Because of the construction of large water storage projects in the upstream of the Luan River,water consumption for industry and agriculture substantially increases,causing a significant reduction of river water into the sea and bringing some negative impact on the biodiversity of the sea wetland.The decrease of fresh water into the sea causes shrinkage of estuary transition zone and decrease of salt and fresh water surface accordingly.Through the analysis to water into the sea from the Luan River from 1956 to 2000,it is found that a significant reduction of water after 1980s makes the salt and fresh water area decrease nearly 3 times,resulting in a reduction in the suitable growth area for plants and animals and impact on estuarine biodiversity.This paper discusses and analyzes the wetland ecological environment and provides a technical basis for protecting and restoring wetland environment and biodiversity of the Luanhe River esturay.


Densification of alumina has been studied in the present work in presence of La2O3. La2O3 as dopant has been added to the extent of 0.5, 1 and 2 weight % to pure alumina and studied for pressure-less sintering. Pellets of without and with La2O3 containing compositions were sintered at 1550'C 1600'C, 1650'C and then characterized for densification, phase analysis and SEM & EDAX studies. In phase analysis LaAlO3 has been observed in the sintered samples indicating reactions between alumina and dopant phase. Results reveal that La2O3 is not a beneficial sintering additive for alumina in the temperature range of 1550'C to 1650'C


In this study taxation students' perceptions of open-book assessment, prior to their exposure to open-book assessment in the qualifying examination of South African chartered accountants, is explored. A focus group was conducted using the Interactive Qualitative Analysis methodology. In this focus group, taxation students without prior exposure to open-book assessment identified their perception themes (also referred to as affinities) on open-book assessment. These affinities were grouped together and described by them as: good preparation, back-up, encouragement, general advantages, improved quality of answers, negative symptoms, negative environment, personal experience and hindrance, different approach and time management. The students then identified relationships between these different affinities. These relationships were summarized and reflected on a System Interrelationship Diagram, giving a visual map of the students' perceptions. Findings from the System Interrelationship Diagram indicated that students perceive good preparation as the strongest driver for successful completion of an open-book assessment. This System Interrelationship Diagram showed three primary outcomes namely negative symptoms, different approach and time management. This implies that students perceived that open-book assessment may create laziness (negative symptom) in students leading to a different approach when preparing for and completing such assessments. Finally, they concluded that successful completion of an open-book assessment necessitates proper time management.


Use of planar antenna for conformal applications is of great engineering utilization; however antenna embedding into conformal shapes needs careful analysis. The cavity-backed proximity coupled microstrip patch antenna for spherical conformal application is analyzed. Dielectric and metallic material is used for the sphere. Coax fed antenna is used for embedding for conformal application. A dielectric cover is placed on top of the surface of the antenna to shield the patch and make the spherical surface continuous. Two types of spherical cuts are used with radii of 2λ and 5λ and thickness of 0.508 mm and 7 mm. Simulation results including vswr, radiation pattern and gain are provided. The parametric study including the effect of material, thickness, radius and dielectric cover is also discussed for the design. The results indicate that the bandwidth of coax fed antenna exceeds 30% at X- band and the impedance of the antenna is not sensitive to the spherical radius, however the radiation pattern is affected for different thickness and extent of cut of sphere. The radiation pattern is more stable in case of dielectric sphere with reduced thickness as compared to the metallic sphere with increased thickness, irrespective of extent of sphere cut. The dielectric sphere with increased thickness and metallic sphere with reduced thickness deteriorate the radiation pattern by introducing higher back and side lobes. The effect of dielectric cover is to shift the frequency band towards lower frequencies. Higher gain is observed for metallic spheres. Such an embedded antenna has the potential to be easily used for platform mounted applications like UAV, Missile or satellites.


Landslides are significant geo-hazards heavily impacting many regions of the world regarding human lives and economic losses. The large magnitude of natural forces involved in landslides makes actions of mitigation or prevention unfeasible, with exceptions for minor occurrences or under special conditions. Many old methods have been applied in landslide management and/or prediction, such as overlays or weighting methods. The newest/advanced methods are still being developed and one of the newest methods is Artificial Neural Network (ANN). ANN are biologically inspired computer programs designed to simulate how the human brain processes information. Many types of ANN exist; the most famous one is Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) Neural Network Algorithm with FeedForward model. MLP consists of three parts: the input layers as neurons representing the value of data; the hidden layer, which demonstrates the network training process; and the output layer, which provides the prediction of the landslide areas. In this research, the input layer consists of landslide location characteristics, such as the rainfall intensity, land cover, slope, geological types, and rate displacement of landslides. As a case study, Bangli Regency was selected. In 2017 there was a landslide disaster in the Kintamani District, Bangli Regency, which resulted in dozens of people missing or dead, and several houses destroyed. In this study different numbers of neurons were used in the hidden layer (15, 50, 100, and 150 neurons). The best performance is obtained at 150 neurons, with 0.9677 (96,77%) for the test set.


In October 1994 a flurry of activity started around a set of equations discovered by Seiberg and Witten [7]. By November there were three papers published on the Seiberg-Witten equations. One of those papers was Kronheimer and Mrowka's proof of the Thorn conjecture [4]. The Thorn conjecture was independently proved by Morgan, Szabo, and Taubes, and generalizations and variants of the Thorn conjecture will be appearing soon [5], [2], [6]. The result in this paper is a three-dimensional version of the Thorn conjecture. The Thorn conjecture is that an algebraic curve in CP realizes the minimal genus in a given homology class. In a general algebraic surface,


Different wettability was acquired on aluminum surface by eroding,and then nucleation characteristics of NH4Cl crystal on the coarse surface were investigated by immerging the obtained surface into 30% NH4Cl(mass fraction)water solution.Experiment results indicate that: surface wettability shows a transformation from strong wettability to non-wettability on the pure aluminum surface which has a micron and nanometer double roughness structure during its exposure in the atmosphere.Nucleation density on the strongly wetting surface is significantly higher than that of the non-wetting surface.Analysis results show that the capillary effect helps the solution infiltrate into the surface rough structure and drive the air out of the coarse surface,so nucleation is promoted effectively by the sharp corners and hollows of the surface.The number of nucleation sites decreased significantly on the non-wetting surface.The reasons can be attributed to the air bubbles trapped in the surface structures which decrease the effective nucleation sites,moreover,the existing of air bubbles on the nucleation substrates leads to a higher nucleation energy barrier,thus the nucleation density is decreased on the non-wetting surface.


Lung cancer is the second most fatal and common cancer type which is followed by prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women (1,2). For locally advanced inoperable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), daily fractioned thoracic radiotherapy (RT) has been mainstay of treatment until early 1990s. The successful treatment of locally advanced NSCLC depends on the control of both clinically apparent intrathoracic disease and occult systemic micrometastasis commonly present at the time of diagnosis. Therapeutic regimen with RT alone fails to achieve these goals in more than a minority of patients (3,4).


Background: Diphtheria is an acute infectious preventable disease of childhood caused by C. diphtheriae. Diphtheria is a localized infection of mucous membrane or skin.

Methods: The present study was carried out in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology S.P. Medical College and associated group of hospital. In this study all cases of diphtheria and all age groups which attended ENT OPD and emergency department during period from 1/1/2010 to 31/12/2010 were included.

Results: In the present study highest numbers of cases were recorded among 5-10 years of age followed by 0-5 year of age group. 57.59% patients were male and 42.41% patients were female. It was found that occurrence of diphtheria was highest in month November and October and was quit frequent during September and December. No cases during April, June and July. It was observed that most common post diphtheria complication was myocarditis (23.42%) followed by neurological complication.

Conclusions: In order to prevent complication of the disease active immunization is customary and in order to detect the disease at early stage and for prompt treatment masses should be educated regarding the dreadful nature of the disease.


AIMS: The purpose of this article was to review the main evidence of the effects of spasticity on muscle tissue.
SOURCE OF DATA: We selected 35 articles in the databases PubMed and SciELO, from the year 1969. The key words used in the search process were spasticity, spastic, muscle architecture, muscle length, fascicle length, muscle histopathology, morphological changes, fiber type, sarcomere length, titin, stroke and cerebral palsy. From the analysis of titles and abstracts, 19 articles were selected, which made mention of muscle structural changes arising from a positive clinical spasticity. The other references were used to contextualize and to define general concepts necessary for introducing the topic.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: Different types of adaptation of muscle structure occur in subjects with spasticity when compared to healthy subjects. These changes may occur at the macroscopic and at the microscopic level. Spasticity may reduce the length and volume of the muscle, increasing the number of type I fibers, reducing sarcomere number and increase extracellular tissue in spastic muscles.
CONCLUSIONS: Spasticity affects the muscular skeletal system and prevents the development of normal motor functions.


A series of well-defined poly[(ethylene oxide)-b-2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PEO-b-PDMAEMA) diblock copolymers were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) techniques. Post-polymerization reactions were performed to transform a portion of the tertiary amine groups of the PDMAEpsilonMA into phosphorozwitterions. The aggregation behavior of the prepared zwitterionic block copolymers was investigated by static and dynamic light scattering techniques at 25 and 37 degrees C, in weakly basic and acidic aqueous solutions. Antiparasitic drugs used for the treatment of Leishmania were incorporated into the copolymer aggregates. The effect of the solution pH, the zwitterion content, temperature, and the quantity of the incorporated drug on the aggregation behavior of the copolymers was tested.


