For a totally real number field $F$ and a nonarchimedean prime $\mathfrak{p}$ of $F$ lying above a prime number $p$ we introduce certain sheaf cohomology groups that intertwine the $\mathfrak{p}^{\infty}$-tower of a quaternionic Hilbert modular variety associated to a quaternion algebra $D$ over $F$ that is split at $\mathfrak{p}$ and a $p$-adically admissible representation of $\mbox{PGL}_2(F_{\mathfrak{p}})$. Applied to infinitesimal $p$-adic deformations of the local factor at $\mathfrak{p}$ of a cuspidal automorphic representation $\pi$ of $D^*(\mathbb{A})$ this yields a natural construction of infinitesimal deformations of the Galois representation attached to $\pi$.


The binding reaction between thionine(TH) and human serum albumin(HSA) in physiological conditions was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with circular dichroism spectroscopy and UV-Vis absorbance spectrometry.The apparent binding constant and the number of binding sites at different temperatures were calculated and the quenching mechanism was suggested as static quenching.The distance between HSA and TH was estimated to be 4.604 nm using the Foster′s equation on the basis of fluorescence energy transfer.The thermodynamic parameters ΔH and ΔS for the HSA-TH system were calculated to be-9.024 kJ/mol and 40.63 J·mol-1·K-1,which indicated that electrostatic interactions played a major role in the interaction.Synchronous fluorescence spectra and circular dichroism spectra of HSA in the presence of thionine indicated that the conformations of human serum albumin had been changed.


This book examines the wartime controversies between Britain and America about the future of the colonial world, and considers the ethical, military, and economic forces behind imperialism during World War II. It concludes that, for Britain, there was a revival of the sense of colonial mission; the Americans, on the other hand, felt justified in creating a strategic fortress in the Pacific Islands while carrying the torch of "international trusteeship" throughout the rest of the world-a scheme that Churchill and others viewed as a cloak for American expansion.


There are many approaches to conventional Euclidian scattering theory. In this exposition an essentially microlocal view is adopted. Apart from its intrinsic interest this is intended as preparation for later generalization, to more complicated geometric settings. In fact, the treatment given here extends beyond the usual confines of scattering theory in that the spectral and scattering theory, at least the elementary part, is covered for the Laplacian associated to a 'scattering metric' on any compact manifold with boundary. By a scattering metric on a compact manifold with boundary,X, we shall mean a Riemann metric on the interior of X which can be brought to the form


Taiwan is developing the renewable energy actively, in which the wind energy is seen as one of important resources. However, the suitable locations for wind farm constructions are less and less on the shore, and the trend of wind farm development in the future will toward to offshore where the installation capacity of the wind farm could reach hundreds of megawatts. As the installation capacity of the wind farm increases, the effects on the interconnected AC grid are also more notable. In this paper, the off-peak system in Taiwan is used as a studied system in which the Penghu area and Taiwan grid is connected by submarine cables. This study explores the wind farm transmission system including HVAC, HVDC, and hybrid HVAC-HVDC systems and compares the differences of their impact on the system.


After the successive inheritance and development of ideologists in past dynasties,the principle of collectivism and altruism in utilitarianism has an active reference and guidance role to medical students'values,as well as some negative effects such as utilitarian,actualization and extreme individualism.Therefore,this paper put forward to strengthen the medical students'core values education,take " curing people with benevolence" as a never out of data medical value navigation,advocate the "humanitarian utilitarianism",improve medical students'values education environment,in order to ensure medical students form a positive and healthy values.


It is very common for a customer to read reviews about the product before making a final decision to buy it. Customers are always eager to get the best and the most objective information about the product theywish to purchase and reviews are the major source to obtain this information. Although reviews are easily accessible from the web, but since most of them carry ambiguous opinion and different structure, it is often very difficult for a customer to filter the information he actually needs. This paper suggests a framework, which provides a single user interface solution to this problem based on sentiment analysis of reviews. First, it extracts all the reviews from different websites carrying varying structure, and gathers information about relevant aspects of that product. Next, it does sentiment analysis around those aspects and gives them sentiment scores. Finally, it ranks all extracted aspects and clusters them into positive and negative class. The final output is a graphical visualization of all positive and negative aspects, which provide the customer easy, comparable, and visual information about the important aspects of the product. The experimental results on five different products carrying 5000 reviewsshow 78% accuracy. Moreover, the paper also explained the effect of Negation, Valence Shifter, and Diminisher with sentiment lexiconon sentiment analysis, andconcluded that they all are independent of the case problem , and have no effect on the accuracy of sentiment analysis.


1. An apparatus comprising: a plurality of chambers for receiving a corresponding plurality of brackets, each of which is formed with a shape memory that allows the bracket to take a straightened configuration when in the deployed configuration and a stapler for suturing at the outlet of the stapler; and! a sleeve movable relative chambers between a first position in which the clamp sleeve clamped inside the chambers in a straightened configuration, and a second position in which the staples are freed taking deployed configuration, wherein the sleeve is configured to move between first and second positions by rotation relative to the cameras. ! 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the shape memory is at least partially thermally activated. ! 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sleeve has a plurality of openings that serve as places of administration staples loaded in the chamber, and wherein the sleeve has a plurality of elongated grooves for discharging the output staples in deployed configuration. ! 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the output grooves radially offset relative to the openings. ! 5. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1-4, further comprising a holder which contains said chamber, and these chambers are arranged to be initially combined with apertures to load staples in the holder, and then combined with the output of the grooves when the sleeve is rotated relative to the holder for release clamps. ! 6. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1-4, further comprising means for containing a premature release of staples. ! 7. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein each chamber forms a stop, in which the corresponding clip freely deforms


It is shown that the anthropological paradigm "biological — social" is outdated, since it represents a person as a passive product of the genotype and social environment, while ignoring the personal factor — the freedom of the will of man. The necessity of transition to a new anthropological paradigm "biological – social – personal" is grounded, according to which a person is not a biosocial but a biopsychosocial being. According to the new paradigm, the formation of the mentality is determined by three factors: hereditary predispositions, socio-cultural conditions, the free will of man, manifested in his spiritual activity and choice of ways of behavior. The main reasons for the historical development of the mentality are self-determination of the person, the interaction of social systems in the social structure, changes in the economic and political sphere of society, changes in the social structure of society and the social basis of the bearers of mentality.


The electrodeposition of various metal films [lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), antimony (Sb), nickel (Ni), and tin (Sn)] onto silver (Ag)/quartz crystal substrate is studied using a electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The surface morphologies and crystal nanostructures of the dendrites are characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The composite of the modified bimetallic alloy electrode is characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammatry. SEM images show particle sizes ranging from 73 to 280 nm with an average of 215 nm of metal films on the Ag/quartz electrodes. The modified metal Ag/quartz alloy electrodes are used to determine the thio-heterocycle in various supporting electrolytes. We found the electrocatalytic property of zinc is better than that of the other metals and un-coated Ag/quartz.


In this letter, we are interested on all-optical wavelength conversion and especially that using the semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). We describe the different mechanism of wavelength conversion and especially based on optical switching and optical mixing and we focus our interest on conversion based on nonlinear effect as cross gain modulation (XGM) and cross phase modulation (XPM). Our aim is to optimize the operating point assuring the highest quality of optical converted signal. We have chosen the excursion ratio of the converted as our figure of merit.


Microspheres carrier system made from natural or synthetic polymers used in sustained release drug delivery system. The present study involves formulation and evaluation of floating microspheres of Curcumin for improving the drug bioavailability by prolongation gastric residence time. Curcumin, natural hypoglycemic agent is a lipophilic drug, absorbed poorly from the stomach, quickly eliminated and having short half-life so suitable to formulate floating drug delivery system for sustained release. Floating microspheres of curcumin were formulated by solvent evaporation technique using ethanol and dichloromethane (1:1) as organic solvent and incorporating various synthetic polymers as coating polymer, sustain release polymers and floating agent. The final formulation were evaluated various parameters such as compatibility studies, micrometric properties, In-vitro drug release and % buoyancy. FTIR studies showed that there were no interaction between drug and excipients. The surface morphology studies by SEM confirmed their spherical and smooth surface. The mean particles size were found to be 416-618µm, practical yield of microspheres was in the range of 60.21±0.052% - 80.87±0.043%, drug entrapment efficiency 47.4±0.065% - 77.9±0.036% and % buoyancy 62,24±0.161% - 88.63±0.413%. Result show that entraptmency increased as polymer (Eudragit RS100) conc. Increased. The drug release after 12 hrs. was 72.13% - 87.13% and it decrease as a polymer (HPMC, EC) concentration was decrease.


This qualitative study among internal communication practitioners focuses on the relevance and value of the function in organizations. It examines the role of the practitioners in improving business outcomes, culture, internal branding, engagement and connection. The results from a study among practitioners in the region indicate that internal communication is viewed as important to organizational success although there are barriers that currently prevent the function from flourishing.


: This study is interested in optimisation of both sizing and energy management system of a hybrid storage system (HSS) associated with photovoltaic panels. The battery (BT) considered as the principal storage organ and a super-capacitor used as the secondary storage system to improve the BT life span makes up the HSS. The main purpose of this study is to explore a novel optimisation approach to jointly optimise the sizing and the fuzzy logic energy management system (FLEMS). In fact, an optimisation function based on sequential quadratic programming algorithm is proposed. The optimisation methodology has been performed jointly and successfully for the sizing of the BT storage system and the membership functions parameters of the FLEMS in order to decrease the levelised cost of energy with a violation time by 5% of mean absolute percentage error score <1.5% throughout the year. According to the simulations results, a benefit analysis has been done to assess the associated financial impact.


