Symbiotic species often have preferential attachment sites on their host body and thus some sites may only be occupied if the supposed best sites are already occupied. Alternatively, colonization may be similar in all sites, but removal may differ among them. Both mechanisms might generate a nested pattern. Moreover, the host size can alter the quality of the site for symbiotic occupation; for instance, by increasing the area and anchorage structures or reducing removal. We predicted that the spatial distribution of the ectosymbiotic chironomid Ichthyocladius lilianae Mendes, Andersen and Sæther, 2004 on their host, the armored catfish Pareiorhaphis hypselurus (Pereira and Reis, 2002), would present a nested pattern with regards to body-part preference and variation according to host size. We found that (i) suboptimal sites on the host body were usually only occupied by a symbiont when the optimal sites were already occupied and (ii) sites occupied by larvae on small host body surface were a subset of the sites occupied on large hosts. Our results indicate a nested distribution, yet the mechanisms generating this pattern are unclear. One possibility is that symbionts have preferential sites for attachment on the host body surface and compete for these sites. As an alternative, symbionts may present no preference and colonize equally all sites, but they remain attached to sites that offer better resources or protection from removal.


After injection molding the extrusion-molded article, and provides a compression injection molding mold which can maintain the position of the injection compression molded product in the molding space (30). An outer plate 11 which is located around the compression block 12 and the compression block 12 for compression to reduce the volume of the molding space portion 30 to the filled molding resin 31 in the second mold (2) and a. Without changing the relative positional relationship between the ejector pin 24 to protrude the outer plate 11 and the injection-compression molded article from the second mold (2), the relative positional relationship between the compression block 12 and the outer plate 11 and the configuration can be changed.


The aim of the IMAP is to aid music appreciation and it was developed using a participatory design approach with adult cochlear implant (CI) users from the University of Southampton Auditory Implant Service and members of the UK National Cochlear Implant Users Association.


This paper expounds on the cultivation of the experimental and innovative ability of students in geographical environment science by asking the students to design and build feasible geographical experiments independently,according to their own innovation and exploration by using laboratory equipment,designing the experimental process.It gives a detailed description of the reform of laboratory curriculum,the determination of the evaluation criteria,the development of a virtual laboratory,and the cultivation of personal qualities.It reaches the conclusions that a profound experimental knowledge and an excellent experimental ability is the foundation for the achievement of excellent teaching results;The establishment of the mathematical model and computer model,the digitalization of the experimental data and information is the breach for the cultivation of the experimental and innovative ability of students in geographical environment science whereas the open environmental science laboratory and the virtual laboratory is the hardware support.


Coherence decay times of and between fine-structure states is obtained from an InAs quantum dot ensemble using optical 2D Fourier-transform spectroscopy. This technique allows us to investigate properties of QDs within the ensemble.


Implicit surface is a kind of surface modeling tool, which is widely used in point cloud reconstruction, deformation, and fusion due to its advantages of good smoothness and Boolean operation. The most typical method is surface reconstruction with radial basis functions (RBF) under normal constraints. RBF has become one of the main methods of point cloud fitting because it has a strong mathematical foundation, an advantage of computation simplicity, and the ability to process nonuniform points.

Techniques and patents of implicit surface reconstruction interpolation with RBF are surveyed. Theory, algorithm, and application are discussed to provide a comprehensive summary for implicit surface reconstruction in RBF and Hermite radial basis functions (HRBF) interpolation.

 RBF implicit surface reconstruction interpolation can be divided into RBF interpolation under the constraints of points and HRBF interpolation under the constraints of points and corresponding normals.

 A total of 125 articles were reviewed in which more than 30% were related to RBF in the last decade. The continuity properties and application fields of the popular globally supported radial basis functions and compactly supported radial basis functions are analyzed. Different methods of RBF and HRBF implicit surface reconstruction are evaluated, and the challenges of these methods are discussed.

In future work, implicit surface reconstruction via RBF and HRBF should be further studied for fitting accuracy, computation speed, and other fundamental problems. In addition, it is a more challenging but valuable research direction to construct a new RBF with both compact support and improved fitting accuracy.


Traditionally gifted identification tries to identify persons with specific traits which presumably indicate extraordinary learning potentials. A modern alternative is to try to identify the persons with the mos t promising learning pathways. Thus, the modern approach of identification is not only directed at the presence, but it is rather future-oriented and its focus is the dynamics of the process of successful talent development. In this contribution talent development is treated under the aspects of adaptation and regulation. Firs t, several identifying characteris tics of talent development are given. It is proposed that it can bes t be interpreted as a process of adaptation to specific learning environments. Its result is functional action repertoires in talent domains. Two types of regulation are dis tinguished: homeos tatic and Homeorhesis. This is followed by replies to two central ques tions: Who regulates and what is regulated during talent development? Here endogenous and exogenous resources are discussed and the concepts 'educational capital' and 'learning capital' are introduced. To conclude, a thorough re-orientation of gifted identification is advocated. In support of the regulation processes necessary during the development of excellence, attention to four principles is recommended: 1) The principle of the co-evolution of the components of the actiotope, 2) the principle of dynamicinteractive regulation, 3) the principle of capital orientation, and 4) the cons tructivis t, or learning pathway principle.


The flop phenotype in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) is characterized by large revolute leaflets, coarse stems, and reduced fruit yield. F2 segregation data supported a 15:1 digenic inheritance model, with the flop phenotype governed by duplicate recessive alleles. There were no differences for reciprocal infraspecific cross populations. Gene symbols, fl1fl1fl2fl2 were proposed for the flop genotype.


Abstract. Eight pregnant women, complaining of generalized pruritus with lipoprotein‐X (LP‐X) in their serum and diagnosed as cases of cholestasis of pregnancy (CP)—were studied during pregnancy and after delivery. Ten women with uncomplicated normal pregnancy served as controls. LP‐X, liver function tests and relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin (determined by gas‐liquid chromatography, GLC) were followed. the fatty acid composition in liver and serum lecithin is determined by the synthesis pathways of lecithin in the liver. the faster and quantitatively dominating cytidine‐diphosphate diglyceride pathway, pathway I, causes the appearance of lecithin with palmitic acid (16:0) in 1‐position and oleic (18:1) or linoleic (18:2) acid in 2‐position, while pathway II, with methylation of phosphatidyl‐ethanolamine (cephalin) preferentially causes the appearance of lecithin with stearic acid (18:0) in 1‐position and arachidonic acid (20:4) in 2‐position. Pathway I is enhanced by oestrogenic and pathway II by cholestatic influence. During pregnancy women with CP were characterized in their serum lecithin fatty acid composition by a high palmitic (16:0) and a high oleic (18:1) acid content, in agreement with earlier studies. After delivery, in women with prior CP a decrease in palmitic (16:0) and linoleic (18:2) acids and an increase in stearic (18:0) acid, was interpreted as decreased influence on the major lecithin synthesis pathway I and an enhancement of pathway II. in addition, after delivery in the lactating mother, serum lecithin fatty acid composition data revealed an essential fatty acid (EFA) "consumption". It was earlier shown, that women with previous CP (when studied 8–21 months after delivery) had as judged from their serum lecithin fatty acid composition, a "basic metabolic defect", expressing presumably an estrogen enhanced pathway II of liver lecithin synthesis. in the present study, soon after delivery (on day 4–8) women with prior CP showed, however, less pathway II influence than women with a prior normal pregnancy. This was interpreted as a persistence of the cholestatic influence on liver lecithin synthesis pathways at this short time after delivery. Serum lecithin fatty acid composition appears to be a sensitive variable for the evaluation of metabolic influences in the liver.


A novel technique is introduced to characterize the nonlinear properties of organic dyes in solution. This technique uses the integrated liquid core optical fiber (i-LCOF) platform and is based on the spectral broadening of laser pulses due to self phase modulation (SPM).


1. Symmetry, classification and the analysis of structured data, 2. Sorting the labels: groups actions and orbits, 3. Connecting symmetries and data: linear representations, 4. Data reduction and inference: the canonical projections and their invariants, 5. Examples and techniques, 6. Symmetry studies of short symbolic sequences, 7. Symmetry studies of curvature data, 8. Symmetry studies of planar chirality.


The vertical and horizontal distribution of the carnivorous copepod Pareuchaeta norvegica Boeck and its potential prey were analysed in the Skagerrak during spring 1999 and autumn 2000. Feeding by P. norvegica was assessed by measuring egestion of faecal pellets. Pellet production at night was significantly higher than during the day. Feeding rates for females ranged from 1.4 to 5.2 prey d -1 in the spring and from 6.2 to 8.6 prey d -1 in the autumn. Feeding rates for juveniles were higher in both seasons. Peak spermatophore attachment and fertilisation occurred during spring when the proportion of males was also highest. The weight-specific egg production rate was estimated by the egg ratio method and ranged from 0.31 to 0.73% d -1 in the spring and from 0.42 and 0.66% d -1 in the autumn; no significant difference between seasons was found. The number and the total volume of the eggs were positively correlated to prosome length of the females. The population of P. norvegica ingested 2.0 to 4.6% of the spring copepod population daily and 2.4 to 6.5% of the autumn population. The predation impact of P. norvegica was equivalent to 6 to 14 and 9 to 16% of the copepod population production in spring and autumn, respectively, illustrating the importance of this species in the Skagerrak pelagic ecosystem. Compared with the other important invertebrate predators, the chaetognaths, the impact of P. norvegica was 10 to 100 times higher in both seasons.


