Stage 19 to 20 white leghorn chick embryos were subjected to an operative manipulation in which a wire device was passed under the outflow tract of the cardiac tube, and allowed to remain in place from 24 to 60 hours. The embryos were then permitted to develop until hatching. Twenty-eight embryos, including eight sham operated controls, all of whom were normal, survived to at least the 18th embryonic day, and are included in this report. A spectrum of cardiac anomalies was produced as follows: group 1, widening of the left ventricular outflow tract unassociated with other defects; group 2, widening of the left ventricular outflow tract with a subaortic ventricular septal defect, 0.8 mm or less in its greatest dimension; group 3, a large ventricular septal defect, 1.5 mm or more in its greatest dimension, with varying degrees of abnormal position of the aorta, including "overriding" of the aorta, but with maintenance of continuity between the aortic and mitral valve annuli; group 4, the double outlet syndrome, in which both great vessels arise from the anatomic right ventricle with complete muscular separation between the aortic and mitral valves. In the time period studied, the double outlet syndrome represents the extreme of the continuum. However, it is possible that other forms of this spectrum exist, some perhaps incompatible with embryonic life, and that these may be produced by changing the experimental technique.


Objective To study the correlation of genetic susceptibility to epithelial ovarian cancer with two single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP),+331G/A(rs10895068) and PROGINS(rs1042838),in the progesterone receptor(PR) gene,and two DNA short tandem repeat(STR) polymorphisms,CAG(GDB:185508) and GGN(GDB:197027),in the androgen receptor(AR) gene.Methods Genotypes of 40 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer and 48 healthy controls were analyzed by the DNA sequencing method.The relationship of genotypes with the risk,stages,and grades of ovarian cancer were analyzed.Results No polymorphisms at the position +331 or PROGINS were detected in ovarian cancer patients and healthy controls,only GG type at the position +331 and CC type in PROGINS.There was no significant difference in CAG or GGN repeats of AR between the two groups,while the short set of GGN repeats increased the risk of ovarian cancer by 2.82 times(P0.05).Neither differentiations nor stages of ovarian cancer were associated with the distribution of STR(P0.05).Conclusion GGN repeat polymorphism of the AR gene is related to the occurrence of epithelial ovarian cancer,and may be one of the main pathogenic factors.


We present in this paper a focusing gamma-ray telescope that has only one goal: addressing the true nature of Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia). This telescope is based on a Laue lens focusing a 100-keV wide energy band centered on 847 keV, which correspond to a bright line emitted by the decay chain of 56Ni, a radioactive element massively produced during SNe Ia events. Spectroscopy and light curve measurements of this gamma-ray line allow direct measurement of the underlying explosion physics and dynamics, and thus discriminate among the competing models. However reaching this goal the observation of several events with high detection significance, meaning more powerful telescopes. The telescope concept we present in this paper is composed of a Laue lens held 30 m apart from the focal instrument (a compact Compton telescope) by an extensible mast. With a 3-sigma sensitivity of 1.8\times10-6 ph/s/cm2 in the 3%-broadened line at 847 keV (in 1Ms observation time), dozens of SNe Ia could be detected per year out to \sim40 Mpc, enough to perform detailed time-evolved spectroscopy on several events each year. This study took place in the framework of the DUAL mission proposal which was recently submitted to ESA for the third medium class mission of the Cosmic Vision program.


As many developed country practise, the function of the infrastructure is to connect the each region of Malaysia holistically and infrastructure is an investment network projects such as transportation water and sewerage, power, communication and irrigations system. Hence, a billions allocations of government income reserved for the sake of the infrastructure development. Towards a successful infrastructure development, a joint venture approach has been promotes by 2016 in one of the government thrust in Construction Industry Transformation Plan which encourage the internationalisation among contractors. However, there is depletion in information on the actual practise of the infrastructure joint venture projects in Malaysia. Therefore, this study attempt to explore the real application of the joint venture in Malaysian infrastructure projects. Using the questionnaire survey, a set of survey question distributed to the targeted respondents. The survey contained three section which the sections are respondent details, organizations background and project capital in infrastructure joint venture project. The results recorded and analyse using SPSS software. The contractors stated that they have implemented the joint venture practice with mostly the client with the usual construction period of the infrastructure project are more than 5 years. Other than that, the study indicates that there are problems in the joint venture project in the perspective of the project capital and the railway infrastructure should be given a highlights in future study due to its high significant in term of cost and technical issues.


Targeted cancer therapies use drugs that specially reach at the affected site block the growth and spread of cancer. They interfere with specific molecules involved in carcinogenesis (the process by which normal cells become cancer cells) and tumor growth. By focusing on molecular and cellular changes that are specific to cancer, targeted cancer therapies may be more effective than current treatments and less harmful to normal cells. Targeted cancer therapies interfere with cancer cell growth and division in different ways and at various points during the development, growth, and spread of cancer. The present article provides an overview of various aspects of cancers and tumors that include causes of the diseases and their underlying biology, existing methods of treatment, major strategies of cancer and tumor targeting and mechanisms of their mode of actions. The review article also presents a current state-of –the art of the cancer targeting approaches and discusses various types of advanced targeting techniques like pH, temperature and magnetic targeting. A brief account of recent literature pertaining to cancer targeting is also discussed.


Based on the method of grey relational analysis, the grey model of information levels of regional economies is established, with the computing method and procedure. This model is applied to three regions of Singapore,Hong kong and Shenzhen. The computing results indicate that the model is available for evaluating the information levels of regional economies.


The design of virtual Javanese gamelan transforms the Javanese gamelan into a modern form through multimedia which can be used as an effective learning media. The development of such media aims at improving the concerns of Indonesian young people to the national cultural assets. One of the efforts is the use of multimedia technology. This design is the implementation of multimedia in Javanese gamelan equipped with menu consisting of some Javanese gamelan sounds which were recorded from some qualified instruments of Javanese gamelan. This virtual gamelan is designed to be played together by using personal computer or laptop in a place in which one laptop plays one instrument of Javanese gamelan. Planned as a learning multimedia of Javanese gamelan arts, this media is used as an early cultural transmission to introduce the Javanese gamelan arts to young people, particularly high school students.

International Scientific Conference, Indonesian Students Association – Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; ISBN 978-983-423-665-6, CS-51, Januari 2011

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251442717_Design_of_Virtual_Javanese_Gamelan_as_Learning_Media


Dynamical Dark Matter (DDM) is an alternative framework for dark-matter physics in which an ensemble of individual constituent fields with a spectrum of masses, lifetimes, and cosmological abundances collectively constitute the dark-matter candidate, and in which the traditional notion of dark-matter stability is replaced by a balancing between lifetimes and abundances across the ensemble. In this talk, we discuss the prospects for distinguishing between DDM ensembles and traditional dark-matter candidates at hadron colliders — and in particular, at the upgraded LHC — via the analysis of event-shape distributions of kine-matic variables. We also examine the correlations between these kinematic variables and other relevant collider variables in order to assess how imposing cuts on these additional variables may distort — for better or worse — their event-shape distributions.


Abstract. Oceanographic data and a dynamic model are used to consider the structure of Persian Gulf outflow. This outflow influences the physical properties of Oman seawater which appear in the CTD profiles of the Oman Sea. The observations show that thickness of the outflow, which is banked against the Oman coasts due to the earth rotation, is about 200 m with tongues extending east and north that may be due to the internal waves. A simple dynamical model of the outflow based on potential vorticity conservation is used to find the horizontal extension of the outflow from the coast. Typical mass transport estimate by the outflow is about 0.4 Sv, which is larger than those reported by others. This may be due to the fact the model is inviscid but the outflow is influenced by the bottom friction. Variability of the outflow structure may reflect the changing ecosystem of the Persian Gulf. Any change of the outflow source, the Persian Gulf Water (PGW), say salinity increase due to excessive evaporation (climate factor) or desalination (anthropogenic factors) of the PGW may change the outflow structure and the product waters in the Oman Sea. Hence, one can test different scenarios of changing the outflow source, the Persian Gulf Water (PGW), say by salinity increase due to excessive evaporation or desalination to estimate changes in the outflow structure and the product waters in the Oman Sea. The results of the model show that these can increase the outflow width and mass transport substantially.


. Most of the dust models underestimate the load of the large dust particles, consider spherical shapes instead of irregular ones


In order to renegotiate the unequal treaties signed at the end of the Edo period (1603-1868), the Japanese government decided to launch a nationwide modernization program. As a consequence, during the Meiji era (1868-1912), the teaching of mathematics and the shape of Japanese books rapidly evolved as Western knowledge and techniques were imported.In this paper, we will concentrate on geometry textbooks published and used in this context and draw a parallel between the history of teaching, the history of mathematics and the history of printing. More specifically, we will show that the textbooks are evidence of a revolution that occurred in printing techniques during the Meiji era, but also that this revolution had an impact on the evolution of the general form of mathematical text during the period.


An instructional feedback model is presented to incorporate such elements as the course objectives, classroom lectures, course materials, and student written responses with the extra instruction obtained during out of class interactions. The value of each phase is described and costs which accompany the benefits of implementing the model are identified. The primary advantage of the instructional feedback model is that the professor can combine in a classroom setting both a technical curiosity among students about specific problems and an encouragement for productive discussions during office visits. Related to the more subjective components of the model, data are collected from several students at two different institutions. Out of class interactions with students are shown to yield extensive benefits and thereby justify the costs. The focus of the paper is to provide insights for beginning instructors who have never taught before and for research professors needing to improve teaching skills. Recommendations are made to enhance these valuable interactions with students.


