This study investigates the aural and visual factors that influence appropriateness perception in soundscape evaluations in residential spaces, where people may spend most of their time in. Appropriateness in soundscape is derived from the expectation of sound sources in a specific
 environment, place or function heard by a listener. Appropriateness of soundscapes in 30 locations in an urban residential environment is investigated with varying landscape, visual and aural elements through a questionnaire. Participants experienced the soundscape in-situ and were asked to
 evaluate the appropriateness of soundscape as well as the dominance of specific sound sources such as traffic, human activities and birdsongs in the residential space. The effect of type of traffic on appropriateness is also investigated. A strong relationship is found between appropriateness
 and affective soundscape qualities such as pleasantness, highlighting the importance of considering appropriateness in soundscape research. In audio-visual combination of specific elements and the partial correlation with appropriateness, specific aural sound sources are found to correlate
 uniquely to appropriateness while controlling for relevant visual elements, whereas visual elements became redundant in its partial correlation to appropriateness. Residents' perception of appropriateness is found to likely be more dependent on the individual visual elements rather than the
 overall landscape. This study investigates the factors that influences appropriateness perceptual in soundscape evaluations in residential spaces, where people may spend most of their time in. Appropriateness in soundscape is derived from the expectation of sound sources in a specific environment,
 place or function and heard by a listener. The appropriateness of soundscapes of 30 locations in an urban residential environment is investigated with varying visual (greenery, building, waterbody) and aural elements through a questionnaire approach. Participants experienced the soundscape
 in-situ and were asked to evaluate the appropriateness of soundscape as well as the dominance of specific sound sources such as traffic, human activities and birdsongs in a residential space. The type of traffic is also investigated to explore the effect of traffic load on appropriateness.


If practical teaching is improved through the slow processes of the more or less haphazard classroom experience of teachers working individually, the pace of improvement may evidently be materially quickened and lengthened by an earnest concentration of efforts upon ways and means of effecting improvement. A corps of zealous and admittedly successful practical teachers, believing in advance and determined to effect it, working unitedly and of set purpose upon the problems of secondary mathematics teaching, is a safe guarantee of substantial results, without the abuse of instrumentalities by which results must be accomplished. Where all proposals are subjected to frank and free discussion, criticism, and analysis by persons competent both academically and professionally, under the sole a priori limitation that some tangible conclusion must be reached, formulated, and acted upon by all, dogmatic precept meets dogmatic precept to the betterment of both, and the pedagogics of the single point of view melts into and enriches the pedagogics of the larger and more general view. In the University High School the conditions, equipment, and personnel of the department of mathematics unite to make a situation peculiarly competent to the organization and execution of a plan for the very considerable improvement of practical teaching of mathematics in high schools.


The early Earth refers to the Hadean or dark ages of the Earth.The Hadean Earth is also known as the Earth of 4.56 to 4Ga.The early Earth is a scientific frontier of Earth Science and a basic problem related to many theories on geology and geochemistry.This paper systematically integrates the early Earth-related research advances,especially in the recent 10 years,from the professional popularization perspective.Focusing on the origins of large geological phenomena in the establishment of geological theory as the main line,this paper describes concisely the origins of the proto-Earth core,proto-crust,mantle convection,lithosphere,mantle heterogeneity,continental and oceanic crusts,water and atmosphere and oceans,plate tectonics,the origin of early life and others that are major frontier scientific issues of Earth Science.These problems are closely associated with some origins of the universe and elements related to origin of matter in the Earth.The proto-core of the Earth occurred after a few million years at the beginning of the formation of the Proto-Earth;the last time global large-scale melting event in the Earth happened at 4450 Ma;the Earth's proto-mantle and proto-core was again under homogenization;and the proto-core may disappear.After 4450 Ma,the primitive core size is similar to the size of the present core.Only the liquid outer core was under cooling and its size decreased,while the solid inner core increased.Based on the earliest crustal zircon ages that are greater than4408 Ma,and the earliest crustal age obtained from the Sm-Nd system is 4470Ma;the formation of the crust is earlier than that of the late core.Therefore,the time of the proto-crust separated from the proto-mantle is about 4.45 Ga.Based on the geochemical characteristics of Hf and Nd,some of the oldest zircons occurred at4.3Ga ago.The upper part of the primitive-mantle after assimilation of the magma was cooled,which may constitute the primitive lithospheric mantle that can become the lower part of the proto-crust.However,there is no differential oceanic and continental lithospheres in the original 4 billion years ago.There are three different theories for the origin of mantle convection which is most likely to occur in the event of accidental impact at 4.45 Ga.The origin of the mantle heterogeneity may be related to the mantle convection.The mantle heterogeneity happened earlier than the plate tectonics,which can be only explained by the theory ofmantle plume or mantle overturn,and then it has been enhanced by the late plate tectonics.The origins of water,atmosphere and oceans are possibly earlier than the origins of continental and oceanic crust.The earliest water has the most reliable and direct evidence from the discovery of the oldest zircon oxygen isotope,suggesting that the water in the primary Earth's surface is stable at 4.0 Ga.However,the records of the Earth's earliest minerals remaining in the Western Australia Yilgan Craton(Mt.Narryer and Jack Hills area)is one 4.4Ga zircon.The earliest zircon also means that the earliest felsic crust(continental crust)should occur at 4.4Ga ago.Therefore,the origin of continental crust is far earlier than that of plate tectonics,and the mechanism of early continental crust origin is likely to be independent of the plate tectonics regime,triggered by the tectonic-magmatic processes and the three generations of magmatic differentiation processes under pre-plate tectonics regime that eventually led to the formation of large-scale TTG(continental crust).Water is a prerequisite for the origin of life,so the origin of life on Earth should be later than 4.0Ga,and the reliable fossil confirms that life at least originated before 3.7Ga.Furthermore,early life may appear in the submarine hydrothermal vents.In summary,this paper briefly introduces the essences and frontiers of many academic achievements to help professional experts profoundly understand different fields of scientific frontiers and new achievements on the component,structures,evolution and dynamics of Early Earth.


Emergency has strong randomicity, and will often present fewer research data sample or absence of data in certain emergency prediction research process. We research the case using cubic B-spline interpolation in engineering technology and the GM (2, 1) forecasting model, and set up the dynamic combination forecast model based on cubic B-spline curve and the GM (2, 1), which makes up for the lack of data on high quality, and also make the prediction results reflecting the characteristics of dynamic local and global. We makes an empirical analysis using the model lightning index in Guangdong province, the results show that the level erroneous recognition is 11% the predicted results, the regionalization of forecasting disaster index is consistent with the practical.


Though he was known for saying, "Actors are cattle," Alfred Hitchcock had highly specific ideas about film acting, which he saw in terms of contrast and counterpoint. Hitchcock was a theorist of acting, which he proved in some of his lesser-known 1930s interviews, and he has not been given his due as a director of actors. He felt that the camera was duplicitous and that it could be made to lie, and so he loved his actors to look one way and to be another, or to do one thing and suggest another. The best Hitchcock actor was one, the Master said, who could "do nothing well," to which he always added that this was actually difficult to do. This book will analyze actors in Hitchcock films, exploring what acting for Hitchcock entailed and what acting is and can be in the cinema.


The relations between science of behavior and philosophy of science usually are conflicting and confused. Today, in comtemporary behavioral science they come discussing the philosophical roots with which its contextualist approach is compatible of general way.


Ground-motion intensity conversion equations (GMICEs) allow for conversions between ground-motion amplitude and shaking intensity. The current methods used to develop GMICEs model the dependence of the intensity on the peak ground-motion (PGM) parameter. For some models, there is a second step that models the magnitude and distance dependence of the residuals from the initial regression. We show that this approach for developing GMICEs works well for estimating the intensity from median ground motions, but for ground-motion values away from the medians, the intensities estimated by the GMICE can have large bias, with overprediction for positive PGM residuals and underprediction for negative PGM residuals. The bias is due to an implicit assumption in the current approach that there is a direct causal relation between intensity and the ground-motion parameter and that the residuals of the intensity and ground-motion parameter are fully correlated. We present two alternative methodologies for developing GMICEs that do not suffer from this bias. The first method includes the magnitude and distance scaling of the GMICE in the initial regression for the scaling with the PGM. The second method excludes the magnitude and distance terms but includes the number of standard deviations of the PGM (ε) as an additional parameter in the GMICE. Using a synthetic data set of intensity and peak ground acceleration values, we show that the GMICE developed using the proposed method leads to more accurate estimates of the intensity than current methods. We also discuss implications of using GMICEs based on the proposed methods for the evaluation of probabilistic hazard maps and as input to ShakeAlert estimates.


The transcervical approach to lateral skull base is a simple and safe alternative to other surgical approaches employed for access to this area. There are definite advantages of this surgical technique which include preservation of hearing, technical ease of operation, improved patient safety and reduced local tissue and function compromise.


A synchrotron light source is being designed in Barcelona. The injection to the booster at 0.1 GeV is made with a septum-kicker ensemble as well as the extraction from the booster at 2.5 GeV. The injection to the storage ring requires two septum magnets and four fast bumper magnets[1]. The septum magnets (0.85 m of magnetic length) are eddy current type, they are water cooled and they are placed inside a vacuum vessel. The yoke will be made of 4% silicon-iron laminations. They are excited with a 50 μs half sine wave. The kicker magnets (0.4 m of length) in the booster are window frame type with a ferrite core. The vacuum chamber made of ceramic is placed inside the window. The excitation current has a flat top of 100 ns and a ramping time of 320 ns. The four bumpers (0.4 m of length) in the storage ring are window frame magnets with the yoke made of ferrite. The excitation current is a half sine wave of 6.62 μs. All these magnets are fed with special purpose current supply circuits.