To work out the measures for preventing and reducing the injuries in Chinese handball players,this paper makes an statistical analysis,by the means of documentary and mathematical analysis,about the injured part of the body,the injury types and the rate of occurrence based on the successful mutual insurance claims against China Sports Foundation by 218 handball players in China from the year 2005 to 2008.The result shows that the ranking of the easily injured parts is knee joints,waist,ankle,nose,fibula and metatarsus;the ranking of the injury types is ligament injury,fracture,meniscus injury,protrusion of the intervertebral disc and joint sprain.Strengthening medical supervision,protecting the vulnerable parts from injury,emphasizing the training of core strength, muscle strength of vulnerable parts and proprioception enhancement are the measures most effective to prevent handball players' sports injuries,to reduce the recurrence rate and are helpful for injury recovery.


A process for aerosol lubrication alternately moving machine parts, characterized in that at least the moving machine parts are surrounded by a closed housing, that a tightly enclosed in the housing volume of gas displaced alternately by the moving machine parts inside the housing and thereby bypasses the surfaces to be lubricated in alternate directions and that is in the enclosed volume of gas, a lubricant mist is generated by injection of a lubricant.


With a new, broadband matched test set-up, cable and connector screening effectiveness measurements over more than 7 frequency decades can be performed. The set-up allows to measure directive effects, which occur on both cables and connectors due to several discrete leakage points. High dynamic range (up to 150 dB) is achieved by using a combination of synthesized signal generator, synthesized spectrum analyzer and low noise preamplifier. This set-up will be introduced as the standard test method for connector screening effectiveness measurements by IEC and is also suitable for cable measurements.


The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory was completed in 1999, with the first data‐taking runs in the summer of 2000. Since then the measurements at RHIC have yielded a wealth of data from four independent detectors: BRAHMS, PHENIX, PHOBOS, and STAR. For the first time, collisions of heavy nuclei have been carried out with colliding‐beam energies that have previously been accessible only to high‐energy physics experiments. It is at these high energies that the predictions of QCD come into play and new phenomena are sought that may illuminate our view of the basic structure of matter.The RHIC experiments have recorded data from collisions of gold nuclei from SNN = 19 GeV up to the highest energy of 200 GeV, as well as reference data in proton‐proton and deuteron‐gold collisions. These collisions result in final states of unprecedented complexity, with thousands of produced particles radiating from the nuclear collision.The early measurements have revealed compelling evi...


Solar photovoltaics (PV) is projected to become the dominant renewable, with much capacity being installed as ground-mounted solar parks. Land use change for solar can affect ecosystems across various spatial scales and solar parks offer a unique opportunity for ecological enhancement. One compelling potential benefit put in practice by the solar industry is management for insect pollinators. Specifically, solar parks can provide refuge for pollinators through the provision of suitable habitat, potentially contributing to halting and reversing widespread declines recorded in a number of pollinator groups. There is scope to both manage and design solar parks for pollinators, but understanding is limited. Using a combination of GIS and a process-based pollinator model, we explore how solar park size, shape and management could affect ground-nesting bumblebee abundance inside solar parks and surrounding landscapes in the UK. We show that within solar parks, the floral resources provided by different management practices is a key factor affecting bumblebee abundance, but the impacts are dependent on landscape context. In comparison, solar park size and shape have a lesser impact. Moreover, the effects of both solar park management and design extend into the surrounding landscape, affecting bumblebee abundance up to 1 km away from the solar park. If designed and managed optimally, solar parks therefore have the potential to boost local pollinator abundance and pollination services to surrounding land. Our results demonstrate how incorporating biodiversity into solar park design and management decisions could benefit groups such as pollinators and contribute to the wider environmental sustainability of solar parks.


Location-based advertising (LBA) is a mobile phone service to apply customers' geographic location to provide suitable advertisement. This service can help users get more real-time and useful local advertising information. But would consumers click on and watch LBA further? To answer this question, this study applied the AHP combined with fuzzy theory to explore "the main evaluated factors while consumers receiving LBS advertisements". The results indicated that in terms of dimensions, "contents of ads" is most important, followed by "quality of ads" and "concerns for privacy". In terms of factors, "experience or trial information", "sale information", "easy-to-read contents", "e-coupon", "travel records" and "graphic ads" are the top six evaluated factors. The findings are useful not only for LBA providers to design and manage their advertising practices but also for consumers to understand the critical factors.


• In total, 179,364 COVID-19 cases and 8,349 deaths due to COVID-19 have been electronically reported to the Robert Koch Institute in Germany. • The cumulative incidence (cases per 100,000) of COVID-19 is currently highest in Bavaria (355), Baden-Wuerttemberg (312), Saarland (276) and Hamburg (275). • Most cases (67%) are between 15 and 59 years old. Women (52%) and men (48%) are almost equally affected. Slightly more men (55%) than women (45%) died. • People aged 70 years or older account for 86% of deaths but only 19% of all cases. • COVID-19 outbreaks continue to be reported in nursing homes and hospitals. • Outbreaks of COVID-19 have been reported in several federal states (including in institutions for asylum seekers and refugees, in connection with a religious event or in meat processing plants). Confirmed cases Deaths Deaths (%) Recovered 179,364 (+ 362*) 8,349 (+ 47*) 4.7% ca. 162,800** Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Daily Situation Report of the Robert Koch Institute


Mock trial law education belongs to the practice teaching way,evaluation is the practice teaching of the process monitoring and quality control measures.Based on the interaction,complexity,and the dimension of the evaluation to evaluate the diversified between subject and object mock trial.For that purpose of the evaluation,appropriate is used development-oriented evaluation or formative assessment study students potential development degree,goal setting reasonable degree;In the evaluation of the subject and object,subject is teachers and students,the object that is itself-the mock trial.The assessment dimensions on students with regard to the knowledge and skills,procedures and entity,idea and thinking;The evaluation about the teacher with regard to the lawsuit structure explaining,case issue analyze,role position interpretation,practice skills comments.Evaluation method has observation and interviews,measurement and read a file,discussion and individual tracking.The essence of evaluation is a value judgment.


New lcalities and a new host of Ganoderma pfeifferi Bres. in Pat. in Poland have been presented. Also, fruitbodies and spores, as well as ecology of the species have been described.


A lot of studies showed the role of oxidative stress in more than 100 diseases, many neurodegenerative diseases and also in ischemic stroke. Objective : to assess the variation of oxidative stress in the acute phase of ischemic stroke and to find if there is any correlation with the clinical status or with any other biochemical parameter. Methods : We prospectively studied markers of oxidative stress - Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), uric acid, albumin, and copper - in 27 patients with acute ischemic stroke comparing with 19 controls. Results and conclusions : We found mean levels for TAS and copper lower in patients with acute ischemic stroke than in controls. Levels of TAS correlated almost linearly with uric acid but not with albumin or copper. TAS correlated with NIHSS score in patients who presented higher or lower levels of one of the individual oxidative stress marker - uric acid, albumin or copper.


--In today's technological environment, there is a huge demand for devices with low power and low cost storage space. Memories with low power are driving the entire VLSI industry as most of the devices work on remote power supply. Demand of low power becomes the key of VLSI designs rather than high speed, particularly in embedded SRAM's and caches. The tunneling field effect transistor uses the quantum mechanical generation of carriers by band-to-band tunneling. Tunneling FET meets the challenges like low Subthreshold Swing (SS), low supply voltage and lower leakage currents. In particular, in this paper, we designed Tunnel FET with different materials such as Si and SiGe in different regions so as to produce low subthreshold swing, low leakage currents, low supply voltages and comparable IOFF and ION Idealized template devices were used to determine the device unidirectionality, which is inherent to TFETs. TFET with different material is used to investigate the VDD range, in which TFETS may be advantageous when compared to conventional MOSFET. Ambipolarity of TFET was analyzed. Realistic device templates extracted from experimental data of fabricated state-of-the-art Silicon n-TFET was used to assess the performance gap between the simulation of idealized TFETs and the best experimental implementations with different materials


The energy sector faces burning issues due to high challenges in executing operations, where improving the efficiency of the operation will help to overcome these issues. The Operational Excellence (OpEx) methodologies are widely used by industries and are one of the primary proposed solutions for the energy sector. However, in the energy sector, the literature lacks knowledge on the proper OpEx methodology approach. This study evaluates the status quo of the applications of OpEx methodologies in the energy sector and identifies the factors for a systematic approach. The systematic review identified 32 articles from six well recognised libraries. Consequently, the review helped the authors identify the current OpEx methodologies, publication themes, trends, gaps, and mitigation for future research. Furthermore, a bunch of benefits, motivating factors and limitations of OpEx methodologies' application in the energy sector are presented. The complete work sets the foundation for practical and useful deployment of OpEx methodologies for the sector, which can enable the leadership to make robust decisions for business operations. This study is a comprehensive systematic literature review covering an important sector.


A group of phenylpiperazine tetrazole derivatives of which 4-phenyl-1-[2-(5-tetrazolyl)ethyl] piperazine trihydrochloride (MA1277, phenpiperazole) is a typical member, have been found to be potent alpha antiadrenergic compounds possessing characteristics which make them somewhat different from other substances with this activity. Thus, as compared to most antiadrenergic compounds, MA1277 showed greater potency in vivo than in vitro and evoked proportionately greater blockade of sympathetic nerve stimulation. Moreover, its action was much longer than that of drugs such as azapetine and phentolamine and, unlike that of phenoxybenzamine, was immediate in onset and apparently of the competitive equilibrium type. Furthermore, in contrast to dihydroergotamine and tolazoline, it produced no smooth muscle stimulation. The chronic administration of the drug was followed by sustained lowering of blood pressure in mecamylamine hypertensive dogs.


In this thesis, we are interested in using online signatures as the biometric input. The motivation behind our work is to find a convenient (in terms of coast and availability) and widely used biometric factor for use with cryptographic framework. There are several ways to incorporate these two technologies, including using a private key to encrypt the biometric and vice versa.


Aiming at the frequency conversion and amplitude modulation eddy current displacement sensor,the sensor's dynamic characteristic was analyzes and the sensor's equivalent passing function model was deduced.A leading phase web designing method was provided.The experiment result showed that the design satisfied the demand of wide bandwidth and high response speed.


