Secondary new particle formation is an important source of the number concentration of atmospheric aerosols. Despite relatively high coagulation sinks contributed by pre-existing aerosols, intensive new particle formation occurs frequently in polluted atmospheric environments such as in urban Beijing. Considering the measured concentrations of sulfuric acid and organic compounds, the contrast between the high coagulation sink and the frequent intensive NPF events in urban Beijing indicates an efficient nucleation mechanism. Based on long-term atmospheric measurements conducted at the campus of Beijing University of Chemical Technology, we show that sulfuric acid-amine nucleation is a governing mechanism to initiate new particle formation in urban Beijing. The molecular-level mechanism of sulfuric acid-amine nucleation, especially with low amine concentrations and high aerosol concentrations, are discussed. We present evidence for the existence of the missing amine molecules in the measured H2SO4-amine clusters. A neutral cluster needs to be ionized before it is detected by a mass spectrometer. Deprotonation or clustering with an additional reagent ion changes the stability of the original neutral cluster. Therefore, the amine molecules in neutral H2SO4-amine clusters may dissociate before detection. Combining measurements and cluster kinetic simulations, we show that although not directly detected, a considerable proportion of H2SO4 monomers exist in the form of (H2SO4)1(amine)1, where the amine is most likely to be dimethylamine or trimethylamine. The evaporation rate of (H2SO4)1(amine)1 is moderate and forming (H2SO4)1(amine)1 is a critical step for H2SO4-amine nucleation. According to nucleation theory, (H2SO4)1(amine)1 is the critical cluster at a low amine concentration, whereas H2SO4-amine nucleation may occur without a free energy barrier at a high amine concentration. The clustering between (H2SO4)1(amine)1 and (H2SO4)n(amine)n is a major reaction pathway for the initial growth of H2SO4-amine clusters. These findings are supported by the measured H2SO4 dimer concentration and its dependencies on amine concentrations and temperature in urban Beijing. Besides, the enhancement of cluster growth rate due to synergy between amines and ammonia are discussed.


There is no quantitative accuracy analysis currently for using high-speed camera to test the motion paths of targets. Taking a certain type of infrared decoy as a research example,we analyze the key factors affecting the measuring precision for the method.And the quantitative accuracy analysisis realized under certain conditions.


The reaction of the hydroxycyclohexadienyl radical (HO–C6H6)
(the adduct from the benzene + OH reaction) with O2 has been investigated using laser flash photolysis with UV-absorption spectroscopic detection, and DFT and ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. An absolute absorption spectrum was measured for the benzene–OH adduct, and its reaction with O2, giving a peroxy radical species, was seen to be equilibrated around room-temperature. An equilibrium constant of 1.15 ± 0.6 × 10−19 cm3 molecule−1 was determined at 295 K from an analysis of transient absorption signals using a detailed reaction mechanism. Equilibrium constants were obtained in this way at six different temperatures between 265 and 345 K. The temperature-dependence of these data indicates that the ΔH0298 and ΔS0298 for the title reaction are −10.5 ± 1.3 kcal mol−1 and −33.9 ± 1.4 cal K−1 mol−1 respectively (second-law analysis of the data, 2σ errors). A third-law analysis of the data (using a value for ΔS0298 of −38.3 cal K−1 mol−1, derived from DFT and ab initio calculations) yields a value for ΔH0298 of −11.7 ± 0.2 kcal mol−1, which compares with an ab initio calculated value of −12.2 kcal mol−1. Absorption signals at 260–275 nm, in the presence of high concentrations of O2, were observed that are consistent with the presence of the benzene–OH peroxy radical, and with stable products of its chemistry. Equilibrium constants obtained from these data agree well with our other determinations. The effective lifetime of the equilibrium system—adduct + O2 ⇌ adduct − O2—is dictated either by an additional, irreversible reaction of the benzene–OH adduct with O2 or by a unimolecular transformation of the peroxy species. Assuming the former case, a bimolecular rate constant of around 5.5 ± 3.0 × 10−16 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 was estimated from a kinetic simulation of our decay signals. This rate constant does not appear to vary significantly between 265 and 320 K, but it must be emphasised that it was estimated with a fairly high uncertainty.


Damage and attack size of cyber terror is growing to the national size. Not only targeting at a certain companies or individuals but number of cyber terror targeting government bodies or unspecific people is increasing. This is because compared to traditional weapon, input cost is very cheap but ripple effect and shock are much stronger, affecting not only certain groups but also each individuals. 'Anti-terror measurement for protection of nation and public safety' passed last month is one of the renowned measurement passed regardless of objection from opposition party. The opposition party went against this through filibuster for 192 hours but this finally passed National Congress due to lack of oppositions. Korean government is taking post actions after passage of anti-terror measurement. Legislation of enforcement ordinance and regulations is due by 6th of next month. This regulation will be executed from June 4th after legislation. Whenever there is any security issues such as hacking of Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power and National Intelligence Service happens, lot of attention is made to those hackers. However, social recognition or management of those hackers need lot more improvement. Especially, as market of internet of things is increasing, there is an increased anxiety on information security. But as we only rely on security solutions, this problems are keep happening. Therefore, active investment on nurturing hackers who play the role of 'spear and shield' shall be made. Government should put more efforts to allow white hackers to show their abilities. We should have a policy for supporting high-quality programs such as BoB. To make information protection industry into future growth engine, it is necessary to nurture professionals for information protection and white hackers through special programs. Politicians should make related regulations as soon as possible to remove factors that prevent swift management of cyber attack due to lack of legislation. Government should pay lot more financial investment to nurturing professional manpower than now. Protecting life and asset of nation is responsibility and duty of our government. We all should recognize that controlling cyber attack is a part of national defense.


This article presents a definition and discussion of direct selling, a marketing method that has received scant attention in the literature. Direct selling is discussed from operational, tactical, and strategic perspectives, and a summary of the available knowledge about direct selling—its worldwide revenues, product and service lines sold, its customers, and its salespeople—is presented and referenced. A suggested research agenda is offered in hopes of stimulating academics, practitioners, and students to develop greater knowledge and understanding of direct selling.


1 Is truth dead in the information age? A president who entitles nuclear energy to be renewable and emission-free and congratulates the army for taking over airports during the American revolutionary war; an enormous search engine using big data to suggest the fastest route home from work or to apparently know your consumer habits better than yourself; a filter bubble of flat-earthers who conspire against the so-called lie-spreading government which sprays population-controlling chemtrails into the sky; welcome to the 21st century. Since these uncanny and twisted examples are abstracted from our everyday lives, it is possible to draw parallels between the fictional world of the dystopian novel "Nineteen Eighty-Four" (1949) by George Orwell and the distorted reality fabricated by political spokesmen and social media. For instance, the surveillance through technology in the form of television screens observing the viewer are replaced by mobile devices continuously tracking your digital footprint. Moreover, "Newspeak", a language invented by the totalitarian party meant to prevent free thinking, gives way to political correctness in our society forcing public figures as well as anyone setting foot on the territory of the world wide web to mind their words. Therefore, it is no coincidence that the aforesaid manipulation tools and the emergence of buzzwords like 'fake news' and 'alternative facts' lead to the deduction that we live in an Orwellian world. Although some of the stated theories are reasonable, is it this straightforward to announce a truth decay as the result of emotions replacing facts? Is truth dead in the information age? Does George Orwell himself refer to the current situation when making a statement such as "The very concept of objective truth is fading out of the world. Lies will pass into history.". Firstly, and most importantly, some preliminary work to get a better grasp of the entire topic is required namely, to answer the following questions: What in particular is defined by the ubiquitous but vague term 'truth'? Why is the pursuit of wisdom and truth so deeply rooted in the subconsciousness of our species and do we even truly want to know the truth? How did humanity handle the issue of knowledge sharing before the emergence of the data processing machine we call computers? Which circumstances and real-life examples lead to this bold and striking claim that truth is dead? Which arguments dispel it? Rather than a thorough and in-depth analysis, this essay is primarily meant to be food for thought covering different subject areas ranging from physics, through politics, to philosophy.


In Shanghai offshore area,four years of coastline and underwater topography data in 1983,1997,2002 and 2009,respectively,are analyzed and compared synthetically for recovering the topography evolution history and exploring their driving mechanisms.The results show that the Shanghai coastal area was generally in a silting-up state since 1983,but the evolutional patterns and dominant mechanisms changed remarkably in different stages.In the first stage from 1983 to 1997,the local coastline and seabed were relatively stable,and controlled majorly by regular natural conditions;in the second stage from 1997 to 2002,abrupt change happened to the pattern of accretion and erosion under the leading control of 1998 big-flood event in the Yangtze River basin;whereas in the third stage from 2002 to 2009,the model of second stage was kept on and developed toward a new pattern different from the first stage,characterized by north accretion and south erosion,its dominant driving mechanism was transferred to big engineering projects in the Yangtze River basin and the research area.It's also proposed in this paper that,with the operation of South-North Water Diversion project,the local coastal erosion tends to increase in the following years,and close attention should be paid to its possible adverse effects.


