The nature of the electrode polarization process involving O/sub 2/ gas mixtures has been investigated in a 10 mole percent Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/-stabilized ZrO/sub 2/ tubular solid electrolyte cell with porous Au electrodes in the temperature range 650/sup 0/-850/sup 0/C. The polarization phenomena are dominated by cathodic processes occurring on the inside wall of the tube. In the intermediate oxygen pressure range (P/sub 0/2=10/sup -2/-0.21 atm), the reactor operated in a differential mode. The shapes of the experimental current-overpotential curves are in accordance with the form of a modified Butler-Volmer relationship with the forward and backward cathodic transfer coefficients being equal to 1 and with a model being employed in which charge transfer takes place in the two-phase region between the Au-electrode and ZrO/sub 2/ electrolyte. The most plausible rate-determining step is found to be the surface diffusion of adsorbed O/sub 2/ species on the electrolyte surface inside this two-dimensional ZrO/sub 2/-Au interface. The apparent exchange current I/sub o/app is found experimentally to be proportional to P/sub O/2 to the 0.53 +. 0.06 power. This behavior of I/sub 0/app eliminates many possible mechanisms and corroborates the one involving surface diffusion of O/sub 2/ in addition to charge transfer steps involvingmore » species O/sub 2//sup -/ and/or O/sup -/. For very low values of P/sub 0/2(<10/sup -3/ atm), the reactor operated in an integral mode with large conversions. In this case, significant changes that occur in the oxygen concentration owing to axial gas-phase diffusion must be accounted for in employing the above model. In the case of high pressures, both the processes of charge transfer and surface diffusion play a rate-determining role in the overall electrode dynamics. The activation enthalpy for the overall cathodic reaction is estimated to be 64 +. 8 kcal/mol.« less


The TSS-1R science mission was conducted on the space shuttle STS-75 at the end of February 1996. During the flight, the Tethered Satellite was deployed to a distance of 19.7km and current was collected by the Satellite. Over the course of science operations, a rich dataset of current-voltage measurements was collected from instruments onboard both the satellite and the shuttle. We have constructed I-V curves including the uncertainties from Mission data. Comparing the TSS IV characteristics with known theoretical models, we find that the level of electron current collected exceeds those predicted by the steady state models. At high voltages (> 300 V), the I-V characteristics scale with potential according to the Parker-Mutphy model, implying a magnetically insulated collection process. The absolute value of the current collected greatly exceeds predictions of present models. The fact that TSS collected large currents at relatively low potentials bring many of the tether applications, such as power and thrust generation, closer to realization.


The ordered double perovskites SrLaMnBO_(6)(B:Mo,W) were prepared by sol-gel reaction.The XRD results suggest that the crystal structure of SrLaMnMoO_(6) belongs to the monoclinic P2_(1)/n space group and that of SrLaMnWO_(6) belongs to the tetragonal I4/m space group.The competition between band filling effect and steric effect results in the expansion of cell volume for SrLaMnBO_(6)(B:Mo,W).Magnetic measurements indicated that both samples showed very weak ferro-/ferrimagntism,but the magnetic moments at H=0(extrapolated) from the magnetic moment vs applied magnetic field curves are 0.72μ_(B) and 0.16μ_(B) for SrLaMnMoO_(6) and SrLaMnWO_(6),respectively,much smaller than the expected net magnetic moments.From the(temperature) dependence of magnetization for SrLaMnMoO_(6),ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition is(observed),which is not shown for SrLaMnWO_(6).


When the multi-storied buildings are
constructed a suitable care should be taken while
designing, as they are subjected to lateral forces. The
behaviour of multi-story building depends upon either in
plan or in vertical direction i.e, elevation, is considered as
one of the main causes of failure during earthquakes.
Thus irregular structures, especially the structures which
are located in seismic zones are required a special
attention during analysis and design of structure. In this
study Plan irregular (C-shaped building) is considered to
carry out study. Bracing system is installed to provide
strength against lateral loading and the behaviour of the
structure in terms of base shear, story drift, stiffness and
the lateral displacements are observed. Three different
types of bracings X, V and Diagonal are installed in the
structure. Total 4 models are analysed for 7 story height
level, 4 Models are computed to determine the
performance of the structure. One MRF and three models
with different bracing system. And the best suitable
bracing system for this study. The method used for this
study is response spectrum method, to perform dynamic
analysis of the structure.


Radon is the most accessible radioactive gas in life. The radon in ambient air mainly comes from the soil. In order to ensure the accuracy and validity of the measurement of radon concentration in the soil, the paper discusses the influencing factors of the measurement of radon concentration in the soil through the controlled variable method. On the basis of familiarity with the principle of measuring the concentration of radon in the soil, using the radon meter to study the influence of the measurement depth, measurement period, soil type, fault and other factors on the measurement results in the actual measurement process, experiments show that the measurement depth maintained at 60 - 80 cm is appropriate; the measurement period has little effect on the measurement results, but measurement should be avoided in rainy days; different soil types have different effects on the measurement results, and the density and gap of the soil should be comprehensively considered; the radon concentration at the fault location will be obviously elevated.


Objective To examine the stimulatory effect of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) on cytokines tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF)- αand interleukin (IL)- 1βmRNA expression in synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis. Method LTB4、LPS (lipopolysaccharide) and MK- 886 (inhibitor of 5- LOX- activating protein FLAP) were added to the culture system of synoviocytes of patient with RA. The expression of TNF-αand IL-1βmRNA in RA synoviocytes were detected by real- time quantitative PCR. Results The values of basic TNF- αand IL- 1β(IL- 1β/GAPDH and TNF- α/GAPDH) were 0.16±0.09 and 0.02±0.00(n=6) in the original generation of RA synoviocytes detected by real-time PCR assay. The expression of TNF-αmRNA in the original generation of RA synoviocytes cells was 7 to 15 times higher than control. Twenty- four hours after the administration of extraneous LTB4 at 10-9 mol/L to 10-8 mol/L, the IL-1βmRNA expression was one time higher than the original generation. While LPS stimulated endogenous LTB4 could increase mRNA expression of TNF-αand IL-1βby 12 times and 145 times. With LPS presented, MK-886 at 1 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L both suppressed LTB4 secre- tion and decreased TNF- αmRNA expression for 15% ̄66% (n=7, P0.05)and IL- 1βmRNA expression for 41% ̄71% (n=6, P0.01). Conclusion LTB4 can modulate the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF- αand IL- 1β.


In this paper, we present a novel low-cost yet durable and accurate smart stick to assist visually impaired people while they walk in indoor/outdoor unstructured environments. There is a large group of people who have difficulties in their daily routine work due to losing their eyesight. Walking with confidence is one of them which may have different challenges in different environments/countries. We have considered Indian context where outdoor environments are often clustered and noisy. Keeping these challenges in mind, a new smart stick is developed which is capable of detecting obstacles of any height in front or slightly sideways of the person. The stick gives a fair idea about the distance and the location of obstacles through vibration in hand and audio in the ear of the person. The wireless connection has been set up using Bluetooth between the earphone and the stick. Different frequencies of the generated vibration and different tracks of the audio alert the person about the distance of the obstacle. Real-time experiments have been conducted in different environments by different people to observe the accuracy of the stick and results are quite encouraging.


Numerical results on the evolution of thermal stresses in multilevel interconnects are presented. Two levels of aluminum lines with an aspect ratio of unity, aligned vertically or arranged in a staggered manner, are considered by recourse to the finite element analysis. The stresses are found to be significantly higher in the lower-level lines than in the upper-level lines, for both the aligned and staggered arrangements. The stress magnitudes are generally smaller in lines of staggered arrangement, compared to the case of aligned lines. Implications of the present findings are discussed, with directions of future studies highlighted.


By analyzing characteristics of components in pneumatic position servo system,the mathematical model of system is built up.The simulation model is established by using the Simulink of Matlab.Based on the date of PID control experiment and PID control simulation,the validity of mathematical model is proved.The Simulink simulation model based on this mathematical model better reflects the characteristics of pneumatic position servo system.The better precision simulation of pneumatic position servo system was realized.


Abstract : A monolithic programmable surface wave matched filter was designed, fabricated and evaluated having a ROM controlled 31-bit Si-MOSFET biphase tap structure and a zinc oxide film layer transducer structure. Individual matched filter devices were capable of generating and correlating 31-bit PN sequences at a carrier frequency of 100 MHz with a 10 megabit/second rate. Two of the devices were incorporated in an encoder system with controlling logic circuitray which permitted contiguous signal generation by random selection of codes from the 6 x 31-bit read only memory of the device. A single device was used to correlate coded signals produced by a similar matched filter and a digitally generated signal. The device provides a high degree of signal processing integration on a single silicon chip measuring 770 by 75 mils.


To the Editor, Pain is a persistent practical problem in photodynamic therapy (PDT) (1–3). The exact underlying mechanism is poorly described, as are the prevalence and characteristics of the pain. Pain is, however, frequent and substantial, often presenting itself as the limiting factor in the completion of PDT. Various forms of pain relief may be used, but often the use of either cold air or a spray of cold water will suffice to allow the patient to complete a treatment session albeit with some discomfort (4, 5). Routine registration of pain is, therefore, potentially of significant help in obtaining a sufficient body of data for future analysis. Most commonly, the registration of pain is carried out on a visual analogue scale (VAS) at the end of a session, where the patient is asked to assess the pain associated with the treatment. This procedure is a well recognized and a standard procedure, but does require a level of abstraction in the patients to yield a meaningful result. It also requires an additional process to be completed by the treating staff. If a pain assessment can be automatically included in all treatment sessions, this would ease the data collection without delaying the PDT sessions unnecessarily. Usually each treatment centre has a routine approach using, e.g. a spray of cold water as a first attempt at analgesia wherever necessary. It was speculated that the time between the start of the PDT session and the use of, e.g. cold water spray may correlate with the VAS pain score, and therefore that time-to-water (TTW) could form an easy practical approach to objective pain assessment routinely. Report


The study aims to highlight the relationship between political and economic, the arena that unfolds the rise of a state. Economic Doctrine in all its context appreciated that a developed society means a society primarily politically stable, a democratic society, in which the balance in a perpetual change, government opposition does not affect economic approach.


