltda. 2 Professor da Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR. Endereço eletrônico: email@example.com 3 Professor da Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR. Endereço eletrônico: email@example.com


If I tell you that this is the greatest good for a human being, to engage every day in arguments about virtue and the other things you have heard me talk about, examining both myself and others, and if I tell you that the unexamined life is not worth living for a human being, you will be even less likely to believe what I am saying. But that's the way it is, gentlemen, as I claim, though it's not easy to convince you of it. (Socrates, in Plato, Apology 38A, as quoted by Nussbaum, 1997, p. 15)


To measure regional stillbirth rate, to classify according to CODAC and to determine the sociodemographic, maternal, fetal, and intrapartum factors of stillbirths. This was a crosssectional, cohort study conducted over a year between April 2016 to March 2017 in a teaching hospital, Government Medical college and hospital, Nagpur, which is a tertiary care center located centrally in India. All the deliveries occurring during study period were evaluated, and stillbirths at ≥28 weeks of gestation (antepartum or intrapartum) or birth weight ≥1000grams studied. Risk factors were identified and cause of stillbirth was classified according to Cause of death and associated conditions (CODAC) classification. Stillbirth rate was 34.9/1000. 316 (84.49%) were antepartum and 58(15.5%) were intrapartum deaths. Total 48.6% stillbirths occurred to the women in the age group of 21-25 years. Most of the stillbirths were preterm (65%). 41.42% babies had low birth weight. More than half of the stillbirths were associated Epidemiology of stillbirth: A cross-sectional study in a tertiary care center located in central India Moushmi B. Parpillewar, Suchita R. Mundle, Juzar I. Fidvi 3


Requirements for spaceflight experments which involve higher plants were determined. The plants are studied for use in controlled ecological life support systems (CELSS). Two categories of research requirements are discussed: (1) the physical needs which include nutrient, water and gas exchange requirements; (2) the biological and physiological functions which affect plants in zero gravity environments. Physical problems studies are given the priority since they affect all biological experiments.


This paper discusses the relevant literatures with regard to the conceptualization of accountability from different perspectives, particularly from private and public sector. The importance of discharging accountability and related problems are also discussed in the paper. The next section of the paper deals with the linkages between accountability and performance measurement system comprising the issues of using performance measurement in the public sector and other implementation issues. The discussion of these issues is then relates to the philosophy of new public management (NPM) being adopted by public sector. The conflicting results on the roles of NPM in enhancing effectiveness are also being articulated, blending together the human aspects and the cultural values as pre-requisites for the success. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the School of Accountancy, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia.


The morphology, biological characteristics and control methods of west corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Leconte) are introduced, meanwhile the possibility of this pest in invading China is predicted,and the potential economic lost in Chinese agriculture is evaluated.


Objective To discuss the effects of non-invasive bi-level positive airway pressure treating in moderate and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods Control group was treated by traditional methods with anti-inflammatory,expectorant,cough,asthma.Study group was treated by non-invasive bi-level positive airway pressure based on the methods of control group.Results The index in study group was recovered from 2nd day of treatment,and to level before treatment in 5th day.The index in control group was recovered to level before treatment in 7th day.Complications of study group were significantly lower than control group,and the average hospital stay time were significantly less than control group(P0.05).Conclusion It has good effects of non-invasive bi-level positive airway pressure treating in moderate and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


The hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic syndrome, first reported in 1957,' is being diagnosed with greater frequency.' Several cases have been reported of this syndrome being precipitated by treatment with diuretics, especially thiazide diuretics and frusemide.3-9 Diuretic treatment lasted from 15 days4 to 4 years" before the syndrome developed. We reviewed the case notes of a consecutive series of 11 patients with the hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic syndrome to find out how often diuretic


One of the most crucial magnetic resonance (MR) safety concerns is related to excessive heating of metallic implants by the radio frequency (RF) magnetic field. In this study, heating by the MR imaging (MRI) RF magnetic field of bare and insulated wires was evaluated to model the heating of medical lead wires. Currents induced in the wire were calculated using the method of moments. The electric field in the tissue surrounding the wire was calculated to determine the power deposition. From the power, the temperature rise was calculated using the bioheat equation. For bare wires, the calculated and maximal temperature rise, which is about 28/spl deg/C, occurred for a length of 20 cm. For lengths exceeding 20 cm, temperature rises for the insulated wires were greater, and the resonance length exceeded 40 cm.


To use a survey to determine the incidence of complications and adverse events in individuals with permanent cosmetics (e.g., tattooed eyeliner, eyebrows, lips, cheeks, etc.) who underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.


This report is the first deliverable for WorkPackage 2 "Channel Models". It comprises an overview of the most relevant and important research efforts and results on radio channel modelling done so far. These state-of-the-art channel models are of particular interest for state-of-the-art radio communication systems and networks like UMTS and WLAN. The main source of information are recent studies and results by B4 partners and contributions from other institutions to COST projects [COST99], [COST00]. This report does not contain results of ongoing research activities within the WorkPackage as these will be presented in the following deliverables. Key word list: Radio wave propagation, Channel modelling Confidentiality: BR@H PUBLIC 1 XXX: name of the partner producing the report TU/e, Philips, Agere or KPN Y: the number of the WorkPackage from which the report is originated 1, 2, ..., 8 DDD: distribution classification level PUB (public), INT (internal), ... NN: a (two) digit serial number associated to each partner, which is increased for each document created by the partner, regardless of the document type. VV: a (two) digit serial number associated to each document, which is increased for each version of the document.