This research examines the role played by the Defense Committee at the Chilean House of Deputies in regards to the decision making process known Policy Making Process (PMP). In this context, the study is based on the assumption that the Committee has more attributions than producing legislation, budget approving and similar bills, but also other key political activities. These other issues are related to supervising government's decisions in the Defense sector, as well as a direct relationship with each branch of the Armed Forces, being considered the possibility of direct in fl uence of each Congressman in each of the service


Urbanization phenomenon in today's society, indigenous culture put us in a bind, and causes the various cultures and subcultures , have been together . Migration of villagers and residents of small towns to big cities, the population density in the city is great . This led to a rapid increase in the price of rental housing and the overall level of prices rising and becoming more unequal distribution of wealth and income in the community have followed. Migrants to the big cities because of the better ones around town are causing marginalization . Furthermore , due to cultural differences , mutual understanding between immigrants and residents , and there is not proper . Therefore, abnormalities in this context occur . In this paper, we try to be aware of these abnormalities and issues surrounding , better ways to identify problems and take effective steps to overcome them . In recent decades , phenomena such as industrialization, population density , security, traffic pressure , reduced social emotions migration , marginalization , and social conflict and damage has accepted tradition of the metropolis . In this study, we examined some of the important cases .


The invention discloses a method for preparing an electroluminescent device. The method includes the steps of: providing a first electrode; depositing a first carrier injection layer on the first electrode, thereby forming a first electrode assembly; adopting a method of multiple times of transfer printing to manufacture a plurality of sequentially stacked functional film layers on the first electrode assembly, each time of transfer printing correspondingly manufacturing a functional film layer; and arranging a second electrode on the functional film layer which is the farthest from the first carrier injection layer. The preparation method can manufacture an electroluminescent device with a plurality of functional film layers, and is high in material utilization rate and low in cost.


The vast majority of oxygen in the bloodstream is carried on hemoglobin. Hemoglobin molecules of different morphology (i.e., deoxyhemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin) have different light absorption characteristics. Oximetry is the use of light to quantify the percentage of blood hemoglobin that is present as oxyhemoglobin (is bound to oxygen), and its laboratory use dates back to the 1930s. Oximetry can be used to measure the adequacy of hemoglobin oxygenation in a patient's blood. The earliest patient bedside oximeters were developed in the 1960s but did not receive common use because they often overheated skin and were uncomfortable. The pulse oximetric method used today was invented by Takuo Aoyagi in 1972 and was integrated into commercial monitors for use in humans in the early 1980s. Until pulse oximeters were introduced in the 1980s, there was no way to continuously monitor a patient's arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation. The pulse oximeter uses a ratio of near-infrared and red wavelengths of light to determine the percentage of hemoglobin present as oxyhemoglobin, and it allows for continuous evaluation of a patient's blood oxygenation. Because of its continuous nature and the ease of use, pulse oximetry greatly reduced the incidence of lethal hypoxemia during anesthetic events and became a standard piece of monitoring equipment in human medicine during the 1980s. Until pulse oximetry was available, the only way to measure a patient's arterial oxygenation was to analyze blood ex vivo, which required time, expertise, expensive equipment, and did not allow for continuous monitoring. A CO-oximeter is a benchtop analyzer that uses multiple wavelengths of light to recognize and quantify multiple hemoglobin species, including oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin (bound to carbon monoxide), and methemoglobin (denatured). COoximeter manufacturers use a number of proprietary algorithms to correct and calculate hemoglobin values. Pulse oximetry and to some extent CO-oximetry have become firmly entrenched in the monitoring of anesthetized, acutely ill, and critically ill patients. This chapter focuses on the principles of oximetry and how to best use the technology to improve patient care.


Objective To assess the effect of controlled low central venous pressure(CLCVP) on blood loss and renal function during precision liver resection.Methods Fifty patients were randomly divided into LCVP group(n=25)and control group(n=25).The patients underwent LCVP under venous and inhalation anesthesia,during which their central venous pressure(CVP) and invasive blood pressure were continuously monitored.The CVP of patients in LCVP group was controlled below 4mmHg from the beginning of anesthesia to the resection of lesions and hemostasis by limiting the fluid infusion,raising the head to 10°-15°,inhaling isoflurane and/or continuously pumping nitroglycerin at 0.1-2μg/kg.min.The CVP of patients in control group was maintained at the normal range.Blood loss and blood transfusion were measured during operation.Creatinine(Cr) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) in venous blood sample were detected before and 24h after operation.Results The blood loss was lower in LCVP group than in control group((342.3±208.2)ml vs(648.4±381.2)ml,P0.05).No significant difference was found in renal function between the two groups before and after operation(P0.05).Conclusion Application of LCVP in precision liver resection can significantly reduce blood loss during operation with no remarkable effect on renal function.


Thinking of stepping into the political arena? Irene Aguilar, M.D., Mike Ritze, D.O., MFSA, and Edward J. Canfield, D.O. give their top 15 tips for physicians considering a run for office...


High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a lipid and protein complex that consists of apolipoproteins and lower level HDL-associated enzymes. HDL dysfunction is a factor in atherosclerosis and decreases patient survival. Mass spectrometry- (MS-) based proteomics provides a high throughput approach for analyzing the composition and modifications of complex HDL proteins in diseases. HDL can be separated according to size, surface charge, electronegativity, or apoprotein composition. MS-based proteomics on subfractionated HDL then allows investigation of lipoprotein roles in diseases. Herein, we review recent developments in MS-based quantitative proteomic techniques, HDL proteomics and lipoprotein modifications in diseases, and HDL subfractionation studies. We also discuss future directions and perspectives in MS-based proteomics on HDL.


(57) Abstract: containing at least one of diclofenac and tramadol and at least one layer during the layer (or) the respective physiological compatible salts thereof, multilayer tablet for oral administration. This multi-layered tablets are separated from each other Te by the separation layer.


A questionnaire was administered to investigate 567 junior school students, who were learning the new mathematics curriculum material, based on their difference of mathematics learning attitude, the property of mathematics knowledge and the cognition of mathematics learning process. It showed that: (1) The junior school students' mathematics learning attitudes are positive, and there is significant gender difference; comparatively speaking, boys are better; (2) The beliefs of junior school students' mathematics knowledge are dynamic and erroneous, and there is no variance between the boys and girls; and (3) The beliefs of junior school students' mathematics learning process are constructive and exploratory, but they are not very definite, and no significant gender difference is found.


The invention relates to a scaffold supported by a house structure and provides a special attached lifting scaffold. The horizontal supporting trusses of the two scaffold bodies of the special attached lifting scaffold can be interconnected and fixed under a condition of different distances. The special attached lifting scaffold comprises vertical main frames, a horizontal supporting frame, an attached supporting device and the scaffold bodies, wherein at least two vertical main frames are horizontally arranged at equal intervals; the horizontal supporting frame is connected below the vertical main frames; the vertical main frames are also connected with the attached supporting device on a building; the scaffold bodies are supported on the horizontal supporting frame and are connected with the vertical main frames; the horizontal supporting frame comprises a horizontal membrane which has an expansion section that comprises a horizontal rod piece and a positioning device in sliding sleeve fit; and two special attached lifting scaffolds are connected by the expansion sections. The invention is characterized in that: the horizontal supporting trusses of adjacent scaffolds are fixed at different distance intervals; and thus the scaffold bodies are fixed.


A folded optical rf spectrum analyzer is described which is built around the 128 x 128 Frame- Addressed Spatial Light Modulator (FASLM). The input waveform is sampled at 32 MHz and displayed on the FASLM at a 2 KHz frame rate. A time-bandwidth product of approximately 8000 is achieved. A brief description of the device operation and optical performance is included.


Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) are well accepted and widely used for air pollution control due to reasonable collection efficiency, low pressure-drop, and low capital and operating costs. The objective of the present work is to improve the flow distribution in the duct. In this present work, CFD analysis of flow through the ESP inlet duct has been performed using ANSYS FLUENT, in order to improve the efficiency of duct. The analysis for path lines, velocity contours, pressure distributions for various cases involving no guide vane and with guide vanes has been done.


Nodules are unique root organs of legume plants. Nodulation (nodule formation) is an extraordinary symbiotic process which eventually allows a plant to assimilate atmospheric nitrogen. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria that colonize the nodules convert molecular nitrogen N 2 into compounds suitable for plant metabolism. A class of plant hormones called cytokinins are known to affect the nodulation process. A small protein, Nodulin 13 from Medicago truncatula (MtN13), is expressed in the outer cortex of the nodule at early stages of nodulation. MtN13 belongs to class 10 of plant pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-10). PR-10 members have been shown to bind cytokinins. This paper focuses on the involvement of cytokinins in nodulation and presents a brief overview of the crystal structure of MtN13 in complex with trans-zeatin, a naturally occurring cytokinin.


Background: Gombe State in North Eastern Nigeria is one of the states in the region that records the highest maternal and new-born death rates in the world. The region has a maternal mortality ratio of 1549/100,000, child mortality rate of 260/1,000 and neonatal mortality rate of 43/1,000. With a poverty incidence of 72.2% in the state and the displacement due to insurgency, a great deal of women in the villages is vulnerable to more poverty and maternal deaths. Establishing the factors that affect the willingness to pay (WTP) for maternal services will help to improve maternal health services thereby reducing maternal deaths in the state. This study looked at the factors that affect women's willingness to pay for maternal services in relation to antenatal care (ANC), delivery in health facilities and post-natal care (PNC) through a baseline survey.
Methods: This study was cross sectional where data were collected from women groups (including women not registered with the groups) in two purposively selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the state. Seven hundred and fifty (750) women were sampled for the survey in the two LGAs. The main outcome variables are utilization of maternal service (specifically improved antenatal care attendance, facility delivery and postnatal care) and WTP for these services by the women. Descriptive statistics of the respondents were analysed using IBM SPSS 22 software. Logistic regression analysis was done to determine the factors affecting WTP for the maternal services.
Results: The findings from this study have shown statistically significant association between WTP for maternal health care and several factors. Women are more likely to be willingness to pay for ANC and delivery in the health facility if they belong to the savings and loans group (p<0.05), had an average of 1-10 visits to a facility, married (p<0.05), can read and write in English (p<0.05) and live near health facilities (p<0.05). Income and employment (p<0.05) are additional factors affecting WTP for delivery. Post-natal care on the other hand was only associated with membership of savings and loans group.
Conclusions: Factors associated with the willingness to pay ANC and delivery in health facilities according to the findings of this study were membership of savings and loans group, closeness to a health facility, education, income and marital status. Number of previous visits to the health facility and occupation were also found to be significant predictors of willingness to pay for maternal services. Further studies on the association of WTP and PNC are suggested in order to improve PNC in the state.


gDFEL-RTN (version 0.0.0) h is a set of TSP programs for root-N consistently estimating the dynamic fixed effects logit model with strictly exogenous continuous explanatory variables and/or time dummies. This set facilitates the researchers exploring the binary choice panel data.


