Introduction: Tuberculosis, both pulmonary and extra pulmonary pose great threat to individual health and community economy. The diagnosis of tuberculosis is currently made by a detailed medical history, clinical examination, radiological, microbiological, immunological, biochemical, molecular-biological and histological investigations. The current diagnostic methods either are relatively expensive, feasible, and insufficient or give erroneous results especially while diagnosing extra pulmonary tuberculosis. However recent trials have shown that enzymatic, evaluations in serum and pleural fluid have given excellent diagnostic results in diagnosis of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Aim: The current study was aimed to evaluate whether analysis of adenosine deaminase enzyme in serum and pleural fluid helps in diagnosis of HIV sero negative tuberculous pleural effusion. Material and Methods: The study encompassed a total of 100 subjects of which 50 patients were known cases of tuberculous pleural effusion and remaining 50 patients served as control subjects Adenosine deaminase was estimated in serum and pleural fluids using kits and auto analyzer. Results: The results were tabled and analyzed using MEDCALC statistical software and are in favor of the study, supporting adenosine deaminase as a reliable marker in diagnosis of sero negative pleural effusions. Conclusion: The current study has indicated that promising positive results can be obtained by estimating levels of Adenosine deaminase enzyme in diagnosis of HIV sero negative pleural effusions. Further the study concludes that testing the adenosine deaminase levels in a cheaper, cost effective diagnostic tool and can be used in large community of individuals with minimal costs. © 2019 Published by Innovative Publication. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)


The electrophilic palladation of indoles through C–H bond functionalization with the aid of surfactant was achieved in water in a highly enantioselective manner. The system displayed attractive features that are reminiscent of both precious-metal catalysis and micellar catalysis. The palladium(II) catalyst entangled with a surfactant did not respond to commonly recognized phosphine-based ligand but to 2,2′-bipyridine L1. The insights gained from this unique set of palladium(II) catalysts demonstrate the potential of further applications toward this novel mode of chemical transformation.


Residents of the village of Gabahan Rt. 05 Rw. Most of Jombor's 12 sub-districts work as farm laborers and hand laborers and desperately need additional income to meet the needs of their families. They have never received counseling or training on organic composting by universities or other institutions. From the results of the interview, several residents wanted counseling and training on the manufacture of organic compound fertilizer as an alternative to increase financial income. They want counseling with this theme because most of them do not understand how to make organic compost. The purpose of the service is 1. To provide counseling on how to make organic compost. 2. To provide training on how to make and pack organic compost. The training was carried out for 2 times. The method used is lectures and questions and answers, as well as practical guidance on how to make and pack organic compost. The target of this counseling and training is to increase the understanding of how to make 20% organic compost among the residents of Gabahan RT. 05 RW. 12 Jombor. From the results of the training in making organic compost for PKK women in the hamlet of Gabahan RT 05 RW 12 Jombor, it can be concluded that there was an increase in understanding of the process of making organic compost from an average score of 37.5 to 88.45 or an increase in understanding of 122, 4%. The results of the compost can be used by women as plant fertilizer, but can also be sold to increase income.


It has long been known that in the usual black-box model, one cannot get super-polynomial quantum speedups without some promise on the inputs. In this paper, we examine certain types of symmetric promises, and show that they also cannot give rise to super-polynomial quantum speedups. We conclude that exponential quantum speedups only occur given "structured" promises on the input.
Specifically, we show that there is a polynomial relationship of degree $12$ between $D(f)$ and $Q(f)$ for any function $f$ defined on permutations (elements of $\{0,1,\dots, M-1\}^n$ in which each alphabet element occurs exactly once). We generalize this result to all functions $f$ defined on orbits of the symmetric group action $S_n$ (which acts on an element of $\{0,1,\dots, M-1\}^n$ by permuting its entries). We also show that when $M$ is constant, any function $f$ defined on a "symmetric set" - one invariant under $S_n$ - satisfies $R(f)=O(Q(f)^{12(M-1)})$.


The preparation of ultra-fine energetic materials still faces great challenges. In order to prepare the ultra-fine NTO crystals with controllable size and morphology, the study proposes a novel ultrasonic-assisted spray technology that can ensure the rapidity and safety of the preparation of ultra-fine NTO crystals. The as-prepared NTO crystals are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the effects of solvent type, solution concentration, ultrasonic parameters, and anti-solvent on the morphology and average size of NTO crystals are investigated. The results obtained show that NTO ultra-fine crystals with an average particle size of 0.2 μm can be obtained quickly in optimum preparation conditions. The effectiveness of the technique presented for preparing ultra-fine spherical NTO crystals was demonstrated by comparison with baseline experiments. Ultrasonic-assisted spray technology offers a safe and fast route for the preparation of ultra-fine NTO particles and reveals an ideal method for the preparation of other ultra-fine energetic particles.


The linear semigroup associated with age-structured diffusive populations is investigated in the L1-setting. A complete determination of its generator is given along with detailed spectral information that imply, in particular, an asynchronous exponential growth of the semigroup. Moreover, regularizing effects inherited from the diffusion part are exploited to derive additional properties of the semigroup.


There exists a balanced ternary design with block size 3 and index 2 on 2 upsilon - rho(2) + 1 and 2 upsilon - rho(2) + 4 elements with a hole of size upsilon, for all positive integers upsilon and rho(2), upsilon greater than or equal to 2 rho 2 + 1, having a prescribed number of repeated triples. As an application of this result, we determine the possible number of repeated triples in a balanced ternary design with index 2, for rho(2) = 3 and 4.


The growing use of IC memory cards, with their small size and low power consumption, in key roles in all sorts of handheld equipment is discussed. Three events that have propelled the credit-card-sized descendants of the original battery-packed memory cards are discussed. They are the development of a standard for 68-pin personal computer cards, known as PC cards, that allows them to act as peripherals, such as modems and network ports, as well as storage devices; the development of flash-type nonvolatile memory chips of very high capacity; and the emergence of palmtop and notebook computers.<<ETX>>


In this thesis, we study the problem of registering 2D image sets and 3D point clouds under threedifferent acquisition set-ups. The first set-up assumes that the image sets are captured using 2Dcameras that are fully calibrated and coupled, or rigidly attached, with a 3D sensor. In this context,the point cloud from the 3D sensor is registered directly to the asynchronously acquired 2D images.In the second set-up, the 2D cameras are internally calibrated but uncoupled from the 3D sensor,allowing them to move independently with respect to each other. The registration for this set-up isperformed using a Structure-from-Motion reconstruction emanating from images and planar patchesrepresenting the point cloud. The proposed registration method is globally optimal and robust tooutliers. It is based on the theory Sum-of-Squares polynomials and a Branch-and-Bound algorithm.The third set-up consists of uncoupled and uncalibrated 2D cameras. The image sets from thesecameras are registered to the point cloud in a globally optimal manner using a Branch-and-Prunealgorithm. Our method is based on a Linear Matrix Inequality framework that establishes directrelationships between 2D image measurements and 3D scene voxels.


The base for this short overview of Asian theatres is material brought together for The Cambridge Guide to World Theatre, although the articles in that have here generally been reorganized, extended, and updated to suit the single-volume focus, and the bibliographies are expanded. Organization, as in the larger Guide to World Theatre, is by a system of national entries which has its advantages and disadvantages. It provides, for students and teachers of theatre studies, dense, pithy, and informed overviews of the histories and key characteristics of national theatres, and doubtless, too, will be of great value to those 'informed travellers to Asia and Oceania' to whom it is commended on the dust-jacket blurb: a quick run-down of Hong Kong theatre for this summer's visit, another on theatre in Thailand for the trip next spring. But the exclusive focus on national coverage somewhat limits The Guide's utility as a reference tool, not least because the 'Index of Artists and Genres' confines itself almost exclusively to Asian figures and kinds, and is decidedly austere, focusing very largely on specific single entries. For the most part, when using it one has to know pretty precisely what one is looking for: thus the non-specialist general reader seeking information across the field on, say, court forms or puppet theatre kinds gets little help. But, that said, in most other respects the Guide is well-conceived, authoritatively prepared, and admirably well-balanced. Coverage of the major national theatres, like those of Japan, China, and Indonesia, is appropriately substantial, but the Guide also seeks to be nationally comprehensive, running from Bangladesh and Burma through Korea and Laos to Sri Lanka and Vietnam. The major national overviews are all impressive: the rich variety of Indian forms, for example, is particularly well represented, underscoring the seminal importance of Indian stages. At the same time, however, certain traditional forms, like No, Kabuki, and Kyogen, which have received perhaps most attention in the West, and for which illustrated books and audio-visual materials are most readily available, while given sound basic coverage, are not allowed to dwarf the less celebrated theatre kinds of other nations. This emphasis raises, however, a minor cavil: the illustrations in the text, while generally unfamiliar, are sometimes too small (as is that depicting a peasant theatre of the Chinese Qing dynasty) to be very helpful, and for the most part there is little attempt to illustrate with early material more familiar 'classic' theatre forms, like No and Kabuki, presumably on the assumption that readers will prefer to seek out such illustrations in books focused largely or exclusively on those forms. Most of the contributors to the Guide are based in American colleges and universities, reflecting the extent to which, at least since the Second World War, recent work in the West on Asian theatres has come from the United States. That may in part account for occasional lacunae, like the absence in the section on Taiwan of any reference to the intriguing, culturally-mixed adaptation of Macbeth after the manner of the Peking opera, The Kingdom of Desire, which was the first Taiwanese production to be seen in the West in Paris, and at London's National Theatre a few years ago. But it is part, too, of what seems to have been a deliberate and surely proper strategy to focus firmly and uncompromisingly on Asian theatres. While there are throughout occasional glances at western plays in Asian productions (Romeo and Juliet, Waiting for Godot, Death of a Salesman), most references to and comment on the significance of links between Asia and the West are confined to the excellent and wide-ranging introductory essay contributed by James Brandon. Most of the entries in the bibliographies, too, treat of theatres, performers, and performances in their Asian contexts. A further particular feature of The Guide is the emphasis it gives to more recent developments in Asian theatre, a useful corrective to the unfortunate tendency of many general histories of the theatre to suggest that theatres in Asia are more important for their past than their present achievements. Given the increasing interest among theatre scholars and students in Asian theatre, and the need in the West for more basic information not only on the range of forms but on contemporary developments, this publication is well-timed and to be warmly welcomed. It will inform and stimulate, and should be on the shelves of school as well as college and specialist libraries, alongside The Cambridge Guide to World Theatre, which it usefully supplements.