Alongside celebrations and commemorations, anniversaries prompt reconsiderations of the past, surveys of the present, and anticipations of the future. Representing a wide range of historical, textual, and visual approaches, the nineteen essays collected in Let Us NowPraise FamousMen at 75: Anniversary Essays respond to these impulses and offer an overview of and orientation to James Agee and Walker Evans's innovative and influential 1941 book. Alongside editor Michael A. Lofaro's excellent introductory materials, the essays provide a useful map of the field for specialists and a potential entry point for nonspecialist readers. Noting Agee's layered, experimental prose and Evans's uncaptioned, stark portraits, Lofaro opens his introduction by acknowledging that, as reading Let Us Now Praise Famous Men might induce "an altered state," it is useful to "[b]egin at the beginning" and consider the history of the book (p. 1). While many readers are familiar with this history, it is worth revisiting the conception, composition, and publication of the book as they can help us understand its strangeness and power. Accordingly, Lofaro describes the authors' 1936 sojourn in Alabama, their editorial disputes with two publishing houses, the failure of the original 1941 edition, and its 1960 reissue after Agee had posthumously won the Pulitzer Prize for his novel A Death in the Family (1957). It was only then, twenty-four years after they visited Alabama, that Agee and Evans found an audience who would embrace their work. This new audience, primarily young adults, especially those engaged in civil rights struggles in the South, looked to the book as a guide for understanding the South and rural poverty. This assessment held, and the book has since been seen as a significant, perhaps essential, work of literature, oral history, and documentary photography and a vital example of artistic and literary explorations of class and the South. Lofaro's introduction is followed by a detailed timeline that tracks the development and publication of the book and situates it in the arc of Agee's and Evans's lives. These two chapters ably summarize the book's history, and, through readings of a few distinctive passages from the book and from Agee's archive, the introduction helpfully illustrates Agee's literary ambitions and documentary concepts. In addition to orienting readers to the idiosyncrasies of Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, these introductory materials help frame the ideas explored in many of the essays. Many of the essays in this volume situate Agee and Evans within literary and photographic history, including essays comparing their work with that of Herman Melville, Federico Garcia Lorca, William Wordsworth, and Fyodor Dostoevsky. The most engaging and useful essays explore the connections between literary and visual arts or focus on Agee's and Evans's contributions to documentary and journalistic practice. Anne Bertrand and Jeffrey Couchman ably explore the intersections of the visual and textual, reminding us that photography is central to Let Us Now Praise Famous Men and that throughout his life Agee paid attention to and was engaged with the visual arts. Agee, who 1057 BOOK REVIEWS


Objective To investage the directional differentiation potential of the embryonic stem cells into pituitary-like cells.Methods 129 mouse embryonic stem cells of E14 were cocultured with human amnion for 4 days to induce the embryonic stem cells of E14 into the epidermal stem cells,then the embryonic stem cells and human amnion were transplanted into 129 mice subcutaneouly by aseptic operation.The differentiation was observed by morphological method after 4 weeek.Results After coculture with amnion for 4d,the epidermal-like stem cells clones were formed on the epithelial surface of amnion with high levels of β1 integrin,CK15 and CK19 expressions.The increasing of the graft was obviously at 4 weeks after ransplantation.There were pituitary-like cells formed in the surface of human amnion.Conclusion The preliminary study suggests that the embryonic stem cells have the differentiation potential to form pituitary-like cells at suitable microenviorment.


Decades after the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) issued regulations surrounding sexual harassment, hospital medical centers still struggle to identify and implement policies and practices to proactively address and mitigate occurrences of sexual harassment and gender inequality. An organizational development intervention occurred in which all the female physicians completed a climate survey developed to evaluate the hospital's toxic corporate culture around equity and diversity. Survey responses highlight significant issues of concern around diversity and inclusion from the perspective of women in toxic workplace hospital settings, especially for female physicians.


According to the most recent Census figures, rates of degree attainment vary substantially by race and ethnicity. Asian adults lead all races with 64 percent degree attainment, followed by Whites at 48 percent, and Black, American Indian and Latinx at 32 percent, 25 percent and 25 percent, respectively (Lumina, 2017).12 As a result of the pressing need to close gaps in attainment linked to race and ethnicity, Lumina's Equity Imperative places racial equity at the forefront of their goal to increase the percentage of the population with a high-quality postsecondary credential to 60% by 2025 (Lumina, 2017).


Nontrivial regular polytopes only exist in three and four dimensions. This paper describes a software package that allows to interactively visualize and analyze these regular polytopes. The following four tools are available: Display of the Schlegel diagrams, perspective projections with the possibility of interactively rotating the polytope in three‐/four‐dimensional space before projection, interactive slicing along various directions, cut‐throughs and fold‐downs. Various examples illustrate the approach.


Given a set of horizontal line segments, the hive-graph is a data structure that supports queries of the form \given a point p belonging to a line segment report the segment above (or below) and visible from p", answering in constant time. It has been introduced in a static setting 1]. In this paper we provide algorithms that maintain a hive-graph of a set of n horizontal line segments between two vertical sweep lines. The sweep lines can independently move right and left (giving rise to insertions and deletions of endpoints). Space and update time are O(n) and O(log n), respectively. We retain the optimal query time of the static solution. What we actually maintain is a simpliied version of the original hive-graph, obtained through a relaxation of its constraint on rectangles abutting.


Innovation has impacted the productivity through new organizational practices and has created new paradigms and fledgling businesses roles. The aim of this study was to determine a methodology for product innovation that could relate administrative and technology tools through the endogenous theory's perspective. This work began with a market study and was followed by technology surveillance, concurrent engineering and competitive intelligence. This process allowed the generation of new innovation ideas focused on the philosophy of learning by doing. The obtained results were product of a theoretical-empirical methodology of doing innovation in products at companies. It concluded that, the systematic interrelation between the intensive use of knowledge, organizational practices and ICT, creates the appropriate conditions for innovation in businesses.


Heart failure (HF) is a major health problem for the geriatric population. In the United States, most of the 5 millions patients with HF are elderly.1 Seventy-five percent of HF hospitalizations occurred in patients older than 65 years and 50% in patients 75 years and older.1 In the Framingham population, the prevalence of HF increased eightfold among men from the fifth decade of life to the seventh decade.2 However, despite of considerable improvement in the treatment, the mortality of HF patients remained relatively constant between 1948 and 1997.


With the large-scale integration of the intermittent energy resources, the reserve requirements increase greatly in order to enhance the economic and secure operation of power systems. Controllable load can actively participate in power balance control, which has positive influence on the power system economic operation. The market penetration of LED is forecast using Markov chains. The LED loads are classified as four categories based on the operation modes and then aggregated by Monte Carlo simulations. By setting different illuminances of LED limited by users' satisfaction, reserve capacities provided by LED loads are evaluated. Simulation results according to China solid state lighting alliance (CSA) data demonstrate that large-scale utilization of controllable LED loads will lead to significant potentials of demand-side reserve.


The ureides, allantoin and allantoic acid, are believed to play an important role in the storage and translocation of nitrogen in higher plants. Arginine is a major component in the free amino acid pool in some plants. To investigate the behavior of ureides and free amino acids, especially arginine, in developing Dioscorea opposita plants 'Tsukuneimo', their contents as well as those of water and nitrogen in leaves, stems and tubers were quantitatively analyzed. The content of allantoin in the leaves decreased after any fertilization, while that in the stems did not increase after the 1st fertilization, 96 days after planting; it significantly increased after the 2nd fertilization, 26 days later. Allantoin content in tubers remained constant during tuber development. Arginine content in leaves and stems during the growth of 'Tsukuneimo' were lower than 0.15 and 4.8 μmol·g-1FW, respectively. The time course of arginine in stems content was similar to that of allantoin. In tubers, arginine content at 170 days after planting increased to reach 14 times that at 142 days but then decreased, demonstrating that D. opposita transiently accumulates arginine in stems as well as allantoin in leaves and stems but only accumulates the latter in developing tubers.


IN A rolling mill FUNDICION CONTINUING WITH CONTROL SYSTEM ASSOCIATE THE PROPOSED DESIGN ELEMENTS optimizing the individual plant REGARDING COMBINED ACTION AND THE ELEMENTS OF INDIVIDUAL PLANT way OPERATE COORDINATED TO PRODUCE BANDS OF STEEL ARE SUITABLE FOR FURTHER PROCESSING. Coordination is optimized with neurofuzzy SYSTEM USING PREFERENCE.


As translating strategies,neither 'foreignization' nor 'domestication' has superiority over the other.They are mutually dependent rather than incompatible.Therefore,overemphasis on one is liable to lead to bias against the other.The author of this paper believes that the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend should be encouraged so that different schools of translation studies can compete on the same stage.Only by doing so can we finally usher in a new era of prosperity in translation studies in China.