Last spring, the U.S. Foreign Relations Committee invited three eminent scholars to testify on the psychological aspects of international relations: Charles Osgood, professor of psychology and director of the Communications Research Institute at the University of Illinois; Jerome Frank, professor of psychiatry at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; and Brock Chisholm, former Director-General of the World Health Organization. In the article that follows, Charles Osgood discusses for Bulletin readers "our present crises" as they may fit into the larger scheme, for, as he writes, "there will be more Vietnams, more Dominican Republics, more African Congos, as far into the future as we can see." Bulletin readers may also be interested in Professor Osgood's "A Case for Graduated Unilateral Disarmament," which appeared in the April 1960 issue.


Teacher education needs to combine training in content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). One important part of PCK in science education is knowledge about school science practical work to promote learning by scientific inquiry and about the nature of science. In Germany, practical seminars and lab sessions dealing with "school-type"practical work are mandatory for any preservice chemistry teacher education program. Since practice in handling school-type lab equipment is considered important, courses regularly require attendance in practical sessions. These practical experiences are seen as irreplaceable by digital and video materials when it comes to the development of practical and manual skills. This paper reports on the replacement of a traditional course based in a face-to-face seminar combined with half-day lab sessions for a whole cohort of students. This course was replaced by an individualized, digitally supported, open lab learning experience for prospective secondary school chemistry teachers. The change was implemented due to social distancing rules caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Elements of the course structure are discussed and related to how students experienced the course. © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society and Division of Chemical Education, Inc.


In order to study the unbonded prestressed steel strand prestress loss after freezing-thawing cycles, two prestressed tests were made to be subjected to freezing-thawing cycle, then the prestress loss value was gotten after the designed freeze-thaw cycle times. In order to test the steel strand and its protective layer's resistance to corrosion under condition of freezing-thawing cycle, five groups of specimen were made for comparative test considering the three different factors of freezing-thawing cycle, prestress, prestress and freezing-thawing cycle. The results show that the steel strand prestress value decreases with the increase of the freezing-thawing cycle times when the concrete's compressive stress is larger; but the steel strand prestress value increases with the increase of the freezing-thawing cycle times when the concrete's compressive stress is smaller. The steel strand can be protected by anticorrosive grease, and its durability depends on the protection layer's integrity. The unbonded prestressed steel strand' corrosion rate under condition of both freezing-thawing cycle and pretress is larger than that under condition of each factor.


It is a device (10) having a semiconductor layer sequence (20) comprising a p-type semiconductor layer (1), an n-type semiconductor layer (2) and an intervening active zone (3), wherein - in the region of the active zone (3) the part of the p-type semiconductor layer (1) recesses (4) are formed, each having a major surface (30) of the active zone (3) slanting facets (41), which is p-type semiconductor layer (1) in the recesses (4) extends, - the device comprises a barrier structure (5), wherein the active zone (3) is disposed between the barrier structure (5) and the n-type semiconductor layer (2), and - the component (10) with respect to the p-type semiconductor layer (1) and the barrier structure (5) performed such that an injection of positively charged carriers on the main surface (30) in the active zone (during operation of the device (10) 3 is difficult) selectively, whereby an injection of positively charged carriers on the facets (41) in the active zone (3) is favored. Furthermore, there is provided a method of manufacturing such a device.


The first pregnancy for a woman is one of the crisis periods in her life, peace of mind is important in facing childbirth, because it is recommended not only to do physical exercises but also psychological exercises to deal with childbirth. The type of research used in this research is descriptive with a cross sectional approach. This design was carried out on a set of objects that were studied to reduce the level of anxiety of pregnant women facing the first delivery, with a total sample of 20 pregnant women. The data collected in this study were analyzed using tabulating. Of the 20 respondents studied, 2 people (10%) experienced mild anxiety, 12 people (60%) experienced moderate anxiety, and 5 people (25%) experienced severe anxiety and only 1 person 5% of respondents did not experience anxiety. The results of this study indicate the level of anxiety of pregnant women has been described in this study. In connection with this research, it is suggested to health workers and midwives who assist in childbirth to provide regular counseling to pregnant women about pregnancy and the delivery process.


A revised, steady‐state, quasi‐one‐dimensional model of the shocked layer in a coaxial accelerator is numerically solved for helium for a range of shock speeds which covers up to double ionization.


The main task of the investigation was to perform the synthesis of gallium nitride nanowires using a low pressure chemical vapor deposition system. The nanowires were grown via a catalyst-assisted reaction based on the vapor-liquid-solid mechanism. The influence of catalyst, temperature and pressure on the growth of gallium nitride nanowires was explored. Optimal results were obtained at a temperature of 750 o C and at a pressure of 400 to 500 mTorr.


The domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori, and its wild progenitor, B. mandarina, are extensively studied as a model case of the evolutionary process of domestication. A conspicuous difference between these species is the dramatic reduction in melanin pigmentation in both larval and adult B. mori. Here we evaluate the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9‐targeted knockouts of pigment‐related genes as a tool to understand their potential contributions to domestication‐associated melanin pigmentation loss in B. mori. To demonstrate the efficacy of targeted knockouts in B. mandarina, we generated a homozygous CRISPR/Cas9‐targeted knockout of yellow‐y. In yellow‐y knockout mutants, black body colour became lighter throughout the larval, pupal and adult stages, confirming a role for this gene in melanin pigment formation. Further, we performed allele‐specific CRISPR/Cas9‐targeted knockouts of the pigment‐related transcription factor, apontic‐like (apt‐like) in B. mori × B. mandarina F1 hybrid individuals which exhibit B. mandarina‐like larval pigmentation. Knockout of the B. mandarina allele of apt‐like in F1 embryos results in white patches on the dorsal integument of larvae, whereas corresponding knockouts of the B. mori allele consistently exhibit normal F1 larval pigmentation. These results demonstrate a contribution of apt‐like to the evolution of reduced melanin pigmentation in B. mori. Together, our results demonstrate the feasibility of CRISPR/Cas9‐targeted knockouts as a tool for understanding the genetic basis of traits associated with B. mori domestication.


The article investigates the essence of the concept of 'accounting and analytical support', clarifying its definition and disclosure of its relationship with the concept of 'accounting and analytical support system'. The analysis of scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concept of 'accounting and analytical support'. It is proved that 'accounting and analytical support' of management may be considered as from an organizational point of view and from the point of view of final product. If the accounting and analytical support is viewed from an organizational point of view, it is necessary to apply the phrase 'accounting and analytical support system', and if from the point of view of final product – 'accounting and analytical support'. It is proposed to consider the accounting and analytical support of management as a set of processed accounting and non-accounting information assigned for management of enterprise (organization), areas of activity or individual objects. Availability of various thematic elements (subsystems) in accounting and analytical support for business management suggests that the studied concept is a categorical accounting concept.


As the technology improves and internet of things develop,intelligent devices is increasingly widely used to daily life. The emergence of intelligent home to better meet the needs of people's lives and improved living standards,however Lighting system in some cases failed to meet the requirements of the people.In this essay the singchip as the core with romote controller to control the lamp give off brightness,soft or dusky light,had intelligentized energy-saving control system.


The bulk photovoltaic effect exhibited by the non-centrosymmetric system gains research interest due to the observed large open-circuit voltage. The ferroelectric systems exhibiting anomalous photovoltaic effect are mostly crystallized with multiphase coexistence. Hence, the computational difficulty in building a multi-phase system restricts the detailed photovoltaic studies through phenomenological and shift current theory. In this work, ferroelectric Ba$_{1- x}$(Bi$_{0.5}$K$_{0.5}$)$_x$TiO$_3$ (BBKT) oxide is designed to crystallize in single-phase tetragonal symmetry with improved polarization characteristics, and it is found to exhibits large PV response. Both experimental and theoretical studies on BBKT samples reveal ~18% reduction in bandgap compared to the parent BaTiO$_3$. Short-circuit current measured as a function of light intensity and light polarization angle reveal linear and sinusoidal response, respectively. The observed features are in accordance with phenomenological theory. Remarkably, x = 0.125 sample displays ~8 times higher open-circuit voltage (7.39 V) than the parent compound. The enhanced PV effect is attributed to the large shift current along z-direction as evidenced from the additional charge-center shift of valence band occupied by O-2p orbital and conduction band occupied by Bi-6p orbital. Notably, the degenerate Bi-p$_z$ state at conduction band minimum in BBKT favours the large shift current response in the z-direction.