Introduction READING A TEXT THAT DOES NOT EXIST Chapter I CARDENIO AT COURT LONDON, 1613 Spain in England Don Quixote in translation Why Cardenio? Dorotea s story Happy ending Chapter II CARDENIO AND DON QUIXOTE SPAIN, 1605-1608 Don Quixote as he is depicted in his book Double marriages Don Quixote gracioso de comedia The madman, the poet and the prince Seeming and being: an exchange of sons Chapter III A FRENCH CARDENIO PARIS, 1628 AND 1638 Don Quixote in France Luscinde s marriage The mad fits of Cardenio The mad fits of Don Quixote Guerin de Bouscal: the queen of Miconmicon The bearded duena and the wooden horse Novel, novellas and theatre Chapter IV CARDENIO IN THE REVOLUTION LONDON, 1653 Writing in collaboration. Fletcher and Shakespeare The famous history of the life of King Henry VIII The two noble cousins A play never published Don Quixote in the revolution From Shelton to Gayton. Cardenio in verse Chapter V CARDENIO REDISCOVERED LONDON, 1727 The miracle of the Theatre Royal Publishing and politics Theobald, editor and author Preliminaries, dedications and privilege Theatrical enthusiasm. An authentically Shakespearean play Editorial prudence. A play excluded from the canon Chapter VI REPRESENTATIONS OF CARDENIO ENGLAND, 1660-1727 Images and words. The illustrated Spanish text The engravings of translations Don Quixote without Cardenio. The booklets sold by peddlers Cardenio abridged Don Quixote in serial form Cardenio in the theatre. First D Urfey, then Theobald Chapter VII CARDENIO ON STAGE LONDON, 1727 The double betrayal The interrupted marriage Ruses and a denouement 1727, 1660, 1613 Double Falshood, a mystification or an adaptation? Epilogue. CARDENIO FEVER The manuscript recovered How should a lost play be staged? Cardenio published The discrepancy between different periods Postscript THE PERMANENCE OF WORKS AND THE PLURALITY OF TEXTS APPENDICES Notes Index of names Tables of Illustrations


Abstract Background No prognostic score is currently available for long‐term survival in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) patients. Objective The aim of this study was to develop and validate such a prognostic score for AIH patients at diagnosis. Methods The prognostic score was developed using uni‐ & multivariate Cox regression in a 4‐center Dutch cohort and validated in an independent 6‐center Belgian cohort. Results In the derivation cohort of 396 patients 19 liver transplantations (LTs) and 51 deaths occurred (median follow‐up 118 months; interquartile range 60–202 months). In multivariate analysis age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.045; p < 0.001), non‐caucasian ethnicity (HR 1.897; p = 0.045), cirrhosis (HR 3.266; p < 0.001) and alanine aminotransferase level (HR 0.725; p = 0.003) were significant independent predictors for mortality or LT (C‐statistic 0.827; 95% CI 0.790–0.864). In the validation cohort of 408 patients death or LT occurred in 78 patients during a median follow‐up of 74 months (interquartile range: 25–142 months). Predicted 5‐year event rate did not differ from observed event rate (high risk group 21.5% vs. 15.7% (95% CI: 6.3%–24.2%); moderate risk group 5.8% versus 4.3% (95% CI: 0.0%–9.1%); low risk group 1.9% versus 5.4% (95% CI: 0.0%–11.4%); C‐statistic 0.744 [95% CI 0.644–0.844]). Conclusions A Dutch‐Belgian prognostic score for long‐term transplant‐free survival in AIH patients at diagnosis was developed and validated.


The rationalization of container yards is accomplished both through the automation of container yard management and the automation of container handling machines. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries of Japan has developed automatic control systems for crane chassis operation and transfer cranes. This paper describes the features of the so- called 4th-generation cranes that incorporate these control systems, and explains the role of automated cranes in the overall container yard management system.


This study describes the patterns of data mining on library circulation data from task of data mining,selection of tool,procedure of data mining and evaluation of consequences.


HE common eastern madtom, Noturus insignis (Richardson), is a member of the catfish family (Ictaluridae) found abundantly in many streams east of the Allegheny Mountains, and from the tributaries of Lake Ontario southward to Georgia (Taylor, 1955). However, since it is a nocturnal fish and rarely reaches six inches in length, very few people know of its existence. Those who have come in contact with it, either catching it on a worm while fishing for another species of fish or using it for bass bait, have learned to respect it for the painful sting it can render with its dorsal and pectoral spines. Many phases of the life history of Noturus insignis have been described by Fowler (1917), and Bowman (1932, 1936). However, their work contains little information on the rate of growth and periodicity of growth of this species. Bowman (1932) did plot a length-frequency curve using 186 specimens that fell into three well-defined size-groups. These he assumed represented fish of four months, 16 months, and 32 months of age. From available reports his apparently was the only attempt to determine the age of this species. During the last 15 years many other catfishes have been aged by the use of various bony structures (Kalman, 1943; Hooper, 1949; Lewis, 1949; and Hall and Jenkins, 1952). These studies have been based on observations that the catfishes show seasonal changes in the growth of the bones. Several studies have confirmed the accuracy of these observations through the use of known-age material (Appelget and Smith, 1951; Sneed, 1951; and Marzolf, 1955). In the present paper, the year marks observed on the pectoral spines were used to determine the age of the common eastern madtom. The results of studies of longevity, size at maturity, and seasonal growth based on these age determinations tend to confirm the accuracy of this method of age determination.


The hepatic stellate cell (HSC), following a fibrogenic stimulus, is transformed from a quiescent to an activated cell. Cytokines induce NF (cid:107) B activity in activated but not in quiescent HSCs with subsequent expression of NF (cid:107) B-responsive genes, such as intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and interleukin (IL)-6. We investigated the effect of proteasome inhibitors and an I (cid:107) B super-repressor on the cytokine mediated activation of NF (cid:107) B, ICAM-1, and IL-6 in activated HSCs. Culture-activated HSCs were stimulated with IL-1 (cid:98) or tumor necrosis factor (cid:97) (TNF (cid:97) ) in the presence or absence of proteasome inhibitors, ALLN or MG-132, or after infection with an adenovirus expressing the I (cid:107) B super-repressor (Ad5I (cid:107) B) or (cid:98) -galactosidase (Ad5LacZ) as a control. NF (cid:107) B activity was evaluated by immunofluorescence and by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The steady state level of cytoplasmic I (cid:107) B protein was measured by Western Blot. ICAM-1 and IL-6 expression was measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Proteasome inhibitors, which block the degradation of I (cid:107) B, and the Ad5I (cid:107) B, which provides an exogenous nondegradable I (cid:107) B, block the stimulation of NF


CITATION: Sloot, R. et al. 2018. Variation in HIV prevalence and the population-level effects of antiretroviral therapy in reducing tuberculosis incidence in South Africa. South African Medical Journal, 108(8):606, doi:10.7196/SAMJ.2018.v108i8.13394.


There is increasing recognition that evaluation theories and models should be more empirically based (Mark, 2008; Shadish, Cook, & Leviton, 1991; Smith, 1993) and that prescriptions about how to conduct evaluations using these theories should be based on empirical knowledge about practice. However, as Mark (2008) notes, whereas approaches for conducting research and evaluation on evaluation use have become increasingly sophisticated, approaches for conducting research and evaluation on evaluation theory are less well articulated and understood. Although research and evaluation of evaluation theories are neither new ideas (Mark, 2001, 2003; Shadish et al., 1991; Smith, 1993; Worthen, 2001) nor new practices (Amo and Cousins, 2007; Miller & Campbell, 2006), the three preceding articles present new and different perspectives for guiding evaluation and research of evaluation theories. Miller's article argues that lack of ''frameworks and guidance'' may be factors related to the lack of research that has been conducted on the role of evaluation theory in practice. In ''Developing standards for empirical examinations of evaluation theory,'' Miller outlines a taxonomy for empirically studying critical aspects of the value of theory to practice that includes (a) operational specificity, (b) range of application, (c) feasibility in practice, (d) discernible impact, and (e) reproducibility. She notes that the knowledge gained by such study of evaluation theories should result in evaluations that are ''markedly different on multiple dimensions, including the consequences of doing evaluation in a particular fashion.'' In ''Examining theory in cultural context,'' Kirkhart contends that because evaluation theory guides epistemological, methodological, and practical choices, it is critical to question how well evaluation theory addresses dimensions of cultural context while conversely reflecting on how culturally biased assumptions may enter evaluation theory. She provides nine recommendations for examining evaluation theories through a cultural lens that taken together are meant to clearly reveal the cultural location of a theory while assessing and weighing the relevance and fidelity of a theory's cultural representation. Importantly, she notes that careful consideration must also be given to what is not addressed by the particular theory being assessed.


This paper presents a robust solution to the linear pose-graph SLAM problem based on local submap joining. This algorithm aims to converge toward correct solutions by detecting and eliminating the passive impacts from the failed loop closures. In the linear SLAM problem, the information matrix of each submap becomes non-diagonal due to nonlinear coordinate transformations. It is naive to make a least square operation between two constraints, when there isn't enough information to make a decision whether outlier loop closures exist. We thereby apply a delayed optimization to process the observations and pass them to the next level submap. To detect the outlier loop closure, we treat each loop closure as a random variable with an additional weight computed according to Expectation Maximization. By investing the feature of information matrix, the corrupted information matrix can be recovered efficiently. Experimental results based on publicly synthetic and real-world datasets show that this robust approach can effectively deal with incorrect loop closures.


