The incidence and contributing factors relating to amyloidosis in the family Anatidae were analysed by genus and species. There is a striking segregation of susceptibility by species, with exotic, poorly adapted or excessively aggressive birds being the most susceptible, and indigenous, well adapted non-aggressive or domestic types least susceptible. Other associations, such as chronic disease, are inconstant. Classifications such as primary and secondary amyloidosis do not apply to avian amyloidosis.


In a climate of economic restraint, governments are placing increasing pressure on museums to raise money from non-budget sources. Sponsorship of exhibitions and museum spaces is one of the major new sources of revenue for museums, but there are hidden and uncounted costs in the transaction with the sponsor. Politics and corporate interests are changing the relationship between government, the museum and the public, with many consequences for the work of the museum. Sponsorship is occurring in an ethical and policy vacuum which poses threats to the independence of our museums, the integrity of their work, and the public's interest.


Describes general synthetic strategies developed under this grant to control interchain electronic communications within conjugated polymers (CPs). Novel chemical architectures built on iptycenes, metallorotaxanes, and canopied pyrroles restrict the dimensionality of electronic structures responsible for excition and charge transport. Structure-property relationships emerging from studies of selected systems are discussed, focusing on their implications for the sensitivity of these materials as sensors.


Crossbred cows produce more beef than British bred straightbreds (Morgan 1986), but more information is needed on all aspects of their relative feed efficiency. The effect of genotype and feeding level on feed efficiency for maintenance was examined during pregnancy and lactation in Hereford (HxH), Angus x Hereford (AxH) and Friesian x Hereford (FxH) cows (n = 41) calving in autumn of 1985 and 1986.


Protecting against multi-step attacks of uncertain start times and duration forces the defenders into indefinite, always ongoing, resource-intensive response. To allocate resources effectively, the defender must analyze and respond to an uncertain stream of potentially undetected multiple multi-step attacks and take measures of attack and response intensity over time into account. Such response requires estimation of overall attack success metrics and evaluating effect of defender strategies and actions associated with specific attack steps on overall attack metrics. We present a novel game-theoretic approach GPLADD to attack metrics estimation and demonstrate it on attack data derived from MITRE's ATT&CK Framework and other sources. In GPLADD, the time to complete attack steps is explicit; the attack dynamics emerges from attack graph and attacker-defender capabilities and strategies and therefore reflects "physics" of attacks. The time the attacker takes to complete an attack step is drawn from a probability distribution determined by attacker and defender strategies and capabilities. This makes time a physical constraint on attack success parameters and enables comparing different defender resource allocation strategies across different attacks. We solve for attack success metrics by approximating attacker-defender games as discrete-time Markov chains and show evaluation of return on detection investments associated with different attack steps. We apply GPLADD to MITRE's APT3 data from ATT&CK Framework and show that there are substantial and un-intuitive differences in estimated real-world vendor performance against a simplified APT3 attack. We focus on metrics that reflect attack difficulty versus attacker ability to remain hidden in the system after gaining control. This enables practical defender optimization and resource allocation against multi-step attacks.


Wireless sensor network location problem is one of hot focus in the academic community recently and DV-Hop algorithm is commonly used to solve the typical location algorithms in wireless sensor Network. In order to improve the efficiency of the DV-Hop algorithm, ant colony algorithm and particle swarm optimization have been brought into DV-Hop algorithm for optimizing globally. The AP-DV-Hop algorithm makes use of the advantages of ACA and PSO so as to guarantee the globality of optimal solutions which avoids trapping in local optimum with the help of the particle nature of ant agents and initialized random solutions. Finally, the simulation experiment results have shown that AP-DV-Hop algorithm has smaller average location error than DV-Hop algorithm and genetic algorithm. Introduction Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a monitoring system composed of lots of sensor nodes in a self organizing way, which is applied widely to monitor and record the real-time conditions of the target area, such as temperature, decibel, humidity, ultraviolet light, PM2.5 and so on [1]. In the wireless sensor network, the sensor nodes without exact locations are called unknown sensor nodes. The information recorded by unknown sensor nodes is unusable because of the absence of exact locations information. So in the wireless sensor network, the sensor node location algorithm plays an important role which has become the hot focus in the academic community recently. All of the sensor node location algorithms could be classified into two categories: Range-based location algorithm and Range-free location algorithm. Range-based location algorithm which has higher precision level, needs to configure additional hardware devices on sensor nodes to measure the distance between any pair of nodes. So as to the cost and energy consumption of WSN are also much more. In contrast, it is easy for Range-free location algorithm with no need for additional hardware devices to estimate the location of unknown sensor nodes [2]. But the low precision level of results is the mainly disadvantage of Range-free location algorithm. It is universally acknowledged that the DV-Hop algorithm which estimate the distance between the anchor node and unknown node according to hops is one of the most effective Range-free location algorithms. To improve the efficiency of the DV-Hop algorithm, ant colony algorithm and particle swarm optimization usually are usually used for optimizing globally. In this paper an improved DV-Hop algorithm based on ant colony algorithm and particle swarm optimization (AP-DV-Hop) has been presented for solving wireless sensor network location problem. In order to improve the performance and precision of DV-Hop algorithm, ant colony algorithm and particle swarm optimization are used to minimize the fitness function of DV-Hop, so as to optimize the results of DV-Hop according to different distance or paths. Finally, the simulation experiment reflects that the AP-DV-Hop algorithm have lower average location error and higher location precision than DV-Hop algorithm.


Applying the growing body of coronavirus disease 2019 imaging evidence to daily clinical practice requires thoughtful use of established clinical epidemiology principles.


This study investigated the effects of demographic variables on the use of social networking sites SNSs and SNS users internet skills to expand the theoretical scope of digital divide. The effects of individuals intentions of using SNSs on their social participation were also examined. Data were obtained through an online survey. For the analysis of SNS use, Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and Cyworld were included. Results demonstrate that, for both SNS use and internet skills, education, monthly income and smartphone use affected SNS use positively, whereas age affected them negatively. Intention of relationship management and hard news consumption on SNSs influenced participation in social activities. Implications of the findings were discussed.


In order to reduce the probability of roof accidents caused by changing lithology,structure and combination of roof rock,the roof peering instrument was used to observe roadway roof to determine rock strength,predict the hidden dangerous area of roof fall,and reasonably design the support parameters of roadway roof. Based on the practical observation on the roadway of 1 000 m in experimental mine,the author optimized the anchor support parameters,strengthened the roadway support which was not sufficient,and reduced the excess support, in order to make support reasonable. The results showed that the hidden dangerous area of roof fall in experimental roadway was found in time and the support parameters were improved timely,so that the risk of roof fall was reduced,and 7 383 m anchor was saved. The improvement of support parameters according to observation data of roadway roof could improve security of roadway roof and avoid support material waste due to the unknown strength of roadway roof.


The interaction between cell factors and membrane receptor proteins plays an important role in life activities.Many diseases,such as cancers,autoimmune diseases and metabolic disorders have close relationship with the maladjustment of cell factors.So studying the interaction between cell factors and membrane receptors would be the groundwork for curing the diseases mentioned above.Here we reviewed the methods commonly used in nowadays studies,from directly detecting the combination of receptor and ligand by typical isotope labeling,to testing the downstream signal of biochemical channel,also to biophysical high-throughput testing.


This study examines the companies in which auditors have first issued going concern suspect, focusing specifically on impact factors influential to the company's survival period as well as analyzing when these companies will most likely be delisted. Empirical results imply that the first five years is the critical period for delisting after the going concern suspect. The paper also indicates that the mechanism of corporate governance and audit system are also decisive factors to companies with going concern suspicion whether they will be able to continue. Normal 0 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-TW X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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To explore the role of peripheral lymphocyte count in phenotyping and prognosis prediction in dermatomyositis (DM) patients with anti‐MDA5 antibodies.


Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In the heterogeneous group of hepatocellular carcinomas, those with characteristics of embryonic stem-cell and progenitor-cell gene expression are associated with the worst prognosis. The oncofetal gene SALL4, a marker of a subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma with progenitor-like features, is associated with a poor prognosis and is a potential target for treatment.


Ludwig's angina (LA) is a rapidly spreading and potentially life-threatening infection having an odontogenic infection as the most common source. It involves the floor of the mouth and neck. Modernization in medical care has made this entity rare and of low mortality at the present but it is still feared as a lethal entity due to rapidly progressive airway obstruction that follows. Here we report a case of a 15-year-old male who suffered from LA. Presenting symptoms and findings of the examination helped in the clinical diagnosis. Immediate intubation, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and treatment of complications aided the patient's recovery. LA should be considered for differential diagnosis in the case of neck swelling especially in those having a history of poor oral hygiene and recent dental procedures. Management of LA and its complications should always involve doctors from multiple disciplines.


The invention relates to a tool (200) for pre-forming a metallic outlet tube member (100) for a subsequent hydroforming for producing a tubular hydroformed member, with a plurality of mutually relatively movable mold parts (210, 220) having a forming cavity between them (230) for receiving limit and forming the main tube part (100). It is contemplated, comprising that the cavity (230) a both derived from the shape of the hydroformed part and to the extent (U1) of the reshaped output tube portion adapted (100) contour, such that each to a (by the output pipe part 100 ) predetermined Kavitatslangsachse (L) perpendicular to the Kavitatsquerschnitt exactly (in its cross-sectional circumference to the circumference of the outlet pipe portion 100) of reduced cross-sectional shape of the same position hydroforming component cross-section matches. The invention further relates to a method for producing such a tool (200) and a method of manufacturing a tubular hydroformed member with such a tool (200).