This research reports the growth of diamond filaments using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The growth reactor consists of an oxyacetylene torch that impinges on a cooled Mo wire tip. By controlling the tip temperature with a flow of Ar and carefully positioning the tip in the flame, one successfully nucleates a diamond seed. Slowly retracting the wire tip from the flame produces a filament of diameter 200–250 μm and length of 1 mm in 6–8 h. We have demonstrated that, in principle, there is no limit to the length of the filament. X‐ray diffraction shows that the filament is cubic diamond and that it is not randomly oriented polycrystalline diamond but does have some features of orientational texture. Throughout the deposition, a video camera focused through a microscope records the nucleation and growth of the diamond.


Sexual and reproductive health and women development from a gender perspective: The role ofmen Women's health, particularly, sexual and reproductive health, and development are here approached from a gender and human rights perspective, underlying the need to address these problems from a relational and comprehensive point of view. The issue of how sexual and reproductive health is approached and the "men's as partners" strategy is discussed. Adult women-centered, female-only family planning reproduction and contraception are criticized. Gender violence eradication is stressed as an entry to sexual and reproductive health programs. The case of Peruvian urban and rural women in poverty from Amazonian and Andean communities is taken as an example. Obstacles and achievements in working with men are reviewed but a gender transversal perspective is highlighted. Finally, women's sexual and reproductive health is related to development and seen as a standpoint for addressing health.


In recent years, the use of greenhouses for agricultural production has grown rapidly and continuously in Mexico. One of the most important factors that has a deep impact in plant cultivation in order to increase production efficiency has been monitoring continuously evapotranspiration proposed in [1], which due to the topography of the country and regions designated for construction of greenhouses, should be performed remotely. To make this monitor an embedded system with a virtual machine is deployed [2]. The embedded system proposed allows remote connectivity through a telemetry and telemonitoring system via the web. To maintain optimum performance of the greenhouse should be controlled variables as temperature, humidity, solar radiation and others to achieve adapt properly controlled in the greenhouse environment, externally monitored external climatic conditions in the greenhouse with the use of an embedded weather station. In this paper the study and implementation of a specialized embedded system for greenhouses, which uses neural diffusion algorithms to obtain independently the Evapotranspiration occurs.


This paper considers the data science and the summaries significance of Big Data and Learning Analytics in education. The widespread platform of making high‐quality benefits that could be achieved by exhausting big data techniques in the field of education is considered. One principal architecture framework to support education research is proposed.


During cold rolling of α-brass (CuZn28) mechanical twinning and subsequent shear banding lead to high orientation changes, which are characterized by a transition from the copper-type texture to the brass-type texture. The present investigations are concerned with both the control of the preferred orientations occuring in shear bands and the estimation of the orientation relationships between the shear bands and the matrices by means of EBSP-analysis. The changes in the global texture development were examined by means of X-ray diffraction pole figures and by determination of the volume fractions of the different texture components. The work leads to the conclusion that shear band formation is imaged directly in the orientation changes of the global rolling texture. It can be shown that the start of the process is strongly correlated with the texture transition. In this connection the formation of the texture component {111} is of great importance.


According to years of construction and project completing settlement, this paper examines the claim and cost calculation during constructing, which can be of value for contructors to determine the settlement a mount.


It introduces the significance of plant supporting slope skill, discusses the protecting principles of plant supporting slope to shallow layer slope damage,researches the choice of plant supporting slope ways,brings forward the noticing items of this skill.Combined with the problems in practice,it brings forward relative advice.


A wide variety of surfactants are available in market therefore one must need to choose suitable surfactant to give maximum effect to final product. Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) system enables to choose proper surfactant with ease. Therefore, study of HLB system is very important. This paper reviews the importance of HLB system and methods of calculating it. Further, it also provides the distinction of surfactants application based on their HLB values. This paper would be useful to get easy access to calculations of HLB and would act as a time-saving guide to surfactant selection.


This study examined the possibilities of e-mentoring to foster research skills among librarians in an academic library and information services environment. A small pilot project was set up with the purpose of identifying attitudes to e-mentoring; elements of a suitable online architecture; and hurdles to implementing such a programme at the University of KwaZulu- Natal. The goals of e-mentoring were to provide support to colleagues in their research; to facilitate mutual learning; and to build a sense of community. Findings revealed that time was a major constraint and participants felt the realisation of goals was limited. Recommendations and a list of research skills which can be developed among participants through e-mentoring are presented.


For a positive integer N, we say that ∞ is a Weierstrass point on the modular curve X0(N) if there is a non-zero cusp form of weight 2 on Γ0(N) which vanishes at ∞ to order greater than the genus o...


ABSTRACT Although the National Health Service (NHS) and the Unified Health System (SUS) are systems with similar universal principles, they can show different political measure patterns in the pharmaceutical field. This paper aimed to provide a comparative analysis of pharmaceutical policies highlighting strategies to guarantee access and sustainability to High-Price Medicines (HPMs) in Brazil and England. We performed an integrative literature review in electronic databases, supplemented by grey literature searched on governmental platforms (laws, decrees, ordinances, and resolutions). A total of Forty-seven articles and seven policies were selected and categorized for analysis. The results showed that both countries apply distinct policies to ensure access to HPMs, among them, policies to define price and reimbursement and actions to regulate the use inside the system. Also, these countries apply distinct policies to their sustainability as local partnerships for product development in Brazil and confidential managed agreements with multinational industries in the England. In conclusion, despite similarities in principles, these countries have been proposing and applying distinct pharmaceutical policies to maintain access and ensure the sustainability of their health systems.


Abstract Proline tRNA 3′-maturation in Escherichia coli occurs through a one-step RNase E endonucleolytic cleavage immediately after the CCA determinant. This processing pathway is distinct from the 3′-end maturation of the other tRNAs by avoiding the widespread use of 3′ → 5′ exonucleolytic processing, 3′-polyadenylation and subsequent degradation. Here, we show that the cytosine (C) at the mature 5′-terminus of the proK and proL tRNAs is required for both the RNase E cleavage immediately after the CCA determinant and their functionality. Thus, changing the C nucleotide at the mature 5′-terminus of the proL and proK tRNAs to the more common G nucleotide led to RNase E cleavages 1–4 nucleotides downstream of the CCA determinant. Furthermore, the 5′-modified mutant tRNAs required RNase T and RNase PH for their 3′-maturation and became substrates for polyadenylation and degradation. Strikingly, the aminoacylation of the 5′-modified proline tRNAs was blocked due to the change in the recognition element for prolyl-tRNA-synthetase. An analogous modification of the pheV 5′-mature terminus from G to C nucleotide did not support cell viability. This result provides additional support for the importance of first nucleotide of the mature tRNAs in their processing and functionality.


Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-α subunit (PDHA) plays an important role in the catalytic activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase of pathogens. In order to characterize the immunologic activity of the PDHA of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, we amplified and sequenced the pdha gene of M. ovipneumoniae. After optimized with TGG instead of TGA for coding the amino acid of tryptophane, the pdha gene was synthesized and inserted into pET32a (+) vector. The recombinant plasmid pET32-a(+)-pdha was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 and was then induced to express. The recombinant PDHA was purified and subjected to evaluation of its immunologic activity with immunoblot analysis and immune test in mice(Mus musculus). The results showed that the open reading frame (ORF) of pdha gene of M. ovipneumoniae consisted of 1125 nucleotides, with a G+C content of 34.76%, encoding 375 amino acids. There were 8 TGA codons for tryptophane in the pdha gene (located in 304~306, 379~381, 586~588, 592~594, 625~627, 811~813, 889~891 and 964~966 sites). Comparative analysis of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of PDHA of M. ovipneumoniae with those of 10 other Mycoplasma species revealed nucleotide sequence homology from 32.6% to 85.3%, with amino acid sequence homology from 39.3% to 90.6%. M. ovipneumoniae and M. hyopneumoniae showed the highest nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity (85.3% and 90.6%, respectively). The recombinant PDHA was expressed in the highest level when the recombinant BL21 was induced by 0.25mmol/L of IPTG at 33℃ for 6 h. The recombinant PDHA protein strongly reacted with the antiserum against M. ovipneumoniae based on the immunoblot assay, and the antibody titers in the immunized mice were increased significantly (P0.05) compared with the control. We here cloned and expressed the pdha gene of M.ovipeumoniae for the first time. The results indicate the PDHA possesses strong immunologic activity and may be a candidate antigen for vaccine development.


Corresponding author: Michal Ciebiera The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, II Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology 80 Cegłowska St, 01–809 Warsaw, Poland e-mail: email@example.com Ultrasound evaluation of a bilobed placenta with 'battledore cord insertion' — a report of an unusual case Sylwia Dabkowska1 , Grzegorz Panek1 , Julia Bijok1 , Michal Ciebiera2 , Tomasz Roszkowski1 1The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Obstetrics, Warsaw, Poland 2The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, II Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warsaw, Poland


Richard W. Healy, USGS, with contributions by Bridget R. Scanlon, University of Texas, Austin. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 2010. 256 pp. $99.00 hardback. ISBN 978-0-521-86396-4. $79 Adobe eBook ISBN 978-0-511-79610-4. $79 Mobipocket eBook ISBN 978-0-511-79829-0.

Recharge is one of the


We present iPiccer, a system that allows mobile camera phones users to interact with meta-tagged image material available from web repositories, such as flickr in two novel ways. Users of the system are able to infer photo tags from their location and orientation, but are also able to infer their location and orientation from their spatial photo tags. An implementation of iPiccerTaker is outlined, and the potential of this new form of interaction with web repository data is discussed.