An experimental optical method has been developed for the measurement of opening and sliding notch face movements. The light passing through a thin slit is monitored by a photodiode detector. Two parts of the slit are fixed independently on the notch faces of the simulated crack. Dynamic variations of the notch face movements are recorded as an electric signal by an oscilloscope. The sensitivity of such displacement measurement is comparable with the wavelength of light. Dynamic mixed-mode stress intensity factors under shock loading were evaluated from the data obtained and subsequently compared with a numerical simulation by ANSYS software. As it was approved, the technique has shown sufficient sensitivity, good linearity, and measurement reliability. Due to its non-destructive nature and overall robustness, the arrangement is applicable even for structural component condition determination taking into consideration potentially unknown boundary conditions and the non-linear character of mechanical parameters.


The effects of hydrophobicity loss by water immersion and hydrophobicity recovery in vacuum at elevated temperature were evaluated on two types of RTV insulator coatings by receding angle and DC leakage current measurements. The loss and recovery treatments were repeated five times until signs of material deterioration appeared. An increase of the leakage current was noticed as a result of the deterioration despite the fact that the hydrophobicity recovered well. A possible application of water immersion and vacuum resting is foreseen in the testing of composite and silicone rubber coated insulators.<<ETX>>


Mammalian genomes are replete with transposable elements (TEs): parasitic genetic sequences that can replicate to high copy numbers within host genomes (1). TEs are widely recognized as a potent source of cell type- and context-specific regulatory elements (2, 3). In PNAS, Ye et al. (4) analyze chromatin profiling data from mouse CD8+ T lymphocytes and find that multiple TE families contribute to predicted regulatory sequences. Compared to other cells, immune cells show the highest enrichment of TE-derived enhancers (Fig. 1), suggesting that TE cooption may preferentially influence immune regulatory networks.

Fig. 1.
Ye et al. (4) observe higher occurrences of TEs near immune genes. They hypothesize that the abundance of TEs in immune-associated regions of the mouse genome has enabled their regulatory cooption as immune enhancers, potentially facilitating the rapid regulatory evolution needed for adaptive immunity.

Transcriptional regulatory networks underlie the gene expression programs that determine cellular identity, function, and response to stimuli. In the genome, regulatory elements such as promoters and enhancers act as "wires" to connect genes into regulatory networks and control nearby gene expression. Changes to regulatory networks are recognized as an important mechanism for organismal evolution (5), but mechanisms driving the emergence of new regulatory elements are still poorly understood.

Owing to their ability to replicate throughout the host genome, TEs have long been hypothesized to play a role in the evolution of regulatory networks (6, 7). Although most TEs no longer encode functional proteins, many retain transcription factor binding sites and can thus alter the expression of nearby genes. Over the past decade, there have been numerous studies characterizing important roles for TEs in host gene regulation (reviewed in ref. 2). These findings point to the cooption of TEs as a general mechanism shaping the evolution of mammalian gene regulatory networks.

As studies in …

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: edward.chuong{at}colorado.edu.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


CAMS-R is a measurement instrument designed for normal adult participants. There have been a few studies conducting lingua-cultural adaptation of CAMS-R in the Indonesian context, but such studies have not touched on the discourse of Muslim mothers. Accordingly, this study aimed to conduct linguistic adaptation of CAMS-R by translating it into Bahasa Indonesia. Also, it aimed to examine the measurement model to find whether the structure of CAMS-R was confirmed relevant to empirical data or not. At the stage of forward translation, this study involved 5 participants, namely two translators and three psychologists with doctoral academic qualifications. The stage of back translation engaged 3 participants, namely a bachelor in English and two linguistics experts. The pilot study incorporated 10 readers, and the try-out involved 103 Muslim mothers between the ages of 20-40 years old. Data analysis used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results demonstrated that the measurement of mindfulness construct had high goodness of fit. The results of model fit evaluation indicated chi square of 8.742 (p=.557), GFI of .976, AGFI of .932, CFI of 1.000, TLI of 1.014, and RMSEA of .000. The foregoing depicted a good fit of goodness. CAMS-R contained 12 items and left 7 items with loading factors above 0.5. (.585 – .887). Composite reliability (CR) sub-scale resulted in the scores of .713 – .785, and its overall CR scale was .936 and AVE of .736 – .739. The foregoing data indicated good convergent and discriminant validity. This study emphasized that CAMS-R could ideally be used to measure mindfulness for the Indonesian population of Muslim mothers between the ages of 20-40 years.


Post-modernism emerged from the crumbling of the illusions about modernism, aiming to propose a theoretical point and value stance contrasting with those underlying modernism. Postmodernism casts doubt on rationality and therefore advocates multi-view methodology. Based on the discussion of the influence of post-modernism together with its relativistic inclination on Second Language Acquisition Studies, this paper points out that relativistic stance does not encourage SLA theory construction a lot, but it brings an open research angle for SLA research perspectives and methodologies.


Experimental research in Content-Centric Networking (CCN) is important to the evaluation of large-scale information centric multimedia services for next-generation network architecture. This paper presents a new experiment support tool over software-defined SmartX Boxes that enables the automated and massive-scale experimental validations of devised CCN model and service prototypes, which aims to fill-in the existing gap between real and simulated (including emulated) experiments.


We have compared by numerical simulations the performance of NRZ, CS-RZ and IM-DPSK modulation formats for 480 km of 40 channels WDM transmission with SMF and NZ-DSF fibers. IM-DPSK has shown the best tolerance to non-linear effects and dispersion for the both types of fibers. IM-DPSK is an extremely attractive format for long-haul 40 Gbit/s WDM systems.


The integration of renewable energy sources alter the radial nature of the conventional distribution network and causes the power flow to reverse in some periods. As the voltage regulator is normally designed for unidirectional power flow, this may cause voltage violations on the distribution feeder resulting in faults and cuts. To solve this problem, monitoring of the distribution network is essential before taking any control or protection measures. From this fact emerges the importance of reverse power flow detection. In this paper, the optimal phasor measurement placement for reverse power flow detection is discussed. An extensive literature review and a comparison among a wide range of existing optimization algorithms is done. Then genetic algorithm is selected to solve this problem. Global Optimization Tool of Matlab are used to test the proposed algorithm on IEEE-14 and IEEE-39 node test feeders.


In this paper, we propose a method for solving interval linear programming problem by using generalized interval LU decomposition method based on Kaucher arithmetic for generalized interval numbers. Numerical example is also been provided.


Lukacs History And class consciousness is the historical concept without a doubt which a book title highlights,this concept is Lukacs philosophy central concept,is his philosophy logical foundation and the beginning.Lukacs embarks from the historical logic,the utilization history method,has made the brand-new understanding to the Marxist philosophy,causes the Marxist philosophy to present by the different former condition.This article contradictory which the history stipulated to Lukacs philosophy in puts aside for the time being,merely inspects in his philosophy thinking mode from the method the transformation attempt.


The construction of purchasing-power-parity exchange rates (PPPs) is based on a solid theoretical
framework guiding real GDP (and its components) comparisons across countries and
over time. In practice this involves a harmonization between prices collected (sporadically)
across countries at a given time period (as part of the International Comparisons Program -
ICP), known as benchmarks, and the annual movement of prices within domestic economies
which is measured by the GDP deflators. Harmonization can only be achieved by making
assumptions about measurement errors in these two sources. The new generation PWT reconciles
these by assuming ICP measurements are exact when observed and deflator movements
are exact when ICP measurements are not observed. This study treats both sources as measured
with errors at every period and evaluates a number of alternative measurement error
(ME) scenarios for ICP PPPs and their growth rates. The econometric framework used is
general and encompasses the extrapolations methodologies of the World Bank, old and new
generations of PWT as special cases. Results are evaluated using the mean absolute deviation
of estimated PPPs from the observed benchmarks and that of the implied growth rates from
observed relative deflators movement. The best performing specifications show measurement
errors are inversely proportional to each countries' group income level and show the regional
design of the last two global rounds of the ICP influences the patterns of measurement errors
in the constructed ICP PPPs. A possible use of this modeling approach might be to aid the
final compilation of the ICP PPPs by tempering the effect of the regional design prior to their
release by the World Bank.


Calcium stable isotopes may provide insights into the nature of source and magmatic processes for mantle-derived igneous rocks, but rare studies have been done on carbonatites, the origin of which remains largely unknown. To determine the Ca isotope composition of carbonatites, much effort has been spent on methodology and a refined Ca(-Sr) isotope analytical protocol using SSB-MC-ICPMS method has been developed, with the reliability of the analytical data reinforced by repeating analysis of several samples using DS-TIMS method. Worldwide carbonatite and associated silicate rocks were analyzed for δ 44/42 Ca. Different from most data previsouly reported, our results show that primary carbonatite and associated silicate rocks are rather homogeneous in δ 44/42 Ca values that are comparable to those of basalts, while non-primary carbonatites show detectable δ 44/42 Ca variation that are correlated to δ 13 C values. Our finding suggests that Ca isotopes fractionate during late stages of carbonatite evolution and that carbonatite is sourced from a mantle source without requiring the involvement of recycled carbonates. This means that Ca isotopes are useful for tracing carbonatite source and evolution.