We discuss the quantum mechanics of B-factory experiments, and that of neutral K or B decay. Predictions for the processes to be studied at the B factories can be made through an approach based on amplitudes, rather than on wave functions. This approach avoids the puzzles of the "collapse of the wave function." In the treatment of the decay of a neutral K or B, the contributions of the different mass eigenstate components of the decaying particle must be evaluated at exactly the same spacetime point. Otherwise, the frequency predicted for the oscillation of the decay rate may be incorrect. According to the Standard Model (SM), CP violation comes from complex phase factors in the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) quark mixing matrix. In the B meson system, some of the anticipated CP-violating asymmetries can cleanly probe the phases of various products of CKM elements. Thus, these asymmetries can incisively test whether CKM phases are indeed the origin of CP violation. Most of the clean information on CKM phases will come from the decays of neutral B mesons. The neutral B meson B d, a – bd bound state, and its antiparticle — Bd, a b – d bound state, mix. As a result, the Bd– — Bd system has two mass eigenstates, B Heavy (BH) and BLight (BL), with complex masses μH(L) = mB + (−) ∆mB 2 − i Γ 2 . (1) Here, mB is the average of the B H and BL masses, ∆mB is their mass difference, and Γ is the width which to a very good approximation they have in common. 1 Due to the mixing, a neutral B which at some proper time τ = 0 is known to be a pure |B d〉 will not remain so. Rather, after a proper time τ it will have evolved into a state |B d(τ)〉, given according to the SM by Bd (τ) = e −i mB −i Γ 2     τ × × cos ∆mB 2 τ    Bd − i VtdVtb * Vtd * Vtb sin ∆mB 2 τ    Bd       (2) Similarly, a neutral B which at τ = 0 was a pure | Bd〉 will have evolved after proper time τ into a state | — Bd(τ)〉 which, like |Bd(τ)〉, is a superposition of pure |B d〉 and pure | — Bd〉. Note from Eq. (2) that, until it decays, a |B d(τ)〉 oscillates back and forth between being a pure |B d〉 and a pure | — Bd〉. Future, complementary experiments on CP violation in B decays will be carried out at dedicated high-luminosity e +e– colliders ("B factories") and at hadron facilities. At the B factories, the B mesons will be produced via the process e+e– → Υ(4s) → BB . (3) Half the time, the B mesons yielded by this process will be neutral, and it is only this case with which we shall be concerned.


The quantitative analysis of drainage system is an important aspect of characterization of watersheds. Using watershed as a basic unit in morphometric analysis is the most logical choice because all hydrologic and geomorphic processes occur within the watershed. Shaliganga Sub catchment comprises of two watersheds with a total area of 354 km² and has been selected for the present study. Various linear parameters (Stream order, Stream number, Stream length, stream length ratio, Bifurcation ratio, Drainage density, Texture ratio, Stream frequency) and shape factors (Compactness coefficient, Circularity ratio, Elongation ratio, Form factor) of the Sub catchment were computed at watershed level. This was achieved using GIS to provide digital data that can be used for different calculations


Introduction Poor sleep hygiene portends loss of physical and mental stamina. Therefore, maintaining a regular sleep/wake schedule on both weekdays and weekends is highly recommended. However, this advice runs contrary to the habits of university students, who may only experience recovery sleep if they sleep late on weekends. Pharmacy students at Duquesne University sit for frequent examinations, typically commencing at 7:30 AM, and they complain about fatigue. Here, we tested the central hypothesis that longer sleep durations on weekdays and weekends are linked to stronger academic performance in Pharmacy students. Methods Students in their first professional year were administered three surveys to collect data on sleep habits and factors that might influence sleep, such as roommates, long commute times, and sleep interruptions. GPAs were collected from the Dean's office, with permission from the students. Results Longer weekend—but not weekday—sleep durations were significantly correlated with higher cumulative GPAs in men and not in women. Women achieved slightly higher cumulative GPAs than men. Students who fell asleep within 15 minutes of going to bed had higher professional-phase GPAs than those who fell asleep after an hour or more. Conclusion Our observations cannot establish causal links, but, given the body of prior evidence on the salutary properties of sleep, men in this cohort may reap benefit from recovery sleep on weekends. Rather than recommending that students force themselves awake early on weekends in an attempt to maintain a consistent sleep routine, the real-life habits of students should be given consideration.


Oboflavanone B, a revision of Oboflavanone A, has unique structure. Intrigued by its key 2,8-dioxabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane structure and chromanone structure, this paper discussed and reported a proposal towards the synthesis of this product. This work provides a theoretically feasible retrosynthesis, which utilized coupling reactions to connect the two main parts of the natural product. The key strategy of these syntheses involves Heck reactions, Fries rearrangement and addition reactions. To ensure the chiral of the target product, the chiral of the reactant was restricted in this work. The synthesis went through a total 12 steps process, containing 4 steps on protecting and deprotecting reactions. All the substrates given in each step are available in this strategy.


This article analyzes the short story Everyday Use written by black female American writer Alice Walker.Walker uses symbolism,contrast,simile etc.to reveal the theme of the story that the black should inherit the excellent traditional culture in good faith.


The sign types corresponding to an affine Weyl group Wa were first studied in [3]. In the present paper, I generalize all the results of [3] on sign types to the case when Wa is an indecomposable affine Weyl group of an arbitrary type. As a result, I verify Carter's conjecture on the cardinality of sign types of type is an indecomposable root system of an arbitrary type. The main results are Theorems 2.1 and 8.1. We start with the definition of an admissible sign type in terms of a 0-tuple over Z. Then §§ 3-5 are reserved for the proof of Theorem 2.1. Theorem 2.1 asserts that the set 5^(0) of admissible sign types can be identified with the set of certain equivalence classes of Wa. We also deduce in §6 that £?( . Let 0 + , 0 ~ be the corresponding positive and negative root systems of 0 . Let E be the Euclidean space spanned by 0 with positive definite inner product such that |a| = = 1 for any short root a of 0 . For any oce0, a = 2a/ is called the coroot of a. The set 0 v = {a | aeO} of coroots is again a root system such that the set {a/, ...,aj} affords a choice of simple root system in it. Let — o be the highest short root of 0 . Then ( — o^) is the highest (co)root of 0 v . Let h be the Coxeter number of 0 . Then h is also the Coxeter number of 0 v . Let Wbt the Weyl group of 0 generated by the reflections^ on £"for a e 0 , where Received 14 February 1986. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification 20H15. J. London Math. Soc. (2) 35 (1987) 56-74 SIGN TYPES CORRESPONDING TO AN AFFINE WEYL GROUP 57 sa sends x t o j c a . Let Q denote the root lattice 2 + over Z. The following results are well known. LEMMA 1.1 [4, Lemma 1.1]. Let Ax = n + ^t;fca witn kaeZ. Then Ak is an alcove of E if and only if for any cc,fie , the inequality


A low-profile, vertical polarized, ultra-wideband (UWB), end-fire scanning phased array operating at UHF band is proposed in this paper. The array consists of 16 log-periodic monopole array antennas (LPMAs) and is flush-mounted in a shallow cavity to further reduce the array height. Simulated results show an operating frequency band from 300 to 900 MHz and end-fire radiation patterns with ±45° scanning performance in horizontal planes, demonstrating that the proposed end-fire array is suitable for low-profile, conformal applications with satisfactory scanning performance.


A B S T R A C T The metabolism of "C-labeled testosterone by cultured human fibroblasts and amniotic fluid cells was investigated. Radiolabeled testosterone was incu-bated with the cultured cells for 48 hr, and the labeled metabolites present in the medium were subsequently identified. The major metabolic products of testosterone formed by cultured fibroblasts were A'-androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone, androsterone, and androstanediol. The amount of testosterone metabolized through each of two pathways was calculated and used to form a ratio designated the 17f-hydroxyl/17-ketonic ratio. Fibro-blasts from normal male and female children and adult females had high 17P-hydroxyl/17-ketonic ratios indicating testosterone metabolism occurred primarily through the 17P-hydroxyl pathway. There was a change in the pattern of testosterone metabolism with age in males, i.e., adult males had much lower 17#-hydroxyl/17-ketonic ratios than did male children. The testosterone metabolism of fibroblast cultures derived from three children with testicular feminization and their mothers was compared to normal age and sex-matched controls. Fibroblasts of children with testicular feminization metabolized testosterone predominantly through the 17-ketonic pathway and manifested a pattern of testosterone metabolism distinctly different from their sex and age matched controls. The mothers of children with testicular feminization could be distinguished from normal females by their much lower 17#-hydroxyl/17-ketonic ratios. The much lower amounts of dihydrotestosterone and androstanediol produced by fibroblasts from patients with testicular feminization as compared with normals suggests there is a decrease in testosterone 5a-reductase activity in these patients. Cultured amniotic fluid cells metabolized testosterone to the same four major metabolites found in fibroblast cultures, but their activity was much lower than that of fibroblasts. Most of the amniotic fluid cell cultures mne-tabolized testosterone largely through the 173-hydroxyl pathway as did fibroblasts from normal children. INTRODUCTION The technique of cell culture has been widely used in recent years to investigate the biochemical basis of many hereditary diseases. Cultured skin fibroblasts and cultured amniotic fluid cells have been used to detect genetic disorders of lipid, amino acid, mucopolysaccharide, and carbohydrate metabolism (1, 2). By use of the cell culture technique, homozygous and heterozygous states have been detected and distinguished for some genetic disorders. Sweat et al. in 1958 and Berliner, Swim, and Dougherty in 1960 studied the metabolism of proges-terone, cortisol, and corticosterone by cultured human fibroblasts (3, 4), thus demonstrating the feasibility of using the cell culture technique for the study of steroid metabolism. We wished to apply the technique of cell culture …


ABSTRACT Under water deficit, chemical elements in a dry fertilizer go into solution in the soil with difficulty and nutrients are less available to the plant. Foliar fertilization could compensate for nutrient deficiency due to water deficit. The study evaluated effects of foliar application of Tecamin flower® at 0 or 2.5 mL∙L−1 and deficit irrigation at 50% or 100% field capacity on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cvs. Bobcat, Finenss and Hadeer. "Finenss" receiving 50% irrigation produced the most flowers/plant (~192.50). "Finenss" and "Hadeer" had the most flowers/plant (~187.16 and 183.00, respectively) at the 2.5 mL∙L−1 Tecamin flower® rate. "Bobcat" irrigated at 100% with 2.5 mL∙L−1 of Tecamin flower® treatment produced the highest Fruit weight (~212.50) and total yield (13.80 kg m−2). "Hadeer" receiving full irrigation and 2.5 mL∙L−1 of Tecamin flower® had less time to flowering (21.00 day). "Bobcat" irrigated at 50% with 2.5 mL∙L−1 of Tecamin flower® had the most clusters/plant (~14.00). Foliar application of Tecamin flower® played a role in alleviating negative impact of water deficit.