Element sterilized diagnosis containing a chemical detection reagent components sensiblesa ionizing radiation, characterized in that the sterilized diagnostic element carries no mediator and sensitive components to radiation ionizanteestan respectively in functional form to a content> = 80%, especially up containing> = 90%, the total amount respectoa the respective component in the diagnosis element before sterilization, and that sensitive to ionizing radiation are loscomponentes enzyme and a coenzyme.


Theories of European integration do not adequately account for the role of culture in the shaping of the integration process. This paper develops a cultural theory of European integration drawing heavily on the works of Karl W. Deutsch, Alexis de Tocqueville, Max Weber and Michael Walzer. Deutsch alerts us to the need for a sense of community among integrating states. Tocqueville, Weber and Walzer suggest that 1) the keys to the present are found in the distant past, 2) religious ideas shape thought and action, 3) religion continues to shape culture long after religious zeal, or even belief fades, 4) cultures vary over time, between countries and within countries, and 5) culture is not the only variable that matters. We employ this methodology to derive propositions and testable hypotheses that help explain the religious divide in the European Union.


Supporting growth in problem solving is key to capacity development for both teachers and students. When teachers engage in rich academic conversations that inquire deeply into content and pedagogy, they have an opportunity to cultivate student capacity to engage in rich academic discourse, problem solving and mathematical learning. In this study, we examined an intensive professional development training intervention in which teacher participants learned to use and understand the Teaching Learning Community (TLC) approach, design and connect standards-based lessons, and nurture a mindset of learning and thinking like a problem solver among students and teachers alike. We further examined whether there were any differences in students' MAP test scores over time among students whose teachers participated in the intervention and students whose teachers did not participate. Findings from the Analysis of Variance of students' MAP test scores indicated that students whose teachers participated in the intervention demonstrated more growth in mathematical proficiency, particularly in Grade 3. Thus, implementing an intervention like the one described herein that provides the appropriate resources to teachers, education in the form of high-quality professional development, and an opportunity to collaborate with peers and experts can result in direct improvement to student achievement in math.


This paper investigates the influence of the absorptive capability of local firms in Guangdong and Fujian provinces and analyzes the spillovers effect from foreign-invested companies.We explore the relationships between such spillovers effect and absorptive capability of the local firms.And we also compare the spillover effect against the distinct background.A survey approach is adopted and the empirical analysis is conducted by drawing data from the local firms mentioned above.In relation to the participating firms' absorptive capability,the living effect,intelligence effect and cooperation effect are figured out as positive factors.What's more,the spillover effects are different in distinct industries,different regions and investments in RD.Finally,based on the discussion of the empirical research results is provided advice on relevant policies.


A central feature of New Public Management (NPM) was the disaggregation of organizations into smaller units. This article examines the ebbs and flows of organizational size in the UK public sector—from the rise of the 'small is beautiful' idea in the 1980s and 1990s to the current 'new big government'. This is not a simple cycle as the new big government differs in significant ways from the old—but there is clearly a cyclical element at play. Some proximate causes for the new wave of mergers given by policy-makers are explored.


The manufacturing information system is a man-made complicated system.In this paper,the Multi-Agent Based Modeling was chosen to study this system based on its complicated system characteristic.Moreover,the Swarm simulation software was used to establish the manufacturing information simulation system.The paper analyzes the result of the simulation system,which will give a short cut for study the complicated system.


1. CONTENTS
(1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study is to present countermeasures of site selection and to show the effect of each factors...


This report was prepared to aid mine owners, operators, and consulting engineers in the preparation and appraisal of mine permits. The report provides information about existing hydrologic conditions and sources of hydrologic information for Area 13 which is the Big Sandy River basin in the Appalachian Plateaus and the Ridge and Valley physiographic provinces. The principal streams of the basin are the Levisa Fork and Tug Fork which join to form the Big Sandy River, and Blaine Creek which is a tributary of the Big Sandy River. These streams drain northward to the Ohio River. Five major rock units underlie Area 13. The Connemaugh, Breathitt, and Lee Formations of Pennsylvanian age crop out over most of the area. Undifferentiated rocks of Mississippian and Devonian age and undifferentiated rocks of Silurian to Cambrian age are exposed in small outcrops in the southwestern and southeastern parts of Area 13. Most of the minable coal in Area 13 is in the Breathitt Formation. Water use in 1980 averaged about 58 million gallons per day in Area 13 and about 61 percent of this came from ground-water supplies. Industrial use accounted for about 39.9 million gallons per day or a little over two-thirds of the total use. Low-flow data show that medium to large streams rarely stop flowing and that streams draining primarily from the outcrop of the Lee Formation have greater low flows than streams draining from the outcorp of the Breathitt Formation. Floods are frequent, severe, and vary with drainage area, topography, and geology. Maximum dissolved solids concentrations may range from less than 100 milligrams per liter in streams draining undisturbed basins to as much as 13,600 milligrams per liter in streams draining disturbed basins. Most streams in Area 13 have nearneutral pH values of 7 to 8 units. In streams draining basins with extensive mining, the sulfate concentrations can be as much as 18 times greater than in streams draining undisturbed basins. Other dissolved constituents in streamflow, such as iron and manganese, vary with location. Most trace constituents do not occur in troublesome concentrations either in water or in bottom material of stream channels. Annual suspended-sediment yield data show a relation to the type of mining and to the percentage of the basin area disturbed by mining. Suspendedsediment yields where surface-mining predominates can be as much as 10 times greater than those where underground-mining prevail and as much as 100 times greater than those of an undisturbed basin. More than half of the suspended sediments in Area 13 are silts and clays. Ground water in Area 13 occurs mostly in fracture openings in bedrock. Yields usually range from less than 1 to 50 gallons per minute from wells 200 feet or less in depth. Yields up to 300 gallons per minute are known from fractured sandstones of the Lee Formation near the Russell Fork fault in Buchanan County, Virginia. Similar yields may be obtained in the vicinity of other major faults in Area 13. The quality of ground water in Area 13 varies considerably from place to place, but generally is acceptable for most uses with proper treatment. 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Objective Area 13 Report to Aid in Preparing and Appraising Mine Permit Applications Existing hydrologic conditions and identification of sources of hydrologic in forma tion are presen ted. A need for hydrologic information and analysis on a scale never before required nationally was initiated when the "Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977" was signed into law as Public Law 95-87, on August 3, 1977. This need is partially met by this report which broadly characterizes the hydrology of a large basin in the eastern coal area of Kentucky and the southwestern coal areas of Virginia and West Virginia (fig. 1.1-1). This report, which is for Area 13, is one of a series that covers the coal provinces nationwide. The report contains a brief text with an accompanying map, chart, graph, or other illustration for each of a number of waterresources related topics. The summation of the topical discussions provides a description of the hydrology of the area. The hydrologic information, presented and available through sources identified in this report, may be used in describing the hydrology of the general area of a proposed mine. However, it is expected that this hydrologic information will be supplemented by the lease applicant's specific site data, as well as data from other sources to provide a more detailed picture of the hydrology of the area in the vicinity of the mine and the anticipated hydrologic consequences of the mining operations. The information contained herein should be useful to mine owners, operators, and consulting engineers in the preparation of permits, and to regulatory authorities in appraising the adequacy of permit applications.


Abstract Due to the advantageous property of reduction of load friction, low wear and good damping characteristics, journal bearings are widely used in industry. They are equipping various rotating machineries like small electrical motors to large generators, internal combustion engines, centrifugal pumps, turbine shaft of most jet engines, crankshaft of an automobile engines, etc. In this paper, static and dynamic performances of ferrofluid (FF) lubricated long journal bearing are studied using rotational and translational approach of the journal. Here, FF is controlled by the transverse uniform magnetic field. The modified Reynolds equation is derived by considering FF flow behaviour given by Shliomis and continuity equation in the film region. The dimensionless expressions for load-carrying capacity, frictional force and coefficient of friction are studied for static case, while the dimensionless expressions for stiffness coefficients and damping coefficients are studied for dynamic case. It is observed that comparing with conventional lubricant the bearing performance is significantly modified in the present analysis.


The main aim of the paper is to monitor the micro- milling tool wearing process offline, by a microscopic tool measurement on one hand, and using high-frequency vibration measurement online, during the cutting process, on the other. Relations between the rake face wear stages and the measured online and offline parameters were determined applying an owndeveloped, artificial neural network based feature selection solution. As the main result, the experiment-based research appoints that the measured vibration variable component(s) which characterizes the key, three tool wearing phases, in the same way as the real rake face wearing stages occur, applying the waveform tool path


The article covers a multidimensional issue of social inequality. Most of sociological and philosophical studies concern informational, economic and gender inequality. However, for holistic understanding of the problem, it


Two studies investigated whether benevolent sexism is differentially applied based on a woman's race. Study 1 demonstrated that participants expressed more benevolent sexism to White females than Black females when given no other information besides race. Study 2 introduced positive (chaste) and negative (promiscuous) sexually subtyped behaviors in addition to female race. Under these conditions, participants directed more benevolent sexism at chaste Black women rather than chaste White women, consistent with shifting standards theory. Despite receiving more benevolent sexism, chaste Black women did not receive more positive evaluations overall. Across both studies, expressions of hostile sexism did not differ by race. Results suggest that race may function as a subtype to elicit benevolent sexism contingent on behavior. Black women who follow traditional gender norms may be overcompensated for their conformity with benevolent sexism, but not receive more positive benefits.