The invention relates to magnetic-related medical care equipment, in particular to a novel gyromagnetic machine. The novel gyromagnetic machine comprises an upper shell and a lower shell, wherein the lower shell is provided with a bearing plate, the center of the bearing plate concaves downwards to form a circular groove, the center of the bottom wall of the circular groove concaves downwards to form a lower bearing groove, the center, close to one side of the lower shell, of the upper shell is provided with an upper bearing groove corresponding to the lower bearing groove, a lower bearing groove through hole is formed outwards along the center of the bottom wall of the lower bearing groove, a main supporting fixing rod is arranged in the lower bearing groove through hole in a penetrating mode and is sleeved with two bearings, a supporting disc fixed to the main supporting rod is arranged in space defined by the circular groove, a motor stator is installed on the periphery of the supporting disc, rotor magnetic steel opposite to the motor stator is fixed to the side wall of the circular groove, and magnetic unit bodies are installed in a rotary case. The gyromagnetic machine is small in occupied space size, stable in structure, good in operational stability, high in radiating efficiency and good in magnet therapy health care effect.


Background Gout is the most common arthritic disease in the world with increasing incidence and prevalence. There are differences in gout prevalence and course of disease due to cultural, ethnical and genetic factors stressing the need for data from different parts of the world. An increase in hospitalization for gout has been shown for the last two decades in North America. Objectives We evaluated the trend for hospitalization of gout in western Sweden 2000 – 2012 and the health care costs for this 2009 – 2012. Methods Hospitalization trends for gout were studied using data from the health care consumption register in the Western Swedish Health Care Region (WSHCR) from 2000–01–01 through 2012–12–31. This area is considered to be representative for the country as a whole. Patients aged 18 years and older who were hospitalized during the study period with a principal ICD-10 diagnosis of gout (M10) at discharge were included. We calculated annual population rates for hospitalization for gout. Inflation-adjusted health care costs for the gout hospitalizations were calculated using the Cost-Per-Patient register (CPP). Dispensation of urate lowering therapy (ULT), allopurinol (M04AA01) and probenecid (M04AB01), within 6 months prior to hospitalization was identified using The Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Results There were 1873 hospitalizations for gout (mean age 75.0–77.6 years, 61–74% men) between 2000 and 2012. Demographic characteristics were similar over the study period. From 2000 to 2012, the annual hospitalization rate for gout increased from 12.2 to 16.7 per 100 000 adults (p=0.0038). The increase was most pronounced in males aged 65 and above and over the last three years of the study. From 2009 to 2012 the inflation-adjusted health care costs for gout hospitalizations increased from 5.21 to 8.15 105 USD. The duration of hospitalizations also increased from 3 to 5 days median 2000 and 2012 respectively (p=0.021). Only a minority of patients, 19 to 27%, received ULT the 6 months preceding their hospitalization, without any obvious secular trend.Table 1 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Discharges, no 142 112 108 133 140 144 187 180 213 Incidence per 100 000 adults 12.2 9.5 9. 1 11.0 11.3 11.5 14.9 14.2 16.7 Men, incidence per 100 000 adults 16.1 12.3 12.9 14.4 15.7 16.0 22.0 21.1 24.3 Women, incidence per 100 000 adults 8.4 6.8 5.3 7.7 7.0 7.1 7.9 7.3 9.1 Duration, days, median (range) 3 (1–71) 3 (1–44) 5 (1–75) 5 (1–65) 5 (1–40) 5 (1–39) 5 (1–34) 5 (1–52) 5 (1–41) Age, years, mean, SD 76.2 (12.1) 74.3 (14.9) 76.3 (11.7) 77.2 (10.2) 77.4 (11.4) 76.7 (11.6) 77.6 (12.7) 75.6 (14.1) 75.0 (13.8)  18–44 3 6 1 0 5 4 8 8 4  45–64 23 16 17 19 12 11 19 28 41  65–84 83 63 67 80 85 89 100 92 108  ≥85 33 27 23 34 38 40 60 52 60 ULT, (%), 6 months before hospitalization 28 (21) 38 (27) 27 (19) 38 (20) 47 (26) 45 (21) Total cost*, 105 USD 5.21 6.8 6.6 8.15 Conclusions Incidence of hospitalization for primary gout is increasing substantially in Sweden over the last decade and this is reflected in the health care costs. The main part of this increase consists of males aged 65 and above. Only a fourth of the patients were on ULT preceding the hospitalization. These findings are further emphasized by the fact that the total amount of days for somatic inpatient care in WSHCR decreased by 9% from 2002 (1 267 900 days, mean duration 5,7 days) to 2012 (1 151 630 days, mean duration 4,9 days). The findings in this study reflects increasing incidence of the gout disease and an ageing population but also a considerable lack of treatment. Disclosure of Interest None declared


For the first time the utility of p-sulfonatocalix[8]arene to form a chalice-like cavity for the solid state inclusion of a classical coordination complex [Co(phen)3]3+ has been demonstrated. In the presence of Yb3+ ions, a new crystalline material is formed which possesses large diameter, negatively charged channels which propagate through the material in three dimensions.


BACKGROUND: Antioxidants are natural ingredients that can block the oxidation process of free radicals that enter the body so that damage to body cells can be prevented. Kawista plants are one of the plants that have antioxidant activity.

AIM: This article review aims to determine the compounds that have antioxidant activity found in Kawista plants, the method used in testing antioxidants on Kawista plants, and the IC50 value found in antioxidant testing on Kawista plants.

METHODS: The method used in this study is the Population, Intervention, Control, and Outcome method through inclusion and exclusion criteria using the keywords "Antioxidant activity of Limonia acidissima," "Antioxidant activity of Feronia limonia," "Antioxidant activity of Kawista," "Testing Antioxidants in L. acidissima," and "L. acidissima" with databases used for literature searches.

RESULTS: This review shows that Kawista plants have antioxidant activity of various compounds based on the test method used.

CONCLUSION: Compounds in Kawista plants that have antioxidant activity are phenols, especially phenolic acids, flavonoids, flavonols, triterpenoids, saponins, tannins, terpenes, steroids, alkaloids, and glycosides. Kawista plant activity tested had IC50 with an average value of very strong (16.45 g/mL), strong (77.85 g/mL), moderate (135.02 g/mL), weak (196.67 g/mL), and very weak (751.89 g/mL).


We celebrate the life of Dr Francis (Frank) Rice Trainor, Professor Emeritus of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, who made a unique mark on phycology during a career that spanned more than 60 years (Fig. 1). Frank's supreme optimism, kindness, and generosity endeared him to his family and friends, the town of Mansfield, Connecticut, and colleagues around the globe. We also remember his late wife Margaret (Peg) Trainor, née Swanton, to whom he was married for 56 yr (Fig. S1). Together they shared a love of learning, travel, food and humour with many graduate students and close colleagues. We were honoured to be adopted into their family. Frank was born in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, where he attended St Joseph's Grade School and St Raphael's Academy. He earned a BS from Providence College (1950) and a doctorate from Vanderbilt University (1957), studying with soil algae specialist Harold Bold. Frank launched his career at the University of Connecticut (UConn) in 1957, and over the next 40 yr, he trained 19 doctoral students (see below) and many master's and undergraduate students. His research on algae covered an extensive range of topics, including phenotypic plasticity and its impact on taxonomy of algae, growth and sexual reproduction in green microalgae and diatoms, temperature tolerance in algae, characterization and long-term survival of soil algae and the impacts of environmental change on algal communities. One hallmark of Frank's research was the rediscovery and meticulous documentation of phenotypic plasticity in species of Scenedesmus. We acknowledge the transfer of spiny Scenedesmus species to the genus Desmodesmus (An et al. 1999), but for simplicity we use only the name Scenedesmus. As an assistant professor at UConn, Frank was keen to culture algae from soils, having been a student of Harold Bold. In order to obtain zygotes of chlamydomonad algae, he collected soil from a cornfield on the UConn campus and began the tedious task of isolating algae from the soil using the spray-and-pick technique. Among the many different soil algae that he isolated into axenic culture was a strain of Scenedesmus. To his surprise, he found unicells amongst the colonies of green algae. Thinking he had a contaminant, he subcultured many times, but he still was finding unicells. He was now convinced that he was observing phenotypic plasticity. Reading the literature, he found that Chodat had described unicells in his crude cultures of Scenedesmus (Chodat 1926), but Chodat's peers dismissed them as tertalogical contaminants. Chodat's results lay dormant until Frank rediscovered unicell formation. Unfortunately, Frank's original manuscript on colonies and unicells was rejected because the reviewers thought his cultures were contaminated. Frank repeated all of his experiments and was then thoroughly convinced that morphological variation had occurred, and his paper was accepted for publication (Trainor 1963a). While Frank continued to work on soil algae, he embarked on a very productive research program investigating phenotypic plasticity in green algae. The big question was 'What is causing the morphological change?' A combination of well-designed laboratory experiments and hardworking graduate students guided by Frank resulted in several important discoveries. Unicell formation (100%) could be stimulated by increased phosphorus (Shubert & Trainor 1974) or nitrogen (Siver & Trainor 1981). Also, spine formation was shown to be controlled by iron levels (low or no iron resulted in spineless colonies; Trainor 1969). Frank also made the important discovery of motile and sexual stages in Scenedesmus obliquus (Turpin) Kützing (Trainor 1963c; Trainor & Burg 1965; Cain & Trainor 1976), a taxon which until that point was thought to reproduce asexually without motile cells. The initial discovery, a result of unexpected conditions in his laboratory in Torrey Life Sciences building on the UConn campus, was an example of being 'in the right place at the right time', a lesson he shared with students. As told by former student Gary Wikfors, 'One day I asked him how to discover something important – the context was his findings on life histories of green algae. His response was immediate and universal for every scientist and delivered with the sense of irony and good humor that characterized his approach to life. His answer: ''First, be Fig. 1. Frank Trainor in 1975 (photo by W.R. Taylor). Phycologia (2013) Volume 52 (6), 457–459 Published 5 December 2013


The article presents how women and men addicted to alcohol function in basic areas of social life as well as what their psychical condition generally is. The conclusions are based on the theoretical findings and quality surveys. The research shows the equality does not exist in alcoholism. The men, contrary to the women: become addicted quicker, drink more alcohol, suffer from more somatic complications, more serious social damages arise especially conflicts with the law. What is more, they die more often due to alcohol intoxication. However, sociocultural conditions show the women are more stigmatized than the men, what results in receiving non-effective support. The features about being an alcoholic are variant in reference to sex, particularly the development of an addiction as well as experiencing the alcoholism and the alcoholism addiction treatment. The revealed differences between sexes should allow improvement in already existing therapeutic solutions, notably to adjust them more individually. It will improve the quality of life in sobriety, people who are addicted to alcohol.