For SOME YEARS past, textbooks of radiology and medicine have included brief mention of an entity known as "rectal dyschezia." Usually the subject is dismissed very briefly, and comments on the etiology are vague. Illustrations accompanying the discussions often picture a dilated rectum, the dilatation sometimes encroaching upon the rectosigmoid. The condition is set down as due to decreased irritability of the rectum and to diminution of the impulse to defecate, with a consequent accumulation of feces in the rectal ampulla. Several features of such a case recently coming under our observation prompted us to investigate the subject of "dyschezia" more thoroughly, and the ineptness-or we might say obsolescence-of the term was impressed upon us as we probed for diagnostic criteria or illuminating notes on etiology. Case Report C. E., housewife, twenty-seven years of age, had experienced difficulty in emptying her bowels since childhood. Fecal accumulations at that time had given her so much distress that he...


A experiment was conducted on 120 day old broiler chicks divided into four groups, T0, T1, T2 and T3 which were supplemented with neem leaf powder @ 0gm, 1gm, 2gm and 3gm/kg of broiler ration, respectively. Weekly observations were recorded for live body weight, weekly gain in weight, weekly feed consumption and feed efficiency of birds for six weeks. All the treatment groups T1 (813.03), T2 (855.07) and T3 (834.21) recorded significantly (P<0.01) higher means for live body weight than that of control T0 (768.69) group. All the treatment groups showed nonsignificant increase in weekly gain in weight, feed consumption and feed efficiency as compared to that of control group.


Eva Hoffman considers the current preoccupation with memory - as opposed to its referents (history, experience) - and particularly with memory of the Holocaust. She proposes that the intense absorption with memory has largely emerged from the second generation, i.e., from those for whom the Holocaust (or other disturbing pasts) has been a crucially formative event, yet one which they themselves did not experience.


In this paper we have studied Node Recovery in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and analyzed and reviewed two very interesting node recovery techniques; Recovery through Inward Motion (RIM) and Least Distance Movement Recovery (LDMR). We have compared both the techniques based on different performance metrics and presented the results.


Training of artisans and mechanics for American industry has been very much neglected in past years, and the movement for the revival of apprenticeship and industrial training can justly expect support. One of the great problems of apprenticeship and industrial training is to give the movement greater publicity, and to bring the subject before manufacturers and business men.
 Local branches of the Society can effectively promote the movement by holding contests of various kinds related to industrial training. Because of the interest of engineers in drafting work, a contest in skill for drafting apprentices is suggested.
 Such a contest may be conducted by a local committee, and if given extensive publicity will be very effective. Another possibility for the local branches is to give an award for the best paper written by an engineer on an assigned subject in the field of industrial training. The successful papers might be read before meetings of local branches of the Society. Also local branches might award a medal or cup every year to the corporations in their respective communities which have made the greatest advance in industrial training in a given year. Such a contest might be the most effective of all, but would need to be more carefully directed than the others.
 Contests of this kind could be carried on without extensive study or research, and experience in similar contests conducted under other auspices has proved that they are very effective for purposes of publicity. Through contests the influence of the Society would force attention to the problems of industrial training on those who are most directly concerned.


This squib presents evidence for a novel family of positional markedness constraints singling out two of the prominent positions identified in the literature: word-initial syllables and syllables in the root. It is shown that Weight-by-Position Adjunction (Hayes 1989) in certain languages preferentially applies in these psycholinguistically prominent positions, which play an important role in speech processing.


The authors present improved measurements of the branching fractions and CP-asymmetries fin the B{sup 0} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}, B{sup 0} {yields} {pi}{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0}, and B{sup +} {yields} {rho}{sup +}{rho}{sup 0} decays, which impact the determination of {alpha}. The combined branching fractions of B {yields} K{sub 1}(1270){pi} and B {yields} K{sub 1}(1400){pi} decays are measured for the first time and allow a novel determination of {alpha} in the B{sup 0} {yields} {alpha}{sub 1}(1260){sup {+-}}{pi}{sup {-+}} decay channel. These measurements are performed using the final dataset collected by the BaBar detector at the PEP-II B-factory. The primary goal of the experiments based at the B factories is to test the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) picture of CP violation in the standard model of electroweak interactions. This can be achieved by measuring the angles and sides of the Unitarity Triangle in a redundant way.


This paper develops a novel mechanism of direct drive tails for miniature helicopters. The developed tail employs a brushless motor mode and outperforms the traditional torque tube tails with less vibration and prompter responses. Mechanism design and implementation of the direct drive tail is presented at first. A nonlinear model is adopted into analyzing the direct drive tail's influence on kinematics and dynamics of miniature helicopters. Control parameters are optimized by online testing and experience as well. Experiments with an Align T-REX 450L helicopter and a Pixhawk autopilot are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the developed new-type direct drive tail mechanism.


The Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) method in energy disaggregation is an effective way to disaggregate overall power consumption and obtain information on electricity usage for each load. The load identification is determined by the signature of each appliance. As the main contribution in this research, implementing the Random Forest algorithm in the application of the NILM method to identify the type of appliance and compare it with the supervised algorithms that are often used in NILM, such as Support Vector Machine, Multi-Layer Perceptron, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Naïve Bayes. The proposed algorithm was tested using data on household appliances collected using a single-phase power metering system with five electrical appliances tested, i.e., fans, lamps, rice cookers, televisions, and telephone chargers. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on the tested appliances is also validated using the WHITED public dataset under current and power features. The proposed method identifies appliance types correctly above 90% of the total events in the private and WHITE datasets. The results of a series of experiments show that the proposed algorithm is more optimal than the other algorithms tested.


Producer prices for milk generally reflect only differences in butterfat content as an explicit measure of value. This paper demonstrates that such a pricing system results in inequitable payments to producers. A component pricing approach that includes component values is then suggested.


This paper proposes an efficiently implementation of Multi-Delay Filter Block Recursive Least Squares (MDF-BRLS) algorithm. This implementation uses a particular transform that is defined on a finite ring of integers with arithmetic carried out modulo Fermat numbers. In term of performances, this Fermat Number Transforms (FNT) is ideally suited to digital computation, requiring approximately Nlog2N additions, subtractions and bit shifts, but no multiplications unlike the Fourier transform (FFT). FNT implementation results confirm that the MDF-BRLS adaptive filter can implement with smallest computational complexity compared with an implementation using the Fourier transform.


Designed with synergy, functionality and elegance with natural cool colours, creating the perfect atmosphere for relaxation, this retro hotel offers the ultimate in luxury for business and leisure travellers in a safe, pleasant, and exciting development..


This reflexion focuses on the connection between anthropological fieldwork, quantification and theory - arguing that anthropologists should not content themselves with locally valid explanations, but should contribute to general theories. The paper originated as part of the "round table discussion" at the Workshop on the Anthropological Demography of Europe, held in September 2005.


Collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectra are reported for C4H7O+ and C5H9O+ ions generated by loss of an alkyl radical from 11 isomers of C5H9OCH3+• and 8 isomers of C6H11OCH3+• produced b...


Specification and reckoning methods of bid evaluation price is the core of bid evaluation in all projects.It will have unscientific infulence on the successful bidder for inconsistent to understanding of the bid evaluation price in construction field.Based on revision of offer price's arithmetic mistake,deduction of reserve fund,capital time value and life-cycle cost and avails,a new reckoning method of bid evaluation price is put forward.


To overcome the problems caused by the controller compensation and temperature compensation in the analog rebalance loop,the method and implementation of the digital control were researched.A highly precision,adjustable three-phase inverter power source of Dynamically Tuned Gyroscope(DTG) motor was designed using SVPWM method based on DSP to solve the problems on adjusting the frequency,low stability of phase and low efficiency of motor power source.The two-input-two-output frequency characteristic analyzer was designed using dSPACE Hardware-in-loop(HIL) system,the open loop discrete transfer function matrix of digital rebalance loop was identified.Based on matrix inverse and traditional controller method the decoupling and compensation controller was designed to get better dynamic performance of DTG.The experiment shows that the frequency stability of designed DTG motor power source is better than ±1.5×10-6,waveform distortion is lower than 5%,which meets the demand of DTG.The band width of lock loop under control is higher than 70 Hz,overshoot is lower than 5%,rising time is shorter than 5 ms,and the cross coupling is lower than 1% between the two axis when there is a 10 Hz sinusoidal input,which has better dynamic performance than the analog rebalance loop in guaranteeing the stability margin,establishing the basis of modern control method application in DTG rebalance loop.


The pitting corrosion behavior of BFe30-1-1 alloy in NaCl solutions was investigated.Thus the anodic polarization curves and pitting potentials of the BFe30-1-1 alloy in NaCl solutions of various pH values were measured.The concentrations of Cu2+ and Ni2+ in the solutions were measured using atomic absorption photospectroscopy.The morphology of the pitting corroded alloy surface and the elemental composition of the corroded cross-section were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy.Moreover,the corrosion products were analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction.It was found that the BFe30-1-1 alloy showed similar corrosion behavior in acidity NaCl solution and mild alkaline NaCl solution.It had better corrosion resistance at low potential in strong alkaline solution than in acidity and mild alkaline solutions,which was because a stable passive film was formed on the surface of the alloy immersed in 0.5 mol/L NaCl solution with a pH value of 14.Moreover,corrosion characterized by nickel peeling off occurred in the pitting corrosion of the BFe30-1-1 alloy.