The shapes of inclusions extracled from low-carbon aluminum-killed steel from the continuous casting process have been observed by use of a scanning elec tron microscope. The results obtained are summarized as fo llows. (1 ) Sha/les of inclusions in the sleel are classified into jive grou/ls , that is, dendritic tyjle, cloud-like t:41e, dumjlling-like l.J'pe, block-like type, and others. (2) The inclusion of dendritic type is a crystal, but those of cloud-like type and dumpling-like type are coagulation p roducts of small particles. The block-like tyjle inclusions are considered as exogeneolls ones.


IN A M O D E S T ADVERTISEMENT on the financial page of the Minneapolis Tribune on Friday, October 20, 1885, the Bank of Nova Scotia let the pubfic know that its new Minneapolis branch was open for business at 414 Nicollet Avenue on "premises lately occupied by Jobbers' Association." The branch was ready to make loans, buy and sell exchange, and make collections "in all parts of Canada on the most favorable terms." ̂ For the next seven years the branch bank in Minneapolis conducted a profitable business that contributed measurably to the young city's rapid expansion into a major financial and commercial center. Importing experienced banking personnel, sophisticated banking techniques, and, most important, capital, the Bank of Nova Scotia set standards of success and conduct that local institutions sought to emulate. Reciprocally, profits that the Minneapolis branch made helped the mother bank in Halifax to weather the economic crises affiicting eastern Canada throughout the 1880s and early 1890s. There was nothing singular about a Canadian bank establishing a branch in the United States. Canadian banks had long had close relations with New York and usually kept substantial balances there. Some Canadian banks also maintained offices in other United States cities. The Bank of Montreal, for instance, had a Chicago office. So did the Canadian Bank of Commerce untd 1886, when it became "very difficult to lend surplus monies profitably" and that Chicago office had to close. In addition, the Canadian Bank of Commerce maintained an office in New Orleans to finance cotton shipments (a hostile legislature finally drove it out ) and a San Francisco branch. These, however, were large institutions: the Bank of Montreal was Canada's


Renz et al[1][1] analyzed rapid release of cytochrome c after treatment of the Jurkat cells with agonistic anti–CD-95 monoclonal antibody, staurosporin, etoposide, and doxorubicine. Authors estimated cell death by release of large amounts of intracellular cytochrome c simultaneously with lactate


In recent years, implicit learning theory has been one of the focuses of cognitive psychology research, and foreign language learning has important enlightening significance. This article aims to introduce implicit learning and its characteristics, and on this basis, discuss the application of implicit learning in foreign language learning.


Tropical secondary forests (SF) play an important role in the global carbon cycle as a major terrestrial carbon sink. Here, we use high‐resolution TerraClass data set for tracking land use activities in the Brazilian Amazon from 2004–2014 to detect spatial patterns and carbon sequestration dynamics of secondary forests (SF). By integrating satellite lidar and radar observations, we found the SF area in the Brazilian Amazon increased from approximately 22 Mha (106 ha) in 2004 to 28 Mha in 2014. However, the expansion in area was also accompanied by a dynamic land use activity that resulted in about 50% recycling of SF area annually from frequent clearing and abandonment. Consequently, the average age of SF remained less than 10 years (age ~8.2 with one standard deviation of 3.2 spatially) over the period of the study. Estimation of changes of carbon stocks shows that SF accumulates approximately 8.5 Mg ha−1 year−1 aboveground biomass during the first 10 years after clearing and abandonment, 4.5 Mg ha−1 year−1 for the next 10 years followed by a more gradual increase of 3 Mg ha−1 year−1 from 20 to 30 years with much slower rate thereafter. The effective carbon uptake of SF in Brazilian Amazon was negligible (0.06 ± 0.03 PgC year−1) during this period, but the interannual variability was significantly larger (±0.2 PgC year−1). If the SF areas were left to grow without further clearing for 100 years, it would absorb about 0.14 PgC year−1 from the atmosphere, partially compensating the emissions from current rate of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon.


In this work we show that 2-dimensional, simply connected, translating solitons of the mean curvature flow embedded in a slab of ℝ3 with entropy strictly less than 3 must be mean convex and thus, thanks to a result by Spruck and Xiao are convex. Recently, such 2-dimensional convex translating solitons have been completely classified, up to an ambient isometry, as vertical planes, (tilted) grim reaper cylinders, Δ-wings and bowl translater. These are all contained in a slab, except for the rotationally symmetric bowl translater. New examples by Ho man, Martín and White show that the bound on the entropy is necessary.


To investigate the potential of novel postprocessing and visualization techniques to distinguish presence of collateral flow using Bolus Tracking MRI. Collateral blood supply is believed to be of paramount importance in acute stroke, yet clinical evaluation is challenging as the gold standard digital subtraction angiography is often not feasible in the acute scenario.


The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an important electrochemical reaction and a major bottleneck for fuel cells. Due to the existence of a scaling relation between the adsorption energies of two key intermediates involved in ORR, OOH*, and OH*, the electrocatalytic activity for the ORR, to a first approximation, is determined by a single descriptor. This descriptor-based approach has been used to screen for electrocatalyst materials that have an optimal binding energy of oxygen intermediates. However, given that this descriptor-based search relies on several approximations, it is crucial to determine the overall predictability of the descriptor-based model to determine the activity of a catalyst. In this work, we develop a formalism for estimating uncertainty for the activity of a catalyst in an electrocatalytic reaction scheme and apply this framework to determine errors involved in describing the ORR activity. We perform density functional theory calculations using the Bayesian Error Estimation Funct...


Engineered nanoparticles from metals aggravate spinal cord injury induced neuropathic pain syndrome and exacerbate blood-spinal cord barrier breakdown, astrocytic activation and neural injury : Neuroprotective effects of cerebrolysin


The current financial and accounting system of the colleges and universities are in discord with the socialism market economic and public finance pattern in the on account reference, calculating repair and maintenance fund and immaterial assets, accounting system and accounting item setting. Drawing on the experience and accounting item setting Drawing on the experience of corporate financial and accounting system and the convention of international nonprofit organization, We should innovate the present accounting item setting and investment accounting. The system of talent cost accounting and the fixed assets depreciation should be founded.


The efficient, convenient, and robust execution of data-driven workflows and enhanced data  management are essential for productivity in scientific computing. In HPC, the concerns of storage  and computing are traditionally separated and optimised independently from each other and the  needs of the end-to-end user. However, in complex workflows, this is becoming problematic. These  problems are particularly acute in climate and weather workflows, which as well as becoming  increasingly complex and exploiting deep storage hierarchies, can involve multiple data centres. The key contributions of this paper are: 1) A sketch of a vision for an integrated data-driven  approach, with a discussion of the associated challenges and implications, and 2) An architecture  and roadmap consistent with this vision that would allow a seamless integration into current  climate and weather workflows as it utilises versions of existing tools (ESDM, Cylc, XIOS, and  DDN's IME). The vision proposed here is built on the belief that workflows composed of data, computing,  and communication-intensive tasks should drive interfaces and hardware configurations to  better support the programming models. When delivered, this work will increase the opportunity  for smarter scheduling of computing by considering storage in heterogeneous storage systems.  We illustrate the performance-impact on an example workload using a model built on measured  performance data using ESDM at DKRZ.


In this work, we characterize the shale gas properties of the Frasnienne formation that is located in the Ahnet basin of the Algerian Sahara. Our objective is based on an interpretation of the diagraphic data using a geochemical, géomechanic, petrophysic studies that contribute to the determination of the necessary parameters to realize a technical comparative study between our results and the minimal criteria determining the exploitability of a shale gas reservoir from side, the other side with the properties of some American basins which are already in production of this gas. We are concluded that this formation has good characteristics which make it technically exploitable. Economically, the profitable exploitability requires a local technology and an acceptable gas price, the current price turns the development of these reservoirs unfavorable.


Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks is flattering ever more challenging with the vast resources and techniques increasingly available to attackers. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks constitutes one of the most important threats and among the hardest security problems in today's Internet of particular concern are Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, whose collision can be proportionally severe. In this paper, consider sophisticated attacks that are protocol-compliant, non-intrusive, and utilize legitimate application-layer requests to overwhelm system resources. I have characterize application-layer resource attacks as either request flooding, asymmetric, or repeated one-shot, on the basis of the application workload parameters that they exploit. To protect servers from these attacks, propose a counter-mechanism that consists of a suspicion assignment mechanism and a DDoS-resilient scheduler, DDoS Shield. In contrast to prior work, our distrust mechanism assigns a continuous valued vs. binary measure to each client session, and the scheduler utilizes these values to determine if and when to schedule a session's requests. Using tested experiments on a web application, demonstrate the strength of these resource attacks and evaluate the efficiency of our counter-mechanism. For instance, affect an asymmetric attack which overwhelms the server resources, increasing the response time of legitimate clients from 0.1 seconds to 10 seconds. Under the same attack scenario, DDoS Shield limits the effects of false-negatives and false-positives and improves the victims' performance to 0.8 seconds.