We analyse the appearance of coherent motion in the dynamics of the Langevin equation in the subtle case of I < 1, and show that stochastic resonance does exist even in the non-critical case I < 1. Moreover, we show the monotonicity of the rotation number and discuss the relationship between the center frequency of the power spectrum peak and the rotation number.


Objective To study the window technique in evaluating the chronic obstructive emphysema and pulmonary residual volume in long-term smoker without symptoms.Methods 50 cases with chronic obstructive emphysema proved clinically,50 long-term smokers were undergone spiral CT scan of chest and compared with 30 health volunteer,the images were designed using the mean CT value in smoking group as window level and two times of χ2 as window width.Results The white imaging was appeared in the most of the group of volunteer,the images were dark on different degree in group one,while the images were as ground glass on different degree in group two.Conclusion This window technique is helpful in evaluating the chronic obstructive emphysema and residual volume of lung in long-term smoker


The article considers the complex Cauchy problem for general systems of linear differential equations in Lebesgue's Banach spaces with the weight of analytic functions with integral metrics. The functions from the solution spaces can admit power law-type singularities in integral sense when approaching the cone lateral boundary. The necessary and sufficient conditions under which the stated Cauchy problem is a locally well- posed one in the specified scale of functional spaces are derived. It turns out that these conditions for the orders of differential operators in case of extended singularities of solutions over the cone lateral boundary are identical with the Leray-Volevich conditions. In case of one equation containing the Kovalevskaya inequalities, these conditions are less restrictive than they are in the case of extended singularities of the solution over the cylinder lateral surface. Thus, the inequalities either exactly describe the structure of systems of linear differential equations for which the Cauchy problem is locally well-posed in the specified class, or they describe the scale of functional spaces in which the specified Cauchy problem is locally a well-posed one. In the course of proving the main theorem, new lemmas about the integral properties of analytic functions have been obtained, which may be of interest for the theory of functions of complex variable. These lemmas show an estimate for the norm of derivative from an analytic function through the norm of the function itself; they also show an estimate of the norm of integral with a parameter from the analytic function through the norm of the initial function, as well as other properties.


Quality assurance is important for any medical procedure or intervention to ensure that patients receive management that is suited to their medical condition and that which has been described in textbooks, literature or by expert opinion. Currently many procedures are complex and require a multi-step process, each stage of which may be prone to mistakes, deviations or variation in interpretation. Radiation oncology involves a very complex process of consultation, preparation or planning and execution or treatment. Each of these processes requires stringent adherence to accepted standards both within a particular radiation oncology department or within a national health system. This is particularly important with rarer conditions, or where there is some debate regarding appropriate management. When conducting research it is vital that conformity across all researchers exists. While protocols go some way to ensure this, there have to be quality assurance mechanisms to ensure uniformity and compliance to the protocol. Some deviations may have minimal effects on outcome, while others may have a profound effect and compromise patient outcomes and results of clinical trials. Radiotherapy is a local treatment for cancer. Hence the methodology used is highly operator dependant. In this case, the operator is not one person but a team of professionals including the radiation oncologist, planning radiation therapists, physicist and treating radiation therapist. Because of this sometimes complex, multi-step process, there is margin for error which may affect outcomes in tumour control and thus survival. It is important that the process of tumour assessment, treatment planning and treatment delivery be subject to acceptable standards in order to ensure optimal outcomes for the patient. Failure to do this can result in inadequate tumour control (due to inadequate doses to the tumour) or unacceptable complications (due to excessive doses to normal tissues). The process of ensuring that both these goals are met is the core of quality assurance in radiotherapy and should be present at a departmental, national and international level. Departmental quality assurance


Each house of Congress ordinarily governs its proceedings through its own standing rules or through informal means such as consent. But sometimes Congress passes a statute that purports to regulate its parliamentary procedures. Indeed, such statutes have become increasingly prevalent in recent decades. The most famous of these regimes of "statutized rules" is probably the fast track procedure governing congressional consideration of trade agreements, but there are dozens of other examples spread throughout the US Code. These proliferating statutes raise a number of interesting questions that have been little explored in the literature. Why would Congress use a statute instead of a rule? Is Congress legally required to follow these statutes, and does it typically follow them in fact? If statutized rules are unconstitutional, why? This article explores and offers preliminary answers to those questions. It concludes that such statutes can be either binding or constitutional, but not both.


The proposed method for low-dimensional illumination space representation (LDISR) of human faces can not only synthesize a virtual face image when given lighting conditions but also estimate lighting conditions when given a face image. The LDISR is based on the observation that 9 basis point light sources can represent almost arbitrary lighting conditions for face recognition application and di?erent human faces have a similar LDISR. The principal component analysis (PCA) and the nearest neighbor clustering method are adopted to obtain the 9 basis point light sources. The 9 basis images under the 9 basis point light sources are then used to construct an LDISR which can represent almost all face images under arbitrary lighting conditions. Illumination ratio image (IRI) is employed to generate virtual face images under diffierent illuminations. The LDISR obtained from face images of one person can be used for other people. Experimental results on image reconstruction and face recognition indicate the e?ciency of LDISR.


Designing of today's complex and diverse production systems requires a comprehensive analysis of their operations in three spatial dimensions and over time. Only this approach is a guarantee of identification, optimization, respectively elimination of project disadvantages before their future physical implementation. The designer of tomorrow's production groups must be a professional and a specialist. He must have the creativity and professional theoretical and practical knowledge of the issues that are solved in the project. In technical project solutions, he must have a sense of precision and addressing details as a limiting requirement for the success and implementation of a future project. He must follow the development trends of designing new production structures and the direction of their development and he can´t stay at the level of selection the outdated, time-consuming technical solutions and applied technologies.


The university now increasingly compete in producing quality graduates. GPA of students who become the final determination of student achievement has its own weights to see how much the students in the field of academic ability. But in the end the value of new admissions of students has always been a key requirement in the selection. Correlation student achievement itself needs to be revisited by the students see the weight value which becomes the main conditions for acceptance. This study analyzed to determine the level of student achievement correlation with final grades of students and prospective students of diverse ages as a reference variable of research using backpropagation neural network method. This study uses data incoming freshmen year 2008/2009 Dian Nuswantoro University of Semarang, the data of students who have completed studies at the same university in the year 2012-2013, and the final value of the data obtained from the Department of Education. Backpropagation algorithm aided in his training with gradient decent method shows that the test data to determine the level of student achievement correlation only has a success rate of 61%. This could be a recommendation specifically for Dian Nuswantoro University Semarang can review the student to use the final value and age as one of the new admissions requirements.


Potanin comparison with Leo Tolstoy had been appearing since the 1910s, Arouse interest, it refers to Tolstoy himself Potanin. On an assessment of Tolstoy's fiction Potanin avoided. For him Tolstoy as a public figure was more important. Starting from 1873, Potanin has drawn attention to Tolstoys journalism in particular, the article about the hunger in Samara and unreasonable opposition to visual learning. Dissatisfaction with the public mood and Tolstoy himself, his «calm in the folk belief» Potanin recorded in 1882 in the article about the autobiography of Tolstoy. If Tolstoy according to the American sociologist Henry George saw the decision of the Russian questions of nationalization of land rents by introducing a personal income tax, Potanin would consider it a palliative: to Siberia this problem does not exist. Potanin fixed the excommunication of Tolstoy St. communion, for the book of the Buryat language offered to take several short stories of Tolstoy, helped V.F. Bulgakov in the device memory of the writer in the evening, asked for a peasant old-believer «Critique of Dogmatic Theology», but behind all this is doing public duties, or someone requests regardless of personal interest. In Tolstoys moralizing Potanin did not feel a sincere sense view of the severe instruction, sometimes radically at variance with the natural needs of man. Meanwhile Tolstoy for Potanin looked organic patron for peasant interests, and Potanin were impressed by Tolstoys courage to go against the public service. The result of observation: sometimes one-sided or not is a perfectly acceptable approach to social problems Tolstoy claimed critics, and the value of a man who sincerely tries to help in solving them is deeply respected. In general the perception of Tolstoy Potanin looks very typical of the intellectual end of XIX early XX century.


AUTHOR Saavedra, Pedro; Kuchak, JoAnn TITLE Quality Control Analysis of Selected Aspects of Programs Administered by the Bureau of Student Financial Assistance. Error-Prone Model Derived from 1978-1979 Quality Control Study. Data Report. [Task 3.] INSTITUTION Applied Management Sciences, Inc., Silver Spring, Md. SPONS AGENCY Office of Student Financial Assistance (ED), Washington, DC. PUB DATE 29 Aug 80 CONTRACT 300-79-0742 NOTE 53p.; For related documents, see HE 018 926-927. PUB TYPE Reports Descriptive (141)


This article compares and discusses two prominent novels Bian Cheng and Wei Cheng. Through them, we try to enjoy the art of life, feel the subtlety of human nature and grasp the type and cause of two kinds of lives shown in the two novels. At the same time, by the excavation of the thought about life form and thought about human nature contained in the two novels, and the analysis about the two writers' cultural position and narration mode, we may find out their individual thought and creation about life and art.