We have collected a large number of research papers relevant to psychology and the law. The database that is described here is an attempt to make the findings of this research organized and searchable. Currently the database contains information on 265 fairly recent (mostly from 2005 and after) research articles from a variety of journals, such as The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Applied Cognitive Psychology, Law and Human Behavior, and Behavioral Sciences and the Law. Each entry begins with an APA citation. This is followed by a separate entry for the year to enable searching for the most recent entries. There are three keyword fields describing the primary topic(s) of the paper (these are listed below), and a field that identifies whether the research was done as a purely laboratory study or attempted to simulate a real world situation. The last field is a one sentence description of the basic finding of the research. In order to construct the database, the body of each journal article was read and summarized. The keywords were derived from the title and/or abstract of each article. Since all of the articles were in some way related to both psychology and law, many of the keywords (such as jury decision making, pre-trial publicity, and death penalty) were used repeatedly in order to make the search for similar, general, topics more efficient. When presented with an article that detailed a specific psychological measure or a topic that has a limited amount of literature, a new keyword was created in order to make the search process easier for those seeking more specific information (e. g. neuro-imaging). For articles that did not have an abstract, the first couple of pages and the results section of the article were read and summarized, in order to determine what keywords would best describe the article and make it easily accessible during a search. In order to determine whether the research was in a real life setting or a lab setting, the research was reviewed in order to determine the scenario the participants were presented with. The participants were often presented with real life scenarios (e. g. videos or simulations) in order to determine what they would do in the hypothetical situation. Other research was conducted in a purely laboratory setting, which examined specific scientific measures participants would most likely not be exposed to in real life (e. g. reaction times collected during face recognition). Some of the articles were legal dissertations which discussed current and/or past legislation that has affected the criminal justice system's treatment of perceived offenders, or provided facts about a psychology and law topic. …


In this paper, we discuss the mean-field treatment of fermionic systems and the critical properties near the phase transitions at zero and finite temperature, respectively. Specifically, we consider the spinless fermion hopping on a square lattice, with nearest-neighbor repulsive interactions. We found that at intermediate repulsion strength there is a second-order phase transition from the Fermi liquid phase to the (π, π) charge density wave state. With stronger repulsion there seems to be coexisting densitive waves at different wave vectors depending on the doping.


We consider, in Einstein's theory of gravity, smooth (non-degenerate) stationary black hole spacetimes of arbitrary dimension, n ≥ 3, with matter and allowing non-zero cosmological constant. The matter fields are assumed to satisfy suitable hyperbolic evolution equations and the dominant energy condition, moreover, the energy momentum tensor is required to be 'regular'. We assume that the space of null generators of the event horizon is compact. By introducing and making use of the concept of "spacetime conjugation" it is shown then that there always exists a Killing vector field in a neighbourhood, as opposed to all the earlier results, on both sides of the event horizon which is normal to the horizon. If, in addition, the domain of outer communication can be smoothly foliated by a 1-parameter family of null hypersurfaces, each generated by congruences of shear free null geodesics, the horizon Killing vector field is shown to exist on the entire of the domain of outer communication, without assuming analyticity. Since the existence of such a foliation can be proved (see Ref. [1]), e.g., in case of four dimensional asymptotically flat or asymptotically (locally) anti-de-Sitter electrovac spacetimes our result provides an immediate generalisation of the black hole rigidity theorem of Hawking to the corresponding non-analytic setting.


Research into routing protocol development for mobile ad hoc networks has been a significant undertaking since the late 1990's. Secure routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks provide the necessary functionality for proper network operation. If the underlying routing protocol cannot be trusted to follow the protocol operations, additional trust layers cannot be obtained. For instance, authentication between nodes is meaningless without a trusted underlying route.
Security analysis procedures to formally evaluate these developing protocols have been significantly lagging, resulting in unstructured security analysis approaches and numerous secure ad hoc routing protocols that can easily be broken. Evaluation techniques to analyze security properties in ad hoc routing protocols generally rely on manual, non-exhaustive approaches. Nonexhaustive analysis techniques may conclude a protocol is secure, while in reality the protocol may contain unapparent or subtle flaws. Using formalized exhaustive evaluation techniques to analyze security properties increases protocol confidence.
Intertwined to the security evaluation process is the threat model chosen to form the analysis. Threat models drive analysis capabilities, affecting how we evaluate trust. Current attacker threat models limit the results obtained during protocol security analysis over ad hoc routing protocols. Developing a proper threat model to evaluate security properties in mobile ad hoc routing protocols presents a significant challenge. If the attacker strength is too weak, we miss vital security flaws. If the attacker strength is too strong, we cannot identify the minimum required attacker capabilities needed to break the routing protocol.
To solve these problems, we contribute to the field in the following ways: Adaptive Threat Modeling. We develop an adaptive threat model to evaluate route discovery attacks against ad hoc routing protocols. Adaptive threat modeling enables us to evaluate trust in the ad hoc routing process and allows us to identify minimum requirements an attacker needs to break a given routing protocol. Automated Security Evaluation. We develop an automated evaluation process to analyze security properties in the route discovery phase for on-demand source routing protocols. Using the automated security evaluation process, we are able to produce and analyze all topologies for a given network size. The individual network topologies are fed into the SPIN model checker to exhaustively evaluate protocol models against an attacker attempting to corrupt the route discovery process.
Our contributions provide the first automated exhaustive analysis approach to evaluate ad hoc on-demand source routing protocols.


N-(L-β-aspartyl)-α-D-glucopyranosylamine has been prepared, as a model of a corresponding derivative possibly present in glomerular basement membrane of rats, by the condensation of α-ethyl benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aspartate with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosylamine in the presence of diethylphosphorocyanidate. This was followed by hydrogenolysis, de-O-acetylation, and deethoxylation of the resulting 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-N-(α-ethyl benzyloxycarbonyl-L-β-aspartyl)-α-D-glucopyranosylamine to remove the protecting groups. The 13C nmr spectra of the corresponding glycosylamine derivatives are analyzed and discussed.


The invention discloses a zinc oxide lightning arrester operation state detection method. The method adopts a voltage detection device and a current detection device to synchronously detect the three-phase voltage signal and the leakage current signal of the zinc oxide lightning arrester respectively; and the current detection device obtains the resistive component of the leakage current according to the three-phase voltage signal and the leakage current signal, and the operation state of the zinc oxide lightning arrester can be determined according to the resistive component. The inventive detection method reduces detection process complexity, improves detection safety, directly employs wireless synchronization in the detection system, and is suitable for outdoor and urban transformer stations.


This work focuses on the currency risk management in a period of financial crisis. Crisis are often characterized by volatility in the exchange rate and this means higher currency exposure for the firms in the short term. In the medium-long term, the trend of the exchange rate also impacts the firms' profit margin. In the analytical part, different Czech firms (mainly exporters) are presented as real example of the impact of the exchange rate and the Value at Risk model (using historical simulations method first, and then Exponentially Weighted Moving Average) is also applied to a Czech company exporting in EUR. The results are in line with the thesis statement, namely the exchange rate volatility in the short term has a negative impact on the firms' situation in terms of higher currency exposure, as found with the VaR method. In order to mitigate the currency exposure in the short term, firms should hedge the currency risk through derivative instruments, which are also described in the text. In the medium-long term, on the other hand, the firm should forecast the main trends of the exchange rate and take it into account in its strategic plan.


3 Abstract: This research paper attempts to find the difference in perceptions of the people about the influences of Islamic Marketing Principles and advertisement practices in Pakistan. The paper means to see the perception of people towards these advertisements and how it is affected by gender, age group and educational level. Self- administrative questionnaire is employed for and data has been collected through from 271 individuals in Lahore (a city of Pakistan). Descriptive statistics as well as chi-square test has been applied to analyze the data using SPSS 20. The results show that there appears to be significant difference in perception of people on the basis of gender, age and educational level.


Objective:To study the effect of penetration enhancers on the transdermal penetration of peoniflorin in the Liaojin membrares.Methods:We firstly established the experimental method of transdermal penetration,and the methodology study was carried out at the same time.Furthermore,we added 1%Borneol,3%Borneol,8%Borneol,1% Azone,3% Azone and 5% Azone,3% 1,2-Propanediol,5% 1,2-Propanediol,10% 1,2-Propanediol,1% Azone+8%Borneol,3% Azone+8%Borneol,5% Azone+8%Borneol,5% 1,2-Propanediol+8%Borneol,5% 1,2-Propanediol+8%Borneol+3% Azone and 10%1,2-Propanediol+8%Borneol+5% Azone into the membrares.The cumulative penetration amounts and anatonosis multiple were determined during the test of transdermal penetration.Results:The cumulative penetration amounts and anatonosis multiple released from the membrares increased,and the effect to use mix penetration enhancers was far superior compared with penetration enhancers alone.Conclusions:The results indicate that quantitative penetration enhancers can facilitate drug through corneum into dermis,but to use mix penetration enhancers is far superior compared with penetration enhancers alone.