Community question answering(CQA) websites such as Yahoo! Answers and Stack Overflow provide a new way of asking and answering questions which are not well served by general web search engines. Due to the huge volume and ever-increasing number of questions, not all new questions can get fully answered in required time. Therefore, it is of great significance to design some effective strategies of recommending experts for new questions. In this paper, we propose a novel personalized recommendation method for routing new questions to a group of experts. Different from prior work which only considers the topic modeling or the link structure, we aim at recommending new questions to more appropriate experts by considering both of these two factors. Moreover, we design a new strategy of network construction with the personalization fully considered. The comparison experiments are conducted with Stack Overflow data and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method improves the recommendation performance over other methods in expert recommendation.


Abstract : Cyanide (CN) remains a viable threat as a chemical warfare agent. Methemoglobin (MHb) formation is one strategy used to counter CN toxicity. It has been suggested that blood levels of 5-12% MHb will protect a human against a 2X MLD (median lethal dose) of CN. Available MHb formers present certain drawbacks and limitations. To identify improved MHb formers, we characterized the locomotor activity effects and MHb formation capacity of three MHb formers with established efficacy against CN (p-aminopropiophenone PAPP, p-aminoheptanoylphenone PAHP and p-aminooctanoylphenone PAOP) as a function of time, dose (9.4-125.0 mg/kg) and route of administration (IM versus IP). Mice received a single injection of a test compound or its solvent, and were either placed in an automated activity monitoring chamber for 1 hr or monitored for MHb levels for 3 hr. Sodium nitrite (100 mg/kg) served as the positive control. Dose-related MHb formation was observed for each compound. A typical time-dependent decline in activity was exhibited in negative control groups and in drug-treated groups that exhibited greater than 20% MHb. A route of administration effect was also observed with PAHP and PAOP. These locomotor activity data, combined with other findings, support the idea that compounds producing low MHb levels can be effective against CN without debilitating side effects.


Life finds a way in the most extreme environments on Earth and sparks the imagination about far-off places where we may yet find it.


IN 1870 Dr. Tyndall described the dark or dust-free plane which rises from a hot body in illuminated dusty air, and gave two explanations of the dust-freeness of this dark space. Another explanation was suggested by Dr. Frankland. In 1881 Lord Rayleigh re-examined the phenomenon, and discovered that a cold body gave a similar down-streaming plane. He also suggested a totally different explanation. The writers discuss all these suggested explanations, and see reasons for rejecting them all. They have, moreover, observed that the dark plane rising from a hot body is only a prolongation of a well-defined dust-free coat of nearly uniform thickness under ordinary circumstances surrounding the body, and they point out that this dark coat is the thing really requiring explanation, the dark plane being merely due to the up-carrying of portions of this coat by convection currents.


Based on the summary of the inspection effect for one hydrogeological year of stage II geological disaster prevention project of Xingshan county in Three Gorges region,this paper puts forward the relevant and effective methods for the harnessing of landslide,dangerous rock body,collapsed bank and other different geological disasters,and proposes suggestions for the future inspection of geological disaster prevention projects.


Advice on how to get the most out of your college years. Advice on how to get the most out of your college years.


The fundamental flaw of the National Marine Sanctuaries Act is its lack of a singular focus on preservation. This conclusion is all the more obvious when it is compared to the Wilderness Act, enacted just eight years before. The stated objective of the Wilderness Act is to preserve roadless areas of "untrammeled" wilderness. More than 675 wilderness areas in 44 states have been designated under the Act's auspices. The Wilderness Act has proved to be an effective conservation and management tool because it established: a clear national policy to preserve wilderness; a specific and practical definition of wilderness; a permanent wilderness preservation system; clear management guidelines for all wilderness areas, including a general prohibition on commercial enterprises, roads, and structures; a wilderness review process that included an inventory of all potential sites and a time limit for the executive branch to recommend suitable wilderness areas to Congress; and, Congress as the exclusive decision-maker on granting and removing wilderness area designations (Scott 2001). In contrast, the Sanctuaries Act lacks a central focus on preservation and a rigorous process to achieve it. Congress has never defined what constitutes a sanctuary system, vaguely identifies the Act's purpose as protecting special areas of national significance, and does not outright prohibit any extractive uses. Guidelines do not exist as to where or how many sanctuaries must be established by the Secretary of Commerce, nor is there a requirement for a comprehensive survey to identify all potential sanctuaries.


In order to generate, in a relatively short time, operating tasks processes to be used in a computer system to be managed, this second management computer (i.e., a management server) acquires all or some of a plurality of task components from a first management computer (i.e., a content management server), generates operating task processes on the basis of the acquired plurality of task components, and executes operating tasks for the computer system according to the generated operating task processes. The second management computer manages the execution results of the operating task processes, and supplies the execution results to the first management computer. The first management computer acquires configuration information and the execution results of the operating task processes from the second management computer, retrieves task component candidates on the basis of a request from the second management computer, presents the task component candidates to the second management computer, and provides selected task components to the second computer.


ABSTRACT International debates on forest-based rural small enterprise development provide the theoretical context in this study. The research focuses upon the constraints that inhibit the growth and expansion of rural non-farm small medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) in the forestry sector in the Wild Coast spatial development initiative (SDI).


Since the start intervention programs with violent men they recognized that this is
a complex process that requires work on the transformation of unjust and degrading
towards women relations, it is necessary to deepen the theme of violence from a feminist
foundation. Currently two types of categories are evident to intervene with men who
decide to exercise violence: intervention applies only technical procedures for controlling
behavior and intervention that articulates a feminist conception for deep analysis of this
complex problem.
The feminist view argues that gender roles are socially constructed, this social
construction reflects a patriarchal system that has subjectivized men and women to play
inequitable roles, and it is for this reason that is necessary to deconstruct the imaginary
and the limiting action of traditional roles.
An essential concept to think of "aggressors" is masculinity, currently under
discussion on men and masculinities dominant configuration. The patriarchal system has
a model of masculinity that ranks the big man, which is characterized by the provider, is
always willing to give pleasure, not afraid and solve their problems with aggression to
show their strength, but express your feelings is a sign of weakness. For this reason it is
necessary to question, discuss and reconstruct the meanings of masculinity, this process
will not be easy but it is essential to understand the various changes in gender relations in
public and private spaces.


Human isolated gastrointestinal muscle, and circular muscle from ralbbit caecum, responds to electrical field stimulation at relatively low pulse widths with contractions which are only partly antagonized by tetrodotoxin (TTX) (Metcalfe & Bennett, 1971; Small, 1971). We (and Paton, personal communication) have found a similar effect in the longitudinal muscle of guinea-pig ileum. Segments of ileum 1-2 cm long were suspended in Krebs solution bubbled with 5% CO2 in 02 at 370 C under a load of 0-5 g. Each preparation was stimulated for 20 or 30 s by alternating square wave pulses between platinum wire electrodes at the top and bottom of the organ bath. Responses were recorded with an isotonic transducer and a pen recorder. The amplitude of the contractions varied with frequency (2-64 Hz), pulse width (01-100 ms) and voltage (7-17 V/cm). TTX (0-2-1 ,ug/ml) reduced but did not abolish the responses (Fig. 1). The subsequent experiments were to determine whether these unblocked contractions were due to stimulation of TTX-resistant nerves, to release of a mediator, or to direct electrical excitation of the muscle cells.


The goal of the studies towards the degree of Licentiate of Medicine is to provide the students with such knowledge, skills and psycho-social abilities that will enable them, after graduation, to successfully function as experts, developers and team participants and leaders in hospitals as well as in primary health care. An additional goal is that a graduate will have the prerequisite skills for research work and post-graduate study as well as the ability and motivation for lifelong learning. The instruction, which emphasizes the regular updating of knowledge, has a strong connection to scientific research. The contents of instruction have been derived from the goals, and they are under constant evaluation and development.


Aims:  To undertake an immunohistochemical analysis of squamous elements in endometrioid proliferations of the uterus and ovary and to compare the immunophenotype of typical squamous elements and so‐called squamous morules.


Sea buckthorn (Hippophae sp.) belonging to family Elaegnaceae grows extensively in cold desert areas of Hindu Kush Himalayas as a soil binding shrub and its cultivation is further encouraged as an afforestation plant. It is reported to be the only shrub which can withstand adverse climatic conditions (-43deg to +40degC) of cold deserts (Li and Schroeder, 1996). It occurs as a native plant in many temperate zones of the world (27deg-69degN latitude, 7degW and 122degE longitude) including Asia and Europe (Rousi, 1971). In India, sea buckthorn grows wild at higher altitudes (2500-4300 m amsl) in many parts of Lahaul Spiti, Chamba and Kinnaur districts of Himachal Pradesh, Leh and Ladakh regions of Jammu and Kashmir besides Sikkim (Singh, 1998).


Amnemus quadrituberculatus (Boh.) and A. superciliaris (Pasc.), which are insects native to Australia, are pests of pasture legumes in northern New South Wales (Braithwaite and Jane 1963). Pantomorus cervinus (Boh.), a widely distributed species, was first recorded in Australia as Asynonychw godmani Crotch, by Gurney 1934, and is a recognised pest of citrus in New South Wales (Hely 1948). Graphognarhus leucoloma (Boh.), an important pest species with a wide geographical and host range, was first recorded in Australia by Wallace, 1940. The following notes on Queensland distribution are compiled from the records and collection of the Queensland Department of Primary Industries.