In earlier papers (I,esi~ls and I,csins, 1961, 1963il) \\,c recorded tlic cliromoso111c 11~11llt)ers of so11ie of tllc less \\.ell l a ~ o w n spccics of ibfe~ficago. Among rhe il/ledicngo matcrial rccentlv collected and I~rougllt to Alberta thcrc 1\~e1.e certain otllcr little-l:no\\~n tam-that appeared to merh furtller study. So far as tlic authors are a\\.are the chronlosome complements of thcsc tasa have not been in\restigated. These tasa are the subject of this paper.


A field investigation shows that spring water is the main recharge source of streams and lakes on the Inner Mongolia Plateau,in the North China Plain,and on the wetlands in Northeast China,and the isotopes in streams and spring water are different from those in local precipitation,which indicates that there are exogenetic sources for groundwater recharge.Through comparison of 2H and 18O in groundwater in the arid areas of North China and the weighted average values of 2H and 18O in precipitation over China,it was found that the percolating water in the interior regions in Tibet and in the streams and lakes in the arid areas of North China has the same recharge sources.According to preliminary estimates,the leakage amount of streams and lakes is more than 80 billion m3 per year in the interior regions in Tibet.For instance,the annual leakage amount of Nam Co Lake exceeds 9 billion m3.The groundwater cycle is 20 to 30 years,which is determined using the tritium method and chlorofluorocarbons(CFC) method.Therefore,it is deduced that the percolating water in the Qiangtang Basin recharges the groundwater of the Inner Mongolia Plateau,the North China Plain,and the wetlands in North China,in a manner of deep circulation.The groundwater deep-circulation channels may be distributed along the West China Craton,the East China Craton,and the suture zone of microplates.It can be concluded that the deep confined water distributed along the suture zone of microplates is correlated with the deep-circulating water,and the high-conductivity and low-velocity layers in the middle crust along the suture zone are caused by the groundwater deep-circulation channels.


A study was conducted to develop banana and kinnow based fruit beverage and its qualitative evaluation during storage. The TSS, acidity and optical density of banana and kinnow RTS beverage increased with increase in the level of banana juice ratio at different storage condition. The pH decreased with increase in the level of kinnow juice and pH values of the samples composition B70:K30, B60:K40 and B50:K50 after 90 days of storage were observed as 1.60, 1.41 and 1.20, respectively at refrigeration condition. The microbial growth increased during storage period irrespective of banana juice ratio at different storage condition. The ascorbic acid of the RTS samples was decreased during storage period. The minimum ascorbic acid of the sample of juice ratio of the fruits B70:K30, B60:K40 and B50:K50 after 90 days of storage were observed as 1.50, 2.00 and 2.60, respectively at refrigeration condition. The refrigeration storage method was found to be superior over other methods for storage of banana and kinnow based RTS beverage followed by BOD incubator and room temperature conditions.


EDITORIAL COMMENT: We thought readers may appreciate definition of the terms vertical and horizontal transmission before reading this paper. To the epidemiologist vertical transmission means transmission of infection from mother to baby, at or before birth but not necessarily by the transplacental route. It is believed that babies usually become infected with hepatitis B from their carrier mother by ingestion of blood at delivery (vaginal or Caesarean). Horizontal transmission refers to all other types of cross‐infection via body fluids (saliva, blood, vaginal secretions, seminal fluid). Ingestion of infected breast milk would be an example of horizontal transmission from mother to baby. Immunization of infants born to carrier mothers reduces the risk of chronic infection (carrier status) from more than 90% to less than 10%. At birth the baby receives passive immunity by injection of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and active immunity is achieved by a course of 3 injections of hepatitis B vaccine, the first of which is given before the child leaves hospital; the second is given 6 weeks later and the third 6 months later. Prevention of carrier status in babies is thus achieved by a combination of passive and active immunity.


We outline selected trends and results in theoretical modeling of quantum systems in support of the developing research field of quantum information processing. The resulting modeling tools have been applied to semiconductor materials and nanostructures that show promise for implementation of coherent, controlled quantum dynamics at the level of registers of several quantum bits (qubits), such as spins. Many-body field-theoretical techniques have been utilized to address a spectrum of diverse research topics. Specifically, the theory of decoherence and more generally the origin and effects of quantum noise and the loss of entanglement in quantum dynamics of qubits and several-qubit registers has been advanced. Qubit coupling mechanisms via the indirect exchange interaction have been investigated, and quantum computing designs have been evaluated for scalability. We outline general and specific research challenges, the solution of which will advance the field of modeling "open quantum systems" to further our understanding of how environmental influences affect quantum coherence and its loss during quantum dynamics.


The Herschbach 60th Birthday Festschrift, J. Phys. Chem. 97, 2037–2484 (1993), includes a full list of papers published by his group from 1956 through 1992, numbered from 1 to 302. In the 20 years since, 200 more papers have been added. The complete list is posted on his website together with a roster of coworkers. A compilation of research topics is given in Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 51, 1–39 (2000). The 80 papers listed below, selected by Dudley Herschbach, are mostly reviews and essays. That left room for just a few research papers; those chosen had special nostalgic appeal or are outliers not cited in the reviews. To shrink the citations, only names of coauthors are given and initials are used for most journals: JCP1⁄4 J. Chem. Phys.; JPC1⁄4 J. Phys Chem.; FD1⁄4Faraday Discussion; MP1⁄4Molecular Physics.


Abstract Pelvic fracture is a common cause of traumatic injury of the bladder and posterior urethra; however, isolated corporal injury is rare. We present a case of pelvic fracture associated with proximal injury of the penile corpora cavernosa sparing the urethra and bladder, together with a literature review of erectile dysfunction post–pelvic fracture.


Abstract Although bats (Chiroptera) belong to the most diverse mammalian orders, study of diversity of their natural predators has been seriously neglected for a long time. While some recent reviews contain comprehensive overviews of our recent knowledge on these phenomena for some animal groups, such work is still lacking for anamniotes - fishes and amphibians. Here, I am summarising bat predation incidences by anamniotes that were published in scientific journals and public web domains. I found out that at least 14 species of fishes and 14 species of frogs were observed as feeding on bats. Moreover, 7 and 16 species of bats were recorded as victims of hunting activity of fishes and frogs, respectively. Majority of localised incidences came from the New World; frog (between latitude 49°N to 28°S) attacks were distributed mainly in tropical or subtropical areas < 30° from equator (70% of all records), fish (44°N to 20°S) incidences reach same proportion in colder areas (> 30° from equator) and warmer areas. In some cases, these predators can regularly feed on bats, especially when hunting near roosting places of bats; however, with respect to number of recorded cases (21 for fishes and 37 for amphibians), bat predation by anamniotes seems to be very rare and opportunistic with only very limited influence on bat populations or their behaviour.


Calcinosis, Paget's disease, and arteriosclerosis are three systemic disturbances in which the etiology and pathogenesis are not well understood. Anything which may contribute to our knowledge of these conditions merits serious consideration. The purpose of this presentation is to report two unusual cases of pseudoxanthoma elasticum associated with systemic manifestations and to arrive at a possible pathogenesis for this process. In the first patient the cutaneous changes were widely generalized, involving all the skin except the scalp, palms, and soles. There was also extensive peripheral vascular disease and widespread calcification of the major blood vessels, as well as extensive calcinosis of the subcutaneous tissues of the lower extremities with gangrene. The second patient had Paget's disease associated with angioid streaks and pseudoxanthoma elasticum. It is now well recognized that pseudoxanthoma elasticum is a cutaneous expression of a generalized disturbance (probably genetic) of some


The contribution deals with proposal and realization of web service assigned for generation of form's input elements select and radio type. In introduction it offers short survey of actual frameworks with similar possibilities and determinates suggested web service in regard to some frameworks' disadvantages. The web service allows creation of elements <;select> and <;input type="radio"> based on defined database table columns. In next part paper specifies web service purpose and solution principle, its structure and particular methods, more detailed describes all the input parameters of web service as well as service's error states that can arise in consequence of not entered or misdefined input parameters of service. The last part of contribution is devoted to client's side solution as well as service's utilization that it illustrates with specific example.


Abstract : The fate of pollutants discharged into any body of water represents one of today's most pressing problems. One discharged, these pollutants are distributed primarily by advection and turbulent diffusion. To estimate the magnitude of this latter mechanism, a determination of a term known as the turbulent dispersion coefficient is necessary. This memorandum represents a survey of some of the more recent attempts (through mid - 1971) made to define this coefficient for coastal regions, rivers, and estuaries. (Author)


Data regarding the influence of high-pressure coolant on the performance of drilling process using design of experiment has been limitedly available. This paper presents the effect of higher coolant pressures along with spindle speed, feed rate and peck depth on the surface roughness of hole using Taguchi technique. Experimental set up was developed consisting of specially manufactured high-pressure coolant system and high-pressure adapter assembly attached to vertical machining center. Developed experimental set up has optimized utilization of non-through coolant vertical machining center in a small-scale industry. Experiments were conducted on AISI 1055 steel with TiAIN coated drill on the vertical machining center. Taguchi technique was used for design of experiment and analysis of results. Results revealed that the surface roughness improve till coolant pressure reaches to an optimum value of 13.5 bar and there after it decreases. Coolant pressure and spindle speed was the significant process parameters for the hole surface roughness. Surface roughness at the top of hole was considerably lower than the bottom of hole, under the action of all process parameters. Supply of coolant at high pressure has resulted in lower surface roughness even with large peck depth; which indicate that, manufacturing cost can be reduced with the use of high-pressure coolant in drilling.