As transportation activities affect a region's environmental quality, knowing why individuals prefer certain modes can help a region make judicious transportation investments. Using a nested logit model, this paper studies the behavior of commuters to downtown Pittsburgh who use auto, bus, light rail, walking, and biking. Although statistical measures influence the selection of a nesting structure, another criterion for model selection is the policy questions such models inform. Hence this paper demonstrates how an alternative model structure allows planners to consider new policy questions. For example, how might a change in parking fee affect greenhouse gas emission (GHGs)? The proposed model showed that a 5%, 10% and 15% increase in parking cost reduces GHGs by 7.3%, 9% and 13.2%, respectively, through increasing carpoolers' mode share. Because the proposed model forecasts mode choices of certain groups of travelers with higher accuracy (compared to an older model that did not consider the model selection criteria presented here), the proposed model strengthens policymakers' ability to consider environmental impacts of interest to the region (in this case, GHGs). The paper does not suggest that one nesting structure is always preferable; rather the nesting structure must be chosen with the policy considerations in mind.


For adventurous young men, the experience of the gold rush was one of transformation. The most keenly-sought transformation was from "not wealthy" to "fabulously wealthy, " but the literature, histories and memoirs of the era point toward a much more general sense of change and disorientation. One writer noted of the new arrivals to Sacramento that as "each one steps on shore, he seems to have entered a magic circle, in which he is under the influence of new impulses. The wills of all seem under the control of some strong and hidden agency." Joining the rush may have promised an escape from the restraints of home, but the writer here suggests an altogether more complex exchange. The "new arrival" may have been active in leaving home, but he is placed in a passive position as he is welcomed into the brotherhood of a "magic circle," seduced or enchanted by a regulatory power of which he is scarcely aware. The experience, it seems, was familiarly fraternal, but also unsettling.


beetles whose habitat is dead logs and stumps, are numerous. The beau t i f~ l Aplzorzsta vittata (Fab.) is occasionally found, Eusfrophinus bicolor Fab., Orchesia castanea Melsh. and I-lolostrophus bifasciatus (Say) are numerous, whiIe Scaplzidium piceuvlz Melsh. and Scapkisoma convexum Say are less so. Somemrhat later Mic4 uronus serzcans Lec. Cavtifa pusilla (Hald.) , Cap~lochroa fulginosa (Melsh.), Aphorists vittata (Fab.) , Mycetophagus flexz~osus Say, Lital~gus didesnzus Say and Latlzridius liraius Lec. are among the interesting species that can be found either under bark or by sweeping. Throughout the Summer Chrysomelids are numerous, including species of such striking groups as Pachybraclzgs and Cryptocephal~~s and species of Donacia. Calosoulza sycophanta L. can be found climbing in search of Gipsy moth larvae. Representatives of the Hemipterous groups are common during the , Summer and a considerable number of species occur. Among the Pentatomidae, there may be mentioned such interesting species as Podisus placidus Uhl., Perillzts cxaphus Say, Banasa diwtidiata (Say) , and Pevibalus liwzbolarius Stal., while Eusclz~stus is represented by several species, z~ariolarius (P.B.), tristigmus Say, and ictericus (Linn.). Species of the very interesting F'ulgorid genus Oliocarus are found occasionally, while late in the season A4canalonia bivittata Say is quite numerous. Throughout the Summer the Cercopids are plentiful, the innumerable forms of Philaeftus leucophthalmus (Linn.) and Clnstopfei,a proteus Fitch and obtusa (Say) being most numerous. Leafhoppers are numerous in species and individuals, some of the most showy being Eute t t ix southmicki (Van D.), joh9zsoni Van D.. sewzinudus (Say) , and strobi Fitch; Jassus olitorius Say, Chlorotettix unicolor (Fitch) and tergatus (Fitch), Penthimia americaqta Fitch, Mesantia 7~itelina (Fitch), and Acocephalus nervosus (Schrank) . Everything considered, Viialden Pond has proved to be one of the most favorable collecting grounds that the writer has found near Boston, and a visit to these sacred haunts has yet to be made without turning up something interesting or not previously taken. These specimens labeled "Concord" seem a little more valuable than others, perhaps for the reason that Thoreau may have observed and wondered at the means of life of the forbears of these specimens which now repose in my cabinet; even as we today wonder and search to learn how and why they live, so that in far future years our posterity may more clearly understand and appreciate that greatest riddle of all-life.


The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between motivation and meaningful learning in the tenth grade students of the School of Basic Education "Dr. Leonidas Garcia Ortiz ", Riobamba, Period October 2018 - March 2019; We worked with 64 students, 38 men and 26 women. Motivation is the impulse that moves people to do what they set out to do, it is a key element in the educational process (Betoret, 2002). Significant learning helps to structure the new knowledge and previous ideas of the students, facilitating the acquisition of a complemented and lasting information (Moreira, 2000). Methodologically, we worked with a mixed approach; With a design of non-experimental research, a type of research is transversal, the objectives are basic and the place is field, being the level of descriptive and correlational research, its sample was intentional non-probabilistic. The motivational climate questionnaire adapted by Luisa Irureta Nunez in 1995 and a survey carried out on the Likert scale were used to collect data. To establish the correlation of the acquired data, the statistical program SPSS 24 was used, in which a strong Pearson correlation was obtained between the two variables with a level of 0.036.


The structure and operation principle of a DCS based on Embedded Web Server,taking control of lift as an example,are introduced.Gives a method of setting up Embedded Web Server and remote accessing using Internet,This system can realize the functions of remote diagnosis,remote control and remote management.


3D vehicle detection based on multi-modal fusion is an important task of many applications such as autonomous driving. Although significant progress has been made, we still observe two aspects that calls for further improvement: First, what extra information can be obtained from the images to complement the point clouds in 3D detection tasks is seldom explored by previous works. Second, most fusion modules can only be used in their designed network, lacking universality. In this work, we propose PointAttentionFusion and DenseAttentionFusion: two end-to-end trainable single-stage multi-modal feature fusion approaches to adaptively combine RGB and point cloud modalities. Experimental results on the KITTI dataset demonstrate significant improvement in filtering false positive over the approaches using only point cloud data. Furthermore, the proposed methods can provide competitive results compared to the published state-of-the-art multi-modal methods in the KITTI benchmark. Both fusion modules are applicable in all voxel-based 3D detection architectures and similar improvements are expected.


Background/Aims: Patterns of lymph node involvement in carcinoma of the papilla of Vater (CPV) have not been studied in detail to date, and factors associated with lymphatic metastases and surgical outcome of this disease remain to be determined. Methods: Lymph node involvement and surgical outcome of 51 CPV patients were evaluated by extended lymphadenectomy specimens. Results: Lymph nodes with high metastatic potential were posterosuperior pancreaticoduodenal nodes (group 13a, 18%), posterior-inferior pancreaticoduodenal nodes (group 13b, 22%), and nodes around the superior mesenteric artery (group 14, 18%). Gross appearance of the primary tumor and depth of tumor invasion correlated with lymph node involvement (p < 0.05, respectively). A correlation with positivity was also found in groups 13 and 14. Disease-specific survival correlated with the gross appearance of the primary tumor and nodal involvement. However, there was no relationship between survival and the level of nodal involvement. Multivariate analysis indicated that the gross appearance of the tumor was the only significant independent predictor of a poor outcome. Conclusions: Gross appearance of the tumor is the most important prognosticator of lymph node metastases in CPV. Nodal dissection around the superior mesenteric artery may improve survival except in patients without invasion of the sphincter of Oddi. Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy is the treatment of choice.


High taxes and social security contributions and heavy regulation are the main drivers of the shadow economy. Resources not being used in the official economy can be used in the shadow economy to increase overall supply of goods and services. Opinions on how to deal with the labor force in the shadow economy differ widely. Governments try to encourage firms to move out of the shadow economy by improving public institutions. Fostering stronger popular participation in government decision-making, expanding elements of direct democracy, and eliminating corruption can also reduce the shadow economy. ELEVAtoR PitCH


SUMMARY Five commercial preparative layer chromatography (PLC) plates precoated with silica gel layers 1 mm thick were compared on the basis of theoretical plate number (N) and resolution (R) by developing a test dye mixture with the same mobile phase over a constant distance with dye loadings of 1.0–5.0 µg per zone. It was found that the best performance, on the basis of N and R data, was obtained from the new Mallinckrodt– Baker layer with 4.5–5.5-µm spherical particles. With one exception the efficiency and resolution of the other layers correlated with their particle size.


This article investigates Australia's economic success since the 1990s. As this was set in motion by fundamental political reforms, it asks to what extent Australian-type federalism has been an important factor in the reform process. By using two approaches - the market-preserving federalism approach of Weingast, which stresses the virtues of "limited government", decentralisation and competition together with the intergovernmental coordination approach of Scharpf which argues for a "problem-solving" orientation of territorial actors -, the structure of Australian federalism, changes in the working of the federal system in the 1990s, and effects on policy-making are scrutinised. The article demonstrates that a particular combination of a rather centralised federal structure and a particular type of intergovernmental coordination, i.e. collaboration, supplemented by the strong influence of new public management ideas, has been conducive to political reforms in Australia. This suggests that a decentralised and competitive version of federalism, as defended by Weingast, is not a necessary condition for embarking on a successful reform path in federal countries. In future research, both approaches or analytical dimensions should be used in order to better understand the relationship of intergovernmental relations and policy reforms.