Objective: To determine distribution of dermatologic disease among major league baseball (MLB) players and compare the distribution to that seen in the general population. Design: Cross Sectional Survey Setting: Data was collected via anonymous, online, randomized survey in January 2017. Participants : Head athletic trainers for 25 MLB teams Main Outcome Measures: The distribution of dermatologic disease encountered by MLB athletic trainers for players versus non-player personnel. Results: The 3 most commonly encountered dermatologic conditions for MLB trainers among baseball players were blisters, contact dermatitis, and nail problems including onychomycosis. In contrast, the 3 most common dermatoses seen among the non-player personnel control group were rash, tinea, and concerning skin lesion which more closely resembled the distribution of skin diseases among the general population. Conclusions: MLB players experienced a different mix with a greater proportion of mechanical, infectious, and contact related skin conditions likely due to the baseball-related activities that impact on these athletes' skin on a day-to-day basis. The prevalence of the dermatologic disorders noted in the study reinforces the importance of focused dermatologic education for trainers to enhance player care. Keywords: baseball; MLB; dermatology; disease distribution; blisters; contact dermatitis; mechanical skin injury; elite athletes


In this paper we propose a new formulation for reliably solving the measurement-to-track association problem with a priori constraints. Those constraints are incorporated into the scalar objective function in a general formula. This is a key step in most target tracking problems when one has to handle the measurement origin uncertainty. Our methodology is able to formulate the measurement-to-track correspondence problem with most of the commonly used assumptions and considers target feature measurements and possibly unresolved measurements as well. The resulting constrained optimization problem deals with the whole combinatorial space of possible feature selections and measurement-to-track correspondences. To find the global optimal solution, we build a convex objective function and relax the integer constraint. The special structure of this extended problem assures its equivalence to the original one, but it can be solved optimally by efficient algorithms to avoid the cominatorial search. This approach works for any cost function with continuous second derivatives. We use a track formation example and a multisensor tracking scenario to illustrate the effectiveness of the convex programming approach.


Let S be a set of n + m sites, of which n are red and have weight wR, and m are blue and weigh wB. The objective of this paper is to calculate the minimum value of wR such that the union of the red Voronoi cells in the weighted Voronoi diagram of S is a connected set. The problem is solved for the multiplicatively-weighted Voronoi diagram in O((n+m)^2 log(nm)) time and for the additively-weighted Voronoi diagram in O(nmlog(nm)) time.


A physical interpretation is provided for the formation of the multiphoton-regime plateau feature in the spectra of nonlinear and correlated process of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) of two-active-electron atoms interacting with an intense linearly polarized laser field [Phys. Rev. A 88, 053412 (2013) for beryllium]. While in the strong-field tunneling regime the plateau feature is well known to be due to rescattering effects of the freed electron, its counterpart in the multiphoton regime is due to atomic resonance effects involving both singly excited states and doubly excited states. Here, we propose a strategy to uncover which kind of these states are responsible for this phenomenon. By studying the sensitivity of HHG to the initial state in helium, we show that this multiphoton-regime plateau structure mostly originates from singly excited states.


Objectives: Xanthomonas albilineans is a xylem-invading pathogen that causes leaf scald, one of the major diseases of sugarcane. Previous studies revealed that i/ two important genomic features differentiate X. albilineans from other sequenced species of Xanthomonas: genome erosion and the presence of a type III secretion system (T3SS) of the SPI-1 family (1-2), and ii/ large variability exists among strains of X. albilineans and all strains involved in outbreaks of sugarcane leaf scald disease since the late 1980s belong to the same genetic group called PFGE-B (3). In the present study, we used the genome sequence of X. albilineans strain GPE PC73 to describe all pathogenicity-related features either shared with all species of Xanthomonas or specific to X. albilineans, and to further investigate the large diversity of this species. Results Among the major virulence factors described so far in Xanthomonads, most of them are conserved in X. albilineans, except the T3SS of the Hrp family and the gum gene clusters, and Hrp T3SS effectors. The genome of X. albilineans also encodes specific pathogenicity-related factors including twelve non ribosomal peptide synthetases and five enzymes harboring a specific cellulose binding domain. Several DNA fragments present in PFGE-B strains and absent in other strains of the pathogen were isolated by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Additionally, occurrence of methylation of genomic DNA by a specific Dam methyltransferase in PFGE-B strains, but not in other strains, was experimentally demonstrated. Large inter-strain variability in X. albilineans was confirmed using multi locus sequence analysis (MLSA), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and SSH markers. Conclusions This study allowed us to identify several new candidate pathogenicity genes. In-depth functional analyses are now necessary to explore the role of these genes in the successful invasion of the sugarcane xylem vessels by X. albilineans. (Resume d'auteur)


ing a comparative subdiscipline of the social sciences. This is the culmination of a methodological revolution started several years ago in Soviet and, more recently, in Chinese studies.' The "revolution" involves a fundamental change in the dominant research paradigm, or the kinds of questions raised and the various methods used in answering them.2 The trend is away from the traditional area studies emphasis and toward a behavioral orientation in communist studies.3 John N. Hazard's Communists and Their Law4 is an important part of this trend. Professor Hazard's monograph is a unique contribution to the comparative analysis of communist law and represents a major advance in the emergence of comparative communist studies. In this essay, I will stress the general significance of Hazard's study, which I would characterize as comparative but not behavioral. This may seem


Regression trees are helpful tools for decision support and predictive analytics, due to their simple structure and the ease with which they can be obtained from data. Nonetheless, when applied to non-trivial datasets, they tend to grow according to the complexity of the data, becoming difficult to interpret. This difficulty can be overcome by clustering the dataset and representing the regression tree of each cluster independently. In order to help create predictive models that are more comprehensible, we propose in this work a clustering perturbation method to reduce the size of the regression tree obtained from each cluster. A prototype has been developed and tested on several regression datasets.


OBJECTIVE To compare the content determination of metformin hydrochloride tablets by two methods.METHODS Using UV and HPLC determinate the content of metformin hydrochloride tablets,and comparison the two methods with operation,accuracy and precision.RESULTS The two methods all could be used in content determination of metformin hydrochloride tablets.The precision of HPLC was better.CONCLUSION HPLC was suitable for determinding the content of metformin hydrochloride tablets and was better than UV.


The evaluation of asset refers to the impartial social intermediary service industry existing in our economic life. It is playing a more and more important role in market-centered socialist economy. The paper proposes detailed concept of promoting healthy industrial development based on the discussion on the main existing problems deeply-rooted in the evaluation of asset industry.


Numerical simulation and comparison with standard experimental data of turbulent premixed combustion occurring at large Reynolds and moderately large Damkohler numbers (a situation which is typical in industrial burners) have been presented. The simulation has been performed in the framework of the Turbulent Flame-speed Closure (TFC) combustion model, developed in [1-4], which makes use of a theoretical expression for the turbulent combustion velocity for the closure of the progress variable transport equation. This model is based on the concept of the Intermediate Steady Propagation (ISP) regime of combustion in real combustors, i.e. when the turbulent flame propagates with equilibrium turbulent flame speed but has flame brush thickness growing according to the turbulent dispersion law. These ISP flames precede usually analysed 1D stationary flames, and from the theoretical point of view they are in fact intermediate asymptotic of the combustion process between the period of formation of developed turbulent flames and 1D stationary flames. Numerical results of turbulent premixed combustion in a two-dimensional planar channel at parameters that correspond to real industrial combustors have been compared with corresponding standard experimental data on a high speed turbulent premixed flame [9]. Finally, it has been explained in the framework of the TFC combustion model that "countergradient transport", i.e. the necessity to use a negative effective diffusion coefficient to describe experimental heat and progress variable fluxes inside the flame, is an inherent feature of turbulent premixed flames, and is connected with direct dependence of the second order velocity-scalars correlation on combustion. It has been shown that the existence of the countergradient transport phenomenon is not in contradiction with the actual increasing of the flame brush width.


Aims: To study the corneal astigmatism in manual small incision cataract surgery following temporal incision, superior incision, superotemporal incision and superior incision with infinity suture. Setting: Government Medical College, Kozhikode; Government Medical College, Palakkad Design: Retrospective Study Material and Method: This study included cases of cataract surgery done during 9 months period from January 2016 to September 2016 at Government Medical College Palakkad. A retrospective Chart review of 199 eyes of 199 patients was done to assess the post operative corneal astigmatism. Visual Acuity & Keratometry was recorded preoperatively and at 2 months post operatively. The results were tabulated into four groups: Superior incision with infinity suture, temporal incision, Superotemporal incision and Superior incision. Postoperative corneal astigmatism, induced corneal astigmatism and post operative visual acuity were analyzed among the four groups. Statistics: SPSS analysis, Microsoft Excel Result: 82 (41.2%) patients had undergone SICS with superior incision, 45 (22.6%) patients had SICS with superior incision with infinity suture, 42(21.1%) patients had undergone SICS with superotemporal incision and 30 (15%) patients had undergone SICS with temporal incision. Post operatively the mean corneal astigmatism at two months was significantly higher in the superior with infinity suture group (1.6444 ±0.640) and superior section group (1.548 ± 0.767) and lowest in the temporal (0.4750 ± 0.401) followed by superotemporal section group (1.035 ± 0.656) The induced corneal astigmatism was lowest in the in the Temporal section group(-0.158 ±0.3181 followed by 0.2917 ±0.6460 in the superotemporal section group and 0.5722 ±0.6563 in the Superior section with infinity suture group and highest in the superior section group ( 0.7622 ±0.7119). This difference in the four groups is found to be statistically significant (p=0.000). Conclusion: Temporal incision induces the least corneal astigmatism followed by superotemporal incision. Highest corneal astigmatism is induced by Superior incision. Infinity suture will help in marginally reducing the corneal astigmatism.


This process compares optimal current consumption to an actual instantaneous consumption. The optimal consumption is calculated based on: - the characteristics of the vehicle - traffic conditions, - time constraints predeterminees.Les vehicle characteristics and traffic conditions to determine a cost associated with fuel consumption depending on vehicle speed and speed limit values admissible.Les time constraints to determine a cost associated with a possible increase in travel time, the resulting cost function is analyzed to determine optimal operating parameters, and indications are given to the driver so that he can act on his conduct in order to achieve optimal consumption.


Cutaneous melanoma incidence continues to rise, imposing a sizable burden on health services and society1 . The strongest known risk factor for melanoma is the presence of many melanocytic naevi2 . Naevus prevalence studies use a variety of counting methods from objective counts by dermatologists or research staff, to self-counts. This diversity likely contributes to the variation seen in prevalence estimates3 . Expert counts are more accurate but are labour-intensive and costly.