The invention relates to a method for operating a hydraulic brake system (1) of a vehicle, in which the part of a brake control unit (6) a request for autonomous brake pressure build-up in at least one wheel brake cylinder of the brake system (1) is present and the brake system (1) includes the following components: a master brake cylinder (4), a master brake cylinder (4) hydraulically connected downstream cut-off valve (11.1, 11.2), one in a hydraulic connection between the master brake cylinder (4) and at least one wheel brake cylinder having wheel brake (10.11 10.12 10:21, 10:22) disposed inlet valve ( 12.1, 11.12, 12.2, 12.21), a wheel brake (10.11 10.12 10:21, 10:22) hydraulically connected downstream outlet valve (13.1, 13.11, 13.2, 13:21), an exhaust valve (13.1, 13.11, 13.2, hydraulically downstream 13:21) and brake medium at least partially filled low-pressure accumulator (14.1, 14.2), a suction side to the low-pressure accumulator (14.1, 14.2) and the pressure side to the inlet valve (12.1, 11.12, 12.2, 21.12) is hydraulically connected to the hydraulic pump (15.1, 15.2). According to the invention the hydraulic pump (15.1, 15.2) is provided that for the construction of an autonomous braking pressure driven, the separating valve (11.1, 11.2) is closed and the outlet valve (13.1, 13.11, 13.2, 13:21) is opened by a predetermined opening time period, wherein the opening period of time by the dead time of the hydraulic pump (15.1, 15.2) is preset, and during the opening period of the exhaust valve (13.1, 13.11, 13.2, 13:21) of the wheel brake cylinder from the partially filled low-pressure accumulator (14.1, 14.2) is prefilled.


Our study examines the curvilinear relationship between one's advice network centrality and various work outcomes in tech firms, and investigates the extent to which individuals' political skills can reduce the downside risks of large informational networks. We conducted a comprehensive study by collecting information from multiple sources – interviews, individual surveys and individual performance data – from two Chinese firms. Our results reveal that individuals' advice network centrality is curvilinearly associated with their work performance. We also examine the extent to which one poses a hindrance to others. The results reveal a curvilinear relationship between one's advice network centrality and hindrance network centrality, indicating exponentially increasing marginal effects on hindering others when one's advice network centrality becomes higher. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that political skills assist individuals in managing large advice networks and avoid hindering others. The statistical results with these two alternative centrality measures provide similar results, showing that our findings are not sensitive to the choice of cut-off value to define advice ties. centrality curvilinearly their work well-accepted positive relationship between advice network centrality and work performance only a certain threshold level of advice network centrality. centrality exceeds the threshold, its positive effect on work performance negative. Our suggest effect one's on on of one's advice individual's individual's performance. negative effects of a large salient.


AUC measure, which is used for classifier evaluation and represents one of the main tools of ROC analysis, has certain shortcomings. It ignores scores of instances and considers only their ranking order. The consequence is its unreliability in evaluating instance sets, where the differences between scores are negligible. Another disadvantage of the AUC is its low informative quality when mutually comparing sets containing the same number of errors.
For these reasons, researchers have proposed improvements of the AUC, which also take score values into account. In this thesis we address four such measures. However, it has been ascertained that they do not solve all the problems and may even introduce new ones. In the case of these variants, the improper influence of the attributes of considered instance sets on their behavior may arise.
The essential purpose of this thesis has been to acquire a new measure from the basic AUC and its derived variants eliminating the disadvantages mentioned and offering trustworthy and more informative evaluation of classifier performance. To achieve the goal, we also have intended to control and adjust the abovementioned influences of the instance sets.
Thus, the main result of this thesis is the new measure for the evaluation of classifiers, which has been tested in supervised environment. Considering the diversity of scores obtained from different classifiers we have included parameters allowing us to adjust the performance of the new measure. As a result, the measure should be more generally applicable. On the basis of final comparison of the variants and taking some presumptions into account we believe that the newly proposed measure has certain advantages over the existing variants.


There have been a lot of advances in the field of Augmented Reality (AR), but there is limited research on the combined usage of AR and physical displays (known as Hybrid Reality Environments). We explore hybrid reality environments using a combination of Augmented Reality and high-density displays for large graph visualisation. We present the design of a system and early observation from a pilot study involving navigation in such a system.


The discovery of a pesticide metabolite that is transformed into the human carcinogen NDMA during ozonation treatment raises issues for future toxicity testing.


∗Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet Matematički odsjek, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, email: firstname.lastname@example.com †Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet Matematički odsjek, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, email: firstname.lastname@example.com Matea Pavlek , Ozren Perše In this survey article, we present a construction of the cross product on Rn, following the paper by P. F. McLoughlin, arXiv:1212.3515. We show that a naturally defined cross product exists only for n = 0, 1, 3, 7 (here R0 denotes the zero vector space over R). We study the relationship between the cross product and Hurwitz's theorem on the existence of normed algebras only for dimensions n = 1, 2, 4, 8, and the relationship with Adams' theorem on continuous multiplications on spheres. Furthermore, we consider the possibilities of a generalization of the cross product on Rn, from the function of two variables to the function of several variables.


Marine microbes control the flux of matter and energy essential for life in the oceans. Until now, the distribution and diversity of planktonic microorganisms above Fe-Mn crusts has received relatively little attention. Future mining\dredging of these minerals is predicted to affect microbial diversity and functioning in the deep sea. Here, we studied the ecology of planktonic microbes among pelagic environments of an Fe-Mn deposit region, at Rio Grande Rise, Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. We investigated microbial community composition using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and their abundance estimated by flow cytometry. Our results showed that the majority of picoplanktonic was found in epi- and mesopelagic waters, corresponding to the Tropical Water and South Atlantic Central Water. Bacterial and archaeal groups related to phototrophy, heterotrophy and chemosynthesis, such as Synechococcales, Sar11 (Proteobacteria) and Nitrosopumilales (Thaumarchaeota) were the main representatives of the pelagic microbial community. Additionally, we detected abundant assemblages involved in biodegradation of marine organic matter and iron oxidation at deep waters, i.e., Pseudoalteromonas and Alteromonas. No differences were observed in microbial community alpha diversity. However, we detected differences in community structure between water masses, suggesting that changes in an environmental setting (i.e. nutrient availability or circulation) play a significant role in structuring the pelagic zones, also affecting the meso- and bathypelagic microbiome. Highlights Rio Grande Rise pelagic microbiome Picoplankton carbon biomass partitioning through pelagic zones Unique SAR11 Clade I oligotype in the shallowest Tropical Water Higher number of shared oligotypes between deepest water masses Nitrogen, carbon and sulfur may be important contributors for the pelagic microbiome


In this article, carbon management is framed as a domain in which active reflection on the uncertain significance of climate change takes material form in the construction of new infrastructures of carbon accounting and carbon markets. "Carbon" refers not to a chemical, per se, but to an imaginative space of global atmospheric relations rendered material. The historical ontology of carbon and atmosphere together form a distinctive global medium, as I describe. The atmosphere as medium is manifest in the informational spaces of digital platforms meant to do work on the human subjects of climate change. I describe the carbon accounting practices of two Beijing-based enterprises that are involved in building out the infrastructure of carbon accounting for the purpose of decarbonizing Chinese industry. Carbon is at the center of a contemporary formation that is imaginative, materialist, heavily quantified, and oriented toward the technical modification of human affairs. It supposes that humans as planetary agents have become significant in terms of collective activity that is historically recent, highly unequal, and global in scope. The human is configured not as a biological species, such as in debates on "life itself" or distinctions between humans and other species, or even in terms of an essential humanity that can provide the transcendent bonds of a moral community. Rather, carbon accounting formulates the human ecologically and geologically with an eye toward imagining the future forms these relations might take. Hence, climate change has identified the human as a contemporary problem with particular urgency.


with eagerness, they knew the pressing needs of the Colony still in its infancy. Madame la duchesse d'Aiguillon, niece of the Cardinal de Richelieu, whose zeal equalled her piety, resolved to furnish the necessary funds to build in the city of Quebec a hospital destined for the colonists and the Indians, as the savages of the country are called. Three nuns, nursing sisters of Dieppe, of the order of the Chanoinesses of St. Augustin, were chosen for this heroic enterprise. In company with the first group of Ursuline nuns, among whom was Mother Marie of the Incarnation (who was called the T6r'se of New France), they arrived at Quebec on the first of August after a frightful voyage of three months. At this moment an epidemic of smallpox broke out among the Hurons; the nursing sisters, lodged temporarily by the Jesuits, put themselves to work immediately and in less than three months they had given care to more than two hundred of these unfortunates whose filth was equalled only by their misery. A life of unheard-of sufferings and privations began for the group of noble women, which was to be theirs for more than a century. Their unconquerable courage, their great charity, were above everything. Extreme poverty, the cruelty of the Iroquois, fire, war-nothing could conquer their devotion. In 1642 occurred the founding of Ville-Marie, today Montreal, 180 miles from Quebec. The distance of the borough of Hochelaga (the Indian name for Montreal) from that of Stadaconna (the Indian name for Quebec) necessitated the establishment of a new hospital, that of the HAtel-Dieu of Montreal. The same sublime devotion, the same heroic sacrifices that were so admired at Quebec surrounded the cradle of Ville-Marie. To the great Jeanne Mance (the collaborator of Maisonneuve), whose ability and qualities we know, was entrusted the direction of the new hospital. She is the first woman who appears in the origin of Ville-Marie (Montreal). With her noble heart, her sound judgment, her enterprising spirit, her firm will, and her heroic virtues, she is the fine pure type after which her followers are modeled. She associated with her the nursing sisters of la Fleche to help her and to continue her work. The history of these noble and ancient institutions is the history of Montreal, of its heroic origin, of its stirring struggles, of its astonishing


Summary and Conclusions An agent pathogenic for guinea pigs has been isolated. The organisms appeared as small pleomorphic bacillary forms, staining red by the Machiavello method and gram negative. They were larger than the known rickettsia, as well as P. tularensis and Brucella, and were immunologically distinct from them. They grew fairly well in the yolk sac of the fertile hen's egg but were not cultivated on artificial media. The host range was limited to the guinea pig except when enormous doses were given. After a short incubation period, peritonitis was produced in the guinea pig, for which the agent was highly virulent, and a specific immunity resulted in recovered animals. The inflammatory reaction in the tissues was characterized chiefly by the presence of mononuclear cells. The organism appeared predominantly intracytoplasmic in impression smears of the spleen. The origin of the organism is in doubt. It has not been possible to identify it with any known group of pathogenic agents, but at present it may be termed "rickettsia-like" for descriptive purposes.