Installation works in the eighties and nineties became increasingly important as a medium for artists who wanted to assert a vivid, emotional experience. But if Kabakov is the master of what he has called "total installation", some of the younger installation artists have moved toward a deliberately less defined expressive character in their work; these installations are both more diffuse in personality and experientially open-ended, in a post-modern sense. Despite the loaded subject matter evoked by Christian Boltanski, for example, his own character is less delineated and less clearly set into the foreground of his work.


Pedestrian safety has been a major concern for megacities such as New York City. Although pedestrian fatalities show a downward trend, these fatalities constitute a high percentage of overall traffic fatalities in the city. Data from New York City were used to study the factors that influence the frequency of pedestrian crashes. Specifically, a random parameter, negative binomial model was developed for predicting pedestrian crash frequencies at the census tract level. This approach allows the incorporation of unobserved heterogeneity across the spatial zones in the modeling process. The influences of a comprehensive set of variables describing the sociodemographic and built-environment characteristics on pedestrian crashes are reported. Several parameters in the model were found to be random, which indicates their heterogeneous influence on the numbers of pedestrian crashes. Overall, these findings can help frame better policies to improve pedestrian safety.


Ultrathin sections of rapidly frozen, briefly pre‐treated muscle tissue are cut and thereafter are thawed and contrasted using a negative staining technique. The method has provided micrographs in which the in‐vivo order in the muscle fibres has been preserved well enough to enable both a more complete interpretation of X‐ray diffraction evidence from muscle, and also a gain of new ultrastructural information on aspects of myofibril and myofilament architecture in different types of fibre. Examples here are taken from chicken, rabbit and fish muscles and show both the M‐band and the bridge region of the A‐band in great detail. To enhance the detail in the original images, one‐dimensional (1‐D) and 2‐D averaging techniques (lateral smearing and step averaging, respectively) are used. Although there is major shrinkage in section thickness to about one‐third of its original value, demonstrated here for the first time is the fact that the characteristic A‐band lattice planes are preserved in these sections in 3‐D. This confirms the usefulness of cryosections not just for 1‐D and 2‐D image processing, but also for 3‐D reconstruction. Thus, in combination with techniques of image processing, cryoultramicrotomy can give the muscle morphologist the detailed data that are needed to match the molecular biologists, biochemists and immunologists in the interpretation of their data about physiological and pathophysiological events in muscle fibres at the macromolecular level.


Image quality is improved in an electronic reading device (300, 400), such as an electronic book using a bi-stable electrophoretic display, by providing a frame (622, 922, 932) around a sub-picture (620, 920, 930) when a visual characteristic such as greyscale or color level of the sub-picture differs from that of the background by more than a threshold amount due to drift in the background, e.g., from black to dark grey, or from white to light grey. The frame masks the appearance of the drift in the background by separating, e.g., a light grey background (610, 910) from a white sub-picture (620, 920, 930) using a black frame (622, 922, 932). A dictionary application is provided where typed in letters (B, a) and a corresponding image (934) are provided in respective sub-picture (620, 920, 930).


The rapid development of computers and associated software during the last thirty years has led to the expansion (emergence) of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Geographical information systems (GIS) are computer-based systems designed specifically to facilitate the digital storage, retrieval, and analysis of spatially-referenced environmental data. Coupled with ecological modelling, GIS can provide significantly increased opportunities for detailed environmental resource inventory and analysis and show considerate promise for extensive use in nature conservation. The paper introduces these two concepts and discusses the role of GIS-based modelling in nature conservation focusing on the predictive models for species occurrence, plant community occurrence and habitat suitability. The importance of Digital Elevation Models and their derived properties in these ecological studies is explained. Emphasis is placed on empirical or inductive modelling based on field observations. The generic steps of empirical modelling are described and demonstrated by a case study in Lefka Ori, Crete, Greece. Tools such as fuzzy mapping and geostatistics have a potential role to play in improving the level of information and therefore in the understanding of species and plant community distribution.


The demonstration of the presence of gas hydrates is a major finding of deep-water oceanic drilling. There is now no doubt that gas hydrates occur in the upper layers of sea floor sediments over considerable areas. Although hydrates have been observed directly in cores only in two regions (on the continental slope of the Central American Trench in the Pacific and on the Blake Outer Ridge in the Atlantic), the known and indicated occurrences of gas hydrates point to certain regularities. First, the hydrates are associated with continental slopes, where the combination of favorable thermobaric conditions and comparatively high contents of organic matter favors the biogenic generation of methane. Second, the hydrates do not completely fill the pore space in all beds within this zone, but appear to be under some lithologic control: larger amounts of hydrates occur in relatively coarse-grained beds such as tuffaceous and sandy horizons. In this paper, the authors point out analogies between ground ice on the continents and hydrate zones in marine sediments. 14 references.


Mental health is the important precondition for healthy growth of college students,but in our country,college students has become the disadvantaged groups in mental health.This paper focus on the phenomena of college students' psychological problems,and study in the present situation and reasons,on the basis,the author puts forward some constructive suggestions and countermeasures.


This course covers interactive techniques associated with the use of an eye tracker, an input device delivering real-time coordinates of the user's gaze. While eye tracking technology is itself not new and eye trackers have been successfully incorporated in virtual environments (mainly by the military) over 20 years ago, eye trackers have not been easily accessible to the general graphics community. Moreover, eye trackers have traditionally been considered "unwieldy". Currently available off-the-shelf video eye trackers have greatly improved in their accuracy and ease of use and integration. Interest in the use of eye tracking devices is currently re-surging, as the devices are being applied in areas of interface usability studies, training simulators, and as interaction devices.


Although NK cells are promising candidates for adoptive immunotherapy and at least one permanent cell line is in clinical trials, further studies evaluating efficacy and mechanisms of action are warranted. As a first step towards identifying the most potent effector cells, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of cytotoxicity of the three natural killer lines, KHYG-1, NK-92 and YT, and the NK-T cell line, SNT-8, under standardized culture conditions with human serum as the only serum source. We confirmed the previously established differential killing potential of the 4 cell lines against target K562 cells using a new method based on detecting Annexin V (+) target cells by flow cytometry. By labeling the NK cells with specific antibodies, the assay is designed to screen any target cell for NK cytotoxicity. In contrast to previous reports, we found KHYG-1 the most cytotoxic, followed by NK-92, SNT-8 and YT. Genotypic and transcriptional phenotypic analysis of the cell lines for killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) by SSP-PCR showed that inhibitory KIRs outnumbered activating KIRs in all cases but did not explain the differential cytotoxicity. A correlation with cytotoxicity was found with expression of the activating type II C lectin-like receptor, NKG2D: KHYG-1, 99%+; NK-92, 91%+; SNT-8, 6%+ and YT, 2%+. Moreover, the ITAM-bearing adaptor molecule DAP12, involved in the alternative activation signaling pathway via NKG2C-CD94 and activating KIRs, was detected only for KHYG-1 by immunoblotting, These data suggest that the superior cytotoxicity of KHYG-1 may be due, in part, to the additional activation of this alternative pathway that is not triggered in the other lines. The downstream signaling molecules involved in NK cytotoxicity, including the tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1, SHP-2 and SHIP-1 (inhibitory), as well as SHIP-2, the tyrosine kinases ZAP-70, Syk, PI3K and the MAP kinase phospho-ERK-2 (activating) were compared among the lines by immunoblotting followed by densitometry normalized to b-actin or ERK-2 for phospho-ERK-2. We found that the activating kinase Syk was expressed only in NK-92 and KHYG-1 at even higher levels. Also, phospho-ERK-2, was hyperphosphorylated only in KHYG-1. Perforin, granzyme A and granzyme B, present in cytotoxic granules, were compared by RT-PCR and intracellular flow cytometry and/or immunoblotting. Perforin was found to be almost exclusively fully processed to the active 60 kD form only in KHYG-1, in contrast to the other lines, which displayed approximately half the levels of the active form. These data provide a further explanation for the superior cytotoxicity of KHYG-1 and demonstrate the value of comparing cell lines with diverse cytotoxic potential as a means of elucidating cell killing mechanisms. It is conceivable that targeted modifications to the signaling pathways for cytotoxicity in this model will lead to the generation of activated NK cells with even greater efficacy.


A method for classifying input to a multi-touch sensitive digitizer obtained from a body part as input that is invalid for user interaction and input that is valid for user interaction, identifying multiple discrete regions of input to the digitizer sensor Determining a spatial relationship between at least two of the regions, and determining one of the at least two regions based on the spatial relationship determined between the at least two regions, Categorizing as either a valid input area or an invalid input area. [Selection] Figure 3


Introduction: Kidney stone prevalence estimates vary depending on sampling methodology. We compared rates of patient-reported kidney stone disease to Electronic Health Records (EHR) kidney stone diagnosis using a common dataset to evaluate for socio-demographic differences in these populations, including between those with and without active care for kidney stones. Methods: From the All of Us research database, we identified 21,687 adult participants with both patient-reported medical history and EHR data. We extracted patient-reported kidney stone history and medical encounters for kidney stones from EHR. We compared differences in age, sex, race, education, employment status and healthcare access between patients with self-reported kidney stone history without EHR data to those with EHR-based diagnoses. Results: In this population, the self-reported prevalence of kidney stones was 8.6% overall (n=1877), including 4.6% (n=1004) who had self-reported diagnoses but no EHR data. Among those with self-reported kidney stone diagnoses only, the median age was 66, 43% were male, and 92% were Non-Hispanic Whites, compared 120,623 (53.9%) in the entire All of Us cohort. The EHR-based prevalence of kidney stones was 5.7% (n=1231), median age 67, of whom 45% were male and 92% were Non-Hispanic White. No differences were observed in age, sex, education, employment status, rural/urban status, or ability to afford healthcare between groups with EHR diagnosis or self-reported diagnosis only. Of patients who had a self-reported history of kidney stones, 24% reported actively seeing a provider for kidney stones. Conclusions: Kidney stone prevalence by self-report is higher than EHR-based prevalence in this national dataset. Using either method alone to estimate kidney stone prevalence may exclude some patients with the condition, although the demographic profile of both groups is similar. Approximately one in four patients report actively seeing a provider for stone disease.