The use of photonic band gap (PBG) substrates with noncylindrical holes in microstrip antennas is little reported in the literature. In this article, a 3D printer was used to produce two PBG antennas in acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) substrate: one with cylindrical holes and the other with quadratic prism holes, both with the same volume in the holes and in the total composition. The proposed PBG antenna with quadratic prism holes maintains the same resonance frequency of antenna with cylindrical holes, that is, 2.64 GHz. In addition, the proposed antenna greatly reduces the project time in the simulation phase, which is very onerous in conventional PBG antennas. The PBG antennas improved the distribution of surface current and increased the gain in relation to the antenna without PBG. Thus, the obtained results were as follows: the gain and efficiency of radiation were 3.75 dB and 55% for the antenna without PBG, 4.5 dB and 60% for the antenna with cylindrical holes, and 5 dB and 62% for the antenna with quadratic holes. All antennas maintained an approximate bandwidth of 3%. These antennas were built, simulated, and measured. A schematic of the build structures, return loss, Smith's chart, radiation diagrams, and computational simulation time was analyzed throughout this article.


Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains a source of high mortality worldwide, therefore it is important to determine factors associated with worse outcomes to better develop strategies to reduce the burden of disease. This paper aims to describe the characteristics of patients admitted with ACS to Kediri General Hospital and factors associated with in-hospital mortality.

 In this study, 117 patients admitted with ACS to Kediri General Hospital between January and June 2020 were included. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records and analysed using SPSS software v25. The median age was 60 (36-93) years old, 64 (54,7%) were male. They were presented either with STE-ACS (41%) or NSTE-ACS (59%). During hospitalization, 18 (15,4%) died. The bivariate analysis showed the patients who died were predominantly female (22,6% vs 9,4%, p = 0.048); had higher prevalence of Killip IV (38,9%, p = 0,003); higher prevalence of clinical signs of heart failure (23,7% vs 6,9%, p = 0,012); lower admission systolic blood pressure (117 ± 26,0 vs 137 ± 37,0, p = 0,036); lower admission diastolic blood pressure (70,6 ± 20,6 vs 81,5 ± 20,5, p = 0,04); and higher heart rate (104 ± 24 vs 91 ± 22, p = 0,026). From multivariable analysis, variables significantly associated with in-hospital mortality were decreased consciousness (OR 11, 95% CI 1.327-92.4, p = 0.026) and Killip class IV (OR 9.558, 95% CI 2.016-45.317).

 Decreased consciousness and Killip class IV were significant independent predictors of in-hospital mortality in ACS.


Poor usage of work-continuity for planning and management is one of the leading causes of decreased productivity in high-rise and complexity construction projects. For efficient finish work, tact scheduling method needs to be implemented according to tact time. But there are the studies about zoning of work area, daily construction information and tact planning and management, there are not the studies about tact time yet. The purpose of this study is to help implementation of tact scheduling by tact time and adjusted work-plan. The main contents of this study are as follow; (1)Tact time has been calculated as coordination of work-plan between a general contractor and specialties. (2)Project-plan can be without delay by tact time calculation method.


Oligodendrocytes, the cells responsible for the formation and maintenance of the myelin in the central nervous system, are the possible primary target in human demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis. In order to understand the pathogenesis of these diseases, investigation of human oligodendrocytes in isolation is desirable. We have devised a method by which viable oligodendrocytes were isolated from human brains obtained 3-15 hours postmortem and cultured for a period of up to six months.' Oligodendrocytes were prepared from corpus callosum by trypsinization, screening and Percoll density gradient centrifugation. Cells harvested were grown on polylysineor collagen-coated coverslips. Cell yield was 0.3-1 x lo6 cells/g tissue. Twenty-four hours after the plating, a large number of small round cells (6-8 pm in diameter) were found to attach to coverslips. Many others formed small aggregates of 10-100 cells, and were released into the medium. These aggregates were collected and seeded again on new coverslips. This procedure, differential adhesion process, was repeated again 24 hours later. After two cycles of differential adhesion process, one could obtain an almost pure population of oligodendrocytes. By immunofluorescence microscopy, 95-98% of cells were identified as oligodendrocytes by positive reactions to rabbit anti-galactocerebroside antibody 4-7 days after the isolation. These oligodendrocytes also expressed surface or cytoplasmic antigens of myelin basic protein (FIG. 1). 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase and GM4 ganglioside. These antigens are considered as myelinand oligodendrocyte-specific markers.*+' Electron microscopic examination revealed that these cultured oligodendrocytes possessed fine structural features of mature oligodendrocytes found in vivo. All of the organelles were well preserved; the nucleus contained dense chromatin granules which were at the nuclear envelope, and the electron-dense cytoplasm had large numbers of mitochondria and microtubules. Recently we have developed serum-free chemically defined media (DM2 and DM3) for the long-term maintenance of human oligodendrocytes in culture. The media are composed of F12 synthetic medium supplemented by hormones, growth factors and trace metals. The oligodendrocytes grown in these media expressed cell-type specific markers, galactocerebroside and myelin basic p r ~ t e i n . ~ We have also studied the possible presence of shared antigen determinants between human oligodendrocytes and lymphocytes. Our results showed that cultured oligoden-


Attention to detail, flexibility and a pragmatic acceptance of risk were the secrets of success at the UK Environment Agency's recently completed £5.5M (US$8.8M) Walton-le-dale Flood Alleviation Scheme, believes design engineer George Arnison.


We demonstrate an optical add-drop filter based on Raman-assisted phase-sensitive amplifiers. Bit error rate measurements with multi-channel signals in QPSK and 16-QAM formats reveal its enhanced selectivity over conventional phase-sensitive amplifiers.


A system based on multiplex holography has been developed for the display and storage of three-dimensional information. Volume ('stack') multiplex holograms have been produced for viewing on a novel white light display device based on dispersion compensation. The image processing and holographic techniques developed to optimise these results are described. The demonstration of potential applications of the displays for data from medical imaging, analytical techniques such as electron microscopy and scientific data analysis is detailed.


In his book Who Killed Canadian History? (1998), J.L. Granatstein accuses Canadian academic historians of having abandoned the writing of a national past in favour of overspenalized and ideologically driven forms of history. This article contends that in the interests of polemic, he miscasts the role of the scholar as citizen, misrepresents the purpose of scholarship, and distorts the nature and quality of academic historical writing. In doing so, he puts forward a conception of Canada's 'national' history that is no better suited to serve national self-understanding than the scholarship he dismisses. His narrow and traditional view of national history ignores the impact of geopolitical conditions on the world of scholarly interpretation. Nominally without ideological purpose, it can be viewed instead as part of the process of political legitimation. His construction of the important 'facts' of Canadian history ignores the way event-driven facts arc inseparable from considerations of value and therefore from the realm of the interpretive. Finally, by ignoring contemporary works of international historiography and structural determinants of professionalization, his polemic is largely written in an intellectual and contextual vacuum.


Archibald R. Marvine passed through. the region from the Little Colorado river via Camp (Fort) Apache and San Carlos to the Gila river in 1871; and G. K. Gilbert visited it in 1813, both making a geological reconnaissance of the country,' as did the writer while farmer there.' Bandelier', Walter Hough', and Spier', also described the antiquities of the region, while the Gates Expedition examined ruins on Forest Dale creek and along White river in 1901"; and the Smithsonian institution at an earlier date exhumed huinan skeletons from caves in the vicinity of Fort Apache. On the whole, however, the region was barely touched. A complete bibliography may be found in Bulletin 35 of the Bu,reau of American Ethnology, pages 90 to 96, to which readers are referred. Also see Bulletin 54 of the same Bureau, pages 73 to 76. General Description


Coulomb interactions play an essential role in atomically-thin materials. On one hand, they are strong and long-ranged in layered systems due to the lack of environmental screening. On the other hand, they can be efficiently tuned by means of surrounding dielectric materials. Thus all physical properties which decisively depend on the exact structure of the electronic interactions can be in principle efficiently controlled and manipulated from the outside via Coulomb engineering. Here, we show how this concept can be used to create novel plasmonic waveguides in metallic layered materials. We discuss how dielectrically structured environments can be utilized to non-invasively confine plasmonic excitations in an unperturbed homogeneous metallic two-dimensional system by modifications of its many-body interactions. We define optimal energy ranges for this mechanism and demonstrate plasmonic confinement within several nanometers. In contrast to conventional functionalization mechanisms, this scheme relies on a purely many-body concept and does not involve any direct modifications to the active material itself.


A topside Cu-filled through-glass via ("Cu bridge") is presented as a novel transmission channel. The simulated signal transmission loss of the Cu bridge was as low as í0.04 dB at a signal frequency of 18 GHz, corresponding to the PCI Express 5.0 bus standard. Its signal transmission loss was less than 0.13 % in a typical long-reach SerDes channel with a loss of í30 dB. The minimum pitch of the Cu bridge was as narrow as 100 μm, which meets the requirements for increased signal I/O. The simple few-step fabrication of the Cu bridge effectively reduces the cost of manufacturing glass interposers. This is a great advantage compared to silicon interposers, which require a complicated process to fabricate Cu through-silicon vias. A glass substrate embedded with Cu bridges supports semi-additive and damascene-based redistribution layers, which increases the number of potential packaging configurations. This Cu bridge is thus a promising approach to next-generation heterogeneous integration based on 2.nD interposers.


The utility model provides an accuse platform in the car, the accuse platform is including control panel and controller in this car. This control panel includes flexible touch pad, and flexible touch pad forms the gesture induction zone of response user's touch gesture, and the controller is connected with flexible touch pad for it corresponds the function to carry out according to the touch gesture of response. The utility model provides a control panel, the utility model discloses an accuse platform and control panel in the car allow the user to pass through the fast speed adjusting of touch gesture and go out corresponding function, have made things convenient for user's use, and through touching gesture and the input mode that touch button combines, have richened the mode of input.