Improving education systems is an elusive goal. Despite considerable investment, international studies such as the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) project of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the McKinsey Report, How The World's Best Performing Schools Come Out On Top, indicate that improving teacher quality is more important than increased financial investment. Both reports challenge governments, academics and practitioners to adopt new ways of sharing and building knowledge. This article makes the case for national education systems to adopt tried and tested knowledge management and Web 2.0 tools used by other sectors, and highlights the neglected potential of teacher educators as agents for improvement.


This paper presents the analysis of a class-E PA using an equivalent circuit model based on a look-up table generated by numerical simulation. The proposed methodology allows the direct determination of the drain voltage and current waveforms considering the transistor's triode region, finite switching time, and short-channel and thermal effects on saturation current. The revealed non-ideal space of high-efficient solutions is used to determine the class-E modes for maximum efficiency and maximum linearity. To support the theoretical results, a particular topology is implemented using a 25W-GaN transistor. The experimental results of the manufactured class-E are presented. Over a bandwidth of 2.37-2.41 GHz, the demonstrator has presented efficiency better than 75% with constant 42 dBm of continuous wave power.


We study the polyharmonic Neumann and mixed boundary value problems on the Korányi ball in the Heisenberg group . Necessary and sufficient solvability conditions are obtained for the nonhomogeneous polyharmonic Neumann problem and Neumann–Dirichlet boundary value problems.


According to Healthy People 2020, the US government recommends that by the year 2020, 80% of adults 18 to 64 years and 90% of older adults older than 65 years should be immunized for seasonal influenza. The definition of vaccination coverage is the percentage of persons in a population who have received at least 1 dose of influenza-containing vaccine in a given year. Coverage has improved in recent years, but remains well below targets. From 2008 to 2010, coverage improved from 25% to between 45% and 49% among adults, and between 39% to 72%, among older adults.


Objectives In this study, we aimed to investigate the concordance of ultrasonographic remission with other remission criteria and to show the influence of non-inflammatory patient-induced factors such as depression, anxiety, fibromyalgia and fatigue on both clinical and ultrasonographic remission. Methods Fifty consecutive patients with clinical remission (DAS-28-ESR<2.6) who were diagnosed according to the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria were recruited to this study. Patients were also assessed whether they met the Boolean and SDAI remission criteria. 28 joint grey scale (GS) and power Doppler (PD) ultrasonography were performed. Patients' depression and anxiety were assessed by The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and their fatigue was assessed by multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF) scores and patients' fibromyalgia was assessed by widespread pain index (WPI) and symptom severity score (SS). Results Patients were divided into 4 groups according to different remission definitions by ultrasonography. (Group1: PD=0 and GS=0, Group2: PD=0 and GS ≥0, Group3: PD=1 or 0 and GS=1 or 0, Group4: PD=1 or 0 and GS ≥0). Although it is not statistically significant, the highest agreement with all the clinical remission criteria was found in the USG remission group 4 (table 1). Patients with ultrasonographic remissions at their first visit in 2011 were reevaluated with clinical remission criteria at the end of 5 years. The highest remission rates were found in patients with USG remission group 3 (DAS28 58%, Boolean 29%, SDAI 47%). There was no significant difference between fatigue, fibromyalgia, depression and anxiety measures between remission and non-remission in all USG remission groups. In contrast, depression (p<0.05) and anxiety (p<0.03) were significantly higher in patients without SDAI remission. Depression (p<0.008) and anxiety (p<0.014) were also significantly higher in patients without Boolean remission.Abstract FRI0038 – Table 1 The concordance between Ultrasound remission and other remission criteria Das28 (n=50) SDAI (n=23) Boolean (n=22) Group 1: PD=0 GS=0 n (%) 13 (% 26) 8(%34,7) 5 (%22,7) Group 2: PD=0 GS≥0 n (%) 22 (% 44) 10 (%43,4) 8(%36,3) Group 3: PD=1 or 0 and GS=1 or 0 n (%) 17 (%34) 8 (%34,7) 7 (%31,8) Group 4: PD=1 or 0 and GS≥0 n (%) 28 (%56) 13(%56,5) 11 (%50) Conclusions Clinical and ultrasonographic remission was found to be compatible in half of the patients. The compliance of the USG remission in Group 4 with the clinical remission definitions was good, and clinical remission continuity was higher in the group meeting the definition of group 3. In contrast the ultrasound remission, the high levels of depression and anxiety in patients without SDAI and Boolean remission suggest that non-inflammatory patient-derived measures have less influence on the ultrasound remission. Disclosure of Interest None declared


A binary equimolar dense fluid mixture is subjected to a shear. The orientational distribution of particles of type i around particles of type j (i, j=1, 2) and the distortion of the radial distribution function is discussed for planar Couette flow. Results are presented in terms of a mixture of soft spheres, for which one species differs substantially in size and mass from the other, simulated on the computer using the technique of shear nonequilbrium molecular dynamics. Transport coefficients, including those associated with normal pressure differences, are given for the mixture and for the species in the mixture. Non‐Newtonian phenomena are observed.


A study was conducted in the glass house to observe the role of K/Na ratio and moisture contents on the growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.cv. Lu-26) under NaCl stress. The plants were grown under hydroponic conditions at two salinity levels of 0 and 50 mM as NaCl. Calcium as CaSO4. 2H2O was applied at 3 and 6 mM to the pots of salinity. The plants were harvested after 30 days of growth. The treatments showed a highly significant (p< 0.01) effect on the growth and ionic relations. Fresh weight of shoot and root increased by 44 and 41 % respectively, with increased application of CaSO4 from 3 to 6 mM in the saline medium. Dry mass was increased by 46% at 50 mM of NaCl with the application of 6 mM of CaSO4.2H2O. Relative water content in the root decreased with the application of CaSO4.2H2O in saline treatment as compared to non-saline treatment. The increased K/Na ratio had a pronounced effect on the increase of dry mass of shoot by 72% at 6 mM than 3 mM of CaSO4.2H2O application in the saline medium. @JASEM


O 16 September 2008 the Revd Professor Michael Reiss resigned from his position as Director of Education at the Royal Society. The immediate context of his resignation was the furore created by the media in the wake of an address that he had given on Thursday 11 September 2008 in Liverpool, at the annual Festival of Science organised by the British Association for the Advancement of Science. The story seemed to be of universal interest, with several papers next day devoting full-page spreads to it, under large, eye-catching headings. For example, the Times (12 September 2008) headlined with 'Royal Society and the case for creationism: leading scientists at odds with Government over religious education', claiming that the Royal Society was supporting Professor Reiss in his 'heretical' views, while the Guardian's banner headline on the same day was 'Teach creationism, says top scientist. Both Reiss and the Royal Society itself moved quickly to declare that he had been misunderstood. In numerous statements and letters to the press they stressed that what he had actually said in the lecture had been misrepresented, as shown by the statement issued by the Royal Society on Friday 12 September:


Carbonation can mean either the use of carbonate salts of the local anesthetics (LA) or aerating a solution of LA with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. Both methods were found to potentiate the nerve blocking effects of bupivacaine on isolated nerve preparations. The molecular CO2 in such solutions readily diffuses through tissue membranes resulting in an increase in intracellular hydrogen ion concentration; this leads to an increase in the protonated form of LA and thus to a potentiation of nerve block. In addition we present evidence that there is a decrease in the hydrogen ion concentration immediately outside the cell membrane subsequent to CO2 diffusion that increases the concentration of the uncharged form of LA outside the cell and this favors LA diffusion into the cell. There is no evidence that carbonation, per se, alters the diffusion characteristics of the membranes, changes the nerve membrane sensitivity, or alters LA behavior except as caused by changes in hydrogen ion concentration.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of initial trust in doctor (ITID) and its corresponding ascendants namely, hospital institutional trust, trusting beliefs, trust propensity of patients, marketing factors such as country of origin (COO), face to face and online word of mouth (F2FWOM and OWOM), and price sensitivity (PS) on the medication purchase intention of chronic disease patients in Mainland China.
Design/methodology/approach – Cross city surveys were conducted. 1500 self-administrated questionnaires were distributed to patient groups in 24 hospitals located in 20 cities spread across 14 provinces. 994 effective questionnaires were collected to test the hypotheses.
Findings –This research supports the hypothesized positive effect of ITID and the major sequential effects of the corresponding ascendants of initial trust on medication purchase intention of chronic disease patients. This research also supports COO as an influential marketing factor in altering the medication purchase intention of chronic disease patients in China. Different degrees of the moderating effect of F2FWOM and PS on ITID are verified and discussed.
Originality/value – This research not only credits the validity of initial trust model proposed by Mcknight et al in 1998, it in fact extends the knowledge about the influence of initial trust on medication purchase intention of healthcare services in China. It also reveals the main mediating and moderating effects of marketing factors and ITID on the medication purchase intention. It may be one of the first empirical researches which describes the impact of ITID and related marketing factors on chronic patients' medication purchase intention in China. Practical suggestions about how to foster ITID and the handling of marketing factors for effective marketing are proposed based on the insights from the research findings and the practitioners' point of view.


The integration of digital technology into daily life has created an ongoing dilemma for parents about how best to guide their children's ownership of, use of, and engagement with media. While the American Academy of Pediatrics has provided guidelines for parents related to youth media use and access,1 parents continue to express confusion over what type of media and technology is appropriate for children, when children should have independent media access, and how much access to technology is healthy. To facilitate communication between pediatricians and parents on developmentally appropriate recommendations for youth technology access, we propose a guiding A, B, C acronym model to support parental understanding of relevant factors to be considered. Improved parental engagement around youth technology access is a key step to promote healthy youth media use.