A three-dimensional steady state model of internal reaction and mass transfer has been established for a better understanding of electrochemical performance of zinc-nickel single flow battery (ZNB). Combining with a global kinetic, the model is based on a comprehensive description of mass, momentum, charge for reactions considering the flow between anode and cathode, species transport, and electrochemical reaction between electrodes and electrolyte. This paper emphasizes an internal ion concentration and electrode current density distribution of the ZNB. The effect of channel width and electrolyte flow rate on the electrochemical performance is also studied in the simulation. In addition, the verification of the mathematical model is illustrated by the agreement between the numerical and experimental I–V curves.


Objective To investigate the occurrence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy related factors.Methods Retrospective analysis of this group in our hospital of the 3412 cases,accounted for 1320 cases of birth Han,Kazak parturition was 563 cases,two sets of data on pregnancy-induced hypertension,sub-mild preeclampsia,severe preeclampsia,eclampsia and anemia were statistically analyzed in December 2006 and November 2010.Results The incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension between Han,Kazakh two communities were 10.8% and 23.3%.There was significant difference between two groups(P0.01).Anemia and pregnancy rates were 26.1% and 30.4%.There was significant difference between two groups(P0.05).Conclusion The incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in addition to other related anemia,in which different dietary habits also contribute to the high incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension important factor in Han and Kazakh,normal and reasonable eating habits is to reduce the incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy effective way.


The aim of this paper is to provide an introduction towards the architectural design of a bi-fold authenticated agent-monitored transaction model. The focus is primarily on implementation in ATM systems which provide the following facilities of withdrawing currency at any remote terminal, verification of the end users identity using Personal Identification Number and an authentic One-Time-SessionDependent Key generation and validation through the mobile. This system requires building up of an third party agent which would establish a secure session to the bank application with the terminal only after a series of authentication mechanism without compromising the privacy of any individual. The customers, without any insider privileges, can withdraw currency without being detected by any mechanisms of theft of card and eaves dropping of the Password from the card holders within the terminal software are also a major threat yet to be addressed. A basic solution is the terminals having bi-fold authentication mechanisms where mobile dependent one time session dependent key is being generated with authenticity being ensured and the confidentiality being maintained. In such a system, the correctness burden on the terminal's code is significantly less as the customers have been given the chance to authorize themselves from their hand-held devices and are allowed to withdraw currency in terminal only after their identity is proved by a series of authentication procedures. In this paper along with the bi-fold authentication implementation, architectural design of the agent which is being introduced is also briefed.


Scientists from around the world have issued an open letter in support of the Harvard University nanoscientist Charles Lieber who has been charged by the US government over lying about his connections with institutions supported by the Chinese government.


The onset and development of autoimmune diseases in humans is based on several factors which include both a strong genetic background as well as environmental factors. The latter act on the genetically predisposed host triggering the immune mechanism that produces the immunopathological diseases known as organ specific or non-organ specific ones1. A large bulk of evidences2-4 indicate that major histocompatibility complex genes play a pivotal role; these determinants act in association with several non major histocompatibility complex genes mostly involved in antigen processing and presentation and in the process of cell-tocell cooperation. Nevertheless, although such a large documentation suggests that autoimmune diseases have strong genetic bases, the precise definition of the genes involved in such a process is still lacking. Clinical cases characterized by a multiorgan involvement raise intriguing questions about the fine mechanism involved in the tolerance to self components and about the abnormalities that allow for autoimmune reactivity. The paper by Ghiringhelli et al.5 published in the present issue of Annali describes the clinical observations on a case of autoimmune disease involving different organs. The patient was affected by autoimmune thyroiditis, myasthenia gravis, polymyositis and alopecia and presented with this clinical picture following thymus removal because of a thymoma. The different organs (thyroid, muscle and skin) involved in the autoimmune pathology during a longtime interval, might lead to interpret in a unified manner all the conditions as a complex association of multiorgan autoimmunity, rather than as distinct situations. It may be hypothesized that the removal of the thymus compromised, in a patient already prone to autoimmunity, the capacity to avoid self reactivity. This observation acquires great importance in the light of the recent discovery of a gene located on chromosome 21 that can go through several and different mutation processes that correlate with a rare autosomal recessively inherited disease: autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) also known as autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) type I. Endocrine APS is generally divided into two major sub


Theory, measurements, and signal processing applying to the radar remote sensing of weather objects are considered. Algorithms for hydrometeor type and turbulence intensity recognition are developed and analyzed. Particularly, fuzzy logic and neural network approaches are applied for weather radar signal processing.


We show that the limiting Khovanov chain complex of any infinite positive braid categorifies the Jones-Wenzl projector. This result extends Lev Rozansky's categorification of the Jones-Wenzl projectors using the limiting complex of infinite torus braids. We also show a similar result for the limiting Lipshitz-Sarkar-Khovanov homotopy types of the closures of such braids. Extensions to more general infinite braids are also considered.


Security is a very important requirement for any Web application. In order to avoid free-rider behaviors and reduce requesters' malicious accesses in Web services, a kind of trust management based on feedback and time decay in Web Services is presented in this paper. According to the service providers' feedback, honest accesses will be rewarded while dishonest ones will get punishment by such mechanism, which would effectively encourage the service requesters to take part in access control honestly and avoid free-rider behaviors by giving those who are dishonest and inactive a kind of time decay punishment. After simulated experiments, the effectiveness of the trust mechanism is verified, which indicates that this kind of trust management is able to encourage the service requesters to take part in access control much more actively with an honest attitude so that the security of Web services gets improved.


Except for accounts of journalists, dissident employees, and an occasional congressional committee focusing on crime and unethical practices, we have known very little about how television programs are produced. The Hollywood TV Producer, originally published in 1971, was the first serious examination of constraints, conflicts, and rewards in the daily lives of television producers. Its insights were important at the time and have not been challenged. Using as her framework the social system of mass communications, Muriel G. Cantor shows how producers select stories for television series and how movies end up in prime time. In order to get a comprehensive look at the inner workings of the TV industry and its producers, the author interviewed eighty producers in Hollywood over a two-season period. She probed to discover how the people producers work for and where they work influences their decision-making. As Cantor shows, critics of television who suggest that to remain in production, a producer must first please the business organization that finances his or her operations, are largely correct. Cantor shows that content is determined by a combination of artistic and professional factors, as well as social, economic, and political norms that have developed over time in the industry.


Fish assemblages along marine artificial reefs have been the objects of numerous studies. Most of them distinguish resident from transient species according to their habitat association level. Despite its wide use, this distinction presents practical complications for two main reasons: first, the method used for assessing habitat association level may cause mistakes, and second, no objective method has been proposed thus far to determine the habitat association level that should be considered as a boundary between resident and transient species. This paper aims at overcoming these two problems. In order to improve and standardize assessment of habitat association level, we developed a habitat association index (HAI) whose calculation requires only presence-absence data. By taking into account both species occurrence rate and occurrence patterns, our index minimizes the risk of erroneously perceiving species as being equally associated to a habitat. In order to distinguish between resident and transient species objectively, we propose to plot HAI against occurrence rate and then seek the combination providing the most significantly different groups with reference to the relation between these two variables. Using two different datasets collected along Japanese artificial reefs and comparing the results with the ones obtained through an alternate method consisting of plotting persistence against maximum abundance and looking for a major gap along the persistence axis, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this two-step method.


While intestinal Escherichia coli strains can be grouped into at least six different pathotypes, extraintestinal E. coli strains fall into three groups: MENEC (meningitis E. coli) strains, which cause newborn meningitis (NBM), SEPEC (septicemia E. coli) strains, which cause meningitis and septicemia, and UPEC (uropathogenic E. coli) strains, which are by far the most common cause of uncomplicated cases of urinary tract infections (UTIs). This chapter focuses mainly on UPEC because urinary tract infections represent, by number, the most important bacterial infectious disease in highly industralized countries. At least four pathogenicity islands (PAIs) are present in the genome of UPEC 536. Sample sequencing analysis of PAI IJ96, PAI IIJ96, and PAIs I536 to IV536 was performed by investigating overlapping cosmid clones; the results of this analysis are discussed. Integrase genes and other bacteriophage-specific sequences may have played an important role for the evolution of pathogenic bacteria and that their presence on PAIs is one of the main characteristics of PAIs. The newly acquired sequences often form blocks of DNA which may code for virulence but also code for other distinct properties such as secretion, degradation of xenobiotic compounds, metabolic functions, and resistance to antibiotics. PAIs of UPEC strains are excellent examples for the study of the evolution of prokaryotic genomes in pathogenic and nonpathogenic microbes.