There is currently a great deal of interest in the streptomyces as producers of antibiotics, but relatively little is known about the mechanisms of intracellular energy supply in this group of organisms. They are aerobes, and carbohydrates serve as an energy source. There is good evidence that the pathways of carbohydrate metabolism in the streptomyces include the glycolysis sequence (Cochrane, 1955), the pentose cycle reactions (Cochrane, Peck, and Harrison, 1953; Ganguly and Roy, 1956; Maitra and Roy, 1959), and the Krebs cycle (Cochrane and Peck, 1953; Nickerson and Ram Mohan, 1953; Ganguly and Roy, 1955). However, the pathway of hydrogen (electron) transfer to molecular oxygen has never been studied in detail. Sato (1940) first reported the presence of cytoehromes in the Actinomyeetes. On the basis of a spectroplhotometric survey of the cytochrome components in 13 Streptomyces species, Heim, Silver, and Birk (1957) concluded that a b-type cytochrome is always present, but in no case were they able to detect cytochrome a and in some species cytochrome c was also apparently missing. They suggested that these organisms may have an atypical respiratory chain that terminates with cytochrome b, and this view was subsequently supported by the partial purification of an autoxidizable b-component from extracts of Streptomyces fradiae (Birk, Silver, and Heim, 1957). These findings are not in accord with the spectroscopic observations of Inoue (1958), who detected a-, b-, and c-type cytochromes in mycelium of Streptomyces griseus. We have verified this observation using cell-free extracts of various streptomyces (Niederpruem and Hackett, 1959). The present paper reports a more complete characterization of the respiratory chain both


The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family (TNF-R; CD40; BAFF-R) plays a key role in neoplastic as well as normal B cell growth and survival mechanisms. TNF receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) is an adapter molecule that regulates several important signaling pathways critical for cell growth and cell survival. It is a member of seven closely related TRAF proteins that serve as signaling molecules, coupling to TNF-receptor superfamily to intracellular signaling, particularly in the CD40 Signalosome. TRAF6 has shown to be over-expressed and play an important role in cell growth and cell survival through the activation of the key transcription factor NF-kB in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma B cells (NHL-B), common B cell neoplasm that have been increasing in recent years. Although much of TRAF-6 functions have focused primarily as an adaptor molecule in signaling pathways in the cytoplasm, the role of TRAF-6 in other cellular compartments has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrate, by confocal microscopy as well as cellular fractionation studies that TRAF-6 resides not only in the cytoplasm but also in the nucleus of lymphoma B cells. Immunoprecipitation studies show that TRAF6 is auto-ubiquitinated in the cytoplasm but not in the nucleus, suggesting that nuclear TRAF6 functions differently than cytoplasmic TRAF6. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChiP) cloning assays using anti-TRAF6 polyclonal antibody reveal over 200 clones, one of which contains a 130 bp fragment belonging to the proximal 5′ end of the c-myb oncogene promoter. Further experiments demonstrate that nuclear TRAF6 co-localized with SUMO1 and c-myb, suggesting that TRAF-6 may enter the nucleus through SUMO1 interaction and serve as an E3 sumo ligase, in addition to its known adapter role in cytoplasmic signaling. Over-expression studies show that TRAF6 enhances c-myb sumoylation in lymphoma B cells, where this oncogene is over-expressed. C-myb correlates with TRAF6 protein and mRNA expressions in NHL-B cells, suggesting that TRAF6 may be involved in the modulation of c-myb expression through sumoylation, regulating key genes that are regulated by c-myb. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting c-myb results in inhibition of lymphoma cell survival, suggesting that SUMO1/TRAF6/c-myb interactions are important in cell survival pathways in aggressive NHL-B. Such pathways could represent novel targets for the development of therapeutic agents for aggressive B cell lymphomas.


Streptomyces is recognized as a crucial generator of bioactive molecules that benefit humanity, such as antibiotics and other medications. The Streptomyces strain obtained from the gut of Apis mellifera yemintica was utilized in this investigation to screen for antibacterial and antiproliferative activities using secondary metabolites. On the basis of morphological and molecular identification, the isolated strain ess_amH1 was confirmed as Streptomyces sp., and phylogenetic tree construction revealed 96% sequence similarity with Streptomyces griseus. The ethyl acetate solvent extract generated from the strain ess_amH1 demonstrated high antibacterial activity against ATCC bacterial pathogens, as well as pathogenic yeast, according to the disc diffusion assay. The ethyl acetate solvent extract also induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity in breast cancer and hepatocarcinoma cell lines, with IC50 concentrations at 50 and 75 µg/mL, respectively. The findings confirm that the Streptomyces sp. strain ess_amH1 isolated from a competitive symbiotic habitat, i.e., the gut of A. mellifera yemintica, produces promising bioactive chemicals.


is a permanent conflict between worker and employer; that the government, when it enters this conflict, always (or almost always) does so on the side of the employer ; that labor unions, to defend themselves, must abandon their futile pressure tactics and form a political party designed to capture state power; and that this state power should be directed to the nationalization of major industries, thereby ushering in the new, socialist, society. With impressive skill Mr. Laski marshals the evidences for his argument, emphasizing the long history of antilabor legislation in England and the United States and the identification of the courts with the interests of the business community. One wonders if his case would have seemed


It had been the rule, in fact, for a new king to take over at least some members of his predecessor's household. At his accession in 1515 Francis reappointed many of Louis XII's officials; and those who were too old or feeble to be of use were pensioned off. Thus at the end of the payroll for the household in 1523 we find a section called: 'Autres officiers qui estoient au feu Roy Loys Lesquelz ont este mis en pension'.' Z


Abstract. The projections of small ice crystals (with maximum dimension P 11 and asymmetry parameter g ) are computed by a ray-tracing code. Compared with previously used models, 3B scatters less light in the forward and more light in the lateral and backward directions. The Chebyshev particles and Gaussian random spheres show smooth and featureless P 11 , whereas droxtals and 3Bs, which have a faceted structure, show several peaks in P 11 associated with angles of minimum deviation. Overall, the difference in the forward (lateral; backward) scattering between models are up to 22% (994%; 132%), 20% (510%; 101%), and 16% (146%; 156%) for small ice crystals with respective area ratios of 0.85, 0.77, and 0.69. The g for different models varies by up to 25%, 23%, and 19% for particles with area ratios of 0.85, 0.77, and 0.69, respectively. Because the single-scattering properties of small ice crystals depend both on the choice of the idealized model and the area ratios used to characterize the small ice crystals, higher resolution observations of small ice crystals or direct observations of their single-scattering properties are required.


Curves of fundamental pitch and relative intensity, both graphed against time, were obtained from approximately 200 subjects. The pitch curves were obtained from oscillograms and from the strobophotographic camera (to be described briefly). The intensity curves were obtained by means of a high speed output‐level indicator, equipped to give a photographic record (to be described). The subjects were divided into groups according to speech training and experience and separate analyses made of the data from each group. Spoken material both factual and informational in content was used, separate analyses again being made for each type of material. The major results consist of a statistical summary of the pitch and intensity characteristics of these voices speaking under the different conditions. A treatment of the role of pitch and intensity in determining emphasis, or stress, and the effect of emotional expression on these sound wave factors, will also be included.


Signed-digit (SD) arithmetic exploits positive and negative digits requiring more than two states. It is long known that an addition using trits, i.e. each digit stores not only a 0 or a 1 but also either 2 or -1, requires only a constant number of steps independent of the operands' word length. However, current processors could not profit from that due to the lack of fast, dense and CMOS compatible memory cells that can store reliably multiple states. Memristors offer these features making it necessary to re-evaluate different SD number representations and to evaluate the consequences of an implementation of a multi-value register file with memristors concerning latency, area and energy consumption. Using memristors as multi-value register reduces latency and area on one side compared to flip-flop based memories. On the other side this requires additional sophisticated control circuitry to implement ADCs/DACs, current limiting circuits and to generate control signals to read, write and erase memristors. The paper determines the break-even points at which ternary circuits attached to memristor based registers show better energy-delay products and less area consumption and how much power consumption these improvements cost. By layout synthesis is shown that ternary adders with trit-storing memristors can reduce the latency for a word length of 16 digits about 19% and about 52% for 512 digits compared to a binary carry-look-ahead (CLA) adder with nearly the same power consumption.


Mesoporous activated carbon with pore width less than 10 nm was prepared with cotton stalk as raw materials and H3PO4as activating agent by one step carbonization method. The property and pore structure of the carbon was characterized by nitrogen adsorption,infrared spectroscopy( FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy( SEM). Main pore characteristics of activated carbon were analyzed by BET equation,HorvathKawazoe BET method and DFT method. Effects of impregnation ratio,carbonization temperature and heat preservation time on the yield,elemental composition and adsorptive capacity of activated carbon were studied.The adsorption capacity of the prepared activated carbon for iodine,2,4-dinitrophenol,lead( Ⅱ) and methylene blue was studied. The optimized preparation conditions are as follow: impregnation ratio of 3 ∶ 2,activation temperature of 500 ℃ and activation time of 2 h. The BET surface area of the activated carbon prepared from cotton stalk reach 1570 m2·g- 1when its total pore volume,mesoporous percentage,yield,iodine number and methylene blue adsorption are 0. 982 cm3·g- 1,36. 9%,47. 87%,1007 mg·g- 1and153 mg·g- 1under above conditions. More than 98% of mesopores in the prepared carbon was within in 10 nm size. Both methylene blue adsorption and iodine number are much better than that of the first grade product specified in the National Standard. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacities of lead( Ⅱ) and 2,4-dinitrophenol on the carbon are 121 mg·g- 1and 336 mg·g- 1. The results showed that the prepared carbon was a good adsorbent with high adsorption capacity for different organic pollutants.


The author returned home in an unusually cold day in October. She found that it was unexpectedly warm inside. The kettle was kept on by her husband due to the very fact that the evening was very cold. Her husband did not usually do any housework. She found the kitchen was surprisingly warm on opening the door of the kitchen. She saw a red round thing floating in the darkness. She realized that the red round thing was the kettle after a moment. She found the stainless-steel kettle was red-hot, and it was still on the burning gas hob as if going to melt. She decided to remodel the kitchen with an underfloor heating system. Due to the underfloor heating, it was very warm inside and they had spent the New Year season comfortably. The traumatic image of the red-hot kettle still remained in her mind's eye. Keywords: kitchen; New Year season; red-hot kettle; underfloor heating system


Software testing is one of the most important activities to produce a high-quality system, which can increase the trust level of users. There are many types of software testing. One of those testing is called exhaustive testing. Exhaustive testing is used to produce a test suite that will be used in other testing types such as unit testing, system testing, integration testing and also acceptance testing. However, exhaustive testing is infeasible and will be time consuming. Therefore, the combinatorial testing is proposed to solve the exhaustive testing problem. There are many techniques of combinatorial testing. The popular one is called pairwise testing. It also is known as Allpairs or 2-way testing. It involves the interaction of 2 parameters. In order to perform the pairwise testing, there are procedures that need to be fulfilled. The first procedure is modeling of System Under Test (SUT). There are many models that can be used to design the test suite for pairwise testing. In this paper, the comparison for modeling of SUT in pairwise testing is performed, and the enhancement of Classification Tree Method is proposed. An example based on steps of proposed model method is also provided.