The capacity of the power plant block to be built with a single shaft is limited by the large specific volume of water-steam. This problem is solved by substitution for the cold end of the watersteam turbine through ammonia turbine, so the unit capacity of turbines can be increased. At low capacities the ammonia system can be applied in regions with cold climates. The air condensation can be highly advantageous. At the nuclear power plants it can be efficiently ensured by the system of two working media that the radioactive media should not get into the cooling tower. By the application of a second working medium there can also be left out the middle moisture precipitator and the steam superheater needed at systems of saturated steam. On the basis of this study a cycle of advantageous efficiency can be realized by controlling the boundary temperatures of water steam and ammonia as well as by careful design of the thermal flow diagram. (auth)


This paper by Hyungin Moon and Jae‐Chul Jung (DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1941)has been retracted by agreement between the authors and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The retraction was requested by Hyungin Moon due to errors being made in the performance of the experimental work.


Radionuclides leaking from a damaged canister spread into the clay surrounding the canister and then migrate through various pathways into the mobile water in the rock fractures. To quantify uncertainties regarding the release to the far field, a sensitivity analysis is performed for variations in the parameters governing the release. Variations in the size of the damage in the canister, uranium solubility, sorption capacity of the clay, and hydraulic properties of the fractured rock nearest to the canister have to be accurately determined in order to minimize uncertainties in the release.


A method using a two-dimensional thin section image of porous media and multiple-point statistics to reconstruct the three-dimensional structures of porous media was proposed.A two-dimensional thin section image of porous media with the resolution of micron was used as an original training image.The two-dimensional reconstruction image of the next layer obtained each time was taken as a new training image.Multiple-point statistics is used to reconstruct the image of the next layer of the new training image.Each pixel in the two-dimensional images corresponded to a voxel in the three-dimensional space.The final three-dimensional image of porous media was obtained by stacking all the reconstructed images of each layer successively.This method was tested on the three-dimensional reconstruction of sandstone samples.Comparison with experimental results indicate that the characteristics of pore structures in porous media reconstructed through this method were similar to those of real pore structure in the volume data of sandstone samples.


129 waxy corn inbred lines were selected as the tested materials and correlation and cluster analysis on these inbreds with the RVA pasting characteristics were generated.The results were as follows: ① Seven RVA pasting characteristics were all very significant among different inbreds,which indicated the tested inbred lines had great variation in starch pasting characteristics.② The very significant positive correlation was found among peak viscosity,trough viscosity and final viscosity,and pasting temperature and peak time also had highly significant positive correlation.The correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.7,which showed that the correlation of these traits was very close.Peak viscosity,trough viscosity and final viscosity were negatively correlated with pasting temperature and peak time,but the related level was not high.Breakdown and setback were positively correlated with peak viscosity,trough viscosity and final viscosity,but the breakdown was negatively correlated with pasting temperature and peak time at a very significant level while setback showed significantly positive correlation with them.③ 129 inbred lines were clustered into three categories based on seven starch pasting characteristics;the number of inbred lines of each category was 77,24 and 28 respectively.The difference between categories was primarily reflected in the value of viscosity and variation within each category.Inbreds in category I had a big viscosity value and a small coefficient of variation within category.Inbreds in category II had a small viscosity value but a high coefficient of variation within category.Inbreds in category III were somewhere between category I and Ⅱ.


The course of pregnancy and labour in women with preeclampsia considerably determines maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The study of the hormonal function of the fetal-placental complex appears to be rather topical in this respect. The research conducted gave the evidence that the pregnant with preeclampsia develop placental dysfunction. It results in a decrease of hormone production in the fetal-placental complex, development of complications during gestation, labour, conditions of the fetus, and requires a hormone-correcting therapy.


Article 106 (1) of the Treaty establishing the European Community and Article 16 of the ESCB Statute give the Eurosystem the legal mandate to issue euro banknotes. A primary task of executing this mandate is to ensure the integrity and preservation of euro banknotes in circulation and, by extension, the public's trust in euro banknotes. To attain these objectives, the condition (quality) of euro banknotes in circulation must be maintained at a good level so as to ensure that banknotes are accepted as a means of payment by the general public and can be readily used by banknote accepting devices. Moreover, only banknotes in good condition can be easily and reliably checked for genuineness. As banknotes inevitably deteriorate during circulation, worn or defective banknotes should be quickly withdrawn from circulation and replaced by new or fit banknotes. In addition, protecting the integrity of euro banknotes as a means of payment means that counterfeit euro banknotes need to be quickly recognised and immediately handed over to the competent national authorities to support investigations by the law enforcement agencies.


In this work, we report the pressure dependence of the effective Coulomb interaction parameters (Hubbard $U$) in paramagnetic NiO within the constrained random phase approximation (cRPA). We consider five different low-energy models starting from the most expensive one that treats both Ni-$d$ and O-$p$ states as correlated orbitals ($dp\ensuremath{-}dp$ model) to the smallest possible two-orbital model comprising the ${e}_{g}$ states only (${e}_{g}\ensuremath{-}{e}_{g}$ model). We find that in all the considered models, the bare interactions are not very sensitive to the compression. However, the partially screened interaction parameters show an almost linear increment as a function of compression, resulting from the substantial weakening of screening effects upon compression. This counterintuitive trend is explained from the specific characteristic changes of the basic electronic structure of this system. We further calculate the nearest-neighbor intersite $d\ensuremath{-}d$ interaction terms, which also show substantial enhancement due to compression. The computed interaction parameters for antiferromagnetic NiO are almost identical to their paramagnetic counterparts. Results for other prototypical $3d$ transition metal monoxides, FeO, CoO, and CuO, further demonstrate that the monotonic increase of the partially screened interaction parameters under the application of pressure is a generic characteristic of transition metal monoxides. Finally, the effective parameters of $3d$ states grow as a function of the atomic number of the transition metal ion.


Russia is a country of global importance and great internal diversity, making it challenging to undertake acoherent country growth diagnostic. The world's largest transcontinental country spans eleven time zones in northern Eurasia. Russia is the main trading partner for many of its more than a dozen neighbors. It also is thehost of 11 million migrants who generate significant remittances for their home countries. As a growing upper middle-income economy, it plays an increasing role as a donor to low-income economies worldwide. Russia isthe ninth most populous country in the world with an admirable track-record in reducing poverty and boosting shared prosperity. Russia is unevenly populated and economic activity is dispersed, preventing the scale advantages of agglomeration. Altogether, these characteristics render undertaking this Systematic Country Diagnostic aboutRussia's future development course challenging. The analysis identifies general causal chains related to Russia'sinterlinked development challenges and opportunities, but is often based on data only available at the national level. This diagnostic identifies two pathways where progress is critical for sustainable growth and an expansion of shared prosperity. The first pathway identified areas where new policies are necessary to achieve a recoveryin productivity, focusing on infrastructure and connectivity, the regulatory regime for businesses, constraints on innovation by firms, and skills development for individuals. The second pathway identified the main areas for policy reforms to further reduce vulnerability by deepening human capital gains and improving access to public services. The analysis identifies channels through which the labor market can again become a source of raising the incomes of the bottom 40 percent by improving health and education services and strengthening the poverty impact and sustainability of Russia's social protection system. To achieve these goals, progress isessential in three requisites: fiscal sustainability, governance, and management of natural resources.


The Jan Brady Library of the Australian Taxation Office moved to new and spacious premises in the centre of Canberra City in September 2007.


Mat comprises two carrier layers of and an intermediate pre-wetted layer of a swellable clay composition containing at least 50 wt.% extrudable calcium bentonite.


The work that is presented refers on the experimentation of the application of a group of exercises it is special and specific in a team of school judo in roads of perfecting the preparation tactics of the tachi waza and to elevate the results of the same ones, with emphasis in the essential pedagogic objective for these ages, that is to say, the technical test. The reached results offer us the effectiveness and efficiency of the exercises, with precise conclusions and necessary recommendations to contribute to the continuous development of the Cuban judo in the school environment.


Electrocoagulation (EC) is a technique in which a sacrificial electrode is used to induce the synthesis of certain coagulants. It's a straightforward and cost-effective solution. This makes it a popular method for removing contaminants from water and wastewater. The EC unit with two aluminium metal electrodes is used in this procedure. To remove the dye Sunset Yellow from aqueous solution, we set out to create a novel EC using aluminium electrodes as an anode. Direct current removal of the dye was used to verify the method's efficacy, and the effects of the applied current density were taken into account. The effects of pH, starting dye concentration, and electrolysis time were explored and adjusted for.


This article surveyed the developments in the diachronic study on the Chinese compound from the following four aspects: the judge of compound,the compositionality of compound,diachronic description and analysis and the theoretic probe of the diachronic change of compound. It pointed out the insufficiency of the current study. Then it introduced the recent progress on how the theory of construction grammar applies to the morphology and suggested the new approach to the diachronic study of Chinese compound.


Muro Banded Iron-Formation occurs in the Proterozoic Toto Schist Belt, central Nigeria. It consists preponderantly of oxide facies and minor carbonate facies. The oxide facies is made up of alternating bands of quartz (metachert) with those of hematite + magnetite + martite ± goethite, chlorite, pyrrhotite and garnet. The carbonate facies consists of quartz (metachert) + siderite ± goethite. In the oxide facies the total iron content (Fe2O3t) ranges from 33.95% to 48.08% and the SiO2 content from 50.33% to 64.50%. In the case of the carbonate facies, the Fe2O3t content varies from 15.42% to 20.66% and SiO2 content from 66.84 to 72.86%. The Al2O3 content is generally low ranging from 0.1% to 0.54% in the oxide facies, and 0.24% to 0.31% in the carbonate facies. Chemically, the Muro Iron-Formation is similar to the Lake Superior-type iron-formations in terms of the distribution of the major and trace elements. This taken together with similarities in lithological associations indicates its deposition in similar environments i.e. shallow intra-continental or restricted/barred marine basin. The very low Al2O3 contents indicate minor clastic dilution of the original chemical precipitates.