Laser-induced fluorescence,fluorescence microscopy and schlieren method at this stage of the transfer process and other domestic and foreign research methods were overviewed.The recent progress and application in practice for visualization technique used in interface transfer process were introduced.The practical application and theory for studying interface mass transfer theory in chemical transfer process by our group using optical microscopy and digital image visualization was described.These visualization methods were discussed.Finally,the future prospect of studying transfer process by visualization technique and the development trends of showing transfer theory from sub-microcosmic condition were outlined.


Data is available in different forms and in different locations. Adopting a semantic representation makes the data independent of its internal form and platform. The semantic representation of data enables data integration in any domain. The steps to be performed in order to construct an Ontology is discussed. An example which illustrates how semantic data integration can be achieved is discussed. Thus semantic data representation will help achieve Tim-Berners Lee's vision of a Semantic Web


The substantial matter of the article is analysis of the phenomenon of 'managing company' in modern Russian economy not solely in capacity of instrument of managing of production, of financial transactions, but also as tools of domination of fictive financial capital.


Photograph shows reproduction of drawing, probably by Larkin Goldsmith Mead, of a grave and a tree engraved "Corp. Jas. Bryant, Co. E 1st N.Y.A. died June 3rd 62."
Drawing probably made by Larkin Goldsmith Mead during the time that he spent with the Army of the Potomac making topographical drawings for Brig. Gen. William F. Smith in 1862.
Photograph of drawing possibly by George H. Houghton, photographer of other photographs in this album and fellow resident of Mead's in Brattleboro, Vermont. Houghton worked as a photographer at Camp Griffin and in the Tidewater area of Virginia during the time that Larkin Goldsmith Mead spent there with the Army of the Potomac as an artist for Harper's Weekly and making topographical drawings for Brig. Gen. William F. Smith in 1861 and 1862.
Title devised by Library staff.
In album: [Album of ephemera and Civil War era photographs; photos and album compiled by Larkin Goldsmith Mead], loose photo no. 1.
Digitized, 2014. Funding from The Center for Civil War Photography.
Accession box no. DLC/PP-1975:071


The article analyzes the jurisprudence of the United States Supreme Court on the Second and Fourteenth Amendments. In addition to case law, this paper sets forth the intent of the framers of those respective amendments. It concerns two fundamental issues: First, to what extent does the Second Amendment, which provides protection from federal infringement, guarantee the individual right to bear arms? Second, does the Fourteenth Amendment protect this right from state infringement?


Silicon photonic switches with integrated p-i-n junctions can exhibit fast switching on the order of nanoseconds, enabling prospective optical networks with very fast reconfiguration times. However, carriers injected through the p-i-n junction cause extra loss, which can increase insertion loss, degrade uniformity and cause crosstalk. In this paper, we show that a path-independent insertion loss (PILOSS) switch with integrated p-i-n junctions can achieve uniform and very low on-chip insertion loss (3.8 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.19 dB) with strictly non-blocking characteristics. The switching time of our switch is <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$< $</tex-math></inline-formula>12.5 ns and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$< $</tex-math></inline-formula>6.1 ns for 10%–90% and 10%–80% rise/fall times, respectively, and the optical crosstalk can be suppressed by more than 20 dB for a bandwidth of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$>$</tex-math></inline-formula>31 nm for the worst case.


According to the problems of poor cohesion,serious spinning static and sensitive humidity in spinning Cashmere/PTT/Modal Combed knitting yarn process,reasonable technology measures such as process parameter optimization, raw material pretreatment,temperature and humidity control,special equipments and so on were adopted to produce new blended yarn and assure yarn quality.


Tuberculosis is remains a health problem in the world including Indonesia. In Indonesia, Tuberculosis is a main cause of death among other infectious diseases. In Bandung district during January - December 2001 could be recorded 132 mortality cases caused by Tuberculosis. The data were collected from hospitals and health centres. The patients were young in age, have low level of education, and low income. Only 82.5 percent of them received specific treatment for Tubercu losis, 49.5 percent started the therapy for the first time, and 90.1 percent did not finish the regimen. The major reasons they stopped the treatment namely they did not feel a better health improvement and the disease turned worse. Those are the same reason for the patients to seek other health facilities if they have not satisfied about the treatment results. Keywords : Tuberculosis, mortality, treatment history


We report on a second epoch of VLBA observations of the 1665 and 1667 MHz OH masers in the massive star-forming region W75N. We find evidence to confirm the existence of very strong (~40 mG) magnetic fields near source VLA 2. The masers near VLA 2 are dynamically distinct and include a very bright spot apparently moving at 50 km s-1 relative to those around VLA 1. This fast-moving spot may be an example of a rare class of OH masers seen in outflows in star-forming regions. Due to the variability of these masers and the rapidity of their motions, tracking these motions will require multiple observations over a significantly shorter time baseline than obtained here. Proper motions of the masers near VLA 1 are more suggestive of streaming along magnetized shocks rather than Keplerian rotation in a disk. The motions of the easternmost cluster of masers in W75N(B) may be tracing slow expansion around an unseen exciting source.


We study log canonical models of foliated surfaces of general type. In particular, we show that log canonical models of general type and their minimal partial du Val resolutions are bounded. Moreover, we show the valuative criteria of separatedness and properness and a property related to local-closedness for the moduli functor M P which parametrizes the stable smoothable foliated surfaces pairs. On the way, we also show a result on the invariance of plurigenera.


Purpose – The primary purpose is to investigate the relationship between hospitality education and the industry of Cyprus as it relates to students' internship practices. The mismatch between the educational experience delivered to hospitality students and the "real world" practice they experience is investigated.Design/methodology/approach – Methodological triangulation was utilized in order to investigate the unique characteristics of all three primary hospitality stakeholders; the students, the educators and the hospitality professionals. Quantitative survey and qualitative semi‐structured interview data were utilized to provide conceptual clarity of the discrepancies between hospitality education and the industry.Findings – Analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data produced a five‐element model and revealed a number of respective gaps on the issues affecting the hospitality industry‐education relationship in Cyprus.Originality/value – The article proposes the development of a model which meas...


Vibrational transitions of pyrazine in the lowest triplet state have been observed as transient changes in the intensity of the phosphorescence induced by the free-electron laser FELIX. All seven fundamental infrared-active modes in the range of 250 to 1600 cm−1 have been detected and all vibrational frequencies are found to be considerably lower than the corresponding ones in the ground state.


In this paper a new class of sets called pre genera lized pre regular weakly closed (briefly pgprw-closed) sets in topological s paces is introduced and studied. A subset A of a topological space (X, τ� is called pgprw-closed if U contains pre closure of A whenever U contains A and U is rg α open in (X, τ�. This new class of sets lies between the class of all preclosed sets a nd the class of all gpr-closed sets and some properties are investigated.


The Grand Canal, which has been flowing for thousands of years, is beautiful and nature. In Dezhou, Shandong Province, which was prospered by the canal, there is a special village in the city, Beiying Village, where the descendants of East King of Sulu live there, and they have taken care of the East King's tomb more than 600 years. The tomb of the East King, which has been buried for more than 600 years, tells a story of encounters on the Maritime Silk Road, a history of magnificent friendship and diplomacy, and a friendship that is sustained by mutual trust.


During September and October 1980, seven hospitals in northeastern U.S.A. reported clusters of blood cultures positive for Pseudomonas cepacia. Investigations by the Center for Disease Control revealed that these were pseudobacteremias caused by a contaminated iodophor preparation, trade-named Pharmadine. The manufacturer, Sherwood Pharmaceutical Company, withdrew voluntarily the lots of solution implicated in the investigations. Although pseudobacteremias have resulted from a variety of problems, this was the first reported occurrence of intrinsic contamination of iodophor solutions with bacteria. Investigation is continuing to try to determine the exact source of contamination. Meanwhile, the CDC has urged that any unusual numbers of P. cepacia isolates in hospitals be reported to local or state health departments. Hospital personnel also may wish to remove existing supplies of Pharmadine. Solutions manufactured by die Sherwood Pharmaceutical Company after November 15, 1980, and bearing lot numbers with the prefix Y80305 or higher, have been subjected to revised manufacturing practices, including millipore filtration of water supplies with 0.22 n filters. The company also has indicated that it will culture routinely all newly manufactured lots until the revised process has been proved to be effective, and lots that fail sterility tests will not be distributed.


The parameter mismatch problem has a great impact on the control performance of model predictive control, which is however unavoidable during the operation. In order to improve the system robustness against the parameter mismatches and disturbances, an improved direct model predictive current control with a disturbance observer is proposed in this article, where the disturbance observer is realized by an incremental moving horizon estimator. Moreover, another concern raised from the applications of direct model predictive current control is the computational burden, especially for the long-horizon implementations. Therefore, a dual reference frame solution for the surface permanent-magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) is proposed in this article to allocate a great proportion of heavy computations required for the optimization problem to the offline preparation, which can reduce the computational burden by almost 50% on average for a prediction horizon of five time-steps. Besides, the parameter mismatch effects of individual electrical parameters on the control performance of the model predictive direct current control method are investigated and quantified via simulations. A five-step direct model predictive current control is implemented on a dSPACE system with a sampling frequency of 20 kHz to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme with an SPMSM drive system.