Let A={a_1,a_2,...,a_s} and {b_1,b_2,...,b_t} with s+r=n, the many to many point matching with demands and capacities matches each point a_i in A to at least alpha_i and at most alpha_i points in B, and each point b_j in B to at least beta_j and at most beta_j points in A for all 1 <= i <= s and 1 <= j <= t. In this paper, we present an O(n^4) time and O(n) space algorithm for this problem.


Highly selective cleavage reaction of pGlu-peptide bond is described. Two model peptides, pGlu-X-Ala-Phe-OH (X = Ile and Ser), and dog neuromedin U-8 (d-NMU-8) (1-7)-OH (pGlu-Phe-Leu-Phe-Arg-Pro-Arg-OH) were hydrolyzed in concentrated HCl at 0 degree C for from 6 days to 6 weeks to give the predominant cleavage products of pGlu-X linkage of pGlu-X-Ala-Phe-OH and the pGlu-Phe linkage of d-NMU-8 (1-7)-OH, respectively. The ring-opening reaction of the pyrrolidone moiety of the pGlu residue occurred to a considerably lesser extent.


Background: Bodily pain is a common condition in older adults and interferes with individuals' cognitive functioning. We aimed to evaluate the association between bodily pain and related locations and cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan. Method: In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, we enrolled 2022 participants aged 60‒70 years, from the Taiwan Biobank. Mini-Mental State Examination was performed to assess cognitive impairment. Further, logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the relationship between bodily pain and cognitive impairment. Results: Overall, 161 participants had cognitive impairment. Multivariable analysis showed that older adults who reported bodily pain were more likely than those who did not have cognitive impairment (odds ratio 1.68). Moreover, the occurrence of cognitive impairment correlated with the presence of two or more pain locations and self-reported low back and waist pain or sciatica. Conclusion: Our study revealed that cognitive impairment was associated with bodily pain in community-dwelling older adults, particularly older adults with low back and waist pain or sciatica and those with two or more pain locations. To maintain the quality of older adults' life, pain and cognitive decline need to be simultaneously assessed with considerably more precise and objective markers.


The coupling of acoustic energy to and from smooth fluid‐loaded thin shells can be described using techniques similar to the theory of geometrical diffraction. The frequency range of interest is below flexural coincidence but still high enough that asymptotic methods are applicable, which is approximately 10<ka<60. Two distinct mechanisms dominate this mid‐frequency range: (i) a ''background'' response determined by a local inertial impedance, and (ii) phase matching to longitudinal and shear waves, collectively called membrane waves. The background response can be approximated by a specular reflection, but membrane waves require global treatment over the whole structure. The methodology will be demonstrated by application to shells of nonseparable shape. Several distinct steps are involved: first the coupling curves are determined—these are the closed loci defined by phase matching with the incident wave. Fans of rays are sent out over the shell, each evolving according to a ray equation and a transport ...


Abstract : Almost all of the proposed project lies underwater in the harbor area. No significant sites would be disturbed by the project, with the possible exception of unlocated shipwrecks. However, the Buffalo area has numerous important historic prehistoric sites.


The University of Wurzburg, Germany has for several years already a successful pico-satellite student project called University-Wurzburg-Experimental satellite (UWE). The so far launched three sate ...


We propose models to explain the hierarchies of the quark masses and mixing by utilizing the $S_4^\prime$ modular flavor symmetry. The hierarchy is realized by the modulus $\tau$ stabilized at $\mathrm{Im}\,\tau \gg 1$, where the residual $Z_4^T$ symmetry is approximately unbroken and the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism works. It is found that the quark hierarchies are realized only in a few cases of quark representations. We study two models with assigning the modular weights, so that the observed quark hierarchies are explained in the cases of both small and large ratios of the top to bottom Yukawa couplings. We also argue that $\mathcal{O}({0.1})$ hierarchies of the $\mathcal{O}({1})$ coefficients can be explained by imposing another $S_3$ modular symmetry.


ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE WORKING GROUP ON AGEING, Second meeting, Geneva, 23–24 November 2009. Item 3 of the provisional agenda Summary: At its first meeting, the Working Group on Ageing adopted its programme of work for 2009– 2010 (ECE/WG.1/2008/3), which includes promoting the use of the newest research findings on intergenerational relationships to inform ageing-related policy. To implement this, the Bureau of the Working Group decided to organize an in-depth discussion on intergenerational relationships at the Working Group's second meeting (ECE/WG.1/2009/3). The note below, prepared by an expert1 in consultation with the secretariat, briefly explores the key policy issues in this area, with the aim to guide the discussion. The note will be accompanied by a detailed presentation and an interactive discussion with member States, which are invited to provide information from their respective countries in response to the questions contained herein. A more detailed paper, containing information discussed during the meeting, will be prepared subsequently and distributed to member States.


Research Interests and Motivations My thesis work focuses on designing new parallel approaches for analyzing large real-world networks. This area of research specialization lies at the interface of high performance computing and big data analytics. What makes network analysis so interesting is the variety of data that can be expressed using graph abstractions. A graph representation fits naturally for biological networks at various scales, intercommunication in social networks, visual and geospatial relationships, neural activity in the brain, and numerous other sources of data within the scientific realm. The computational difficulties associated with analyzing real-world graphs is widely recognized, and it is correspondingly listed as one of DARPA's 23 toughest mathematical challenges [1]. The high complexity, scale, and variation of graph-structured data poses an immense challenge in the design of techniques to study and derive insight from such data. Therefore, as we build more powerful supercomputers, it is important to understand how we can efficiently solve graph-theoretic problems on modern hardware. A 50× performance gap is sometimes observed between estimated and real running times due to programming model overhead, poor abstraction and subroutine choices, and sub-optimal data layouts. HPC platforms with manycore accelerators, such as GPUs or the Intel Xeon Phi, pose an entirely different set of challenges for algorithm designers to overcome. My primary research goals focus on tackling these problems through the optimization of graph analytics at all levels of hardware architecture, from thread to core to processor to single-node to multi-node to system-level scale. The fact that graph-structured data is so universal means that this research is useful to a large collection of data-intensive problems within the social and physical sciences. This abstract will describe some of the graph problems I've worked on throughout my doctoral program, their implementation, and their performance results relative to the prior state-of-the-art.


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease not only restricted to the joints, but can also be associated with the development of extra-articular manifestations. Extra-articular RA (ExRA) is of clinical importance because of the associated morbidity and increased risk of premature mortality compared with RA patients in general. The aims of this work were to identify patients with ExRA in early RA cohorts, to find risk factors for ExRA and poor outcome, and to study consequences of ExRA. Two community based cohorts, the BARFOT cohort and the Malmo RA cohort, were studied. The BARFOT cohort was an inception cohort, which was followed according to a structured protocol. An unselected population of RA outpatients more closely reflects the actual appearance of ExRA in a RA population. All patients fulfilled the 1987 ACR classification criteria for RA and severe ExRA was identified according to prespecified definitions (the Malmo criteria for ExRA). In the first paper the prevalence of rheumatoid nodules (RN) at early RA diagnosis was 7% and there was a strong association between smoking and RN, but only among those with antibodies to rheumatoid factor (RF). In the second paper risk factors for severe ExRA were investigated. High levels of disease activity and disability during the first 2 years after RA diagnosis, smoking and positive RF were predictors. In the third paper, the relation between RN at early RA diagnosis and joint damage was investigated. RN was a predictor of radiographic progression of joint destruction over 5 years. However, only antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides and presence of erosive disease at RA diagnosis were independently associated with radiographic progression. In the fourth paper the incidence of severe ExRA after treatment with the first TNF-inhibitor was studied. A lower incidence of ExRA was found in patients treated with TNF-inhibitors as compared to those not treated with TNF-inhibitors, although the differences did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, data from these studies suggest the following risk factors for ExRA: Smoking, high disease activity and disability burden and positive RF. The presence of RN at RA diagnosis was associated with radiographic progression. Treatment with TNF-inhibitors may decrease the incidence of ExRA. (Less)


We propose a novel approach for solving the image segmentation and grouping problem. Our approach focuses on color and regional proximity relations in the image data. We treat image pixels as nodes in the graph so that proximity relations among both pixel's color and position are kept in geometric spanners. Geometric spanners for both color and position are created in hierarchical data structure so-called balls hierarchy. Balls hierarchy creates a multiresolution hierarchical subgraph that reflects a great deal about the original graph while maintaining all the existing proximity information in the image. We show that balls hierarchy can be used for image segmentation and grouping problems. We have applied our novel approach to several exemplary images such as histopathologic images and found results encouraging.