A HEALTH education poster campaign in primary schools was launched as part of a strategy to combat glue-sniffing. Six different posters were commis sioned, and evaluation sought to discover which was most effective. Over 200 children and adults took part in the survey, which discovered a unanimity of view among both groups.


Microstructures and mechanical properties of interface between porcelain and Ni–Cr alloy have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Xray diffraction analyzer (XRD) and electronic universal testing machine. Experimental results show that there exists a reaction layer in the Ni–Cr/porcelain bond interface and the thickness of the reaction layer


(1.1) f(z) = a1z + a2z 2 + a3z 3 + · · · , with a1 = 1. Let S be the set all functions f ∈ A that are univalent in D. Denote by S∗, the family of functions f in A such that f(D) is a starlike domain with respect to the origin. The family of all functions f ∈ A for which f(D) is a convex domain is denoted by C (see [6, 26]). In 1985, de Branges [5] solved the popular Bieberbach conjecture, which was conjectured in 1916 by Bieberbach, which states that the Taylor coefficients an of functions f ∈ S of the form (1.1) satisfy the inequality |an| ≤ n and furthermore, equality could occur if f is some rotation of the Koebe function k(z) := z/(1 − z). Similarly, the problem of estimating sharp bound for successive coefficients, namely, |an+1| − |an|, is also an interesting coefficient problem for a function to be in class S. This problem was first studied by Goluzin [8] with an idea to solve the Bieberbach conjecture. Hayman [10] proved ∣


Hypoxic/ischemic condition induces the neuronal apoptotic events, consequently resulting in neuronal damages. Cobalt chloride (CoCl₂) could mimic the hypoxic condition including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study aimed to investigate the roles of Bcl-2 family and caspases as central regulators of apoptosis, in CoCl₂-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay and DNA fragmentation was detected by DNA laddering. The expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, Bid, cytochrome c and Fas/APO-1 were determined by RT-PCR or Western blotting analysis in CoCl₂-treated PC12 cells. Caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities were assessed using spectrophotometry and caspase-8 activity was measured with fluorospectrocytometry. Administration of CoCl₂ decreased viability of cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, fragmentation of the genomic DNA and apoptotic bodies were induced in CoCl₂-treated PC12 cells. Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family, was downregulated, whereas Bax, pro-apoptotic molecule, was upregulated in CoCl₂-treated cells. Treatment of CoCl₂ augumented the release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm and increase of caspase-8, -9, and -3 activities. In addition, CoCl₂ upregulated Fas and downregulated pro-Bid, which are known to be correlated with death receptor-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway. Therefore, these results suggest that Bcl-2 family and caspase play crucial roles in CoCl₂-induced apoptosis through mitochondria- and death receptor-dependent pathways in PC12 cells.


This study implements a structural econometric model of aggregate imports which incorporate exogenous prices to explain import behaviour in Nigeria relative to foreign exchange availability. Traditional models estimate import demand as a function of relative prices (the real exchange rate), and income (gross domestic product), but omit changes in foreign exchange level. In the 1980's, Nigeria experienced declines in foreign lending and increased debt service costs. These tended to reduce foreign exchange availability and limited the import capacity of Nigeria. This same approach was used by Moran ( 1987 ) for the developing and the developed countries from 1970 – 1983. Three models were tested to determine the superiority of one over others. These models include- General Model, Traditional Model and Hemphill Model. Based on the f-test, the general import model performed better than the other two and this model was used to test comprehensively and analyze import behaviour in Nigeria. The general import model equation 12 was used to test import behaviour for Nigeria. The results obtained using model 12 suggest that although price and income effects are important in the analysis of import behaviour in Nigeria, foreign exchange constraints also play a crucial role in determining import demand, as it strongly affects import volumes. Ghana Journal of Development Studies Vol. 4 (21) 2007: pp. 102-116


The more recent definition of secondary synthesis is the chemical modification of the framework of an existing zeolite to produce a new zeolite composition. The newer definition would also include hydrothermally stabilized zeolites.


Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a fast and simple technique for functional group identification. This work provides a review and insight into the application and interpretation of FTIR spectroscopy for cementitious binders that comprise ordinary Portland cement, alkaline-activated binders, geopolymers, and material characterization for civil engineering material applications. This technique can be used to identify different compounds and a moiety of bond vibrations in inorganic molecules such as Si-O, -OH, H-O-H (water), C-O (carbonate or carbonation), aluminosilicate (Si-O-T, where T is Al or Si), and S-O (sulfate or gypsum) found in hydrated cement, alkaline binders, and geopolymers. The prominent bands include those representing carbonation (CO32− 1390–1475 cm−1), calcium carbonate (871, 1792–2516 cm−1), hydroxylation and water molecules (1607, 3400–3650 cm−1), strength skeletal framework compositions or Al-Si substitutions, silicate organization (C-A-S-H, N-A-S-H, or C-S-H (950–1055 cm−1), and sulfate (600–680, 1080–1100 cm−1). Some of the factors that could affect the spectra bands include elemental displacement due to changes in molar mass, activated temperature, pH, activator concentration, w/b ratio, Ca/Si ratio, Si/Al ratio, and the silica modulus (SiO2/Na2O) of the activators used in the binder synthesis. The method could be used for destructive and non-destructive testing on paste sample by using transmission and attenuated total reflectance methods, respectively.