O E X P E R I E N C E with storing books from the stacks of the general library at the University of Michigan goes back only to 1949. Prior to that time, our stacks had been overcrowded for years. Books were being shelved on the aisle floors and on wooden book-cases on the walls of the stacks. A second shelving arrangement existed on metal cases around the perimeter of some of the stack floors. Conditions for library users and library staff were indeed difficult. Similar conditions existed in most of the branch libraries housed in other buildings. Space for storage outside of the general library building became a reality in 1949 when the third floor of the stacks in the new business administration library was turned over to us. This floor accommodated forty thousand volumes. It was decided to select only sets of serials that had ceased publication and that as far as we knew were little used. This was advantageous as it was possible to make maximum use of the space available because it was not necessary to leave room for expansion. Since this was our first experience at selecting material for storage, and even though we were fairly sure that the sets selected were not heavily used, it might happen that some of these items would have to be brought back because of unanticipated usage. It was at this time that our policy of not changing locations on the catalog cards was made. The initial expense of changing these records would have been great, and the possibility of having to relocate some books and once more change the records was a strong factor in setting the policy. There were also some special files which would require changing, such as the book-plate file, etc. Thus, the decision was made to keep a record of the stored volumes Mr. Dimock is Head of the Circulation Department, University of Michigan Library. This paper was presented at the meeting of the ACRL University Libraries Section, Montreal, June 19, 1960.


This study examined parent perceptions of coverlines used on 12 colorful 4‐page mini‐magazine‐style informational guides designed to improve weight‐related home environment and lifestyle practices in families with preschool children. Coverlines are short phrases designed to attract attention and motivate individuals to read articles in magazines. Health communication researchers developed coverlines based on results from content analysis of popular women and parenting magazine coverlines, asked 77 mothers of young children to rate how much each coverline would motivate them to read a short article related to the coverline, then selected the most highly rated coverlines for placement on guide covers. Examples of some highly rated coverlines are: "Breakfast is for champions! Feed your little super heroes", "Secrets for successful family meals", "Surprising links between family playtime and health", "Who knew? Fruits and veggies are the new power foods", "Make mealtime memories your kids will treasure", "Smart, no‐cost family playtime ideas", "Eat, play, sleep and love your family like never before", and "Brilliant ideas for meals without squeals". Coverlines were inserted in colorful text blocks positioned on the full‐color photograph forming the cover of the informational guides. Cognitive interviews were conducted with 117 English‐ and 112 Spanish‐speaking parents to determine their feelings about the coverlines and whether they believed the coverlines would make them and parents like them want to read the guide. The cognitive interviews of the coverlines were conducted after parents had read a guide. Almost all parents felt the coverlines would make them and other parents want to read the information in the guides. Parents also described the coverlines as "attention‐grabbing" and "catchy". Participants made a few minor semantic change suggestions. Using motivating coverlines has the potential to increase intention and desire to read health promotion materials. Health communicators should consider incorporating evidence‐based, consumer‐tested coverlines in written materials to pique consumer interest.


Background: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the fourth most important oil seed crop in the world. The early and late spots are a foliage disease more common and more destructive of groundnut which cause severe yield losses up to 70% and reduces the quality of the pod and fodder. Recent efforts have targeted on developing resistant source against leaf spot disease which are helpful for discarding the hazardous toxic chemical compounds used for controlling the disease. The current study aimed to identify the sources of resistance to leaf spot from the newly identified genotypes as well as from wild species and to study the way in which these were responding to the to the disease development.
 Methods: Seventy three groundnut genotypes were screened against late leaf spot disease under artificial epiphytotic conditions in field at AICRP on Groundnut, MPKV, Rahuri during kharif 2015-16. The observations of disease intensity and rate of infection were recorded.
 Result: Among the Seventy three groundnut genotypes, 10 genotypes showed resistant and 33 genotypes showed the moderately resistant reaction to leaf spot disease. The 25 entries showed the susceptible and 05 genotypes showed the highly susceptible reaction to the leaf spot disease. All the susceptible cultivars belong to A. hypogaea sub. sp. fastigiata var. fastigiata to as Spanish bunch. These 10 resistant genotypes of groundnut including two wild species viz., RHRG 6083, KDG 128, GPBD 4, ICGV 94118, ICGV 4983, ICG 12672, ICGV 13160 (A. batizocoi), ICGV 13165 (A. cardenasi), ICG 11426 and ICGV8193 were selected for intensive artificial screening under glasshouse conditions and also confirmed resistance. The resistant lines will be useful to develop introgression lines using marker-assisted backcrossing approach to improve foliar fungal disease resistance in popular groundnut varieties.


The utility model relates to a special air conditioning unit for a fresh-air integral type energy-saving apparatus room, which comprises an air conditioner, automatic air cushion brakes, a controller and a fresh air machine, wherein a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, a capillary throttling pipe and a connecting pipeline are assembled, and are separated into an integral air conditioner with an upper layer and a lower layer by a baffle. The fresh air machine is formed by an automatic intake air brake, an automatic exhaust air brake, an intake fan and a ventilating fan, wherein the fresh air machine and the air conditioner are relatively divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the automatic intake air brake and the intake fan are installed on the upper layer of the fresh air machine, the automatic exhaust air brake and the ventilating fan are installed on the lower layer of the fresh air machine, the fresh air machine is integrated with the upper layer and the lower layer of the air conditioner through pipelines, and the upper layer joint and the lower layer joint thereof are respectively provided with an automatic air cushion brake, and the controller is respectively connected with the automatic intake air brake, the automatic exhaust air brake, the ventilating fan, the intake fan, two automatic air cushion brakes and the controller. The utility model has the characteristics that the efficiency of fresh air heat production and refrigeration is especially high, the air conditioning unit can be integrally installed in the apparatus room safely, and also can be installed outside the apparatus without occupying space with low noise.


Photograph by Roger Stalley. Door (blocked) adjacent to tomb niche (partially visible) in north elevation of nave showing steeply pointed continuous jamb and arch moulding of a roll-and-fillet flanked by hollows (some voussoirs damaged) with similarly moulded hood.


At present, large residential community of city are increasing, but some of the design units are lack of experience in the design of power distribution part, so they need some mature guidance. In this paper, in accordance with the basic requirements for design of power supply and distribution in large residential community, the following content and design experiences are introduced: such as residential electricity load calculation, community access power supply, power distribution wiring, power distribution room location and line corridor, the main electrical equipment selection and electric energy metering mode etc, in order to help the designers of power supply and distribution in the large residential community to design well, less detours.This paper recommends that the equipment and the application of new technology of conductor can be a reference for designers.


This report is one of a series of publications assessing the feasibility/constraints of increasing domestic heavy oil production. Each report covers a select area of the United States. The Midcontinent (Kansas, Nssouri, Oklahoma) has produced significant oil, but contrary to early reports, the area does not contain the huge volumes of heavy oil that, along with the development of steam and in situ combustion as oil production technologies, sparked the area`s oil boom of the 1960s. Recovery of this heavy oil has proven economically unfeasible for most operators due to the geology of the formations rather than the technology applied to recover the oil. The geology of the southern Midcontinent, as well as results of field projects using thermal enhanced oil recovery (TEOR) methods to produce the heavy oil, was examined based on analysis of data from secondary sources. Analysis of the performance of these projects showed that the technology recovered additional heavy oil above what was produced from primary production from the consolidated, compartmentalized, fluvial dominated deltaic sandstone formations in the Cherokee and Forest City basins. The only projects producing significant economic and environmentally acceptable heavy oil in the Midcontinent are in higher permeability, unconsolidated or friable, thick sandsmore » such as those found in south-central Oklahoma. There are domestic heavy oil reservoirs in other sedimentary basins that are in younger formations, are less consolidated, have higher permeability and can be economically produced with current TEOR technology. Heavy oil production from the carbonates of central and wester Kansas has not been adequately tested, but oil production is anticipated to remain low. Significant expansion of Midcontinent heavy oil production is not anticipated because the economics of oil production and processing are not favorable.« less


Deaf children face problems with independence. The attitude of independence has a very positive impact on their daily lives. This study aims to analyze the cartoon media mesatue method in the Hindu religious confidence of students with disabilities. This type of research is development. The research method of developing media uses the 4D model, including the define, design, development, and dissemination stages according to the characteristics of students with hearing impairments. The data collection used is the observation method, with the instrument aspects of student independence, interviews, and in-depth documentation. The analysis in this study uses a qualitative descriptive method that focuses on how to increase the independence of deaf students in learning Hinduism. This research was conducted with an initial evaluation before using cartoon media and a final evaluation after watching Hindu religious education. The research for the deaf category showed that the introduction of Hindu religious values by the mesatue method with cartoon media reached 72% for the elementary level, the junior high school increased by 58%, and high school by 97% with a total of 16 students. Interactive image displays can accommodate deaf students. It was concluded that the mesatue method with cartoon media could increase student independence according to the indicators formulated in the learning objectives.