We propose a method of document image retrieval using digital cameras. The proposed method takes as input parts or the whole of documents acquired as queries by a digital camera, and retrieve document images that include the queries. For this purpose, it is required to solve the problem of "perspective distortion" of images, as well as to establish a way for matching parts of document images flexibly. These are achieved based on the following characteristic points of the proposed method: (1) Indexing of document images using the projective invariant called the "cross-ratio", (2) Voting with hashes whose indices are defined by the cross-ratios. We also propose a method of removal of perspective distortion using point correspondence obtained through the retrieval. This method is utilized for extracting annotation from document images. From experimental results using digital cameras with high resolution and a camera phone, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The Wolfenstein parametrization of the 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3 Kobayashi-Maskawa (KM) matrix V is modified by keeping its unitarity up to an accuracy of O(${\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{6}$). This modification can self-consistently lead to the off-diagonal asymmetry of V, \ensuremath{\Vert}${\mathit{V}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{j}}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Vert}}}^{2}$-\ensuremath{\Vert}${\mathit{V}}_{\mathit{j}\mathit{i}}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Vert}}}^{2}$=Z ${\mathit{tsum}}_{\mathit{k}}$ ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{j}\mathit{k}}$ with Z\ensuremath{\approxeq}${\mathit{A}}^{2}$${\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{6}$(1-2\ensuremath{\rho}), which is comparable in magnitude with the Jarlskog parameter of CP violation J\ensuremath{\approxeq}${\mathit{A}}^{2}$${\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{6}$\ensuremath{\eta}. We constrain the ranges of J and Z by using the current experimental data, and point out that the possibility of a symmetric KM matrix has almost been ruled out.


In this master project, the proton radiation effects in thin film solar cells were studied. Electrical characterization was performed before and after radiation to determine the effects on Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and CuInxGa(1−x)Se2 (CIGS) cells. Proton radiation caused degradation on both types of cells. Room temperature annealing gave improved performance, but the recovery was slow. Thermal annealing at 100◦ C had notable impact on the basic current-voltage parameters. In CZTS cells, after 17 hours annealing, the open circuit voltage recovered completely, short-circuit current recovered almost completely and the fill factor had minor recovery. Quantum efficiency measurements showed degradation for both CIGS and CZTS devices in all wavelengths after radiation, and partial recovery after annealing. Doping density measurements were also implemented with two different methods, capacitance-voltage and drive level capacitance profiling. The radiation did not cause any significant change in the doping density. Additionally, admittance measurements that were performed in both types of cells, could not give conclusive results. Lastly, a model was also created before and after the radiation for a CZTS cell, in order to quantify the caused defects. To fit the experimental data after the radiation, an increase of defect density in the CZTS layer of 87% was needed.


The topic of this thesis is relation of sociolinguistic to dialect, moreover is focused on Berlin dialect. The aim of the thesis is to approximate main signs/characters of Berlin dialect, it´s origin and popularity of using of dialect at present. Thesis is dealing with linguistic science "Socio-dialectology" and the questions of this science.


This research cross-employed the Factor Analysis (FA) approach and the Entropy Compared Analysis (ECA) model of quantitative analysis and the fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) method of qualitative analysis to creatively pioneer the most effective and efficient Comprehensive Online Education Competitive Evaluation Model (COECEM). This was done in order to conduce the most Valuable Online Education Determinants (VOED) for exploring the most decisive online education determinants of sustainable strategy in the New Southbound Policy introduced in Taiwan. The most valuable findings are that "Keyword-search Engine (KE) and Web 3.0 (W3) of core factors of Social Media Technology (SMT)" and "feedback technology function (FTF) and Course Complete Rate (CCR) of critical factors of Massive Open Online Course (MOOCs)" directly and inductively influence "Teaching Resource Distribution Administrative Consensus (TRDAC) of Resource Satisfaction Competency (RSC)". The reason is that feedback technology function and course completion rate with keyword-search engine and Web 3.0 in online education technological supporting in taking online education courses are the most considered key factors during corporate employees selecting online education MOOCs for higher education institutes sustainable operation in support of the New Southbound Policy.


Thermal aware scheduling(TAS) is an important system level optimization for CMP and MPSoC. An event driven thermal estimation method which can assist dynamic TAS is proposed in this paper. The event driven thermal estimation is based upon a thermal map which is updated only when a high level event occurs. To minimize the overhead, while maintaining the estimation accuracy, the prebuilt look-up-tables and the superposition principle are used to speed up the solution of the thermal RC network. Experimental results show our method is accurate, producing thermal estimations of similar quality to existing thermal simulators, while having a considerably reduced computational complexity. Our event driven thermal estimation technique is significantly better, in terms of accuracy, than existing TAS schedulers, making it highly suitable for integration into the OS kernel.


This article is based on data from the Survey of Work Arrangements (SWA)1 conducted in November 1995. Sponsored by Human Resources Development Canada, the SWA was carried out by Statistics Canada as a supplement to the Labour Force Survey (LFS). In addition to the usual LFS variables, the SWA includes information on work hours (usual and actual, paid or unpaid, and paid or unpaid overtime), work schedules (regular day, night, shift work and so on), and working conditions (such as flexible time, working at home, job sharing, and non-salary benefits). It also includes a section on selfemployment. Moreover, the SWA collects information on unpaid overtime. These hours have not been considered in this study, however, since they could hardly be converted to new paid jobs.


OBJECTIVE
In abstinent alcoholic patients, a low availability of dopamine D2/3 receptors in the ventral striatum and adjacent putamen was associated with a high level of craving for alcohol. Alcohol craving may also depend on presynaptic dysfunction of striatal dopamine production, which may contribute to the risk of relapse. In this study, positron emission tomography (PET) was used to compare dopamine synthesis capacity in the striatum in alcoholic patients and healthy comparison subjects.

METHOD
Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to map the net blood-brain clearance of the dopa decarboxylase substrate 6-[18F]fluoro-l-dopa, an index of dopamine synthesis capacity, in the striatum of 12 detoxified male alcoholic patients and 13 age-matched healthy men. The parametric maps were correlated with results of an earlier [18F]desmethoxyfallypride PET study of dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in the same 12 alcoholic patients and in 12 of the healthy volunteers. Alcohol craving was measured with the Alcohol Craving Questionnaire. Patients were followed for 6 months, and alcohol intake was recorded.

RESULTS
The magnitude of net blood-brain clearance in the striatum did not differ significantly between detoxified alcoholic patients and the comparison subjects. However, a voxel-wise correlation analysis of net blood-brain clearance in the alcoholic patients linked low levels of dopamine synthesis capacity in the bilateral putamen with high levels of alcohol craving. After normalization of net blood-brain clearance maps to the voxel-wise estimates of dopamine D2/3 receptor availability, there was still a negative correlation with alcohol craving. Alcohol craving at the time of scanning was associated with high level of alcohol intake in the 6-month follow-up period.

CONCLUSIONS
Simultaneous assay by PET of pre- and postsynaptic markers of dopamine neurotransmission indicated that a striatal dopamine deficit correlated with alcohol craving, which was associated with a high relapse risk.


The main aims of this paper survey the types of conflicts that occur in multidatabase and concentrate on naming conflict and presents a new method depending on bridge design to resolve all types of naming conflicts and it provides examples for each type. Government units and large companies have different branches scattered over a wide area; each branch has its own database, these databases may be homogeneous or heterogeneous depending on the data itself, these branches need to integrate these databases to provide a unifor8m view of the data. In some organizations there may be legacy systems that can't interact with each other, so these organizations can't make use of these systems unless they are integrated together in one global database, here also comes the need for integrating already existing databases in one global database, due to the lack of integrated database many organizations make use of only a few parts of the collected data, since the data is coming from different sources and designers, so data collection and integration is now becoming the most important one of the information system area. There could be many conflicts which could make the integration very difficult.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect on sleep duration, pain level, first flatus and defecation time, and discharge of a mobilization program administered under nurse supervision and monitoring following open cholecystectomy. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed in February-August 2019 in the general surgery clinic of a public hospital. Considering the possibility of data loss, 68 patients meeting the research criteria were included. Two patients from the experimental group and two from the control group subsequently dropped out, and the study was finally completed with 64 patients. Data were collected using a patient description form, a Visual Analogue Scale, and a walking chart on which pedometer output was recorded. Results: Length of hospitalization was shorter, first flatus and defecation time occurred earlier, and walking distances were longer in the experimental group compared to the control group. No difference was determined between the groups in terms of amount of drainage, or times to spontaneous urination. It was determined that the pain levels in the control were lower than those in the experimental group on postoperative day 1, and sleep durations on postoperative days 2 and 3 were significantly longer. Conclusion: Earlier first flatus, defecation time, and discharge, and significantly longer walking distances, were determined in the experimental group compared to the control group. However, the mobilization program had no effect on sleep duration or pain levels.


THERE HAS been increasing concern within lay and scientific circles about how people proceed in making decisions. 2 A survey of the experimental literature 8 reveals that the majority of investigations have been carried out under somewhat artificial experimental conditions where the investment of the subject in the decision making process is questionable. Typically, subjects have been asked to participate in experiments which resemble game situations with monetary rewards provided for good performance. 5 However, it is difficult to see how a subject can be greatly concerned about the consequences of his decision in a situation where he is asked, for example, to decide whether there are more black or more white balls in a container. Studies in which the subject is engaging in a decision-making process which is not foreign to him and in which the rewards are personally and internally provided would therefore seem


A phased-array weather radar has been constructed at NSSL Norman Oklahoma. This establishes the first National Weather Radar Testbed (NWRT) equipped with the state-ofthe-art (solid-state) phased-array antenna (Forsyth et al. 2005). An important and yet very challenging research goal is to optimally design and utilize the electronicallycontrolled agile beam scans for meteorological applications, such as assimilating phased-array radar observations to improve numerical analysis and prediction of severe storms and other hazardous weather conditions. This paper reports our recent research progress in this direction with particular attentions to the following important issues: (i) how to design phased-array scan strategies to enhance radar observation information content for data assimilation; (ii) how to take the advantages of phased-array rapid and flexible scan capabilities to improve error covariance estimation for radar data assimilation. These issues will be addressed theoretically, and some practical solutions will be proposed and demonstrated by numerical experiments.