We present high spatial density, multi-modal, parallel-plate Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) imaging systems for the purpose of breast tumor detection. One hybrid instrument provides time domain (TD) and continuous wave (CW) DOT at 64 source fiber positions. The TD diffuse optical spectroscopy with PMT- detection produces low-resolution images of absolute tissue scattering and absorption while the spatially dense array of CCD-coupled detector fibers (108 detectors) provides higher-resolution CW images of relative tissue optical properties. Reconstruction of the tissue optical properties, along with total hemoglobin concentration and tissue oxygen saturation, is performed using the TOAST software suite. Comparison of the spatially-dense DOT images and MR images allows for a robust validation of DOT against an accepted clinical modality. Additionally, the structural information from co-registered MR images is used as a spatial prior to improve the quality of the functional optical images and provide more accurate quantification of the optical and hemodynamic properties of tumors. We also present an optical-only imaging system that provides frequency domain (FD) DOT at 209 source positions with full CCD detection and incorporates optical fringe projection profilometry to determine the breast boundary. This profilometry serves as a spatial constraint, improving the quality of the DOT reconstructions while retaining the benefits of an optical-only device. We present initial images from both human subjects and phantoms to display the utility of high spatial density data and multi-modal information in DOT reconstruction with the two systems.


This paper presents a MAC-PHY cross-layer semianalytical model allowing the goodput performance evaluation of open- and closed-loop link adaptive schemes in WLAN environments based on IEEE 802.11n. Without loss of generality, this paper considers the well-known open-loop automatic rate fallback (ARF) algorithm and a closed-loop fast link adaptation (FLA) algorithm based on exponential effective SNR mapping (EESM). In contrast to previous works, the channel conditions are not assumed to be ideal and users are allowed to use different transmission modes. Results are presented demonstrating the accuracy of the proposed model. Moreover, results serve to show the superiority of closed-loop over open-loop techniques, specially when the number of stations contending for the medium grows.


Background:  This study aimed the to investigate presence of residual allergenic cow's milk proteins (CMP) in some milk substitutes employed in the treatment of cow's milk allergy (CMA). These allergens may interfere with the treatment, and elicit allergic reactions in sensitized individuals.


To the Editor .—

The recent article by Robson et al1 describing presentation of primary and secondary enuresis provides …


In a company, one of the things associated with the continuity of the company is how to market products owned. The company marketing of real estate agent to looking for a match between the client (the seller) and the client (the buyer) until there is be agreement. As serviices company, marketing associate is the most instrumental in marketing the property, therefore the performance of marketing associate is expected by company. In this writing illustrates how the environment, commitment, technology, and performance marketing associate interplay. Research methodology using questionare of 50 respondents who are members of the marketing associate of three real estate agencies. Analysis of the model used to test the hypothesis, using proportionate, random sampling, whereas analysis techniques using path analysis. The results showed that, partially, environmentally significant direct effect on the databases must address satisfying marketing associate, with a contribution of 0.701. The Other results obtained are no direct influence on the performance of information technology marketing associate, while significant commitment directly influence the performance of the marketing associate with a contribution of 0.224. For environment, commitment, technology significantly affect the performance of marketling associate with kontributions by 57%. Keywords: Utilization of Information Technology, environment, technology, commitment, performance


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of the difference of the specific gravity on the dispersion process with mechanical agitation. The apparatus consists of a cylindrical vessel (DT =150 mm) made of clear acrylic resin and Rushton-type impeller (D1=49 mm) . Water and a mixture of n-C71-116 and CC14 were used as the continuous phase and the dispersed phase. The specific gravity of the dispersed phase was prepared for the values of 1. 000, 1. 050, 1. 100, 1. 150 and 1. 200 (gr/cmg) respectively. Agitation was continuously carried out at 530 rpm for 60 min. The photographs of the droplets were concurrently taken by the direct and the indirect methods. The following results were obtained: ( 1 ) According as the specific gravity of the dispersed phase increased, average diameter became the smaller value. ( 2 ) It was found that the direct method was better than the indirect one, when there was the difference of specific gravity on liquid-liquid dispersion. ( 3 ) Experimental equation for the relationship between the energy efficiency of agitation 77 and the agitation time 0 was as follows. log 77=ce' log 0+3' * 1-22-1 Yoto-cho , Tanashi-shi, Tokyo


Abstract : The report covers three tasks. In Task I, beam methods have been developed to study details of energy transfer processes of metastable excited atoms and molecules in collisions with ground state species. In task II, flowing afterglow techniques and pulsed photolysis methods involving optical detection of photolysis fragments have been used to study exothermic energy transfer reactions in excited atmospheric gases. Task III was a shorter, more specific task concerned with optical measurements of the radiation from clouds of barium after their release, or generation, at high altitudes. (Author)


Shortly after the foundation of the Yuan Dynasty,emperors established two cities,Dadu and Shangdu in order to control the Central Plains of the Han and maintain their own customs.The former one was cited as its capital and the latter one the imperial summer palace.With the institution of imperial tour being set up,many scholars as a retinue of bodyguards created a large number of frontier poetry during the course of heading to the north when passing by the Great Wall.The poetry falls into two categories,travel notes and feeling notes of Shangdu,according to its style.The poetry not only has left a brilliant page in literary and artistic history of our country,but also been a combination of literature values.


Approaches towards interpreting the category "resources" have been considered as well as various types of resources have been classified according to their specific features. Implementation of the category "resources" and its classification for accounting purposes have been carried out.


Corneal transplantation is being performed for treating corneal diseases, for relieving or taking away the pain and more important, for improving the clinical outcomes like visual acuity. In the past, patients with endothelial disorders were treated with penetrating keratoplasty by which the whole cornea, with all five tissue layers, was transplanted. This technique often presented some disadvantages like high astigmatism, long term unstable refraction, suture-related problems and ineffective wound healing. Furthermore, the visual rehabilitation was slow and the final outcome often disappointing. These disadvantages stimulated the development of other keratoplasty techniques like lamellar keratoplasty. With this technique it?s possible to selectively replace the affected tissue layer of the cornea, improving the technique itself as well as the clinical outcomes.
Although these (endothelial) keratoplasty (EK) techniques like ?deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty? (DLEK), ?Descemet stripping (automated) endothelial keratoplasty? (DS(A)EK) and ?femtosecond laser-assisted Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty? (FS-DSEK) improved the outcomes and reduced the undesired postoperative inconveniences and complications compared to the full thickness- or penetrating keratoplasty, visual results were still suboptimal.
With previously described (endothelial) keratoplasty techniques a donor transplant, consisting from endothelium, the Descemet membrane AND part of the stromal tissue layer is transplanted. The extra stromal tissue may interfere with optimal visual results. This induced more research on the refinement in donor preparation and surgical techniques in endothelial keratoplasty, leading to the development of a new technique, named Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK). In DMEK only the affected two layers are replaced and this may provoke better and more optimal clinical results and offers a complete anatomical restoration.
The focus of this thesis will be on DMEK, a new transplantation technique, of which the donor preparation technique, the clinical outcomes like visual rehabilitation, endothelial cell density, refractive change and stability, complications and new perspectives are described and compared to the earlier EK techniques.


To identify the prevalence of knee contracture and its association with gross motor function, age, sex, spasticity, and muscle length in children with cerebral palsy (CP).


This is an expository paper on connections between enumerative combinatorics and convex polytopes. It aims to give an essentially self-contained overview of five specific instances when enumerative combinatorics and convex polytopes arise jointly in problems whose initial formulation lies in only one of these two subjects. These examples constitute only a sample of such instances occurring in the work of several authors. On the enumerative side, they involved ordered graphical sequences, combinatorial statistics on the symmetric and hyperoctahedral groups, lattice paths, Baxter, Andre, and simsun permutations,q-Catalan andq-Schroder numbers. From the subject of polytopes, the examples involve the Ehrhart polynomial, the permutohedron, the associahedron, polytopes arising as intersections of cubes and simplices with half-spaces, and thecd-index of a polytope.


[1] Five Microtops II Sun photometers were studied in detail at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) to determine their performance in measuring aerosol optical thickness (AOT or τaλ) and precipitable column water vapor (W). Each derives τaλ from measured signals at four wavelengths λ (340, 440, 675, and 870 nm), and W from the 936 nm signal measurements. Accuracy of τaλ and W determination depends on the reliability of the relevant channel calibration coefficient (V0). Relative calibration by transfer of parameters from a more accurate Sun photometer (such as the Mauna-Loa-calibrated AERONET master Sun photometer at GSFC) is more reliable than Langley calibration performed at GSFC. It was found that the factory-determined value of the instrument constant for the 936 nm filter (k = 0.7847) used in the Microtops' internal algorithm is unrealistic, causing large errors in V0(936), τa936, and W. Thus, when applied for transfer calibration at GSFC, whereas the random variation of V0 at 340 to 870 nm is quite small, with coefficients of variation (CV) in the range of 0 to 2.4%, at 936 nm the CV goes up to 19%. Also, the systematic temporal variation of V0 at 340 to 870 nm is very slow, while at 936 nm it is large and exhibits a very high dependence on W. The algorithm also computes τa936 as 0.91 τa870, which is highly simplistic. Therefore, it is recommended to determine τa936 by logarithmic extrapolation from τa675 and τa870. From the operational standpoint of the Microtops, apart from errors that may result from unperceived cloud contamination, the main sources of error include inaccurate pointing to the Sun, neglecting to clean the front quartz window, and neglecting to calibrate correctly. If these three issues are adequately taken care of, the Microtops can be quite accurate and stable, with root-mean-square (rms) differences between corresponding retrievals from clean calibrated Microtops and the AERONET Sun photometer being about ±0.02 at 340 nm, decreasing down to about ±0.01 at 870 nm.