T he Devonian Period was an important episode in the history of the Earth. For the first time, the land surface began to show a noticeable hint of green from terrestrial plant life, which evolved from simple, ground-hugging forms early in the period to great trees late in the period. Concurrent with the proliferation of forests, vertebrates began their first tentative forays out of the water. The warm, tropical seas accumulated limy sediments that would become economically important deposits of limestone, and the organic remains of countless organisms that flourished in Devonian marine waters became a source of hydrocarbons. During this 48-million-year span, beginning about 408 million years ago and ending about 360 million years ago, Ohio was just south of the Equator and experienced a warm, tropical climate. The Devonian System was named in 1839 by Roderick Murchison and Adam Sedgwick for a series of greatly disturbed sedimentary rocks that lay between the Silurian and the Carboniferous rocks in Britain. Corals found in thin marine beds in these rocks in Devonshire, England, were determined by paleontologist William Lonsdale to be intermediate between those of the Silurian and those of the Carboniferous; therefore, Murchison and Sedgwick proposed a new geologic system named after the province where the corals were obtained. Most of the Devonian rocks in Britain consist of a thick series of reddish sandstones, shales, and conglomerates that collectively were named the Old Red Sandstone. The Old Red Sandstone was made famous by Hugh Miller, a selfeducated Scottish quarryman who collected and studied fossil fishes from these rocks. Miller's 1841 book, The Old Red Sandstone, is a classic in geology.


Abstract Disclinations, dispirations and point-like impurities in ferroelectric chiral smectic C liquid crystals are shortly reviewed and their importance namely in structural transitions is stressed.


College student apartment management was put forward in 1987.Since the January of 2000,national university rear service socialization is developing fast,and the membership of student apartment is also changing quietly,which is just unfolding the management model of student apartments.This article puts forward the future development direction of management model of student apartments through the literature and empirical study of student apartment management,and through the clarification of the problems in student apartments in the socialization process.


Plio-Pleistocene marine marls and clays from southern Italy often have weak natural remanent magnetizations (NRM) and show poor thermal demagnetization results. Some random scatter appears after treatment at higher temperatures, due to the low remaining intensities and promoted by the acquisition of viscous magnetizations. Since these problems hamper a uniform analysis of the demagnetization results, a method is proposed to improve their representation and interpretation. A (simple) stacking routine reduces the amount of scatter considerably and makes it possible to separate different NRM components in a more consistent and reliable manner. In addition, the construction of NRM-decay curves is more straightforward from stacked diagrams and thus a more accurate information is obtained about the remanence carrying minerals. The application to two sites from southern Italy serves as an illustration for the method.


Ungentle Goodnights is two books in one beautiful package. It is an institutional history of the United States Naval Asylum/Home. It is also a prosopography of many of the hundreds of U.S. Navy sailors and marines who lived there after long careers of active service. The beautiful hardcover package includes a lavish illustration of the asylum in the endpapers. In its beautiful endpapers, as well as the institutional history part of the book, Ungentle Goodnights evokes histories of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The prosopographical parts of the book are a "new military history" look at the lives of ordinary men who served in the U.S. Navy of the early American republic. McKee uses records from the National Archives and the U.S. Naval Academy's Nimitz library to track down stories of the 541 men, sailors or marines, who entered the U.S. Naval Asylum between 1831 and 1865. Three quarters of these men died at the asylum. After the first four chapters, on which more later, each chapter centers around a theme and tells the story of a handful of the Asylum's "beneficiaries" whose lives relate to that theme. Themes include work at the Asylum, mental illness, alcoholism, discipline, departure from the Asylum, death, et cetera. McKee makes a case that tracing the lives of sailors and marines at the Asylum backwards from their time in the Asylum gives historians a better, more accurate understanding of the lived experiences of sailors and marines. He points out that sailors' autobiographies of the nineteenth century are liable to be either fake or exaggerated, and are in any case exceptional. The lives he focuses on, McKee argues, are more typical. Readers get a sense of what "Jack Tar's" experience was in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Through individual stories, readers learn of a navy force that is surprisingly international, with many sailors born somewhere in northern Europe. McKee also notes a large number of beneficiaries from the Mid-Atlantic states, and a large number who came to the Navy after stints as farmers, tanners, or some other career. McKee returns often to the stereotype of the "drunken sailor," finding that alcoholism was rampant among inmates at the Asylum. At


2 Abstract: An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field of the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from December, 2006 to June, 2007 study the relative performance of inbred and hybrid rice varieties at different levels of phosphorus. Three varieties of inbred and hybrid rice (BRRI dhan 29, Aloron and Hira-2) and five levels of phosphorus (0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 Kg P O ha ) were the treatment variables. The 25 1 experiment was laid out fallowing spilt plot design with three replications having varieties in the main plot and phosphorus rate in the sub-plot. Plant height and growth rate varied significantly due to the variations of variety. At all the growth stages the tallest plant was observed with 96 kg P ha which was statistically at par 1


Thank you very much for downloading thinking about the family views of the parents and children. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their favorite readings like this thinking about the family views of the parents and children, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious virus inside their computer.


A circuit and method are given, to realize a loudness control for mobile phone earpieces and speakers with the help of a proximity sensor, which is realized as an infrared photo-electric guard circuit, where only very few external parts are needed. As a novelty here, the necessary photo sensors are integrated onto a single chip. To form the photodiodes within a single IC together with the other circuit elements are much less expensive. Using the advantages of that solution the circuit of the invention is manufactured with standard CMOS technology and only very few discrete external components. This solution reduces also power consumption and manufacturing cost.