The studies that formed the basis of this article were conducted in order to improve the quality of operation of multifunctional ground vehicles, including special ones. The object of the study is special multifunctional wheeled transport and technological machines and complexes, their transmission units. The choice is due to the good adaptability of these vehicles to operation in the conditions of the road networks of the North, Siberia and the Far East.


Elimination of censorship and state monopoly on the air in 1990. started the process of transformation of media in Poland, becoming the basis to determine the state of media policy in the field of pluralism. The author presents the political circumstances of the creation of a forum of public debate. He points the guarantees established under the provisions of the Polish media law to present and explain the policy of the governing bodies of the state, as well as the opportunity to present "on-air" the positions and opinions of political parties related to so-called "nodal public affairs." Author examines the causes of the conflict of interest between the political parties and the public media, the mutual expectations in presenting political events. The article also discusses the political guarantees of access to the media during election campaigns, resulting from the provisions of the Code and the regulations of the National Broadcasting Council, as well as coverage of the campaign in public broadcasting news programs.


Author's Summary.— Among the methods of estimating attendance in a radio language course are official enrollment figures, amount of correspondence received, quantity of texts bought from publishers, and number of tests mailed in. Tests probably furnish the most accurate means of estimating attendance and the degree of success of the course. They also direct the attention of the student toward the skills the instructor wishes to emphasize. They afford to the listener a frequent opportunity of asking questions and of making suggestions. But students must be persuaded to want to send in tests. This may be accomplished partly by making the taking of tests a requirement for receiving free material used in the course.


The equations used in advanced reactor core calculations and a semigraphical method for their solution are presented. The following fuel elements are analyzed: continuous plates, parallel-flow rods, cross-flow rods, tubular flow channels in a solid matrix of fuel, and pellets. (M.H.R.)


A novel methodology is presented for the purpose of modeling complex systems through the utilization of artificial neural networks (ANNs) as linguistic value generators. Complexity is considered as a function of the distinct ways one may interact with a system and the number of separate modes required to describe these interactions. In the present approach ANN's are employed in the framework of the anticipatory paradigm. In an anticipatory system a decision is taken based not only on the current condition of the system; but also on an estimate of what the system may be doing in the near future. The prediction agency is a model of the system and/or its environment which is internal to the system. A library of ANNs is used to provide the predictive models required for computing fuzzy values. The fuzzy values describe the system behavior in a manner suitable for decision making purposes in a fuzzy environment. The methodology is demonstrated utilizing actual data obtained during a start-up period of an experimental nuclear reactor.<<ETX>>


1 Brief Synopsis Automath was invented by de Bruijn ((Nederpelt 73]) with the basic goal of automating Mathematics. The language and theory of Automath were designed to deal with very basic questions of which only now the computing community is becoming aware. Of these topics, we mention explicit substitution and deenitions ((1] and SP 93]). In the beginning, it was claimed that the notation of Automath is too diicult. Now, it became clear that the innuence of Automath on various theorem provers is invaluable. In Automath, (x:A :B) and (AB) are written as (AA x B) and (BA) respectively. We propose to change slightly the Automath notation so that the above two terms would be written in our notation (item notation), as (AA x)B and (B)A respectively. This slight change has been studied for explicit substitution in KN 93], generalised reduction and deenitions in BKN 9x] and was shown to bear attractive advantages over both the classical and the Automath notations. This paper will concentrate on a new feature related to reshuuing terms so that more redexes become visible. The idea is explained as follows: Assume a redex is a ``' next to a `]'. What will happen in a term of the form`` ] ] ]'? We know that the two internaì`]' are redexes, but classical notation does not allow us to say that the outsidè`' and`]' form a redex. In BKN 9x], we generalised the notion of a redex from a pair of adjacent matching parentheses to simply a pair of matching parentheses. Hence, with generalised reduction all the three redexes are visible in`` ] ] ]'. In this paper, we propose to reshuuè`] ] ]' tò`] ] ]' where the rst``' has been moved next to the last`]'. The item notation enables us to see the matching parentheses and to reshuue terms so that all matching paretheses become adjacent. We show that term reshuuing is correct in that it preserves the semantical meaning and the type of a term. Moreover, when deenitions are added, the Cube with term reshuuing, would satisfy all its original properties including Church Rosser, Subject Reduction and Strong Normalisation.


PURPOSE: An access control system for a file on a memory card is provided to control and security the file, change a configuration flexibly, and protect configuration information. CONSTITUTION: A communication device(100) can receive a smart card(106) to be accessible by a client module(102) via a smart card interface(104). The smart card has a file system including a plurality of data files and a control file. The control information from the control file is then read and based on the file control information, it is determined whether data read from a data file is authorized to include the data type of the data read therefrom. When it is determined that the data file is not authorized to include the data type, the data type is discarded. The technique allows for over-the-air provisioning, alteration of carriers, services and protocols, availability of applications, and various others operations pertaining to the configuration of communication devices in a secure and controlled manner.


The river reach between Dongbatou and Aishan stations of the Lower Yellow River is named the hump reach. Its flood conveying capacity is lower than other reaches in the upper and lower reaches of the river. The formation of the hump reach was resulted from the special historical background and geographical position. It locats at a sub-alluvial fan, which was formed after a serious dam break in 1855 and lies in the transitional area from the larger channel slope of the upper reach to the smaller slope of the lower reach. All of these provide a favorable condition for developing the hump reach. The further evolution of the sub-alluvial fan could be still expectable in the near future. Therefore, the hump reach must be rectified for the needs of flood prevention. The measure of mechanical dredge may be more suitable for this reach. The dredge should be combined with embankment strengthening and improvement of ecolo-environment of the floodplains.


The objective of this research was to describe: Curriculum Development and learningIndonesian, Curriculum Implementation in learning Indonesian and Curriculum Evaluation inlearning Indonesian in SDIT Muhammadiyah Al Kautsar Kartasura. This study is a qualitativeresearch. The research approach used in this study is a case study of data collection techniquesused in this study are in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. In developing thecurriculum SDIT Muhammadiyah Al Kautsar Kartasura have considered the principles orexisting curriculum development theory. These principles are general principles and specifi cprinciples. The general principles include fl exibility, continuity, effectiveness, and practical.Specifi c principles with regard to arranging goals, learning experiences, content and assessment.Learning Curriculum Implementation in Indonesian in SDIT Muhammadiyah Al Kautsar is thecharacter education learning using learning model that is interesting and fun, which can increasethe value of the character of students. Character development curriculum that is implementedinto the learning activities, extra-curricular activities of students, the fl agship program ofthe school, nursery Competition and activities of daily student. Curriculum evaluation todetermine the effectiveness of the curriculum implemented in SDIT Muhammadiyah Al Kautsarin an effort to improve and enhance the curriculum. Aspects of curriculum evaluation in SDITMuhammadiyah Al Kautsar is appropriate stages of curriculum development stage is thedetermination of objectives, planning, testing, fi eld testing, implementation and quality control.


A digital inventory management simulation model is described and its use in a supply project to design and plan the operations of a multi-level inventory distribution system is explained. An overview of the project objectives, the actual system, and the purposes and general design specifications of the simulator are discussed. Details of the simulated events are described as are the user inputs and the output reports. The simulation is written in SIMSCRIPT for general application to large-scale inventory system design involving many products and storage facility locations. Manufacturing capacity limitations may be specified by the user to evaluate the effect on service levels at all points of the distribution system.


Nickel substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles with composition Co1−xNixFe2O4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) was synthesized using simple, low temperature auto combustion method. The X-ray diffraction patterns reveal the formation of cubic phase spinel structure. The crystallite size varies from 30-44 nm with the nickel content. Porous and agglomerated morphology of the bulk sample was displayed in the scanning electron microscopy. Micro Raman spectroscopy reveals continuous shift of Eg and Eg(2) stokes line up to 0.8 Ni substitution. The dispersion behavior of the dielectric constant with frequency and the semicircle nature of the impedance spectra show the cobalt nickel ferrite to have high resistance. The ferromagnetic nature is observed in all the samples, however, the maximum saturation magnetization was achieved by the 0.4 Ni substituted cobalt ferrite, which is up to the 92.87 emu/gm at 30K.


At a meeting organized by ICRISAT in cooperation wi t h the Peanut Collaborative
Research Support Program (Peanut CRSP) and the Virology Department , Scottish
Crop Research Institute (SCRI), UK, scientists f rom 11 countries, representing the
three working groups—'Groundnut viruses in Asia-Pacific region', 'Groundnut viruses
in Af r ica' , and 'Transformation and regeneration of groundnut, and utilization of
viral genes to induce resistance to virus diseases'—reviewed the progress made by the
three working groups since their last meetings. Following general discussion, recommendations
were made for global cooperative research on groundnut viruses, and
specific recommendations for collaborative research were listed for each working
group.


The industrial crops with contribution to national income and industrial sector in terms of providing raw materials have a significant place in our crop production. Agricultural industry in our country has a large capacity, but due to lack of raw materials and financing a significant portion of the installed capacity can not be benefited. Especially in recent years, increasing of population and production decrease in some industrial plants due to the resulting vegetable oil deficit. Our country pays the highest foreign currency to imports of the oil and oil seed crops for closure of this gap after the oil imports. Therefore, the priority should be given to the oil plants within the groups of industrial plants. Iğdır has its own microclimate characteristics. The diversity of product design is greater due to the climate and irrigation conditions in the plain. Grains constitute the main products of the region. All kinds of vegetables, olives and citrus fruit except that all the fruits can be grown. Sugar beet and cotton plants of industrial crop and the alfalfa plants of the forage crops have great importance in the development of animal husbandry. However, in recent years, changes in the climate regime, increases in the cultivation of sugar beet, sunflower and rapeseed gave rise to a decrease in the number of the small farmers who planted cotton. Iğdır has high agricultural potential, so the alternative species of industrial crops and their varieties will be integrated to the present cultivation of plain by the scientific studies which will be held on industrial crops in the province.