This paper analyzes the theoretical accuracy limitation of synchrophasors measurements on phase angle and frequency of the power grid. Factors that cause the measurement error are analyzed, including error sources in the instruments and in the power grid signal. Different scenarios of these factors are evaluated according to the normal operation status of power grid measurement. Based on the evaluation and simulation, the errors of phase angle and frequency caused by each factor are calculated and discussed.


A 12 year-old boy presented with neurological symptoms and was found to have a left atrial myxoma. Characteristic facial skin pigmentation raised a suspicion of Carney complex, a rare autosomal dominant disease, which includes cutaneous changes, atrial myxomas and neuroendocrine tumours. The boy's mother had similar skin pigmentation and on subsequent cardiac echocardiography she was found to have left and right atrial myxomas. Both mother and child underwent successful surgical resection of the myxomas.


Boating Under the Influence (BUI) has recently become a topic of significant concern. Employing a sample of 1,082 young adult boaters, we explore demographic characteristics of those who seek various levels of intoxication while boating and apply several of the leading criminological theories to the study of BUI. We evaluate self-report measures of intoxicated boating, buzzed boating, and BUI. Results indicate that social learning theory and low self-control are leading predictors of BUI. We conclude that given the social nature and cultural acceptance of drinking while boating, simply lowering the blood alcohol content legal limit may not solve the BUI problem.


Shopping trolley is a necessary tool for shopping in supermarkets or grocery stores. On the other hand, it is inconvenient and time wasting for customers who are in rush to search for desired products in a supermarket. The trolley is implemented in such a way that it will automatically move in accordance to the movement of the human. The shopping trolley is equipped with a Kinect sensor, computer system, Arduino UNO Microcontroller, Motor Driver L293D and a servo motor. The Kinect provides a skeletal data as well as depth data. The depth data contain the distance information in form of binary bits. This depth data is used to maintain the distance between the human and the trolley. The data is processed by MATLAB and will rise the interrupt to the Arduino is based on the skeletal data and depth data. Based on the interrupts generated in the Arduino UNO and motor driver will move the trolley


When it comes to civil society organizations – which can act as promoters or violators of human rights and peace – scientific enquiry and its results (from new theories to technologies) can enhance or hinder safety, wellbeing or dialogue. Or they can simply remain irrelevant – just another stone in the "ivory tower" of knowledge, with no impact outside it.


The structural characterization of metal porphyrins has been traditionally challenging as a result of their large structural and compositional diversity. In the present paper, we show the advantages of gas-phase, postionization separations for the fast identification and structural characterization of metal octaethylporphyrins (Me–OEP) from complex mixtures using trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) coupled to ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). TIMS–FT-ICR MS allows for the separation of Me–OEP (Me = Mn, Ni, Zn, V═O, and Ti═O) within a crude oil sample based on accurate mass and mobility signatures (with a mobility resolving power of RIMS ∼ 150–250). Accurate collision cross sections are reported for Me–OEP in nitrogen as bath gas (CCSN2). Inspection of the Me–OEP mobility spectra showed a single mobility component distribution for Me–OEP (Me = Mn, Ni, and Zn) and a multi-component distribution for the two metal carbonyls, vanadyl (V═O) and titanyl (Ti═O) Me–OEP. Candidate structures ...


For high-temperature JET and TFTR discharges, electron cyclotron emission (ECE) measurements of central electron temperature were systematically found to be up to 20% higher than those taken with Thomson scattering. In recent high-performance JET discharges, central Te measurements, performed with LIDAR Thomson scattering and the X-mode ECE interferometer, have been studied in a large database, including deuterium (DD), and deuterium-tritium plasmas (DT). Discrepancies between Te measurements have been observed outside of the experimental uncertainties. ECE measurements, at high Te, have been found to be higher or lower than those of LIDAR, depending on the specific plasma scenario. In addition, discrepancies between the peaks of the second and third harmonic ranges of the ECE spectrum have been interpreted as evidence for the presence of non-Maxwellian features in the electron distribution function. These comparisons seem to suggest that such features can be found in most of the high-performance scenarios selected in this JET database.


In response to Wirth's claim that settlement type influences interpersonal relationships, Gans has argued that such influences can be completely explained by demographic differences between the populations of the various settlement types. However, Gans has ignored the possibility of interaction between settlement type and demographic characteristics. This study tests the influence of city versus suburban settlement type on interpersonal estrangement. In anticipating that interaction effects will be found, it is hypothesized that the influence on estrangement of demographic variables which represent vulnerability to strangers will differ between city and suburb. This "vulnerability hypothesis" is supported, particularly as it pertains to the child-rearing lifecycle stage. It is concluded that while the effect of settlement type on estrangement cannot be explained by demographic characteristics, it is largely confined to persons who possess certain characteristics. The relationship between settlement type and the quality of interpersonal relationships has long been debated in urban sociology. The debate rests on two divergent points of view, the first of which is associated with Louis Wirth. Wirth argues that the ecological characteristics of the city settlement type, that is, its great population size, density, and social heterogeneity,. independently reduce the quality of interpersonal relationships generally, and in particular produce interpersonal enstrangement (see also Park; Simmel). Wirth notes that in the city, it is not possible for residents to know all others personally, and those who are known tend to be so in a distant and secondary way. Further, city-dwellers treat each other with indifference and not infrequently with distrust owing to the competitive, exploitive, and predatory social relationships engendered by large population size. The alternative point of view is associated with Herbert Gans. Gans (a) argues that the ecological characteristics of cities have little effect on


The article analyses the different forms of social control practiced on populations of migrant workers according to whether the men are in the village, in transit or at migration sites ; it also takes into consideration the respective social positions of migrants and settled inhabitants. The author begins by identifying and analyzing discrepancies in behaviors between mountain and valley, which are revealed by delinquency and how it is managed, and uses the few matters brought before royal or seignioral courts, as well as a systematic inventory of acts drawn up by notaries, to penetrate the way in which justice was exercized in the village and to grasp how the family, the community and the organization of work impinge, according to the situation, on individuals.


The present invention provides an ink jet apparatus for controllably releasing a plurality of substances onto a substrate, having at least a print head having a nozzle, further, a transducer provided to eject a droplet from the nozzle having at least, in the inkjet apparatus, the detection of the behavior of the transducer, an ink jet apparatus characterized by detecting means capable of identifying the material to each other are arranged.


In the description of the chronology of the Paleolithic cultures from various localities of Japan, as well as of the world, the famous glacial succession in the Alpine Forelands is commonly taken as the standard. After reviewing the chronology and correlation in the standard areas of the Pleistocene subdivisions in Europe, a proposal is made to avoid confusion in the international correlation of the Middle and Late Pleistocene including the ages of the Paleolithic cultures arising from the application of the Alpine climate units to those outside the Alpine Forelands. It is suggested that the usage of European stage names be avoided and that domestic places be proposed on objective facts. The stratigraphic horizon of the oldest cultures reported from the northern part of the Kanto Region and other localities of Japan corresponds to the incipient phase of the last and most significant lowering of sea-level in the Late Pleistocene, which is well recognized throughout the coastal region of the Japanese Islands and adjacent areas.


Human-human interaction recognition has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to its wide applications in computer vision fields. Currently there are few publicly available RGBD-based human-human interaction datasets collected. This paper introduces a new dataset for human-human interaction recognition. Furthermore, a novel feature descriptor based on spatial relationship and semantic motion trend similarity between body parts is proposed for human-human interaction recognition. The motion trend of each skeleton joint is firstly quantified into the specific semantic word and then a Kernel is built for measuring the similarity of either intra or inter body parts by histogram interaction. Finally, the proposed feature descriptor is evaluated on the SBU interaction dataset and the collected dataset. Experimental results demonstrate the outperformance of our method over the state-of-the-art methods.


The aim of the experiment is to express and purify recombinant His-tagged Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) protein inEscherichia coli (E.coli) using metal affinity chromatography. GFP is an excellent trafficking tool in modern biochemistry. The protein was expressed in E.Coli and introduced to the required organism by a plasmid transformation. Plasmid containing the GFP was controlled by the T7 promoter had ampicillin resistance and had an N-terminal His6 tag fusion to facilitate the process of purification in the later stages of experiment. The expression of proteins was confirmed by the SDS gel by comparing the bands widths. The goal of experiment was not fully met. Introduction: The main objective of the experiment is to express and purify recombinant His tagged, Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). GFP is a protein native to a jellyfish, Aequorea Victoriaand due to its remarkable fluorescence it has a vast amount of applications in modern biochemistry such as in vivo labelling and visualization of cells structures. Since the GFPs fluorescence disturbed by unfavorable conditions can recover in the correct pH and temperature it is incredibly useful in molecular biology and its ability to track "real time" changes in cells with a "naked eye" captured the attention of various researchers. (Wu et al., 2008) Another big advantage of using GFP over other molecular trackers is that it does not require any substrates or cofactors has a low toxicity towards examined cells and does not alter the localization of its fusion partner. (Kumar et al., 2016) GFP, presented by figure 1A, is a 238 amino acid protein that adapts a beta barrel fold. This particular structure, containing a chromophore is responsible for its fluorescent properties and if the fold is altered the fluorescence is lost. Given the usefulness of GFP in various aspects of molecular biology, a number of different protocols for its expression and purification have been designed. It is a relatively easy and stable protein to purify, hence being treated as a way of learning techniques and methods used in modern protein cloning and obtaining recombinant proteins. GFP chosen for the following experiment has a monomeric structure and possesses one mutation. E.Coli is an organism chosen for the expression of the recombinant GFP. This bacteria is one of the most common choices for the recombinant proteins production since it has very high and effective growth kinetics, doubling its amount in just 20 minutes. The bacteria's optimal growth is at 37 degrees Celsius in glucose and salt media, which is relatively cheap and easy to provide, making the E.Coli the appropriate organism suitable for the experiment.