1 Modulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis in vivo by either exogenous or endogenous nitric oxide (NO) has been studied in the rat using arachidonic acid (AA)‐induced paw oedema and measuring both the foot volume and the amount of 6‐keto‐prostaglandin F1α (6‐keto‐PGF1α), the stable metabolite of prostacyclin (PGI2), in the oedematous fluid recovered from inflamed paws. 2 Paw injections of 150 or 300 nmol of AA were virtually inactive whereas 600 nmol produced a moderate oedema which was greatly reduced by the NO synthase inhibitor l‐NG‐nitro arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME, 100 nmol/paw) and the NO scavenger haemoglobin (Hb, 30 μmol/paw), but unaffected by the inhibitor of the soluble guanylate cyclase, methylene blue (Mb, 3 μmol/paw) and L‐arginine (15 μmol/paw). 3 The NO‐donors (10 μmol/paw) 3‐morpholino‐sydnonimine‐hydrochloride (SIN‐1), S‐nitroso‐N‐acetyl‐d, l‐penicillamine (SNAP) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) significantly potentiated the paw oedema induced by AA (300 nmol/paw). 4 SIN‐1 (2.5, 5 and 10 μmol/paw) produced a significant dose‐dependent increase of the oedema induced by AA which was correlated with increased amounts of 6‐keto‐PGF1α in the fluid recovered from inflamed paws. 5 Both oedema and prostaglandin biosynthesis induced by the combination AA + SIN‐1 were greatly suppressed by either Hb (30 μmol/paw) or indomethacin (3 μmol/paw or 5 mg kg−1 s.c.) but unaffected by Mb (3 μmol/paw). 6 In LPS‐treated rats (6 mg kg−1, i.p.) doses of AA inactive in normal animals produced a remarkable oedema which was reduced by l‐NAME or Hb, unaffected by Mb and increased by l‐arginine. 7 These results demonstrate that NO increases prostaglandin biosynthesis in vivo through a guanosine 3′:5′‐cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP)‐independent mechanism and suggest that the interaction between NO synthase and cyclo‐oxygenase (COX) pathways may represent an important mechanism for the modulation of the inflammatory response.


The invention relates to an automatic user-mode 3G-USB network interface card detecting method based on a Linux kernel. According to the method, equipment information, detected by the Linux kernel, of all equipment is saved in a file mode, wherein all the equipment is equipment on a USB; scanning is performed on all the equipment on the BUS so as to extract 3G-USB network interface card information; the 3G-USB network card information is saved so as to drive 3G-USB user-mode initialization. According to the method, due to the facts that the equipment information, detected by the kernel, of all the equipment on the BUS is saved in the file mode, saved files are opened when a user-mode driver is loaded and the 3G-USB network card information is extracted from the files, the possibility is provided for automatic user-mode 3G-USB network card detecting and automatic 3G-USB network card information obtaining, and only a small amount of modification needs to be conducted on the kernel so that the situation that equipment performance is influenced due to the fact that the kernel is modified many times can be avoided. The method is simple and easy to implement, and improves the reliability of an operation system.


This report documents the research conducted by TCRP Project A-39, Improving Transportation Network Efficiency Through Implementation of Transit-Supportive Roadway Strategies. This project conducted an extensive review of transit preferential treatments used in the U.S. and internationally, including information on when these treatments are applied and how they are designed. The project interviewed a number of transit and roadway agencies to identify lessons-learned and best practices from actual project implementations, with a particular focus on successful techniques for transit agencies, roadway agencies, and project stakeholders to work together toward outcomes that benefit all parties involved. This report also presents findings from a series of gap-filling research efforts on (1) innovative international strategies not yet in common use in the United States; (2) a simulation study of the effects of stop location, transit signal priority, and queue jumps on bus and general traffic travel times and travel time variability; (3) an evaluation of selected strategies implemented in the Seattle area; and (4) identifying conditions when the delay benefit produced by a strategy at an upstream intersection is lost at the next downstream signal, resulting in no net benefit. Finally, this report presents recommendations for changes to the next edition of AASHTO's Guide for Geometric Design of Transit Facilities on Highways and Streets, based on the findings of this project.


In this article, we study two problems concerning the size of the set of finite point configurations generated by a compact set $E\subset \mathbb{R}^d$. The first problem concerns how the Lebesgue measure or the Hausdorff dimension of the finite point configuration set depends on that of $E$. In particular, we show that if a planar set has dimension exceeding $\frac{5}{4}$, then there exists a point $x\in E$ so that for each integer $k\geq2$, the set of "$k$-chains" has positive Lebesgue measure.
The second problem is a continuous analogue of the Erdős unit distance problem, which aims to determine the maximum number of times a point configuration with prescribed gaps can appear in $E$. For instance, given a triangle with prescribed sides and given a sufficiently regular planar set $E$ with Hausdorff dimension no less than $\frac{7}{4}$, we show that the dimension of the set of vertices in $E$ forming said triangle does not exceed $3\,{\rm dim}_H (E)-3$. In addition to the Euclidean norm, we consider more general distances given by functions satisfying the so-called Phong-Stein rotational curvature condition. We also explore a number of examples to demonstrate the extent to which our results are sharp.


Controversy over the merits of Null Hypothesis Statistical Significance Testing (NHST) as a tool for advancing knowledge in the social sciences has intensified in recent years. Literature for and against the use of statistical significant tests is reviewed and three major limitations of these tests are summarized. The first is that "p" values themselves cannot be used as indices of effect size. A second limitation is the recognition that unlikely results are not necessarily interesting or important. A third limitation is that "p" values do not bear on the important issue of result replicability because statistical tests do not test the possibility that sample results occur in the population. A summary is also presented of what NHST can and cannot do. (Contains 1 table and 48 references.) (SLD) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** burdeski.wp1 1/12/99 Running Head: STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE TESTS A Review of the Latest Literature on Whether Statistical Significance Tests Should Be Banned Thomas Burdenski Texas A & M University 77843-4225 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUQATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. CI Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY ihoiineLs ---1%1Afei4Jasikk TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southwest Educational Research Association, San Antonio, January 23, 1999. EST COPY AVAILABLE 2 Statistical Significance Tests -2Abstract Controversy over the merits of Null Hypothesis Statistical Significance Testing (NHST) as a tool for advancing knowledge in the social sciences has intensified in recent years. The present paper reviews the literature concerning arguments both in favor of and opposed to the use of statistical significance tests and summarizes three major limitations of these tests. Finally, a summary is presented of what null hypothesis statistical significance tests can and cannot do.


The millimeter wave (mmWave) combining with massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has become an attractive candidate for next generation cellular systems. However, estimating the channel sufficiently and accurately can be challenging due to both low coherence time and a large number of antennas. Based on the idea that mmWave channels will likely have a low rank structure relative to the number of antenna elements, this work formulates the channel estimation problem as a non-convex nuclear norm minimum optimization under noisy setting, and proposes a novel channel estimation algorithm based on alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) for mmWave massive MIMO system. Time division duplex (TDD) channel estimation is performed in this work. Our analysis and experimental results suggest that the proposed method outperforms the existing ones in terms of estimation error performance and pilot overhead, which doesn't require any knowledge about the statistical distribution or physical parameters of the propagation channel.


ABSTRACT In this study we developed an instrument to measure client satisfaction with crisis services-the Client Crisis Satisfaction Index (CCSI). The index is designed to capture the unique aspects of service delivery to survivors of natural disasters. The reliability and factor structure of the index were tested on a sample of 90 survivors of the Great Flood of 1993. Seven domains were tested: Appropriateness of services, availability of services, clarity of services, timing of services, dignified treatment, impact of services and skillfulness of worker. The analyses produced a five factor structure that was conceptually similar to the original seven domains. The index has excellent reliability and the factors appear uni-dimensional. The CCSI captures the importance aspects of service provision and the unique needs of disaster survivors. It is recommended as an overall measure of client satisfaction with crisis services.


Comment The following facts support the view that this tumour arose from the vestigial craniopharyngeal duct:(a) The presence in 0 20% of adults of a patent craniopharyngeal canal which may extend from the floor of the sella turcica through the sphenoidal septum into the vomer. (b) Isolated para-dental debris or epithelial rests have constantly been found along this axis. (c) The body or axis of the tumour extends from the under-surface of the floor of the sella turcica, through the sphenoidal air sinus into the vomer to terminate immediately above the junction of the soft palate and the nasal septum, i.e. it follows the course of the craniopharyngeal duct. The tumour thus forms a link between the suprasellar and the maxillary adamantinomata. BIBLIOGRAPHY


In vitro data support involvement of cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C8 and CYP3A4 in the metabolism of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor brigatinib. A 3‐arm, open‐label, randomized, single‐dose, fixed‐sequence crossover study was conducted to characterize the effects of the strong inhibitors gemfibrozil (of CYP2C8) and itraconazole (of CYP3A) and the strong inducer rifampin (of CYP3A) on the single‐dose pharmacokinetics of brigatinib. Healthy subjects (n = 20 per arm) were administered a single dose of brigatinib (90 mg, arms 1 and 2; 180 mg, arm 3) alone in treatment period 1 and coadministered with multiple doses of gemfibrozil 600 mg twice daily (BID; arm 1), itraconazole 200 mg BID (arm 2), or rifampin 600 mg daily (QD; arm 3) in period 2. Compared with brigatinib alone, coadministration of gemfibrozil with brigatinib did not meaningfully affect brigatinib area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC0–inf; geometric least‐squares mean [LSM] ratio [90%CI], 0.88 [0.83‐0.94]). Coadministration of itraconazole with brigatinib increased AUC0–inf (geometric LSM ratio [90%CI], 2.01 [1.84‐2.20]). Coadministration of rifampin with brigatinib substantially reduced AUC0–inf (geometric LSM ratio [90%CI], 0.20 [0.18‐0.21]) compared with brigatinib alone. The treatments were generally tolerated. Based on these results, strong CYP3A inhibitors and inducers should be avoided during brigatinib treatment. If concomitant use of a strong CYP3A inhibitor is unavoidable, the results of this study support a dose reduction of brigatinib by approximately 50%. Furthermore, CYP2C8 is not a meaningful determinant of brigatinib clearance, and no dose modifications are needed during coadministration of brigatinib with CYP2C8 inhibitors.


The series of gold discoveries in Baja California's Partido Norte during the 1850s impacted on the overall development of the region. Although the gold rushes of this period did not result in any great bonanza, they constituted an important antecedent for the mineral discoveries in later decades.The influx of prospectors from the United States to the region became linked to internal order and security problems, which constituted the greatest cha- llenge for the maintenance of governmental authority in this bor- der territory.