Aerobic mesophilic sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria were tested for their ability to utilize a variety of natural and commercial polymetal sulfides as energy sources at near neutral pH. Substantial fixation of 14CO2 by natural microbial populations covering polymetal sulfide deposits was observed in in situ experiments conducted from DSV ALVIN at the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vent sites at a depth of 3600 m. In shipboard experiments, similar rates were measured with natural populations on intact or pulverized sulfide minerals. In laboratory experiments with four vent isolates, the rate of 14CO2 incorporation depended on the particular strain and the type of polymetal sulfide substrate used. Vent sample material rich in chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) resulted in higher activities than on sphalerite (ZnS), galena (PbS), or chalcocite (CuS2) alone. Growth on polymetal sulfides, determined as protein, and I4CO2 fixation by strain MA‐3 (the most active of four isolates) were in the range of 5–10% of the corresponding va...


Although it is accepted that the seatbelt is the most economic device that can be used to improve the chances of surviving an accident, almost half the new cars produced today cannot be fitted with a legal inertia-reel rear seatbelt. The article discusses the effect of EEC legislation requiring inertia-reel seatbelts to be of a dual-sensitive design. As it is often not possible to mount the reel and motion-sensing device in a horizontal position, rear seatbelts must be purpose-designed for each car. It is argued that webbing-sensitive types of seatbelt lock too easily and this discourages their use. Details are given of a survey of the major car builders and sellers within the UK showing which type of car has rear-seat inertia-reel seatbelts available and their approximate cost. (TRRL)


FIELD: transport, distribution. SUBSTANCE: set of inventions relates to drinks dispensing system. Micro ingredients mixing chamber comprises water channel, several holes for micro ingredients directed toward said water channel, valve arranged between said holes and water channel and micro ingredients carrier. Said carrier is arranged between aforesaid holes and water channel to transfer micro ingredients via valve and into water channel. Invention covers also the dispenser. EFFECT: higher quality of mixing. 20 cl, 29 dwg


Abstract : The object of this program to determine the effect of special treatment with 'Dri-Film' upon the flow rate and other characteristics of a finely divided iron powder.


This study focuses on the Chinese New Year festival and attempts to examine the influence of experiential marketing mix on impulse buying behavior in different food-related lifestyle (FRL) consumer segments. The respondents were contacted in the most famous New Year's holiday shopping streets by questionnaire. Finally, 743 valid questionnaires were returned. The logistic regression results indicate that educational experience, entertainment experience, and esthetic experience positively affect the impulse buying of traditional and information FRL consumers. Meanwhile, educational experience, entertainment experience, esthetic experience, and escapist experience positively affect the impulse buying of quality and health FRL consumers. People who sell New Year's goods should provide information about Chinese New Year's culture or provide entertainment to create an attractive atmosphere. Different types of FRL consumer have different reactions to various experiential marketing mixes; thus, stall owners should develop different experiential marketing strategies for different FRL consumers. Finally, personnel play a significant role in creating impulse purchasing behavior. Therefore, stall owners should consider the personal characteristics of the staff they hire so that they can create the type of experience that they are aiming for.


Brazil: Anthropological Perspectives. Essays in Honor of Charles Wagley. Maxine L. Margolis and William E. Carter, Eds. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1979. Glossary. Index. Pp. 443. $20.00), presents nineteen well chosen excellent original essays contributed by colleagues and/or former students of Charles Wagley, a foremost North American anthropologist and Brazilianist. The work contains a succinct and insightful introduction by Wagley dealing with Brazilian national identity. He points out the special pride Brazilians take in their accomplishments and how anthropologists have helped Brazilians discover themselves.


Freshwater wetlands have sharply decreased in Western and Central Europe and are now among the more threatened ecosystems. In order to reverse this trend, wetland restoration is applied at an ever-increasing scale. One, rather drastic, option is to recreate wetlands by rewetting former agricultural grounds. However, this strategy does not always lead to the desired target vegetation types. There are several bottle necks which might cause this discrepancy: impoverished seed banks, insufficient propagule dispersal, problems with establishment of seedlings. In this paper I will explore these constraints. I will examine possible solutions and try to formulate realistic goals.


The estimation of ambiguity in the global navigation satellite system/inertial navigation system (GNSS/INS) tightly coupled system is a key issue for GNSS/INS precise navigation positioning. Only when the ambiguity is solved correctly can the integrated navigation system obtain high-precision positioning results. Aiming at the problem of ambiguity parameter estimation in GNSS/INS tightly coupled system, a new strategy for ambiguity parameter estimation and elimination is proposed in this paper. Here, the ambiguity parameter is first added to the state equations of GNSS/INS in the estimation process. Then, the strategy of eliminating the parameter is used to improve efficiency. A residual test is carried out based on introducing the ambiguity parameter, thereby reducing or avoiding its influence on the filtering estimation process. Two groups of experiments were carried out and compared with GNSS positioning results. The results showed that, in the open sky observation environment, the positioning accuracy of the GNSS/INS tightly coupled method proposed in this paper was within 5 cm, and the ambiguity fixed rate was more than 97%, which is basically consistent. In a GNSS-denied environment, the positioning accuracy of the GNSS/INS tightly coupled method proposed in this paper was obviously better than that of GNSS, and the positioning accuracy in X, Y, and Z directions was improved by 82.46%, 78.87%, and 79.67%, respectively. The fixed rate of ambiguity increased from 73% to 78.57%. Therefore, in a GNSS-challenged environment, the novel strategy of the GNSS/INS tightly coupled system has higher ambiguity fixed rate and significantly improves positioning accuracy and continuity.


Interactive segmentation reduces the annotation time of medical images and allows annotators to iteratively refine labels with corrective interactions, such as clicks. While existing interactive models transform clicks into user guidance signals, which are combined with images to form (image, guidance) pairs, the question of how to best represent the guidance has not been fully explored. To address this, we conduct a comparative study of existing guidance signals by training interactive models with different signals and parameter settings to identify crucial parameters for the model's design. Based on our findings, we design a guidance signal that retains the benefits of other signals while addressing their limitations. We propose an adaptive Gaussian heatmaps guidance signal that utilizes the geodesic distance transform to dynamically adapt the radius of each heatmap when encoding clicks. We conduct our study on the MSD Spleen and the AutoPET datasets to explore the segmentation of both anatomy (spleen) and pathology (tumor lesions). Our results show that choosing the guidance signal is crucial for interactive segmentation as we improve the performance by 14% Dice with our adaptive heatmaps on the challenging AutoPET dataset when compared to non-interactive models. This brings interactive models one step closer to deployment on clinical workflows. We will make our code publically available.


AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionThe Essential Elements of Universal Health Care VouchersEconomics of Universal Health Care VouchersComparing Universal Health Care Vouchers with Individual Mandates and Single-Payer PlansWhat Would the Health Care Experience be Like Under a Universal Voucher System?REFERENCES


: Today, the era of "Internet Plus" has brought great overturns to exhibition marketing, e.g. the change of exhibition form, the improvement of audience participation, digital market insight, the trend of online and offline integration and the influence of social media. This paper mainly discusses the connotation of exhibition marketing, explores the current status and problems of online exhibition marketing, and finally proposes the optimization path of exhibition marketing strategies under the background of "Internet Plus".


Librarians play an indispensable part in the communication of culture. By opening with such a sweeping statement, commonsensical as it may seem to this audience, I wish to focus not only on what comes readily to mind, such as the promotion of fiction in public libraries. That is important, and I will return to this point later. But culture is of course also science, and includes research within technology, natural sciences and social studies.


In this paper, we use the exponential expansion of the wave functions with the variational basis set type exp(-anR-bnr1-g r2)  for the systematic calculation of non-relativistic bound state energy hydrogen molecular ion HT+. We perform calculations for the state with the total orbital angular momentum L = 0 and 1 with a full set of vibrational quantum numbers v = 0 – 23. And calculate the coefficients for the effective Hamiltonian and hyperfine splitting of the ro-vibrational levels of the hydrogen molecular ion HT+.


In this paper I analyse how individuals match for for the purpose of setting up a new firm. As a theoretical basis I use the O-ring theory introduced by Kremer (1993) and applied to new firms by Fabel (2004). The O-ring theory predicts that individuals segregate between firms according to their level of ability. Further, the theory implies that a higher average ability level within firms is positively related to both the number of individuals and capital per head. Using a rich employer-employee data set on the whole population of Danish firms founded in 1998 most of the predictions of the O-ring theory are rejected. I find that individuals do not match with individuals with the same level of ability. Furthermore, ability and firm size turn out to be negatively correlated. There is only some support for the hypothesis concerning the positive relationship between ability and capital per head.


Objective This review aimed to identify English‐language instruments used to assess quality in community pharmacy and to evaluate their reported validity, reliability, feasibility and acceptability. Method A systematic review was conducted to identify literature relating to the use of instruments to assess quality in community pharmacy. The electronic databases searched included Embase, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Medline, e‐PIC and Pharmline, covering the period of time between January 1990 and March 2007. Reference lists of identified studies and websites of pharmacy bodies were also searched.