DANI KURNIAWAN. Analysis the Drying of Making Papaya Fruit leather Process. Supervised by ROKHANI HASBULLAH. Papaya is a perishable horticultural products. To increase shelf life and added value of the fruit, papaya can be processed into semi-moisturized products such as "fruit leather". The purpose of this study was to determine blanching temperature and drying temperature optimum in the production of papaya fruit leather. The study used papaya Calina IPB-9 with a maturity of 85% 90%. The temperature blanching performed 80 C, 90 C, and 100 C, and the control (without blanching). While the temperature treatment of the drying is 40 C, 50 C, and 60 C. The results showed that blanching treatment was not significant effect on drying rate and quality of papaya fruit leather. Without blanching treatment produce slight frown and bright colors of fruit leather, and also the fruit leather has the scent of papaya fruit. Drying treatment was significant effect on drying rate and quality of fruit leather. The higher of drying temperature increase the drying rate, but fruit leather has a high wrinkles and dark colors. The result showed that without blanching and drying at a temperature of 40 C are optimum operation in production papaya fruit leather.


Of Dolores Daugherty, the gleaming White thigh of Connie Metz, dropping one dime Into the offering and keeping one For myself, repeating my own story Of lust and greed, certain I could repent Like the thief on the cross, be forgiven Like the Prodigal Son if I could make Myself say ''I'm sorry,'' open my mouth As I did for hymns, lip-synching the words To the earnest voice of Waldo Braughler, My lips forming penance, then snickering Like the Pharisees when Waldo started Paul on the road to Damascus because I had learned it was epilepsy, not The bright light of God, that converted him.


Message to the 17th Legislature, Jan, 1881.-Appropirations and expenditures under the control of the Governor.-The sale and exchange of lands.-On quarantine


This paper investigates the impacts of major natural resource discoveries since 1960 on life expectancy in the nations that they were resource poor prior to the discoveries. Previous literature explains the relation between nations wealth and life expectancy, but it has been silent about the impacts of resource discoveries on life expectancy. We attempt to fill this gap in this study. An important advantage of this study is that as the previous researchers argued resource discovery could be an exogenous variable. We use longitudinal data from 1960 to 2014 and we apply three modern empirical methods including Difference-in-Differences, Event studies, and Synthetic Control approach, to investigate the main question of the research which is 'how resource discoveries affect life expectancy?'. The findings show that resource discoveries in Ecuador, Yemen, Oman, and Equatorial Guinea have positive and significant impacts on life expectancy, but the effects for the European countries are mostly negative.


Many numerical methods have been developed and modified to solve nonlinear least squares (NLS) problems as unconstrained optimization problems. One of the challenges regarding the existing numerical methods in solving NLS problems is expensive computation of the Hessian matrix at every iteration. Hence, most numerical methods employ a truncated Hessian, which, if the residuals are large, it may not be a good approximation of the Hessian matrix. In this paper, the approximate greatest descent (AGD) method is proposed to solve NLS problems. The algorithm of the AGD method, which uses the full Hessian matrix, is constructed in a logical, rational, and geometrical way. Numerical differentiation is employed to numerically calculate the derivatives of the function. The convergence analysis of the AGD method is following the Lyapunov function theorem whereby monotonic decreasing property and properly nested level sets of the objective function ensures its convergence. Coincidentally, the iterative equation of the AGD method resembles the Levenberg-Marquadrt (LM) method, even though both methods derived differently. Numerical experiments have shown that both AGD and LM methods are able to produce stable trajectories. The AGD method, on the ° ther hand, is more efficient, reliable, and robust because convergence can be achieved with fewer iterations in less time.


This study presents an overview of VoiceTra, which was developed by NICT and released as the world's first network-based multilingual speech-to-speech translation system for smartphones, and describes in detail its multilingual speech recognition, its multilingual translation, and its multilingual speech synthesis in regards to field experiments. We show the effects of system updates using the data collected from field experiments to improve our acoustic and language models.


This paper presents a speed guiding system that is based on an automatic traffic management and real-time traffic flow measuring system. A speech phrase is selected to be the speed data record. Speech data is extracted by digitally processing the speech signal.


Abstract : The problem raised in this research is the effect of the training Plantar flexor exercise for flexibility foot Extention swimming ekstrakurikuler SMA 5 N pekanbaru,. The research aims to determine the effect of Plantar flexor exercise for flexibility foot Extention swimming ekstrakurikuler SMA 5 N pekanbaru.These research is pra experimental, the one group pretest – posttest design. The research was conducted in SMA 5 pekanbaru,The sample of this study of 10 people. Research data collected through the initial pretest and posttest with the flexibility foot extention test. The data were analyzed descriptive, then further research is done to test the hypothesis that has been asked in the problem, namely : there are plantar flexor exercise effect on  flexibility foot extention for swimming ekstrakurikuler SMA 5 N pekanbaru,. Based on t test analysis produces large t hitung 15,15 and as much as 1,812 t tabel . Means t hitung >  t tabel . It can be concluded that Ho denied and H1 accepted. It can be concluded that there is significant effect of the training Plantar flexor (X) and flexibility foot extention (Y)swimming ekstrakurikuler SMA 5 N  Pekanbaru. Keywords : Plantar flexor, flexibility foot extention .