Subject. The article addresses problems of organization of efficient and stable agricultural production in conditions of climate aridity in the Volga region.
Objectives. The aim is to review the current state of the land reclamation industry in the Republic of Tatarstan, to elaborate recommendations for its further development.
Methods. The study employs methods of comparison, systematization, and generalization of data.
Results. We investigated the dynamics of agrometeorological data for 2006–2020 in the Republic of Tatarstan and revealed a trend towards an increase in climate aridity in the Volga region. The assessment of economic efficiency of irrigated agriculture enabled to state that potato yield increases by four times due to irrigation. Watering perennial crops helps provide the livestock industry with a reliable feed base. Conclusions. Despite the high economic efficiency of agricultural land reclamation, the number of agricultural producers introducing it into production activities remains low due to the high cost of restoration, construction and operation of land reclamation facilities, scarce technical and financial resources at agricultural enterprises.


Robotic technology designed to assist rehabilitation can potentially increase the efficiency of and accessibility to therapy by assisting therapists in providing consistent training for extended periods of time and collecting data to assess progress [...]


Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has emerged as the treatment of choice for carefully selected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis. In most units, selection is based on the 'Milan criteria' (Table 1) and, if these are applied, recurrence-free and overall survival figures of more than 70% at 4 years can be expected (1). Recent reports have suggested that these criteria may be relaxed while maintaining equally good results (Table 1) (2,3).


ABSTRACT In this article, an analogy is drawn between the concepts of driving forces, scales or morphology in biological systems, and the mathematical descriptions commonly used in materials science to understand the effects of phase transformation, on microstructures and its impact on mechanical properties. The simple case of pearlite is presented through a review of data from the literature, and the concept of microstructural control via control of the driving force for the phase transition is used to explore theoretical mechanical properties. This concept is then presented as an opportunity to address more complex system such as bainite.


Background: Reports on using virtual patients to assess counselling skills is scarce. Aim: This paper describes the feasibility and acceptability of assessing patient counselling skills of pharmacy students using a virtual patient simulator.

Description: In this innovative method, a high quality simulator 'Virtual Patient Learning' (VPL) was developed at Gulf Medical University (GMU) and was used to assess the counselling skills of 15 pharmacy graduate students. Counselling skills were measured using a four-domain scoring rubric of 1 to 5 marks followed by instant feedback for improvements. Student and faculty satisfaction scores were collected based on the feasibility and acceptability of the assessment method.

Evaluation: The average counselling skills score for all students was 68.4 (85.5%) out of 80 (range 54-76), with a standard deviation of 5.8. The overall student agreement on the feasibility and acceptability of the assessment method was 92.8%; it was 100% agreement for faculty.

Conclusion: The use of a high quality VPL simulator in assessing counselling skills was deemed feasible and acceptable for students and faculty. The assessment was repeated among 30 Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) graduates with similar outcomes. The virtual counselling method will be used in the programme exit exams, as well as in students entering their experiential year. Further studies are required to assess its validity and reliability with more students.


Many bitmap documents are composed by the superposition of layers with pictures and text. These documents do not compress well using image compression algorithms such as JPEG-2000, because text introduces sharp edges on top of the smooth surfaces typically found in natural images. Similarly, compression algorithms for text facsimiles, such as JBIG2, are not suited for color or gray level images. In this paper the SLIm system for separating text and line drawing from background images, in order to compress both more effectively is proposed. This approach differ from previous ones such as DjVu, Tiff-FX, and MRC, by being extremely simple and fast, while yielding close to state-of-the-art compression performance. Results show that the SLIm compression performance is attractive for many applications.


The fast development of non-traditional stable isotope geochemistry in last decade is a prominent feature in geochemical field.The pioneering works may be summarized into four aspects:development of methodologies,investigation on the extents of isotopic variations,study on the processes and mechanisms of isotope fractionation,and exploration of the potentials offered by these new isotope systems.Taking Mg,Fe,Cu,Zn and Mo isotopes as cases,this paper made a brief introduction of non-traditional stable isotope geochemistry.


The present research investigates how actor-oriented service modularity (here, decomposing services in packages delivered by single versus multiple service providing entities) impacts the formation of customer experiences in relation to the focal service provider (i.e., the service provider engaged in modularizing services). To test our hypotheses in the context of cancer care, patient observations (n=640) and a patient survey (n=377) were used to gather respectively service package and customer experience data. These data were analyzed using hierarchical Bayes models. Our results show that customer experiences with the focal service provider are shaped by waiting time, interactional and environmental quality in case of single service provider packages. Multiple service provider packages, in turn, divert customers' attention from waiting time and interactional quality with the focal service provider, but not from environmental quality. A notable exception involves multiple service provider packages with high time and location proximity, since none of the experience drivers affect customer experiences with the focal service provider. By proposing a new logic for service modularity (i.e., actor-oriented logic) and investigating its implications for the customer experience formation in relation to the focal service provider, this research contributes to the service design and modularity literature.


Optical spectroscopy of a nanocomposite of PbS quantum dots and poly(amido amine) dendrimer exhibits a 750-nm band-edge absorption peak, partially-polarized 820-1150 nm fluorescence with peak at 940 nm, and a fluorescence lifetime of 785 ns.


This study explores the understanding that Dutch agency workers (i.e. workers affiliated with a temporary-help service firm) have of organisation's commitment to its workers (OCW). Semi-structured interviews with 33 Dutch agency workers aimed to answer two questions: (1) what do agency workers believe the agency and the client should offer if they are aiming for perceived OCW and (2) who are the potential messengers of agency and client OCW? If agencies and clients want to get rewarded by agency workers with perceived OCW, they have to carry a shared responsibility for many aspects of fair and favourable human resource management. However, agency workers link some aspects exclusively to one of the two organisational parties: agency workers seem to associate promotion with the client organisation, and certain aspects of job characteristics (e.g. autonomy and performance feedback) solely with the client OCW. Other elements related to job characteristics were only associated with agency OCW (current and future person–task fit, job-satisfaction concerns and job-related problems), as well as keeping in touch and problem solving (e.g. job dissatisfaction) solely with agency OCW. Moreover, agency workers personify all the mentioned responsibilities: organisational member's actions concerning these responsibilities represent OCW. Agency consultants seem to be the sole representatives of perceived agency OCW, whereas several agents (e.g. top managers, direct supervisors, co-workers, clients' 'clients') serve as potential representatives of client organisations' commitment.


Objectives :- Increasing incidence of periodontal disease is a cause of concern and recognized potential public problem. The aim of this study was to understand the epidemiological profile of periodontal disease in rural population of Belgaum district, India. Materials and Methods ;- 1680 dentate adult subjects were examined from 12 villages in Belgaum district, Karnataka, India, for prevalence of periodontal status and their treatment needs by using Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Needs (CPITN) indicing system. Subjects were drawn from the age groups of 15-19 yrs, 20-29 yrs, 30-34 yrs, 45-60 yrs and 61 yrs & above. Results :-It was observed that as the age increased, the CPITN score also increased. While, CPITN score 2 (calculus) was most predominant in age groups 15-19 yrs & 20-29 yrs, CPITN score 3 (pathological pocket of 4-5 mm) was more common in the age groups 30-44 yrs & 45-60 yrs. CPITN score 4 (pathological pocket of >6 mm) was the highest in age groups 64 yrs & above. The treatment need was mainly TN-1 (oral hygiene instructions). The need for complex treatment i.e. TN-3 (deep scaling, root planning or surgery) was less in age group 15-19 yrs, but TN-3 increased with increasing age and was highest in the age group 61 yrs & above. Conclusion :- The present study indicates increase prevalence of periodontal diseases and aggressive treatment needs as the age progresses in the rural population. Therefore, adequate awareness regarding oral hygiene and importance on primary prevention could help in reducing the prevalence of periodontal disease to a great extent.


Testing flight of new aircrafts is a critical step of the aircraft manufacturing process. The test flight will generate a huge amount of sensor data. Engineers can extract important information from these data and perform anomaly detection of the aircraft with the help of the information. The LSTM model currently in use during the test flight has many disadvantages. The main disadvantage is that the prediction result is not accurate enough, and the LSTM model's predicted value image does not fit the actual value image well. In addition, the input data dimension of the model is too high, resulting in a large amount of computation. However, the commonly used data dimension reduction methods will affect the accuracy of the results. Based on the above issues, the purpose of this paper is to optimize the LSTM network model for handling test flight data, and greatly improve the accuracy of the LSTM model prediction results. The optimization starts from the three perspectives of LSTM model parameters, LSTM model structure, and feature extraction in data preprocessing to improve the performance of the model.


As one of the main sources of atmospheric particulate matter, the measurement and study of vehicle emission are still weak in China. The widely used sampling methods for vehicle emission are direct sampling and source dominated sampling while the dilution sampling method which is recognized as the most representative is still not established due to limited essential instruments and performance assessment index for vehicle emission. Based on analysis of the contributions of particulate matter from vehicle emission to atmospheric PM10and PM2.5, the establishing methods for chemical profiles of vehicle emission were reviewed, as well as their deficiency and chemical compositions of current profiles. It was proposed that chemical profiles for particular matter from vehicle emission need updating based on dilution sampling and standard chemical analysis methods.


The formation pathway of movement coordination was theoretically studied, It revealed that the formation of human movement coordination including four ways of spontaneous exploration, simple imitation, language teaching and independent innovation from the perspective of individual development. The results can provided reference for the developmentd of motor coordination, the promotion of sports teaching, sports training and athletic competition.