Arginine uptake by mitochondria is important since it is an allosteric effector of N-acetylglutamate synthetase (N-AGS). N-AGS controls the production of carbamyl phosphate, the first step in the urea cycle.' Freedland et al. have demonstrated the inhibitory effect of lysine and ornithine on arginine uptake in rat liver mitochondria while Cheung and Raijman have shown that ornithine may be the limiting substrate for ornithine transcarbamylase activity.23 The advantage of the proximity of arginase to the mitochondrial membrane may thus lie in the important role it plays in controlling the urea cycle by providing ornithine. Attempts to find carbamyl phosphate synthetase in the brain, however, have been unsuccessful. Because arginine can control the modified urea cycle in the brain and because of its demonstrated ability to partially protect brain mitochondria from the effects of classical uncoupling agents, a series of experiments were carried out to gain some insight into the transport characteristics of this amino acid? Mitochondria were isolated from the brains of 200-400-g male rats according to the method of Clark and Nicklas? The penetration of metabolites into coupled mitochondria (determined by oxygen electrode measurements using the terminology of Chance and Williams6) was estimated at room temperature by monitoring absorbance changes s t 550 nm using an Aminco-Chance spectrophotometer. Exogenous respiration was initiated by the addition of pyruvate (1 mM) and malate (2.5 mM). This was followed by the addition of Lor D-arginine. Uncouplers, ionophores, or other reagents were added at the appropriate times for some experiments. All reagents were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. Ficoll was dialized for 48 hours against distilled water before use. The first question asked was whether arginine was taken up by mitochondria. FIGURE 1 shows the results of a typical experiment showing that pyruvate-malate entered the mitochondrial matrix in a brief period of time. When Lor D-arginine was added, the observed swelling resulting from L-arginine was always greater than that resulting from the addition of D-arginine. In either case, the addition of ADP after arginine always resulted in swelling. Since L-arginine has been shown to partially protect brain mitochondria from the effects of classical uncouplers, the second question raised was whether mitochondria incubated with either dinitrophenol (DNP) or m-chlorocarbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone (CCCP) would show altered transport of arginine. Our results indicate that the transport of Land D-arginine were decreased in the presence of un coupling agents. The addition of DNP or CCCP after arginine, however, appeared to increase the rate of penetration. To see whether arginine uptake was influenced by the membrane potential, mitochondria were incubated in the presence of valinomycin (1 mg/ml). When L-


Here, a new method for enhancing the photoelectrochemical properties of carbon nitride thin films by in situ supramolecular‐driven preorganization of phenyl‐contained monomers in molten sulfur is reported. A detailed analysis of the chemical and photophysical properties suggests that the molten sulfur can texture the growth and induce more effective integration of phenyl groups into the carbon nitride electrodes, resulting in extended light absorption alongside with improved conductivity and better charge transfer. Furthermore, photophysical measurements indicate the formation of sub‐bands in the optical bandgap which is beneficial for exciton splitting. Moreover, the new bands can mediate hole transfer to the electrolyte, thus improving the photooxidation activity. The utilization of high temperature solvent as the polymerization medium opens new opportunities for the significant improvement of carbon nitride films toward an efficient photoactive material for various applications.


Pigment was extracted from red parts of the skin,caudal fin and scale of Cyprinus carpio L.by the organic solvent immersion.The effects of 12 kinds of positive ions on the stability of the pigment were also studied.The results showed that the pigment in Cyprinus carpio L.was conserved when it exposed to Fe2+ and Cr3+,and the order of pigment conserved was Fe2+Cr3+.But the pigment was seriously destroyed when it exposed to Fe3+,Cu2+,Al3+,Mg2+,NH4+,Hg2+ and Ca2+,and the order of pigment destroyed was Fe3+Cu2+Al3+Mg2+NH4+Hg2+Ca2+.Mn2+,K+ and Na+ hadn't effect on stability of pigment.Effects of positive ions on stability of pigment in Cyprinus carpio L.differed from ions'concentration and treated time.


Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are at increased risk of developing thromboembolic complications. We report here a rare case of left ventricle thrombus in a young woman with ulcerative colitis. We discuss the pathophysiology of hypercoagulable state in IBD, and briefly address current prophylactic anticoagulation recommendations.


Objective To explore the effect of locking T-plate therapy for the distal radius fractures displacement after manual reposition.Method Tweenty-two patients with distal radius fractures displacement after manual reposition received the treatment of locking T-plate interior fixation.Results All 22 cases were followed up,lasted average 13.5 months(3-24 months),according to the situation of fracture healing and wrist joint function,and the effects were evaluated by improved Mcbride wrist function standards,with an excellent or good rate of 90.9%.Conclusion Locking T-plate interior fixation in treating distal radius fractures displacement after manual reposition is reliable,which can relieve patient's pain,ensure fractures primary healing,and make wrist joints recovered perfectly.


Severe natural phenomena such as hurricane, volcano, blizzard, flood and drought have the potential to cause immeasurable property damages, great socioeconomic impact, and tragic loss of human life. From searching to assessing the Big, i.e., massive and heterogeneous scientific data (particularly, satellite and model products) in order to investigate those natural hazards, it has, however, become a daunting task for Earth scientists and applications researchers, especially during recent decades. The NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Service Center (GES DISC) has served Big Earth science data, and the pertinent valuable information and services to the aforementioned users of diverse communities for years. In order to help and guide our users to online readily (i.e., with a minimum effort) acquire their requested data from our enormous resource at GES DISC for studying their targeted hazard event, we have thus initiated a Bundle Data approach in 2014, first targeting the hurricane event topic. We have recently worked on new topics such as volcano and blizzard. The bundle data of a specific hazard event is basically a sophisticated integrated data package consisting of a series of proper datasets containing a group of relevant (knowledge--based) data variables readily accessible to users via a system-prearranged table linking those data variables to the proper datasets (URLs). This online approach has been developed by utilizing a few existing data services such as Mirador as search engine; Giovanni for visualization; and OPeNDAP for data access, etc. The online Data Cookbook site at GES DISC is the current host for the bundle data. We are now also planning on developing an Automated Virtual Collection Framework that shall eventually accommodate the bundle data, as well as further improve our management in Big Data.


Why do human beings show such a strong preference for thinking in narratives? From a computational perspective, this method of generating inferences appears to be exorbitantly waste- ful. Using students' responses to the fairy tale of Little Red Riding Hood, I argue that narrative comprehension requires the construction of idiosyncratic imagery, but that the cognitive yield is structural and shared. This peculiar method of information processing, I suggest, is the outcome of evolutionary path-dependence. The narrative mode of construal is an expert system taking its input from the display of conscious experience, but producing results that are largely unconscious. Drawing on examples from rhesus play, I argue that the core features of narrative thinking have biological roots in strategy formation. Finally, I return to the fairy tale to illustrate the operation of a series of peculiar design features characteristic of human narrative thinking.


With the study reported on here we aimed to explore the relationship between situational determinants of teachers' perceptions of organisational politics in some public high schools in the KwaZulu-Natal province. We adopted a cross-regional survey design and convenience sampling to study teachers (n = 301) at public high schools in all 10 districts in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. We found that perceived organisational politics had a positive relationship to job satisfaction. Analyses of correlational and stepwise regression showed numerous significant relations between the perceptions of organisational politics and job satisfaction variables. The results of the study can be used by the Department of Basic Education to improve South African provincial school management practices for the development and retention of experienced and valuable educators.


1AMIE Scholar 2AMIE Supervisor 3Assistant Professor ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract In power system, power quality is one of the important aspects as power quality problems are occurred due to occurrence of voltage swell, voltage Sag, transient, harmonics distortion, etc. in the transmission line. Out of these, voltage swell has less predominantly occurred and creates severe impact on transmission line and sensitive devices connected to it. By IEEE 1159 Voltage swell is an increase in RMS voltage level from 110% to 180% of nominal voltage at power frequency for the duration of 1/2 cycle to 1 minute [1][2]. The voltage swell is occurred due to de energizing of large heavy loads, switching off load, lightening strokes, etc. The occurrence of voltage swell is very low but when it is occurred it creates severe impact on transmission line and connected devices. Hence it is necessary to mitigate or compensate the voltage swell to improve power quality of transmission line. The compensation of voltage swell is done by using FACTS devices like DVR In this paper, the analysis of 400v transmission line with including DVR is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK software, which shows the voltage swell is compensated and voltage profile has been improved.


Aim of this study is to determine the student's view on failure reasons in piano education and to make assessments by the help of the obtained data. In this article student's view about some basic factors that effect success in piano education has been reviewed and evaluated. In this study applied by the 25 questioned scale developed by the author it has been studied with piano students taking piano class in own semester and repeat semester. Into the study some comparisons have been made about graduated high school of the sample group. In this application process in which it's studied to determine the student approaches about possible failure reasons, frequency and percent measuring for the answers, factor and reliability analysis for the scale and Mann Whitney U test for the graduated high school comparisons has been made. Data obtained from the application has evaluated and some opinions have been asserted.