Large-scale numerical simulations play a crucial role in the modeling of modern high-power pulsed particle, microwave and laser sources. Inadequate spatial resolution of realistic features (wall boundaries, injectors, targets, pulse shapes etc.) may give rise to unacceptable errors in critical simulation results. Structured adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) has been successfully applied to increase numerical resolution of fluid dynamics and MHD simulations. Unfortunately, straightforward extension of AMR (e.g., applying standard interpolation and flux matching techniques) to problems involving electromagnetic and particle-in-cell (PIC) descriptions proves to be nontrivial due to a number of severe numerical difficulties arising due to the presence of fine-coarse mesh interfaces: (i) spurious wave reflection, (ii) macro-particle self-force, and (iii) violation of charge conservation (Gauss' law). The approximation errors due to these numerical effects typically result in loss of simulation accuracy, energy/momentum non-conservation and long-time instabilities. We review our progress in developing specialized techniques that resolve these issues by way of introducing buffer zones and absorbing (PML) boundaries around the fine-coarse interfaces. We demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of these techniques on realistic examples related to simulations of the generation and propagation of high-power microwave (HPM) pulses, lasers and energetic particle beams.


A new resonant converter is presented to have the advantages of soft switching operation on power devices, without reverse recovery current loss on power diodes and wide input voltage range operation. Resonant converter with frequency modulation is adopted in the proposed circuit to accomplish the low switching loss on power switches and possible zero current switching operation on fast recovery diodes. To improve the problem of limit voltage range operation in the conventional resonant converter, a new parallel-series structure resonant converter is studied to achieve wide input voltage operation capability, such as from Vin,min to 4Vin,min. A 1.8 kW laboratory circuit is implemented, and the measured results are provided to confirm the theoretical analysis and circuit performance.


A B S T R A CT The guard cells of Vicia faba and Nicotiana tabacum contain numerous mitochondria, elements of endoplasmic reticulum, spherosomes, and peroxisome-like microbodies. A full ribosomal complement appears in young but not in fully mature guard cells. Numerous small lipid droplets external to the plasmalemma were noted in mature Vicia guard cells. Chloroplasts were found in both epidermal and guard cells of both species. Full photosynthetic capacity was indicated by the grana fretwork of guard-cell chloroplasts. A specialized peripheral reticulum was observed in the guard-cell chloroplasts of Vicia. Plasmodesmata were observed in both walls between sister guard cells and between guard and epidermal cells. In the latter case plasmodesmata were found primarily in pit fields of transverse walls. It is postulated that the small volume of guard cells allows them an osmotic advantage over larger neighboring


Warping the pointer across monitor bezels has previously been demonstrated to be both significantly faster and preferred to the standard mouse behavior when interacting across displays in homogeneous multi-monitor configurations. Complementing this work, we present a user study that compares the performance of four pointer-warping strategies, including a previously untested frame-memory placement strategy, in heterogeneous multi-monitor environments, where displays vary in size, resolution, and orientation. Our results show that a new frame-memory pointer warping strategy significantly improved targeting performance (up to 30% in some cases). In addition, our study showed that, when transitioning across screens, the mismatch between the visual and the device space has a significantly bigger impact on performance than the mismatch in orientation and visual size alone. For mouse operation in a highly heterogeneous multi-monitor environment, all our participants strongly preferred using pointer warping over the regular mouse behavior.


American poet Whitman's poems Leaves of Grass has had the profound influence in Chinese and Japanese literary at the beginning of the twentieth century.Chinese writers,represented by Guo Moruo and Japanese writers,represented by Takeo Arishima and those with the Populace faction accept its thought embodiment,the artistic form and the ideology aspect in various degrees.From the perspective of acceptance of aesthetics,their different acceptation is inevitably.


The invention relates to a hydraulic shock absorber with a through a sealing and guiding unit (6) sealed cylinder pipe (1), in which through the sealing and guiding unit (6) a working piston (2) carrying the piston rod (3) is guided in an oscillating immersible, wherein the working piston (2) divides the cylinder tube interior into a piston rod-side annular space (4) and a piston rod remote work chamber (5) divides, and wherein in the annular space (4) between the working piston (2) and the sealing and guiding unit (6) designed as a helical spring buffer spring (7) is arranged, facing which a main piston (2) facing the first end portion (7a) and one of the sealing and guiding unit (6) second end portion (7b) and a these end portions (7a, 7b), the transition region interconnecting (7c ) having. In order to reliably prevent buckling of the tension stop spring (7) in the direction of the cylinder tube inner wall, it is suggested that the buffer spring (7) within the transition region (7c) has an over at least a Schraubenfederwindung extending portion in the axial direction (7d) in which the inner diameter of the helical spring coils are smaller than the inside diameter of all the other helical spring coils in the transition area (7c).


A dc SQUID magnetometer‐based system has been developed and used to measure, in the frequency range 50–2300 Hz, the complex magnetic permeability μr(ν) and the magnetization noise at 4.2 K in a strip wound toroid. This toroidal core has been made of the 3‐μm‐thick ribbon fabricated from a crystalline magnetically soft alloy, Ultraperm. Below 1 kHz a constant value of −arg[μr(ν)]≊2×10−3 and 1/ν shaped noise spectral density have been measured. For frequencies higher than 1 kHz a linear growth of the imaginary part μr and a white noise have been found. The noise due to the sample is found in quantitative agreement with the standard fluctuation‐dissipation formula for the thermal noise, while a comparison of the permeability imaginary part magnitude with the theoretical value has indicated a partially shorted windings in the toroid, which have decreased the toroid roll‐off frequency down to 1 MHz.


The present status of long-term studies in neutron radiobiology using the JANUS reactor as the source of fission neutrons is summarized. A generally consistent pattern of response to neutrons is seen for both genetic and somatic end points. Dose protraction increases or augments the level of injury above that seen for single neutron doses. The responses to ..gamma..-rays are more traditional. Either a reduction of the instantaneous dose rate or the distribution of a given total dose over a long sequence of small fractions will reduce the level of injury below that seen for single doses. For cellular and genetic end points, a supralinear response may occur at doses below 5 or 10 rad, but generally the end points at the systemic and organismic level show a near-linear response that is essentially independent of the pattern of exposure to total doses up to 10 or 20 rad of neutrons. Beyond 20 to 40 rad, the response becomes nonlinear, concave downward. In most of the data, responses to ..gamma..-rays are linear and the linear coefficient declines as dose rate declines. This factor in combination with the near-invariant responses to neutrons at low doses leads to the observed increases in the RBEmore » values from 2 to 20 for single doses to 8 to 35 for 60 weeks of exposure. 43 refs., 2 figs., 5 tables. (ACR)« less


Synopsis The Watson-Crick imino and amino exchangeable protons, the nonexchangeable base and sugar protons, and the backbone phosphates for d-CpG(pCpG),, n = 1 and 2, have been monitored by high-resolution nmr spectroscopy in aqueous solution over the temperature range Oo-90°C. The temperature dependence of the chemical shifts of the tetramer and hexamer resonances is consistent with the formation of stable duplexes at low temperature in solution. Comparison of the spectral characteristics of the tetranucleotide with those of the hexanucleotide with temperature permits the differentiation and assignment of the cytosine proton resonances on base pairs located at the end of the helix from those in an interior position. There is fraying at the terminal base pairs in the tetranucleotide and hexanucleotide duplexes. The Watson-Crick ring imino protons exchange at a faster rate than the Watson-Crick side-chain amino protons, with exchange occurring by transient opening of the double helix. The structure of the d-CpG(pCpG), double helices has been probed by proton relaxation time measurements, sugar proton coupling constants, and the proton chemical shift changes associated with the helix-coil transition. The experimental data support a structural model in solution, which incorporates an anti conformation about the glycosyl bonds, C(3) exo sugar ring pucker, and base overlap geometries similar to the B-DNA helix. Rotational correlation times of 1.7 and 0.9 X sec have been computed for the hexanucleotide and tetranucleotide duplexes in 0.1 M salt, D20, pH 6.25 at 27OC. The well-resolved 31P resonances for the internucleotide phosphates of the tetramer and hexamer sequences at superconducting fields shift upfield by 0.2-0.5 pprn on helix formation. These shifts reflect a conformational change about the w,w' phosphodiester bonds from gauche-gauche in the duplex structure to a distribution of gauche-trans states in the coil structure. Significant differences are observed in the transition width and midpoint of the chemical shift versus temperature profiles plotted in differentiated form for the various base and sugar proton and internucleotide phosphorous resonances monitoring the d-CpG(pCpG), helix-coil transition. The twofold symmetry of the d-CpGpCpG duplex is removed on complex formation with the antibiotic actinomycin-D. Two phosphorous resonances are shifted downfield by -2.6 ppm and -1.6 pprn on formation of the 1:2 Act-D:d-CpGpCpG complex in solution. Model studies on binding of the antibiotic to dinucleotides of varying sequence indicate that intercalation of the actinomycin-D occurs at the GpC site in the d-CpGpCpG duplex and that the magnitude of the downfield shifts reflects strain at the 0-P-0 backbone angles and hydrogen bonding between the phenoxazone and the phosphate oxygens. Actinomycin-D is known to bind to nucleic acids that exhibit a B-DNA conformation; this suggests that the d-CpG(pCpG), duplexes exhibit a B-DNA conformation in solution.


A B S T R A C T Movement of LAA in spider flower (Cleome hassleriana Chod.) stamen filaments was studied by placing 2-mm sections horizontally between donor agar blocks containing 14Clabeled IAA and plain agar receiver blocks and measuring radioactivity in the donor and receiver blocks and filament sections by scintillation counting after the desired transport time. Movement was strictly polar and basipetal at all stages of floral development, except in open flowers just before stamen abscission when the amounts moving acropetally and basipetally were equal. The amount of IAA moved depended upon the stage of development. As buds aged more IAA was moved, until the buds opened and the stamen filaments reached maximum elongation; then the amount of IAA moving basipetally dropped drastically. There was an insignificant amount of acropetal IAA movement except just before stamen abscission. This change in LAA movement is not due to a change in filament diameter. In time-course studies the amount of IAA moved basipetally increased with time up to 5 hr and then declined slightly. The amount of radioactivity retained by sections increased until 8 hr. The amount of IAA moved in tip sections was less than that in mid or base sections; however, this can be partially explained by differences in uptake area of these sections. The relationship of these results to the hypothesis that changes in IAA movement are important in the control of stamen filament elongation and abscission is discussed.