The theory of graduation discusses methods of obtaining a smoothed series of values of a function from a given empirical set of values. This is usually done by replacing each observation by a weighted average of it and neighbouring observations. Thus if {xi} (i = 0, ± 1, …) is a sequence of values, we can replace them by the series where the A's are constants which are chosen in some suitable manner. If we regard the xi as the sum of a functional part fi and an error term εi we may attempt to choose the A's in such a way that the functional part is reproduced as well as possible, e.g. that for some desired type of function. If this is so and the error terms εi are independently distributed with zero mean and finite standard deviation σ, we find that where the ηi are a series of random variables which are no longer independent of each other but which have zero mean and a standard deviation σ1 such that


GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT ABSTRACT A new avermectin microemulsion formulation was prepared containing organosilicon cosurfactant (glucosamide-based tetrasiloxane surfactants: TGA-2). The surface and spreading properties of avermectin microemulsions were evaluated. The results show that the avermectin microemulsions follow the oil-in-water model, and have a good solubilizing effect on avermectin. The microemulsions show a low contact angle, and low surface tension in the presence of TGA-2. So TGA-2 has potential applications as spreading agent.


Wavelet analysis is often used in image fusion. Using steerable filters in wavelet analysis, a new algorithm is proposed in the paper. In the algorithm, steerable filters were used to calculate local energy in detail information of all orientations after images were decomposed by wavelet, then they were fused based on the measure of local energy. The experimental result shows that the new algorithm is better than traditional wavelet fusion algorithm and the result is effective.


The growth of diamond films synthesized by the hot filament chemical vapor deposition method has been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The smooth (100) faces of micron-sized diamond crystallites were found to exhibit pyramidal shaped architecture at the nano level. The STM data for chemical vapor deposited diamond is analyzed in the light of recently developed dynamical scaling approach. The value of the scaling exponent α≅0.85 signifies a growth primarily driven by the transport of reacting species on the surface rather than molecular diffusion in gas phase.


Using very small, well-conditioned systems of equations, the performance of least-squares solutions has been compared to the performance of the maximum likelihood solution for Poisson data. It is shown that, at count rates normally encountered in PET (positron emission tomography) or SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) least-squares methods employing appropriate error weighting perform nearly equivalently to the maximum likelihood method. This suggests that simple schemes for estimating appropriate weights may lead to reconstruction methods having performance equivalent to maximum likelihood using the expectation maximization algorithm but with greatly reduced computation.<<ETX>>


Parker, Keli Siqueiros. M.S., Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Wright State University, 2011. Multilevel Hadamard Matrices. Multilevel Hadamard Matrices (MHMs) have been examined by Trihn, Fan, and Gabidulin for constructions of multilevel zero-correlation zone sequences, which in turn have useful application in quasi-synchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. Subsequently, Adams, Crawford, Greeley, Lee and Murugan introduced a construction of full-rate circulant MHMs and proved the existence of an order n MHM with n elements of distinct absolute value for all n, thus determining the maximum number of distinct elements permissible in an order n MHM to be the greatest possible. We give a survey of MHMs, in particular examining the circulant case and the methods for studying such objects. We provide several observations regarding Adams' construction, discuss the characterization of circulant matrices H satisfying HH = wI for orders 3 and 4, and give new constructions for other orders of MHMs.


Intelligence production is a vital state function that supports military and policy decision Lefebvre, 2004) and, with today's " information tsunami " only gaining strength, it is increasingly 2002). While the intelligence function goes largely unnoticed by the public eye, intelligence failures that significantly impact human lives or international relations bring it acutely into the spotlight. Recent intelligence failures, such as those associated with the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the U.S. and misjudgment of Iraqi WMD capability, drew considerable public attention to the intelligence community and triggered a number of commissions of inquiry tasked with Although intelligence misjudgments are inevitable due to the uncertainty of events and inherent low predictability of human behavior (Brady, 1993; Heuer, 1999), the tendency to form poor judgments may be affected by several factors, including poor leadership, lack of inter-organizational coordination and information sharing (Hulnick, 2008), low quality of available information (Pritchard & Goodman, 2009), misinterpretation of available information due to


Moderate state abortion legislation was associated with lower rates of maternal, fetal, and infant mortality but not lower all-cause mortality in reproductive-aged females, compared with restrictive laws. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between state-level abortion legislation and all-cause mortality among all females of reproductive age and maternal, fetal, and infant mortality. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's WONDER (Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research) database. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate the association between supportive, moderate, and restrictive state abortion regulations and all-cause mortality in reproductive-aged females. Secondary outcomes included maternal, fetal, and infant mortality. The association of the number and type of laws on mortality were estimated. RESULTS: Moderate and supportive states were not associated with a significant decrease in all-cause mortality compared with restrictive states. Maternal mortality (per 100,000 live births) was significantly lower in moderate (−5.79, 95% CI −9.88 to −1.70) compared with restrictive states, but not supportive states (−2.51, 95% CI −6.75 to 1.72). Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) was significantly lower in both moderate (−0.56, 95% CI −1.09 to −0.04) and supportive (−1.10, 95% CI −1.56 to −0.64) states. Fetal mortality was lower in moderate states (−0.69, 95% CI −1.18 to −0.20) but not in supportive states (−0.64, 95% CI −1.14 to 0.13). Each additional abortion regulation was associated with an increase in maternal mortality (1.09/100,000 live births, 95% CI 0.36–1.82) and infant mortality (0.20/1,000 live births, 95% CI 0.12–0.26). CONCLUSION: Moderate state abortion legislation was associated with lower rates of maternal, fetal, and infant mortality but not lower all-cause mortality in reproductive-aged females compared with restrictive laws. An increasing number of laws restricting abortion was associated with increased maternal and infant mortality.