This thesis presents the application of an action module planning methodology and a simplified cartesian computed torque (SCCT) control scheme to an experimental climbing robot named LIBRA. The action module planning method is based on physically realizable actions by the robot, called action modules, which placed in the correct sequence will produce a plan for successful execution of a given task. A genetic algorithm based search technique is used to find a plan with the correct sequence of action modules such that the task is executed without the violation of any physical constraints of the robot. The SCCT controller is developed, based on some assumptions associated with highly geared mobile robots, for the control of these systems in unknown or partially known environments. These assumptions are validated through both simulation and experimental results using the LIBRA robot. The SCCT control scheme is shown to have improved performance, over traditional Jacobian transpose control, for the LIBRA multi-limbed robot. Finally, the action module planning methodology and SCCT control scheme are applied to the experimental climbing robot. The results obtained from this study suggest that the planning and control methods allow robots to function and execute tasks in difficult environments. Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Steven Dubowsky Professor of Mechanical Engineering


Abstract : Our Phase I work demonstrated the feasibility of a mobile LIBS system for the detection of biological agents. This is a very demanding application, in part because of the need to detect threat particles in the presence of a much larger number of benign particles. We believe that the best solution to this problem lies in particle beam focusing technology developed at Aerodyne Research for use in other aerosol analysis devices, most notably a commercially successful aerosol mass spectrometer. Using this aerodynamic lens technology, a large fraction of the total particles sampled can be brought to the focal point of a LIBS excitation laser. Therefore, our goal in Phase I was to demonstrate the feasibility of an aerosol particle sampling/microchip laser LIBS system for biological agent detection. The microchip laser is currently the only LIBS-capable laser that can operate at the kHz repetition rates needed for detection of trace fractions of particles in a reasonable amount of time. Other advantages of microchip lasers include small size, rugged construction, low power consumption and, most importantly, the ability to be triggered. Key issues addressed in Phase I work were the choice of spectral detection regions, an assessment of the microchip laser power requirements, and a demonstration of the use of aerodynamic focusing and laser triggering to enhance sensitivity.


In order to meet the market demand and to increase the investment return rate of the project,the original 400×2 kt/a TSP plant is converted to a 600×2 kt/a DAP plant by the Wengfu phosphate fertilizer factory,therefore the product handling system shall be revamped to match the new plant.The adopted technical revamp measures,as to bagging capacity,online bagging flexibility and product quality,are introduced.With operation practice,the matched technical revamp for converted product handling system has been proved to be successful.


A new method for regiospecific C–C coupling of terminal alkenes based on a sulphonylation–alkylation–desulphinylation process, mediated through allylic sulphinic acids, and its application to the conversion of limonene into E- and Z-α-bisabolenes, are described.


XML has become a defacto standard for storing, sharing and exchanging information across heterogeneous platforms. The XML content is growing day by day in rapid pace. Enterprises need to make queries on XML databases frequently. As huge XML data is available, it is challenging task to extract required data from XML database. It is computationally expensive to answer queries without any support. Towards this, in this paper we present a technique known as Tree-based Association Rules (TARs) mined rules that provide required information on structure and content of XML file and the TARs are also stored in XML format. The mined knowledge (TARs) used later for XML query answering support. This enables quick and accurate answering. We also developed a prototype application to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed system. The empirical results are very positive and query answering is expected to be useful in real time applications.


The article analyzes the results of graphical derivation being a phenomenon of non-alphabetical symbol semiogenesis (logograms and/or hieroglyphics) in modern Russian writing. Investigation is mainly made on the basis of written data of business style in Russian language and it reflects grammatological perspectives in modern writing activity.


. The article discusses the features of socio-economic development of large cities of Azerbaijan, in particular, the city of Baku. A historical excursion was made on the formation of Baku as a large agglomerate of industrial enterprises, universities, cultural development centers, housing estates, religious institutions. The features of the formation of the modern socio-economic situation of Baku as the capital and one of the leading cultural, historical and economic centers of the region are noted. A comparative analysis of the development of cities, both in the country and in other countries, in particular in Europe, is made. Conclusions are drawn about the features of socio-economic development and related spiritual, moral and cultural problems. The necessity of taking into account the interdependence of subsystems in the development of the city, including those related to the creation of new jobs, enterprises and organizations, infrastructure, etc., is noted. Baku is a com-plex self-organizing system that requires a special approach, forecasting in development and evaluating this development. A more rational use of the potential of cultural, educational and scientific institutions is needed. An important area of work is improving the infrastructure and updating the historical image of the city center. The development of the city is directly related to the general level of economic development of the country as a whole.


The historical analysis of the Brazilian urban reality, observed from the point of view of the inhabitating policies adopted from the corresponding period of the Vargas government to Collor government, demonstrates that the logic of the private appropriation, therefore the logic of the profit, has guided the action of the State. The Financial System of Habitation/ National Bank of Habitation (SFH/BNH) has been the main example of this logic, that was undoubtedly the most important applied inhabitating program in Brazil


Abstract The leaf essential oils of Juniperus centrasiatica Kom., J. jarkendensis Kom., J. pseudosabina Fisch., Mey. & Ave-Lall., J. sahina L., and J. turkestanica Kom. have been analyzed by GC/MS. The oils were very similar and were dominated by α-pinene, sabinene and cedrol with moderate amounts of limonene, terpinen-4-ol and elemol. On the basis of the oils and morphological observations, it is concluded that J. centrasiatica, and J. turkestanica is conspecific with J. pseudosabina. Comparisons were made with the leaf oil of a shrub form of Juniperus indica Bertol from Nepal. Juniperus indica (shrub form) from Nepal was found to be very distinct from J. centrasiatica, J. pseudosabina and J. turkestanica. In addition, J. jarkendensis oil was found to be very similar to J. sabina oil (Tian Shan Mtns. China).


This article is an English translation of the work cited in 46: 3092. The authors review the conclusions of Pivovarov (see 44: Title 3118) concerning the nature of the urbanization process and optimal city size in the USSR. The relationship between urbanization and the characteristics of a given socioeconomic system is examined, and the possibility of determining optimal size for cities of different functional types is evaluated


This research study is aimed at describing the teaching of English using story book reading to the fifth year students of SDN 5 Boyolali, and the problems faced by teacher in implementing the technique.
This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The researcher collects the data by observing English class and conducting in depth interview with the teacher and students of SDN 5 Boyolali. The data include field notes and interview transcript.
 The result of the research shows that; the first, in teaching English using story book reading, the teacher always gives exercises or activities guided by the teacher. The activity is divided into three stages, namely pre-activity, whilst-activity, and post-activity. The second, the problems faced by teacher in using story book reading are; a) The teacher sometimes does not master the target language perfectly, b) The teacher gets difficulties to provide some different interesting activities in real situation in the classroom, c) The teacher needs more energy and time to teach, d) The teacher is difficult to manage the students in the class, and e) He spends much money to get the material like story book. The third, the students said that they enjoy and are interested in story book reading. They can improve the vocabulary from the story, easily memorize the material, play and learn the English lesson at once, practice reading, writing, and also speaking well. Finally, the researcher concludes that SDN 5 Boyolali is one of the schools that implements story book reading in teaching English. By using story book reading, the teacher of SDN 5 Boyolali gets better teaching learning process. Thus the material can be delivered maximally.


100-Gb/s PAM4 optical links based on cascaded silicon modulators and DSP-based receivers are comprehensively modeled. Simulation results highlight the impact of key impairments such as MPI, RIN, passive loss, and receiver noise.


The solution structure of the wild-type A box of rat HMG1 has been determined by
heteronuclear three-dimensional NMR and molecular modelling. This structure adopts a "L" shape
structure globaly similar to that described for a mutant A box and other HMG boxes. However the
wild-type A box contains two Cys residues which could form intramolecular bridge in an
oxidative environment. This should be into competition with a contribution of the thiol groups in
the binding ofHMG proteins to cisplatin-modified DNA.


This study deals with a fundamental problem of medical law, which has increasingly moved into political focus since Germanwings flight 4U9525 crashed in 2015: the necessity and possibility of and the criteria for breaching medical and psychotherapeutic confidentiality. The Germanwings tragedy reinforced demands for the possible relaxation of the legal provisions regarding breaches of medical and psychotherapeutic confidentiality, justifying new examination of the legal framework in this regard and the possible need for reform.
The work is organised into five sections. In the introductory section, the need for reform of the legal provisions regarding medical and psychotherapeutic confidentiality in safety-related areas is discussed, with the author taking into account the complexity of relaxing the law on breaches of confidentiality. The second part is a comprehensive study of the legal framework of the current state of research, taking into consideration medical ethics. This section focuses on the norm of § 203 of the StGB (Germany's penal code) and its parameters. By examining the crash of the Germanwings flight in 2015 and its legal consequences, the study identifies a significant need for reform of the legal provisions regarding medical and psychotherapeutic confidentiality in its third section. What follows is an empirical study, including interviews with experts in the fields of psychotherapy and medicine. In the following section, a legislative proposal is developed from these results. Considering constitutional aspects, the author examines the proposal extensively, focusing especially on art. 2, section 1 in conjunction with art. 1, section 1 of Germany's constitution, and also taking into account medical ethics. The fifth section demonstrates the relevance of the entire topic with reference to several events that occurred during the course of the author's doctoral studies. Finally, the study concludes with a brief outlook for possible developments relating to this complex issue.


The gas-phase pyrolysis reactions of iminoethers (Ⅱ), 2-alkoxypyridines (Ⅲ), 2-N-alkylated pyridones (Ⅳ) and N-alkylated acetamides (Ⅴ) have been studied MO theoretically with the AM1 method. The decomposition of these compounds proceeds by a concerted retro-ene process through a six-membered cyclic transition state. The reactivity decreases in the order (Ⅱ) > (Ⅲ) > (Ⅳ) > (Ⅴ), with a greater reactivity for the imine series, (Ⅱ) and (Ⅲ), compared to the amide series, (Ⅳ) and (Ⅴ), and a difference in basicity between the N and O atoms. Within a given series, however, the reactivity is dictated mainly by the aromaticity in the transition state. The reactivity order with respect to side alkyl chain of a species was found to increase as the steric crowding effect increases. The AM1 reactivity in this work agree well with the experimental results.