AbstractLCD (Liquid Crystal Display) became one of the key components in the digital devices. LCD's dominant position in all the segments of the FPD market already replaced CRT (Cathode Ray Tube), thereby indicating a future prosperity of LCD. These days, however, many experts predict that LCD will confront great challenges from new display technologies like OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diodes), three-dimension display, and flexible display. To survive in these circumstances, one needs to investigate and analyze the LCD industry to develop proper strategic options. In this paper, we first present the value chain model of the LCD industry in order to gain insight into the industry dynamics. Second, based on the analysis result at the first stage, we determine key variables that affect LCD market share and sales volume in the context of the present structure of LCD industry structure. We also check out if the behavior of the key variables in the model well track the real movement in the LCD industry. Finally, we discover strategic alternatives in terms of LCD manufacturer's operational capabilities. In particular, we employ the system dynamics method built upon the causal loop diagram of the LCD industry. Our research is expected to help the LCD panel manufacturers to rationalize their decision making.


Virtual Multiple-Input Single-Output (vMISO) systems distribute multi-antenna diversity capabilities between a sending and a cooperating node. vMISO has been shown to vastly improve wireless link reliability and bit error rates by exploiting spatial diversity. Nevertheless, vMISO's performance in operational networking environments has not been studied. Namely, link gains obtained at the physical layer can be hindered by MAC and network-scale effects thus potentially diminishing the overall system performance gains. Moreover, while a vMISO cooperator can significantly improve the intended vMISO link, it may also influence neighboring flows, sometimes hindering other flows due to an increased spatial footprint of vMISO, and other times helping other flows due to altering inter-flow connectivity and improving coordination. In this paper, we build the first multi-flow vMISO testbed and explore the limits and capabilities of vMISO from a networking and MAC perspective. We identify and evaluate key factors affecting the performance of vMISO techniques in smalland large-scale topologies. Our evaluation reveals that (i) 802.11 MAC mechanisms represent a major bottleneck to the gains that can be attained by vMISO, (ii) negative effects such as interference due to activity of a cooperator node are overcome by the throughput gains achieved by vMISO, and (iii) gains achieved in small, isolated topologies decrease significantly when implemented at network scale for mesh networks (from 110% to 14% respectively). Furthermore, our study provides a deeper understanding of the regimes in which vMISO systems perform poorly, and can help in the design of effective protocol solutions for such cases.


The invention discloses an energy-saving control system for a mini-boiler. The energy-saving control system for the mini-boiler comprises a boiler, a controller, a flue gas exhaust system, a water supply system, a temperature sensor, a fuel detection system and a fuel control system, wherein the controller is respectively connected with the temperature sensor, the fuel detection system and the fuel control system; the boiler is respectively connected with the flue gas exhaust system, the water supply system and the fuel control system; the temperature sensor is used for detecting indoor temperature information; the fuel detection system is used for detecting fuel information inside the boiler; the controller is used for controlling the fuel adding time and amount of the fuel control system and the combustion degree of fuel according to the indoor temperature information and the fuel information; therefore, energy sources are effectively saved, and the heating efficiency is improved.


An error correction algorithm for CCD images was proposed to improve the reliability of image optical fiber transmission in a Time Delay Integrated(TDI)CCD camera with a large field of view.First,the image optical fiber transmission characteristics for the space camera and data transmission errors in a fiber channel Additive White Gaussian Noise(AWGN) model were analyzed,and a(16,8) error correction algorithm was proposed.Then,the(16,8) algorithm idea and error correction principle were described and an implementation method using Very Large Scale Integration(VLSI) and an encoder were explained.Meanwhile,the feasibility of the algorithm for space camera was explained in different aspects.Finally,the experiments were performed for the transmission system of a prototype in a space multispectral camera.The results show that the(16,8) algorithm has strong error detecting ability,less resource occupied rate and easier to realize with a hardware.The method is able to correct 191 bit errors in 3 043 Byte,and the resource occupied rate for the encoder is less than 5%.In conclusion,the algorithm improves the reliability of image optical fiber transmission in space cameras.


A theory of two-stream electromagnetic wave-wiggler free-electron lasers (TSEMWFEL) with an ion-channel guiding is proposed and investigated. An analysis of the two-stream steady-state electrons tr...


High electron mobility transistors with a pseudomorphically strained InAs channel (InAs-PHEMTs) have superior electron-transport properties and high electron density, which are due to a large conduction-band discontinuity. In this work, we demonstrate that InAs-PHEMTs have an additional property: they exhibit an ultra-fast optical response with a time-constant of 3.5 × 10–11 s. By irradiating the optical signal onto the InAs-PHEMTs, hole-electron pairs are created in the channel layer. Holes accumulated in the source region of the channel layer recombine immediately with 2DEG due to an Auger recombination mechanism. Holes generated in the region outside the gate also recombine immediately with the 2DEG due to the Auger recombination mechanism before they drift or diffuse toward the gate region. This is why the optical response time of an InAs-PHEMT is extremely small and it is restricted by the time for holes to transit across the gate region. A circuit incorporating an InAs-PHEMT as a transistor and an InAlAs/InAs/InGaAs MSM photodiode that has the same structure as an InAs-PHEMT as an optical detector has the potential to be applied as an ultra-fast receiver optoelectronic integrated circuit. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


It is demonstrated that a static in-plane magnetic field is generated in a ferromagnetic film by p-polarised light obliquely incident on the film. This phenomenon can be called inverse transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect. The femtosecond laser pulse of peak intensity of 500 W/{\mu}m2 generates in nickel an effective magnetic field of about 100 Oe. The value of the effective magnetic field can be increased by more than an order of magnitude at the surface plasmon polariton resonance excited in smooth metal dielectric structures or in plasmonic crystals.


for an Invited Paper for the MAR08 Meeting of The American Physical Society Optical sum rules for the orbital magnetization and anomalous Hall conductivity IVO SOUZA, Dept. of Physics, University of California Berkeley Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), the differential absorption of leftand right-circularly-polarized light by ferromagnets, results from the interplay between spin polarization and spin-orbit interaction. The same two ingredients are responsible for their spontaneous ("anomalous") Hall conductivity (AHC) and orbital magnetization. I will discuss how the three phenomena are related by two sum rules for the interband MCD spectrum.1 The sum rules are of the form ∫∞ 0 ω −pσ′′ A,αβ(ω)dω, where σ ′′ A is the absorptive part of the antisymmetric optical conductivity. The sum rule with p = 0 is the dichroic counterpart of the familiar f -sum rule for linearly-polarized light. I will show that it yields a contribution to the ground-state orbital magnetization which in insulators is associated with the circulation of the Wannier orbitals around their centers (more precisely, to the gauge-invariant part thereof). This differs from the net circulation, or total orbital magnetization,2,3 which has two additional contributions: (i) the remaining Wannier self-rotation, and (ii) the "itinerant" circulation arising from the center-of-mass motion of the Wannier orbitals. Contributions (i) and (ii) are not separately meaningful, since their individual values depend on the particular choice of Wannier functions. Their sum is however gauge-invariant, and can be inferred from a combination of gyromagnetic and magneto-optical experiments. The p = 1 sum rule is the dc limit of the dichroic Kramers-Kronig relation which yields σ′ A(0), the Karplus-Luttinger AHC. Ab-initio studies have shown that it is necessary to sample over millions of k-points to converge the calculation of this quantity. I will describe an efficient real-space method for computating the AHC4 and MCD5 using Wannier functions, and present some illustrative calculations for ferromagnets as well as field-polarized solid and liquid heavy metals.6 The possible role of configurational disorder in enhancing the field-induced AHC of liquid metals by introducing low-frequency Drude-related features in the MCD spectrum will be explored. 1I. Souza and D. Vanderbilt, arXiv:0709.2389 (2007). 2D. Xiao, J. Shi, and Q. Niu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 137204 (2005). 3T. Thonhauser, D. Ceresoli, D. Vanderbilt, and R. Resta, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 137205 (2005). 4X. Wang, J. R. Yates, I. Souza, and D. Vanderbilt, Phys. Rev. B 74, 195118 (2006). 5J. R. Yates, X. Wang, D. Vanderbilt, and I. Souza, Phys. Rev. B 75, 195121 (2007). 6G. Busch and H.–J. Güntherodt, Solid State Phys. 29, 235 (1974).


From the Publisher:
As the "information superhighway" moves into the home through interactive media, enhanced telecom services, and hybrid appliances, interest continually grows in how consumers adopt and use Information Technology (IT), the strategies IT marketers use to reach consumers, and the public policies that help and protect consumers. This book presents a unique collection of papers dealing with the demand side issues of new information technologies in the home. The contributors are from business, academia, and the public policy sector and represent many disciplines including communication, marketing, economics, psychology, engineering, and information systems.


Molten fluoride salts are candidate heat transfer fluids in a number of applications such as generation IV Molten Salt Nuclear Reactors (MSRs) and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Plants. However, a chief concern in the design of these systems is the corrosion of structural materials that come in contact with these molten salts. Redox control methods such as purification of salt, addition of active elements, and applied electrochemical potential can be efficient methods for preventing corrosion of structural materials in molten fluoride salts. Applied electrochemical potential as a redox control method for application in molten fluoride salts has rarely been explored. This study seeks to understand the viability of impressed current Cathodic Protection (CP) at various currents as a redox control method to prevent corrosion of Stainless Steel 316H in molten LiF-NaF-KF (FLiNaK) salt. Results show that application of CP can be an effective method to prevent corrosion of SS316H in molten FLiNaK salt, but the applied current will have to be optimized to prevent undesirable side effects such as reduction of salt constituents, salt deposition on electrodes etc.