In Social Aware Network (SAN) model, the elementary actions focus on investigating the attributes and behaviors of the customer. This analysis of customer attributes facilitate in the design of highly active and improved protocols. In specific, the recommender systems are highly vulnerable to the shilling attack. The recommender system provides the solution to solve the issues like information overload. Collaborative filtering based recommender systems are susceptible to shilling attack known as profile injection attacks. In the shilling attack, the malicious users bias the output of the system's recommendations by adding the fake profiles. The attacker exploits the customer reviews, customer ratings and fake data for the processing of recommendation level. It is essential to detect the shilling attack in the network for sustaining the reliability and fairness of the recommender systems. This article reviews the most prominent issues and challenges of shilling attack. This paper presents the literature survey which is contributed in focusing of shilling attack and also describes the merits and demerits with its evaluation metrics like attack detection accuracy, precision and recall along with different datasets used for identifying the shilling attack in SAN network.


A multilevel theory of emotion and change is presented in this article, focusing on attributes of emotional intelligence at the individual level and of emotional capability at the organizational level. Emotional intelligence facilitates individual adaptation and change. Emotional capability increases the likelihood for organizations to realize radical change. A meso-level framework relating emotion-attending behaviors to three dynamics of change–receptivity, mobilization, and learning–is presented. These behaviors are called emotional dynamics and constitute the organization's emotional capability. This paper dealt with how different groups may have different emotional responses, needs, or coping mechanisms that need to be diagnosed and attended to according to the demands of the specific situation. An emotionally capable organization understands the relationships between emotion and change. With the help of emotional capability organizations can manage the emotional intelligence of team members which leads to higher productivity, greater sense of achievement and participation of a team.


The ongoing Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection tends to affect all age-groups, while the development of the serious complications, including mortality has been reported among elderly people and those with pre-existing chronic illnesses. The available evidence suggests that any age group person living with any of the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) can get infected by COVID-19. Keeping the prognosis of the patients with pre-existing NCDs, it is important that the practice of smoking should be discouraged by them. In conclusion, the people living with non-communicable diseases tends to develop serious pulmonary complications secondary to the acquisition of COVID-19 infection. Thus, it is the responsibility of these people to strictly adhere to the prevention measures, while the health professionals should understand their vulnerability and provide additional care while managing them to save their lives.


In order to solve the problems of high control error, large maximum output torque and long control time in the traditional full speed range sensorless control method of high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor, a full speed range sensorless control method of high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor based on neural network is proposed in this paper. Analyze the range of stator current trajectory in rotor coordinate system, so as to build the discrete model of permanent magnet synchronous motor, and build the whole process control model of high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor by using neural network algorithm. Through the design of observer, overall control structure and speed regulation range of non inductance control, the goal of non inductance control in the full speed range of high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor is achieved. The experimental results show that the non inductive control error in the full speed range of the high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor is 0.2, the maximum output torque is 420 N⋅m, and reaches 2000 r/min at 0.6 s. The practical application effect is good.


In April 1968 the writer read a paper to the Fifth International Congress on Iranian Art and Archaeology [1]. He then suggested that inflatable 'air-domes' might be used to produce controlled conditions for archaeological sites. It might thus become possible to attain a great degree of control over factors affecting the state of conservation of the monument and artifacts being excavated. Such control should then improve the standard of the recovery and interpretation of information from the excavations. The fierce sun, dust and strong winds of the Middle East, and the rains and winds of British and other European sites at present have far too great an effect upon the recovery of information. If the site is being excavated beneath the air-dome, the conservator might have a far better chance of saving valuable evidence than when the site is exposed to the elements. The air-dome could also be most usefully employed during the excavation of what are normally regarded as 'difficult' sites, e.g. buried wooden boats of the Sutton Hoo type; buried wall paintings on 'clay plaster' such as were found at Chatal Hiiyiik in Turkey; or ivories and unbaked clay objects buried in wet soil, etc. An attempt could also be made to control or alter the microclimate under the dome.


The Community Liaison Speech and Language Therapy (CL SLT) service was established in July 2010. The aim of this new model of care was to provide a fast track home visit service to older persons with communication and swallowing difficulties living in one of the 27 nursing homes in the region. The service facilitates a safer discharge from hospital and admission avoidance with aspiration pneumonia due to rapid SLT follow up in the nursing home.

 This is a retrospective analysis of the CL SLT service over the last ten years. Activity data, key performance indicators (KPIs) and staff and service user feedback were reviewed both quantitatively and qualitatively. How the service operated during the COVID- 19 pandemic was also examined to explore if new creative ways of working emerged.

 Analysis of the data showed a total of 5,699 SLT visits over the ten year period. Review of the KPIs showed that priority 1 referrals were seen within the ten working day target which meant that in some incidences residences were not kept on overly modified diets unnecessarily and in other cases the Speech and Language Therapist could respond rapidly to support decision making around quality of life feeding. User feedback showed high satisfaction with the service. Virtual clinics provided an adjunct to the service during COVID-19 and of note, face to face service was only stopped for two 6 week periods in the first and third waves of the pandemic.

 The CL SLT model provides a quality, person centred service for older persons living in a nursing home. The care pathways from the acute hospital have allowed for admission avoidance with effective SLT management decisions, including around end of life feeding being made in the nursing home so that residences receive the right service in the right place and time.


Inferring dynamic past behaviours from the static archaeological record is always a challenge, but computational and quantitative techniques can be helpful. In particular, they can provide useful insight on patterns of movement and interaction, by better characterising existing archaeological evidence, suggesting simple models of mobile decision-making or proposing expected patterns against which the observed record can be compared. This paper reviews the range of modelling options now available for understanding the movement and interaction behind the archaeological and historical record. There are increasing opportunities not only to pick and choose between different modelling approaches, but also to integrate them in a more theoretically and practically satisfactory way.


In the world of business, proposal evaluation and vendor performance management processes involve business intelligence techniques to determine the best value at an instance in a dynamic environment engulfed with massive uncertainty. Business intelligence techniques are saving billions of dollars for business organizations. Cellular biological systems use signal transduction processes at the molecular level to render self sustaining autonomic systems. Smartest evaluation and management models work as control systems where feedback signals are used to correct and continuously improve the models in real time dynamic environment. Aerospace autonomic systems deal with scenarios as complex and dynamic as the proposal evaluation and vendor management processes as well as autonomic biological systems. Here, we show how business intelligence techniques and systems biology principles can be reoriented to address the challenge of dynamic verification and validation processes in autonomic systems with the help of system performance feedback and stochastic optimal control. Lessons learned from business intelligence systems and self sustaining autonomic biological systems provide insights to design and development of intelligent self sustaining optimal verification and validation processes for aerospace autonomic systems.


The current status of control and scientific researches on parasitic diseases and its effect,as well as the sig- nificance of information resource sharing were reviewed,and the development and utilization of information on research and control of parasitic diseases was expected.


Abstract Results2+ are presented showing the removal of Cd2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ from solution by immobilised biomass of the filamentous fungus Rhizopus arrhizus. A number of factors affecting metal uptake have also been studied using Cd2+ uptake as a model system. Uptake was decreased by acid pH, low temperature and the presence of competing cations and complexing agents but was unaffected by low levels of organic compounds and alkali metals. Regeneration and reuse of the biomass was possible using O.HC1 as eluent.


COVID-19, one of the out breaking diseases which started in the year 2019 was caused by the novel corona virus. It originated in China and has spread all over the world. Although a remedy for the disease has not yet been found, the symptoms caused were identified. With the help of this information, the main factor causing COVID-19 has been found using Fuzzy Cognitive Map.


The present invention relates to a lubricating composition having a total nitrogen content of suitable 0.1-0.25 wt% to lubricating an two-cycle engine, an oil of lubricating viscosity, synthetic esters, 24 to 12 pieces at least one condensation product of a fatty acid with a polyamine having a carbon atoms, and provides a lubricating composition comprising a Mannich dispersant. The present invention further contain a mixed with the liquid fuel composition a major amount of the lubricant composition fuels - to provide a lubricant composition. The lubricant is mixed with the liquid fuel composition, it can be supplied.


Arcing may be dynamic, explosive, intermittent, or self-extinguishing. In contrast, arcing may be self-sustaining and stable with a fairly constant current magnitude. Self-sustained arcs may release an enormous amount of energy over a fairly long period of time. Although arcing has been known to occur in 208Y/120 V and in single-phase 120 V systems sustained arcing is most commonly associated with 480Y/277 V systems. Short-circuit currents are limited by system impedance; since arcing-fault currents are further limited by arc voltage, the magnitude of the arcing-fault current is often insufficient to immediately trip overcurrent devices. Despite modern advances in system protection, people are critically injured or killed each year when they are in the vicinity of an arcing fault initiated by accidental physical contact or a glow-to-arc transition. The initial phases of an arcing-fault research project involved reviewing the arc physics and reexamining the early arc models, and developing improved arc models. This paper reviews short-circuit calculations and focuses on estimating the arcing-fault short-circuit ratios at several locations for a wide range of building systems. One suggested method of determining the RMS short-circuit ratios is based on a current-dependent arc model.


This paper presents a robust and transparent scheme of watermarking that exploits the human visual systems' sensitivity to frequency, along with local image characteristics obtained from the spatial domain. The underlying idea is generating a visual mask based on the visual systems' perception of image content. This mask is used to embed a decimal sequence while keeping its amplitude below the distortion sensitivity of the image pixel. We consider texture, luminance, corner and the edge information in the image to generate a mask that makes the addition of the watermark imperceptible to the human eye.