The article provides an overview of the Russian philosophy studies in China over the past 16 years. In addition to the Russian religious philosophy and Marxist philosophy that traditionally enjoyed attention in China, research was also conducted in such areas as philosophy of culture, social philosophy, philosophy of science and technology, ethics, Eurasianism, political philosophy of Russia. The priority belongs to the philosophical thought of Nikolai Berdyaev, Lev Shestov, Vladimir Solovyov, Nikolai Fedorov, Semen Frank and Fyodor Dostoevsky. In addition to historical and philosophical works on Marxism in Russia and the USSR, many works have been devoted to the interpretations of Marxist philosophy by modern Russian scientists, such as Ivan Frolov, Teodor Oizerman, Evald Ilyenkov, Aleksandr Buzgalin et al. The directions and priorities in the study of Russian ethics, philosophy of science, philosophy of culture, philosophy of language are outlined. Narodniks movement and Slavophilism remain important areas of research; Eurasianism enjoys great attention. The philosophy of Ancient Russia and Russian Orthodoxy are presented in general and special works and translations. The article describes the activities of the Learned Society of Philosophy of Russia. Among the scientific events, a special place is assigned to the biennial All-China Academic Conference on the Philosophy of Russia. In the field of scientific cooperation between Russian and Chinese researchers, lecture series read by Russian scholars in China and Chinese scholars in Russia, as well as joint research projects are described. In the final Section, the problems existing in the research of Russian philosophy in China are indicated.


The government is to sell a majority shareholding in NHS Professionals, an NHS owned locum agency.

A spokeswoman for the Department of Health for England said that the when the new company took over NHS Professionals it would be able to use "NHS Professionals" as a trading name but would not be able to use the NHS brand logo.

NHS Professionals has a bank of over 90 000 workers, including locum doctors, nurses, and allied health professionals, and holds contracts with 55 NHS trusts.

In a written statement to the House of Commons the health minister …


A detailed study of the dehydration process of hydrated Nafion−Na membranes has been performed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and time-dependent (TD) FTIR, with the aim of investigating the water loss process during dehydration. The TGA data provide the absolute water weight loss, and TD FTIR spectra yield the relative IR intensity loss. Both TGA profiles and TD FTIR traces can be well fitted by second-order exponential decay, which implies two different dehydration processes, depending on water content. The fast process is attributable to high water level Nafion−Na (HWLN), with percolation structure and thus higher water diffusivity. The slow process is characteristic of low water level Nafion−Na (LWLN), with specific isolated cluster structure and lower diffusivity. For LWLN, the relative IR intensity loss of water bands is significantly faster and more extensive than the corresponding relative weight loss obtained by TGA. This deviation seriously calls into question the use of IR spectra as a q...


We have designed and fabricated a flip-chip-type gradiometer as a sensor for measurement of weak magnetic signals. The gradiometer consists of a directly coupled direct current superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) gradiometer coupled to a flux transformer made from a YBa2Cu3O7*/YBa2Cu3O7/CeO2/YSZ multilayer on 2 in. Si wafer, where YBa2Cu3O7*(YBCO*) is a nonsuperconducting crystalline film. The coupling coefficient of 0.18 is obtained for the flip-chip gradiometer. The transformer increases effectively the resolutions of the gradiometer. We obtain a magnetic field gradient resolution of 73 fT cm−1 Hz−1/2 in the white region, and 596 fT cm−1 Hz−1/2 at 1 Hz. The magnetocardiograms were successfully measured at a distance of nearly 100 mm from the gradiometer center to the human heart in a shielded room.


Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is haracterised by stenosis and obstruction of pulmonary arteries ith non-resolving organised thromboemboli combined with a ariable microvasculopathy. This can lead to elevated pulmonary ascular resistance (PVR), severe pulmonary hypertension (PH), ight heart failure, and finally, death [1,2]. Pulmonary endarterecomy (PEA) remains the standard treatment if patients with CTEPH ho are judged to be operable [2]. Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA), an endovascular proedure to dilate stenotic or obstructed pulmonary arteries, has merged as an alternative treatment option for patients with nonperable CTEPH (Fig. 1). The first case series, reported by Feinstein t al. in 2001, demonstrated a reduction in mean pulmonary artery ressure (mPAP) of 9 mmHg, but also reported that its mortalty rate was 5.6% [3]. With refinements in the technique, several eports, mainly from Japan, have succeeded in improving the effiacy and safety of BPA. These studies, mostly published since 2012, eported an overall reduction in mPAP of 21 mmHg from baseline nd a mortality rate of 1.5% after averaged 4 angioplasty sessions n each patient [4]. The most common complication of BPA is lung njury which is characterized by lung opacities on chest X-ray or omputed tomography resulting in hypoxia or hemoptysis (Fig. 2). he underlying cause of lung injury is distal vascular injury prooked by either iatrogenic wire injury, overdilation by the balloon r high reperfusion pressure in some cases [5]. Severe hemodyamic compromise is an important risk factor for lung injury during PA [6]. Recent approaches with undersized balloons may reduce r prevent vessel injury, but it would be less effective in each indiidual segment. In order to resolve this paradox, the highly expert enters are increasing the number of targeted lesions, segments and obes per session. There might be no limitation of treatment area, ecause high perfusion injury or balloon injury may be prevented ith undersized balloon. Secondary dilatation with an appropriate alloon size for the same lesions which had been approached with ndersized balloon in previous sessions can normalize pulmonary lood flow [5]. Moreover, difficult and high-risk lesions such as total cclusion have been treated aggressively at the highly experienced enters (those with more than 100 BPA sessions being performed er year) [5,6]. Thus, with not only accumulation of experience ut also refinements in technique, severe and fatal complications ould be minimised without sacrificing the efficacy of BPA. Almost normal hemodynamics achieved by BPA have been aintained up to 3.5 years after BPA [7]. Moreover, these hemoynamic improvements translate into excellent survival rates for atients who undergo BPA. In the aforementioned study, the


Accurately dimensioning inductive components requires a detailed model for calculating flux distributions. This can be achieved by coupling of a reluctance model of the magnetic core to an electric model of the windings and the rest of the circuit. For this reluctance model, the core is divided into sections and the reluctance of each section is determined. For core sections, analytical expressions exist or they can be determined by 2D finite element calculations as 3D effects are negligible. For the reluctance of the airgaps, the threedimensionality needs to be taken into account. For basic and widely used geometries, analytical expressions are available. But for leakage flux reluctances and for more complicated airgap geometries, e.g. in pot cores, no such expressions or fast calculation methods are available.


Abstract. Passive energy dissipation systems encompass a range of materials and devices for enhancing damping. They can be used both for natural hazard mitigation and for rehabilitation of aging or deficient structures. Among the current passive energy dissipation systems, tuned liquid column damper (TLCD), a class of passive control that utilizes liquid in a "U" shape reservoir to control structural vibration of the primary system, has been widely researched. Uncertainties can arise from simplifications in the model and from nonlinearities. To quantify uncertainties, random variables need to be associated with the systems parameters, such as stiffness and damping ratio, along with their probability density function. The Maximum Entropy Principle is used to construct the probability density function since it avoids using misinformation in the construction of model. In this paper the frequency response function of a system with a TLCD is investigated considering two cases of parameter uncertainty: the first considering uncertainties only in one parameter, the absorber damping ratio and the second considering uncertainties in two parameters, the absorber damping ratio and the structure stiffness. The results showed that, for the first case, the uncertainty is only predominant near the resonance and anti-resonance region and can indeed interfere in the optimum condition of the absorber. For the second case, the uncertainties are presented in all frequencies. Keywords: Tuned Liquid Column Damper,Vibration Absorber, Model  Uncertainty, Stochastic Analysis


This study entitled "Efforts to Improve Mathematics Learning Outcomes in Integer Materials for Class VII.B Students at SMP Negeri 8 Lubuklinggau by using the Quantum Teaching Learning Model". This study aims to improve mathematics learning outcomes in integers in class VII.B students at SMP Negeri 8 Lubuklinggau by using the Quantum Teaching Learning Model. This type of research is in the form of Classroom Action Research (CAR) carried out in pre-action activities, cycle one and cycle two, which consists of stages of planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The subjects of this study were class VII.B students of SMP Negeri 8 Lubuklinggau. Data was collected by using test techniques and equipped with activity observations, interviews and documentation. The data can be concluded that the average student learning outcomes pre-action is 59.3 with a percentage of completeness of 43.75%, so it is necessary to carry out cycle I. In cycle I using the Quantum Teaching model the

 average student learning outcomes increased to 66.75 with the percentage of completeness 56.25%. However, learning in cycle I has not achieved the desire for completeness so that cycle II learning is carried out. In cycle II, the average value of student learning outcomes has increased quite well, namely 74.38 with the percentage of completeness reaching 87.50%. The research activity was carried out only until the second cycle because the results of the class average were already above the KKM value for mathematics in class VII. The conclusion is that the use of the Quantum Teaching learning model can improve mathematics learning outcomes in the class VII.B integer material at SMP Negeri 8 Lubuklinggau.
Keywords: Mathematics, Quantum Teaching, Learning Outcomes


Microwave vehicle detectors (MVDs) using the Doppler principle have been used in Scotland for many years. The issuing of specification TR 2123 by the Department of Transport in 1992 resulted in a large number of MVDs being installed at junction signals in England. The Traffic Control User Group of the County Surveyors' Society has carried out a survey to establish whether MVDs are being installed and maintained adequately. The information obtained has been used to produce an installation specification and applications guide.