The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for generating a warning. In this case, a first image from a vehicle surroundings of a vehicle (10) from a first camera angle by a first camera (1R) is detected and a second image of the vehicle environment of the vehicle (10) from a second camera angle by a second camera (1L) detected. Here, the first camera (1R) and the second camera (1L) are arranged two separate, at outer positions of the vehicle (10) cameras in the longitudinal direction (L) or in the transverse direction (Q) of the vehicle (10) are spaced apart. The first and second images overlap in a first intersection region (6, 6 '). A position information, which is a position of an object or a position to be expected of the object with respect to the vehicle (10) is in the first intersection region (6, 6 ') based on the images of the first and second cameras (1R, 1L) certainly. There is a warning is issued, if the position information is in a predetermined warning area in relation to the vehicle (10).


The reduction of Ar*GeCl (Ar* = C6H3-2,6-Trip2; Trip = C6H2-2,4,6-i-Pr3) with one equivalent of potassium leads to the formation of a germanium analogue of an alkyne Ar*GeGeAr* 1; reaction of 1 with 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene yields [Ar*Ge(CH2C(Me)C(Me)CH2)CH2C(Me)=]2 2, which was structurally characterized.


The present article aims at demonstrating how the Ultima Hora (UH), one of the widely-circulated daily-newspapers in Brazil, during that decade, portrayed the events related to Santa Maria hijacking by social groups, at the end of dictatorial regimes in Portugal and Spain. The journal approach was guided by Henrique Galvao, who was appointed as the leader of the whole process and who had eminent domain of covers and editorials during several moments in 1961.


This study follows leadership candidates through the first phase of a comprehensive effort to reform master's-level principal preparation at a large, urban California university. The reforms placed an 18-month field experience at the center of candidates' preparation. Researchers sought to capture the changes over time in candidates' beliefs about school leadership, commitment to the work of school leadership, knowledge of leadership practices that support improved teaching and learning, and capacity to apply those practices. The results reveal marked changes in the majority of candidates' understandings of school leadership. They came to see the work as complex, with all aspects interrelated. They developed deeper recognition of the leader's role in fostering trust and relationships, encouraging collaboration, and building leadership capacity within schools. They conceptualized data as powerful evidence to stimulate urgency for change, and they articulated greater confidence as leaders and change agents. Finally, candidates demonstrated increased understanding of, and ability to enact, specific leadership practices aimed at improving learning results for students in their schools.


The authors discuss results of room-temperature tests at lowered float potentials on cell and battery float characteristics. Also, they describe performance results and quantify improvements achieved in actual battery reserve time, resulting from the introduction of an additional cell into an existing -48 V DC telecommunication battery plant in a working telephone central office. Finally, they discuss the significant capacity (and hence economic) benefits resulting from the introduction of an additional cell into existing telephone battery strings (24 cells per string), without significant change in overall power plant float voltages. It is shown that battery life can be enhanced as much as 25% using low-float technology, and the capacity of a 24-cell battery string can be increased up to 25% by the addition of a 25th cell.<<ETX>>


Objective
To investigate the safety and efficacy of Ivabradine in treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with angina pectoris.

Methods
A total of 32 patients with COPD and angina pectoris were randomly divided into two groups: routine drug treatment group (control group) and Ivabradine (5 mg, twice daily) treatment group (observation group), 16 patients in each group.Heart rates (HR), Borg scores, 6 minutes walk test (6MWT) and the onset times of angina pectoris were recorded one week before enrollment and 1, 4 and 12 weeks after treatment.

Results
In control group, the episodes of angina pectoris was reduced after 12 weeks.In Ivabradine group, HR decreased at 1, 4 and 12 weeks after treatment, episodes of angina pectoris reduced and the distance of 6MWT increased at 4 and 12 weeks after treatment.Compared with the control group, HR was lower while episodes of angina pectoris reduced and the distance of 6MWT increased significantly in Ivabradine group at 1, 4 and 12 weeks after treatment.Borg scores did not show significant difference between the 2 groups.

Conclusions
Ivabradine is safe and effective for the patients with COPD complicated with angina pectoris.Clinical symptoms could be improved by Ivabradine on the basis of routine medication.

Key words:
Ivabradine; Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive; Angina pectoris; 6 minutes walk test


Background: Vitamin D3 is an essential entity involved in regulation of various bodily functions. Recent trends have associated deficiency of this vitamin with various disorders. Anecdotal evidence has suggested that hypovitaminosis D during pregnancy is associated with poorer maternal health outcomes. In this study we have evaluated levels of vitamin D3 in pregnancy and maternal health outcomes. Aim and Objective: To evaluate hypovitaminosis D in pregnancy and correlate it with maternal health outcomes. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 pregnant ladies were evaluated for levels of vitamin D in third trimester of pregnancy and followed up till delivery. Results: There is high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in pregnant ladies evaluated in a tertiary care hospital of Western Maharashtra at 82% (n=123). There was high instance of abnormal/poor maternal health outcomes in patients having hypovitaminosis D. Conclusion: It is noted that vitamin D 3 deficiency is a commonly prevalent disorder in pregnant women in India. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with several maternal complications during pregnancy. Vitamin D3 levels should be routinely monitored and any deficiency should be adequately treated.