There is a trend for mobile satellite system architectures aimed at the deployment of multi-satellite constellations in Non-Geostationary Earth Orbits (NGEOs). This allows the user terminals to be small size, low cost and having low power demand. In present and next generation satellite systems, CDMA has been proposed as the multiple access technique for a number of mobile satellite communication systems. To enhance the coverage and quality of service, Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) constellations are usually selected. In this paper, we analyze the performance of the downlink of a LEO satellite channel. The provision of such a service requires that the user have sufficient link quality for the duration of service. To have sufficient link quality, the user must have an adequate power to overcome the path loss and other physical impairments to provide acceptable communication and improve the performance of the system. This paper addresses satellite diversity with the effect of both power control error and voice activity factor for downlink mobile satellite systems. Both Rician and Rayleigh channel statistics are modeled. Results of simulation show that satellite diversity has a significant effect on the system performance. Moreover, the quantitative results indicate that to combat system capacity reduction due to shadowing and the multiple access interference (MAI), perfect power control system, voice activity factor and suitable coding techniques must be employed in the system.


We theoretically investigated a polyethylene-based rectangular and guided mode resonance (GMR) structure with a circular pattern by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method in the terahertz region. As the refractive index of the grating decreased, the resonance frequency increased, and the Q-factor significantly increased because of the change in the effective refractive index. In addition, GMR was investigated with a sensing layer for sensing applications. The resonance frequency and Q-factor could be perfectly modulated by varying the complex refractive index and thickness of the sensing layer. These results indicate that GMR could be applied to highly sensitive label-free detection, using low-cost GMR sensing platforms based on dielectric materials.


The paper is concerned with the most interesting modern methods of the power transformers technical state indexes calculation. The present methods advantages and disadvantages as well as the possibility of the their application for the current transformers technical state index assessment are considered.


7Zip vs WinRAR vs WinZip, which software is better? We can argue all day long which will win the comparison between 7Zip vs Winrar vs Winzip. In the ...


This paper study empirically a model for speculative bubbles (Campbell, 2000). The idea is to investigate the existence of a stable (no-explosive) relationship among stock prices, dividends and returns in international markets over the period 1991-2006. First, we check for panel unit root in log dividend-price ratio and in the real returns using cross-sectional dependence tests in order to verify "no bubble" hypothesis. Second, we check for co-integrating relationship between the log dividend-price ratio and real returns using a new panel co-integration test (Westerlund, 2005). If a stable (equilibrium) relationship is rejected, the "no bubble" hypothesis is also rejected. K EYWORDS: Panel data, Cointegration, Speculative bubbles, International financial markets


A series of heterobimetallic complexes consisting of group IV metallocenyl diphosphines and Ru were synthesized and structurally characterized. Most of them work as catalysts toward propargylic substitution reaction of 1,1-diphenyl-2-propyn-1-ol (4) with EtOH. The stoichiometric reactions of the heterobimetallic complexes [MCl2(μ-η5:η1-C5H4PEt2)2RuClCp*] (M = Zr, Hf) with 4 and NaBArF4 afforded key reactive intermediate allenylidene complexes [MCl2(μ-η5:η1-C5H4PEt2)2RuCp*(═C═C═CPh2)]BArF4, whose molecular structures were confirmed by X-ray analyses. A plausible reaction pathway for the catalytic reaction is proposed where group IV metal chloride and Ru moieties work cooperatively.


Background: Dystrophic calcifications are uncommon in lymphomas. They may occur after chemotherapy or radiotherapy, whereas calcifications in untreated non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are rarely reported in the litera-ture. Case Report: We report the case of a 9-year-old boy who developed tumefaction of the right upper jaw. CT examination revealed a neoplastic lesion in the right upper jaw sinus with destruction of the maxilla and sub-cutaneous fat infiltration. Furthermore the tumor showed accentuated central calcifications. Histological examina-tion revealed endemic type of Burkitt's lymphoma of the paranasal sinus. Conclusion: Our experience showed that calcification can rarely occur also in untreated Burkitt's lymphoma.


The relationship between the mobility of thoraco-lumbar spine in dogs and morphological and biomechanical characteristics of the ligamentous apparatus of the area are shown.


, 650 (2010); 330  Science et al. Ramanathan Vaidhyanathan Amine-Functionalized Nanoporous Solid Binding Within an 2 Direct Observation and Quantification of CO This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. clicking here. colleagues, clients, or customers by , you can order high-quality copies for your If you wish to distribute this article to others here. following the guidelines can be obtained by Permission to republish or repurpose articles or portions of articles ):  March 26, 2014  www.sciencemag.org (this information is current as of The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag.org/content/330/6004/650.full.html version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag.org/content/suppl/2010/10/27/330.6004.650.DC1.html can be found at: Supporting Online Material http://www.sciencemag.org/content/330/6004/650.full.html#related found at: can be related to this article A list of selected additional articles on the Science Web sites http://www.sciencemag.org/content/330/6004/650.full.html#ref-list-1 , 2 of which can be accessed free: cites 34 articles This article http://www.sciencemag.org/content/330/6004/650.full.html#related-urls 1 articles hosted by HighWire Press; see: cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/collection/chemistry Chemistry subject collections: This article appears in the following


The amount of power generated from renewable energy sources (RES) is expected to grow substantially in the following years. RES like wind and solar power depend on weather conditions. Therefore they are intermittent in their generation, limiting the ability to make efficient use of them. In this context, demand side flexibility raises as an alternative to increase RES utilization. Appliances with flexible operation times could begin execution at hours where RES availability is forecasted to be larger. Then, mechanisms to schedule the operation time of these appliances in order to maximize the utilization of RES generation are needed. We present an architecture that enables residential households to reschedule their appliances operation in order to increase RES utilization. Residential households receive a control signal which influences their autonomous decision on which hours of the day to begin execution of the appliances complying with individual customer restrictions. The control signal influences the system and is able to guide the aggregated behaviour of sub-sections of the low voltage power grid (micro-grid) to achieve specific load objectives. Since no interaction nor direct communication occurs between households the autonomy of customers is respected and privacy concerns are reduced. Additionally, global load objectives are achieved in a self-organized manner. Results show that our approach can increase RES utilization. Limitations and future work are discussed.


Three-year data of small plot fi eld experiences for growing seed stocks and grafted seedlings of cornel (Cornus mas L.) using microbial preparations has been curried out. This technology can improve survival rate and growth of seed stocks, winter hardiness of buds and the output of cornel standard planting material to 30-50%.


The average number ( nu ) of neutrons emitted in the spontaneous fission of Pu/sup 240/ has been measured, by a method depending upon the device of counting only those neutrons which are detected immediately after the occurrence of a fission. In this way the effect of neutrons from sources other than spontaneous fission is entirely eliminated. The value found for nu is 2.84 plus or minus 0.26 neutrons per fission. (auth)


Objective To explore the clinical value of TCT and colposcopy in diagnosis of early cerviacllesion.Methods Retrospective analysis of 375 cases of suspected patients with cervical cancer detection of TCT and colposcopy results,and the results were compared with pathological examination.Results Colposcopy coincidence rate was of low grade lesions in CIN Ⅰ was 64.41%and high grade lesions was 67.44%;TCT for low-grade lesions and high grade lesions diagnostic accordance rate was 53.37%and 81.25%respectively.Colposcopy in the diagnosis of lowgrade lesions consistent rate was higher than TCT,diagnosis for high grade lesion,TCT had a rate than colposcopy(P0.05).Conclusion Colposcopy and TCT each has advantages and disadvantages,combination diagnose can improve the rate of cervical precancerous lesions.


Kalamazoo, Mich., June 11, 1906. To the Editor: —InThe Journal, May 26, there appears an item in Therapeutics on "The Ocular Complications In Measles." While in many respects there is a great deal of good advice in the article there are one or two things which it seems to me few oculists would advise. First, I am pretty sure that no one would think of using solution of cocain when intense photophobia is present. This symptom is most usually due to erosion of the cornea, and one of the great objections to cocain solution is just this propensity to bring about such conditions. It is better to use 5 per cent. dionin or 0.5 per cent, solution of atropin sulphate p. r. n. Second, when intense itching of the eyelids occurs, it has not been my fortune to see any good result from the Pagenstecher ointment. I should think


Abstract Let and let a k-set denote a set of cardinality k. A family of sets is union-closed (UC) if the union of any two sets in the family is also in the family. Frankl's conjecture states that for any nonempty UC family such that , there exists an element that is contained in at least half the sets of , where denotes the power set on . The 3-sets conjecture of Morris states that the smallest number of distinct 3-sets (whose union is an n-set) that ensure Frankl's conjecture is satisfied (in an element of the n-set) for any UC family that contains them is for all . For an UC family , Poonen's theorem characterizes the existence of weights on which ensure all UC families that contain satisfy Frankl's conjecture, however the determination of such weights for specific is nontrivial even for small n. We classify families of 3-sets on using a polyhedral interpretation of Poonen's theorem and exact rational integer programming. This yields a proof of the 3-sets conjecture.