This paper examines genre and versification characteristics of Stefan Lazarević's Slovo ljubve. The first part of the paper gives theoretical definitions of epistle, lyrical (literary) epistle, lyric poem, while the second deals with the analysis of the original text, written in Serbo-Slavic language, from the point of view of versification. It is concluded that, at the level of structure and genre, the text of Slovo ljubve is open and unspecified; consequently, the authors that consider Slovo to be merely an epistle (Radojičić 1965, Bojović 2007) or a lyrical poem (Bogdanović 1980, Pavlović 1979) overlook the other aspects of the text (poetic or epistolary one), while the authors who opt for a hybrid genre, that of a lyrical epistle (Kostić 1965, Ređep 2007), most closely determine the true nature of Slovo ljubve.


The current generation of laser diodes suffers from poor thermal management. Typically, Cu-W is used as a submount material. Although it offers a good CTE match with GaAs, thermal conductivity is very limited (160 W/mK). A new approach to improving the thermal management of laser diodes was developed involving the use of hybrid CC/graphite foam composites. We also have a novel technology developed for LIDAR optical structures consisting of SiC-SiC composite material which exhibits excellent fracture toughness and homogeneous CTE.


We present the design principle and the structural characters of a sine driving system apparatus, which have been used since 1994 by NPU NF 3 wind tunnel in the dynamic stall experiment on the oscillating airfoil model. Some measures to improve the stability and flexibility are given. The obvious advantages of its simple structure and more accurate sine relationship between the oscillating angle of the model and the rotating angle of the engine have been proved in recent years. Tests show that this system is perfectly suitable for the study of the aerodynamic properties of the oscillating airfoil.


The invention relates to an improved automatic gear generating cutting instrument which comprises a machine frame and a movable bottom plate in sliding fit with the machine frame. A coining workbench is arranged on the movable bottom plate through springs and provided with a second lead screw and a rack cutter simulation machining coining head, the second lead screw is driven by a step motor, a main shaft is further mounted on the movable bottom plate through bearings, a cam and an incomplete gear are fixed to the main shaft, and the main shaft is driven by a direct-current motor through a pair of bevel gears; the machine frame is further fixedly provided with an incomplete rack meshed with the incomplete gear; a movable rack is further fixedly arranged on the movable bottom plate and meshed with a gear in a gear supporting shaft, the lower end of the gear supporting shaft is installed on a bracket through a bearing, the bracket is in sliding fit with a sliding chute in the bottom of the machine frame, and a locating pin is arranged between the bracket and the machine frame; a tray and a paper pressing plate are further fixed to the middle of the gear supporting shaft, and the upper end of the gear supporting shaft is sleeved with a line drawing cutting mechanism. According to the automatic gear generating cutting instrument, involute gears are machined through generating cutting in an automatic simulation mode, cutter position changes and ground paper line drawing and cutting operations can be completed accurately.


Optimal weapon target assignment problem involves NP-complete searching process and becomes computationally impractical as the number of weapons and targets increases. Existing approaches, therefore, only consider approximate method with heuristic searching scenarios, which are, however, no theoretical performance guarantee for the level of accuracy that the underlying algorithm may achieve. In this paper, the weapon target assignment problem is studied in the framework of combinatorial optimization theory. Following a previous work, an accelerated continuous greedy algorithm is proposed to address the underlying problem in polynomial time. The algorithm is proved to have the best guaranteed performance against optimal solution among the existing polynomial time methods.


The detection of glucose level in human body is very necessary for motoring physical condition. In our work, a triple tapered sensor probe based localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is developed to detect various glucose concentration solution. The single-mode fiber (SMF) is utilized to prepare the proposed triple tapered structure. The serial taper structure in the sensing area insure more evanescent wave (EW) leak out. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are modified on the serial triple tapered fiber (STTF) structure to stimulate the LSPR phenomenon. The limit of detection (LOD) and sensitivity of sensor are 3.8 mM and 0.59 nm/mM, respectively. Moreover, the reproducibility, selectivity, pH test, and reusability of STTF probe are evaluated to validate the ability in practice.


Technological advances that can be used by the public as a media for education are the development of Android smartphone technology, Android is the most popular of smartphone operating system in Indonesia with a percentage of 92%. Javanese language is one of the regional languages in Indonesia, but now its condition is threatened with extinction due to the smaller number of speakers in daily conversation. SD Negeri Karangmangu 1 is one of the institutions where students experience this problem, because some students feel ashamed and doubtful about using Javanese when talking to older people, due to the lack of Javanese vocabulary they understand. This research about Android Based Application Of Javanese Language Educational Games For Elementary Students. The application built is expected to help and make it easier for students in grades 3-6 to learn Javanese, by packaging Javanese into a fun interactive multimedia application (playing while learning). This application was developed using the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) method. The concept of the game is that some Javanese vocabulary will be provided and the user is required to answer and sort the words according to the questions provided before the time runs out, if the answer is correct so the answer and Javanese script will be displayed, as well as the sound of the pronunciation. The results of the application testing were 38% agreed and 62% strongly agreed that the Android Based Application Of Javanese Language Educational Games For Elementary Students can help and make it easier for students in grades 3-6 to learn Javanese language with fun interactive multimedia.


This paper develops a mathematical theory for solving deterministic, Lanchester-type, "square-law" attrition equations for combat between two homogeneous forces with temporal variations in fire effectivenesses (as expressed by the Lanchester attrition-rate coefficients). It gives a general form for expressing the solution of such variable-coefficient combat attrition equations in terms of Lanchester functions, which are introduced here and can be readily tabulated. Different Lanchester functions arise from different mathematical forms for the attrition-rate coefficients. We give results for two such forms: (1) effectiveness of each side's fire proportional to a power of time, and (2) effectiveness of each side's fire linear with time but with a nonconstant ratio of attrition-rate coefficients. Previous results in the literature for a nonconstant ratio of these attrition-rate coefficients only took a convenient form under rather restrictive conditions.


Rapid progress in the field of asteroseismology continues to be propelled by data from space missions. Since the time that this special topic was proposed in early 2017, the NASA Kepler/K2 missions have ended (November 2018) and the Canadian MOST spacecraft was decommissioned (March 2019). In April 2018, the NASA TESS mission was launched, and has collected data on nearly all of the sky both north and south of the ecliptic plane. The BRITE Constellation satellites (Austria-Poland-Canada) continue operation, and a new European Space Agency mission, PLATO, is planned for launch in 2026. In addition, during this period the Gaia mission Data Release 2 (Gaia Collaboration et al., 2018) has providedmore accurate parallaxes for over one billion stars, hence constraints on distance and luminosity for asteroseismic models. The ESA/Swiss Space Office CHEOPS space telescope was launched in December 2019 (Fortier et al., 2014). Its mission is to measure sizes of known transiting exoplanets orbiting bright and nearby stars, but it will also have significant capability for asteroseismology, collecting high-cadence photometry with precision similar to that of Kepler and TESS (Moya et al., 2018). Our original objectives for this topical issue are outlined in the "About This Research Topic" preface to the collection.While we had hoped for as many as 50 contributions, in the end 18 excellent and very diverse papers have been published: four Perspective articles, a two-part Methods article, four Reviews, two Mini-Reviews, and six Original Contributions. We asked the authors to consider articles that were "speculative and even controversial." We encouraged reviewers to be open-minded about predictions, opinions, and conclusions that differed frommainstream views.We hoped that this collection would become a resource for research advisors and students to inspire new projects and directions. Of the twelve suggested topics listed in the preface, the eighteen articles address directly or indirectly all but three of them. The exceptions are connections to related fields, such as supernovae progenitors, and seismology of planets and circumstellar disks. A notable omission is discussion of asteroseismology of stars in binary and multiple star systems, despite the increasing literature in this area. This absence highlights the difficulty of taking into account the effects of close binary companions in stellar evolution and pulsation models, which is usually done in an approximate way, and points to an area where advances are needed. We recommend the recent review of asteroseismology in close binary systems by Zhao Guo in the Frontiers Research Topic Asteroseismology in the Kepler Era. This latter collection also contains articles on asteroseismology for variable star types that were not addressed specifically in the present collection, such as white dwarfs (Córsico, 2020), hot subdwarfs (Lynas-Gray, 2021), high-mass stars (Bowman, 2020), and RR Lyrae variables (Plachy and Szabó, 2021). Edited by: Scott William McIntosh, National Center for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), United States


The Neutral Particle Analyzer (NPA) diagnostic on the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) utilizes a PPPL-designed E||B spectrometer that measures the energy spectra of minority hydrogen and bulk deuterium species simultaneously with 39 energy channels per mass specie and a time resolution of 1 ms. The calibrated energy range is E = 0.5-150 keV and the energy resolution varies from AE/E = 3-7% over the surface of the microchannel plate detector.