Having previously reported that nitroquine (CI-679) had a marked sporontocidal effect on P. gallinaceum, we studied its effects on sporogony of P. cynomolgi using Anopheles stephensi or A. balabacensis as vectors. After being fed on infected monkeys before and after a single intragastric dose of nitroquine, the engorged mosquitoes were maintained in the insectarium at 27—28℃ (for A. stephensi) or 25—27℃ (for A. balabacensis) and relative humidity of 80%. Batches of mosquitoes were dissected on d 6 and d 12 after blood feeding for examination of oocysts and sporozoites, respectively. For comparison, the effects of DDS and pyrimethamine were observed at the same time.
 1. Batches of mosquitoes fed on 3 monkeys 4—96 h after ig nitroquine 2 mg/ kg, were all negative for sporozoites. The oocyst rates also markedly decreased. At 1 mg/kg, only 1 out of 4 monkeys gave a 10% sporozoite rate after 96 h. Nitroquine composite (nitroquine and DDS in equal amount) 0.5 mg/kg, like nitroquine 2 mg/ kg, completely inhibited the sporogonic development of P. cynomolgi.
 2. A single ig nitroquine 1 mg/kg showed a marked sporontocidal effect while pyrimethamine 1 mg/kg failed to do so. DDS 1 mg/kg exerted no effect on the sporogonic cycle of P. cynomolgi.
 3. The results indicate that nitroquine is an effective drug, even superior to pyrimethamine, against sporogonic cycle of P. cynomolgi.


We present machine-learning techniques used to generate an Arabic chatbot, which accepts user input in Arabic and generates replies extracted from the Qur'an. A system to learn conversational patterns from a Corpus of transcribed conversation has been used to generate a range of chatbots speaking different languages including English, French and Afrikaans. We review aspects of the Arabic language, which pose problems for chatbot-learning, and we discuss the revised process to handle Arabic training text and input/output. In principle, the Qur'an provides guidance and answers to religious and other questions; so we used the Qur'an as a training corpus for our chatbot. As the Qur'an is not a transcription of a conversation, we adapted the learning process to cope with the structure of the Qur'an in terms of sooras and ayyas. The resulting system accepts user input in Arabic, and answers with appropriate ayyas from the Qur'an.


RTP(Real-time Transport Protocol) is the basic protocol in the multimedia communication in Internet.There are many security problems in RTP because Internet is an open system.RTP itself provides many security methods such as encryption,authentication and integrity.But some of these methods are not necessary.We can ensure the security of RTP packets through AES-CTR and HMAC-SHA-1.These technologies are implemented to protect the RTP packets.


The dynamic disorder is known to be one of the crucial parameters limiting the charge carrier transport in molecular semiconductors and a parameter that cannot be easily controlled through known design rules.


【The anti-hyperlipidemic effects of an ethyl acetate fraction from Orostachy japonicus in a high lipid diet-induced hyperlipidemic rat model were assessed. The fraction, which contained kaempferol, astragalin, and isoquercitrin, was associated with significant weight loss and reduction of lipid contents in serum and liver tissues. The fraction, which contains mainly flavonoids, diminished the levels of malondialdehyde and hydroxyl radical, and increased the anti-oxidative enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Reduced bleeding and plasma clotting times resulting from the administration of the ethyl acetate fraction may reduce cardiovascular disease associated with hyperlipidemia.】


Aerosol concentrations and properties have been derived from a network of ground-based Sun-sky radiometer measurements in Brazil's Amazon basin region since 1992. The measurements characterize the background aerosol environment and aerosol emissions from biomass burning at eight selected sites. The duration and frequency of the measurements provide the foundation of an aerosol climatology based on direct sun measurements of aerosol optical thickness and retrievals of size distribution from solar aureole measurements. The aerosol optical thickness measurements clearly illustrate that for sites located within regions of biomass burning the duration of smoke above background levels often exceeds 2 months and frequently at levels an order of magnitude above background. The aerosol optical thickness range during preburning conditions was 0.11 to 0.27 at 440 nm. Under these conditions, stratospheric aerosols from Pinatubo constituted a significant part of the signal in 1993 but were about 50% less in 1994. During the burning season, smoke elevated the aerosol optical thickness above 1.0 for seasonally averaged values measured at 440 nm at sites located in active source regions in Mato Grosso, Rondonia, and Tocantins states. The measurement sites are located in the cerrado and forest conversion areas. Analysis of the size distribution of the particles indicated that the increase in aerosol optical thickness was associated with an increase of an accumulation and coarse particle modes. The asymmetry factor "g", computed from the phase function, showed considerable spectral dependence between the preburning and burning seasonal phases. The 1020-nm channel was reduced from 0.66 to ∼0.53, while at 440 nm little seasonal phase variation was noted. Conditions of burning were sufficiently strong that the atmospheric conditions associated with the climatological definition of a dry season was subdivided into (1) preburning, (2) transition to burning, (3) burning, and (4) transition to wet season phases for most sites. Averages and frequency distributions were used to characterize each seasonal phase by site. Changes in total column water vapor amount, also retrieved from direct sun measurements, did not have an apparent effect on the optical properties of the aerosols.


Soil disinfection by steam is a well-known technique used within horticulture and market gardening. The most common steam application technique is sheet steaming, where the soil is covered with a thermo resistant sheet, which is sealed at the edges and then blowing steam under the sheet so that the steam penetrates through the soil. The method is effective for control of weed, plant pathogens and nematodes. However, high fuel consumption and low capacity are serious disadvantages. Moreover all living organisms, harmful and useful, in the treated soil are killed, and therefore the method is not in line with the basis ideas of organic farming. A new concept and technique for performing band heating has been developed. By heating only a narrow band of 6–8 cm around the rows to a depth of 5 cm, energy savings of more than 90% can be obtained. In practice, the system may be combined with a computer-controlled sowing machine for the subsequent sowing of plants in the centre of the treated bands. The system will result in the crop growing in rows free of plant competition. It was seen that soil temperatures of 80-90°C, were needed to achieve god effect in the field.


We report the fabrication of superconducting Pb electrodes with nanometer-sized separation by using the electromigration technique. Below the superconducting transition temperature, the electrodes show current-voltage characteristics consistent with the tunneling between two superconducting electrodes, which can be well understood within conventional theory of superconductivity. The electrodes can be reversibly switched between the normal and superconducting states by the application of an external magnetic field. These electrodes are suited for electron-transport studies of chemically synthesized nanostructures and the utility is demonstrated by making single-molecule transistors incorporating individual Co-porphyrin molecules.


Trust-aware recommender system (TARS) recommends ratings based on user trust. It greatly improves the conventional collaborative filtering by providing reliable recommendations when dealing with the data sparseness problem. One basic research issue of TARS is to improve the recommending efficiency, in which the key point is to find sufficient number of recommenders efficiently for active users. Existing works searched recommenders via a skeleton, which consists of a number of hub nodes. The hub nodes are those who have superior degrees based on the scale-freeness of the trust network. However, existing works did not consider the skeleton maintenance cost and the coverage overlap between nodes of the skeleton. They also failed to suggest the proper size of the skeleton. This paper proposes an optimized TARS model to solve the problems of existing works. By using the genetic algorithm, our model chooses the most suitable nodes for the skeleton of recommender searching. It can achieve the maximum prediction coverage with the minimum skeleton maintenance cost. Simulation results show that compared with existing works, our model can reduce more than 90% of the skeleton maintenance cost with reasonable prediction coverage.


In this paper, a cascaded sliding-mode controller for permanent magnet synchronous motors is presented. As it is usual in electrical drive engineering the proposed feedback loop consists of an inner current control loop and an outer velocity control loop. In contrast to conventional realizations with e.g. PI-controllers the current controller is a classical 1-sliding controller, whereas the velocity controller is based on a 2-sliding technique. The resulting control concept is implemented in an industrial power converter. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated with the help of real world experiments.


A flexible data acquisition and bit-serial, signal processing device has been designed, fabricated, and demonstrated. The device digitizes analog signals from up to 8 sensors, operates on the digital representations of these signals in accordance with a downloaded program, stores the results in on-chip memory, and communicates these data to an external device such as a microprocessor. The device was designed for the measurement of current, voltage, power, harmonic content, and line frequency, as well as waveform analysis and system control in electrical systems.<<ETX>>


Objective
To analyze the clinical effect of endoscopic sinus surgery combined with middle turbinate resection on refractory sinusitis (RS).

Methods
A total of 78 patients with refractory sinusitis were divided into observation group and control group by random number table method. Thirty-nine patients in control group were treated by endoscopic sinus surgery, and 39 patients in the observation group were given middle turbinate resection in addition. The total effective rates, recurrence rates, incidences of complications were compared between the two groups after 6 months, the Lund-Kennedy scores, and the scores of the nasal cavity and nasal sinuses (SNOT-20) of the two groups were compared.

Results
After 6 months, the total effective rate of the observation group was 89.74% (35/39), which was higher than that of the control group (69.23%, 27/39), the difference was significant (P 0.05).

Conclusions
The treatment of refractory sinusitis by endoscopic sinus surgery combined with middle turbinate resection can significantly improve the clinical symptoms, and it can reduce the recurrence, the curative effect is remarkable, and the security is high.