In this paper, we argue that the traditional techniques for flooding and probabilistic flooding are not applicable to cognitive radio networks under the SINR regime. We identify the causes that i) degrade node outreach even with increasing deployment density under the SINR model and ii) lead to duplicate transmissions under the Boolean model. Further performance degradation occurs due to the additional constraints imposed by the primary users in such networks. To increase node outreach in interference-limited cognitive radio networks, we propose a modified version of probabilistic flooding that uses lower message overhead without compromising network connectivity. This is achieved by having just enough number of neighbors of a node to rebroadcast to others. The subset of neighbors that are selected to broadcast is decided on the number of neighbor a nodes has, their spatial orientation with respect to each other, and the interference they might cause. Identification of such subsets reduce duplicate retransmissions which in turn reduces interference. We use a localized clustering technique in conjunction with the concept of critical density from percolation theory such that each node decides its own rebroadcasting probability in a distributed manner. Through simulations, we compare the proposed technique with flooding and probabilistic flooding. Results validated that, the proposed technique reduces number of rebroadcasts and increases node outreach both under SINR and Boolean models.1


Part I Rationale for intergenerational programmes: developmental theories as the basis for intergenerational programmes the context of intergenerational programmes social issues addressed by intergenerational programmes programme profiles. Part II Background and descriptions of intergenerational programmes: history and evolution of intergenerational programmes types and models of intergenerational programmes programme profiles. Part III Research and evaluation of intergenerational programmes: evaluation intergenerational programmes research on intergenerational programmes. Part IV Public policy and the future for intergenerational programmes: intergenerational programmes - a context for growth and change intergenerational approaches to public policy - trends and challenges the future. Appendix.


: This Paper is concerned with the effects of Tsunami and Seismic Response of Multistoried structure. It aims to carry out a comprehensive investigation on tsunami & seismic effect of high-rise structures vertically irregular with lower level designed as Stilt. Two types of structures, with stilt and without stilt were considered, Comparison of the results of these models was also done. Modelling and analysis was done on STAAD.Pro V8 software and of the G+25 structures were considered. The main influencing parameters considered for this study were Lateral Displacement


Diamond has low x-ray absorption relative to refractive strength and outstanding thermal properties, making it well-suited for refractive optics for high-power (white beam) and monochromatic synchrotron x-rays. In addition, single-crystal diamond offers the advantage of preserving beam coherence, exploiting that property of high-brilliance and ultra-low emittance new sources such as the multi-bend-achromat upgrade of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The small curvature-radius, bi-concave, diamond compound refractive lenses (CRLs) presented here were fabricated by femtosecond-laser ablation followed by optional polishing. Focusing tests were conducted with high-energy x-rays (~50 keV) in a long focal length configuration at the APS 1-ID beamline. A convex CRL for beam expansion is also presented.


The relationship between the initial part of the oculomotor nerve and the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries is well understood, but there is still insufficient data about details of these relationships. The aim of this work was to examine the relationships of the initial segment of the oculomotor nerve with adjacent arteries in fetal and adult period. The examination was performed on 259 human brains (191 adults and 68 fetuses). Arteries in fetal brain were perfused with Micropaque and examined by photo film. Adult cases were examined during the forensic autopsy and then basis of the brain was photographed. The close relationship of the initial segment of the oculomotor nerve with basilar artery in 8.3%, with superior cerebellar artery in 17.3%, with posterior cerebral artery in 68.6% of cases was noted. The root of the nerve appeared above postcommunicating part of the posterior cerebral artery in 1.3% of cases and under the level of superior cerebellar artery in 1.6% of cases. The oculomotor nerve with two roots was noted in 2.6% of cases. Neurovascular relationship between oculomotor nerve and adjacent arteries, as morphological characteristic on the ventral side of the brain trunk, has pathoanatomical meaning by the nerve disfunction caused by compression


When planning new projects, customers often express the wish for a way to obtain a clearly structured overview of the current central production data. They can then check that production is running correctly and initiate corrective action directly and quickly if necessary. In general, however, works managers, divisional managers and managing directors of textile finishing works are hardly ever able to obtain information on the status and performance of their production plants in the production shop several times a day.


EDITOR, - J R Pattison's editorial prompts us to report recent difficulties that we encountered in differentiating between infectious mononucleosis and parvovirus B19 infection.1 Fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenitis, and abnormal mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood are the characteristic features of infectious mononucleosis. In most laboratories t e diagnosis is now made or reinforced by the finding of heterophil antibodies on latex agglutination testing. Such testing is based on the agglutination of latex particles coated with the highly purified Paul-Bunnell antigen derived from red cell membranes.2 False positive results have rarely been reported, and the test is regarded as highly specific. Confirmation is normally unnecessary,3 but the manufacturers of the kit that we use (Monolatex, Biokit, Kent) state that the results of the assay should be …


Background and Purpose: The study presents the results of an investigation of regeneration processes, growth, development and survival of young growth by field measurement and three-dimensional visualization of horizontal and vertical structure. The results are based on the ten-year investigation (1998-2009) on a permanent experimental plot in a mountain beech forest with dead nettle tree (Lamio orvale Fagetum sylvaticae Ht. 1938) in conditions of passive protection.


The paper contains an overview of the provisions contained in laws, orders, national standards and Eurocodes relating to a question of designing and erecting buildings exposed to mining exploitation effects. Presented references for determining geotechnical category of the object, determining the deformational infl uences, checking load capacity and comfort of using of buildings. Mentioned auxiliary materials for design and discusses the major issues associated with taking the initial conditions for calculations.


Among the different works that have been developed by entomologists concerning the decomposition of corpses, we have noticed that the gradual arrival of insects on a decomposing dead body doesn't obey the scheme of the eight squads. In Algeria, works on forensic entomology are in their first steps, especially for Coleoptera on which no work has been done yet. That's why we have chosen to deal with this subject, by choosing two dead animals, an adult dog and a puppy. The study was carried out in spring, in an open area localized near the Biosystematic and Ecology of Arthropods laboratory, Chaabat Erssas Constantine, Algeria. The two corpses were put in two separate cages to protect them from any possible except beetles or flies. Already a few hours after the two cadavers have been brought into their position they were visited by insects which started with eggdeposition. After the capture of the insects, the identification revealed that they belong to two major insect orders which are flies (Diptera) and beetles (Coleoptera). These insects partly constitute the necrophagous fauna. Our daily sampling has allowed us to collect a total of 724 specimens on the corpse of the adult dog, 58% of which belong to the order Diptera and 42% belong to the order of beetles. On the cadaver of the puppy, we identified 165 specimens of which 26% belong to the order Diptera and 74% belong to the order of Coleoptera. The results show a fine, dissimilar diversity of necrophagous beetle insects on the corpses of the adult dog compared to the puppy belonging to different families, genus and species.


Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a very common inheritable disease with a frequency of approximately 1 per 1000. While the severity of the disease is variable, 8-10% of the cases clinically proress to end-stage renal disease. The predominant cause of ADPKD, the PKD1 gene, is responsible for about 90% of the cases. The PKD1 gene is located on chromosome 16p13.3 and delimited to an {approximately}750 kb interval defined by the distal marker, D16S84, and the proximal marker, 26.6DIS. This chromosomal segment is known to be contained within a GC-rich isochore, abundant in both CpG-islands and genes. Using filters containing a gridded total human P1 library ({approximately}3 genome equivalents), we have cloned the entire interval as a minimal tiling series of 17 clones. Metaphase FISH has confirmed that each of the clones is solely derived from chromosome 16p13.3 while interphase FISH demonstrated the spatial overlap expected for adjoining P1s. The interval was previously cloned in cosmids with two small gaps (<20 kb) for which we now have cloned DNA. It is not known at this time if the low-copy P1 origin has conferred stability in these previously uncloned segments. We have surveyed the entire PKD1 interval for expressed sequencesmore » using 2 mechanistically distinct approaches, direct cDNA selection and exon trapping. The former method utilizes cloned genomic DNA to enrich for cognate cDNAs from complex cDNA mixtures. The latter approach peruses cloned genomic DNA for the presence of biologically functional splice acceptor/splice donor elements. We compare and contrast these transcriptional mapping approaches and present an expressed sequence map of the PKD1 interval.« less


The purpose of the work is to study the role and significance of the research for pro- (TNF-α, IL-23, MCP-1) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-β) blood cytokines in blood and urine in children with uropathy of the upper urinary tracts (UUUT). Material and methods . 52 children with UUUT (1 group) and also 43 children free of UUUT with the infected urinary system (2 group) were examined. The immuno-enzymic method ELISA and the corresponding test-systems were used to study the levels of cytokines in blood and urine. Results. The analysis showed a significant increase in the levels of all the studied pro- (TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-23) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-β 1) cytokines in the blood of the patients in groups 1 and 2. The levels of TNF-α and TGF-β in urine are considered as diagnostic markers of inflammation and fibrosis, including the state after reconstructive surgery, and that of MCP-1 in blood - as acute aggravation of chronic pyelonephritis. Conclusion. The TNF-α and TGF-β levels in blood of the children with congenital uropathy can be additional diagnostic and prognostic markers and also in the dynamics of the treatment with nephroprotection.


The microbial biomass content is the most informative indicator for early detection of soil condition. Soil microorganisms support the homeostasis of forest ecosystems due to theunique ability of rapid adaptation to changing environmental conditions. The article presents the results of soil microbiological assessment carried out within the framework of comprehensive monitoring studies of the forest ecosystems of the Kamennaya Steppe. The following objects of the agroforestry permanent study area served as options: a mowing fallow of 1882; forest belt no. 40 of 1903 laying out, located on the watershed area; forest belt no. 133 of 1950 planting; and forest belt no. 131 of 1959 planting. Additionally, arable lands adjacent to forest belts no. 40 and 133 (watershed, slope) were included in the research scheme. The research purpose was to determine the biological activity of soils of the Kamennaya Steppe, as wellas the direction and intensity of soil and biological processes in agroforestry arrangement of the territory. The total number and structure of ecological and trophic groups of the microbial community were determined by the method of E.Z. Tepper by seeding on solid nutrient media. It is shown that the soil cover under the tree plantation is defined by a higher contentof ammonifiers and actinomycetes. Intensive agricultural land use significantly reduces the intensity of microbiological processes. The undertaken studies allow stating that the optimumconditions for the development of micromycetes are formed in soils under woody and native steppe vegetation. The involvement of chernozems in active agricultural production leads toa decrease in the number of fungal flora. A high concentration of nitrifiers was revealed in arable lands. The lands with woody vegetation and steppe cenoses had lower indices and weresomewhat inferior to agrogenic soils. Annual soil cultivation is crucial and drives up the activity of bacterial colonies (genus Azotobacter) on arable lands. The activity is much lowerunder the tree crops and steppe vegetation in most cases. Mineralization coefficients are calculated for the studied soils. Due to the fact that these coefficients in all the studied objects   are above one (except the field under winter wheat and bordering the forest belt no. 133), it follows that the mineralization processes of soil organic matter prevail over the decomposition of organic residues.For citation: Sautkina M.Yu., Cheverdin Yu.I. Microbiological Analysis of the Soil Cover of the Kamennaya Steppe Agroforestry Landscapes. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal],2019, no. 6, pp. 62–78. DOI: 10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.6.62Funding: The research was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the All-Russian Research Institute of Forest Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology.