A sensor signal detection device is provided with a sensor element (1), a temperature detection element (3) connected in series with the sensor element, a constant-voltage power supply for applying a constant voltage to the series circuit of the sensor element and the temperature detection element, a short-circuit switch (4) for creating a short circuit between both terminals of the temperature detection element, and a control device (6) for switching between a sensor detection state and a temperature detection state according to time divisions. In the sensor detection state, the short-circuit switch is switched on and a constant voltage is applied by the constant-voltage power supply between both ends of the sensor element so that a sensor signal from the sensor element can be acquired. In the temperature detection state, the short-circuit switch is switched off and a constant voltage is applied from the constant-voltage power supply in a state in which the temperature detection element is connected in series with the sensor element so that a temperature detection signal from the temperature detection sensor can be acquired.


The battle against coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is on and each and every nation is trying out to minimize the impact of the disease in their settings. In the Eastern Mediterranean region, a total of 20 nations has reported cases, of which Iraq has reported 728 cases and 52 deaths. It is worth remembering that Iraq has been exposed to multiple challenges in the recent few years, including experiencing internal conflicts or massive displacement of the human population in the nation. All these factors together significantly enhance the probability of the emergence of a major outbreak in the nation, which might go beyond the capacity of the nation to contain, if we do not act now and that too fast. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to expand in most of the affected nations, and the same has been anticipated for Iraq as well in the coming weeks. Thus, the national leaders and supporting agencies have to prepare the health system of the nation for the upcoming battle and reduce the caseload and the probability of disease transmission.


A unique business-oriented educational method was launched in 2010 at the University Of Debrecen, Hungary, in the Faculty Of Applied Economics and Rural Development; the method has existed in the JAMK University of Applied Science in JyvA¤skylA¤ (Finland) since 1993, and is called Team Academy. The gist of this training is that the students learn entrepreneurship through their 'living' organisations with the application of the principle 'learning-by-doing'. Besides developing the students' entrepreneurial competencies and skills, this educational model also offers team coaching tools to develop teams of 12-13 students that can cooperate in an efficient way. The key point of Team Academy, which has been launched in several European higher education institutes over the past years (e.g. Spain, France, the Netherlands, etc.), is that the most efficient way of learning how to operate a successful company is to learn it in practice. During the professional and project trainings, the cooperation of the team and their company's efficiency is continuously developing with the help of team coaches. A quite wide variety of team coaching tools is used in this system, e.g. 360â—¦ evaluation, which is a very important tool of human resource management. Feedback from students also plays an important role in developing team cooperation; the professional frame for this is also given by the above-mentioned methodology. This method is used successfully at the Debrecen Team Academy which / and (do you mean that the a) Team Academy or b) the above-mentioned methodology will be presented? If B), then write 'and' instead of 'which') will be presented in this study. A database of 150 questionnaires is analysed through qualitative research methods.


This paper proposes a notion of force-in-mind by which the boarder between non-game activities such as 'work' and gamified events such as 'play' is identified. It enables us to transform a non-game activity into a gamified one. Force-in-mind is defined as a product of mass-in-mind and acceleration-in-mind like Newton's second law of motion. We conjecture that one would feel gamified experience with a certain degree of emotional impact when force-in-mind becomes equals to or larger than a threshold which is estimated in this study. Moreover, it is likely that a promising link between flow theory and force-in-mind can be found.


Tropical African yambean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa L) is an under-utilised hardy, protein-rich legume. Antinutrients and the excessively long cooking time (4–6 h), among other factors, limit the food use of African yambean seeds. To reduce these limitations, non-traditional, less energy-consuming processing methods are required. Seeds of different varieties were (i) examined for ingredients and (ii) fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum. Comparisons with traditionally cooked beans were made. Protein content and in vitro protein digestibility were increased slightly by fermentation or cooking. Reductions in trypsin and α-amylase inhibitor activity and tannin ranged from significant to complete. The contents of potentially very toxic cyanogenic glycosides and flatulence-causing α-galactosides were high in raw beans. Reduction by fermentation (by 85%) was clearly more effective than by traditional cooking (10–20%). The results demonstrate (i) that fermentation can substantially improve the nutritional quality and (ii) that the energy requirement to produce a basic consumable fermented food from African yambean is only 10% of that of traditional cooking. On these grounds, widespread application of lactic acid fermentation by individuals or small-scale industries would be advantageous in the context of small-household economy, environmental protection, health and long-term sustainable agriculture in Nigeria. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry


Dynamic composition is a key feature of service-oriented computing (SOC) where services are discovered and composed at runtime. Current standards and methods for service compositions require statically binding published WSDL interfaces into compositions in BPEL. In this paper, we present our early result of a framework for dynamic composition on enterprise service bus (ESB). We present the design and implementation of Dynamic Composition Handler.


This article discusses the circumstances of Antonio Gramsci's death by opening an investigation into the relationship between the hypothesis of his murder by the italian fascism and the political-cultural dispute over his figure and his theoretical work.


Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a rapid and non-destructive method for evaluating internal quality, including TSS and firmness. A non-destructive NIR device can be used to accurately determine the sugar content of fruit in degrees Brix, enough to match a destructive commercial refractometer. This study aims to determine if a non-destructive NIR device can be used to accurately determine the sugar content of fruit in degrees Brix, enough to match a destructive commercial refractometer. The lowest R2 value belongs to the Mango with 0.761, while the highest belongs to the Strawberry with 0.9147. For Oranges, Papayas, Chicos, and Grapes - their respective R2 values are 0.8776, 0.8447, 0.7845, and 0.8407. Fruits were cleaned thoroughly before subjecting to NIR spectroscopy to reduce interference, and the AS7265x spectral triad spectrometer captured their respective absorbance spectra. From the ranges gathered, the researchers developed a regression model that can be used with the Arduino UNO to create a program that could detect the sugar content of the fruit.


The dynamic visco-elastic properties of the porous elastic materials were measured by impressing the compressive vibration and were translated into the electrical equiva-lent circuit through the mechanical one consisting of four elements. The human hand was also simulated to the electrical equivalent circuit. Consequently, by using the simulator, the author examined how the thickness of the porous elastic materials influenced the protection effect.The porous elastic materials in this study were two types of polyvinyl chloride foam (described in the previous paper). From this experiment, it was concluded that the protection effect was proportional to the thickness of the porous elastic material in the frequency range between 30 c/s and 400 c/s.


A new paradigm for active galactic jet kinematics has emerged through detailed investigations of BL Lac objects using very long baseline radio interferometry. In this new scheme, most, if not all, jet components appear to remain stationary with respect to the core but show significant non-radial motions. This paper presents results from our kinematic investigation of the jets of a statistically complete sample of radio-loud flat-spectrum active galaxies, focusing on the comparison between the jet kinematic properties of BL Lacs and flat-spectrum radio-quasars. It is shown that there is a statistically significant difference between the kinematics of the two AGN classes, with BL Lacs showing more bent jets, that are wider and show slower movement along the jet axis, compared to flat-spectrum radio-quasars. This is interpreted as evidence for helically structured jets (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Nano-composite of hydroxyapatite/lysozyme with a size of 100 nm was synthesized in situ by chemical wet method,and characterized by nitrongen gas adsorption method,IR,SEM and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques.In comparison with that synthesized by the dipping adsorbing method,the composite synthesized by wet method has much more content and activity of lysozyme.These results suggest the composite can be used as a controlling carrier of releasing lysozyme.


BACKGROUND
Ontogeny and cellular distribution of vasopressin receptors in the kidney are key factors determining the role of vasopressin in renal physiology. Expression of vasopressin V(2) receptor (V(2)R) mRNA and the immunoreactive protein in rat kidney were investigated.

METHODS
An antiserum directed to epitope TLD25 of the rat V(2)R sequence was characterized by Western blotting. Expression of V(2)R mRNA was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and on protein level by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS
Specificity of the antiserum was documented by Western blots from cells expressing a fusion protein of V(2)R and GFP. Using lysates of rat kidney and of native cell lines expressing V(2)R but not V(1)R, our antiserum to peptide TLD25 revealed a major band of 55 kD corresponding to the monomeric form of V(2)R, and a band of 110 kD most likely representing the homodimeric form of the receptor. This highly specific antiserum allowed us to localize the V(2)R in thick ascending limbs, distal convoluted and connecting tubules, and in collecting ducts. During ontogeny, immunoreactivity was first observed at the luminal membrane on prenatal day 20, emerging at the basolateral side from postnatal day 5 on. RT-PCR demonstrated V(2)R transcripts from prenatal day 18 to gradually increasing thereafter.

CONCLUSION
Expression of V(2)R is first detectable in the late embryonic stage of rat ontogeny starting from day E18 and gradually increasing with kidney maturation. In the adult kidney, V(2)R is differentially distributed in the various nephron segments.


Small geological objects – faults, fractures, karst, etc. – are presented by the diffracted component in the wavefield registered by seismic survey. Diffraction events analysis allows getting information about these objects. It this study we demonstrate how diffraction events behave in the migrated dip-angle domain. Using synthetic and real data we show that the event shape analysis makes it possible to detect a single diffraction point position, fractures direction and fault orientation.