Key words:
Refractory sinusitis; Middle turbinate resection; Endoscopic sinus surgery


Mycobacterial skin ulcers have been reported from many parts of the world, particularly from tropical and subtropical areas where they cause extensive loss of skin and much crippling deformity. In the Congo, Janssens and associates' described clinical features of 170 patients with such a condition and noted the geographic localization of their homes. These were grouped mainly into two areas, each of which was surrounded on three sides by a river. These investigators detected the presence of acid-fast bacilli in these ulcers and preliminary studies led them to believe that the causative organism was Myeohacterium uleerans. MacCallum,2 however, reported a similar clinical condition occurring in Bairnsdale, West Australia, a region where wide variations in temperature occur throughout the year. Similar ulcers have also been reported from Mexico, Gabon, Sudan and West •̂ frica. In all of these, as in the ulcers »'epo>'ted from Uganda,^ the causative ^^ ' i sm was an acid-fast Mycobac'^' ^i^il^J^ TM some respects to c . uleerans, which grows in culture a optimum temperature of 33°C. The Country of Uganda


The disclosed digital copyright management method comprises: 11) terminal downloads the enciphered digital content; 12) the intelligent card obtains the data key; 13) the IC sends the key to the terminal; 14) the terminal uses key to decipher the content. Better, in 11), can also downloads the random check code; in 12), the IC obtains the key and former code safely; before 13), checks the check codes, if accords, executes step 13); or else denies sending key. This invention enhances copyright control capacity, and improves reliability for terminal management.


The difference of Nitrogen levels  in flowKali Plumbon sea,  West Banjir Kanal and East Banjir Kanal due to the difference of utilization area. Nitrogen can be degradated by nitrifying bacteria that has been able to adapt in high salinity water. In addition to minimizing nitrogen in the sea, the bacteria can be applied to the industrial wastes water that containing nitrogen with high salinity. The water samples from the three locations were put into the reactor and the ammonium was added as much as 25 mg-N / L, and then the nitrification process have to observed for 29 days. Nitrifying bacteria obtained from marine estuarine flow West Banjir Kanal  is the most optimal bacteria than the bacteria obtained Plumbon Kali and East Banjir Kanal sea,it's because the bacteria obtained West Flood Canal was able to adapt to the conditions of high salinity, so that the bacteria can be able to degrade ammonium to nitrite and then to nitrate faster than the two other locations.


Nonlinear Electromagnetic (EM) wave interactions with the upper atmosphere were investigated during the period 15 December 1985 to 15 June 1986. Topics discussed include: the simultaneous excitation of ionospheric density irregularities and Earth's magnetic field fluctuations; the electron acceleration by Langmuir wave turbulence; and the occurrence of artificial spread F. The role of thermal effects in generating ionospheric irregularities by Whistler waves, intense Quasi-DC electric fields, atmospheric gravity waves, and electrojets was investigated. A model was developed to explain the discrete spectrum of the resonant ultralow frequency (ULF) waves that are commonly observed in the magnetosphere.


A case of sparganosis was presented. Sparganosis is not infrequent tissue helminthiasis in Korea and the incidence has been evidently increased. The patient was a 50-year-old Korean male who had a habit of eating raw flesh of fresh water fish. He first noticed the appearance of two peanut-sized masses in the right subcostal region, however, the two masses enlarged gradually to a pigeon egg size during 5 years. On surgical exploration, one larva (61 cm in length and 4 to 6 mm in width) from two masses was extracted. It was moved actively in warm physiological saline solution.


PURPOSE: A bus duct for improving the water-proof performance of a joint part is provided to improve the sealing structure of a bending part by using a connection part consisting of four piece structures. CONSTITUTION: A connection cover includes four pieces consisting of an upper cover(331), a lower cover(332), a left cover(333), and a right cover(334). The connection cover includes four upper/lower gaskets(335a-335d) and two left/right gaskets. A first upper gasket is combined with the lower part of the upper cover and an upper duct plate(250). A first lower gasket is combined with the upper part of a lower cover and a lower duct plate. A left gasket(335e) is combined with the left part of the left cover and an end block(260). A right gasket(335f) is combined with the left part of the right cover and the end block.


This research aims to develop the MSEICR model by reviewing fractional orders on the spread of Hepatitis B by administering vaccinations and treatment, and analyzing fractional effects by numerical simulations of the MSEICR mathematical model using the method Grunwald Letnikov. Researchers use qualitative methods to achieve the object of research. The steps are to determine the MSEICR model by reviewing the fractional order, looking for endemic equilibrium points for each non-endemic and endemic equilibrium point, determining the equality of characteristics and eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix. Next, look for values  (Basic Reproductive Numbers), analyze stability around non-endemic and endemic equilibrium points and complete numerical simulations. From the simulation provided, it is known that by giving a fractional alpha value of and  , the greater the value of the fractional order parameters used, the movement of the solution graphs is getting closer to the equilibrium point. If given and still endemic, whereas if and  the value  is increased to non-endemic, then the number of hepatitis B sufferers will disappear.


An inkjet image forming device, and a high-quality printing method thereof are provided to improve a printing quality without printing speed down and to cut down a manufacturing cost by reducing a size of a print head. An inkjet image forming device comprises a plurality of print heads(111i.111ii), a plurality of carriages, a carriage moving unit(142i.142ii), and a control unit(130). The plural print heads with length forming a half of width for a printing medium is arranged in a row along a transfer direction of the printing medium and moved to a main injection direction, to form an image by injecting ink to the printing medium. The plural carriages are formed with the plural print heads separately. The carriage moving unit is used to reciprocate each carriage at the main injection direction. The control unit is used to generate a control signal for synchronizing an injecting operation of the plural print heads and an operation of the carriage moving unit to adhere the injected ink at a desired portion of the printing medium. A high-quality printing method thereof includes a step of printing the image by moving the plural print heads according to an inputted printing circumstance.


PURPOSE
The present study was conducted to evaluate 4 different fluid delivery systems: Arthrex AR-6450, Stryker 1.5L High Flow Pump, Arthro FMS 4, and Acufex InteliJet. Their flow and pressure capacity, as specified by the manufacturer, and their accuracy, as measured in a standardized fashion, were compared with directly measured pressure values.

TYPE OF STUDY
Experimental study.

METHODS
Two experiments were performed: (1) the achieved pressure was measured with the pressure sensor within a ball and compared with the preset pressure values. The pressure was increased constantly while the flow was kept constant. (2) maximum flow per minute was tested using a beaker and a stopwatch.

RESULTS
The highest measured pressures for the Arthrex and the Stryker pumps were 115 mm Hg (46% of published maximum pressure) and 113 mm Hg (57% of published maximum pressure), respectively. The highest measured pressures for the Arthro FMS 4 and the InteliJet pumps were 251 mm Hg (101% of published pressure) and 132 mm Hg (88% of published maximum pressure), respectively. The maximal flow values for the Arthrex and Stryker pumps were 900 mL/min (56.3%) and 675 mL/min (48%), respectively. The Arthro FMS 4 and InteliJet pumps reached a maximal flow of 450 mL/min (56%) and 1,250 mL/min (62.5%).

CONCLUSIONS
In the simpler pumps (Arthrex AR-6450 and Stryker 1.5L High Flow Pump), the pressure on the display must be set to higher values compared with the outflow-controlling pumps (Arthro FMS 4 and InteliJet) to achieve the same intra-articular pressure. All pumps were able to maintain a pressure of 60 mm Hg very accurately. Therefore, a surgeon can trust all of the pumps when the pressure is set below 60 mm Hg.


Throughout the growing seasons of 2005 and 2006, vegetation trials investigating two carrot genotypes (cv. Nantes and Almaro F 1 hybrid) were set up to identify the effect of nitrogen on carrot productivity. The trial, established on an eutric vertisol, included four treatments involving increasing nitrogen application rates (0, 60, 120 and 180 kgN/ha). The research focused on monitoring the effect of nitrogen on individual root weight, total yield and marketable root yield. The application rate of 120 kgN/ha proved to be the most effective in enhancing individual root weight and producing the highest yields in the cultivar studied, the 60 kgN/ha rate showing the highest efficacy in the hybrid. The marketable root yield, as well as the proportion of high-quality roots in the total yield in both genotypes studied were found to be the highest at the lowest nitrogen rate (60kgN/ha) applied.


Submitted for the MAR10 Meeting of The American Physical Society Quantum Hall states in graphene with correlated hopping disorder CAIO LEWENKOPF, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, ANA L. C. PEREIRA, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, EDUARDO R. MUCCIOLO, University of Central Florida — Ripples are believed to be one of the important sources of long-range disorder in graphene. Observed both in suspended, as well as in graphene deposited on substrates, smooth ripples can be modeled in the tightbinding Hamiltonian by locally changing the hopping term. We investigate the density of states and the participation ration (PR) of a graphene single-layer sheet with correlated hopping disorder in the quantum Hall regime. We find that for hopping correlation lengths λ larger than the lattice parameter, the width of the nth Landau Level (LL) increases with n. The n = 0 LL splits into two peaks, but as λ increases their widths are dramatically reduced. We observe that this width reduction becomes particularly pronounced when λ is of the order or higher than the magnetic length. The analysis of the PR suggests that, with increasing λ, the localization length decreases for the states from the n > 0 LLs, while it increases for the n = 0 Landau level. Caio Lewenkopf Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Date submitted: 20 Nov 2009 Electronic form version 1.4


Amcebic dysentery was not rare in our troops in either of the two world wars, but it has not been a common disease in the civilian population. The clinical features in the army in the Second World War have been discussed by Andrew (1946). After the First World War, we find in THE MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA isolated cases of amrebiasis. Although there is evidently a large reservoir of carriers in those who have had military service, actual cases seem to be a rarity.