The broad frequency band measurement method of acoustic performance for underwater material is established base on the principle of pulse method and transfer function method.The measurement of sound absorption for rubber material at same state shows that the measure result is consistent in the overlap frequency band(4 kHz~5.5 kHz)for the two measurement method under normal and pressurized condition,the measurement difference is less than 5%.The result shows that the different method have the same precision to measure absorption coefficient of material.So the broad frequency band measurement method of acoustic performance for underwater material may be achieved by transfer function and pulse method.


The invention discloses a method and a system for testing a mobile multimedia broadcasting function of a mobile terminal device. The method comprises the following steps that: the mobile terminal device to be tested is connected to a test computer through a communication interface; when detecting that the mobile terminal device to be tested is connected to the test computer, the test computer interacts with the mobile terminal device to be tested through the communication interface so as to download testing software to the mobile terminal device to be tested; the mobile terminal device to be tested runs the testing software to test the mobile multimedia broadcasting function of the mobile terminal device so as to obtain test data; the mobile terminal device to be tested reports the test data to the test computer; and the test computer performs operation processing and displaying on the test data after receiving the reported test data. The method and the system reduce the complexity for mobile terminal software development, significantly save the testing time and improve the testing efficiency.


There has been considerable recent work developing a new stochastic network utility maximization framework using Backpressure algorithms, also known as MaxWeight. A key open problem has been the development of utility-optimal algorithms that are also delay efficient. In this paper, we show that the Backpressure algorithm, when combined with the LIFO queueing discipline (called LIFO-Backpressure), is able to achieve a utility that is within O(1/V) of the optimal value for any scalar V ≥ 1, while maintaining an average delay of O([log(V)]2) for all but a tiny fraction of the network traffic. This result holds for general stochastic network optimization problems and general Markovian dynamics. Remarkably, the performance of LIFO-Backpressure can be achieved by simply changing the queueing discipline; it requires no other modifications of the original Backpressure algorithm. We validate the results through empirical measurements from a sensor network testbed, which show good match between theory and practice.


We investigate the effectiveness of simultaneous multiple supply and threshold voltage assignment in minimizing the total power (static + dynamic) for the first time. Achievable power reductions under varying conditions are investigated, including static-power limited designs and sub-1V processes. Rules of thumb are developed for optimal Vdd and Vth values to be used in future designs. These models show the optimal second Vdd to be approximately half the nominal Vdd while the total power savings are significantly greater than previously anticipated. We describe the impact of level conversion delays and highlight the tradeoff between power savings and critical path count.


Since its foundation, in 1998, the University of Milano-Bicocca has been pursuing the objective to make its structures sustainable from an environmental, social and economic point of view. To this end, in 2015 the University of Milano-Bicocca created BASE (Bicocca Ambiente Societa Economia - Bicocca Environment Society Economy), an internal office aimed at promoting the interaction between research and training and at stimulating sustainability both within the University and outside. BASE proposes a holistic approach to sustainability including energy efficiency, waste reduction, sustainable mobility, climate change attention and water and food supply. The report will focus on the interventions recently carried out in the various fields, paying particular attention to the issues of waste management and of mobility.


We fabricated diamond p–i–n diodes with homoepitaxially grown films on a heteroepitaxial diamond (001) substrate produced with diamond films grown on iridium (Ir). We applied our state‐of‐the‐art techniques on single crystal diamond‐based electronic devices. The current–voltage characteristics of the p–i–n diodes showed good rectification properties. Under forward current operation, the diode showed both free exciton and defect‐related luminescence. When the forward current increased, integrated intensity of defect‐related luminescence increased sub‐linearly, while that of free exciton luminescence increased super‐linearly. This remarkable trend is the same as that observed in a p–i–n diode fabricated with homoepitaxially grown films on the conventional high‐pressure and high‐temperature synthesized diamond single‐crystal substrates. The results obtained in this paper indicate a sufficient potential of the heteroepitaxial diamond substrates grown on Ir for future diamond‐based electronic devices.


Objective To analyze the current situations of rural doctors in Baoding, such as basic information, current work status, demand, and any existing problems to supply the scientific basis for improving the team building of rural doctors in Baoding. Methods With overall sampling, 231 rural doctors were interviewed in 9 different counties in Baoding by questionnaires, face-to face interviewing to gain the data of basic information and current working and training situation of rural doctors. Results Among population, Male, 163, accounting for 70.6 percent. The average age of rural doctors in Baoding was(48.2 ± 10.9) years old, and the number of 45-54 age group was up to 41.8 percent. Concerning education constitute, the number of medical secondary education background was 66.5 percent. With respect to the constitution of job qualification title, qualified village doctors accounted for 78.4 percent. Basic medical care accounted for 68.2 percent, public health service for 32.8 percent in the course of practising medicine. conclusion There are various ways to strengthen the construction of rural doctor team, it is suggested to increase public health care investment, push forward the standardization construction of village clinics, serving demand-oriented to carry out on-the-job training in order to improve clinical skills and prevention and healthcare work.


The objective of this article is to illustrate the various fast charging techniques that are being used to charge the lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. Various charging protocols such as constant current, constant voltage, constant current constant voltage, multistage constant current, varying current method, pulse charging methods are critically reviewed and explained in their broader perspective of fundamental concepts to their modeling/simulation. Amongst, the constant current constant voltage charging approach is considered as a benchmark for other charging protocols in terms of the charging time, the charging efficiency, and battery life. A critical comparison among the various charging methods mentioned above are discussed and possible future research directions in the design and development of new fast charging techniques have been proposed based on the commercial and societal demands.


Transmission along an overhead wire or cable conductor is considered. It is shown that the rigorous solution of the problem can be put in the context of classical transmission line theory that has been used by power engineers for many years. However, the effective line parameters are spatially dispersive in the sense that they depend on the actual propagation constant of the mode in question. >


Investigations into production potential of maize (Zea maize L. cv. Pioneer 30-Y- 87) as affected by intercropping, planting geometry, population dynamicsand fertilizer management was carried out at the Agronomic ResearchFarm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, in two field experiments during Kharif 2006 and 2007. Both experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with split arrangements. First experiment consisted of three nitrogen levels (150, 200 and 250 kg ha-1), two zinc levels (0 and 15 kg ha-1) and
three population densities (57100, 71400, and 99900 plants ha-1).
Fertilizers were kept in main plots and plant densities in sub-plots. Second experiment comprised of three intercropping systems i.e. maize alone, maize + mungbean (Vigna radiate L.) and maize + mashbean (Vigna mungo L.) and three planting geometries (70 cm apart single row planting, 105/35 cm apart paired row planting, and 140/35 cm apart three row planting, respectively), keeping planting geometries in main plots while intercropping systems insub-plots. Sowing was done with the help of a dibbler to ensure desired plant population.The results of the experiments are briefly described as under. In the first experiment, growth and development of maize crop was maximum with increase in nitrogen from 150 to 250 kg ha + 15 kg Zn ha-1 and consequently, yield (24 %) and yield components increased. LAI, LAD, and CGR increased with increasing plant populations. Although, yield components decreased with elevated plant densities yet grain yield increased due to more number of plants per unit area. In the second experiment, maize crop sown in double row strips proved superior to other planting geometries in terms of yield and yield components Although intercropping of legumes in maize reduced growth and development, yield components and finally the grain yielof maize, however additional benefits obtained from intercrops compensated more than the losses in maize production. The effect of planting geometries and intercropping systems was non-significant ongrain quality of maize


The population problem in Indonesia is the rate of population growth and the imbalance in its distribution.  The transmigration program aims to balance the distribution of the population by regulating and directing people who have a high density to move to areas that are still sparsely populated, with the hope that development and population distribution can be evenly distributed. Hegar Manah Village.  Hegar Manah Village is a village located in Bintang Ara District, Tabalong Regency, which was one of the transmigrant placement villages in 1993. In 1993 transmigrants came to Hegar Manah Village as many as 300 families (KK), consisting of 150 families from the other side (Java Island) and 150 local transmigrant families (Kalimantan), in 2020 there are only 30 transmigrant families left. This study aims to analyze the factors that cause transmigrants to persist in living in Hegar Manah Village, Bintang Ara District, Tabalong Regency, by examining 4 factors that are considered influential on the reasons for transmigrants to survive, namely by examining the transmigrant economic sector, public infrastructure facilities, land/land ownership and social cultural or adaptation of transmigrants to the local physical and social environment.  This study uses a quantitative method with a descriptive approach.  Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires/questionnaires to 27 families of indigenous transmigrant communities who still survived.  Data analysis used descriptive statistics by calculating the percentage of each answer from respondents, and factor analysis by calculating the results of respondents' answers. The results showed that the transmigrant community persisted in living in Hegar Manah Village, Bintang Ara District because 1) they had sufficient land for the reason to survive.  2) good social culture or tolerance for very high differences, so as to create social and cultural harmony without discriminating against ethnicity, race, or religion.  3) economic or welfare factors are not the reason for transmigrants to stay.  4) the factor of infrastructure is not the reason for transmigrants to stay.Keywords: Transmigrant, survival factors


The methods of the standard classes for web oriented information system is proposed. The method is relied on functional descriptors classifications. The method of functional structure synthesis was also proposed. The problems of practical realization are viewed.