SUMMARY Relatively large errors can exist in industrial robots as a result of mismatch between the controller model and the corresponding physical model. The paper outlines a novel approach for accuracy assessment and adjustment of multiaxis industrial robots through a low-cost ball-bar link system. The features of the ball-bar, which incorporated a 12 mm range digital displacement transducer in conjunction with a PC, are discussed. The ball-bar device was used in both a trammelling and circular mode of operation. This produced data which not only related to the accuracy of the robot but also enabled joint errors to be significantly reduced.


Objective To observe the effect of fentanyl and tramadol in combination with ropivacaine on continuous epidural postoperative analgesia.Methods Sixty patients,undergoing uterine-incision delivery,were randomly divided into three groups(20 in each group) to receive 0.2% ropivacaine alone(Group R),0.2% ropivacaine plus 0.0004% fentanyl(Group F),and 0.2% ropivacaine plus 0.5% tramadol(Group T).The disposable micro-infusion pump was applied to continuous epidural postoperative analgesia.VAS were recorded at different time.The incidence of side-effect was assessed.Results The VAS in Group F or Group T were significantly less than that in Group R(P0.05)and no significant difference were noted between Group F and Group T(P0.05).The incidence of nausea and vomiting in Group T was significantly lower than that in Group F(P0.05).Conclusions Ropivacaine infusion combined with tramadol is the better choice because of the less side-effects.


Abstract The roots of polynomials over Cayley–Dickson algebras over an arbitrary field and of arbitrary dimension are studied. It is shown that the spherical roots of a polynomial f(x) are also roots of its companion polynomial . We generalize the classical theorems for complex and real polynomials by Gauss–Lucas and Jensen to locally-complex Cayley–Dickson algebras: it is proved that the spherical roots of belong to the convex hull of the roots of , and we also show that all roots of are contained in the snail of f(x), as defined by Ghiloni and Perotti.


A method for testing the adsorption performance of active carbon spheres of small pore diameters was established for the quality control. The adsorption behaviors of indole and pepsin were determined respectively under simulated in vivo condition. The results showed that active carbon spheres performed good adsorbabilities for indole while poor for pepsin.


The determination of organic matter in soil and sediment requires several laboratory steps and use of reagents. The objective of this study is to propose an alternative method for organic matter determination in lake sediments samples, by the combination of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and partial least squares regression, allowing the quantification of these parameters rapidly and nondestructively. The prediction values of the model presented a relative deviation up to 8%. It could be concluded that multivariate calibration using spectral data from X-ray fluorescence is a fast and feasible technique, with potential to replace the conventional techniques commonly used.


Microcin C (McC), a peptide-nucleotide Trojan horse antibiotic, targets aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. We present the results of a systematic mutational study of the 7-amino-acid ribosomally synthesized peptide moiety of McC. Our results define amino acid positions important for McC maturation and cell uptake and processing and open the way for creation of more potent McC-based inhibitors. The microcins are a class of small ( (cid:2) 10 kDa) antibiotics produced from ribosomally synthesized peptide precursors (1). Genes responsible microcin production


The promotion of autonomic balance and social brain networks may explain the association of endurance exercise and social cognition. Specific nervous system functions and the regulating roles of oxytocin have evolved because of the necessity to negotiate increasingly complex social systems. We hypothesize that acute and long-term physical activity and exercise have the potential to benefit social cognitive abilities, such as emotion recognition and regulation, by operating on these functions.


In many areas around the world, maize (Zea Mays L.) crops are affected by root lodging. Several authors have previously shown that associations of root and shoot traits enabled the prediction of the resistance of genotypes to root lodging. In this preliminary attempt to understand the genetics of these traits, a set of 100 recombinant inbred lines from a cross between elite lines 'F2' (early, susceptible to root lodging) and 'Io' (late, lodging resistant) was considered. This population was characterised for 152 RFLP loci and root system traits in one location and for 2 years. QTLs were mapped using the average over years. Genetic and environmental correlations, together with co-localisation of QTLs for several traits, revealed genetic linkages, and some probable pleiotropic effects, which could be interpreted in terms of within-plant growth competition phenomena. The identification, on chromosome 5, of groups of loci involved in the con- trol of the growth of the root system could help select against root lodging. (© Inra/Elsevier, Paris.)


AltBOC is the baseline of COMPASS B2 signal modulation. However,AltBOC modulation has drawbacks such as low multiplexing efficiency and great receiver complexity. A new modulation type named PS-AltBOC(Phase Shifted AltBOC) with constant envelope is presented based on the standard AltBOC modulation. The detail principle of PS-AltBOC is presented and the math expression of PS-AltBOC is derived. Finally the performances of PSD(Power Spectrum Density),ranging and multipath tracking performance,side-band losses are compared with the AltBOC modulation. Analysis results show that PS-AltBOC has similar spectrum characteristics,ranging and multipath tracking performance with the AltBOC,and the out-of-side loss is lower than AltBOC when the receiver frontend bandwidth between 30 MHz and 150 MHz. PS-AltBOC could be a feasible modulation for COMPASS B2 navigation signal.


A nonstandard perturbation theory (PT) is developed in many-dimensional quantum mechanics; in this theory knowledge of the entire spectrum of the unperturbed problem is not required, and only the characteristics of the level for which corrections are to be determined must be known, In the one-dimensional case this theory reduces to the PT proposed by Zel'dovich. It is shown that the problem of constructing the PT in the kdimensional case is equivalent to that of k-dimensional electrostatics with a variable dielectric constant. The relation between the variational principle and PT is found, and it is shown that the PT developed here makes it possible to estimate the accuracy of variational calculations and to improve this accuracy by using an iteration method. A recipe is formulated for constructing an unperturbed problem so as to get converging PT series. A theorem on the uniqueness of PT series is proved. Examples considered are the ground states in the potentials x2" (n = 2, 3,4) and m2x2 +gx4; it is shown that the first two or three approximations are enough to calculate the energy to an accuracy of 10-'-lo-' (for arbitrary g). For the two-dimensional anharmonic oscillator calculations are made of the first several coefficients of the PT series in powers of the coupling constant.


e15680Background: It is recommended that a lymph node yield (LNY) of at least 12 is necessary for colorectal cancer. However, it is debated whether it is applicable to locally advanced rectal cance...


HE odontoid process is a pivot for rotation of the atlas on the axis, but more significantly, it limits posterior motion of the atlas through its articulation with the anterior ring. Anterior dislocation is avoided by the confinement of the thick transverse ligament. The dens represents the body of C-1 which later becomes fused with the axis. Interposed at the base is a cartilaginous disc which ultimately ossifies. Ossification begins at the periphery but may not reach the center until advanced age. In a certain number of persons (s of patients age 30 to 50 years 4) fusion does not occur or is incomplete, allowing dislocation, either spontaneously or as the result of minor trauma. Occasionally the entire process is absent. The incidence of odontoid fractures is not known, since many are not recognized due to immediate death. Amyes and Anderson ~ found 63 among 393 patients having x-ray evidence of fracture or dislocation of the cervical spine. It may not be recognized early because of head injury, or the symptoms of soreness and stiffness of the neck are attributed to cervical sprain or subarachnoid hemorrhage. The signs are seldom outstanding. Only five of the cases of Amyes and Anderson 2 had sufficient cervical cord compression to cause weakness of the arms or legs. The most feared consequence is upper cervical myelopathy due to chronic or repeated dislocation. The selection of treatment still remains an enigma. Alexander, et al., 1 felt that all cases should be operatively fused. Only one fracture united in their four cases not treated surgically. Conversely, Amyes and Anderson 2 found nonunion in only three of their 63 cases. They felt nonunion was more likely if the fracture was in the substance of the dens, whereas those across the base were likely to heal. Reduction and immobilization


It is reviewed about the pulmonary absorption mechanism and inhalation delivery of peptide and protein drugs.The problem and prospect of pulmonary delivery of peptide and protein drugs are also briefly discussed to provide a reference for their inhalation study.


The coupling of the combustion process and the mechanical vibrations of a solid propellant rocket may result in acoustic instability if a mechanical disturbance is amplified by energy release in the combustion zone. Acoustic stability depends on the balance of energy sources and energy sinks. Energy dissipations in the gas and the viscoelastic solid propellant binder are taken into account. The instantaneous frequencies of the structural system are determined from the undamped system. In this paper the influence of relative thickness of the elastic case on acoustic stability of the lowest radial mode is discussed. It is found that in the early part of the burning process a thicker case makes a more stable motor. Near burnout, however, the motor becomes more stable for a thinner case.


The global incidence of diabetes mellitus, including gestational diabetes, has been increasing in recent years. Diabetes during pregnancy can have serious consequences on the fetus. Fetal complications can occur, with congenital malformations, macrosomia, and fetal death being the most frequent; complications during delivery such as prematurity, perinatal asphyxia and obstetric trauma; and neonatal complications, the most frequent being metabolic ones, in which hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia stand out. Current evidence has shown that glycemic control until the end of pregnancy is of the utmost importance in order to significantly reduce the appearance of these complications and achieve good fetal development.


The bibliographic review addresses studies conducted concerning incarcerated individuals and how their cognitive conditions have been affected by factors influencing their quality of life. The experience they underwent with regard to COVID-19 is particularly significant. While the pandemic affected individuals in normal living conditions, its impact on incarcerated individuals was even more pronounced, given the suboptimal psychological, mental, emotional, legal, and physiological conditions within the Colombian prison system.