This research interprets the features of triple diffusion in naturally convected viscous material flow through a horizontal plate embedded in a porous regime. The heat and mass transmission process is evaluated by the implication of Cattaneo and Christov (CC) models of energy and mass diffusions. Entropy analysis is executed with the help of the second law of thermodynamics. The homogeneous and local thermal equilibrium is assumed for porous medium. The physically modeled expressions are reframed into an ordinary differential system. This re-structured system of expressions is computed numerically by the implication of the Runge–Kutta Fehlberg method. The computed solutions are visualized graphically and in numeric forms. The validation of present solutions is reported by the comparative benchmark with already available results in a limiting sense. It is evident that the opposing and assisting flows show higher entropy generation at the convective wall. An increment in surface entropy generation rate is achieved for higher thermal and solutal relaxation times.


The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring the ferroelectricity of a ferroelectric material under a microwave frequency band. A test circuit board comprises three microstrip two-port networks, comprising a forward network, a delay network and a measuring network, and coaxial connectors, microstrip lines, high-resistance quarter-wave short circuit branches, high voltage resistant band-pass filters and DC feed circuits are arranged from both ends to the middle of each network. A high-voltage power supply is connected to the DC feed circuits of the three microstrip two-port networks respectively and provides DC bias for a sample to be tested. A computer reads the S parameters of the three microstrip two-port networks from a vector network analyzer and calculates the dielectric constant of the ferroelectric material according to the read S parameters. The invention can measure the dielectric constant of the sample to be tested under the microwave frequency band, reduce the difference loss of the filters, increase the measuring accuracy and ensure the safety of the vector network analyzer during high voltage measurement.


The catalytic epoxidation of cis-stilbene using cumene as a solvent in the presence of supported gold nanoparticles (AuNP) yields a mixture of cis and trans-stilbene oxides. EPR and product distribution studies support a new mechanistic proposal where oxygen centred radicals activate the AuNP surface and form active surface oxygen species responsible for the epoxidation products.


Physiology and Biochemistry of Steroid Hormonal Action Gene Regulation by Steroid Hormone Receptors Relating Exposure to Hormonally Active Agents with Disease: Reproductive Functions, Developmental Toxicology Potential Adverse/ Beneficial Effects of Phytoestrogens in Humans Inhibition of 17-Hydroxysteroid Oxidoreductase Type 1 by Phytoestrogens and Structurally Related Compounds Metabolic Fate of Dietary Isoflavones in Humans and Animals Regulation of Intracellular Receptor Function by Dietary Indole Derivatives and Phytoestrogens Hormonally Active Agent: Genotoxic Effects Oestrogenic Plasticizers and Antioxidants Bisphenols Hydroxylated PCBs Hormonally Active Agents in Food for Infants and Children Correlation between Adverse Effects in Humans and Exposure to Hormonally Active Agents in Food.


New normal state and low oil price are the issues the petroleum engineering enterprises are facing.Therefore,it is crucial for them to find the way to break through new normal and forge new advantage.The author,in light of requirements for deepening the reform,seeking development through transformation and being strict with management,is thinking about how to understand the new normal,how to make a sound plan for transformation and development of such enterprises.


The reactions of dye 1 with MeONa, MeNH 2 , PhONa, PhSNa, PhSH, and 4-H 2 NPhSH to yield the corresponding derivatives 2a-e, hydrodechlorination of 1 to 3 in the presence of EtSNa or PhSNa/Ph 2 PH, and synthesis of the SCN-substituted dye 4, a new reagent for ultratrace detection of proteins, are described


As today's tall buildings become ever taller and more slender, wind‐induced vibration is a serious design issue. This paper presents integrated damping systems for tall buildings. An emphasis is placed on investigating the potential of double skin facades (DSF) as an integrated damping system for tall buildings. In the first scheme, the connectors between the inner and outer skins of the DSF system are designed to have low axial stiffness with a damping mechanism. Through this design, vibration of the primary building structure can be substantially reduced. However, excessive movements of the DSF outer skin masses are a design limitation. In the second scheme, the tuned mass damper (TMD) and DSF damping (DSFD) interaction system is studied to mitigate the design limitation of the first scheme and to resolve other TMD‐related design issues. TMDs are usually very large and located near the top of tall buildings for their effective performance. As a result, very valuable occupiable space near the top of tall buildings is sacrificed to contain large TMDs. In addition, installing TMD systems means adding additional masses to tall buildings. Through the TMD/DSFD interaction system, these issues can also be substantially addressed. Compared with the conventional TMD system, the TMD/DSFD interaction system requires a significantly reduced TMD mass ratio to achieve the same target damping ratio. Compared with the first scheme only with the DSFD mechanism, movements of the DSF outer skins can be better controlled in the TMD/DSFD interaction system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This study was aimed to obtain optimum parameter combination in simulated cranial, thorax, and abdominal examinations using computed radiography (CR) and direct digital radiography (DDR) systems. Optimization was performed using in-house phantom with contrast objects on Siemens Luminos Agile Max DDR and Siemens Axiom Luminos TF CR. Paediatric patients were separated into four age groups; 0-1 year (group A), 1-5 years (group B), 5-10 years (group C), and 10-15 years (group D). Slab phantoms with different total thickness were used to simulate patients belonging to each age group for different anatomical region (cranial, thorax, and abdomen). Optimization were performed in three steps; first kVp, followed by mAs, and then additional filter optimization. All the steps of optimization were performed based on FOM (figure of merit) values calculated as ratio of squared SDNR (signal difference to noise ratio) and entrance surface dose with the highest FOM representing the optimum condition. The results of this optimization were evaluated based on the highest FOM generated from each exposure. For both CR and DDR, optimum parameters (i.e. highest FOM) are different for each age group and anatomical region. Even with different X-Ray units, the CR device had slightly similar optimized parameters.


The purpose of this study was to assess the diet diversity, food habit and nutrient intake of obese adults who were visiting the health promotion center. This study was accomplished with the 138 obese adults (men = 103, women = 35) aged over 20 years old whose BMI were above 25 kg/m. Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), the number of foods (Dietary Variety Score, DVS), and food group consumed (Dietary Diversity Score, DDS) by using the data from the three days record were analyzed and the food habit and lifestyle were assessed by self reporting questionnaire. The average energy intake of men was 2150.2 kcal which was significantly higher than that of women (p < 0.05). The intake ratio of carbohydrate, protein and fat over total energy was 54.8% : 19.3% : 25.8% in men, 59.5% : 17.8% : 22.6% in women, respectively. Frequency of the breakfast in a week above 4, 2~3 time and under one time was 75.7%, 10.7% and 9.7% in men, 77.1%, 5.7% and 14.3% in women respectively. Frequency of eating between meals in a day under one time was 73.8% in men, 57.1% in women (p < 0.05). The average DDS and DVS was 3.63 ± 0.07 and 14.10 ± 3.45, respectively which was significantly correlated with MAR (r = 0.40 in DDS, r = 0.64 in DVS, p < 0.01). The most frequent style of food pattern was DMGFV = 01101 in 35% of men, and DMGFV = 01111 in 37.1% of women. Our results show that dietary diversity and variety are useful parameters for evaluating nutrient intakes in obese adults. These findings suggest that nutritional education based on obese persons' eating behavior and eating diversity may be required to increase educational efficiency of weight control programs. (Korean J Community Nutrition 12(5) : 583~591, 2007)


State responsibility — Nature and kinds of — For wrongs unconnected with contractual obligations — Acts and omissions of State organs and officials — Connected with legislation — Canadian Parole Act 1970 — Criminal Law Amendment Act 1977 — Forfeiture of parole abolished — Right of offenders to benefit retroactively from change of law providing lighter penalty — Whether loss of parole a penalty — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966, Article 15(1) — Optional Protocol — United Nations Human Rights Committee — Whether applicant a victim International organization and administration — The United Nations — Other organs of the United Nations — Human Rights Committee — Functions — Compatibility of national legislation with International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 — Optional Protocol — Whether Committee entitled to make hypothetical assessment of effects of national legislation The individual in international law — In general — Human rights and freedoms — Criminal offences — Parole — Right of offenders to benefit retroactively from change of law reducing penalty — Interpretation of term "penalty" — Whether only applicable to criminal offences — Whether including parole — Canadian Parole Act 1970 modified by Criminal Law Amendment Act 1977 — Whether new law automatically results in lighter penalty-International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966, Article 15(1) — Optional Protocol — United Nations Human Rights Committee — Whether applicant victim of breach of Covenant


The question of innovations causes great tension in modern society. The methods of extracting profits from a person's innovative potential and the innovative potential of regions are invented. We tried to understand the problem of studying the innovative potential as the equivalent of the problem concerning studying the individual potential. It means that we admit the individual potential can be called the innovative potential to some extent. The research was held in 2010-2011. Sixty individuals including the participants and the leaders of the BIT Siberia 2011 project groups, businessmen possessing various experience levels in conducting business took part in it. The age of the respondents varied from 18 to 55. The whole data basis was still under consideration when the article was being created. The very article was based on the results of the data analysis received from 30 respondents. The testing method kit including the Moody Vitality Test (translation and adaptation by D.A. Leontyev and E.I. Rasskazova), the Questionnaire of the Activity Self-organization by E.U. Mandrikova, the Questionnaire of "The Career Anchor" was used for the analysis of the innovative potential variety of meanings. The qualitative data were received by means of the existential and phenomenological analysis of autobiographical interviews (the method of the innovative potential assessment by means of the autobiographical interview interpretation by O.V. Lukyanov). The analysis and the interpretation of autobiographical interviews helped to extract the following: the experience reflected in an interview can be defined as a fact of selfidentity degradation in the context of innovative business. Unwillingness to conduct business with one's partner can certify mistrust of other people. The individual potential, as they understand it, allows people to rely on themselves as on a technical resource, as well as on their abilities and opportunities. A specific attitude towards money leads to the following key points. People of such a specific orientation regard money as a main motivation for conducting business. The attitude towards death is also significant. People with high innovative potential regard death as a natural part of their lives. A person is not afraid of it as the level of intensity of his or her life is higher than her or his understanding of the death concept. The analysis of autobiographies also showed that the representatives of this set are characterized by the absence of orientation to the past within their self-identity. This artifact leads to supposing that the high innovative potential is a variant of person's degradation with a high individual potential.