Glide of dislocations is an important mechanism underlying plasticity of crystalline materials. The behaviour of individual dislocations in a perfect crystal is quite well understood. Plasticity at a larger scale, however, is the result of a massive number of dislocations. Our work is aimed at understanding how the collective response of large numbers of individual dislocations, embedded in a crystalline microstructure at an intermediate scale, ultimately determines the macroscopic response of the material. We therefore eliminate the smallest scale, i.e. that of individual dislocations, by a homogenisation approach and formulate continuum transport equations for the total dislocation density as well as the excess density at the scale of the microstructure. Short-range interactions between the dislocations are accounted for by gradients of these densities along the slip system. This results in nonstandard, nonlocal governing equations. The equations are solved numerically by the finite element method. Results are discussed for a uniform medium with constrained boundaries, as well as for a heterogeneous, two-phase material. These results demonstrate how the nonlocal transport character influences the material's plastic response.


The subject of the article is the problem of the crisis of ideals generated by the European Enlightenment and the Modern era, as interpreted by Russian thinkers of the first third of the 20th century. Building on the conception of Semyon Frank, the author analyzes the relationship between the socio-political ideals of the Enlightenment in the Russian version and false "idols" that led Russia and Europe to an unprecedented escalation of evil in the early 20th century, is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the assumption that the ideals of democracy as a true power of the people, as a result of uncritical implementation, lead to revolutionary violence and further reproduction of tyranny. Two versions of democracy are considered: according to Frank, one of them is genuine, based on the idea of disinterested service to the truth, and the second is "false", oriented towards a totalitarian utopia, fundamentally hostile to freedom. The author also analyzes Frank's views on the phenomenon of the "idol of culture", which is based on the idea of linear progress. According to Frank, linear progress cannot prevent Russia and Europe from falling into barbarism. Moreover, it even significantly contributed to that breakdown. It is concluded that Frank as a Christian philosopher and political thinker became one of the relatively few (along with, for example, Fyodor Stepun and Vladimir Weidle), but all the more significant conductors of the Russian cultural tradition in Europe and the European cultural tradition in Russia: that is, a genuine personification of the phenomenon of a "Russian European".


"Can I use a teaspoon to measure my cough syrup?"
"Is it ok to crush my pills?"
"Are generic and brand name drugs really the same?"

Institute of Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) fellow and emergency room nurse, Michelle Bell, and medication safety officer for Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Sharon Camperchioli, answer patient questions about medication.


S: Khorshidi I, Rahmani R, Chernis G, Brandt LJ. The Impact of BMI and Ethnicity on the Course of Colonic Diverticulitis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2007;102,S249-S271. Rahmani R, Hass D, Ho S. EUS-Guided Diagnosis Of New-Onset Sarcoidosis in a Patient with Cervical Cancer. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2007;102, S271-S426. Rahmani R, Southern W, Khorshidi I, Thanjan A, Ibrahim CB, Brandt LJ. Post-surgical Clostridium difficile Infection. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2007;102, S249-S271 Rahmani R , Southern W, Khorshidi I, Ibrahim CB, Thanjan AJ, Brandt LJ. Race and Ethnicity as Risk Factors for Post-surgical C. difficile Infection and its Mortality. Gastroenterology 2008;134(4), A-671. Grinspan A, Bernheim O, Yousefzadeh E, Rahmani R, Southern W, Brandt LJ. Clostridium difficile as a Causative Agent of Post-Infection Irritable Bowel Syndrome (PI-IBS). Gastroenterology 2008;134(4), A-91. Badalov N, Wall I, Braha J, Vaizman K, Rahmani R, Mirchandani J, Li J, Iswara K, Tenner SM. Potential Savings for Federal Funding of a Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in Uninsured Patients: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. Gastroenterology 2009;136(5), A-331. Fidahussein SS, Badalov N, Wall I, Braha J, Rahmani R, Iswara K, Li J, Tenner SM. ColoColonic Intussusception Secondary to a Giant Intraluminal Lipoma. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2009;104, S318-S351. Wall I, Badalov N, Rahmani R, Braha J, Patel D, Baradarian R, Iswara K, Li J, Tenner SM. Why Is Obesity an Independent Risk Factor for Severity in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis? The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2009;104, S60-S96. Anklesaria A, Chu PC, Badalov N, Wall I, Rahmani R, Fidahussein SS, Iswara K, Li J, Tenner SM. Spontaneous Jejunal Submucosal Hematoma Presenting as a Small Bowel Obstruction. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2009;104, S257-S287. Rahmani R, Wall I, Badalov N, Anklesaria A,Yang N, Li J, Tenner SM, Steinheber F. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm as a Cause of Acute Cholangitis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2009;104, S230-S257. Chu PC, Anklesaria A, Rahmani R, Wall I, Badalov n, Iswara K, Li J, Tenner SM. Endoscopic Intra-Peritoneal Abscess Drainage. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2009;104, S213S230. Fidahussein SS, Badalov N, Chandra P, Clark B, Anklesaria A, Chu PC, Braha J, Wall I, Rahmani R, Vaizman K, Iswara K, Li J, Tenner SM.Giant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) with Massive Gastrointestinal Bleed. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2009;104, S213-S230. Fidahussein S, Badalov N, Wall I, Braha J, Rahmani R, Vaizman K. Iswara K, Li J, Tenner SM. A Wolf Masquerading as a Sheep: A Case of Ganglioneuroma. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2009;104, S368-S395. Rahmani R, Cheung D, Wall I, Badalov N, Khorshidi I, Li J, Tenner SM, Abdullah M. Intestinal Tuberculoma Masquerading as a Lipoma. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2009;104, S368-S395. Rahmani R, Braha J, Chu PC, Yang N, Fidahussein SS, Wall I, Khorshidi I, Ivanina E, Nakkala K, Iswara K, Li J, Tenner SM, Mayer IE. Increased Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors among Caucasians Associated with Increased Risk of Nosocomial Clostridium difficile Colitis. Gastroenterology 2010;138(5), S-210. Haran M, Nakkala K, Chu PC, Rahmani R, Lodha A, Iswara K, JianJun Li, Tenner SM. Candida Parasilopsis fungemia is Associated with Underlying Colorectal Carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2010;138(5), S-445. Rahmani R, Nobel V, Mishra N, Ratnarajah G, Wall I, Ivanina E, Iswara K, Li J, Tenner SM, Bernstein MD. Decreased Sustained Virologic Response in Patients With Elevated Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) During The Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 2010;138(5), S-218. Farooq S, Baradarian R, Badalov N, Spatz R, Ramdhaney S, Rahmani R, Khorsidi I, Tenner S. Does Intravenous Lidocaine Decrease Pain in Patients Undergoing Propofol Sedation for Endoscopic Procedures? The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2010;105, S524 Rahmani R, Ivanina E, Nakkala K, Braha J, Iswara K, Li J, Tenner S, Erber J. Treatment of a Perforated Crohn's Ileocolitis during Pregnancy with Open Abdominal Management. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2010;105, S354. Anklesaria A, Chu CP, Rahmani R, Nakkala K, Iswara K, Li J, Tenner S. Ischemic Colitis as Initial Presentation of Factor V Leiden Deficiency. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2010;105, S332-S333 Khorshidi I, Guttmann S, Rahmani R, Braha J, Tsirlin Y, Iswara K, Li J, Tenner S. Spontaneous Enterocutaneous Fistula: A Rare Presentation for Recurrent Transverse Colonic Carcinoma. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2010;105, S329-S330. Rahmani R, Guttman S, Tenner S, Schiano T. Epiploic Appendagitis after Liver Transplantation: Diagnosis and Management. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2010;105, S285. Kantrowitz M, Wall I, Braha J, Rahmani R, Tin J, Iswara K, Li J, Tenner S. Clonorchiasis Causing Biliary Obstruction 15 Years after Immigration to the United States. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2010;105, S210. Yang N, Wall I, Rahmani R, Iswara K, Li J, Tenner S. Manipulation of Gastrostomy Tube Causing Fatal Necrotizing Fasciitis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2010;105, S181 Guttmann S, Braha J, Rahmani R, Khroshidi I, Li J, Iswara K, Tenner S, Badalov N. Conservative Management of Cytomegalovirus Erosive Gastritis in an Immunocompetent Host. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2010;105, S180-S181. Nakkala K, Ivanina E, Rahmani R, Iswara K, Li J, Tenner S. Secondary Esophageal Pseudoachalasia Associated with Von Recklinghausen's Neurofibromatosis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2010;105, S160. Rahmani R, Anklesaria A, Chu CP, Wall I, Nakkala K, Cheung D, Iswara K, Li J, Mayer I, Tenner S. Asprin Prevents the Development of C. difficile Associated Diarrhea in Hospitalized Patients. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2010;105, S147. Agrawal M, Rahmani R, Levine C, Anklesaria A, Venugopal S, Nakkala K, Mayer I, Tsirlin Y, Li J, Iswara K. The Effect of BMI on Common GI Procedures: Preliminary Data of a Large Prospective Observational Study. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2011;106, S518S519. Anklesaria A, Venugopal S, Levine C, Pagola M, Agrawal M, Li J, Iswara K, Rahmani R. A Prospective Study Evaluating the Effects of BMI on Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2011;106, S104. Shamah S, Rahmani R, Vaizman K, Li J, Wetzler G. A Rare Case of Sigmoid Volvulus Secondary to Midgut Malrotation in the Setting of a Carcinoid Tumor in an Eight Year Old Girl. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2011;106, S399. Anklesaria A, Rahmani R, Venugopal S, Kadkhodayan K, Iswara K, Li J, Badalov N. Endoscopic Management of an Unusual Complication of Percutaneous Radiologic Gastrostomy Placement. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2011;106, S379. Intraoperative Enterostomy and Endoscopic Hemostasis in a Patient with Portal Varicieal Kadkhodaya K, Rahmani R, Vaizman K, Anklesaria A, Khorshidi I, Albert J, Li J. Bleeding after a Whipple Procedure for a Pseudo Papillary Tumor of the Pancreas. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2011;106, S378. Ivanina E, Rahmani R, Nakkala S, Iswara K, Li J, Tsirlin Y. Novel Retrieval Method for Impacted Biliary Wallstent Delivery System: A Case Report and Review. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2011;106, S375-S376. Lam P, Aaron R, Rahmani R, Braha J, Li J, Tsirlin Y. Management of Crohn's Disease with Intractable Rectal Bleeding Complicated by Pulmonary Embolism Due to Factor V Leiden Mutation. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2011;106, S353. Shamah S, Rahmani R, Tsirlin Y, Li J. A Rare Case of Paraganglioma Presenting as Severe Rectal Bleeding. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2011;106, S313. Gozenput P, Anklesaria A, Cheung D, Rahmani R, Iswara K, Li J. An Unusual Case of Echinococcus in an American Born Female Who Never Traveled Outside the United States: A Case Report and Review. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2011;106, S283. Venugopal S, Thein Z, Nakkala K, Anlesaria A, Rahmani R, Li J, Abdullah M. Gangrene Associated with Cryoglobulinemia (CR) in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection with a Fatal Outcome. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2011;106, S283. Ivanina E, Rahmani R, Li J, Iswara K. The Eternal Enteral Stent. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2011;106, S241-S242. Guttmann S, Nakkala K, Sharma S, Rahmani R, Huang Y, Li J, Iswara K. A Case of Six Different Primary Malignancies in One Patient. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2011;106, S213-S214. Shamah S, Rahmani R, Nakkala K, Tsirlin Y, Iswara K, Li J. A Rare Case of Cholangitis Secondary to Severe Clonorchiasis 20 Years after Migration. The American Journal of Gastroeneterology 2011;106, S211. Cheung D, Anklesaria A, Gozenput P, Rahmani R, Iswara K, Li J, Badalov N. An Unusual Case of a Bleeding Gastric Ulcer Due to Multiple Phytobezoars Consisting of Peach Pits: A Case Report and Review. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2011;106, S194. Guttmann S, Aaron R, Rahmani R, Kim S, Tessler S, Iswara K, Li J. A Rare and Fatal Case of Nasogastric Tube Intubation Causing Gastric Perforation. The American Journal of Gasroenterology 2011;106, S190. Agrawal M, Rahmani R, Vaizman K, Iswara K, Li J. An Extremely Rare Form of Gastric Cancer: A Case Report and Review. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2011;106, S190. Shamah S, Nakkala S, Braha J, Badalov N, Li J, Tenner S, Rahmani R. Probiotic Prophylaxis Significantly Reduces the Incidence of Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea: A Meta Analysis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2011;106, S145. Venugopal S, Anklesaria A, Rahmani R, Nakkala K, Pagala M, Steinheber F, Li J, Bernstein M. The Use of Standard Therapy with Peginterferon and Ribavirin for the Management of Mixed Cryoglobulinemia in Patients with Treatment Resistant HCV. The American Journal of Gastroente