Bleaching of a preformed solution of the blue-green radical cation 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothizoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+·) has been extensively used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of complex mixtures and individual compounds. The reaction of the preformed radical with free-radical scavengers can be easily monitored by following the decay of the sample absorbance at 734 nm. The ABTS radical cation can be prepared employing different oxidants. Results obtained using MnO2 as oxidant show that the presence of manganese ions increases the rate of [ABTS]+· autobleaching in a concentration-dependent manner. The radicals can also be obtained by oxidizing ABTS with 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane)hydrochloride (AAPH) or peroxodisulfate (PDS). The oxidation by AAPH takes place with a large activation energy and a low reaction order in ABTS. The data support a mechanism in which the homolysis of AAPH is the rate-limiting step, followed by the reaction of ABTS with the peroxyl radicals produced after the azocompound thermolysis. On the other hand, the low activation energy measured employing PDS, as well as the kinetic law, are compatible with the occurrence of a bimolecular reaction between the oxidant and ABTS. Regarding the use of ABTS-based methodologies for the evaluation of free radical scavengers, radical cations obtained employing AAPH as oxidant can be used only at low temperatures, conditions where further decomposition of the remaining AAPH is minimized. The best results are obtained with ABTS derived radicals generated in the reaction of PDS with an ABTS/PDS concentration ratio equal (or higher) to two. However, even with radicals prepared by this procedure, stoichiometric coefficients considerably larger than two are obtained for the consumption of the radical cation employing tryptophane or p-terbutylphenol as reductants. This casts doubts on the use of ABTS-based procedures for the estimation of antioxidant capacities. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 659–665, 2002


The theoretical calculation of orientation dependence of the electromechanical coupling factor for the thickness extensional mode, k1, in KNbO3 crystal has shown that it is as high as 69% for the 49.5° rotated X-cut about the Y-axis, which is the highest among known piezoelectricS. To experimentally confirm this, the immpedence responses of the thickness-extensional mode vibrators are measured and the related constants are evaluated. The measured coupling factor is as high as 70%. The strain vs electric-field behaviors of the pseudocubic (001) cut, which is close to the 49.5° rotated X-cut, are measured. The strain vs electric field curves exhibit large hysteresis in a high electric field range for as-cut single domain crystals, whereas for etched single domain crystals they exhibit good linearity even in the high electric field range. Similar experiments are performed for multidomain (001) cut crystals poled along the <001> direction and the results are cornjmed with those of single domain crystals. Based on the results, a possibility that the enhanced piemelectric properties in engineered domain structures of KNb03, PZN-PT, and BaTiO3 are mainly due to the orientation dependence of d33 is suggested.


Social distancing became a must during the pandemic, which not only had implications for people's social lives, but also for their learning. Collaborative work was almost impossible, especially in the classroom, despite a great need for this approach. For example, in their translation classes, the learners needed to collaborate with their peers, assisting each other in translating texts. Thus, the use of breakout groups is proposed in this study, although there is no guarantee that learners will accept this online approach. Consequently, the current research looks at learners' acceptance of breakout groups on Blackboard in a translation class. To examine their acceptance, an existing scale was used, developed by Davis (1989) to measure two factors of technology acceptance: perceived usefulness and ease of use. A sample of 54 students on a Translation course at Al-Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, participated in this study. The results show that the learners found breakout groups on Blackboard to be useful and easy to use.


Author investigating the content of notion « working conditions» in economic and law. She is revealding the aggregate of factors of labour environment which predetermine the legal stuffing of given category. The researcher advancing the author's definition of working conditions in sphere of labour law.


An ECU (61) selects a power supply mode which controls / regulates, in a case in which, through an ignition switch (71) a start-up of a fuel cell vehicle (11) is instructed and it is detected a power supply to an inverter device (12) that a power supply input (11a) and a power supply connector (12a) are connected to each other, on the basis of a voltage of a CONNECT signal, and selects a driving / running mode from which the driving / driving the fuel cell vehicle (11) controls / regulates, in a case where through the ignition switch (71) a start-up of the fuel cell vehicle (11) is instructed and it is detected that the power supply input (11a) and the power supply connector (12a) are not connected to each other based on a voltage of the CONNECT signal.


Bovine mastitis is a costly disease in the dairy farms globally. The control of such disease is generally based on the prevention by the strict hygienic measures during milking. Other approaches include vaccination and the application of antibiotics. Regardless to these procedures, mastitis is not entirely under the control, thus increasing the need for alternative tactics. This study was conducted to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from fresh cow's milk which possess antibacterial activity that could be used for mastitis control. 146 isolates were recognized as (LAB) from105 milk tanks samples after being cultured anaerobically on de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar plates for 48 hours at 37 oC and identified by general bacteriological investigation. Afterwards, 24   isolates were identified to belong to genus Lactobacillus using polymerase chain reaction (PCR),  and for species level recognition MALDI-TOF MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry) was used resulted in : L. fermentum (5), L. brevis (3), L. plantarum (4), L. paracasei (2), L. rhamnosus (3), L. pentosus (2), L. casei (3), L. raffinolactis (1) and L. mesenteroids (1). The antimicrobial activity of these strains against one of the major mastitis pathogens, S. aureus,was detected by the agar well diffusion assay and the  modified double layer method , where L. casei, L. fermentum andL. plantarum possess the most inhibiting effect besides they have no hemolytic nor gelatin liquefaction activity when their safety profiles were evaluated. The result of the antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that these isolates were resistant to vancomycin (VA), neomycin (N) and gentamycin (CN). On the other hands, they were highly sensitive to amoxicillin clavulanic acid (AMC), levamisole (LEV), tetracycline (TE) and penicillin (P).The study suggests that L. casei, L. fermentum and L. plantarum are perfect candidates to be used as probiotics to help in   preventing and controlling bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus as they were proven to be safe and have antimicrobial activity againstthe organism.


Objective To explore the clinical features of hippocampal lesions. Methods the clinical data of 21 patients with hippocampal lesions,15 males and 6 females,aged 19(8-42),with a duration of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy(MTLE),underwent resection of the anterior temporal lobe,amygdaloid nucleus,and hippocampus.The resected hippocampal tissues were examined pathologically.Before the operation 24-hour EEG and MRI scan were performed. The patients were followed up for 1-2 years.Results The clinical manifestations included complex partial seizure(11 cases),absence seizure(5 cases),tonic-clonic seizure(4 cases),and simple partial seizure(1 case).EEG showed spike waves in 18 patients.MRI scan showed full hippocampus and long T2 signal in 10 cases,enlarged temporal horn,hyperintense signal in T2,and decreased volume of hippocampus in 8 cases,long T1 and T2 signals and obvious space-occupying lesion in hippocampus in one case,and normal images in 2 cases.Pathological examination revealed sclerosis of hippocampus in 11 cases,astrocytoma in 6 cases,paraganglioma in 1 case,embryonic tumor of neuroepithelial tissue in 1 case,atypical hyperplasia in 1 case,and radiation necrosis in 1 case.Sixteen of the eighteen followed-up patients remained seizure-free.Statistical analysis demonstrated significant difference in MRI between hippocampal tumor and hippocampal sclerosis.Conclusion MTLE patients with T2 signal and r hippocampus large than that of the contralateral side should be considered as with hippocampal tumor and as indication of operation.


In the last few decades, massive earthquakes, which can damage many homes and buildings, have often occurred. To slow down or prevent damage from earthquakes, various technologies are needed. From this technology, simulators of ground motion from earthquakes can be used to remind people of the dangers of earthquakes. This paper introduces a portable earthquake simulator to simulate two-dimensional ground motion from an earthquake. Focusing on the design concept, structure, and features of this new simulator, the author discusses its implementation and verifies its feasibility with the results of the initial experiments. Keywords—Building Characteristic, Earthquake Simulation, Portable Shake Table.


Patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) had a significant reduction in IOP and did not require anti-glaucoma medications over 1 year postoperatively when micro-invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) was performed, according to interim results for a MIGS study group that were reported by David F. Chang, MD.


This research used logistic regression to model item responses from a popular 360-degree-for-development survey used in a leadership development programme given to middle and upper level European managers in Brussels. The survey contained 106 items on 16 scales. The model used gender of ratee and rater group to identify items that exhibited differential item functioning (DIF). The rater groups were self, boss, peer, and direct report. The sample consisted of 356 survey families where a survey family consisted of a matched set of four surveys: one self, one boss, one peer, and one direct report. The sample contained 88% male and 12% female raters. The sample contained 1424 total surveys. The procedure for flagging items exhibiting differential functioning used effect size computed from Wald chi-square statistics rather than statistical significance, resulting in fewer flagged items. One item exhibited rating anomalies due to the gender of the ratee; 55 items exhibited DIF attributable to rater group. The apparent effect of the DIF was small with each item. An examination of the maximum likelihood parameter estimates suggested the rater group DIF was the result of either hierarchical complexity or organizational contingency. The DIF due to gender conformed to prior expectations of gender-related stereotypical interpretations. This research further suggested that DIF due to environmental complexity or organizational contingency could be a naturally occurring phenomenon in some 360-degree assessment, and that the interpretation of some 360-degree feedback could need to include the potential for such DIF to exist.


The article is devoted to the issue of the future as set in Brusov's dramas, the drama «Piroent» in particular. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that in his drama Brusov puts emphasis on the crucial issue of the epoch – the struggle between the spiritual and the technical


Although researchers have been engaged in fabrication of neural network hardware, only a few networks implemented with a learning algorithm have been reported. A learning algorithm is required to be implemented on a VLSI chip because off-chip learning with a digital computer consumes too much time to be applied to many practical problems. The main obstacle to implement a learning algorithm is the complexity of the proposed algorithms. Algorithms like backpropagation include complex multiplication, summation and derivatives, which are very difficult to implement with VLSI circuits. The authors propose a new learning algorithm, which is suitable for analog implementation and implement it on a 2.2 mm/spl times/2.2 mm neural network chip with 100 weights, using the standard 2.0 /spl mu/m MOSIS process. The chips have successfully learned the XOR Gate problem.