Abstract Objectives: This study introduces the structural design, working principles, performance testing and treatment effects of a newly developed ultrasonic irradiation delivery and treatment catheter system that integrates interventional catheterization technology. Background: Systemic administration method needs a high dose of gene and induces side effect of non-target organ delivery. Direct intramyocardial injection of a low-dose angiogenic gene followed by insonation treatment can enhance gene expression. So, a novel transendocardial gene delivery and intracardiac ultrasound irradiation strategy was tested. Methods: The medical interventional ultrasonic therapeutic apparatus is comprised of an ultrasonic irradiation catheter and a host. The ultrasonic irradiation catheter, which is equipped with an advance-and-retreat convenient miniature syringe needle and a miniature piezoelectric transducer on the tip, was used. Twelve dogs were divided into three groups: (1) EGFP and US (EGFP + US), (2) EGFP alone and (3) control group. In the EGFP + US group, EGFP plasmid DNA (500 µg) was injected and followed by intracardiac insonation. In the EGFP alone group, EGFP plasmid DNA (500 µg) was injected without insonation. In the control group, saline was injected. Results: The catheter can enter the heart through percutaneous intervention to realize intramyocardial injection, directly irradiate cardiac muscular tissues at close range and correctly control the ultrasonic irradiation energy delivered to cardiac muscular tissues. Compared with the EGFP gene group, an average sixfold enhancement in gene expression was achieved in the EGFP EGFP + US group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The experimental results confirmed that the treatment catheter was safe and reliable, which can realize transendocardial intramyocardial gene injection in the left ventricular chamber, and the ultrasonic parameter can increase gene expression after intracardiac ultrasonic irradiation. The intracardiac ultrasound irradiation treatment catheter may be a useful delivery and therapy tool in the future.


Shuangshen Pingfei San (SPS) is the derivative from the classic formula Renshen Pingfei San in treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In this study, network pharmacology was performed to explore the potential active compound and mechanism of SPS on IPF. Compound-target network, target-pathway network, herb-target network and the core gene target interaction network were established and analyzed. A total of 296 compounds and 69 candidate therapeutic targets of SPS in treating IPF were obtained. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that the main active compounds were flavonoids (such as apigenin, quercetin, naringenin, luteolin), other clusters (such as ginsenoside Rh2, diosgenin, tanshinone IIa) might also play significant roles. SPS regulated multiple IPF relative genes, affecting fibrosis (PTGS2, KDR, FGFR1, TGFB, VEGFA, MMP2/9) and inflammation (PPARG, TNF, IL13, IL4, IL1B), etc. In conclusion, anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect of SPS might be related to the regulation of inflammation, and pro-fibrotic signaling pathways. These findings revealed the potential active compounds and mechanisms of SPS on IPF and were benefit to further study.


The emergency of tuberculosis * The DOTS strategy to control tuberculosis * The need for modern tools: diagnostics, drugs, and vaccines * The Millennium Development Goals * The UN Millennium Project Working Group on TB and the Stop TB Partnership * The global tuberculosis epidemic and tuberculosis control * Global achievements * Overview of the tuberculosis epidemic * Overview of global tuberculosis control * Tuberculosis and HIV * Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis * Summary findings and conclusions * Poverty, gender, children, and tuberculosis * Poverty fosters tuberculosis * Tuberculosis fosters poverty * Tuberculosis and gender * Tuberculosis and children * Moving forward to achieve the Millennium Development Goals target for tuberculosis * Key intersections with other UN Millennium Project task forces * Solutions to constraints to improved tuberculosis control * Recommendation 1: ensure access for all to high-quality tuberculosis care * Recommendation 2: address the TB/HIV emergency now * Recommendation 3: engage all primary care providers in high-quality TB care * Recommendation 4: partner with communities to stop tuberculosis * Recommendation 5: stop the spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis * Recommendation 6: accelerate the development of critically needed new tools * Recommendation 7: support the Global Plan to Stop TB * Financing needs * Why more resources are needed * Estimate of general health system requirements * Recommendations * Meeting the target in UN Millennium Project pilot countries * UN Millennium Project pilot country case studies * Meeting the tuberculosis target in Kenya * Meeting the tuberculosis target in other UN Millennium Project pilot countries: Cambodia, the Dominican Republic, and Ethiopia * Appendices *


Abstract Objectives: To examine the point prevalence of depressive disorders and their clinical correlates in Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease. Patients and Methods: Chinese people with Parkinson's disease attending 2 general neurology outpatient clinics were recruited consecutively and a convenience sample was taken from among those attending a Parkinson's disease clinic. The Chinese-Bilingual Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th Edition) was used to identify patients who suffered from different kinds of depressive disorder. The demographic and clinical variables of those with depression were compared with those participants who did not have depression. Results: The point prevalence of any type of depressive disorder was 26.3%. Major depressive episodes were diagnosed in 19 (14.3%) patients, 7 of whom had concurrent dysthymia. Three percent had minor depression and 9% had dysthymia. A history of depression, the age of onset of Parkinson's disease, and global disability were found to be the clinical correlates of depression in Parkinson's disease. Conclusion: This study indicates that depression is frequent among Chinese people with Parkinson's disease attending neurology clinics in Hong Kong. The clinical correlates of Parkinson's disease found in this study concurred with those found in other studies. Key words: Parkinson disease; Depression; Prevalence [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that involves disturbances in motor control. It is a disabling and long-term disease that causes considerable difficulties in the lives of sufferers and their families. The societal burden of PD treatment is expected to escalate, as the population in Hong Kong is ageing, whilst the mean age of onset of PD is relatively early, at around 60 years. (1) In a cross-sectional survey of the residential homes for the elderly in Hong Kong, 3.4% of the subjects were found to have PD. (2) It has been shown that a PD patient is most susceptible to depression during the first half year of diagnosis. (3) This phenomenon is likely to be a psychological reaction to being labelled as having PD, which is a chronic disease with deterioration in various functional aspects that is not, at present, curable. Younger patients find it more difficult to accept a diagnosis of PD and are more likely to have disruptions in their career, family, and financial aspects. (4) Therefore, they are more susceptible to depression. Stress is a known precipitating factor for depression, especially for those who have a history of depression. Nonetheless, as PD disease progresses, the 'psychological' theory alone cannot explain the high prevalence of depression in those with advanced disease. Depression is not only found to precede the onset of PD, but is a risk factor for PD. (5) The 'biological' theory proposes that depression shares a common neurodegenerative pathway with PD, which makes depression more frequent in PD than expected. Some authors proposed several candidate pathological mechanisms besides dopamine depletion that can cause behavioural symptom, including dysfunction within noradrenergic, (6) serotonergic, (7) and cholinergic (8) systems and neural loss from Lewy bodies and plaques and tangles. (9) However, it seems that both 'psychological' and 'biological' theories interact in complex ways in different PD patients. Preliminary studies have suggested that depression in PD (dPD) is highly prevalent in the Chinese community. Clinical correlates of dPD are still to be determined. As measurement of the prevalence of dPD is important for resource allocation, comprehensive and methodologically sound studies on this subject are clearly warranted. This study focuses on the frequency of dPD, and its socio-demographic and clinical correlates. …


Scaling limit of Si CMOS technology and advent of "Ubiquitous Network Era" seem to open up new horizon for III-V nanoelectronics with much wider application areas than today. Here, its future challenges and key issues are discussed.


In terms of the determining principles,influential factors and determining methods of the reasonable finished dead state of the concrete cable-stayed bridges,a comprehensive method is developed.The procedure of this method is: deciding the initial dead state by using the minimum bending energy method firstly;then optimizing the cable forces by using the influence matrix method.And finally the reasonable finished dead state is determined.This method is used to calculate an actual bridge,and the result of the example shows that it is easy to operate and effective.


SUMMARY I describe plumage-based ageing criteria for the Black-footed Albatross Phoebastria nigripes and assess the utility of this technique using known-age museum specimens and at-sea observations. First, I quantify the repeatability of the plumage assessments and document that 95%, 95%, and 100% of the inspected specimens were reliably scored into one of three standardised plumage classes. Next, I assess the correspondence between the three plumage classes described here and three age groups: juvenile (0.5 years), immature (0.5–4.5 years), and mature (>4.5 years) birds. Overall, 82%, 68%, and 100% of age class 1, 2, and 3 specimens inspected were juvenile, immature, and mature birds, respectively. Finally, to illustrate the applicability of the ageing criteria, I characterise the monthly age-class composition of the Black-footed Albatross population off southern California (29–35°N, 117–124°W) from February through to December. I surveyed albatross population structure during 19 cruises between August 1996 and April 2000. Overall, 97% of the 294 birds sighted during surveys were aged using the plumage-based criteria. I used hierarchical clustering to identify time periods with similar age-class population composition. This analysis revealed four distinct stages: (1) the incubation period (November–December), characterised by the absence of white-rumped (breeding age) individuals; (2) the chick-brooding period (February– March), characterized by the numerical dominance of juvenile birds; (3) the chick-rearing (April–June) and postbreeding (August–October) period, characterised by the presence of all three age classes with mature birds being numerically dominant; and (4) the period of dispersal from breeding colonies (July), characterised by the absence of juvenile birds and the numerical dominance of mature individuals. These observations are in agreement with previous studies of Black-footed Albatross distributions off the west coast of North America. Despite substantial individual variability in moulting and bursa involution patterns, this study suggests that plumage characteristics can be effectively used to discriminate between different albatross age classes at sea.


Roaming means a mobile device moving from home location to a foreign location. The paper mainly focuses on the authentication and revocation of roaming users. User revocation can occur in two ways such as natural revocation and premature revocation. Natural revocation occurs due to the expiration of the secret key and premature revocation is mainly due to the unauthorized activities such as hacking. The system make use of group signature for authentication and revocation is efficient.