This paper introduced the drawing of hydraulic system by means of the graphic controlbase of hydraulic elements,and the automatic modeling technique of hydraulic system by means of the component modeling method


In this article we describe the reception of asylum-seeking separated minors; organisation, rules and routines in daily life. We examine the philosophy behind the reception of separated young people by analysing situations at a group residence. The article is based on aspects of current fieldwork as part of a research project entitled: Behind closed doors – the significance of interpreting to legal rights and integration with a focus on the reception of separated children and young people. The philosophy behind the reception of separated minors is based on ethics of rights, i.e. respect for the individual's rights and equal value. These ethics do, however, not deal with questions of the individual in particular. We would like to see a theoretical development of the parts of the reception process that involve confirming the young person as an individual – a reception process with what we would like to call ethics of grace.


The chamber method is a version of vapor-phase protection of metals from atmospheric corrosion. In this method, thin adsorption films with long-term protective after-effect are formed on the articles by short-term metal treatment with vapors of low-volatile compounds at elevated temperatures. It is rather a new method. Its theoretical bases have been little developed so far and a search for efficient chamber corrosion inhibitors still remains an empirical process. In this study, a combination of physical (ellipsometry, wetting angle measurements), electrochemical (potentiodynamic anodic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and corrosion methods (tests under recurrent moisture condensation conditions) was used to study the properties of adsorption films formed on aluminum alloy AMg6 by the "chamber" method in vapors of amines (octadecylamine, triethanolamine, tribenzylamine and diaminopropane), heterocyclic compounds (Captax, Altax and 3-amino-triazole), carboxylic acids (stearic, oleic, benzoic, succinic, crotonic, neodecanoic, isophthalic, isonicotinic, linolenic, flufenamic, ascorbic acids and carboxylic acid A), as well as salts of carboxylic acid A (with dimethylaminoethanol, urotropine and dimethylbenzylamine). It has been found that chamber treatment of the alloy with the compounds listed above improve its corrosion resistance in a humid atmosphere, though not efficiently enough. The carboxylic acids themselves are most promising agents, and the optimum temperature of surface treatment by these compounds is 140°C. One-hour treatment of steel with vapors of oleic or neodecanoic acids or carboxylic acid A at this temperature creates nano-sized adsorption films on AMg6 alloy. They slightly hydrophilize the surface but possess some protective aftereffect. Further improvement of chamber protection methods for AMg6 alloy should apparently involve the selection of synergents for carboxylate-type chamber corrosion inhibitors.


This article presents a second-order noise-shaping successive-approximation-register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that employs a duty-cycled amplifier and digital-predicted mismatch error shaping (MES). The loop filter is composed of an active amplifier and two cascaded passive integrators to provide a theoretical 30-dB in-band noise attenuation. The amplifier achieves <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$18\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> gain in a power-efficient way thanks to its inverter-based topology and duty-cycled operation. The capacitor mismatch in the digital-to-analog converter (DAC) array is mitigated by first-order MES. A two-level digital prediction scheme is adopted with MES to avoid input range loss. Fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology, the prototype achieves 80-dB peak signal-to-noise-and-distortion-ratio (SNDR) and 98-dB peak spurious-free-dynamic-range (SFDR) in a 31.25-kHz bandwidth with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$16\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> oversampling ratio (OSR), leading to a Schreier figure-of-merit (FoM) of 176.3 dB and a Walden FoM of 14.3 fJ/conversion-step.


Mary Dowell-Jones' book, based on a doctoral dissertation, poses a challenge to proponents of economic and social rights generally, and legal specialists on the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) in particular. Her central argument is that 'a key weakness of the Covenant is its macroeconomic decontextualisation: macro-economic insights are rarely, if ever, included in discussion of ICESCR provisions. This lack of interdisciplinary critique is a major impediment to the pragmatic development of a text designed to mandate certain outcomes of economic processes as in conformity with basic standards of humanity' (p. 2). Dowell-Jones seeks to understand from an economic standpoint some of the key phrases of the Covenant, including 'progressive realisation', and 'maximum of available resources', as well as later doctrinal advances such as 'minimum core content' and 'obligations to respect/protect/fulfil'. In the process, she reopens many questions which most human rights lawyers would like to consider closed. But her intention is not to attack or denigrate economic and social rights. Hers is a constructive agenda of improving the capacity of the Covenant and its supervising Committee to strengthen the enjoyment of economic and social rights (cultural rights are, as in much of the literature, pretty much ignored). This study elucidates certain obstacles in the way of implementation of the Covenant that are generally neglected in the literature. The first is the doctrine of 'progressive realisation'. The State's obligation to progressively improve citizens' enjoyment of economic and social rights appears to be premised on a tacit assumption that its economy is also progressively improving. But this is a very outdated developmentalist assumption. As Dowell-Jones points out, economies are neither static nor on a continual growth path. It is difficult to see how States can be held to an obligation to progressively realise rights when their economy stagnates or even collapses. In this context, she argues, the principle of non-retrogression also 'appears to ''punish'' good behaviour: those States parties who implement higher levels of protection are under a more clearly formulated duty than those who do nothing' (p. 52). In practice however, Dowell-Jones discovers that in its consideration of the report of the war-torn and destitute Democratic Republic of Congo, the Committee did not even condemn the failure to satisfy the minimum core content of certain rights as a violation of the Covenant. Thus, the Committee itself turns out to waver over whether even minimum core content obligations are resource-dependent or absolute. The book also makes a valid point regarding the distinction between so-called 'positive' and 'negative' rights. Human rights lawyers have been at pains to demonstrate that an artificial distinction between 'cost-free' civil and political rights PART D: DOCUMENTATION