The fundamental concepts and challenges of orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation have been reviewed in Part I of this three-part tutorial. In this second part, we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art transceiver designs for OTFS systems, with a particular focus on the cyclic prefix (CP) design, window design, pulse shaping, channel estimation, and signal detection. Furthermore, we analyze the performance of OTFS modulation, including the diversity gain and the achievable rate. Specifically, comparative simulations are presented to evaluate the error performance of different OTFS detection schemes, and the advantages of coded OTFS systems over coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are investigated.


Much is known about the effects of risk on behavior and communication, yet little research has considered how these risks influence modes of cultural and cognitive processing dynamics that underlie public perceptions, communications, and social (in)action. This article presents a psychological model of risk communications that demonstrates how cognitive structure, cultural schema, and environment awareness could be combined to improve risk communication. We illustrate the explanatory value of the model's usefulness on two qualitative case studies: one on decision-makers facing extreme heat, and another on homeowners facing flood events. Consistent with the model predictions, we find that cognitive structure, cultural schema, and environment awareness dynamics are not only necessary determinants to strengthen risk communications, but also important for understanding perceptions of risk and people's (in)action to engage in mitigation and adoption efforts. This suggests that decision-makers hoping to reduce disaster risk or improve disaster resilience may wish to consider how these three dynamics exist and interact.


Recent work showing that a sounder financial system is associated with faster economic growth has important implications for transition economies. Stock prices in developed economies move in highly firm-specific ways that convey information about changes in firms' marginal value of investment. This information facilitates the rapid flow of capital to its highest value uses. In contrast, stock prices in low-income countries tend to move up and down en masse , and thus are of scant use for microeconomic capital allocation. Some transition economy markets are coming to resemble those of developed economies, others those of low-income countries. Stock return asynchronicity is highly correlated with the strength of private property rights in general and public shareholders' rights in particular. Other recent work suggests that small entrenched elites in low-income countries preserve their sweeping control over the corporate sectors of their economies by using political influence to undermine the financial system and deprive entrants of capital. The lack of cross-sectional independence in some transition economies' stock returns may be a warning of such economic entrenchment . Sound property rights, solid shareholder rights, stock market transparency, and capital account openness appear to check this, and thus contribute to efficient capital allocation and economic growth. JEL classifications: O16, P2, F21.


Interest in the possible applications of a priori inequalities in
linear elasticity theory motivated the present investigation. Korn's
inequality under various side conditions is considered, with emphasis
on the Korn's constant. In the "second case" of Korn's inequality, a
variational approach leads to an eigenvalue problem; it is shown that,
for simply-connected two-dimensional regions, the problem of determining
the spectrum of this eigenvalue problem is equivalent to finding
the values of Poisson's ratio for which the displacement boundary-value
problem of linear homogeneous isotropic elastostatics has a non-unique solution. Previous work on the uniqueness and non-uniqueness issue for
the latter problem is examined and the results applied to the spectrum
of the Korn eigenvalue problem. In this way, further information on
the Korn constant for general regions is obtained. A generalization of the "main case" of Korn's inequality is introduced
and the associated eigenvalue problem is a gain related to the
displacement boundary-value problem of linear elastostatics in two
dimensions.


The purpose of the article is to clarify the features of сhrono-fiction in S. Krzhizhanovsky 's story "Memories of the Future". An understanding of the author's concept and plot function of time travel, a systematic description of different levels of poetics of the story (type of hero, plot-composition structure, space-time structure, narrative organization) are offered.

The relevance of the study is determined by the interest of modern literary studies in the problems of science fiction and сhrono-fiction as its variety, as well as the insufficient study of S. Krzhizhanovskyi 's work in this aspect.

The plot of the story is subordinated to the idea of time travel and its implementation. The work presents multidimensional time and changing space, but the description of the future as a specific historical epoch does not receive a detailed social and everyday characteristic. The most important thing is the process of movement in time, its experience by the hero and the spiritual evolution of the characters.

The storyteller's focus is on the formation of an idea in the hero's mind and its transformation under the influence of the journey. Time becomes a theme, a problem, a hero, a participant in the conflict and the main component of the artistic structure of the story. Time can be attributed to the system of characters of the work, since it is with him that the inventor Sterer, who corresponds to the archetype of a cultural hero, enters into a dispute and a duel. As the plot develops, the relationship between the main character and the surrounding reality, historical time, changes. This is the essence of the plot of formation, to which the hero-inventor and a secondary character - his biographer Stynskyi - are related. Sterer 's transformation is sudden, Stynsky 's transformation is gradual, which ensures the openness of the finale.

Chrono-fiction Krzhizhanovsky 's work differs from other authors' сhrono-fiction in that the writer is not interested in either the world of the past or the world of the future. He is interested in the development of the idea within the hero, and the hero within the idea, the struggle with time and its consequences for man. Krzhizhanovsky 's story does not reveal the content of Sterer 's dystopia, which plagued its author. The very fact of its creation as a result of the hero's formation is important.


The hydrochloric acid-catalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment of brown seaweed residues (Laminaria japonica) was optimized with respect to three operating factors: temperature, time, and the concentration of HCl, using response surface methodology (RSM). In order to confirm the significance of the quadratic model, an analysis of variance was performed, which resulted in an F-value of 11.09. Therefore, the regression model was highly significant. Additionally, the pareto chart was used to contrast the absolute values of the standardized effects. Response surface and contour plots were used to illustrate a surface with a maximum. The perturbation plot showed the sensitivity of the reducing sugars yield to the independent factors. Under the reaction conditions of 142 °C, 9 °C, 18.6 min, and 0.1 N HCl concentration, the experimental yield of 113.0 mg/g and the predicted yield of 107.5 mg/g were obtained.


Interleukin 1 (IL‐1) is involved in various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra) is the naturally occurring antagonist to IL‐1α and ‐1β. Polymorphisms of IL‐1β have been associated with variations in IL‐1β production (nucleotides +3953 and −511). A variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the IL‐1Ra gene has been associated (allele 2) with increased IL‐1Ra production. We examined these polymorphisms in human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐matched allogeneic bone marrow transplant patients and donors. IL‐1Ra VNTR (allele 2) in the donor genotype was more frequent with milder acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGvHD) grades 0–II (29 out of 59 transplants) than severe GvHD grades III–IV (2 out of 18 transplants) (P = 0·0032). This association was confirmed in a subgroup with cyclosporine monotherapy prophylaxis: donor possession of allele 2 was again associated with milder aGvHD, grades 0–II (19 out of 38 transplants), than grades III–IV (1 out of 14) (P = 0·0042) transplants. No association was found between the IL‐1β−511 or IL‐1β+3953 polymorphism and severity of GvHD. Recipient IL‐1Ra VNTR genotype (allele 2) showed a strong trend towards association with aGvHD severity (P = 0·0697). Thus, the donor genotype for the IL‐1Ra polymorphism has an apparent protective role against acute GvHD following transplantation and may be an additional factor for individual risk assessment for complications, including GvHD, post transplant.


suspicious of the tightness of the system, the structural lack of unresolved remain ders, the intellectualistic tendency in the treatment of faith, and the placing of the contemplative life above the response of faith. But whatever the response in critical appraisal, the book is primarily "an experience." Here is Neo-Thomism at its most passionate and yet most responsible height. Aspects of the contextual reference may, for some, be the occasion for impatience. But what is really important is that this is a book on being and its reading an experience of being. The book is generously documented and has eighty pages of appendices, includ ing such topics as "The Concept/' " O n Analogy," and "What God Is."


To elucidate the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in hepatobiliary disorders, the present author measured the fasting cholic acid levels in serum and followed up the changes of the levels after MCT milk administration. The subjects were 17 cases of neonatal hepatitis, 24 cases of congenital biliary atresia (CBA), 19 cases of other hepatobiliary disorders and 117 normal children.


Today context-aware applications are isolated systems designed for a special scenario. There is no way to combine different applications, which is common practice with desktop applications since years. For example, the airline knows when your plane leaves, your PDA knows your GPS position, VirtualEarth knows how long you need to the airport, and another service can order a taxi to your current position. When you manage to combine these services, you will get informed when you must go to the airport and a taxi is ordered to your current position. Thus, in the future we need to federate context-data retrieved from different sources and services on the internet. This imposes several challenges: (1) We need an architecture that allows us to federate these services and to communicate with the users. (2) We need tools that allow programmers to quickly implement and deploy services on the network to generate a grass-roots movement. (3) We need a general purpose user-interface for such applications that allows users to deal with context-data and interact with context-aware services. In this paper we sketch our architecture for service-oriented context-aware applications. Based on this architecture we develop a general purpose user interface which is a collage of instant messenger, roadmap, and web browser. In this paper, we describe the formatting requirements for the CHI Conference and offer a number of suggestions on writing style for the worldwide CHI readership.


In the past we were witnessed the drop of interest for studying physics. Many reasons for that were identified and improved but some are still present. To understand physics students need huge mathematical knowledge that is beyond their abilities in primary and secondary schools. Physics experiments are real physics but the measurements generally differ from the physics equations in primary and secondary education. Many things have to be over-simplified from the real world experiment for students to solve the problem analytically by using math equations. In the past years, we used simulations for examining physics phenomena that were able to hide complex mathematics and show the same behaviour like physics experiments. However, with the drop of support of Java applets all those applets become obsolete. We are now facing dilemma, do we need to recreate simulations or use simulation environment and use the process of creation of simulations as learning tool. With the case study method, we have tested one example of free physics simulation environment Algodoo to see which group of students is the best for such approach. This didactical approach is not suitable for all students but it has important benefits for the others.