Employment counselors have many pressures brought on them by various publics. Many of these forces make it difficult for them to engage in counseling with their clients. Although there are varying definitions of counseling, many focus on dynamic problems such as defining roles and making decisions.

There is a need for theory in the practice of counseling, and a specific approach described is based on existential philosophy. Directing attention in counseling to the meaning of life and to what each person may do to provide answers to this question is the main point in this existential approach.


Genetic modification of hematopoietic stem cells with genes that inhibit replication of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) could lead to development of T lymphocytes and monocytic cells resistant to HIV-1 infection after transplantation. We performed a clinical trial to evaluate the safety and feasibility of this procedure, using bone marrow from four HIV-1-infected pediatric subjects (ages 8 to 17 years). We obtained bone marrow, isolated CD34(+) cells, performed in vitro transduction with a retroviral vector carrying a rev-responsive element (RRE) decoy gene, and reinfused the cells into these subjects with no evidence of adverse effects. The levels of gene-containing leukocytes in peripheral blood samples in the 1 year after gene transfer/cell infusion have been extremely low. These observations support the potential of performing gene therapy for HIV-1 using hematopoietic cells, but emphasize the need for improved gene transfer techniques.


The article describes a possible set of free electronic equipment and software with which the authors broadcast the process of examination and treatment of patients with ear, throat and nose diseases via the Internet in case of the distance educational process. The Microsoft Teams software can be used for conducting practical classes and lecturing at a distance, as it provides the ability to fully transfer all the necessary information from clinical disciplines, but its effectiveness is not the same as in offline training.


Civil infrastructure is vital linking component whose behavior is necessary to be monitored continuously since any fault in performance will cause significant risks. Recently, structural health monitoring (SHM) has obtained a significant contribution in preparing information related to structural behavior during functional life. Though, determining real infrastructure's behavior is intricate, since it relies on structural parameters that cannot be obtained directly from observed data and such identification is prone to uncertainties. Finite element model updating (FEMU) is an approach to address this issue. The current study employs a Modular Bayesian approach (MBA) to update a finite element model (FEM) of a lab-scaled box girder bridge applying natural frequencies. This approach is performed in two stages as undamaged and damaged. These stages can be denoted as the change in structural parameters due to incidences such as impact or fatigue effect. The performed MBA deals with uncertainties thoroughly in all steps. In this study, a discrepancy function is applied to detect the discrepancy in natural frequencies between the FEM and the experimental counterpart. A Gaussian process (GP) is used as a metamodel for the simulated model and the model discrepancy function. In this research, updating the initial FEM of the lab-scale Box Girder Bridge (BGB) by calibrating multi parameters is highlighted. Results specify a considerable drop in stiffness of concrete in damaged phase which is well matched with the cracks observed on the structure's body. Also, discrepancy records reach satisfying range in both stages which implies the structure's properties are predicted accurately.


In this paper,a method based on an adaptive sliding mode variable structure observer is presented for synchronization and control of a class of hyper-chaotic systems with multivariable transmission. It is not only more robust to noise and parameter mismatch in the error dynamics,but also does not need the upperbounds of the uncertainties in advance or the inertial filter. Theoretical analysis and simulation results proved the effectiveness of the method.


Colour- and power-Doppler ultrasonography have recently been used as potential new technologies to assess the degree of vascular perfusion of the ovary and follicles for research and clinical studies of ovarian and follicle hemodynamics and to predict fertility in horses, cattle and humans. In the present study, the following hypotheses were tested: (1) preovulatory follicle (POF) diameter (≥30 mm), but not blood flow, is repeatable between cycles within the same mare; (2) POF diameter and blood flow are good indicators of follicle status; (3) double POF have similar blood flow; and (4) highly vascularized POF produce corpora lutea (CL) with greater blood flow. Non-lactating mares (n = 13; 5 to 21 years old) of mixed breeds were used from March to May in the Northern Hemisphere. Follicle diameter and vascularity of the follicle wall before the first and second ovulations of the season and vascularity of the first CL were measured daily using transrectal colour-Doppler ultrasonography. The vascularity of the follicle wall and CL was based on the display of the blood-flow signals visualised in a slow, continuous-motion evaluation. Statistical analyses were performed by the SAS MIXED procedure, ANOVA and Student's t-tests and Spearman's correlation. A total of 26 periovulatory periods were evaluated. Unexpectedly, there were 84.6% (11/13) and 61.5% (8/13) double dominant POF and 30.8% (4/13) and 46.2% (6/13) double ovulations in the first and second periovulatory periods, respectively. The POF diameters were highly correlated (r = 0.68; P < 0.0001) between the first and second periovulatory periods. The diameter of the POF 5 days before the first ovulation was larger (P < 0.004) than before the second ovulation of the year. However, the POF vascularity did not differ between those periods. For 4 days before ovulation (Day 0), the diameter and blood flow of the POF were greater (P < 0.05) than for those follicles that underwent atresia in single- and double-ovulatory mares. The POF diameter and blood flow were positively correlated in ovulatory (r = 0.51; P < 0.0001) and in atretic (r = 0.32; P < 0.02) follicles. In double-ovulatory mares, POF diameter and blood flow increased (P < 0.0006) for 5 days before ovulation, with no difference between the 2 follicles in the same cycle for each parameter. The POF blood flow was positively correlated (r = 0.32; P < 0.0009) with CL vascularity during the first periovulatory period (Day –7 to +6) of the season. Furthermore, a positive correlation (r = 0.58; P < 0.01) was observed between the maximum vascularity of the POF and its subsequent CL. In conclusion, although preliminary, our results demonstrated that (a) POF vascularity is not repeatable within individuals; (b) potential atretic POF have low blood flow; (c) double POF have similar vascularity; and (d) greater blood flow to the POF is associated with higher CL vascularity.


Thorough analysis of the health care industry includes performing product forecasts for individual companies as well as tracking and interpreting industry performance and valuation trends. Analysts who study the industry will note that it is returning to normal growth levels after enjoying a period of unusually high returns.This presentation comes from The Health Care Industry conference held in Washington, DC, on February 9-10, 1993.


We present new CO millimeter-wave observations of the star-formation region NGC 7538 centered in the region around IRS 1--3, in which a large (rroughly-equal1.3 pc) and massive (75 M/sub sun/) high-velocity molecular outflow is identified. The correspondence of far-infrared emission with the extent of the molecular outflow leads to the proposal of an in situ mechanism for radiative acceleration of the gas, operable in cases where tau (dust) is insufficient to permit the ''snowplow'' outflow effect. We also synthesize new and previously published near infrared emission line observations of IRS 1--3, finding an apparent deficit in ionizing flux relative to the total far-infrared luminosity. We identify IRS 1 as the most luminous of the three sources, in which dust absorption within the ultracompact H II region has sharply reduced the ionizing flux. On this basis we argue that IRS 1 may also be the primary if not sole cuase of the molecular outflow.


In this paper, a novel three-phase PFC topology with a reconfigurable LCL filter is proposed with not necessary any additional grid-side inductors. The reconfigurable LCL filter consists of the original converter-side inductors and filter capacitors and a group of additional low-frequency bidirectional switches. There are six operation modes over a line cycle, and in each mode of the operation, the filter is reconfigured to keep the LCL filter structure by three inductors which two of them act as the converter-side inductors and one of them acts as the grid-side inductor. Therefore, all magnetic components are fully utilized, and the constructed power converter is able to maintain in simple small size structure and with a high quality of power transmission. The proposed PFC topology is verified by simulation, controller-hardware-in-the-loop (C-HIL) simulator, and a 1kW experimental prototype. The results show that the proposed PFC topology reaches the current quality as good as the conventional PFC topology while inductors are reduced by half in the proposed topology.


Rationale Organometallic compounds are becoming increasingly important in their industrial application as catalysts. Mass spectrometry is an essential tool for the structural confirmation of such organometallics. Because the analysis of this class of molecules can be challenging, the ionization behavior and structural confirmation of selected transition metal catalysts are described in this work. Methods The transition metal catalysts investigated were analyzed using classical vacuum MALDI reflectron TOF‐MS as well as intermediate pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI QTOF‐MS). Obtained mass spectra were compared with electrospray ionization MS (ESI‐MS) already established for organometallic compounds, utilizing a QTOF mass spectrometer here. In addition, various sample preparations, including two selected MALDI matrices (trans‐2‐[3‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐2‐methyl‐2‐propenylidene]malononitrile and 2,2′:5′,2″‐terthiophene) with different solvent combinations for MALDI‐MS measurements, were investigated in detail with respect to their correct isotope distribution of the molecular ions observed. Results All investigated organometallic compounds were successfully identified by vacuum and intermediate pressure MALDI‐MS. Accurate masses of ions related to molecular ion species (e.g., [M‐Cl]+, [M]+, and [M + Na]+) could be determined by MALDI QTOF‐MS measurements with a mass error of less than ±5 ppm for all compounds. Both investigated MALDI matrices performed equally on both instruments. The impact of the analyte/matrix solvent mixtures turned out to be crucial for a successful analysis of the investigated compounds. In contrast, ESI QTOF‐MS yielded masses of ions related to molecular ion species in favorable cases. Conclusions The use of MALDI‐MS for the structural confirmation of organometallic compounds is still not widely used. Nevertheless, this work showed that this analytical technique does have some benefits. The analysis of neutral catalysts proves to be quite useful, concluding that this technique provides a complement and/or an alternative to ESI‐MS.