Master of Electrical Engineering Program Cornell University Design Project Report Project Title: ANALYSIS OF ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL DATA Author: Wen Fan (email@example.com) Wentao Li (email@example.com) Yiqing Li (firstname.lastname@example.com) Abstract: Data including respiration and neural activity of mice has been acquired in Spike2. The main task for the MEng project is processing the data with Python to extract relevant information such as number of spikes during each trial (a few seconds of recording), respiration phase and coefficient of variation for each cell. If infusion or stimulation was used, the data should be separated in before and after. The Python program is supposed to produce output, which carries information for each recording file. As a functional module, the program will be applied to electrophysiological research repeatedly. Data including respiration and neural activity of mice has been acquired in Spike2. The main task for the MEng project is processing the data with Python to extract relevant information such as number of spikes during each trial (a few seconds of recording), respiration phase and coefficient of variation for each cell. If infusion or stimulation was used, the data should be separated in before and after. The Python program is supposed to produce output, which carries information for each recording file. As a functional module, the program will be applied to electrophysiological research repeatedly. OVERVIEW In this project, we desire to analyze the data acquired in Spike2 (A multi-channel continuous data acquisition and analysis package which is applied in many fields including electrophysiology, neurophysiology, cardiovascular and respiratory studies, pharmacology). Spike2 data files can be read using NEO.IO (A platform provided with an exhaustive way of loading and saving several widely used data formats in electrophysiology) and then be processed in Python code. Relevant parameters needed to be analyzed are listed in the KEY ISSUES part. Finally, Python programs we designed will be encapsulated as different functional modules, and there is a friendly GUI also created by Python to give the users an easy access. This is a common and important approach to facilitate electrophysiological research. Our work will provide a powerful tool for later researchers to acquire the data they want.


In Italy, two cases of myocardial infarction in women who smoked are reported: one used oral contraceptives and the other had abnormally high serum progesterone. The first case was a 35-year old woman who smoked 35 cigarettes daily, and had suffered from exertional angina for a year. She took oral contraceptive containing 0.125 mg levonorgestrel and 0.05 mg ethinyl estradiol. Her lipid and carbohydrate findings were normal. She died 4 days after hospitalization, and necropsy revealed a transmural infarction and an occlusive thrombus. The second woman, 40 years old with a habit of smoking 20 cigarettes daily, was admitted with acute myocardial infarction and fibrillation. She had hypercholesterolemia (280 mg%) and elevated enzymes, PMNs and sedimentation rate. Her progesterone level was 33 ng/ml (normal range 3-25 ng/ml. After removal of an aneurysm, she recovered.


A BRNS Theme Meeting on role of Science and Technology in National Development was held at the Homi Bhabha Auditorium at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) in Mumbai on 11 November 2017. The Theme Meeting was organised jointly by National Centre for Science Communicators, Nehru Science Centre, Materials Research Society of India, Mumbai Chapter Indian Physics Association, Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences (BRNS) and Tata Institute of Fundamental Research as a tribute to the contribution to Science and Technology by Dr. R. Chidambaram, Principal Scientifi c Advisor to the Government of India. The topics for the Theme Meeting were Neutron Scattering for Studying Structure of Matter, High Pressure Physics, National Security, Nuclear Diplomacy, Rural Technology, Education, Science-Industry Synergy (Transportation Research and Development), National Knowledge Network and Nuclear Energy Power and Non-Power. Dr. B.A. Dasannacharya, former Director, Solid State and Spectroscopy Group of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) presented Dr. Chidambaram's contribution to neutron crystallography and its recognition by the International Union of Crystallography by honouring him as the Vice-President. He described the pioneering work of Dr. Chidambaram in building the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance equipment and the classic research done on hydrogen REPORT


With the development of laser remote sensing,study on the influence of pulse characteristics of laser echo on remote sensing detection becomes a new hot spot.As an important feature,the characteristics of echo stretching affects SNR of received laser echo signal and ranging accuracy.Therefore echo stretching was experimentally studied.The frame and key technological parameters of the laser remote sensing echo waveform collection system were stated.Laser remote sensing echo delay sampling models of vertical detecting and asrew detecting were analyzed,and the characteristics of the echo stretching were described based on the models.The waveforms of the house wall by vertical detecting and the lawn by aslant detecting were analyzed,and the experimental analysis had preferably coherence with the theory analysis of the models.Finally,the method using the characteristics of the echo stretching to retrieve the target inclination angle was brought forward.


The experience of exploitation infiltration water-intake for the construction of water-lowering underground parking of a high-rise building on the bank of the Iset river in the center of the megapolis of the Middle Urals. To reduce the operating cost of drainage, providing security, some technologies on cleaning of involved groundwater resources are suggested and their future use for household and water supply is considered.


The vivid characteristics of family break-up law was mainly reflected as follows.Women's dowry mustn't be divided among brothers during Tang Dynasty and initial stages in Song Dynasty,which developed not to divide up salary from official position and private property,which was not from parent;Brothers mustn't break up the family and live apart during the three years after the parent's death in Tang Dynasty and initial stages in Song Dynasty,which gradually developed to divide up family estate after the burial of parents before the medium term of the Northern Song Dynasty;Brothers only can divide up family estate presided by parents,without separating themselves from the domicile during Tang and initial stages in Song Dynasty,which developed to completely divide up family estate and break away from the domicile among the brothers during Southern Song Dynasty;Dividing up the family estate and breaking away from the domicile must be forbidden and given a serious penalty during Tang Dynasty,which gradually developed to be identified with and boren with during Song Dynasty.Family break-up law not only related to the rising awareness of individual property rights and the impulse of married women,but also more related to frequent lawsuits about family estate.The evolution of Family break-up law in Song Dynasty not only provided a new view for us to understand the law transformation of modernization about Song Dynasty,but also proved legal philosophy that law must change with the social changes.


This study investigates the signaling pathways that regulate mRNA expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor‐1 (VPACR‐1) in murine, primary CD4 T cells. VPACR‐1 is an anti‐proliferative, G‐protein coupled receptor that is highly expressed on naïve T cells, but is downregulated upon activation. To date, the signaling molecules involved in mediating VPACR‐1 downregulation have yet to be identified. Splenic CD4 T cells isolated from C57BL/6 mice by magnetic beads (Miltenyi) were pretreated with several pharmacological inhibitors and activated with plate bound anti‐CD3 for 24 hrs. Total RNA was isolated, and VPACR‐1 mRNA levels were measured by qPCR. Our results show that the JNK MAPK pathway downstream from src kinases Fyn/Lck is involved in TCR‐induced VPACR‐1 downregulation. Preliminarily, the adaptor molecule, Zap70, and the JNK upstream G‐protein signaling molecule, Rac1, also appear to downregulate VPACR‐1. Surprisingly, we did not collect evidence to support other MAPK pathways, such as Ras→PKC→ERK and p38, as having roles in downregulating VPACR‐1. Furthermore, two other common T cell signaling molecules, calcineurin and PI3‐K, were not statistically involved in VPACR‐1 regulation. By studying the signaling pathways that regulate VPACR‐1, we can gain greater insight into the role of this receptor in infectious disease, autoimmunity and T cell biology. 1KO1 DK064828, COBRE‐ 2P20RR015566


The study of the relation of various environmental factors to the composition of plants received its greatest stimulus when Emil Wolff published his studies on the analysis of plant ash to determine what constituents were to be found therein. Since that time an enormous quantity of literature has been contributed to the study, yet the work has never been satisfactorily concluded.


The Suruga Bay is located on a southern coast in the main island of Japan, and the bay facing to the Kuroshio front. Two big rivers flows into the head of the Suruga Bay. The bay has very large depth about 2400 m in bay mouth area and over 1000 m in bay mouth one, i.e., Suruga Trough. Fishery in the bay are strongly influenced by a variables of rivers inflows and intruding of Kuroshio water (Sugimoto et al., 2009; Tanaka et al.,2009; Katsumata, 2016). But we has a little knowledge for these variations. Therefore, we measured the profile of the current by ferry mounted ADCP, at the line of the "Suruga Bay Ferry" cruise cross the bay head from a western coast to eastern coast, i.e., Shimizu Port to Toi Port, since 2008. We currently continuing measuring the current in the bay about near 10 years. The calculated mean of the whole period and whole layer meridional current, i.e., orthogonal component for cruise line, indicted 0.6 cm/sec of northward and inflow to bay head. Former studies of the current at the bay head was indicated the anticlockwise circulation in bay head area, by used surface current measurement (Inaba, 1981) and by used hydrographic data i.e., temperature and salinity profiles measurements by Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Fishery (Nakamura and Muranaka, 1979). But, former studies was not clarify for vertical and horizontal high resolution properties of the mean current in bay head of the Suruga Bay. We verify to same phenomena of former studies again, i.e., we detected for the anticlockwise circulation in bay head area of the Suruga Bay. Furthermore we clarify the next 2 facts at the first time. #1 The anticlockwise circulation at the bay head of the Suruga Bay has at least 100 m thick from surface layer. #2 The circulation in bay head has clearly seasonal variation, it is relate difference of stratified period and non-stratified one.


Uterine adenomyoma is a neoplasm that's composed of glandular and smooth muscle components, usually found in the uterine corpus, and only rarely seen in the uterine cervix. A similar tumor composed of endocervical glands and smooth muscle, designated as 'adenomyoma of the endocervical type' has been reported in the uterine corpus. Here we report on a case of adenomyoma of the uterine corpus, and the adenomyoma was entirely lined with endocervical type glandular epithelium. Further this tumor was associated with multiple leiomyomas and adenomyosis in a pregnant woman.