given in Chapter VI and a general survey and conclusions are found in the final chapter, "Prospects for Customs Unions." The specialist who is particularly interested in the most-favored-nation clause in relation to customs unions might have wished for some reference to United States treaty policy from our adoption of the unconditional clause in 1922 to the drafting of the Havana Charter. Although mention is made of the British position that in the absence of an express exception, most-favored-nation obligations are a barrier to customs union (p. 12), no mention is made of the same position taken by the Legal Adviser of the Department of State in 1931 in connection with the Austro-German Anschluss of 1931 (Hackworth's Digest, Vol. V, p. 295). In this connection, it is interesting to note that although the customs union exception to most-favored-nation obligations has become standard in commercial treaties and agreements of the United States since 1935, prior to that year express mention of the exception was found only in three treaties (Esthonia, 1925; Latvia, 1928; and Poland, 1931), and one executive agreement (Rumania, 1930).


Derivatives of acyl-piperazinyl-pyrimidines, their preparation and their use as medicaments. Acyl derivatives piperazinyl-pyrimidines (I) wherein X is 0 or S; {R sub 1 is alkoxy or trifluoromethyl; {R sub 2 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl, have activity on the central nervous system. The compounds (I) wherein X is 0 can be prepared by reacting a pyrimidine derivative with a piperazine derivative or reacting a piperazinyl-pyrimidine with a carboxylic acid or a salt or derivative thereof. The compounds (I) wherein X is S can be obtained by reacting (I) wherein X is 0 with Lawesson's reagent or phosphorus pentasulfide. The compounds (I) have sedative, anticonvulsant, hypnotic and general anesthetic activity and have application in human and / or veterinary.


By using 40-yearly NCEP reanalysis daily grid data (1958~1997), we have analyzed the 40-yearly mean climatic characteristics of maintaining period of the South China Sea(SCS)(105~120oE, 5~20oN) summer monsoon pentad by pentad. The maintaining period of SCS summer monsoon consists of the active periods and inactive periods. We define the active periods of South China Sea summer monsoon as the time when the pentad in which the area of warm and wet southwesterlies over the SCS in 850hPa are over 40% continuously; if the area is less than 40%, it is defined as inactive periods. The warm and wet southwesterlies should meet the two conditions: (1) At 850hPa, θse should be greater than 335K. (2) At 850hPa, the southwesterlies should be greater than 2m/s. According to the 40-yearly mean, the mean maintaining time of the SCS summer monsoon was about 25 penteds, which was four months approximately, the active period of SCS summer monsoon appear 4.3 times every year, each time the mean maintaining time was about 3.9 pentad, the inactive periods appear 3.3 times a year, each time the mean maintaining time was about 2.4 pentad. The active period was about 17 pentads totally and the inactive was about 8 pentads every year. Whether it was the active periods or the inactive periods in SCS, it is the low trough area with convergence in SCS at 850hPa and high pressure area with divergence at 200hPa. In other words, comparing the active period with the inactive period, the main climatic characteristics is that the monsoon weakens and displays as westerlies at 850hPa and easterlies at 200hPa in the circulation deviation field over the South China Sea(active time reduces inactive time). Regardless of 850hPa or 200hPa, it was warmer inactive periods than in inactive periods, obviously rainfall was less and the convection activity was weakened greatly in the inactive periods. Both the SCS summer monsoon and the summer monsoon precipitation has 30~60 day-long low frequency vibrations obviously. In most situations, the low frequency vibration of summer monsoon and the summer monsoon precipitation are comparatively consistent.


This essay aims to analyze the State of health of the departments of Nicaragua organized by SILAIS, through the estimation of a set of basic health indicators-synthetic indexes. The study is descriptive and transversal. The data were selected virtual room of the PAHO Nicaragua, ENACAL and it survey it continuous households, year 2012. 13 indicators, 11 of health and two socio-economic level is selected. Among the main results is that the Department to prioritize health care is the RAAS, secondly, Nueva Segovia, Rio San Juan and Bilwi. Among the departments that have achieved improvement are, Rivas, Leon, Esteli and Managua.REICE Vol.3(6) 2015: 148-157


Butt The parts of beams that bear on their supports are their butts. Some butts are concealed, others exposed. Construction Stage Major works of architecture at Tikal display a standard set of the following features: basal platform, pyramid, lower substructure platform, supplementary platform, building platform, building, and roofcomb. Building and building platform appear most frequently, and others appear on various structures in various combinations. They are numbered from topmost to basal, but described in reverse order, that is, basal to topmost. Although the terms imply distinct stages of construction, this is not always the case. For example, some building platforms are not stages of construction at all, and many buildings present walls, vaults, and upper zones as distinct constructional modules that perhaps might best be designated as substages, though this has not been formalized.


This paper discusses the characteristics of MU braking system and the principle of straight air brake,anylises the feasibility for straight air brake to be applied to MU,and forecasts the development of the straight air brake in China.


Objective:To investigate the value of integrated care in the elderly femoral neck fracture cases.Methods:76 elderly patients with femoral neck fracture were randomly assigned to integrated care group( n = 41) and general care group( n = 35).In addition to general care,the integrated care group included psychological nursing,health education and preventing complications.The nursing effects of two groups were compared.Results:There were significant differences of the average hospitalization days,the satisfaction of nursing,preoperative psychological problems and complications related to nursing between the integrated care group and the other( P 0.01).The effect of integrated care is superior to general care.Conclusion:For the elderly patients with femoral neck fractures,the integrated care is an effective nursing measure for the prevention of complications and promotion of rehabilitation.


We perform the symmetry analysis of the properties of the ground state of a finite system of interacting spinless bosons for the three most symmetric boundary conditions (BCs): zero BCs with spherical and circular symmetries, as well as periodic BCs. The symmetry of the system can lead to interesting properties. For instance, the density of a periodic Bose system is an exact constant: ρ(r) = const. Moreover, in the case of perfect spherical symmetry of BCs, the crystalline state cannot produce the Bragg peaks. The main result of the article is that symmetry properties and general quantum-mechanical theorems admit equally both crystalline and liquid ground state for a Bose system of any density.


A scheme for the stochastic construction of reaction paths is proposed. The scheme exploits the genetic algorithm (GA) for locating the reactant (R) and product (P) minima as well as the appropriate first-order saddle point (SP) on the potential energy surface (PES) relevant to the chemical transformation. The reaction path is defined to be the trajectory traced out by the string of highest fitness as it evolves genetically toward the appropriate first-order saddle point under a specific constraint, starting either from R or P. The fitness contains information about the gradient norm, the square of an energy differential, and may or may not contain information about local curvature. The workability of the scheme is demonstrated with (i) two-model two-dimensional surfaces and (ii) a cluster of 14 argon atoms undergoing a conformational change. Salient features of the proposed method are discussed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 76: 161–168, 2000