Objective: The present study tested the proposed five‐factor structure and invariance of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI; Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996) in a sample of physically active breast cancer survivors.


Nuclear rocket engines utilizing W-UO2 ceramic-metal (cermet) fuel with a prismatic geometry based on the GE-710 design are analyzed. A highly detailed Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) model of the reactor core is developed and exercised to determine the energy deposited in both the fuel matrix itself and the various engine components via decelerating fission products and scattered neutrons and photons. These results are then used by NASA's Nuclear Engine System Simulation (NESS) code to determine both engine performance characteristics and thermodynamic state points throughout the cycle, and estimate engine mass. The engines are expander cycle based, but do not utilize tie-tubes to extract thermal energy from the reactor to drive the turbo-machinery. Instead, fuel elements located at the periphery of the reactor core are utilized to provide the additional thermal energy required to close the cycle.


The simultaneous localization and mapping technology [1] [2] refers to the moving object positioning itself according to the characteristics of the environment and constructing the map incrementally [3] [4]. This technology can realize the trajectory tracking of the robot without temporary positioning infrastructure. Visual odometry [5] based on camera sensors has developed rapidly in recent years. As a front end of visual SLAM, it can replace lidar to calculate mileage, thereby reducing system cost and enriching map information. This paper briefly describes the concept and development of visual odometry for mobile robots, proposes a visual odometry method suitable for indoor environments, and compares different existing visual odometry methods. The results show that the proposed scheme achieves faster and more accurate mileage calculation in predictable scenarios, which can be used in the navigation of indoor mobile robots.


In this paper, we describe an immersive prototype application, AtmosV, developed to interactively visualize the large multivariate atmospheric dataset provided by the IEEE Visualization 2004 Contest committee. The visualization approach is a combination of volume and polygonal rendering. The immersive application was developed and evaluated on both a shared-memory parallel machine and a commodity cluster. Using the cluster we were able to visualize multiple variables at interactive frame rates. CR Categories: I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-Dimesional Graphics and Realism—Animation; I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-Dimesional Graphics and Realism—Virtual Reality


The suitability of the lipofuscin assay for lipid peroxidation products in apple fruit has been investigated. Material with similar fluorescent properties to lipofuscin was extracted from apple. However, this fluorescence could be explained by the presence of cinnamoyl compounds and carotenoids in the extracts.


I present results for the resummation of soft and collinear gluon contributions to QCD hard-scattering cross sections at two loops. This requires the calculation of UV and IR divergences through two loops and the construction of soft anomalous dimensions that control resummation at NNLL. Explicit results are provided for processes that involve massless and/or massive quarks, including single top and top pair production.


The design of data model is the key problem of achieving automatic power route siting.Presently there is some discussion on the raster data model.Based on it,this paper presents a multi-grid spatial data model for power line siting.It integratedly uses the advantage of raster and vector spatial data models.And it can adaptively select the gird of different levels to participate in the statistics of the influencing factor's cost value and the calculations of optimum paths on the basis of the terrain and the complexity of influencing factor in the route siting area.At last,this model is used to the experiment of power route siting via A* algorithm.The results show that the multi-grid spatial data can improve the rationality of route siting strategy.


conclusion that merely rehashes the previous chapters and adds nothing but verbiage, but this is a remarkably disquieting place to fi nish a book about Japan's future—marked by demographic challenges and the potential for natural and technological disasters, but also by pockets of resilience, economic strength, and technological aptitude. This may well have been the editors' goal, and indeed in the wake of Donald Trump's election, I am perhaps especially attuned to the sound of democracy's imminent demise; nonetheless, it still feels like a jarring note on which to conclude. One wonders how the rest of the book might have read differently had this chapter, rather than Shirahase's, opened it. After all, Shirahase sets the demographic boundaries that will almost certainly affect a wide array of Japan's possible futures, but Repeta and Jones—even if they do not actually predict a weakening of Japan's democracy—seem to view the future as almost an imaginary, a comprehensive set of ideas used to depict something not fully known, or perhaps not yet. Whatever happens to Japan's constitution, it surely seems meaningful that leaders of Japan's ruling party view the country's future as one best defi ned by an ostensibly native communitarianism rather than by the liberal individualism imposed on it from abroad. These are perhaps my own idiosyncratic concerns about how to consider the future: whether as a continuation of recent trends or as a set of ideas through which we make sense of the present. As an invariably thoughtful overview, however, of issues facing recent and contemporary Japan, Japan's Precarious Future is superb. Indeed, I plan to use it as the required text for my upcoming course on Japanese politics. My students always seem more concerned with the future than the past, and I look forward to sharing this remarkable volume with them.


Apocalypse and the Writings on Revelation is first and foremost Lawrence's revelation of his ambivalent feelings towards The Bible: From earliest years right into manhood, like any other nonconformist child I had the Bible poured every day into my helpless consciousness, till there came almost a saturation point. […] So that today, although I have "forgotten" my Bible, I need only begin to read a chapter to realise that I "know" it with an almost nauseating fixity. And I must confess, my firs...


Substance use and abuse in higher education continues to be a concern for counselors and student affairs professionals in colleges and universities into the twenty-first century. A review of current literature is presented, including ideas for effective developmental programs. Information on drug use is offered with special attention given to ideas that could be helpful in working with students. Counselors and student affairs professionals are encouraged to increase awareness and consider ideas for student development programs in drug and alcohol education. College is a time for growth and development. The Student Personnel Point of View (American Council on Education, 1994) and the Student Development Services in Post Secondary Education (SDSPSE) (Council of Student Personnel Associations in Higher Education, 1975) challenge student affairs professionals to aid in the whole development of students. These historical roots challenge student affairs professionals to meet needs of students through developmental opportunities. Upon entering an institution of higher education, college students are exposed to opportunities, environments, and freedoms that may not have existed to them prior to enrollment. While these opportunities can enhance the development and character of a student, they also can lead to negative effects. Drug and alcohol use is no stranger to the college campus. Substance abuse has plagued every institution of higher education across the nation: "Few issues on the college campus have generated as much concern or contorted policy as that of alcohol and drug use among students" (Globetti, Globetti, Brown, & Stem, 1993, p.41). With drug and alcohol education beginning as early as elementary school, and children as young as five years old quoting, "Just say no," the message appears to have lost its significance. Alcohol and drug prevention in higher education is more complex than a catchy phrase. It requires a staff dedicated to providing effective prevention and education programs. Substance Use and Abuse Studies have shown that many students entering college may already have a substance abuse problem (Droz & Van Syckle, 1996). Fortunately, studies have also shown that drug use (other than alcohol) has decreased among college students in the past decade (Lo & Globetti, 1995). In a 1994 national household survey of students ages 18 to 25,13.2% reported currently using either cocaine or marijuana. Though this number may sound alarming, it represents a decrease from 29.4% in the 1985 survey ("National Household," 1994). The problem of illegal drug use still exists on all college campuses. It is a common stereotype that certain geographical regions of the United States are more prone to drug use; however, drug use is seen across the nation in higher education institutions (Globetti et al., 1993). According to the 1996 annual "Monitoring the Future" study, adolescent drug use has increased dramatically between 1992 and 1996. One third of high school seniors reported being drunk in the past month while one fifth of sophomores used marijuana regularly ("The Annual," 1998). This means that more college students are entering college with drug experience, putting them at greater risk for drug abuse. These statistics serve as a wake up call for counselors and administrators challenged with the responsibility of drug and alcohol prevention on the campus. Marijuana The most popular illegal drug on college campuses is marijuana. Werch, Meers, and Farrell (1993) reported that one third of college students have used marijuana at least once. Globetti et al. (1993) reported that 54% of college students have used it less than five times, while 6.6% have used it more than 40 times. Students report the reasons for using marijuana include helping them to relax, creating a pleasant "euphoric" feeling, enhancing social experiences with friends, and satisfying curiosity about drugs. …


(1994). Main fleet to Singapore? Churchill, the admiralty, and force Z. Journal of Strategic Studies: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 79-93.


A new sordarin derivatives isolated from fungal cultures. The compounds and treatment and / or prevention of human and animal fungal infections, are useful for the control of phytopathogenic fungi of crops. Two novel fungal cultures ATCC No. PTA-3862 and ATCC No. It is possible to fermentative production of a compound of the present invention using the PTA-3861.


PURPOSE: A home gateway and an operation method thereof are provided to connect the home information apparatuses to a home network for sharing one authenticated IP address, and to enable a user to manage a home information apparatus connected to the home network at the entrance of a home. CONSTITUTION: The home gateway comprises the first interface(10) for communicating with a home information apparatus connected to the home network, the second interface(20) for communicating with outer information apparatus connected to the Internet, and a controller(70). The controller connects to the Internet on system initialization, provides the information for the home information apparatus connected to the home network in case of occurring an access request from an outer information apparatus through the Internet, and requests an execution of function according to the requested control content in case of receiving the control request for a home information apparatus connected to the home network from the information apparatus. The controller includes an HG_DHCP server, an HG_DNS server and an application proxy server.


Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) constitutes one of the most important preventative interventions to reduce infant mortality. In the Dominican Republic, only 4.7% of infants are exclusively breastfed through the first six months. Compared with adults, adolescent mothers have lower probability of starting breastfeeding (BF) and those that do are more likely to follow it inconsistently. To the date there is no data focused on EBF prevalence and practices in adolescent Dominican mothers. Objective: Determine the prevalence …


Interventions for parvovirus B19 infection need to balance the low risk of infection at a population level with the potential for serious adverse outcome for particular groups, notably the fetus, people with haemoglobinopathies and the immunocompromised. This guidance aims to assist the local decision-making process to be as evidence-based as the available evidence allows.