The present invention discloses a centrifugal separation apparatus, particularly an apparatus for separating a blood component separation bag, which comprises a box body, a motor mounted on the chassis body, U-bracket connected to the rotating motor shaft, abduction cylinder, the intermediate drum, the drum, the multi-lumen tube, the delivery tube, the inside and outside of the drum structure, the inner drum to the outer drum with twice the speed of rotation, greatly reducing the time for plasma separation; in addition, due to the high separation speed, a centrifugal force larger, complete separation, without separating the two, the high purity of the separated blood components; Furthermore, supporting the use of such a separation device may separate bags, a continuous separation can be achieved, is also applicable to blood smaller amounts of the situation.


It is commonly held that a necessary condition for the existence of solitons in nonlinear-wave systems is that the soliton's frequency (spatial or temporal) must not fall into the continuous spectrum of radiation modes. However, this is not always true. We present a new class of codimension-one solitons (i.e., those existing at isolated frequency values) that are embedded into the continuous spectrum. This is possible if the spectrum of the linearized system has (at least) two branches, one corresponding to exponentially localized solutions, and the other to radiation modes. An embedded soliton (ES) is obtained when the latter component exactly vanishes in the solitary-wave's tail. The paper contains both a survey of recent results obtained by the authors and some new results, the aim being to draw together several different mechanism underlying the existence of ESs. We also consider the distinctive property of semi-stability of ES, and moving ESs. Results are presented for four different physical models, including an extended 5th-order KdV equation describing surface waves in inviscid fluids, and three models from nonlinear optics. One of them pertains to a resonant Bragg grating in an optical fiber with a cubic nonlinearity, while two others describe second-harmonic generation (SHG) in the temporal or spatial domain (i.e., respectively, propagating pulses in nonlinear optical fibers, or stationary patterns in nonlinear planar waveguides). Special attention is paid to the SHG model in the temporal domain for a case of competing quadratic and cubic nonlinearities. An essential new result is that ES is, virtually, fully stable in the latter model in the case when both harmonics have anomalous dispersion. 1 To appear in a special issue of Physica D; Proceedings of a meeting devoted to the 60th birthday of V.E. Zakharov (Chernogolovka, Russia, 1999) Preprint submitted to Elsevier Preprint 3 February 2008


Schelling's major preoccupations in the 1809 Inquiries into Human Freedom gather around the problem of the finitude of freedom. This is not a new problem for Schelling. Nearly fifteen years earlier he had observed, "What is incomprehensible is not how an absolute ego, but how an empirical ego should possess freedom, not how an intellectual ego could be absolutely free, but how an empirical ego could . . . possess causality through freedom." For Schelling, the freedom of an absolute ego does not present a philosophical puzzle. The puzzle is how freedom, which is absolute, can be attributed to an ego that is finite, and thus not absolute. By 1809 Schelling no longer endorses the Fichtean talk of an absolute ego; he has in the meantime established that the absolute, as the identity of identity and difference, outstrips the distinction between subject and object, ego and non-ego, ideal and real. Accordingly, while in the 1790s Schelling has seen transcendental freedom as equivalent to the unconditioned self-positing of an absolute ego, in 1809 Schelling dissociates absolute freedom, as decision, from the absolute. Freedom begins its complex career not as absolute identity but as absolute difference, a difference or divorce from the absolute that is not compromised in also being a difference or divorce within the absolute. Schelling's discovery in 1 809 is clear. Divorce or separation, Scheidung, is the condition of all performance and activity, thus the condition of freedom. Yet divorce is not original; it, too, must be performed. Separation from the absolute is thus, paradoxically, both the condition of freedom and a free act. As Jean-Francois Marquet puts it, freedom must "declare itself, decide itself," in a free deed.


It will not be an exaggeration to say that modern linguistic science is in a profound theoretical and conceptual tangle. This is especially obvious in semantics as the "theory of meaning", where the chaos is striking (Devitt & Sterelny 1999). It is because so far linguistics as a science has not succeeded in bringing together in an uncontradictory fashion the two concepts of language: language as a sign system for representing knowledge and language as a communicative activity. This is largely due to methodological shortcomings of the traditional philosophy of mind based on Cartesian logic with its ontological distinction between mind and body (Priest 1991; Schlechtman 1997; Kim 1998). The mainstream cognitive science approach to intelligence is largely computational: intelligent performance is viewed as certain symbolic processes involving representations (Fodor 1975, 1998; Newell 1990; Pylyshyn 1999; Fuchs & Robert 1999


How does a classical education benefit a contemporary poet and how might it impede their creative development? Tony Harrison's engagement with classical literature is wide-ranging and diverse. He has translated many classical texts, both Greek and Latin, from Sophocles through Palladas to Martial. In addition, his own poetry is steeped in classical reference and reception, always ironically underscoring the paradox of a working-class scholar's alienation from both the classical academy and his own class and family. Yet, as Josephine Balmer argues, these 'divided voices' are precisely what inform and elevate Harrison's exceptional art as a classical translator, a form which thrives on ambiguity and slippage. Furthermore, his unparalleled skill in reversioning and reinterpretating canonical texts has led, in turn, to the maturity and confidence of his later collections, such as Laureate's Block (2000) and Under the Clock (2005), bridging the gaps of time, class and memory. If Harrison's dramatic works, such as The Trackers of Oxyrynchus, reveal how easily literary culture might be destroyed, then his poetry celebrates how, among the loss, there will always be gain.


"The truth about managing people ... and nothing but the truth" Robbins, S.P. (2002). The truth about managing people... and nothing but the truth. London: Financial Times Prentice/Hall. In writing "The Truth about Managing People ... And Nothing but the Truth", Stephen P. Robbins has bridged the gap between research and practice by concisely providing the latest relevant management information. For those new to the field, Robbins is on the short list of contenders as the leading writer in organizational behavior. He is the author/co-author of several texts including the 7th editions of "Essentials of Organization Behavior" (Prentice Hall, 2003), "Management" (Prentice Hall, 2002), and "Human Resource Management" (Wiley, 2002). As described by Robbins, "no short, concise summary of behavioral research [exists] that cuts through the jargon to give managers the truth about what works and doesn't work when it comes to managing people at work. This book has been written to fill the void." Clearly, Robbins does not refer to self-evident truth, but truth as defined by findings from solid research. Each of the 63 chapters or "Truths" has as its basis research from notable journals such as Harvard Business Review and the Academy of Management. For those small business leaders and entrepreneurs who start with a clever idea, zeal, and hard work and see their successes have created a new dilemma of needing more people, this book is a must. These entrepreneurs need the facts about managing people, quickly and clearly. The book's format is well-planned to fit these needs. At less than 200 pages the book is divided into ten parts (Hiring, Motivation, Leadership, Communication, Team Building, Managing Conflicts, Job Design, Performance Evaluation, Change, and Final Thoughts). Each part has between 3 and 13 chapters that stand alone and provide a 3-5 minute lesson based on research findings. Because of the book's diminutive size (4x6 inches), the book lends itself to being read from beginning to end in about 3 hours. Additionally, each chapter contains a summary statement that demands one attention by use of a larger, italicized font. These summary statements provide an even faster method for quickly identifying (or relocating) valuable information within a chapter. I found them very useful when returning to the book for this review. Academicians, especially those beginning their careers, will also benefit from the book as a means for getting up to speed in their field. Robbins does state that what one gets from the book depends on ones current knowledge about organizational behavior; however, by no means should this statement deter anyone because of a potential lack of prerequisites. He simply means that those with little formal training will have more enjoyment because of the acquisition of new information. In a book such as this that emphasizes results, do not expect to see the evidence. It is the responsibility of readers to do in-depth study if they want to know research details. However, the means for pursuit are provided in the Reference section. Additionally, books that emphasize results can have their findings classified into three categories: (1) knowledge already known by the reader, (2) knowledge unknown to the reader but that is intuitive once acquired, and (3) knowledge unknown to the reader that is counter-intuitive. For a book to be worth reading, the majority of the content should fall into category (2) and (3). This categorized classification is dependent on the reader, which again points this book towards those with less formal training than seasoned researchers. Using this classification scheme, in Part I: The Truth about Hiring, Robbins hits the ground running in Chapter One by stating that personality traits are not nearly as important as past behavior when selecting applicants to fill a position. Robbins claims that because people are highly adaptive, traits can change in response to organizational situations. …


The authors have studied the elemental and phase compositions of electric arc coating with a flux-cored wire of Fe – C – Si – Mn – Cr – Ni – Mo system. Formation of electric arc coating was carried out using ASAW-1250 welding tractor with fabricated flux-cored wire on plates made of 09G2S steel. Aluminum production gas cleaning dust has been introduced into the composition of flux cored wire (instead of amorphous carbon). Chemical composition of the deposited metal was determined by X-ray fluorescence method on XRF-1800 spectrometer and by the atomic emission method on DFS-71 spectrometer. Microstructure of the electric arc coatings was studied using OLYMPUSGX-51 optical microscope. Analysis of phase and elemental compositions was performed by scanning electron microscopy using LEO EVO 50 instrument. Segregation of tungsten and molybdenum was revealed in electric arc coating. Concentration of tungsten changes more than 3 times, and molybdenum – more than 2 times. Fractures of the samples are formed as a result of ductile fracture of the material. There are surface layers on the samples fractures, thickness of which is determined by chemical and elemental composition of the electric arc coating. The layer under consideration is characterized by a relatively small diameter of fracture pits compared to the samples volume. Their diameter ranges from tenths to tens of micrometers. The largest pits are formed on particles of the second phase with micron sizes (2 – 3 µm). Contamination of metal of electric arc coatings with nonmetallic inclusions was studied. It was established that chemical composition of flux-cored wire of the studied system does not significantly affect the level of contamination with non-metallic inclusions in electric arc coatings. Parameter a of crystal lattice and values of areas of coherent scattering of Fe and CrC phases formed as a result of hardfacing were determined by X-ray phase analysis.