A novel scheme based on two-terminal network to distinguish the inrush current from the internal fault current in the power transformer is proposed. By eliminating the mutual flux linkage in the transformer loop equation, a two-terminal network containing only the winding resistance and the leakage inductance is generated. According to the absolute difference of active power (ADOAP) flowing into and consumed by the two-terminal network, the criterion to identify the internal fault is developed. A total of 162 experimental cases have been tested and the proposed method is able to reliably and accurately discriminate internal faults from inrush currents with easy implementation.


Lactoferrin in feces of healthy individuals was measured by means of latex agglutination method. Lactoferrin titers in 16 out of 31 fecal samples were under 1: 10, and that in 15 were 1: 10 or 1: 20. In the feces with high lactoferrin titer, large numbers of Bifidobacterium were present (more than 1010/g feces) ; conversely, in the feces with low lactoferrin titer, the numbers of Bifidobacterium were significantly lower (108-109/g feces) (p<0.05). In the feces with high lactoferrin titer, small numbers of Candida were present, but among the samples with low lactoferrin titer, some had large numbers and some had small numbers of Candida. It was demonstrated in vitro that lactoferrin accelerated the growth of Bifidobacterium and slightly suppressed the growth of Candida.


Abstract A characteristic feature of atmospheric circulation in the Antarctic is an intensive jet stream between the subtropical high‐pressude belt and the low‐pressure zone. Jet streams can be observed at any time of the year and are generally associated with cyclonic activity. The most common jet‐stream directions are out of the northwest (65%) and out of the northeast (28%). In most cases, cyclones are located to the right of the jet‐stream axis. Observations at Molodezhnaya station suggest that winds rise to storm force and visibility deteriorates within 10 to 12 hours after the appearance of a jet stream above the station.


Inclusion has been a topic of discussions and debate among adapted physical activity professionals since the 1980s. Although the initial discussions focused primarily on inclusion as a place or placement, the discourse today about inclusion must be expanded to incorporate issues of context, disability rights, and social justice. Inclusion must now be reconceptualized as an attitude or a process. Progressive inclusion and acceptance is not a myth but a reality. As international attention and efforts are focused on physical education as a right of all children, APA professionals must forego bandwagons and adopt a strong philosophical stance that guides our efforts toward achieving inclusive physical education.


- The aim of this research is to find the point of structure on Fiersa Besari's Novel, Tapak Jejak. The theory in this research is used to relate about the novel and the groove structure. This research used descriptive qualitative methods. The approach of this research is used by structural approach. the Data is based on quotation of groove structure which is the introduction of story situation (exposition), the disclosure of event (complication), conflict (rising action), the main conflict (turning point) and completion (ending) in Novel of Tapak Jejak by Fiersa Besari. Based on the analysis of the Novel, that concluded by, First, the opening of the story begins with the arrival of the main characters, Bung and Swarandee, on their trip to Ternate. Second, character Bung is confused about continuing his trip around East Indonesia. Third, begins with the character Aku has succeeded to finish his mission by stepping his foot on Manokwari, but character Aku has strong determination to achieve success at the eastern end of Indonesia. Fourth, in this climax he must decide his fate of character, he would succeed or fail. Beside character Bung lost his motivation on his journey to go around Indonesia. He also misses his family and hometown. Fifth, character Bung remembered his reason to did his journey throughout Eastern Indonesia and decide to came back to his hometown and gathers with his family.


The article is devoted to the description of a new method of numerical solution for hydrostatic approximation of incompressible hydrodynamic problems with free surfaces and variable density. This technique develops a model of multilayer shallow water, taking into account the mass and momentum exchange between the layers.


IPMOT is the integrated propulsion motor designed for an individual self-driven container rail platform wagon developed in the "integrated standard transport unit" research and development project, supported by the European Commission. The paper presents the study of the motor and the converter temperatures, at rated and overload working conditions. The problem is afforded using both the simulation (FEM and lumped parameters models) and the experimental approaches. For this purpose a dedicated experimental set up has been designed and realised


Akee apple fruit ( Blighia sapida Konig), is one of the popular small-scale tropical fruits and it is an important crop. B. sapida may be eaten raw (without the pink raphe attaching the aril to the seed) or after cooking when it resembles scrambled eggs. Fruits like the akee apple are novelties for many people except in the savannah belt; in the localities where they grow they are eaten and relished. In view of this, an investigation into the concentrations of amino acids of the aril and seed parts of Blighia sapida fruit was carried out using standard methods to determine amino acid profiles; quality of dietary protein was determined using various methods like: amino acid scores determination [(in three different ways); (i) amino acid score based on the whole hen's egg, (ii) essential amino acid score based on the provisional amino acid scoring pattern, (iii) essential amino acid score based on suggested school child requirement] essential amino acid index and predicted protein efficiency ratio. For quick precipitation of protein, the isoelectric point was also determined. Glutamic acid was the most abundant amino acid (11.4-12.7 g/100 g) and while Arg was the most abundant (7.25 g/100 g) essential amino acid in the aril, it was Leu (6.58 g/100 g) in the seed. The total essential amino acid in aril was 33.7 g/100 g (50.2 %). It was 33.8 g/100 g (45.8 %) in the seed. The limiting essential amino acid (based on provisional scoring pattern) was Met + Cys (0.60) in aril and Thr (0.59) in seed. The essential amino acid index ranged from 1.08 (seed) to 1.62 (aril); the predicted protein efficiency ratio was 1.83 in aril and 2.20 in the seed whereas the isoelectric point ranged between 3.89 in aril and 4.0 in the seed. At a 0.05, significant differences existed in the samples in amino acid profiles and calculated isoelectric point (pI). The results of this study indicated that the amino acid profiles of akee apple aril and seed are similar in composition, being good sources of many of the essential amino acids. Whilst the aril is eaten fresh, the seed can be exploited for human food. Key words: Blighia sapida, amino acid profiles, quality


Abstract Near-separatrix motion is a kind of motion of two planets with their relative apsidal longitude near the boundary between libration and circulation. Observed multiple planetary systems seem to favor near-separatrix motions between neighboring planets. In this report, we study the probability that near-separatrix motion occurs with both the linear secular system and full three-body systems. We find that generally the ratio of near-separatrix motion is small unless the eccentricities of the two planets differ from each other by an order of magintude, or they are in mean motion resonance. To explore the dynamical procedures causing the near-separatrix motion, we suppose a modification to scattering model by adding a mass-accretion process during the protoplanet growth. Statistics on the modified scattering model indicate that the probability of the final planet pairs in near-separatrix motion is high (∼ 85%), which may explain the high occurrence of near-separatrix motions in observed planetary systems.


The present invention discloses a sheet fixing device for use in ethylene resin as a chamber in the greenhouse, this means not only to prevent the sheet fixing wrinkles and breaking the sheet, but also greatly improve the efficiency of mounting and dismounting of the pressing frame. Fixing means comprises an elongated sheet having a narrow opening portion of the support frame 1; pressing frame 3, it is fitted in the elongated support frame, and an elongated support frame for fixing the clamping fitting sheet; and a pressing member 6, it 3 fitted in the pressing frame, for pressing the pressing frame to the inner wall of the elongated support frame 1. Pressing frame 3 without bending or twisting.


The article outlines the path that humanity is developing from Homo sapiens to digital human being in three main vectors. The latest high-tech devices have been proven to provide a tight interactive connection with the user, thus gradually becoming an integral part of the biological body and human consciousness, a kind of organs or chains for transmitting nerve signals. The possibility of combining carbon technology (human) with silicon technology (artificial intelligence, implants, robotics) creates a powerful new challenge for legal doctrine, one of the main tasks of which is to describe the legal characteristics of digital human being, determine his or her legal status in the law system. To generalize the concepts of transhuman and posthuman, which operates on transhumanism, the author proposes to use the common term of digital human being. The necessity of directing state regulation to limit or prevent the antisocial use of improved physical and cognitive properties by digital human being is argued. The possibility of quantum immortality is considered. It has been suggested that new rights, responsibilities, and freedoms may emerge that now exist only in theory or even beyond imagination and discussion. They can become the subject of supernatural law as the successor of natural law. The possibility of the transition of the decision-making process from a digital human being to artificial intelligence in its implant, when the brain will continue to receive signals that will form the illusion of free will, is analysed. It is proved that a digital human being must be recognized as a special persona of legal relations.


In this study, cholesteryl 4-n-alkoxybenzoates (Chol-n), with alkyl groups used for controlling the temperature of transition to the liquid crystal phase, were synthesized, and the effects of the length of the alkyl groups on the physical properties of the liquid crystal compounds were investigated. The chemical structures and thermal and liquid crystalline properties of the synthesized compounds were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and polarizing optical microscopy (POM). The synthesized compounds showed melting transition temperatures (Tm) in the range of 103 °C to 143 °C and all of the compounds except Chol-6 exhibited a wide liquid crystal phase temperature range of about 60 °C to 100 °C. No correlation between the number of carbon atoms in the molecule and the thermal properties of the compounds was found. All of the synthesized compounds showed an enantiotropic cholesteric phase, which was accompanied by a chiral smectic phase in the compounds Chol-6, Chol-8, Chol-9, and Chol-10. All of the compounds exhibited thermochromism in the liquid crystal state, and their color changed from red to blue as the temperature was increased.


The effect of herdage for managing the rocky desertification and sustainable development in the southwest karst area was discussed on the base of analysing the problem existed in managing rocky desertification in the karst area.And advancing propaganda,improving cognition,playing the main force of the government,increasing the investment of money and knowledge, increasing quality of the labours were put forward.


The present invention discloses a CMOS full-adder and method relates to the field of integrated circuit technology, the CMOS full-adder carry output includes a series circuit and an output circuit and a standard; the carry output circuit comprising: an inverter and a parallel the circuits P1 and N1 circuit; said circuit P1 and N1 are connected to the circuit of the inverter; standard and said output circuit comprises: a circuit inverter P2 and N2 and a parallel circuit; said circuit P2 and the said circuit N2 are connected to said inverter; P2 said circuit comprising: a parallel circuit of a circuit P21 and P22; N2 said circuit comprising: a parallel circuit of a circuit N21 and N22; the present invention is to ensure that N-bit adder composed of while it is having a significant speed advantage of reducing the number of MOS transistors, reducing the load capacitance of the internal node and the input signal of the full adder unit, and can improve the operating speed of the circuit and reduces power dissipation.