The business work environment is a factor that fundamentally influences the productivity and results of organizations according to numerous previous studies of different researchers, which affects a number of very broad situations that create the objective of this research. Companies set their goals and try to achieve them in one way or another, but the know-how, generates the big difference that directly and indirectly, impacts the success or failure of companies. Hence, this research identifies and analyzes the need, the causes of inadequate performance and the feasible solutions applicable to the Work Environment and job satisfaction of the companies or work areas. The study was conducted with a sample formed by 645 professionals who work in the state of Baja California, an industrial center of vital importance in Mexico, which is a border with the US state of California. The obtained data gives the opportunity to create categorizations that are useful as indicators and gives a greater knowledge of the causes and variables that induce a crisis in the work and, therefore, require proposals and feasible solutions to be applied. It becomes, then, a challenge for leaders, entrepreneurs, educators and people in general, to be aware of the impact of the work environment


The villagers committee is a self-government organization and its democratic election is the prerequisite for realizing self-government by the villagers in the countryside,which is far-reaching for building a harmonious and new socialist countryside.But there still remains some problems which somewhat affects the present election of some villagers committee.This article points out the existing problems affecting the election of villagers committee and also put forward some countermeasures.


Numerical simulations were performed to study the influence of the inside diameter of the pulse separation device port on the flow features and the local heat transfer characteristics in a dual pulse solid rocket motor. A lower–upper symmetric Gauss–Seidel implicit dual time-stepping method was applied to address the problem of unsteady flow. A high-resolution upwind scheme (AUSMPW+) and Menter's shear stress transport turbulence model were employed to solve the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. The conjugate heat transfer strategy was realized by enforcing a common temperature and heat flux at the fluid–solid interface. After validating the accuracy and reliability of the numerical algorithm by comparison with experimental cases, the internal flow of a dual pulse solid rocket motor was simulated. The results show that the magnitude of the velocity, the wall shear stress, and the turbulent kinetic energy downstream of the pulse separation device port decrease with increasing pulse separation device port diameter. The local heat transfer coefficient increases sharply downstream of the pulse separation device port, reaching a maximum within 1–2 diameters downstream of the pulse separation device port, before relaxing back to the fully developed pipe flow value. The peak value of the local heat transfer coefficient reduces as the pulse separation device port diameter increases. Meanwhile with an increasing pulse separation device port diameter, the position of the peak local heat transfer coefficient moves upstream to the head of the first pulse chamber, and appears upstream of the position of the reattachment point by an average of about 28.6%.


An apparatus for winding a yarn and a method for adjusting the apparatus on a bobbin, wherein a value based on the desired contact pressure Pc of the working bobbin with respect to a predetermined trend of the length of travel of the bobbin, the bobbin holder by the arm providing reverse thrust Ping Heng Pp is applied a desired contact pressure Pc of the bobbin, and the length of travel of the bobbin indicates the weight ratio between the length and indicates the associated rise angle α reaches bobbin holder arm, since the bobbin and by calculating the said arm weight component caused, and reached a reference voltage equal to the length of the thrust reverser component Pp and a preset difference between the contact pressure value Pc.


Cloud computing is increasingly being adopted in different scenarios, like social networking, business applications, scientific experiments, etc. Relying in virtualization technology, the construction of these computing environments targets improvements in the infrastructure, such as power-efficiency and fulfillment of users' SLA specifications. The methodology usually applied is packing all the virtual machines on the proper physical servers. However, failure occurrences in these networked computing systems can induce substantial negative impact on system performance, deviating the system from ours initial objectives. In this work, we propose adapted algorithms to dynamically map virtual machines to physical hosts, in order to improve cloud infrastructure power-efficiency, with low impact on users' required performance. Our decision making algorithms leverage proactive fault-tolerance techniques to deal with systems failures, allied with virtual machine technology to share nodes resources in an accurately and controlled manner. The results indicate that our algorithms perform better targeting power-efficiency and SLA fulfillment, in face of cloud infrastructure failures.


There is extensive empirical evidence that index option prices systematically differ from Black-Scholes prices. Out-of-the-money put prices (and in-the-money call prices) are relatively high compared to the Black-Scholes price. Motivated by these empirical facts, we develop a new discrete-time dynamic model of stock returns with Inverse Gaussian innovations. The model allows for conditional skewness as well as conditional heteroskedasticity and a leverage effect. We present an analytic option pricing formula consistent with this stock return dynamic. An extensive empirical test of the model using S&P500 index options shows that the new Inverse Gaussian GARCH model's performance is superior to a standard existing nested model for out-of-the money puts, thus demonstrating the importance of conditional skewness. The discrete-time Inverse Gaussian GARCH process has two interesting continuous-time limits. One limit is the standard stochastic volatility model of Heston (1993). The other is a pure jump process with stochastic intensity. Using these limit results, an equivalent motivation for our model is that it generalizes standard stochastic volatility models by allowing for "jumps" and other fat-tailed negative movements in stock returns. The empirical results therefore also demonstrate the importance of jumps for the pricing of out-of-the-money puts.