An equal-wall-thickness stator screw drilling tool, which is separately connected by a bypass valve assembly, a screw motor assembly, a universal shaft assembly and a transmission shaft assembly. The screw motor assembly comprises an equal-wall-thickness stator arranged inside the motor shell body, a rubber bushing and a rotor arranged inside the cavity of the stator. The inner and outer walls of the equal-wall-thickness stator are all arranged with spiral grooves to make the wall thickness basically uniformed, the rubber bushing attached inside the stator not only forms a spiral bent surface cavity with the rotor but also that the outer part of the bushing can form a spiral groove with the shell body to provide drilling fluid to circulate. The rotor is a steel-made screw with the surface plated with abrasion tolerant material, the lower end of the rotor is connected with the universal shaft assembly, the lower end of which is connected with the transmission shaft assembly. The utility model can realize large flow and low rotation speed drilling, and can be used to drill wells with special techniques, such as directional well, high-inclined well, horizontal well, extended-reach well, multi-branch well, cluster well and so on.


Realistic data-driven models of the tongue shape can be obtained by learning a nonlinear mapping from tongue landmarks to full contours, trained on a dataset of thousands of contours. Semiautomatic contour extraction from ultrasound takes a lot of time and effort from an expert, so practically it is preferable to adapt a reference model given just a few contours from the new speaker. However, adaptation with very few contours is unreliable and prone to overfitting. We study several forms of regularisation to constrain the adaptation, and determine the optimal amount of regularisation by leave-one-out cross-validation. Our results show that good accuracy models can be found reliably with no user intervention.


IntroductionFrom the beginning my work has clearly been informed by an idea from the young Karl Marx, from Theses on Feuerbach, that "the purpose of philosophy is to transform the world, and not just to understand it."1 In this essay I will approach this statement via an engagement with Jacques Derrida's concept of negotiation as a technique of liberation. Let me define what I mean by a technique of liberation. I am using the term broadly in the sense of techne. In a profound sense, techniques of liberation take us beyond what has become a tired debate over the relationship of philosophy, or theory, to practice. Some thinkers have argued that theory is basically about critique and that practice is about the fight for hegemony in political institutions.2 I want to suggest that Derrida's negotiation ties together theory and practice, the ethical and the political, so as to shift our focus away from the theory/practice debate toward a much richer discussion of what our ethical responsibility is-and by "our," I do mean human beings-to change the world in the name of justice. Whether my adherence to this idea is humanist hubris of the worst sort is something I will return to again and again in this essay. Let me put this discussion of negotiation as a technique of liberation within the debates around posthumanist literature.I have been challenged by Elizabeth Grosz as well as many others to state my position regarding whether what we call nature is transforming and evolving and that therefore change is not simply a matter of human agency, even when it is thought through a technique of liberation.3 I agree that nature, or the cosmos, is itself transforming and evolving, and to explain why, I will conclude my essay by discussing the work of Lee Smolin-particularly the notion that the cosmos itself must be understood as an organized system analogous to natural selection and, further, that time is a physical reality.4 The argument that time is "real" not only goes against hundreds of years of physics but also means that the future cannot be determined in advance and therefore that theories or philosophies that "tell us our fate"-or, to rephrase Derrida's words, that tell us we are fated for the worse-are simply inconsistent with the most cutting-edge science.5Let me return now to my long-standing alliance with the work of Derrida. My hope is to reengage with some of my key concepts within the overarching framework of what Derrida has called "negotiations."6 I will start by quoting him in full here, because the ideas that he addresses are ones I will refer to again and again throughout this essay:Let us begin by distinguishing affirmation and position. I am very interested in this distinction. For me it is of the utmost importance. One must not be content with affirmation. One only needs position. That is, one must create institutions. Therefore, one needs position. One needs a stance. Thus, negotiation, at this particular moment, does not simply take place between affirmation and negation, position and negation: it takes place between affirmation and position, because the position threatens the affirmation. That is to say that in itself institutionalization in its very success threatens the movement of unconditional affirmation. And yet this needs to happen, for if the affirmation were content to-how shall I say it-to wash its hands of the institution in order to remain at a distance, in order to say, "I affirm, and then the rest is of no interest to me, the institution does not interest me . . . let the others take care of that," then this affirmation would deny itself, it would not be an affirmation. Any affirmation, any promise in its very structure requires its fulfillment. There is no promise that does not require its fulfillment. Affirmation requires a position. It requires that one move to action and that one do something, even if it is imperfect.7I argue that from the Philosophy of the Limit and Beyond Accommodation onward, Derrida's notion of "deconstruction-as-justice" always has to be read through his understanding of negotiations. …


Chinese traditional culture is broad and profound, and of a long history. It benefits oversea countries and the world. But we are at a starting stage in protecting and spreading our traditional culture. Other Asian countries attach importance to traditional culture of local characteristics through all kinds of cultural elements. European countries use the integrated method of original ecology and city to protect traditional culture of regional customs, which provide us previous cases to the integration and application of traditional culture of local characteristics. On the basis of analysis and integration of local customs and my own work cases, the author summed up the local traditional culture and experience should become an important resource of public art design and develop a suitable and innovative heritage road combining China's traditional cultural advantages. Keywords—local characteristics; traditional culture; public art design; integration and innovation


This review highlights the impact of long-term application of FYM and fertilizer nitrogen on soil aggregation and aggregate bound nitrogen fractions and nitrogen mineralization pattern in different size soil aggregates. Organic manures are an important factor to maintain the soil fertility level because soil organic matter is regarded as a key indicator when assessing soil quality. The integrated application of inorganic and organic amendments leads to increase in both the inorganic fractions (ammonical and nitrate nitrogen) as compare to their alone application. Organic manures and residues that are added to the soil increase the total nitrogen content of the soil by protecting it chemically and physically against microbial degradation. Through FYM and crop root biomass (rhizodeposition), organic matter and fertilizers have been added to the soil on a regular basis during the past 41 years, and the building of nitrogen shows that nitrogen is physically protected within macro aggregates.


Cooling water treatment programs have steadily shifted from chromate based to other systems. This despite the fact that these have generally proved less effective, harder to control, and/or more sensitive to upsets than chromates. With several alternative approaches being marketed, phosphates have become the new industrial norms. Today, real product and approach differences exist, and the user must be more aware of the technology that defines the various programs. Application technology of phosphate based inhibitors differs dramatically from traditional chromate treatments. Even within the broad category of phosphates, there are several different approaches to product formulation and application. Poor understanding of treatment requirements, capabilities and limitations cause many of the problems of using phosphates. Understanding this technology better can help make the transition less traumatic and more successful.


detection rates in archive tumor were 9% in DLBCL and 21% in FL, consistent with previous reports. MT's in EZH2 or MYD88 in WT EZH2 pts were associated with response (P < .1) whereas MT's in HIST1H1E or MYC (P < .08) were associated with nonresponse. Pts matching a multi gene predictor consisting of WT MYC and/or HIST1H1E but with MT STAT6 and/or MYD88 in archive tumor had ORR = 53% (10/19) whereas pts who did not match this profile had ORR = 16% (12/73) indicating potential for these genes to predict response to tazemetostat. Conclusions: Molecular genetic profiling of NHL pts identified potential predictors of response beyond EZH2 MT and offered new insights into mechanisms of response in EZH2 WT pts. Plasma‐based ctDNA screening may be a viable method to identify NHL pts with EZH2 MT's in the absence of archive tumor samples.


Sukit Limpijumnong,1,2,3 Pakpoom Reunchan,1,2 Anderson Janotti,1 and Chris G. Van de Walle1 1Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5050, USA 2School of Physics, Suranaree University of Technology and Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand 3Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics (ThEP Center), Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand Received 14 August 2009; revised manuscript received 13 October 2009; published 9 November 2009


The present invention is to signal transduction into cells by crosslinking a cell surface molecule may act as an agonist, to the modified antibody comprising an H chain V region of a monoclonal antibody more than one and L chain V region of two or more. The modified antibody can be used as agonists of signaling, useful cancer, inflammation, as a hormone abnormality, prevention of various diseases such as blood disorders and / or therapeutic agent or the like.


A generalized life cycle and biology of the morphs are described for Brachycolus asparagi Mordvilko. Oviparae laid overwintering eggs on the asparagus ferns, Asparagus officinalis L., beginning in September. The eggs hatched in late March and developed into fundatrices that established themselves on the emerging asparagus spears. A fundatrix gives birth to about 18 nymphs, as compared with 54 nymphs for an apterous virginopara. In summer, the apterous morph had a 33.5% higher intrinsic rate of increase than the alate morph. Crowding of nymphal asparagus aphids increased wing production. The fecundity curve for the apterous virginoparae peaked once, early in their reproductive phase, whereas the curve for the alate virginoparae peaked a number of times and showed that their reproductive phase spanned most of their adult life. A single sexupara could give birth to oviparae, as well as to male and virginoparous morphs. The oviparae produced an average of 10.5 eggs. Males were capable of multiple matings.


Much attention has been given to measure the reliability of safety critical systems (SCSs), assuming that components fail independently. However, in practice, dependent failures of components due to come common cause play a significant role in determining system reliabilities and hence can measure the risk more accurately. In this article, we propose a method to measure such dependent failures systematically, known as common cause failures (CCFs). We propose a framework to model and quantify CCF that contains two phases: screening analysis and detailed analysis. Screening analysis involves qualitative and quantitative screening; detailed analysis involves estimation of common cause basic event probabilities by developing a probability model. The proposed approach is applied on a case study of nuclear power plant (NPP). The result proves that risk is highly sensitive to the probability of a CCF.