Azoles: Mechanism of Action A lthough the exact mechanism of action of azole antifungals is not known, it is believed that they act primarily by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis by selectively inhibiting cytochrome P-450 enzymes. Ergosterol is a key constituent of the cell membrane of fungi, and inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis leads to fungal cell injury, primarily by the leakage of intracellular components from the cell [Physicians' Desk Reference. 60 ed. Montvale, NJ: Thomson; 2006:23832384].


The inputs of titanium and tungsten to a 0.6 acre (2323 m2) road surface area were investigated. The selection of a viaduct at Pullman, Washington as a study area permitted the exclusion of metal input from sources other than the road surface. Dustfall and precipitation were sampled at the viaduct and at a control station. Titanium and tungsten were not detected in precipitation samples at levels of 1.0 and 15 mg/1 in the diluted sample digests, respectively. Tungsten was also not detected in dust samples. Average deposition rates for titanium in dust were found to be 43.6 mg/m2/day at the viaduct stations and 44.3 mg/m2/day at the control station. Road runoff was collected and flow was measured during three storm events. Rainfall intensity and traffic density were also monitored. The mean concentration of titanium in the road runoff was 12.7 mg/1 while tungsten varied from non‐detectable (2.5 mg/1) to 25 mg/1. A mathematical model was developed allowing estimation of metal loadings for a typical storm ev...


A 92-year old man presented with a 5-day history of obstipation, nausea, and vomiting. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen revealed a 4.1-cm gallstone impacted in the sigmoid colon (Figure 1). The proximal colon was diffusely dilated in caliber consistent with obstruction (Figure 1B). The CT also showed a cholecystocolic fistula at the hepatic flexure of the colon (Figure 2) with an edematous gallbladder wall and a residual 3.8-cm gallstone. Under colonoscopic guidance the stone was fragmented using intraluminal shock wave lithotripsy and other endoscopic techniques. The pieces were retrieved (Figure 3, shown reassembled). Cholecystectomy, common hepatic duct repair, and fistula takedown were electively performed to prevent recurrence. Gallstone ileus is the mechanical impaction of gallstones within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It requires the formation of either a biliary-enteric fistula or less often a choledocho-enteric fistula. Usually the stone must be 2 cm or greater to cause obstruction. The site of obstruction is typically the terminal ileum or ileocecal valve because of the smaller diameter lumen and less active peristalsis. Although mortality rates approach 15%, this patient did remarkably well with early recognition, use of complex endoscopic removal, and avoidance of urgent laparotomy.


Few demographics bear as much of the world's disease burden as women living in developing countries. Those who escape the myriad risks of their own birth and childhood go on to face as adolescents and adults not only those diseases common to both sexes, but also high rates of pregnancy complications, female malignancies, and—in many countries—a disproportionate burden of human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and other infectious diseases. Nowhere is the chasm between the health outcomes of the rich and the poor more evident than in the metric of maternal mortality, where the per-pregnancy risk of death for women living in the world's poorest nations can be as much as 300 times that faced by those living in the industrialized world. Two articles in this month's issue of Obstetrics & Gynecology shed light on the state of women's reproductive health in developing nations and why progress toward Safe Motherhood goals is sluggish (see pages 517 and 525). Both involve large population surveys, and both point to important barriers to health access for women in developing countries. In a secondary analysis of Pakistan's Demographic and Health Survey, Nasrullah and colleagues assess the association between child marriage and use of maternal health services in Pakistan. The survey, which provides a nationally representative sample, found that an astonishing two thirds of ever-married respondents aged 15 years to 24 years were married before the age of 18 years. As might be expected, respondents who were married as children were less likely to access modern obstetric services such as antenatal care and facility delivery. Child marriage is endemic in South Asia and a contributor to the grim ranking that Pakistan holds (134th of 135 countries evaluated) on the 2012 Gender Gap Index, a composite measure of economic participation, educational attainment, health, and political empowerment. Pakistan's maternal mortality ratio, also a contributor to the Gender Gap Index, is 276 per 100,000 live births. This is the second-highest ratio in South Asia—only Afghanistan is worse—and among the highest of Pakistan's wealth-matched peers. Although a full discussion of the socio-cultural, economic, and structural barriers to good maternal health outcomes in Pakistan is beyond the scope of this editorial, it seems clear that meaningful change is unlikely to come until the country is able to move women from the economic and social margins of society into the valued mainstream. Nasrullah's analysis suggests that there remains work to be done. In a related article, Groen et al, working in the West African nation of Sierra Leone, evaluated data collected in a national survey of surgical services to estimate rates of maternal mortality and to assess women's access to obstetric and family planning services. The survey found low See related articles on pages 517 and 525.


Nine sites were chosen, five of them were old excavation pits and the other three new excavation pits with one (un excavation pit) in the Greater Zab river. Samples were collected at nine sites for six months, from July to December 2013. Some physical and chemical parameters were analyzed at studied sites  including, water and air temperature,  pH,  EC, turbidity, DO, BOD 5 , COD, NH 4 + , NO 2 - , NO 3 - , TDN and TDP. Sites 6, 7 and 8 tended to have higher turbidity. The lower value of dissolved oxygen recorded at site 2. The highest COD, BOD 5 , NH 4 + and TDP levels were recorded at Site 2. Site 8 had the highest value of NO 3 - , NO 2 - and TDN. The average value of the Water Quality Index based on European standard -WQI was ranged from 47% to 67%. WQI for sites 1, 3, 4, 5 and 9 fall under medium category, meanwhile, for the rest sites (sites 2, 6, 7, 8) fall under bad category. Sixty nine species of zooplankton were identified, which belonged to rotifer with fourteen families and forty four species with percentage composition of 88.17%. Rotifera forms a prominent group among the zooplankton, followed by Copepoda with one family and eleven species with percentage composition of 6.02%, then by Cladocera with four families and fourteen species with percentage composition of 5.79%. The highest density of zooplankton was obtained at site 2.  According to Shanon-Weiner index, site 4 had the highest diversity. Concerning to Sorensen similarity index, the highest percentage of similarity to zooplankton community occurred between site 2 and site 4 reached to 84%.Concerning to the benthic macro –invertebrates, only three species- Limnodrilus hoffmeistern; Limnodrilus spirals; Limnodrilus claparedeianus were found. The high density of benthic invertebrate was observed at sites 1 and 2, on the other hand, zooplanktons and benthic macro –invertebrates were clearly absent at sites 6, 7, 8 and 9.


We have examined how the ILR1-like auxin conjugate hydrolase gene family has functionally evolved in the gymnosperm species Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) and Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda). We have isolated and cloned two orthologues from spruce (PsIAR31, PsIAR32) and one from pine (PtIAR31) that are homologous to the Arabidopsis thaliana AtIAR3 auxin amidohydrolase. We have previously examined the enzymatic activity of PsIAR31 using a thin layer chromatography method. Using more sensitive HPLC methods, we have re-investigated the hydrolytic activity and substrate recognition of both PsIAR31 and PsIAR32. Neither PsIAR31 nor PsIAR32 appears to hydrolyze indole butyric acid (IBA) or indole proprionic acid (IPA) conjugates. Additionally, we have found that PsIAR31 and -32 recognize several IAA conjugates (including IAA-ala, IAA-asp, IAA-gluc, and IAA-isoleu). The PtIAR31 enzyme seems to primarily recognize IBA-alanine as a substrate. Using phylogenetic analysis, we also found a family of five putative paralogue hydrolases in both the pine (PtIAR31-35) and the spruce (PsIAR31-35) genomes. This result supports the hypothesis that multiple copies of auxin conjugate hydrolase genes have been present since gymnosperms evolved, and that this redundancy did not arise later in angiosperms.


An embossing machine for a wooden floor surface is disclosed, comprising a frame, wherein a fixed platform and a movable platform fitting with the fixed platform are disposed on the frame; a pattern template is installed on the fixed platform or the movable platform; a floor machined part is placed on the pattern template; a limit block having a thickness which is equal to or slightly less than the total superposed thickness of the pattern template and the floor machined part is disposed on the fixed platform or the movable platform; and the movable platform is driven by a hydraulic transmission mechanism. The embossing machine for a wooden floor surface disclosed by the utility model utilizes a proper pressing location block, so that an embossment-shaped pattern is just pressed on the floor surface and is ensured not to further compress the floor body to change the original thickness of the floor; the device is simple in structure, convenient and reliable to operate and apply, as well as high in production efficiency.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a cavity filter. The cavity filter comprises a cavity body, a cover plate, a first circuit board and a second circuit board, wherein the cover plate seals and covers the cavity body to form a resonant cavity and a circuit board accommodating area, wherein the first circuit board and the second circuit board are stacked in the circuit board accommodating area. In the cavity filter of the embodiment of the invention, due to the adoption of the configuration of circuit board stack, the circuit boards occupy small space, the structure is compact, and the volume of equipment is reduced; and simultaneously because the connecting paths among the circuit boards are shortened, the loss is reduced, and the product performance index and the reliability are improved. In addition, the embodiment of the invention also discloses a signal processing module and communication equipment.


The funding of the Luxembourg pension system is based on a pay-as-you-go system and hence on an intergenerational contract. As is the case for most other European countries, this system will be exposed to the effects of demographic ageing over the coming decades. The aim of this paper is to develop a model that allows for evaluating the efficiency of a diversified pension system financed partly by a pay-as-you-go scheme and partly by capitalization. The efficiency is measured by the long term sustainability of the system. We compare the sustainability of our model to the one of a pure pay-as-you-go system.