The aim of this paper is to review steel as ballistic resistance plate (armor plate) from modern metallurgical science which has also been revealed in Holly Quran. Steel is one of the metal materials has been widely applied as ballistic resistant materials. A ballistic characteristic is the ability to put a halt projectile at very high velocity. Steel plate has been developed to improve armor material and was still the main choice as a material for armored fighting vehicle (AFV) construction. With the alloying of the steel and heat treatment process can improve hardness, strength, impact resistance and ballistic resistance. Alloying with elements of Nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo) and manganese (Mn) in the melting process may increase hardness. Heat treatment by quench can maximize hardening and tempering can improve the toughness. The addition of the element "copper (Cu)" by means of heating the steel as adam (boundary walls) are impassable and impenetrable have been demonstrated in Holly Quran Surah Al-Kahf verses 95-97. Keywords : ballistic resistance, alloying, heat treatment, Al-Kahf 95-97


Objective To explore the methods of diagnosis and treatment of esophageal leiomyosarcoma.Methods The literature was reviewed and the experience of diagnosis and surgical treatment of 5 esophageal leiomyosarcoma cases in this hospital was analyzed.The expression of CD117,CD34 and SMA(smooth muscle actin) in paraffin specimen was examined with the immunohistochemical technique.Results Only 2 cases were diagnosed with esophagoscopic biopsy before operation,2 cases were considered as esophageal carcinoma and 1 case was considered as mediastinal tumor.Two cases were associated with squamous cell carcinoma.Three cases received esophageal resection and got long-term survival.One case had the tumor excised and received radiotherapy and died three and a half years later.One case received tumor biospy and died seven months later.In immunohistochemical examination,all cases were negative with CD117 and CD34,4 cases were negative with SMA and 1 case was positive with SMA.Conclusions Only a part of esophageal leiomyosarcomas can be diagnosed before operation.Frozen section examination during operation is necessary when esophageal tumors can not be diagnosed before operation or the origin of mediastinal tumor which invades esophageal wall can not be confirmed.The expression of CD117,CD34 and SMA must be examined with the immunohistochemical technique in esophageal leiomyosarcomas to exclude stromal tumors.Esophageal resection can acquire favourable treatment results.


The possibility of the corrosion of metals due to contact with plastic materials has been known for a very long time. This is a matter of consequence, especially in the instrument and the lighter electrical sections of engineering industry. Therefore much attention has been given to the subject by technologists concerned in these fields.


A recessively transmitted fatal hypertonic infantile muscular dystrophy has been described in Canadian aboriginals. The affected infants present with progressive limb and axial muscle stiffness and develop severe respiratory insufficiency, and most die in the first year of life. We sought to determine the genetic basis of this disease.


The 1893 Sea War between China and Japan impelled the tide of the Chinese youngsters to go to study in Japan, the emancipation of women initiated the young women to study abroad, the running of women schools needed female masters to teach the new subjects, the Qing Dynasty government advocated that women should study abroad, and the Japanese government and the public well received Chinese women to study in Japan. All these formed the upsurge of the Chinese women going to study in Japan.


The paper presents an improved method of determining petroleum pollutants in waterbasedonfluorescence,which allowsthe oilcontentto be estimatedwith an accuracy better than 50%. The method was used to measure the oil content in Gulf of Gdansk seawater sampled at Gdynia-Orlowo between January 2006 and September2008. The174measurementsmadeduringthisperiodrangedfrom1to 120 µgkg 1 ,butthemajoritydidnotexceed20 µgkg 1 . Themostprobablelevel ofcontaminationisc.5 µgkg 1 .


This paper deals with corporate risk analysis in business operation and discusses the advantages and debt risks in terms of the cost of capital, capital structure, corporate tax and inflation, emphasizing on the debt ratio analysis and capital structure decision. The effects of major factors such as the cost of capital, required rate of return, borrowing capacity and debt payback ability on debt ratio are also addressed. Finally, some policies and ways from view of business restructuring are suggested for the state owned companies to relieve from the current heavy debts for survival.


There are a number of turf fungicides the activity of which is based on the phosphite (=phosphonate) ion (P03-). Chipco Signature fungicide (active ingredient fosetyl-Al) is the most common, and has become a "keystone" product for disease control programs on many golf courses across the country. This is in part because of the general enhancement in quality on stressed turfgrass that has been reported in some studies, including selected tests at the University of Kentucky. The product is also known to provide control of Pythium cottony blight in many circumstances, particularly when sequential applications are made. Other phosphite fungicides marketed for turf include Magellan, Resyst, Alude, Prodigy Signature and Vital. These fungicides are unusual in that they control diseases in two very different ways. They do have some direct toxicity to the fungus, much like all conventional fungicides which somehow poison the target fungus. However, phosphite fungicides also enhance the plant's natural defense mechanisms, which is not true for conventional fungicides. Because these fungicides attack fungi on "multiple fronts/' the general belief among plant pathologists has been that they are less subject to fungicide resistance than most other systemic fungicides, and in fact field experience has been consistent with this. Cases of failure of disease control by phosphite fungicides due to fungicide resistance have been rare.


In this paper, we estimate the number of propagating modes in rectangular and circular multimode waveguides and express it as a closed-form function of excitation frequency and waveguide cross-sectional dimensions. The presented formulas can be used to quickly estimate the number of modes which can propagate in multimode waveguide communication channels such as pipes, ducts, and tunnels.


Talking with these women is pushing me to think carefully about how we construct and maintain borders and how we reconfigure them. I am continuing to question the foundations and biases on which our institutions (academia in this case) are built, and to further examine assumptions about presence and voice in the academy. How do we reshape boundaries and transform the academy (and thus the social world)?


Abstract – Deixis is an interesting topic in pragmatic. Deixis is a word that represents something else in utterance. It could be referred to a person, to place, and to time. The reason of choosing deixis is because the languages in the novel often use pragmatic language. The writers used descriptive qualitative method to analyse deixis used in Girl in Pieces novel by Kathleen Glasglow. The procedures are collecting data, processing data, and analysis data. The result of this research indicated that there are three types of deixis used in the novel, person deixis, spatial deixis, and temporal deixis. Person deixis consist of first person deixis to identify the speaker, second person deixis used to appoint the addressee, and third person deixis refer to a person neither the speaker nor the addressee. Spatial deixis used to explain the location of certain utterance. Temporary deixis have function to describe an exact time of utterance. There are 676 deixis found in chapter one of the novel, consist of 569 person deixis, 85 spatial deixis, and 22 temporal deixis. By apprehending the deixis, people could avoid misunderstanding, avoid confusion, and gain more information.


Introduction Bus vs NoC Bus and network-on-chip (NoC) are the two types of popular on-chip communication architectures. Bus has been widely used for its speed and simplicity, but lacks the communication bandwidth to support parallelism. Bus matrix extends its bandwidth, but not in an e±cient way on power or wires compared to NoC, which is therefore regarded as a better choice for many applications because of its bandwidth capacity, regularity and scalability. However, NoC has relatively large delay, which is a critical disadvantage to system performance, because communications in NoC must take a series of hops on routers in the network. Even with sophisticated routers taking only one clock cycle each hop, the total delay over a long path is still significant. The accumulation of delay on hops is inevitable due to the independency of routers, and it scales up with the number of routers and system complexity. Therefore, we believe bus based communication provides better performance in delay-sensitive systems, because bus delay can be minimized through centralized control and arbitration. On the other hand, the weaknesses such as low bandwidth and wire e±ciency, are not intrinsic in bus. In this paper, we address these issues on bus matrix to make it capable and efficient on-chip communication architecture. Electronic system design is being revolutionized by widespread adoption of the System-on-Chip (SoC) paradigm. The benefits of using such an approach are numerous, including improvements in system performance, cost, size, power dissipation, and design turn-around-time. In order to exploit these potential advantages to the fullest, a complete design methodology must adequately address two dimensions of system design. Firstly, it is essential to efficiently and optimally map an application's computation requirements to a set of highperformance system components, like CPUs, DSPs, application specific cores, memories etc. Secondly, it is equally important to empower a designer with techniques and tools to map the system's communication requirements onto a well optimized communication architecture that is well suited to the specific application at hand. The focus of this paper lies on the second of these two aspects of system design. Increasing levels of integration are leading to a growing volume and diversity of data and control traffic exchanged among SoC components. As a result, a poorly designed on-chip communication architecture could become a severe impediment to optimal system performance and power consumption. In order to support highperformance components, the on-chip communication architecture must efficiently transport the large volume of heterogeneous communication traffic they generate. Hence techniques to efficiently and optimally map the system's communication requirements to a target communication architecture need to be included as an integral part of any system design flow Problem Formulations: We require the bus synthesis algorithm to generate a bus matrix based on a given communication constraint graph and a placement of master and slave devices. In this way, on-chip bus matrices can be flexibly reconfigured for different system designs and communication patterns. The optimization is on power and wires under the bandwidth requirement given by the graph. Here with AMBA protocols, we can use definition 1 to model the communication graph of bus matrices. Definition 1: A communication graph GC = (Vs, Vt, A) is directed bipartite graph, where Vs is the set of source vertices, Vt is the set of terminal vertices, and A is the set of arcs from Vs to Vt . We denote the set of master devices by Vs, the set of slave devices by Vt.An arc (vi,vj) in GC means master device i needs to access slave device j. Also given are the fixed on-chip locations of these devices.


Abstract During the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, many K-12 schools suddenly shifted from the traditional brick and mortar schooling to virtual learning. With this shift, many teachers and students faced unanticipated instructional challenges. In this study, three elementary school teachers in the Mid-Atlantic opted to utilize an innovative technology based graphic organizer (TBGO) to support their virtual writing instruction for a persuasive essay unit. Participants included three 5th grade teachers and 13 diverse 5th grade students with disabilities, English language learners, or struggling writers. After receiving the bichronous (synchronous and asynchronous) professional development on the TBGO intervention, teachers delivered writing instruction online. Students' writing outcomes at pretest, posttest with TBGO, and posttest without TBGO were examined. Findings revealed that there were significant differences from the pretest to both posttests for students' total written words, the number of transition words, and writing quality. Additional qualitative findings indicated positive experiences for both students and teachers utilizing the TBGO during virtual instruction. The resilience of both students and teachers utilizing the writing intervention online is discussed.